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McFadden E, Monticelli SR, Wang A, Ramamohan AR, Batchelor TG, Kuehne AI, Bakken RR, Tse AL, Chandran K, Herbert AS, McLellan JS. Engineering, structure, and immunogenicity of a Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus pre-fusion heterotrimeric glycoprotein complex. bioRxiv 2024:2024.04.20.590419. [PMID: 38659837 PMCID: PMC11042304 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.20.590419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) is a tick-borne virus that can cause severe disease in humans with case fatality rates of 10-40%. Although structures of CCHFV glycoproteins GP38 and Gc have provided insights into viral entry and defined epitopes of neutralizing and protective antibodies, the structure of glycoprotein Gn and its interactions with GP38 and Gc have remained elusive. Here, we used structure-guided protein engineering to produce a stabilized GP38-Gn-Gc heterotrimeric glycoprotein complex (GP38-GnH-DS-Gc). A cryo-EM structure of this complex provides the molecular basis for GP38's association on the viral surface, reveals the structure of Gn, and demonstrates that GP38-Gn restrains the Gc fusion loops in the prefusion conformation, facilitated by an N-linked glycan attached to Gn. Immunization with GP38-GnH-DS-Gc conferred 40% protection against lethal IbAr10200 challenge in mice. These data define the architecture of a GP38-Gn-Gc protomer and provide a template for structure-guided vaccine antigen development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth McFadden
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Stephanie R. Monticelli
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, MD, USA
- The Geneva Foundation, Tacoma, WA, USA
| | - Albert Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Ajit R. Ramamohan
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Thomas G. Batchelor
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, MD, USA
- Oak Ridge Institute of Science Education, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - Ana I. Kuehne
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, MD, USA
| | - Russell R. Bakken
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, MD, USA
| | - Alexandra L. Tse
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Kartik Chandran
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Andrew S. Herbert
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, MD, USA
| | - Jason S. McLellan
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
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2
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Wirchnianski AS, Nyakatura EK, Herbert AS, Kuehne AI, Abbasi SA, Florez C, Storm N, McKay LGA, Dailey L, Kuang E, Abelson DM, Wec AZ, Chakraborti S, Holtsberg FW, Shulenin S, Bornholdt ZA, Aman MJ, Honko AN, Griffiths A, Dye JM, Chandran K, Lai JR. Design and characterization of protective pan-ebolavirus and pan-filovirus bispecific antibodies. PLoS Pathog 2024; 20:e1012134. [PMID: 38603762 PMCID: PMC11037526 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1012134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are an important class of antiviral therapeutics. MAbs are highly selective, well tolerated, and have long in vivo half-life as well as the capacity to induce immune-mediated virus clearance. Their activities can be further enhanced by integration of their variable fragments (Fvs) into bispecific antibodies (bsAbs), affording simultaneous targeting of multiple epitopes to improve potency and breadth and/or to mitigate against viral escape by a single mutation. Here, we explore a bsAb strategy for generation of pan-ebolavirus and pan-filovirus immunotherapeutics. Filoviruses, including Ebola virus (EBOV), Sudan virus (SUDV), and Marburg virus (MARV), cause severe hemorrhagic fever. Although there are two FDA-approved mAb therapies for EBOV infection, these do not extend to other filoviruses. Here, we combine Fvs from broad ebolavirus mAbs to generate novel pan-ebolavirus bsAbs that are potently neutralizing, confer protection in mice, and are resistant to viral escape. Moreover, we combine Fvs from pan-ebolavirus mAbs with those of protective MARV mAbs to generate pan-filovirus protective bsAbs. These results provide guidelines for broad antiviral bsAb design and generate new immunotherapeutic candidates.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Mice
- Antibodies, Bispecific/immunology
- Antibodies, Bispecific/pharmacology
- Antibodies, Bispecific/therapeutic use
- Ebolavirus/immunology
- Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola/immunology
- Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola/prevention & control
- Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola/virology
- Antibodies, Viral/immunology
- Humans
- Filoviridae/immunology
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/immunology
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/therapeutic use
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/immunology
- Female
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Filoviridae Infections/immunology
- Filoviridae Infections/therapy
- Filoviridae Infections/prevention & control
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariel S. Wirchnianski
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Elisabeth K. Nyakatura
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
| | - Andrew S. Herbert
- Virology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
- The Geneva Foundation, Tacoma, Washington, United States of America
| | - Ana I. Kuehne
- Virology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Shawn A. Abbasi
- Virology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
- The Geneva Foundation, Tacoma, Washington, United States of America
| | - Catalina Florez
- Virology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
- The Geneva Foundation, Tacoma, Washington, United States of America
| | - Nadia Storm
- Department of Virology, Immunology, and Microbiology; and National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Lindsay G. A. McKay
- Department of Virology, Immunology, and Microbiology; and National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Leandrew Dailey
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
| | - Erin Kuang
- Mapp Biopharmaceutical Inc., San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Dafna M. Abelson
- Mapp Biopharmaceutical Inc., San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Anna Z. Wec
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Srinjoy Chakraborti
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
| | | | - Sergey Shulenin
- Integrated BioTherapeutics, Inc., Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
| | | | - M. Javad Aman
- Integrated BioTherapeutics, Inc., Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Anna N. Honko
- Department of Virology, Immunology, and Microbiology; and National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Anthony Griffiths
- Department of Virology, Immunology, and Microbiology; and National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - John M. Dye
- Virology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Kartik Chandran
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Jonathan R. Lai
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
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3
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Shin OS, Monticelli SR, Hjorth CK, Hornet V, Doyle M, Abelson D, Kuehne AI, Wang A, Bakken RR, Mishra A, Middlecamp M, Champney E, Stuart L, Maurer DP, Li J, Berrigan J, Barajas J, Balinandi S, Lutwama JJ, Lobel L, Zeitlin L, Walker LM, Dye JM, Chandran K, Herbert AS, Pauli NT, McLellan JS. Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Survivors Elicit Protective Non-Neutralizing Antibodies that Target 11 Overlapping Regions on Viral Glycoprotein GP38. bioRxiv 2024:2024.03.02.583110. [PMID: 38496658 PMCID: PMC10942344 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.02.583110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus can cause lethal disease in humans yet there are no approved medical countermeasures. Viral glycoprotein GP38, unique to Nairoviridae, is a target of protective antibodies, but extensive mapping of the human antibody response to GP38 has not been previously performed. Here, we isolated 188 GP38-specific antibodies from human survivors of infection. Competition experiments showed that these antibodies bind across five distinct antigenic sites, encompassing eleven overlapping regions. Additionally, we reveal structures of GP38 bound with nine of these antibodies targeting different antigenic sites. Although GP38-specific antibodies were non-neutralizing, several antibodies were found to have protection equal to or better than murine antibody 13G8 in two highly stringent rodent models of infection. Together, these data expand our understanding regarding this important viral protein and inform the development of broadly effective CCHFV antibody therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stephanie R. Monticelli
- U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, MD 21702, USA
- Geneva Foundation, Tacoma, WA 98042, USA
| | - Christy K. Hjorth
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | | | | | - Dafna Abelson
- Mapp Biopharmaceutical, Inc., San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Ana I. Kuehne
- U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Albert Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Russell R. Bakken
- U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Akaash Mishra
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | | | | | - Lauran Stuart
- Mapp Biopharmaceutical, Inc., San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | | | | | - Jacob Berrigan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | | | | | | | - Leslie Lobel
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Larry Zeitlin
- Mapp Biopharmaceutical, Inc., San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | | | - John M. Dye
- U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Kartik Chandran
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Andrew S. Herbert
- U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, MD 21702, USA
| | | | - Jason S. McLellan
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
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4
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Sobarzo A, Mone Y, Lang S, Gelkop S, Brangel P, Kuehne AI, McKendry RA, Mell JC, Ahmed A, Davis C, Dye JM, Lutwama JJ, Lobel L, Veas F, Ehrlich GD. Long-term Sudan virus Ebola survivors maintain multiple antiviral defense mechanisms. J Infect Dis 2023:jiad555. [PMID: 38066574 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiad555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The critical issues of sustained memory immunity following ebolavirus disease among long-term survivors (EVD) are still unclear. METHODS Here, we examine virus-specific immune and inflammatory responses in 12 Sudan virus (SUDV) long-term survivors from Uganda's 2000-1 Gulu outbreak, 15 years after recovery following in vitro challenge. Total RNA from isolated SUDV-stimulated and unstimulated PBMCs was extracted and analyzed. Matched serum samples were also collected to determine SUDV IgG levels and functionality. RESULTS We detected persistent humoral (58%, 7 of 12) and cellular (33%, 4 of 12) immune responses in SUDV long-term survivors and identified critical molecular mechanisms of innate and adaptive immunity. Gene expression in immune pathways, the IFN signaling system, antiviral defense response, and activation and regulation of T- and B-cell responses were observed. SUDV long-term survivors also maintained robust virus-specific IgG antibodies capable of polyfunctional responses, including neutralizing and innate Fc effector functions. CONCLUSIONS Data integration identified significant correlations among humoral and cellular immune responses and pinpointed a specific innate and adaptive gene expression signature associated with long-lasting immunity. This could help identify natural and vaccine correlates of protection against ebolavirus disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariel Sobarzo
