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Lavoro A, Cultrera G, Gattuso G, Lombardo C, Falzone L, Saverio C, Libra M, Salmeri M. Role of Oral Microbiota Dysbiosis in the Development and Progression of Oral Lichen Planus. J Pers Med 2024; 14:386. [PMID: 38673013 DOI: 10.3390/jpm14040386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease of the oral cavity with malignant potential affecting 1.01% of the worldwide population. The clinical patterns of this oral disorder, characterized by relapses and remissions of the lesions, appear on buccal, lingual, gingival, and labial mucosa causing a significant reduction in the quality of life. Currently, there are no specific treatments for this disease, and the available therapies with topical and systemic corticosteroids only reduce symptoms. Although the etiopathogenesis of this pathological condition has not been completely understood yet, several exogenous and endogenous risk factors have been proposed over the years. The present review article summarized the underlying mechanisms of action involved in the onset of OLP and the most well-known triggering factors. According to the current data, oral microbiota dysbiosis could represent a potential diagnostic biomarker for OLP. However, further studies should be undertaken to validate their use in clinical practice, as well as to provide a better understanding of mechanisms of action and develop novel effective intervention strategies against OLP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Lavoro
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia 97, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Giovanni Cultrera
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia 97, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Gattuso
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia 97, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Cinzia Lombardo
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia 97, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Luca Falzone
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia 97, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Candido Saverio
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia 97, 95123 Catania, Italy
- Research Center for Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Cancer, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Massimo Libra
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia 97, 95123 Catania, Italy
- Research Center for Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Cancer, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Mario Salmeri
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia 97, 95123 Catania, Italy
- Research Center for Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Cancer, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
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2
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Lou SSK, Ruff H, MacDonald S, Smith SM, Cheung CC. PD-L1 expression in fine-needle aspiration cell blocks of head and neck squamous-cell carcinoma and its cytohistological concordance. Diagn Cytopathol 2024; 52:163-170. [PMID: 38095142 DOI: 10.1002/dc.25264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 11/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND PD-L1 immunoexpression in head and neck squamous-cell carcinoma (HNSCC) determines immunotherapy eligibility. Patients are often diagnosed using fine-needle aspiration (FNA) of metastatic lymph nodes, however, the cytohistologic correlation of the combined positive score (CPS) is largely unknown. METHODS This study retrospectively identified 96 paired histologic (HS) and cytologic specimens (CyS), between 2016 and 2020, diagnosed with HNSCC. Cases with <100 tumor cells (n = 54) or missing block(s) (n = 8) were excluded. All 34 case pairs were scored with CPS using the PD-L1 22C3 pharmDx assay at clinically relevant cut-offs of <1%, 1%-19%, and ≥20% independently by three observers blinded to the case pairs (CyS with corresponding HS). RESULTS The CPS (<1/1-19/≥20) for CyS and HS were as follows: 10(29.4%)/10(29.4%)/14(41.2%) and 2(5.9%)/13(38.2%)/19(55.9%), respectively. There was fair overall cytohistologic agreement (OA) of 76.5% (k = 0.261) at the CPS cut-off of 1. The OA did not differ significantly between site-matched (n = 13) and -unmatched (n = 21) case pairs (p = .4653). CyS has a specificity and positive predictive value (PPV) of 100% but a negative predictive value (NPV) of only 20% as compared to its paired HS. CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrates fair CPS cytohistologic correlation in HNSCC specimens using the PD-L1 IHC 22C3 pharmDx assay with high PPV but low NPV. This suggest that determining PD-L1 status in FNA specimens can play an important role in the clinical management of HNSCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandy Si Kei Lou
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Pathology, Laboratory Medicine Program, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Heather Ruff
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Pathology, Laboratory Medicine Program, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Pathology, Oregon Health Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Scott MacDonald
- Division of Pathology, Laboratory Medicine Program, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Stephen M Smith
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Pathology, Laboratory Medicine Program, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Carol C Cheung
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Pathology, Laboratory Medicine Program, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Conforti C, Retrosi C, Agozzino M, Dianzani C, Nardon E, Oliveri A, Azzalini E, Guida S, Pellacani G, Di Lella G, Rongioletti F, Zalaudek I, Bonin S. Unraveling the Complex Nexus of Human Papillomavirus (HPV) in Extragenital Keratinocyte Skin Tumors: A Comprehensive Analysis of Bowen's Disease and In Situ Squamous-Cell Carcinoma. J Clin Med 2024; 13:1091. [PMID: 38398404 PMCID: PMC10889444 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13041091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
This comprehensive study delves into the intricate landscape surrounding the role of human papillomavirus (HPV) in extragenital keratinocyte skin tumors, specifically exploring Bowen's disease (BD) and in situ squamous-cell carcinoma (iSCC). Through a multifaceted examination, this research study elucidates the nuanced interplay of HPV, gender dynamics, anatomical site variations, and potential implications for the etiopathogenesis of these malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Conforti
- IDI-IRCCS, Dermatological Research Hospital, 00167 Rome, Italy; (C.C.); (C.R.); (G.D.L.)
| | - Chiara Retrosi
- IDI-IRCCS, Dermatological Research Hospital, 00167 Rome, Italy; (C.C.); (C.R.); (G.D.L.)
| | - Marina Agozzino
- Dermatology Clinic, Maggiore Hospital, Piazza Ospitale 1, 34125 Trieste, Italy; (M.A.)
| | - Caterina Dianzani
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Cosmetic Surgery, Dermatology Section, Campus Bio-Medico University Hospital, 00128 Rome, Italy;
| | - Ermanno Nardon
- Department of Medical Sciences (DSM), University of Trieste, 34149 Trieste, Italy (A.O.); (E.A.); (S.B.)
| | - Anselmo Oliveri
- Department of Medical Sciences (DSM), University of Trieste, 34149 Trieste, Italy (A.O.); (E.A.); (S.B.)
| | - Eros Azzalini
- Department of Medical Sciences (DSM), University of Trieste, 34149 Trieste, Italy (A.O.); (E.A.); (S.B.)
| | - Stefania Guida
- Dermatology Clinic, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Vita-Salute University, 20132 Milan, Italy;
| | - Giovanni Pellacani
- Dermatology Clinic, Department of Clinical Internal, Anesthesiological and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00196 Rome, Italy;
| | - Giovanni Di Lella
- IDI-IRCCS, Dermatological Research Hospital, 00167 Rome, Italy; (C.C.); (C.R.); (G.D.L.)
| | - Franco Rongioletti
- Dermatology Clinic, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Vita-Salute University, 20132 Milan, Italy;
| | - Iris Zalaudek
- Dermatology Clinic, Maggiore Hospital, Piazza Ospitale 1, 34125 Trieste, Italy; (M.A.)
- Department of Medical Sciences (DSM), University of Trieste, 34149 Trieste, Italy (A.O.); (E.A.); (S.B.)
| | - Serena Bonin
- Department of Medical Sciences (DSM), University of Trieste, 34149 Trieste, Italy (A.O.); (E.A.); (S.B.)
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Foltz EA, Witkowski A, Becker AL, Latour E, Lim JY, Hamilton A, Ludzik J. Artificial Intelligence Applied to Non-Invasive Imaging Modalities in Identification of Nonmelanoma Skin Cancer: A Systematic Review. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:629. [PMID: 38339380 PMCID: PMC10854803 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16030629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The objective of this study is to systematically analyze the current state of the literature regarding novel artificial intelligence (AI) machine learning models utilized in non-invasive imaging for the early detection of nonmelanoma skin cancers. Furthermore, we aimed to assess their potential clinical relevance by evaluating the accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of each algorithm and assessing for the risk of bias. METHODS Two reviewers screened the MEDLINE, Cochrane, PubMed, and Embase databases for peer-reviewed studies that focused on AI-based skin cancer classification involving nonmelanoma skin cancers and were published between 2018 and 2023. The search terms included skin neoplasms, nonmelanoma, basal-cell carcinoma, squamous-cell carcinoma, diagnostic techniques and procedures, artificial intelligence, algorithms, computer systems, dermoscopy, reflectance confocal microscopy, and optical coherence tomography. Based on the search results, only studies that directly answered the review objectives were included and the efficacy measures for each were recorded. A QUADAS-2 risk assessment for bias in included studies was then conducted. RESULTS A total of 44 studies were included in our review; 40 utilizing dermoscopy, 3 using reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM), and 1 for hyperspectral epidermal imaging (HEI). The average accuracy of AI algorithms applied to all imaging modalities combined was 86.80%, with the same average for dermoscopy. Only one of the three studies applying AI to RCM measured accuracy, with a result of 87%. Accuracy was not measured in regard to AI based HEI interpretation. CONCLUSION AI algorithms exhibited an overall favorable performance in the diagnosis of nonmelanoma skin cancer via noninvasive imaging techniques. Ultimately, further research is needed to isolate pooled diagnostic accuracy for nonmelanoma skin cancers as many testing datasets also include melanoma and other pigmented lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie A. Foltz
- Department of Dermatology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97201, USA
- Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine, Washington State University, Spokane, WA 99202, USA
| | - Alexander Witkowski
- Department of Dermatology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97201, USA
| | - Alyssa L. Becker
- Department of Dermatology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97201, USA
- John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawai’i at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA
| | - Emile Latour
- Biostatistics Shared Resource, Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97201, USA
| | - Jeong Youn Lim
- Biostatistics Shared Resource, Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97201, USA
| | - Andrew Hamilton
- Department of Dermatology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97201, USA
| | - Joanna Ludzik
- Department of Dermatology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97201, USA
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Sordi E, Piscitelli P, Albanese C, Melcarne A, Tardio A, Quarta F, Greco E, Miani A, Falco A, De Matteis E, Congedo M, Civino A. Incidence of Non-Melanoma Skin Cancers in Salento (Southern Italy): A 15-Year Retrospective Analysis from the Cancer Registry of Lecce. Epidemiologia (Basel) 2023; 5:1-10. [PMID: 38534803 DOI: 10.3390/epidemiologia5010001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Non-melanoma skin cancers (NMSCs) include basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and squamous-cell carcinoma (SCC), as well as a wide range of rare skin tumors. NMSCs is the most frequently diagnosed type of tumor among Caucasians. We aimed at estimating the incidence and mortality of NMSCs in the Salento area (Lecce province, Southern Italy), whose population is assumed to experience heavy and frequent sun exposure due to climatic/environmental factors, both for working and leisure activities. MATERIALS AND METHODS We computed the incidence of NMSCs in the Province of Lecce by examining the comprehensive real-world data collected by the local cancer registry, which covers all the 830,000 inhabitants, over a period of fifteen years (from 2003 to 2017), with a focus on the latest 5 years (2013-2017) for the analysis of the different histologic morphologies of these tumors. The incidence of NMSCs has been described in terms of absolute frequencies, crude rates and age-adjusted direct standardized rates (DSR). Joinpoint analysis was used to examine temporal trends in the incidence of NMSCs and estimate annual percent changes (APCs). RESULTS During the period of 2003-2017, the incidence of NMSCs reached a direct standardized rate (DSR) of 162.62 per 100,000 in men (mortality 1.57 per 100,000) and 89.36 per 100,000 in women (mortality 0.52 per 100,000), respectively. The incidence significantly increased among both men and women across the entire period. Basal cell carcinoma (BCC), with its different morphologies, represented about 67.6% of the NMSCs in men (n = 2139 out of a total of 3161 tumors observed between 2013 and 2017) and about 75.8% of the NMSCs in women (n = 1718 out of a total of 2264 tumors from 2013 to 2017), thus accounting for the vast majority of NMSCs. The results are consistent with the literature data carried out both at national and international level. CONCLUSIONS Proper monitoring of this phenomenon through timely reporting and recording of all new NMSC cases is necessary to develop new preventive strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Prisco Piscitelli
- Local Health Authority ASL Le, 73100 Lecce, Italy
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Carla Albanese
- Experimental Zooprophylactic Institute of Apulia and Basilicata (IZSPB), 71121 Foggia, Italy
| | | | - Anna Tardio
- Local Health Authority ASL Le, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | | | - Enrico Greco
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, 34100 Trieste, Italy
- Italian Society of Environmental Medicine (SIMA), 20123 Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandro Miani
- Italian Society of Environmental Medicine (SIMA), 20123 Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Falco
- Department of Health Sciences, European University of Madrid, 28670 Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Adele Civino
- Local Health Authority ASL Le, 73100 Lecce, Italy
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Hughes RT, Gebeyehu RR, Kalada JM, Lycan TW, Frizzell BA, Kinney RD, D'Agostino RB, Bunch PM, Triozzi P, Zhang W, Furdui CM, Porosnicu M. Quad-shot-immunotherapy: quad-shot radiotherapy with pembrolizumab for advanced/recurrent head and neck cancer. Future Oncol 2023; 19:1523-1534. [PMID: 37199326 PMCID: PMC10463211 DOI: 10.2217/fon-2022-1146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Effective treatments for advanced/recurrent head and neck squamous-cell carcinoma are limited. For cases not curable by conventional local therapies, the immune checkpoint inhibitor pembrolizumab shows modest response rates. Quad-shot, a hypofractionated palliative radiotherapy regimen (14.8 Gy in four twice-daily fractions), can provide symptomatic relief, contributes to local control and may potentiate the effects of immune checkpoint inhibitors. In this study, 15 patients with advanced/recurrent head and neck squamous-cell carcinoma will be treated with pembrolizumab combined with up to three administrations of quad-shot before cycles four, eight and 13. Outcomes include disease response, survival and treatment toxicity. Correlative multiomics analysis of blood and saliva will identify molecular biomarkers of response to immune checkpoint inhibitor and the immune-related impact of quad-shot. Clinical trial registration: This study (WFBCCC 60320) is registered on NCT04454489 (ClinicalTrials.gov).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan T Hughes
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, USA
| | - Rediet R Gebeyehu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Hematology & Oncology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, USA
| | - John Mason Kalada
- Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, USA
| | - Thomas W Lycan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Hematology & Oncology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, USA
| | - Bart A Frizzell
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, USA
| | - Rebecca D Kinney
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Hematology & Oncology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, USA
| | - Ralph B D'Agostino
- Department of Biostatistics & Data Science, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, USA
| | - Paul M Bunch
- Department of Radiology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, USA
| | - Pierre Triozzi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Hematology & Oncology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, USA
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, USA
| | - Cristina M Furdui
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, USA
| | - Mercedes Porosnicu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Hematology & Oncology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, USA
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Zauner R, Wimmer M, Atzmueller S, Proell J, Niklas N, Ablinger M, Reisenberger M, Lettner T, Illmer J, Dorfer S, Koller U, Guttmann-Gruber C, Hofbauer JP, Bauer JW, Wally V. Biomarker Discovery in Rare Malignancies: Development of a miRNA Signature for RDEB-cSCC. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3286. [PMID: 37444397 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15133286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Machine learning has been proven to be a powerful tool in the identification of diagnostic tumor biomarkers but is often impeded in rare cancers due to small patient numbers. In patients suffering from recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa (RDEB), early-in-life development of particularly aggressive cutaneous squamous-cell carcinomas (cSCCs) represents a major threat and timely detection is crucial to facilitate prompt tumor excision. As miRNAs have been shown to hold great potential as liquid biopsy markers, we characterized miRNA signatures derived from cultured primary cells specific for the potential detection of tumors in RDEB patients. To address the limitation in RDEB-sample accessibility, we analyzed the similarity of RDEB miRNA profiles with other tumor entities derived from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) repository. Due to the similarity in miRNA expression with RDEB-SCC, we used HN-SCC data to train a tumor prediction model. Three models with varying complexity using 33, 10 and 3 miRNAs were derived from the elastic net logistic regression model. The predictive performance of all three models was determined on an independent HN-SCC test dataset (AUC-ROC: 100%, 83% and 96%), as well as on cell-based RDEB miRNA-Seq data (AUC-ROC: 100%, 100% and 91%). In addition, the ability of the models to predict tumor samples based on RDEB exosomes (AUC-ROC: 100%, 93% and 100%) demonstrated the potential feasibility in a clinical setting. Our results support the feasibility of this approach to identify a diagnostic miRNA signature, by exploiting publicly available data and will lay the base for an improvement of early RDEB-SCC detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roland Zauner