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel
- The Pre-Clinical Research Center, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel
| | - Yves Mone
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Center for Genomic Sciences and Center for Advanced Microbial Processing, Institute for Molecular Medicine and Infectious Disease, Drexel University College of Medicine, 245 N 15th Street, Philadelphia, PA 19102, USA
| | - Steven Lang
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Center for Genomic Sciences and Center for Advanced Microbial Processing, Institute for Molecular Medicine and Infectious Disease, Drexel University College of Medicine, 245 N 15th Street, Philadelphia, PA 19102, USA
| | - Sigal Gelkop
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel
| | - Polina Brangel
- London Centre for Nanotechnology and Division of Medicine, University College London, London WC1E 6B, UK
| | - Ana I Kuehne
- U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1425 Porter St, Fort Detrick, MD 21702-5011, USA
| | - Rachel A McKendry
- London Centre for Nanotechnology and Division of Medicine, University College London, London WC1E 6B, UK
| | - Joshua Chang Mell
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Center for Genomic Sciences and Center for Advanced Microbial Processing, Institute for Molecular Medicine and Infectious Disease, Drexel University College of Medicine, 245 N 15th Street, Philadelphia, PA 19102, USA
| | - Azad Ahmed
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Center for Genomic Sciences and Center for Advanced Microbial Processing, Institute for Molecular Medicine and Infectious Disease, Drexel University College of Medicine, 245 N 15th Street, Philadelphia, PA 19102, USA
| | - Claytus Davis
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel
| | - John M Dye
- U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1425 Porter St, Fort Detrick, MD 21702-5011, USA
| | - Julius Julian Lutwama
- Department of Arbovirology, Emerging and Re-emerging Infection, Uganda Virus Research Institute, Entebbe P.O Box 49, Uganda
| | - Leslie Lobel
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel
| | - Francisco Veas
- Molecular Comparative Immuno-Physiopathology Lab, French Institute of Research for Development (IRD) Health Branch of UMR5151/University of Montpellier & UMR Research Unit-Ministry of Defense, Faculty of Pharmacy, 34093 Montpellier, France
- Copernicus Integrated Solutions for Biosafety Risks (CISBR), Faculty of Pharmacy, Montpellier University, 34093 Montpellier, France
| | - Garth D Ehrlich
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Center for Genomic Sciences and Center for Advanced Microbial Processing, Institute for Molecular Medicine and Infectious Disease, Drexel University College of Medicine, 245 N 15th Street, Philadelphia, PA 19102, USA
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5
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Slough MM, Li R, Herbert AS, Lasso G, Kuehne AI, Monticelli SR, Bakken RR, Liu Y, Ghosh A, Moreau AM, Zeng X, Rey FA, Guardado-Calvo P, Almo SC, Dye JM, Jangra RK, Wang Z, Chandran K. Author Correction: Two point mutations in protocadherin-1 disrupt hantavirus recognition and afford protection against lethal infection. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5924. [PMID: 37739957 PMCID: PMC10517158 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41659-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/24/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Megan M Slough
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Rong Li
- Department of Animal, Dairy and Veterinary Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA
| | - Andrew S Herbert
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, MD, USA
| | - Gorka Lasso
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Ana I Kuehne
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, MD, USA
| | - Stephanie R Monticelli
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, MD, USA
- The Geneva Foundation, Tacoma, WA, USA
| | - Russell R Bakken
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, MD, USA
| | - Yanan Liu
- Department of Animal, Dairy and Veterinary Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA
| | - Agnidipta Ghosh
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Alicia M Moreau
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, MD, USA
| | - Xiankun Zeng
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, MD, USA
| | - Félix A Rey
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR3569, Structural Virology Unit, F-75015, Paris, France
| | - Pablo Guardado-Calvo
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR3569, Structural Virology Unit, F-75015, Paris, France
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Structural Biology of Infectious Diseases Unit, F-75015, Paris, France
| | - Steven C Almo
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - John M Dye
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, MD, USA
| | - Rohit K Jangra
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.
- Microbiology and Immunology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, USA.
| | - Zhongde Wang
- Department of Animal, Dairy and Veterinary Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA.
| | - Kartik Chandran
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.
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6
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Slough MM, Li R, Herbert AS, Lasso G, Kuehne AI, Monticelli SR, Bakken RR, Liu Y, Ghosh A, Moreau AM, Zeng X, Rey FA, Guardado-Calvo P, Almo SC, Dye JM, Jangra RK, Wang Z, Chandran K. Two point mutations in protocadherin-1 disrupt hantavirus recognition and afford protection against lethal infection. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4454. [PMID: 37488123 PMCID: PMC10366084 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40126-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Andes virus (ANDV) and Sin Nombre virus (SNV) are the etiologic agents of severe hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome (HCPS) in the Americas for which no FDA-approved countermeasures are available. Protocadherin-1 (PCDH1), a cadherin-superfamily protein recently identified as a critical host factor for ANDV and SNV, represents a new antiviral target; however, its precise role remains to be elucidated. Here, we use computational and experimental approaches to delineate the binding surface of the hantavirus glycoprotein complex on PCDH1's first extracellular cadherin repeat domain. Strikingly, a single amino acid residue in this PCDH1 surface influences the host species-specificity of SNV glycoprotein-PCDH1 interaction and cell entry. Mutation of this and a neighboring residue substantially protects Syrian hamsters from pulmonary disease and death caused by ANDV. We conclude that PCDH1 is a bona fide entry receptor for ANDV and SNV whose direct interaction with hantavirus glycoproteins could be targeted to develop new interventions against HCPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan M Slough
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Rong Li
- Department of Animal, Dairy and Veterinary Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA
| | - Andrew S Herbert
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, MD, USA
| | - Gorka Lasso
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Ana I Kuehne
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, MD, USA
| | - Stephanie R Monticelli
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, MD, USA
- The Geneva Foundation, Tacoma, WA, USA
| | - Russell R Bakken
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, MD, USA
| | - Yanan Liu
- Department of Animal, Dairy and Veterinary Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA
| | - Agnidipta Ghosh
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Alicia M Moreau
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, MD, USA
| | - Xiankun Zeng
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, MD, USA
| | - Félix A Rey
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR3569, Structural Virology Unit, F-75015, Paris, France
| | - Pablo Guardado-Calvo
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR3569, Structural Virology Unit, F-75015, Paris, France
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Structural Biology of Infectious Diseases Unit, F-75015, Paris, France
| | - Steven C Almo
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - John M Dye
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, MD, USA
| | - Rohit K Jangra
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.
- Microbiology and Immunology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, USA.
| | - Zhongde Wang
- Department of Animal, Dairy and Veterinary Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA.
| | - Kartik Chandran
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.
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7
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Loo YM, Herbert AS, Kuehne AI, McTamney PM, Roque R, Moreau AM, Bakken R, Stefan CP, Koehler JW, Delp KL, Coyne SR, Kane CD, Dye JM, Cai Y, Esser MT. 1143. Prophylactic and Therapeutic Activity of AZD7442 (Tixagevimab/Cilgavimab) in SARS-CoV-2 Hamster Challenge Models. Open Forum Infect Dis 2022. [PMCID: PMC9752730 DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofac492.981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background AZD7442—a combination of 2 human, extended–half-life, SARS-CoV-2–neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) (tixagevimab/cilgavimab)—has received US Food and Drug Administration emergency use authorization for COVID-19 prevention in immunocompromised individuals. We evaluated the effect of AZD7442 in prevention and treatment settings in Syrian hamsters challenged with SARS-CoV-2. Methods Hamsters received intraperitoneal isotype control mAb (2 mg) or AZD7442 (0.002–2 mg) 1 day before intranasal (IN) SARS-CoV-2 challenge (USA-WA1/2020; 1x105 plaque-forming units) in prevention; OR control mAb (5 mg) or AZD7442 (0.5–5 mg) 1 day after IN SARS-CoV-2 challenge in treatment. The impact of AZD7442 on lung viral RNA and pathology and AZD7442 serum levels was assessed on Days 3 and 7 post infection. Body weight was recorded daily through Day 7. Results With AZD7442 prevention, lower lung viral loads were observed compared to controls; at Day 3 post infection, lowest infectious virus titer and viral subgenomic mRNA (sgmRNA) levels were seen with doses ≥0.2 mg AZD7442. Concomitantly, increased serum levels of AZD7442 were observed. By Day 7, infectious virus titer and sgmRNA fell below the level of detection (LOD) at all doses tested. Moreover, AZD7442 at doses ≥0.2 mg protected hamsters from weight loss versus controls. Lung pathology scores (scale: 0 [normal] to 25 [most severe]) were generally dose dependent, with mean scores of < 2 for AZD7442 versus 10 for controls, indicating less SARS-CoV-2–induced inflammation and alveolar damage in hamsters given AZD7442. Lower AZD7442 doses were associated with mean pathology scores similar to controls. With AZD7442 treatment, infectious virus titers were below the LOD at Day 3 post infection and at Day 7 for sgmRNA, for all doses tested. Mean lung pathology score was <2 for AZD7442 versus 12 for controls. AZD7442 doses ≥0.5 mg protected against weight loss relative to controls.