- EB House Austria, Research Program for Molecular Therapy of Genodermatoses, Department of Dermatology & Allergology, University Hospital of the Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Monika Wimmer
- EB House Austria, Research Program for Molecular Therapy of Genodermatoses, Department of Dermatology & Allergology, University Hospital of the Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Sabine Atzmueller
- Center for Medical Research, Medical Faculty, Johannes-Kepler-University, 4020 Linz, Austria
| | - Johannes Proell
- Center for Medical Research, Medical Faculty, Johannes-Kepler-University, 4020 Linz, Austria
| | - Norbert Niklas
- Red Cross Transfusion Service of Upper Austria, 4020 Linz, Austria
| | - Michael Ablinger
- EB House Austria, Research Program for Molecular Therapy of Genodermatoses, Department of Dermatology & Allergology, University Hospital of the Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Manuela Reisenberger
- Department of Dermatology & Allergology, University Hospital of the Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Thomas Lettner
- EB House Austria, Research Program for Molecular Therapy of Genodermatoses, Department of Dermatology & Allergology, University Hospital of the Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Julia Illmer
- EB House Austria, Research Program for Molecular Therapy of Genodermatoses, Department of Dermatology & Allergology, University Hospital of the Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Sonja Dorfer
- EB House Austria, Research Program for Molecular Therapy of Genodermatoses, Department of Dermatology & Allergology, University Hospital of the Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Ulrich Koller
- EB House Austria, Research Program for Molecular Therapy of Genodermatoses, Department of Dermatology & Allergology, University Hospital of the Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Christina Guttmann-Gruber
- EB House Austria, Research Program for Molecular Therapy of Genodermatoses, Department of Dermatology & Allergology, University Hospital of the Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Josefina Piñón Hofbauer
- EB House Austria, Research Program for Molecular Therapy of Genodermatoses, Department of Dermatology & Allergology, University Hospital of the Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Johann W Bauer
- EB House Austria, Research Program for Molecular Therapy of Genodermatoses, Department of Dermatology & Allergology, University Hospital of the Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
- Department of Dermatology & Allergology, University Hospital of the Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Verena Wally
- EB House Austria, Research Program for Molecular Therapy of Genodermatoses, Department of Dermatology & Allergology, University Hospital of the Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
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8
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Garbarino F, Scelfo D, Paulone G, Paganelli A, Ulrici A, Magnoni C, Pasquali L. Comparative study of in-vitro autofluorescence of normal versus non-melanoma-skin-cancer cells at different excitation wavelengths. J Biophotonics 2023; 16:e202200361. [PMID: 36645389 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.202200361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
In this experimental study the autofluorescence of squamous carcinoma cells, stimulated by 6 different excitation wavelengths in the range 280-533 nm, has been compared with the autofluorescence of normal control keratinocytes. Skin cells were cultivated in vitro, to isolate their characteristic autofluorescence form the more complex one that would be originated by the complete skin tissue. Autofluorescence spectra in the visible range were complemented by absorption measurements. It was observed that the control cells showed characteristic emission (and absorption) structures due to typical endogenous chromophores [FAD and NAD(P)H, lipo-pigments, porphyrins], that were severely dumped in pathological cells. The autofluorescence spectra were then elaborated by multivariate analysis: after a first exploratory data analysis by means of Principal Component Analysis, the whole dataset was used to develop classification models using partial least squares-discriminant analysis, to differentiate between normal and pathological cells. This permitted us to identify the most suitable fluorescence spectral interval, in the 550-670 nm range, to discriminate between normal and pathological behavior, independently on the excitation wavelength.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Garbarino
- Department of Dermatology, Surgical, Medical and Dental Department of Morphological Sciences Related to Transplant, Oncology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
- Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Daniel Scelfo
- Department of Engineering "Enzo Ferrari", University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Gabriele Paulone
- Department of Engineering "Enzo Ferrari", University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Alessia Paganelli
- Department of Dermatology, Surgical, Medical and Dental Department of Morphological Sciences Related to Transplant, Oncology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
- Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Alessandro Ulrici
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Cristina Magnoni
- Department of Dermatology, Surgical, Medical and Dental Department of Morphological Sciences Related to Transplant, Oncology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Luca Pasquali
- Department of Engineering "Enzo Ferrari", University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
- IOM-CNR, Trieste, Italy
- Department of Physics, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park, South Africa
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9
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Licci G, Locatello LG, Maggiore G, Cozzolino F, Caini S, Gallo O. The Same-Up-Down Staging System for Recurrent Early Glottic Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15030598. [PMID: 36765555 PMCID: PMC9913356 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15030598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: The treatment of recurrent early glottic cancer (rEGC) remains challenging. We wanted to investigate how the oncological outcomes are affected by the initial and recurrent stages, in order to propose our newly developed Same-Up-Down (SUD) staging system. (2) Methods: In our cohort of 258 rEGC patients, we retrospectively assessed the prognostic performances of the rTNM (the TNM staging system for recurrence), CLRSS, CLRSS-2, and SUD staging systems by univariate and multivariate Cox analysis, comparing their predictive capability using Harrell's C-index. (3) Results: The SUD classification satisfactorily predicted both overall survival (p = 0.022) and second-recurrence-free survival (p = 0.024, as same + down vs. upstage) in our cohort. It also outperformed the other three systems in terms of prediction of survival, with an improvement of 1.52%, 1.18%, and 3.96% in the predictive capacity of overall survival, disease-specific survival, and second-recurrence-free survival, respectively. (4) Conclusions: The SUD staging system can efficiently predict survival in rEGC patients, whose prognosis heavily depends on both the initial and recurrent locoregional extension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Licci
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Careggi University Hospital, Largo Brambilla 3, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Luca Giovanni Locatello
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Academic Hospital “Santa Maria della Misericordia”, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Friuli Centrale, Piazzale Santa Maria della Misericordia 15, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Giandomenico Maggiore
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Careggi University Hospital, Largo Brambilla 3, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Flavia Cozzolino
- Cancer Risk Factors and Lifestyle Epidemiology Unit, Institute for Cancer Research, Prevention and Clinical Network (ISPRO), Via Cosimo il Vecchio 2, 50139 Florence, Italy
| | - Saverio Caini
- Cancer Risk Factors and Lifestyle Epidemiology Unit, Institute for Cancer Research, Prevention and Clinical Network (ISPRO), Via Cosimo il Vecchio 2, 50139 Florence, Italy
| | - Oreste Gallo
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Careggi University Hospital, Largo Brambilla 3, 50134 Florence, Italy
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Viale Morgagni 48, 50134 Florence, Italy
- Correspondence:
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10
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Grenda A, Krawczyk P, Targowska-Duda KM, Kieszko R, Paśnik I, Milanowski J. Efficacy of Dabrafenib and Trametinib in a Patient with Squamous-Cell Carcinoma, with Mutation p.D594G in BRAF and p.R461* in NF1 Genes-A Case Report with Literature Review. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021195. [PMID: 36674722 PMCID: PMC9864135 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The 3rd class of BRAF (B-Raf Proto-Oncogene, Serine/Threonine Kinase) variants including G466, D594, and A581 mutations cause kinase death or impaired kinase activity. It is unlikely that RAF (Raf Proto-Oncogene, Serine/Threonine Kinase) inhibitors suppress ERK (Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase) signaling in class 3 mutant-driven tumors due to the fact that they preferentially inhibit activated BRAF V600 mutants. However, there are suggestions that class 3 mutations are still associated with enhanced RAS/MAPK (RAS Proto-Oncogene, GTPase/Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase) activation, potentially due to other mechanisms such as the activation of growth factor signaling or concurrent MAPK pathway mutations, e.g., RAS or NF1 (Neurofibromin 1). A 75-year-old male patient with squamous-cell cancer (SqCC) of the lung and with metastases to the kidney and mediastinal lymph nodes received chemoimmunotherapy (expression of Programmed Cell Death 1 Ligand 1 (PD-L1) on 2% of tumor cells). The chemotherapy was limited due to the accompanying myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), and pembrolizumab monotherapy was continued for up to seven cycles. At the time of progression, next-generation sequencing was performed and a c.1781A>G (p.Asp594Gly) mutation in the BRAF gene, a c.1381C>T (p.Arg461Ter) mutation in the NF1 gene, and a c.37C>T (p.Gln13Ter) mutation in the FANCC gene were identified. Combined therapy with BRAF (dabrafenib) and MEK (trametinib) inhibitors was used, which resulted in the achievement of partial remission of the primary lesion and lung nodules and the stabilization of metastatic lesions in the kidney and bones. The therapy was discontinued after five months due to myelosuppression associated with MDS. The molecular background was decisive for the patient’s fate. NSCLC patients with non-V600 mutations in the BRAF gene rarely respond to anti-BRAF and anti-MEK therapy. The achieved effectiveness of the treatment could be related to a mutation in the NF1 tumor suppressor gene. The loss of NF1 function causes the excessive activation of KRAS and overactivity of the signaling pathway containing BRAF and MEK, which were the targets of the therapy. Moreover, the mutation in the FANCC gene was probably related to MDS development. The NGS technique was crucial for the qualification to treatment and the prediction of the NSCLC course in our patient. The mutations in two genes—the BRAF oncogene and the NF1 tumor suppressor gene—were the reason for the use of dabrafenib and trametinib treatment. The patients achieved short-term disease stabilization. This proved that coexisting mutations in these genes affect the disease course and treatment efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Grenda