![]() Conclusion In a SARS-CoV-2 challenge model, AZD7442 administered as prevention or treatment led to significantly lower lung viral loads and improved lung pathology, without weight loss. There was also no evidence that AZD7442 mediated antibody-dependent enhancement of disease or infection. Disclosures Yueh-Ming Loo, PhD, AstraZeneca: Employee|AstraZeneca: Stocks/Bonds Patrick M. McTamney, PhD, AstraZeneca: Employee Richard Roque, B.S., AstraZeneca: Employee|AstraZeneca: Stocks/Bonds Yingyun Cai, PhD, AstraZeneca: Employee|AstraZeneca: Stocks/Bonds Mark T. Esser, PhD, AstraZeneca: Employee|AstraZeneca: Stocks/Bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrew S Herbert
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Maryland
| | - Ana I Kuehne
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Disease, Fort Detrick, Maryland
| | | | | | - Alicia M Moreau
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Maryland
| | - Russell Bakken
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Maryland
| | - Christopher P Stefan
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Maryland
| | - Jeffrey W Koehler
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Maryland
| | - Korey L Delp
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Maryland
| | - Susan R Coyne
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Maryland
| | - Christopher D Kane
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Maryland
| | - John M Dye
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Maryland
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8
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Loo YM, McTamney PM, Arends RH, Abram ME, Aksyuk AA, Diallo S, Flores DJ, Kelly EJ, Ren K, Roque R, Rosenthal K, Streicher K, Tuffy KM, Bond NJ, Cornwell O, Bouquet J, Cheng LI, Dunyak J, Huang Y, Rosenbaum AI, Pilla Reddy V, Andersen H, Carnahan RH, Crowe JE, Kuehne AI, Herbert AS, Dye JM, Bright H, Kallewaard NL, Pangalos MN, Esser MT. The SARS-CoV-2 monoclonal antibody combination, AZD7442, is protective in nonhuman primates and has an extended half-life in humans. Sci Transl Med 2022; 14:eabl8124. [PMID: 35076282 PMCID: PMC8939769 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abl8124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Despite the success of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccines, there remains a need for more prevention and treatment options for individuals remaining at risk of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against the viral spike protein have potential to both prevent and treat COVID-19 and reduce the risk of severe disease and death. Here, we describe AZD7442, a combination of two mAbs, AZD8895 (tixagevimab) and AZD1061 (cilgavimab), that simultaneously bind to distinct, nonoverlapping epitopes on the spike protein receptor binding domain to neutralize SARS-CoV-2. Initially isolated from individuals with prior SARS-CoV-2 infection, the two mAbs were designed to extend their half-lives and reduce effector functions. The AZD7442 mAbs individually prevent the spike protein from binding to angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 receptor, blocking virus cell entry, and neutralize all tested SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern. In a nonhuman primate model of SARS-CoV-2 infection, prophylactic AZD7442 administration prevented infection, whereas therapeutic administration accelerated virus clearance from the lung. In an ongoing phase 1 study in healthy participants (NCT04507256), a 300-mg intramuscular injection of AZD7442 provided SARS-CoV-2 serum geometric mean neutralizing titers greater than 10-fold above those of convalescent serum for at least 3 months, which remained threefold above those of convalescent serum at 9 months after AZD7442 administration. About 1 to 2% of serum AZD7442 was detected in nasal mucosa, a site of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Extrapolation of the time course of serum AZD7442 concentration suggests AZD7442 may provide up to 12 months of protection and benefit individuals at high-risk of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueh-Ming Loo
- Virology and Vaccine Discovery, Vaccines and Immune Therapies, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USA
| | - Patrick M McTamney
- Virology and Vaccine Discovery, Vaccines and Immune Therapies, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USA
| | - Rosalinda H Arends
- Clinical Pharmacology and Quantitative Pharmacology, Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USA
| | - Michael E Abram
- Translational Medicine, Vaccines and Immune Therapies, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USA
| | - Anastasia A Aksyuk
- Translational Medicine, Vaccines and Immune Therapies, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USA
| | - Seme Diallo
- Virology and Vaccine Discovery, Vaccines and Immune Therapies, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USA
| | - Daniel J Flores
- Virology and Vaccine Discovery, Vaccines and Immune Therapies, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USA
| | - Elizabeth J Kelly
- Translational Medicine, Vaccines and Immune Therapies, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USA
| | - Kuishu Ren
- Virology and Vaccine Discovery, Vaccines and Immune Therapies, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USA
| | - Richard Roque
- Virology and Vaccine Discovery, Vaccines and Immune Therapies, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USA
| | - Kim Rosenthal
- Virology and Vaccine Discovery, Vaccines and Immune Therapies, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USA
| | - Katie Streicher
- Translational Medicine, Vaccines and Immune Therapies, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USA
| | - Kevin M Tuffy
- Translational Medicine, Vaccines and Immune Therapies, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USA
| | - Nicholas J Bond
- Analytical Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Granta Park, Cambridge CB21 6GH, UK
| | - Owen Cornwell
- Analytical Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Granta Park, Cambridge CB21 6GH, UK
| | - Jerome Bouquet
- Integrated Bioanalysis, Clinical Pharmacology and Quantitative Pharmacology, Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Lily I Cheng
- Oncology Safety Pathology, Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USA
| | - James Dunyak
- Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacometrics, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USA
| | - Yue Huang
- Integrated Bioanalysis, Clinical Pharmacology and Quantitative Pharmacology, Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Anton I Rosenbaum
- Integrated Bioanalysis, Clinical Pharmacology and Quantitative Pharmacology, Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Venkatesh Pilla Reddy
- Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacometrics, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Granta Park, Cambridge CB21 6GH, UK
| | | | - Robert H Carnahan
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - James E Crowe
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | | | | | - John M Dye
- USAMRIID, Fort Detrick, MD 21702-5011, USA
| | - Helen Bright
- Virology and Vaccine Discovery, Vaccines and Immune Therapies, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USA
| | - Nicole L Kallewaard
- Virology and Vaccine Discovery, Vaccines and Immune Therapies, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USA
| | | | - Mark T Esser
- Vaccines and Immune Therapies, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USA
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9
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Wirchnianski AS, Wec AZ, Nyakatura EK, Herbert AS, Slough MM, Kuehne AI, Mittler E, Jangra RK, Teruya J, Dye JM, Lai JR, Chandran K. Two Distinct Lysosomal Targeting Strategies Afford Trojan Horse Antibodies With Pan-Filovirus Activity. Front Immunol 2021; 12:729851. [PMID: 34721393 PMCID: PMC8551868 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.729851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple agents in the family Filoviridae (filoviruses) are associated with sporadic human outbreaks of highly lethal disease, while others, including several recently identified agents, possess strong zoonotic potential. Although viral glycoprotein (GP)-specific monoclonal antibodies have demonstrated therapeutic utility against filovirus disease, currently FDA-approved molecules lack antiviral breadth. The development of broadly neutralizing antibodies has been challenged by the high sequence divergence among filovirus GPs and the complex GP proteolytic cleavage cascade that accompanies filovirus entry. Despite this variability in the antigenic surface of GP, all filoviruses share a site of vulnerability-the binding site for the universal filovirus entry receptor, Niemann-Pick C1 (NPC1). Unfortunately, this site is shielded in extracellular GP and only uncovered by proteolytic cleavage by host proteases in late endosomes and lysosomes, which are generally inaccessible to antibodies. To overcome this obstacle, we previously developed a 'Trojan horse' therapeutic approach in which engineered bispecific antibodies (bsAbs) coopt viral particles to deliver GP:NPC1 interaction-blocking antibodies to their endo/lysosomal sites of action. This approach afforded broad protection against members of the genus Ebolavirus but could not neutralize more divergent filoviruses. Here, we describe next-generation Trojan horse bsAbs that target the endo/lysosomal GP:NPC1 interface with pan-filovirus breadth by exploiting the conserved and widely expressed host cation-independent mannose-6-phosphate receptor for intracellular delivery. Our work highlights a new avenue for the development of single therapeutics protecting against all known and newly emerging filoviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariel S Wirchnianski
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States.,Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Anna Z Wec
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Elisabeth K Nyakatura
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Andrew S Herbert
- Virology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, MD, United States.,The Geneva Foundation, Tacoma, WA, United States
| | - Megan M Slough
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Ana I Kuehne
- Virology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, MD, United States
| | - Eva Mittler
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Rohit K Jangra
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Jonathan Teruya
- Antibody Discovery and Research group, Mapp Biopharmaceutical, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - John M Dye
- Virology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, MD, United States
| | - Jonathan R Lai
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Kartik Chandran
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
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10
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Fels JM, Maurer DP, Herbert AS, Wirchnianski AS, Vergnolle O, Cross RW, Abelson DM, Moyer CL, Mishra AK, Aguilan JT, Kuehne AI, Pauli NT, Bakken RR, Nyakatura EK, Hellert J, Quevedo G, Lobel L, Balinandi S, Lutwama JJ, Zeitlin L, Geisbert TW, Rey FA, Sidoli S, McLellan JS, Lai JR, Bornholdt ZA, Dye JM, Walker LM, Chandran K. Protective neutralizing antibodies from human survivors of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever. Cell 2021; 184:3486-3501.e21. [PMID: 34077751 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2021.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) is a World Health Organization priority pathogen. CCHFV infections cause a highly lethal hemorrhagic fever for which specific treatments and vaccines are urgently needed. Here, we characterize the human immune response to natural CCHFV infection to identify potent neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (nAbs) targeting the viral glycoprotein. Competition experiments showed that these nAbs bind six distinct antigenic sites in the Gc subunit. These sites were further delineated through mutagenesis and mapped onto a prefusion model of Gc. Pairwise screening identified combinations of non-competing nAbs that afford synergistic neutralization. Further enhancements in neutralization breadth and potency were attained by physically linking variable domains of synergistic nAb pairs through bispecific antibody (bsAb) engineering. Although multiple nAbs protected mice from lethal CCHFV challenge in pre- or post-exposure prophylactic settings, only a single bsAb, DVD-121-801, afforded therapeutic protection. DVD-121-801 is a promising candidate suitable for clinical development as a CCHFV therapeutic.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Maximilian Fels
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | | | - Andrew S Herbert
- U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, MD 21702, USA; The Geneva Foundation, Tacoma, WA 98402, USA
| | - Ariel S Wirchnianski
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA; Deparment of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Olivia Vergnolle
- Deparment of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Robert W Cross
- Galveston National Laboratory, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77550, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77550, USA
| | | | | | - Akaash K Mishra
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Jennifer T Aguilan
- Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Ana I Kuehne
- U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, MD 21702, USA
| | | | - Russell R Bakken
- U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Elisabeth K Nyakatura
- Deparment of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Jan Hellert
- Structural Virology Unit, Department of Virology, CNRS UMR 3569, Institut Pasteur, Paris 75724, France
| | - Gregory Quevedo
- Deparment of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Leslie Lobel
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
| | | | | | - Larry Zeitlin
- Mapp Biopharmaceutical, Inc., San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Thomas W Geisbert
- Galveston National Laboratory, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77550, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77550, USA
| | - Felix A Rey
- Structural Virology Unit, Department of Virology, CNRS UMR 3569, Institut Pasteur, Paris 75724, France
| | - Simone Sidoli
- Deparment of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Jason S McLellan
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Jonathan R Lai
- Deparment of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | | | - John M Dye
- U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, MD 21702, USA.
| | - Laura M Walker
- Adimab, LLC, Lebanon, NH 03766, USA; Adagio Therapeutics, Inc., Waltham, MA 02451, USA.
| | - Kartik Chandran
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA.
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11
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Sobarzo A, Stonier SW, Radinsky O, Gelkop S, Kuehne AI, Edri A, Herbert AS, Fedida-Metula S, Lutwama JJ, Yavelsky V, Davis C, Porgador A, Dye JM, Lobel L. Multiple viral proteins and immune response pathways act to generate robust long-term immunity in Sudan virus survivors. EBioMedicine 2019; 46:215-226. [PMID: 31326432 PMCID: PMC6710910 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2019.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Revised: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Profiles of immunity developed in filovirus patients and survivors have begun to shed light on antigen-specific cellular immune responses that had been previously under-studied. However, our knowledge of the breadth and length of those responses and the viral targets which mediate long-term memory immunity still lags significantly behind. Methods We characterized antigen-specific immune responses in whole blood samples of fifteen years post-infected survivors of the Sudan virus (SUDV) outbreak in Gulu, Uganda (2000−2001). We examined T cell and IgG responses against SUDV complete antigen and four SUDV proteins; glycoprotein (GP), nucleoprotein (NP), and viral protein 30 (VP30), and 40 (VP40). Findings We found survivors-maintained antigen-specific CD4+ T cell memory immune responses mediated mainly by the viral protein NP. In contrast, activated CD8+ T cell responses were nearly absent in SUDV survivors, regardless of the stimulating antigen used. Analysis of anti-viral humoral immunity revealed antigen-specific IgG antibodies against SUDV and SUDV proteins. Survivor IgGs mediated live SUDV neutralization in vitro and FcγRI and FcγRIII antibody Fc-dependent responses, mainly via antibodies to the viral proteins GP and VP40. Interpretation We highlight the key role of several proteins, i.e., GP, NP, and VP40, to act as mediators of distinctive and sustained cellular memory immune responses in long-term SUDV survivors. We suggest that the inclusion of these viral proteins in vaccine development may best mimic survivor native memory immune responses with the potential of protecting against viral infection. Funds This research was funded by the Defense Threat Reduction Agency (CB4088) and by the National Institute Of Allergy And Infectious Diseases of the National Institutes of Health under Award Number R01AI111516. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institutes of Health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariel Sobarzo
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel.
| | - Spencer W Stonier
- US Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1425 Porter St, Fort Detrick, MD 21702-5011, USA
| | - Olga Radinsky
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel
| | - Sigal Gelkop
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel
| | - Ana I Kuehne
- US Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1425 Porter St, Fort Detrick, MD 21702-5011, USA
| | - Avishay Edri
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel
| | - Andrew S Herbert
- US Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1425 Porter St, Fort Detrick, MD 21702-5011, USA
| | - Shlomit Fedida-Metula
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel
| | - Julius Julian Lutwama
- Department of Arbovirology, Emerging and Re-Emerging Infection Uganda Virus Research Institute, Plot No: 51 -59, Nakiwogo Road, P.O.Box 49, Entebbe, Uganda
| | - Victoria Yavelsky
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel; Department of Arbovirology, Emerging and Re-Emerging Infection Uganda Virus Research Institute, Plot No: 51 -59, Nakiwogo Road, P.O.Box 49, Entebbe, Uganda
| | - Claytus Davis
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel
| | - Angel Porgador
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel
| | - John M Dye
- US Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1425 Porter St, Fort Detrick, MD 21702-5011, USA.