- Department of Pneumonology, Oncology and Allergology, Medical University in Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8, 20-090 Lublin, Poland
- Correspondence:
| | - Pawel Krawczyk
- Department of Pneumonology, Oncology and Allergology, Medical University in Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8, 20-090 Lublin, Poland
| | | | - Robert Kieszko
- Department of Pneumonology, Oncology and Allergology, Medical University in Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8, 20-090 Lublin, Poland
| | - Iwona Paśnik
- Department of Clinical Pathomorphology, Medical University in Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8b, 20-090 Lublin, Poland
| | - Janusz Milanowski
- Department of Pneumonology, Oncology and Allergology, Medical University in Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8, 20-090 Lublin, Poland
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11
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Munhoz RR, Nader-Marta G, de Camargo VP, Queiroz MM, Cury-Martins J, Ricci H, de Mattos MR, de Menezes TAF, Machado GUC, Bertolli E, Barros M, de Souza CE, Franke F, Ferreira FO, Feher O, de Castro G. A phase 2 study of first-line nivolumab in patients with locally advanced or metastatic cutaneous squamous-cell carcinoma. Cancer 2022; 128:4223-4231. [PMID: 36274573 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.34463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cutaneous squamous-cell carcinoma (CSCC) is among the most frequent malignancies worldwide. For those not amenable to treatment with curative intent, immune checkpoint inhibition (ICI) with anti-programmed death receptor 1 (PD-1) antibodies has emerged as a novel therapeutic option. In this study, the authors sought to investigate the activity of the anti-PD-1 agent nivolumab in patients with advanced CSCC (aCSCC). METHODS CA209-9JC was an open-label, single-arm, phase 2 study to evaluate the safety and/or efficacy of nivolumab in systemic treatment-naive patients with aCSCC. Nivolumab (3 mg/kg) was administered every 2 weeks until disease progression, unacceptable toxicity, or 12 months of treatment. The primary end point was the best objective response rate (BORR) as per RECIST 1.1 criteria. Secondary end points included safety, progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS). RESULTS Twenty-four patients with aCSCC were enrolled with a median age of 74 years (range, 48-93). Among the 24 patients evaluable for response, the BORR was 58.3% (14/24); there were no complete responses. With a median follow-up of 17.6 months, median duration of response has not been reached, and the estimated median PFS and OS were 12.7 and 20.7 months, respectively. Prior exposure to radiotherapy was associated with worse outcomes (p = .035, univariate analysis). Treatment-related adverse events of any grade and grade ≥ 3 occurred in 21 (87.5%) and six (25%) patients, respectively, and one patient discontinued nivolumab due to toxicities. CONCLUSIONS Nivolumab resulted in robust antitumor activity, sustained responses, and good tolerability in systemic treatment-naive patients with aCSCC. These data provide further evidence to support the use of ICI as the standard treatment of aCSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo R Munhoz
- Oncology Service, Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo, Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Oncology Center, Hospital Sírio Libanês, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Veridiana P de Camargo
- Centro de Oncologia e Hematologia, Beneficiência Portuguesa de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Jade Cury-Martins
- Dermatology Department, Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Hermínia Ricci
- Oncology Service, Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo, Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcela R de Mattos
- Oncology Service, Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo, Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Guilherme U C Machado
- Oncology Division, Hospital das Clínicas da Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Bertolli
- Oncology Center, Hospital Sírio Libanês, São Paulo, Brazil.,Centro de Oncologia e Hematologia, Beneficiência Portuguesa de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Skin Cancer Department, A.C. Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Milton Barros
- Skin Cancer Department, A.C. Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Fábio Franke
- Oncosite, Centro De Pesquisa Clínica Em Oncologia, Ijuí, Brazil
| | - Fabio O Ferreira
- Oncology Service, Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo, Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Oncology Center, Hospital Sírio Libanês, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Olavo Feher
- Oncology Service, Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo, Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Oncology Center, Hospital Sírio Libanês, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gilberto de Castro
- Oncology Service, Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo, Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Oncology Center, Hospital Sírio Libanês, São Paulo, Brazil
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12
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Zhang W, Zeng W, Jiang A, He Z, Shen X, Dong X, Feng J, Lu H. Global, regional and national incidence, mortality and disability-adjusted life-years of skin cancers and trend analysis from 1990 to 2019: An analysis of the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. Cancer Med 2021; 10:4905-4922. [PMID: 34105887 PMCID: PMC8290243 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.4046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Information about global and local epidemiology and trends of skin cancers is limited, which increases the difficulty of cutaneous cancer control. METHODS To estimate the global spatial patterns and temporal trends of skin cancer burden. Based on the GBD 2019, we collected and analyzed numbers and age-standardized rates (ASR) of skin cancer incidence, disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) and mortality (ASIR, ASDR, and ASMR) in 204 countries from 1990 through 2019 were estimated by age, sex, subtype (malignant skin melanoma [MSM], squamous-cell carcinoma [SCC], and basal-cell carcinoma [BCC]), Socio-demographic Index (SDI), region, and country. Temporal trends in ASR were also analyzed using estimated annual percentage change. RESULTS Globally, in 2019, there were 4.0 million BCC, 2.4 million SCC, and 0.3 million MSM. There were approximately 62.8 thousand deaths and 1.7 million DALYs due to MSM, and 56.1 thousand deaths and 1.2 million DALYs were attributed to SCC, respectively. The men had higher ASR of skin cancer burden than women. The age-specific rates of global skin cancer burden were higher in the older adults, increasing trends observed from 55 years old. Geographically, the numbers and ASR of skin cancers varied greatly across countries, with the largest burden of ASIR in high SDI regions. However, an unexpected increase was observed in some regions from 1990 to 2019, such as East Asia, and Sub-Saharan Africa. Although there was a slight decrease of the ASMR and ASDR, the global ASIR of MSM dramatically increased, 1990-2019. Also, there was a remarkable increase in ASR of BCC and SCC burden. CONCLUSIONS Skin cancer remains a major global public health threat. Reducing morbidity and mortality strategies such as primary and secondary prevention should be reconsidered, especially in the most prevalent and unexpected increased regions, especially for those areas with the greatest proportions of their population over age 55.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- Department of DermatologyAffiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical UniversityGuiyangChina
- Department of ImmunologyBasic Medical SchoolGuizhou Medical UniversityGuiyangChina
| | - Wen Zeng
- Department of DermatologyAffiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical UniversityGuiyangChina
| | - Aofei Jiang
- School of ManagementDalian Polytechnic UniversityDalianChina
| | - Zhi He
- Department of DermatologyAffiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical UniversityGuiyangChina
| | - Xiaoping Shen
- Department of DermatologyAffiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical UniversityGuiyangChina
| | - Xian Dong
- Department of DermatologyAffiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical UniversityGuiyangChina
| | - Jianglong Feng
- Department of PathologyAffiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical UniversityGuiyangChina
| | - Hongguang Lu
- Department of DermatologyAffiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical UniversityGuiyangChina
- Department of ImmunologyBasic Medical SchoolGuizhou Medical UniversityGuiyangChina
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Duymus ME, Ipci O. Squamous-cell carcinoma due to mesh infection after umbilical hernia operation: third case of the literature. Scott Med J 2021; 66:158-161. [PMID: 34162241 DOI: 10.1177/00369330211027465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Polypropylene (PP) meshes are safe synthetic products used for hernia repairs and associated with minimal complication. Chronic inflammation is thought to play a pathophysiological role in the development of cancer.Case presentation: We present a 67-year-old female case of squamous cell-cancer (SCC) that developed due to mesh after umbilical hernia operation. The mass in the anterior abdominal wall was totally resected. Pathology was reported as T2N0, moderately differentiated acantholytic type SCC. No recurrence or complication was detected in the fourth-month follow-up. CONCLUSION Cancer development after mesh is very rare and our case is the third case in the literature. Cancer development should be kept in mind in patients presenting with ulcerated masses if do not regress with infection treatment after mesh application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Esat Duymus
- Medical Doctor, Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of General Surgery, Hatay State Hospital, Turkey
| | - Ozlem Ipci
- Medical Doctor, Division of Pathology, Hatay State Hospital, Turkey
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14
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Popovska M, Atanasovska-Stojanovska A, Todoroska S, Radojkova-Nikolovska V, Bedhxeti LZ, Spasovska-Gjorgovska A, Spasovski S, Ivanovska-Stojanoska M. Oral Lichen Planus - Related Connection with HLA-System Antigens. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 41:65-77. [PMID: 32573477 DOI: 10.2478/prilozi-2020-0024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
AIM To determine whether there is an immunogenic connection and antigen difference between the HLA antigens in the erosive (EOLP) and reticular (ROLP) oral lichen planus. MATERIALS AND METHOD 73 patients with ROLP and EOLP have been tested. Typing of the HLA antigens has been made for locus A and B. The typing of the HLA was conducted with the use of microlymphocyto toxic test by Terasaki. The reading of the findings has been conducted with an inverse microscope. When a reaction has 4 points it is considered to be positive. RESULTS The most frequently typified antigens in ROLP from locus A are HLA А2 (57.57%) and А3 (33.33)%, and for locus B 21.21%. In EOLP it is А9 (8888%). In locus B a connection has been found with HLA B8 (77.77%). The statistical analysis with the ×2 test has shown that the carriers of HLA A9 display a relative risk (RR) of 3.65 and ×2=20.72. Consequently, there is high static importance for locus A p<0,001. For locus B, In EOLP for HLA B8, RR=6. 7 ×2=37.64 and p<0,001. ROLP has shown association with HLA A3, where RR=2. 31 and ×2 =9.14 and p<0.05. CONCLUSIONS In ROLP A3 antigen and in EOLP A9 and A8 may be considered as carriers with proneness to OLP.