| | - Leslie Lobel
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel; Department of Arbovirology, Emerging and Re-Emerging Infection Uganda Virus Research Institute, Plot No: 51 -59, Nakiwogo Road, P.O.Box 49, Entebbe, Uganda
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12
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Raaben M, Jae LT, Herbert AS, Kuehne AI, Stubbs SH, Chou YY, Blomen VA, Kirchhausen T, Dye JM, Brummelkamp TR, Whelan SP. NRP2 and CD63 Are Host Factors for Lujo Virus Cell Entry. Cell Host Microbe 2018; 22:688-696.e5. [PMID: 29120745 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2017.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Revised: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Arenaviruses cause fatal hemorrhagic disease in humans. Old World arenavirus glycoproteins (GPs) mainly engage α-dystroglycan as a cell-surface receptor, while New World arenaviruses hijack transferrin receptor. However, the Lujo virus (LUJV) GP does not cluster with New or Old World arenaviruses. Using a recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus containing LUJV GP as its sole attachment and fusion protein (VSV-LUJV), we demonstrate that infection is independent of known arenavirus receptor genes. A genome-wide haploid genetic screen identified the transmembrane protein neuropilin 2 (NRP2) and tetraspanin CD63 as factors for LUJV GP-mediated infection. LUJV GP binds the N-terminal domain of NRP2, while CD63 stimulates pH-activated LUJV GP-mediated membrane fusion. Overexpression of NRP2 or its N-terminal domain enhances VSV-LUJV infection, and cells lacking NRP2 are deficient in wild-type LUJV infection. These findings uncover this distinct set of host cell entry factors in LUJV infection and are attractive focus points for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthijs Raaben
- Division of Biochemistry, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Lucas T Jae
- Division of Biochemistry, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Gene Center and Department of Biochemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Feodor-Lynen-Strasse 25, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Andrew S Herbert
- U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Virology Division, 1425 Porter Street, Fort Detrick, MD 21702-5011, USA
| | - Ana I Kuehne
- U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Virology Division, 1425 Porter Street, Fort Detrick, MD 21702-5011, USA
| | - Sarah H Stubbs
- Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Yi-Ying Chou
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, and Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Vincent A Blomen
- Division of Biochemistry, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Tomas Kirchhausen
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, and Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - John M Dye
- U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Virology Division, 1425 Porter Street, Fort Detrick, MD 21702-5011, USA
| | - Thijn R Brummelkamp
- Division of Biochemistry, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands; CGC.nl; CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, 1090 14 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Sean P Whelan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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13
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Stonier SW, Herbert AS, Kuehne AI, Sobarzo A, Habibulin P, Dahan CVA, James RM, Egesa M, Cose S, Lutwama JJ, Lobel L, Dye JM. Marburg virus survivor immune responses are Th1 skewed with limited neutralizing antibody responses. J Exp Med 2017; 214:2563-2572. [PMID: 28724616 PMCID: PMC5584125 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20170161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2017] [Revised: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune responses that develop in survivors of filovirus infection may indicate critical parameters that could inform rational vaccine development. Stonier et al. characterize immune responses in Marburg virus survivors and demonstrate robust CD4+ T cell responses but limited CD8+ T cell and neutralizing antibody responses. Until recently, immune responses in filovirus survivors remained poorly understood. Early studies revealed IgM and IgG responses to infection with various filoviruses, but recent outbreaks have greatly expanded our understanding of filovirus immune responses. Immune responses in survivors of Ebola virus (EBOV) and Sudan virus (SUDV) infections have provided the most insight, with T cell responses as well as detailed antibody responses having been characterized. Immune responses to Marburg virus (MARV), however, remain almost entirely uncharacterized. We report that immune responses in MARV survivors share characteristics with EBOV and SUDV infections but have some distinct differences. MARV survivors developed multivariate CD4+ T cell responses but limited CD8+ T cell responses, more in keeping with SUDV survivors than EBOV survivors. In stark contrast to SUDV survivors, rare neutralizing antibody responses in MARV survivors diminished rapidly after the outbreak. These results warrant serious consideration for any vaccine or therapeutic that seeks to be broadly protective, as different filoviruses may require different immune responses to achieve immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Spencer W Stonier
- Virology Division, U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD
| | - Andrew S Herbert
- Virology Division, U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD
| | - Ana I Kuehne
- Virology Division, U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD
| | - Ariel Sobarzo
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Polina Habibulin
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Chen V Abramovitch Dahan
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Rebekah M James
- Virology Division, U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD
| | - Moses Egesa
- Uganda Research Unit on AIDS, Medical Research Council/Uganda Virus Research Institute, Entebbe, Uganda.,Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Stephen Cose
- Uganda Research Unit on AIDS, Medical Research Council/Uganda Virus Research Institute, Entebbe, Uganda.,Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda.,London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, England, UK
| | - Julius Julian Lutwama
- Department of Arbovirology, Emerging, and Re-emerging Infection, Uganda Virus Research Institute, Entebbe, Uganda
| | - Leslie Lobel
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel.,Department of Arbovirology, Emerging, and Re-emerging Infection, Uganda Virus Research Institute, Entebbe, Uganda
| | - John M Dye
- Virology Division, U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD
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14
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Zhao X, Howell KA, He S, Brannan JM, Wec AZ, Davidson E, Turner HL, Chiang CI, Lei L, Fels JM, Vu H, Shulenin S, Turonis AN, Kuehne AI, Liu G, Ta M, Wang Y, Sundling C, Xiao Y, Spence JS, Doranz BJ, Holtsberg FW, Ward AB, Chandran K, Dye JM, Qiu X, Li Y, Aman MJ. Immunization-Elicited Broadly Protective Antibody Reveals Ebolavirus Fusion Loop as a Site of Vulnerability. Cell 2017; 169:891-904.e15. [PMID: 28525756 PMCID: PMC5803079 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2017.04.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Revised: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
While neutralizing antibodies are highly effective against ebolavirus infections, current experimental ebolavirus vaccines primarily elicit species-specific antibody responses. Here, we describe an immunization-elicited macaque antibody (CA45) that clamps the internal fusion loop with the N terminus of the ebolavirus glycoproteins (GPs) and potently neutralizes Ebola, Sudan, Bundibugyo, and Reston viruses. CA45, alone or in combination with an antibody that blocks receptor binding, provided full protection against all pathogenic ebolaviruses in mice, guinea pigs, and ferrets. Analysis of memory B cells from the immunized macaque suggests that elicitation of broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) for ebolaviruses is possible but difficult, potentially due to the rarity of bNAb clones and their precursors. Unexpectedly, germline-reverted CA45, while exhibiting negligible binding to full-length GP, bound a proteolytically remodeled GP with picomolar affinity, suggesting that engineered ebolavirus vaccines could trigger rare bNAb precursors more robustly. These findings have important implications for developing pan-ebolavirus vaccine and immunotherapeutic cocktails.
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MESH Headings
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Animals
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/chemistry
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/immunology
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/isolation & purification
- Antibodies, Viral/chemistry
- Antibodies, Viral/immunology
- Antibodies, Viral/isolation & purification
- Complementarity Determining Regions
- Cross Reactions
- Ebola Vaccines/immunology
- Ebolavirus/immunology
- Epitope Mapping
- Epitopes, B-Lymphocyte/immunology
- Female
- Ferrets
- Guinea Pigs
- Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola/immunology
- Immunoglobulin Fab Fragments/ultrastructure
- Macaca fascicularis
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Models, Molecular
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuelian Zhao
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, Rockville, MD 20878, USA
| | | | - Shihua He
- Special Pathogens Program, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3R2, Canada; Deparment of Medical Microbiology, University of Manitoba, MB R3E 0J9, Canada
| | - Jennifer M Brannan
- US Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, MD 21701, USA
| | - Anna Z Wec
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | | | - Hannah L Turner
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Chi-I Chiang
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, Rockville, MD 20878, USA
| | - Lin Lei
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, Rockville, MD 20878, USA
| | - J Maximilian Fels
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Hong Vu
- Integrated BioTherapeutics, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | | | | | - Ana I Kuehne
- US Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, MD 21701, USA
| | - Guodong Liu
- Special Pathogens Program, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3R2, Canada; Deparment of Medical Microbiology, University of Manitoba, MB R3E 0J9, Canada
| | - Mi Ta
- Integral Molecular, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Yimeng Wang
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, Rockville, MD 20878, USA
| | - Christopher Sundling
- Immunology Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, New South Wales 2010, Australia
| | - Yongli Xiao
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Jennifer S Spence
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | | | | | - Andrew B Ward
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Kartik Chandran
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - John M Dye
- US Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, MD 21701, USA
| | - Xiangguo Qiu
- Special Pathogens Program, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3R2, Canada; Deparment of Medical Microbiology, University of Manitoba, MB R3E 0J9, Canada
| | - Yuxing Li
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, Rockville, MD 20878, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
| | - M Javad Aman
- Integrated BioTherapeutics, Rockville, MD 20850, USA.
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15
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Wec AZ, Nyakatura EK, Herbert AS, Howell KA, Holtsberg FW, Bakken RR, Mittler E, Christin JR, Shulenin S, Jangra RK, Bharrhan S, Kuehne AI, Bornholdt ZA, Flyak AI, Saphire EO, Crowe JE, Aman MJ, Dye JM, Lai JR, Chandran K. A "Trojan horse" bispecific-antibody strategy for broad protection against ebolaviruses. Science 2016; 354:350-354. [PMID: 27608667 DOI: 10.1126/science.aag3267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Accepted: 08/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
There is an urgent need for monoclonal antibody (mAb) therapies that broadly protect against Ebola virus and other filoviruses. The conserved, essential interaction between the filovirus glycoprotein, GP, and its entry receptor Niemann-Pick C1 (NPC1) provides an attractive target for such mAbs but is shielded by multiple mechanisms, including physical sequestration in late endosomes. Here, we describe a bispecific-antibody strategy to target this interaction, in which mAbs specific for NPC1 or the GP receptor-binding site are coupled to a mAb against a conserved, surface-exposed GP epitope. Bispecific antibodies, but not parent mAbs, neutralized all known ebolaviruses by coopting viral particles themselves for endosomal delivery and conferred postexposure protection against multiple ebolaviruses in mice. Such "Trojan horse" bispecific antibodies have potential as broad antifilovirus immunotherapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Z Wec
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Elisabeth K Nyakatura
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Andrew S Herbert
- U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Katie A Howell
- Integrated Biotherapeutics Inc., Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USA
| | | | - Russell R Bakken
- U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Eva Mittler
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - John R Christin
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Sergey Shulenin
- Integrated Biotherapeutics Inc., Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USA
| | - Rohit K Jangra
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Sushma Bharrhan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Ana I Kuehne
- U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Zachary A Bornholdt
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 10550, USA
| | - Andrew I Flyak
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
| | - Erica Ollmann Saphire
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 10550, USA.,The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 10550, USA
| | - James E Crowe
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA. .,Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.,Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - M Javad Aman
- Integrated Biotherapeutics Inc., Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USA.
| | - John M Dye
- U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, MD 21702, USA.
| | - Jonathan R Lai
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA.
| | - Kartik Chandran
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA.
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16
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Sobarzo A, Stonier SW, Herbert AS, Ochayon DE, Kuehne AI, Eskira Y, Fedida-Metula S, Tali N, Lewis EC, Egesa M, Cose S, Lutwama JJ, Yavelsky V, Dye JM, Lobel L. Correspondence of Neutralizing Humoral Immunity and CD4 T Cell Responses in Long Recovered Sudan Virus Survivors. Viruses 2016; 8:v8050133. [PMID: 27187443 PMCID: PMC4885088 DOI: 10.3390/v8050133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2016] [Revised: 05/06/2016] [Accepted: 05/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Robust humoral and cellular immunity are critical for survival in humans during an ebolavirus infection. However, the interplay between these two arms of immunity is poorly understood. To address this, we examined residual immune responses in survivors of the Sudan virus (SUDV) outbreak in Gulu, Uganda (2000–2001). Cytokine and chemokine expression levels in SUDV stimulated whole blood cultures were assessed by multiplex ELISA and flow cytometry. Antibody and corresponding neutralization titers were also determined. Flow cytometry and multiplex ELISA results demonstrated significantly higher levels of cytokine and chemokine responses in survivors with serological neutralizing activity. This correspondence was not detected in survivors with serum reactivity to SUDV but without neutralization activity. This previously undefined relationship between memory CD4 T cell responses and serological neutralizing capacity in SUDV survivors is key for understanding long lasting immunity in survivors of filovirus infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariel Sobarzo
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel.
| | - Spencer W Stonier
- Virology Division, U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1425 Porter St., Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD 21701, USA.
| | - Andrew S Herbert
- Virology Division, U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1425 Porter St., Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD 21701, USA.
| | - David E Ochayon
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel.
| | - Ana I Kuehne
- Virology Division, U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1425 Porter St., Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD 21701, USA.
| | - Yael Eskira
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel.
| | - Shlomit Fedida-Metula
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel.
| | - Neta Tali
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel.
| | - Eli C Lewis
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel.
| | - Moses Egesa
- Medical Research Council/Uganda Virus Research Institute, Uganda Research Unit on AIDS, Entebbe P.O. Box 49, Uganda.
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala P.O. Box 7072, Uganda.
| | - Stephen Cose
- Medical Research Council/Uganda Virus Research Institute, Uganda Research Unit on AIDS, Entebbe P.O. Box 49, Uganda.
- London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, UK.
| | - Julius Julian Lutwama
- Department of Arbovirology, Emerging and Re-Emerging Infection Uganda Virus Research Institute, Entebbe P.O. Box 49, Uganda.
| | - Victoria Yavelsky
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel.
| | - John M Dye
- Virology Division, U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1425 Porter St., Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD 21701, USA.
| | - Leslie Lobel
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel.
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17
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Ng M, Ndungo E, Kaczmarek ME, Herbert AS, Binger T, Kuehne AI, Jangra RK, Hawkins JA, Gifford RJ, Biswas R, Demogines A, James RM, Yu M, Brummelkamp TR, Drosten C, Wang LF, Kuhn JH, Müller MA, Dye JM, Sawyer SL, Chandran K. Filovirus receptor NPC1 contributes to species-specific patterns of ebolavirus susceptibility in bats. eLife 2015; 4. [PMID: 26698106 PMCID: PMC4709267 DOI: 10.7554/elife.11785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2015] [Accepted: 11/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Biological factors that influence the host range and spillover of Ebola virus (EBOV) and other filoviruses remain enigmatic. While filoviruses infect diverse mammalian cell lines, we report that cells from African straw-colored fruit bats (Eidolon helvum) are refractory to EBOV infection. This could be explained by a single amino acid change in the filovirus receptor, NPC1, which greatly reduces the affinity of EBOV-NPC1 interaction. We found signatures of positive selection in bat NPC1 concentrated at the virus-receptor interface, with the strongest signal at the same residue that controls EBOV infection in Eidolon helvum cells. Our work identifies NPC1 as a genetic determinant of filovirus susceptibility in bats, and suggests that some NPC1 variations reflect host adaptations to reduce filovirus replication and virulence. A single viral mutation afforded escape from receptor control, revealing a pathway for compensatory viral evolution and a potential avenue for expansion of filovirus host range in nature. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.11785.001 Ebola virus and other filoviruses can cause devastating diseases in humans and other apes. Numerous small outbreaks of Ebola virus disease have occurred in Africa over the past 40 years. However, in 2013–2015, the largest outbreak on record took place in three Western African nations with no previous history of the disease. Human outbreaks of Ebola virus disease likely begin when a person encounters an infected wild animal. Though it remains unclear precisely which animals harbor Ebola virus between outbreaks, and how they transmit the virus to humans or other primates, recent work showed that some filoviruses do infect specific types of bats in nature. Ng, Ndungo, Kaczmarek et al. sought to identify the genes that influence whether or not a type of bat is susceptible to infection by Ebola virus and other filoviruses. Several filoviruses, including Ebola virus, were tested to see if they could infect cells that had been collected from four types of African fruit bats. These bats are all found in areas where outbreaks have occurred in the past. The tests revealed that a small change in the sequence of the NPC1 gene in some bat cells greatly reduced their susceptibility to Ebola virus. NPC1 encodes a protein that mammals need in order to move cholesterol within their cells. In humans, the loss of the protein encoded by NPC1 causes a rare but very severe disease called Niemann-Pick type C disease. This protein also turns out to be a receptor that the filoviruses must bind to before they can infect the cells. Further analysis then revealed that NPC1 has evolved rapidly in bats, with changes concentrated in the parts of the receptor that interact with Ebola virus. Ng, Ndungo, Kaczmarek et al. went on to discover some changes in the genome sequence of Ebola virus that could compensate for the changes in the bat’s NPC1 gene. These findings hint at one way that a filovirus could evolve to better infect a host with receptors that were less than optimal. Following on from this work, the next challenges will be to expand the investigation to include additional types of bats, other types of mammals, and other host genes that could influence filovirus infection and disease. Further studies could also examine the other side of the arms race – that is, the evolution of viral genes in bats. However, such studies would be complicated by the lack of viral sequences that have been collected from bats, because to date most have been isolated from humans and other primates instead. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.11785.002
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Affiliation(s)
- Melinda Ng
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, United States
| | - Esther Ndungo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, United States
| | - Maria E Kaczmarek
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, United States
| | - Andrew S Herbert
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, United States
| | - Tabea Binger
- Institute of Virology, University of Bonn Medical Center, Bonn, Germany
| | - Ana I Kuehne
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, United States
| | - Rohit K Jangra
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, United States
| | - John A Hawkins
- Institute for Computational Engineering and Sciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, United States
| | - Robert J Gifford
- University of Glasgow MRC Virology Unit, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Rohan Biswas
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, United States
| | - Ann Demogines
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, United States
| | - Rebekah M James
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, United States
| | - Meng Yu
- Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, , Singapore
| | | | - Christian Drosten
- Institute of Virology, University of Bonn Medical Center, Bonn, Germany.,German Centre for Infectious Diseases Research, Bonn, Germany
| | - Lin-Fa Wang
- Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, , Singapore
| | - Jens H Kuhn
- Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, National Institute for Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Fort Detrick, Frederick, United States
| | - Marcel A Müller
- Institute of Virology, University of Bonn Medical Center, Bonn, Germany
| | - John M Dye
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, United States
| | - Sara L Sawyer
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, United States.,BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, United States.,Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, United States
| | - Kartik Chandran
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, United States
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18
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Bounds CE, Kwilas SA, Kuehne AI, Brannan JM, Bakken RR, Dye JM, Hooper JW, Dupuy LC, Ellefsen B, Hannaman D, Wu H, Jiao JA, Sullivan EJ, Schmaljohn CS. Human Polyclonal Antibodies Produced through DNA Vaccination of Transchromosomal Cattle Provide Mice with Post-Exposure Protection against Lethal Zaire and Sudan Ebolaviruses. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0137786. [PMID: 26422247 PMCID: PMC4589376 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0137786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2015] [Accepted: 08/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA vaccination of transchromosomal bovines (TcBs) with DNA vaccines expressing the codon-optimized (co) glycoprotein (GP) genes of Ebola virus (EBOV) and Sudan virus (SUDV) produce fully human polyclonal antibodies (pAbs) that recognize both viruses and demonstrate robust neutralizing activity. Each TcB was vaccinated by intramuscular electroporation (IM-EP) a total of four times and at each administration received 10 mg of the EBOV-GPco DNA vaccine and 10 mg of the SUDV-GPco DNA vaccine at two sites on the left and right sides, respectively. After two vaccinations, robust antibody responses (titers > 1000) were detected by ELISA against whole irradiated EBOV or SUDV and recombinant EBOV-GP or SUDV-GP (rGP) antigens, with higher titers observed for the rGP antigens. Strong, virus neutralizing antibody responses (titers >1000) were detected after three vaccinations when measured by vesicular stomatitis virus-based pseudovirion neutralization assay (PsVNA). Maximal neutralizing antibody responses were identified by traditional plaque reduction neutralization tests (PRNT) after four vaccinations. Neutralizing activity of human immunoglobulins (IgG) purified from TcB plasma collected after three vaccinations and injected intraperitoneally (IP) into mice at a 100 mg/kg dose was detected in the serum by PsVNA up to 14 days after administration. Passive transfer by IP injection of the purified IgG (100 mg/kg) to groups of BALB/c mice one day after IP challenge with mouse adapted (ma) EBOV resulted in 80% protection while all mice treated with non-specific pAbs succumbed. Similarly, interferon receptor 1 knockout (IFNAR -/-) mice receiving the purified IgG (100 mg/kg) by IP injection one day after IP challenge with wild type SUDV resulted in 89% survival. These results are the first to demonstrate that filovirus GP DNA vaccines administered to TcBs by IM-EP can elicit neutralizing antibodies that provide post-exposure protection. Additionally, these data describe production of fully human IgG in a large animal system, a system which is capable of producing large quantities of a clinical grade therapeutic product.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Animals, Genetically Modified