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Re A, Shersher D, Allen A, Schwarting R, Ren S. Malignant pleural neoplasm with both differentiation of epithelioid mesothelioma and squamous-cell carcinoma, a rare phenomena. Diagn Cytopathol 2020; 49:E234-E237. [PMID: 33347735 DOI: 10.1002/dc.24686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Malignant mesothelioma, a neoplasm arising within the serosal surfaces, has been linked closely to asbestos exposure. We present a case of 72-year-old male with a 27 year work-related history of asbestos exposure who presented with dyspnea. Chest computed tomography scan showed a large, right pleural effusion with compressive right lung atelectasis. Biopsies, subsequent pleurectomy and lung wedge resections revealed epithelioid malignant mesothelioma with associated focal non-keratinizing squamous-cell carcinoma, supported by extensive immunohistochemical stains and molecular studies. The patient was treated with 6 cycles of carboplatin/pemetrexed, showing no new metastases. Seven months post-treatment, the patient presented with progressive dyspnea and large pleural effusions. Bilateral pleural fluid was collected and showed malignant epithelioid cells, morphologically similar to the patient's pleural neoplastic cells. However, the tumor was positive for squamous cells markers and showed BAP1 loss, while negative for mesothelial markers. The findings support the diagnosis of squamous-cell carcinoma and were consistent with the patient's previously diagnosed pleural neoplastic origin. A malignant mesothelioma associated with squamous-cell carcinoma is a rare phenonmenon. To our knowledge, only two case reports are available in current literature. This unique case shows a single pleura tumor differentiating as both malignant mesothelioma and squamous-cell carcinoma. Squamous-cell carcinoma is the predominating malignancy seen within the bilateral pleural effusions, a potential pitfall for cytology specimen diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley Re
- Medical Student, Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, New Jersey, USA
| | - David Shersher
- Department of Thoracic surgery, Cooper University Hospital, Camden, New Jersey, USA
| | - Ashleigh Allen
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cooper University Hospital, Camden, New Jersey, USA
| | - Roland Schwarting
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cooper University Hospital, Camden, New Jersey, USA
| | - Shuyue Ren
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cooper University Hospital, Camden, New Jersey, USA
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Peng NJ, Hu C, Chiu YL, Yu CC, Li CJ, Sheu JJ, Chiang AJ. Detection of Recurrent Cervical Cancer and Prediction of Its Patient Survival with Serum Squamous-Cell Carcinoma-Antigen and 2-[ 18F] Fluoro-2-Deoxy-d-Glucose-Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography. Diagnostics (Basel) 2020; 10:E657. [PMID: 32878219 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics10090657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: To evaluate the usefulness of serum squamous-cell carcinoma antigen (SCC-Ag) and 2-[18F]fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose-positron emission tomography/computed tomography (FDG-PET/CT) for the detection of recurrent squamous-cell carcinoma (SqCC) of the uterine cervix, and its prediction of patient survival. Methods: FDG-PET/CT was performed for patients with serum SCC-Ag levels elevated to ≥1.5 ng/mL (Group 1) and those with suspicious recurrences without any increase in serum SCC-Ag levels (Group 2). The results were analyzed on the basis of histological data, disease progression and/or clinical follow-up. Recurrence was defined as evidence of recurrent lesions within 6 months of FDG-PET/CT. The outcome was determined using medical records. Results: In total, 88 consecutive patients with cervical SqCC cancer with suspected recurrence (62 in Group 1 and 26 in Group 2) were enrolled. Recurrences were observed in 55 patients (77.4% (48/62) in Group 1 vs. 26.9% (7/26) in Group 2, p < 0.001). The overall sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of serum SCC-Ag were 87.3%, 57.6% and 76.1%, respectively, and those of FDG-PET/CT were 98.2%, 90.9% and 95.5%, respectively; the corresponding values were 97.9%, 92.9% and 96.8% for Group 1 and 100%, 89.5% and 92.3% for Group 2. Surgical resection was performed for 16 patients. At the end of the study, 40.3% (25/62) of Group 1 patients and 88.5% (23/26) of Group 2 patients were alive (p < 0.001). The survival of patients who underwent surgical resection for recurrent tumors was higher than that of patients who did not undergo resection (62.5% (10/16) vs. 17.9% (7/39), p = 0.001). Metabolic tumor volume (MTV) and total lesion glycolysis (TLG) derived from FDG-PET/CT showed significantly different in-patient survival. Conclusions: Serum SCC-Ag could predict tumor recurrence and the survival of patients with SqCC cervical cancer. As such, the surgical resection of limited recurrent disease, as determined using FDG-PET/CT, might improve the survival of patients with cervical cancer. MTV and TLG may serve as a prognostic biomarker of survival in patients with recurrent cervical cancer.
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Karayannopoulou G, Panteris E, Kanitakis J. Tumour Budding Is an Independent Predictive Factor of Cutaneous Squamous-cell Carcinoma Aggressiveness. Anticancer Res 2020; 40:2695-2699. [PMID: 32366414 DOI: 10.21873/anticanres.14240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Tumour budding (TB), i.e. the presence of groups of ≤5 tumour cells ahead of the invasive tumour front, is a pathological feature associated with an aggressive outcome in several cancer types. The aim of this study was to assess the value of TB as an independent prognostic factor of cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas (cSCC). MATERIALS AND METHODS We studied 25 cases of aggressive cSCC (defined as tumours that developed local recurrences and/or metastases after adequate excision) and 27 cases of non-aggressive cSCC. TB was expressed as the mean number of tumour buds in 5 adjacent high-power fields (HPF). RESULTS Statistical analysis showed that TB is an independent predictive factor of cSCC aggressiveness. When the cut-off value of 0.8 buds/HPF was considered, the positive and negative predictive values for cSCC aggressiveness reached 77.3% and 75.0%, respectively. CONCLUSION As with other cancer types, TB appears to be a new independent pathological factor of aggressiveness of cSCC, providing a new tool to predict cSCC outcome, similar to other already established features associated with an adverse outcome (such as tumour size).