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/immunology
- Antibodies, Viral/metabolism
- Cattle/genetics
- Cattle/immunology
- Chromosomes, Artificial, Human/genetics
- Democratic Republic of the Congo
- Ebola Vaccines/immunology
- Ebolavirus/immunology
- Female
- Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola/prevention & control
- Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola/virology
- Humans
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Knockout
- Post-Exposure Prophylaxis/methods
- Receptor, Interferon alpha-beta/genetics
- Sudan
- Vaccination/methods
- Vaccines, DNA/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Callie E. Bounds
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Steven A. Kwilas
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Ana I. Kuehne
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Jennifer M. Brannan
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Russell R. Bakken
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - John M. Dye
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Jay W. Hooper
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Lesley C. Dupuy
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Barry Ellefsen
- Ichor Medical Systems, Inc., San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Drew Hannaman
- Ichor Medical Systems, Inc., San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Hua Wu
- SAB Biotherapeutics, Sioux Falls, South Dakota, United States of America
| | - Jin-an Jiao
- SAB Biotherapeutics, Sioux Falls, South Dakota, United States of America
| | - Eddie J. Sullivan
- SAB Biotherapeutics, Sioux Falls, South Dakota, United States of America
| | - Connie S. Schmaljohn
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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19
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Kugelman JR, Kugelman-Tonos J, Ladner JT, Pettit J, Keeton CM, Nagle ER, Garcia KY, Froude JW, Kuehne AI, Kuhn JH, Bavari S, Zeitlin L, Dye JM, Olinger GG, Sanchez-Lockhart M, Palacios GF. Emergence of Ebola Virus Escape Variants in Infected Nonhuman Primates Treated with the MB-003 Antibody Cocktail. Cell Rep 2015; 12:2111-20. [PMID: 26365189 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2015.08.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2015] [Revised: 07/24/2015] [Accepted: 08/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
MB-003, a plant-derived monoclonal antibody cocktail used effectively in treatment of Ebola virus infection in non-human primates, was unable to protect two of six animals when initiated 1 or 2 days post-infection. We characterized a mechanism of viral escape in one of the animals, after observation of two clusters of genomic mutations that resulted in five nonsynonymous mutations in the monoclonal antibody target sites. These mutations were linked to a reduction in antibody binding and later confirmed to be present in a viral isolate that was not neutralized in vitro. Retrospective evaluation of a second independent study allowed the identification of a similar case. Four SNPs in previously identified positions were found in this second fatality, suggesting that genetic drift could be a potential cause for treatment failure. These findings highlight the importance selecting different target domains for each component of the cocktail to minimize the potential for viral escape.
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MESH Headings
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Animals
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/administration & dosage
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/biosynthesis
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/administration & dosage
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/biosynthesis
- Antibodies, Viral/administration & dosage
- Antibodies, Viral/biosynthesis
- Base Sequence
- Ebolavirus/genetics
- Ebolavirus/immunology
- Ebolavirus/pathogenicity
- Epitopes/chemistry
- Epitopes/immunology
- Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola/immunology
- Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola/mortality
- Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola/prevention & control
- Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola/virology
- Humans
- Immune Evasion/genetics
- Immunization, Passive
- Macaca mulatta
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Mutation
- Protein Binding
- Recombinant Proteins/administration & dosage
- Recombinant Proteins/biosynthesis
- Retrospective Studies
- Survival Analysis
- Nicotiana/genetics
- Virus Replication
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey R Kugelman
- Center for Genome Sciences, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID), Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Johanny Kugelman-Tonos
- Molecular and Translational Sciences Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID), Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Jason T Ladner
- Center for Genome Sciences, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID), Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - James Pettit
- Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Carolyn M Keeton
- Center for Genome Sciences, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID), Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Elyse R Nagle
- Center for Genome Sciences, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID), Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Karla Y Garcia
- Center for Genome Sciences, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID), Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Jeffrey W Froude
- Virology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID), Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Ana I Kuehne
- Virology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID), Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Jens H Kuhn
- Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Sina Bavari
- Molecular and Translational Sciences Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID), Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Larry Zeitlin
- Mapp Biopharmaceutical, Inc., San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - John M Dye
- Virology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID), Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Gene G Olinger
- Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Mariano Sanchez-Lockhart
- Center for Genome Sciences, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID), Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Gustavo F Palacios
- Center for Genome Sciences, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID), Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA.
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20
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Sobarzo A, Eskira Y, Herbert AS, Kuehne AI, Stonier SW, Ochayon DE, Fedida-Metula S, Balinandi S, Kislev Y, Tali N, Lewis EC, Lutwama JJ, Dye JM, Yavelsky V, Lobel L. Immune memory to Sudan virus: comparison between two separate disease outbreaks. Viruses 2015; 7:37-51. [PMID: 25569078 PMCID: PMC4306827 DOI: 10.3390/v7010037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2014] [Accepted: 12/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Recovery from ebolavirus infection in humans is associated with the development of both cell-mediated and humoral immune responses. According to recent studies, individuals that did not survive infection with ebolaviruses appear to have lacked a robust adaptive immune response and the expression of several early innate response markers. However, a comprehensive protective immune profile has yet to be described. Here, we examine cellular memory immune responses among survivors of two separate Ebolavirus outbreaks (EVDs) due to Sudan virus (SUDV) infection in Uganda—Gulu 2000–2001 and Kibaale 2012. Freshly collected blood samples were stimulated with inactivated SUDV, as well as with recombinant SUDV or Ebola virus (EBOV) GP (GP1–649). In addition, ELISA and plaque reduction neutralization assays were performed to determine anti-SUDV IgG titers and neutralization capacity. Cytokine expression was measured in whole blood cultures in response to SUDV and SUDV GP stimulation in both survivor pools, demonstrating recall responses that indicate immune memory. Cytokine responses between groups were similar but had distinct differences. Neutralizing, SUDV-specific IgG activity against irradiated SUDV and SUDV recombinant proteins were detected in both survivor cohorts. Furthermore, humoral and cell-mediated crossreactivity to EBOV and EBOV recombinant GP1–649 was observed in both cohorts. In conclusion, immune responses in both groups of survivors demonstrate persistent recognition of relevant antigens, albeit larger cohorts are required in order to reach greater statistical significance. The differing cytokine responses between Gulu and Kibaale outbreak survivors suggests that each outbreak may not yield identical memory responses and promotes the merits of studying the immune responses among outbreaks of the same virus. Finally, our demonstration of cross-reactive immune recognition suggests that there is potential for developing cross-protective vaccines for ebolaviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariel Sobarzo
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel.
| | - Yael Eskira
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel.
| | - Andrew S Herbert
- Virology Division-U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1425 Porter St., Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD 21701, USA.
| | - Ana I Kuehne
- Virology Division-U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1425 Porter St., Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD 21701, USA.
| | - Spencer W Stonier
- Virology Division-U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1425 Porter St., Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD 21701, USA.
| | - David E Ochayon
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel.
| | - Shlomit Fedida-Metula
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel.
| | - Steven Balinandi
- Department of Arbovirology, Emerging and Re-emerging Infection Uganda Virus Research Institute, Entebbe P.O Box 49, Uganda.
| | - Yaara Kislev
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel.
| | - Neta Tali
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel.
| | - Eli C Lewis
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel.
| | - Julius Julian Lutwama
- Department of Arbovirology, Emerging and Re-emerging Infection Uganda Virus Research Institute, Entebbe P.O Box 49, Uganda.
| | - John M Dye
- Virology Division-U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1425 Porter St., Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD 21701, USA.
| | - Victoria Yavelsky
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel.
| | - Leslie Lobel
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel.