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgia Karayannopoulou
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, University Hospital AHEPA, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Eleftherios Panteris
- Laboratory of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Jean Kanitakis
- Department of Dermatology, Ed. Herriot Hospital Group, Lyon, France .,Department of Pathology, Lyon Sud Hospital, Pierre Bénite, France
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18
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Payabvash S, Chan A, Jabehdar Maralani P, Malhotra A. Quantitative diffusion magnetic resonance imaging for prediction of human papillomavirus status in head and neck squamous-cell carcinoma: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Neuroradiol J 2019; 32:232-240. [PMID: 31084347 DOI: 10.1177/1971400919849808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Head and neck squamous-cell carcinoma (HNSCC) related to human papillomavirus (HPV) infection represents a distinct biological and prognostic subtype compared to the HPV-negative form. Prior studies suggest a correlation between the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values on diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) of primary tumor lesion and HPV status in HNSCC. In this meta-analysis, we compared the average ADC of primary lesion between HPV-positive and HPV-negative HNSCC. METHODS A comprehensive literature search of PubMed and Embase was performed. Studies comparing the average ADC on echo-planar DWI of primary tumor lesions between HPV-positive and HPV-negative HNSCC were included. The standardized mean difference was calculated using fixed- and random-effects models. Tau-squared estimates of total heterogeneity and Higgins inconsistency index (I2 test) were determined. RESULTS A total of five studies, pooling data of 264 patients, were included for meta-analysis. Among these five studies, three had included oral cavity, hypopharyngeal, and/or laryngeal HNSCC in addition to oropharyngeal subsite. Primary lesions were comprised of 185 HPV-negative and 79 HPV-positive HNSCC. The meta-analysis showed lower average ADC values in HPV-positive HNSCC compared to the HPV-negative form, with a standardized mean difference of 0.961 (95% confidence interval 0.644-1.279; p < 0.0001). Since there was no significant heterogeneity in analysis (p = 0.3852), both random- and fixed-effects models resulted in the same estimates of overall effect. CONCLUSIONS HPV-positive HNSCC primary lesions have a lower average ADC compared to the HPV-negative form, highlighting the potential application of quantitative diffusion magnetic resonance imaging as a noninvasive imaging biomarker for prediction of HPV status.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aimee Chan
- 2 Department of Medical Imaging, University of Toronto, Canada
| | | | - Ajay Malhotra
- 1 Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, USA
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Elicin O, Cihoric N, Vlaskou Badra E, Ozsahin M. Emerging patient-specific treatment modalities in head and neck cancer - a systematic review. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2019; 28:365-376. [PMID: 30760055 DOI: 10.1080/13543784.2019.1582642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Head and neck cancer (HNC) is an immunosuppressive disease that demonstrates heterogeneous molecular characteristics and features of tumor-host interaction. Beside radiotherapy and surgery, the current standard of care in systemic treatment involves the use of cytotoxic chemotherapy, monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), and tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). There are also other modalities being developed under the category of immunotherapy, but they are overshadowed by the recent advancements of immune checkpoint inhibitors. AREAS COVERED This systematic review covers recent advancements in 'patient-specific' treatment modalities, which can be only administered to a given patient. EXPERT OPINION Currently, patient-specific treatment modalities in HNC mainly consist of active immunotherapy using adoptive cell therapies and/or gene engineered vectors. Despite the slow pace of development, the interest continues in these treatment modalities. The future of HNC treatment is expected to be guided by biomarkers and personalized approaches with tailored combinations of local treatments (radiotherapy, surgery), systemic agents and immune system modulation. Systematic research is required to generate robust data and obtain a high-level of evidence for the effectiveness of such treatment modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olgun Elicin
- a Department of Radiation Oncology , Inselspital, Bern University Hospital and University of Bern , Bern , Switzerland
| | - Nikola Cihoric
- a Department of Radiation Oncology , Inselspital, Bern University Hospital and University of Bern , Bern , Switzerland
| | - Eugenia Vlaskou Badra
- a Department of Radiation Oncology , Inselspital, Bern University Hospital and University of Bern , Bern , Switzerland
| | - Mahmut Ozsahin
- b Department of Radiation Oncology , University of Lausanne, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV) , Lausanne , Switzerland
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Koletsa T, Petrakis G, Karayannopoulou G, Euvrard S, Kanitakis J. mTOR Signalling Pathway-protein Expression in Post-transplant Cutaneous Squamous-cell Carcinomas Before and After Conversion to mTOR-inhibitors. Anticancer Res 2018; 38:3319-3322. [PMID: 29848679 DOI: 10.21873/anticanres.12597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2018] [Revised: 04/29/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Inhibitors of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTORis) exert immunosuppressive and antitumor effects and are used in organ-transplant recipients (OTR) as immunosuppressants able to reduce skin tumor burden. This study investigated the effects of mTORis on the expression of mTOR pathway proteins in cutaneous squamous-cell carcinomas (SCC) developing in OTR, before and after switching to mTORis. MATERIALS AND METHODS An immunohistochemical study was performed on 23 SCC sections excised from OTR with post-transplant SCC, before or after switch to mTORis, with antibodies against pAkt, pmTOR and PI3K. RESULTS pmTOR expression was found in 8/12 SCC pre-switch, and in 8/11 SCC post-switch, to mTORis. All (but 2) SCC expressed PI3K, and all SCCs expressed pAkt. CONCLUSION mTORis do not significantly change the immunohistochemical expression of molecules upstream of the mTOR inhibition (pmTOR, PI3K, pAkt), in cutaneous SCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Triantafyllia Koletsa
- Department of Pathology, AHEPA Hospital, Aristotelian University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Georgios Petrakis
- Department of Pathology, AHEPA Hospital, Aristotelian University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Georgia Karayannopoulou
- Department of Pathology, AHEPA Hospital, Aristotelian University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Sylvie Euvrard
- Department of Dermatology, Ed. Herriot Hospital, Lyon, France
| | - Jean Kanitakis
- Department of Dermatology, Ed. Herriot Hospital, Lyon, France .,Department of Pathology, Ed. Herriot Hospital, Lyon, France
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21
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Bidinotto LT, Véo CAR, Loaiza EA, Ribeiro GG, Lorenzi AT, Rosa LAR, De Oliveira CM, Levi JE, Scapulatempo-Neto C, Longatto-Filho A, Reis RM. Loss of Raf kinase inhibitor protein expression is associated with human papillomavirus 16 infection in anal tumors. Oncol Lett 2018; 16:1785-1790. [PMID: 30008866 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.8828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
There has been an increase in the incidence of anal cancer in the past two decades, with squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) being the most frequent histological type identified. Among the risk factors, high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is the most pervasive. Raf kinase inhibitor protein (RKIP) is expressed in a number of normal human tissues and previous studies have demonstrated the prognostic value of the loss of RKIP expression in several gastrointestinal tumors. Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate the clinical implications of RKIP expression in a series of neoplastic lesions of the anal canal. The resected tumors of 48 patients [8 high-grade intraepithelial lesions (HSILs), 14 adenocarcinomas and 26 squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs)] were immunohistochemically evaluated for RKIP expression, and the results were correlated with clinicopathological data. The results identified a decreased 5-year overall survival rate in patients with adenocarcinoma (40.8%) compared with patients with SCC (76.7%), and a decreased 5-year disease-free survival rate in patients at clinical stages III/IV (37.3 vs. 62.5 and 82.6% for clinical stages 0 and I/II, respectively). Low RKIP expression was revealed in 62.5% of HSILs, 88.5% of SCCs and 100.0% of the adenocarcinomas. High RKIP expression was associated with patient ethnicity (37.5% in non-Caucasians vs. 7.5% in Caucasians) and patient age (33.3% in younger patients vs. 0.0% in older patients). Finally, high RKIP expression was correlated with HPV16 infection status (40% in HPV- vs. 5.3% in HPV+ patients). A correlation was identified between high RKIP expression and lesions with a generally improved prognosis, such as those diagnosed in younger patients, in situ lesions and lesions of lower clinical grades; there was also a negative correlation between high RKIP expression and HPV16 positivity in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Tadeu Bidinotto
- Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos, SP 14784 400, Portugal.,Human and Experimental Biology Department, Barretos School of Health Sciences, Dr. Paulo Prata - FACISB, Barretos, SP 14785 002, Portugal
| | - Carlos A R Véo
- Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos, SP 14784 400, Portugal
| | - Edgar Aleman Loaiza
- Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos, SP 14784 400, Portugal
| | - Guilherme G Ribeiro
- Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos, SP 14784 400, Portugal
| | - Adriana T Lorenzi
- Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos, SP 14784 400, Portugal
| | - Luciana Albina Reis Rosa
- Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP 05403 000, Portugal
| | - Cristina Mendes De Oliveira
- Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP 05403 000, Portugal
| | - José Eduardo Levi
- Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP 05403 000, Portugal
| | - Cristovam Scapulatempo-Neto
- Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos, SP 14784 400, Portugal.,Department of Pathology, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos, SP 14784 400, Brazil
| | - Adhemar Longatto-Filho
- Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos, SP 14784 400, Portugal.,Life and Health Sciences Research Institute, School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Braga 4704 553, Portugal.,3B's (Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics) Research Group, Portugal Government Associate Laboratory, Braga 4806 909, Portugal
| | - Rui Manuel Reis
- Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos, SP 14784 400, Portugal.,Life and Health Sciences Research Institute, School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Braga 4704 553, Portugal.,3B's (Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics) Research Group, Portugal Government Associate Laboratory, Braga 4806 909, Portugal
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22
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Federman DG, Holleck JL. Auricular Acupuncture and Skin-Cancer Detection: An Opportunity. Med Acupunct 2018; 30:39-40. [PMID: 29410720 DOI: 10.1089/acu.2017.1261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Auricular acupuncture is effective for many patients with pain. Many skin malignancies and precancerous lesions are found on the head and neck. Practitioners of acupuncture are in a unique situation to detect cutaneous malignancy at an early state. Case: An 83-year-old man referred for Battlefield Acupuncture was found to have a scalp lesion suspicious for malignancy as well as several precancerous lesions. Results: Referral to a dermatologist led to excision of a basal-cell cancer and treatment of actinic keratoses. Conclusions: Practitioners of auricular acupuncture should be familiar with common skin cancers and precancerous lesions; these practitioners are in a unique situation to detect these common skin lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel G Federman
- Department of Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, and VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT
| | - Jurgen L Holleck
- Department of Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, and VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT
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Dizdar L, Jünemann LM, Werner TA, Verde PE, Baldus SE, Stoecklein NH, Knoefel WT, Krieg A. Clinicopathological and functional implications of the inhibitor of apoptosis proteins survivin and XIAP in esophageal cancer. Oncol Lett 2018; 15:3779-3789. [PMID: 29467895 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.7755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Based on their overexpression and important roles in progression and therapy-resistance in malignant diseases, the inhibitor of apoptosis protein family (IAP) members, survivin and X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP), represent attractive candidates for targeted therapy. The present study investigated the prognostic and biological relevance of survivin and XIAP in esophageal squamous-cell carcinoma (ESCC) and esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC). Survivin and XIAP expression was analyzed by immunohistochemistry using tissue microarrays containing 120 ESCC and 90 EAC samples as well as the corresponding non-neoplastic esophageal mucosa samples. IAP expression levels were then correlated to clinicopathological parameters and overall survival to identify any associations. In addition, esophageal cancer cell lines were treated with the survivin inhibitor YM155, and the XIAP inhibitors Birinapant and GDC-0152 in vitro. Survivin and XIAP expression were significantly increased in EAC and ESCC when compared with tumor-adjacent mucosa. In patients with ESCC XIAP expression was associated with female gender and advanced tumor stages, and nuclear survivin expression was associated with poor grading. High XIAP expression was identified as an independent negative prognostic marker in ESCC. By contrast, XIAP inhibitors did not affect cancer cell viability in vitro, and the small molecule survivin inhibitor YM155 significantly reduced cell viability and proliferation in esophageal cancer cell lines. Western blot analysis revealed a dose dependent decrease of survivin accompanied by an increased poly (adenosine diphosphate-ribose) polymerase cleavage following YM155 treatment. These findings underline the potential role of survivin and XIAP in the oncogenesis of esophageal cancer and provide a rationale for future clinical studies investigating the therapeutic efficacy of IAP directed therapies in patients with esophageal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Levent Dizdar
- Department of Surgery (A), Heinrich-Heine-University and University Hospital Düsseldorf, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Lisa M Jünemann
- Department of Surgery (A), Heinrich-Heine-University and University Hospital Düsseldorf, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Thomas A Werner
- Department of Surgery (A), Heinrich-Heine-University and University Hospital Düsseldorf, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Pablo E Verde
- Coordination Centre for Clinical Trials, Heinrich-Heine-University and University Hospital Düsseldorf, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Stephan E Baldus
- Institute of Pathology, Cytology and Molecular Pathology, D-51465 Bergisch Gladbach, Germany
| | - Nikolas H Stoecklein
- Department of Surgery (A), Heinrich-Heine-University and University Hospital Düsseldorf, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Wolfram T Knoefel
- Department of Surgery (A), Heinrich-Heine-University and University Hospital Düsseldorf, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Andreas Krieg
- Department of Surgery (A), Heinrich-Heine-University and University Hospital Düsseldorf, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
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24
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Karayannopoulou G, Euvrard S, Kanitakis J. Tumour Budding Correlates with Aggressiveness of Cutaneous Squamous-cell Carcinoma. Anticancer Res 2017; 36:4781-5. [PMID: 27630328 DOI: 10.21873/anticanres.11036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 07/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Tumour budding (TB) is a specific pathological feature that has been found to be associated with an aggressive outcome in several cancer types; however, to our knowledge, TB has not yet been assessed in squamous-cell carcinomas of the skin (SCC). The aim of the study was to study whether TB correlates with aggressiveness in cutaneous SCC. MATERIALS AND METHODS We examined 31 aggressive SCC (that later developed local recurrences or metastases) in comparison with 21 non-aggressive SCC (not complicated by recurrence or metastasis). TB was expressed as the mean number of tumour buds in five adjacent high-power fields of each SCC. RESULTS Aggressive SCC had a much higher TB score compared to control SCC (1.63±1.35 vs. 0.49±0.9, p<0.001). CONCLUSION As with other cancer types, TB seems to be a pathological marker of aggressiveness of cutaneous SCC, along with other features known to be associated with an aggressive outcome (tumour thickness, level of invasion and lymphovascular or perineural invasion). Further studies including a larger number of tumours will hopefully validate TB as a new pathological predictor of aggressiveness in cutaneous SCC and will allow its correlation with other pathological features of SCC aggressiveness to be defined.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sylvie Euvrard
- Department of Dermatology, Edouard Herriot Hospital Group, Lyon, France
| | - Jean Kanitakis
- Department of Dermatology, Edouard Herriot Hospital Group, Lyon, France Department of Pathology, Edouard Herriot Hospital Group, Lyon, France
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25
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Abstract
RATIONALE Pseudoprogression, that is, initial tumor growth followed by subsequent tumor regression, has been well described for immunomodulation therapy in melanoma patients. This phenomenon is not well defined in lung cancer. Nivolumab, an anti-PD-1 monoclonal antibody, was recently approved for nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) as a second-line therapy. PATIENT CONCERNS AND DIAGNOSIS We present a patient with squamous NSCLC, suffering from multiple bone and subcutaneous metastases. INTERVENTIONS The patient was treated with nivolumab. OUTCOMES A subcutaneous lesion in her upper back grew substantially after the first cycle of nivolumab, and later regressed, with marked improvement in all cancer sites. LESSONS Such pseudoprogression may serve to predict subsequent clinical response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Sarfaty
- Institute of Oncology, Davidoff Cancer Center, Rabin Medical Center, Petach Tikva
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Assaf Moore
- Institute of Oncology, Davidoff Cancer Center, Rabin Medical Center, Petach Tikva
| | - Elizabeth Dudnik
- Institute of Oncology, Davidoff Cancer Center, Rabin Medical Center, Petach Tikva
| | - Nir Peled
- Institute of Oncology, Davidoff Cancer Center, Rabin Medical Center, Petach Tikva
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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Abstract
PATIENTS A 29-year-old Caucasian woman (patient 1) and a 23-year-old Caucasian woman (patient 2).Chief Complaints: Abnormal Pap tests with high risk HPV positivity. HISTORY OF PRESENT ILLNESS PATIENT 1 In June 2014, this patient was diagnosed with atypical squamous cells of uncertain significance (ASCUS) after a routine screening cervical Papanicolaou (Pap) test. Reflex high risk human papilloma virus (HPV) testing was performed; the results were positive (genotyping was not performed). Subsequent endocervical curettage showed a small focus of immature, atypical squamous cells with abnormally positive p16 staining and an abnormally increased proliferative index staining pattern (evaluated with Ki-67) (Images 1A-1C). These findings strongly suggested a high-grade lesion; nevertheless, due to the minute and focal nature of these findings, a diagnosis was rendered of squamous dysplasia, cannot exclude high grade dysplasia. Additional follow-up was recommended, and the option of a fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) assay (HPV-4C, using reagent manufactured by Cancer Genetics Italia S.r.l.) was also suggested as a method of triage to be performed using the same Thinprep collection media used to create the Pap test. The results of the FISH assay were positive, with 6.6% of cells showing gain of the 3q26 region (Image 1D). With this knowledge, the gynecologist performed a cervical loop electrosurgical excision procedure (LEEP), which revealed moderate squamous dysplasia (cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2 [CIN 2]) supported by strong and abnormal p16/Ki-67 co-expression (Images 1E-1G). PATIENT 2: In June 2013, this patient was diagnosed with atypical glandular cells (AGUS) and was shown to have high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) positivity. (Again, genotyping was not performed.) The subsequent biopsy showed mild reactive atypia of the glandular cells, which did not completely correlate with the atypical cells revealed by the Papanicolaou (Pap) test. Therefore, further follow-up was recommended. A fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) assay was performed on the specimen assayed via the AGUS Pap test; the FISH assay yielded positive results, showing many cells with a gain of 3q26 and 5p15 regions above the established cutoff values. A repeat Pap test was performed, which also was interpreted as indicating AGUS. Results of a second HPV-4C FISH assay showed numerous (14.6%) cells with a gain of 3q26 and 5p15 regions (Image 2A). Repeat cervical and endocervical biopsies showed scant atypical glands in otherwise-generous biopsies (Image 2B). Supported by abnormal p16 and Ki-67 immunohistochemical staining results (Image 2C and 2D) and the knowledge of the abnormal FISH assay results, the pathologist diagnosed the patient with endocervical adenocarcinoma in situ (AIS). The results of a subsequent LEEP confirmed the diagnosis of endocervical adenocarcinoma in situ with negative resection margins. LABORATORY FINDINGS Abnormal Papanicolaou (Pap) test results with high risk of human papilloma virus (HPV) positivity and scant lesional tissue, as revealed by cervical/endocervical biopsies.