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21
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Jae LT, Raaben M, Herbert AS, Kuehne AI, Wirchnianski AS, Soh TK, Stubbs SH, Janssen H, Damme M, Saftig P, Whelan SP, Dye JM, Brummelkamp TR. Virus entry. Lassa virus entry requires a trigger-induced receptor switch. Science 2014; 344:1506-10. [PMID: 24970085 DOI: 10.1126/science.1252480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 207] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Lassa virus spreads from a rodent to humans and can lead to lethal hemorrhagic fever. Despite its broad tropism, chicken cells were reported 30 years ago to resist infection. We found that Lassa virus readily engaged its cell-surface receptor α-dystroglycan in avian cells, but virus entry in susceptible species involved a pH-dependent switch to an intracellular receptor, the lysosome-resident protein LAMP1. Iterative haploid screens revealed that the sialyltransferase ST3GAL4 was required for the interaction of the virus glycoprotein with LAMP1. A single glycosylated residue in LAMP1, present in susceptible species but absent in birds, was essential for interaction with the Lassa virus envelope protein and subsequent infection. The resistance of Lamp1-deficient mice to Lassa virus highlights the relevance of this receptor switch in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas T Jae
- Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Matthijs Raaben
- Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, Netherlands. Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Andrew S Herbert
- U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1425 Porter Street, Fort Detrick, MD 21702-5011, USA
| | - Ana I Kuehne
- U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1425 Porter Street, Fort Detrick, MD 21702-5011, USA
| | - Ariel S Wirchnianski
- U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1425 Porter Street, Fort Detrick, MD 21702-5011, USA
| | - Timothy K Soh
- Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Sarah H Stubbs
- Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Hans Janssen
- Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Markus Damme
- Biochemisches Institut, Christian Albrechts-Universität Kiel, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Paul Saftig
- Biochemisches Institut, Christian Albrechts-Universität Kiel, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Sean P Whelan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - John M Dye
- U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1425 Porter Street, Fort Detrick, MD 21702-5011, USA.
| | - Thijn R Brummelkamp
- Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, Netherlands. CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, 1090 Vienna, Austria. Cancer Genomics Center (CGC.nl), Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
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22
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Sobarzo A, Ochayon DE, Lutwama JJ, Balinandi S, Guttman O, Marks RS, Kuehne AI, Dye JM, Yavelsky V, Lewis EC, Lobel L. Persistent immune responses after Ebola virus infection. N Engl J Med 2013; 369:492-3. [PMID: 23902512 DOI: 10.1056/nejmc1300266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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23
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Sobarzo A, Groseth A, Dolnik O, Becker S, Lutwama JJ, Perelman E, Yavelsky V, Muhammad M, Kuehne AI, Marks RS, Dye JM, Lobel L. Profile and Persistence of the Virus-Specific Neutralizing Humoral Immune Response in Human Survivors of Sudan Ebolavirus (Gulu). J Infect Dis 2013; 208:299-309. [DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jit162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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24
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Miller EH, Obernosterer G, Raaben M, Herbert AS, Deffieu MS, Krishnan A, Ndungo E, Sandesara RG, Carette JE, Kuehne AI, Ruthel G, Pfeffer SR, Dye JM, Whelan SP, Brummelkamp TR, Chandran K. Ebola virus entry requires the host-programmed recognition of an intracellular receptor. EMBO J 2012; 31:1947-60. [PMID: 22395071 DOI: 10.1038/emboj.2012.53] [Citation(s) in RCA: 255] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2011] [Accepted: 02/03/2012] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Ebola and Marburg filoviruses cause deadly outbreaks of haemorrhagic fever. Despite considerable efforts, no essential cellular receptors for filovirus entry have been identified. We showed previously that Niemann-Pick C1 (NPC1), a lysosomal cholesterol transporter, is required for filovirus entry. Here, we demonstrate that NPC1 is a critical filovirus receptor. Human NPC1 fulfills a cardinal property of viral receptors: it confers susceptibility to filovirus infection when expressed in non-permissive reptilian cells. The second luminal domain of NPC1 binds directly and specifically to the viral glycoprotein, GP, and a synthetic single-pass membrane protein containing this domain has viral receptor activity. Purified NPC1 binds only to a cleaved form of GP that is generated within cells during entry, and only viruses containing cleaved GP can utilize a receptor retargeted to the cell surface. Our findings support a model in which GP cleavage by endosomal cysteine proteases unmasks the binding site for NPC1, and GP-NPC1 engagement within lysosomes promotes a late step in entry proximal to viral escape into the host cytoplasm. NPC1 is the first known viral receptor that recognizes its ligand within an intracellular compartment and not at the plasma membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Happy Miller
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
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25
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Dias JM, Kuehne AI, Abelson DM, Bale S, Wong AC, Halfmann P, Muhammad MA, Fusco ML, Zak SE, Kang E, Kawaoka Y, Chandran K, Dye JM, Saphire EO. A shared structural solution for neutralizing ebolaviruses. Nat Struct Mol Biol 2011; 18:1424-7. [PMID: 22101933 PMCID: PMC3230659 DOI: 10.1038/nsmb.2150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2011] [Accepted: 09/06/2011] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Sudan virus (genus Ebolavirus) is lethal, yet no monoclonal antibody is known to neutralize it. We here describe antibody 16F6 that neutralizes Sudan virus and present its structure bound to the trimeric viral glycoprotein. Unexpectedly, the 16F6 epitope overlaps that of KZ52, the only other antibody against the GP(1,2) core to be visualized to date. Furthermore, both antibodies against this crucial epitope bridging GP1-GP2 neutralize at a post-internalization step--probably fusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- João M Dias
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
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26
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Carette JE, Raaben M, Wong AC, Herbert AS, Obernosterer G, Mulherkar N, Kuehne AI, Kranzusch PJ, Griffin AM, Ruthel G, Dal Cin P, Dye JM, Whelan SP, Chandran K, Brummelkamp TR. Ebola virus entry requires the cholesterol transporter Niemann-Pick C1. Nature 2011; 477:340-3. [PMID: 21866103 PMCID: PMC3175325 DOI: 10.1038/nature10348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 945] [Impact Index Per Article: 72.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2010] [Accepted: 06/30/2011] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jan E Carette
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Nine Cambridge Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
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27
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McKee KT, Oro JG, Kuehne AI, Spisso JA, Mahlandt BG. Safety and immunogenicity of a live-attenuated Junin (Argentine hemorrhagic fever) vaccine in rhesus macaques. Am J Trop Med Hyg 1993; 48:403-11. [PMID: 8385886 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.1993.48.403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The safety and immunogenicity of Candid #1, a live-attenuated Junin virus vaccine, were evaluated in rhesus macaques. Candid #1 was inoculated subcutaneously in graded doses ranging from 16 to 127,200 plaque-forming units (PFU) into four groups of five animals each; four controls received saline. There was no significant effect of the immunization on any physical, hematologic, or biochemical parameter measured. Junin virus was recovered by cocultivation from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of 14 (70%) of 20 animals from 1 to 21 days after immunization; 27 (12%) of 223 PBMC samples that represented animals in all four dose groups were positive. In contrast, virus was recovered from the plasma of only two of 20 macaques (two of 225 samples [0.9%]), and only once (by amplification) from throat swabs. No evidence of reversion was detected in any blood isolate. All animals developed a detectable neutralizing antibody response following vaccination. These results indicate that Candid #1 is safe and immunogenic in nonhuman primates.
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Affiliation(s)
- K T McKee
- U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, Maryland
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28
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McKee KT, Oro JG, Kuehne AI, Spisso JA, Mahlandt BG. Candid No. 1 Argentine hemorrhagic fever vaccine protects against lethal Junin virus challenge in rhesus macaques. Intervirology 1992; 34:154-63. [PMID: 1338783 DOI: 10.1159/000150276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The protective efficacy of Candid No. 1, a live-attenuated vaccine against Argentine hemorrhagic fever (AHF), was evaluated in non-human primates. Twenty rhesus macaques immunized 3 months previously with graded doses of Candid No. 1 (16-127, 000 PFU), as well as 4 placebo-inoculated controls, were challenged with 4.41 log10 PFU of virulent P3790 strain Junin virus. All controls developed severe clinical disease; 3 of 4 died. In contrast, all vaccinated animals were fully protected; none developed any signs of AHF during a 105-day follow-up period. Viremia and virus shedding were readily detected in all placebo-vaccinated controls, while virus could be recovered only once (by amplification) from throat swabs of 2 Candid No. 1 vaccinees on day 21. Vigorous secondary-type neutralizing and immunofluorescent antibody responses were seen in most vaccinees that had received 3 log10 PFU Candid No. 1 or fewer; all others, including those receiving 127,200 PFU, maintained relatively stable titers during follow-up. Candid No. 1 was highly immunogenic and fully protective against lethal Junin virus challenge in rhesus macaques, even at extremely low (16 PFU) vaccine doses.
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Affiliation(s)
- K T McKee
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, Md
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