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27
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Zhan C, Zhang Y, Ma J, Wang L, Jiang W, Shi Y, Wang Q. Identification of reference genes for qRT-PCR in human lung squamous-cell carcinoma by RNA-Seq. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2014; 46:330-7. [PMID: 24457517 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmt153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the accuracy of quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) is highly dependent on the reliable reference genes, many commonly used reference genes are not stably expressed and as such are not suitable for quantification and normalization of qRT-PCR data. The aim of this study was to identify novel reliable reference genes in lung squamous-cell carcinoma. We used RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) to survey the whole genome expression in 5 lung normal samples and 44 lung squamous-cell carcinoma samples. We evaluated the expression profiles of 15 commonly used reference genes and identified five additional candidate reference genes. To validate the RNA-Seq dataset, we used qRT-PCR to verify the expression levels of these 20 genes in a separate set of 100 pairs of normal lung tissue and lung squamous-cell carcinoma samples, and then analyzed these results using geNorm and NormFinder. With respect to 14 of the 15 common reference genes (B2M, GAPDH, GUSB, HMBS, HPRT1, IPO8, PGK1, POLR2A, PPIA, RPLP0, TBP, TFRC, UBC, and YWHAZ), the expression levels were either too low to be easily detected, or exhibited a high degree of variability either between lung normal and squamous-cell carcinoma samples, or even among samples of the same tissue type. In contrast, 1 of the 15 common reference genes (ACTB) and the 5 additional candidate reference genes (EEF1A1, FAU, RPS9, RPS11, and RPS14) were stably and constitutively expressed at high levels in all the samples tested. ACTB, EEF1A1, FAU, RPS9, RPS11, and RPS14 are ideal reference genes for qRT-PCR analysis of lung squamous-cell carcinoma, while 14 commonly used qRT-PCR reference genes are less appropriate in this context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Zhan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China
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28
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Gulati HK, Deshmukh SD, Anand M, Morale V, Pande DP, Jadhav SE. Low-grade malignant proliferating pilar tumor simulating a squamous-cell carcinoma in an elderly female: a case report and immunohistochemical study. Int J Trichology 2012; 3:98-101. [PMID: 22223970 PMCID: PMC3250030 DOI: 10.4103/0974-7753.90818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A 65-year-old lady presented with an ulcerated lesion over the occipital region of nine-year duration, an incisional biopsy of which was reported as squamous-cell carcinoma. A wide local excision was performed and the tissue was sent for histopathological examination which revealed a low-grade malignant pilar tumor. Focal invasion and atypia were noted. Immunohistochemical (IHC) analysis revealed positivity for CD34 and calretinin immunomarkers favoring outer root sheath origin. Ki67 immunostains revealed a relatively low immunoreactivity indicating the low-grade nature of the tumor; however, p53 immunostain showed strong diffuse nuclear staining confirming the malignant nature of the tumor. Proliferating pilartumors (PPT) are rare tumors and less than 100 well-documented cases of malignant PPT have been reported so far in the literature. These tumors have been recently classified into benign, low- and high-grade malignant tumors and statistically significant difference was found in their biological behavior. However, we propose that IHC can be of immense value in assisting the subtyping of the tumor, so that the behavior and role of adjuvant therapy can be validated in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harveen Kaur Gulati
- Department of Pathology, Smt. Kashibai Navale Medical College & General Hospital, Narhe, Pune, Maharashtra, India.
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29
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Abstract
Among 104 cases of squamous-cell oesophageal carcinoma patients and 277 controls in Taiwan, after adjusting for cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption, and other confounders, we found that subjects who chewed from 1 to 495 betel-year and more than 495 betel-years (about 20 betel quid per day for 20 years) had 3.6-fold (95% Cl = 1.3-10.1) and 9.2-fold risk (95% Cl = 1.8-46.7), respectively, of developing oesophageal cancer, compared to those who did not chew betel.
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Affiliation(s)
- M T Wu
- Division of Environmental Health and Occupational Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
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30
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Soria JC, Morat L, Commo F, Dabit D, Perie S, Sabatier L, Fouret P. Telomerase activation cooperates with inactivation of p16 in early head and neck tumorigenesis. Br J Cancer 2001; 84:504-11. [PMID: 11207046 PMCID: PMC2363771 DOI: 10.1054/bjoc.2000.1647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Alteration of the p16/pRb pathway may cooperate with telomerase activation during cellular immortalization and tumour progression. We studied p16 expression status by immunohistochemistry and telomerase activity using the TRAP assay in 21 premalignant lesions of the head and neck epithelium as well as 27 squamous-cell carcinomas. We also examined expression of other components of the pathway (cyclin D1 and pRb) as well as presence of human papillomavirus genomes which can target these molecules. 4 of 9 mild dysplastic lesions (44%), 8 of 12 moderate/severe dysplastic lesions (67%), and 25 of 27 squamous-cell carcinomas (92%) demonstrated high telomerase activity (P = 0.009). There was a parallel increase with severity of lesions for the trend in proportions of cases demonstrating p16 inactivation or cyclin D1 overexpression (P = 0.02 and P = 0.01, respectively). For Ki67, a marker of cell proliferation, this trend was not significant (P = 0.08). Human papillomavirus infection was only found in 4 cases among the 48 samples tested (8.3%). In conclusion, progression of disease is accompanied by a parallel and continuous increase in telomerase activity and alterations in cell cycle regulators (p16, cyclin D1), as proposed by in vitro models.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Soria
- Service d'Anatomie Pathologique (Pr. P. CALLARD), Hôpital Tenon, UFR Saint-Antoine, Paris, France
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31
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Abstract
Risk factors for non-melanoma skin cancer among populations with evidence of precursor damage are not well described. We examined and compared risk factors associated with the development of cutaneous basal-cell (BCC) or squamous-cell (SCC) carcinoma among a group of 918 adults with significant sun damage (> or = 10 clinically assessable actinic keratoses) but no prior history of skin cancer. These adults were participants in a 5-year skin chemoprevention trial between 1985 and 1992, who had been randomized to the placebo group and followed for occurrence of skin cancer. During the study, a total of 129 first SCC and 164 first BCC lesions were diagnosed. The overall BCC and SCC incidence rates for this group of men and women, mean age 61 years, were 4,106 and 3,198 per 100,000 person-years, respectively. Different constitutional and exposure factors were independently associated with BCC compared to SCC. Only increased age independently predicted BCC occurrence among this population. In contrast, older age along with male gender, natural red hair color and adult residence in Arizona for 10 or more years independently predicted SCC occurrence. The substantial incidence of skin cancer found among this population confirms the need for active dermatological monitoring among individuals with multiple visible actinic lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Foote
- Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.
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32
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Kerrebijn JD, Balm AJ, Knegt PP, Meeuwis CA, Drexhage HA. Macrophage and dendritic cell infiltration in head and neck squamous-cell carcinoma; an immunohistochemical study. Cancer Immunol Immunother 1994; 38:31-7. [PMID: 8299116 PMCID: PMC11038436 DOI: 10.1007/bf01517167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/1993] [Accepted: 09/20/1993] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
A study was undertaken to help us reach a better understanding of the tumor-infiltrating pattern of lymphoid cells and in particular of monocyte-derived cells, namely the CD68+, acid-phosphatase-expressing scavenger macrophages and the MHC-class-II- and S100-antigen-presenting dendritic cells in head and neck squamous-cell carcinoma. In the stroma of the tumors distinctive small fields of lymphocytes were found, the T cell areas of these fields being intermingled with dendritic cells. Intra-epithelial dendritic cell infiltration was low. The infiltrative pattern of macrophages was similar to patterns described in earlier studies with substantial stromal invasion and inconsistent intra-epithelial invasion, but small granuloma-like structures of CD68+ macrophage-like cells, found in the stroma of tumors, have not been reported before. The histochemical localization of the tumor-infiltrated dendritic cells and macrophages supports the view that the former cells are involved in the sensitization to tumor antigens, whereas the latter cells are involved in tumor cytotoxicity/scavenging of tumor cell debris. Although it has been shown in the past that transmembranal (TM) factors (p15E-like factors) present in the serum and tumor of patients with cancer of the head and neck have suppressive effects on monocyte/macrophage/dendritic cell function, a relationship between the intensity of epithelial staining for TM factors and the infiltrative pattern of monocytes/macrophages/dendritic cells could not be demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- J D Kerrebijn
- Department of Otolaryngology, University Hospital Dijkzigt, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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