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Coutant F, Touret F, Pin JJ, Alonzo M, Baronti C, Munier S, Attia M, de Lamballerie X, Ferry T, Miossec P. Neutralizing and enhancing monoclonal antibodies in SARS-CoV-2 convalescent patients: lessons from early variant infection and impact on shaping emerging variants. Emerg Microbes Infect 2024; 13:2307510. [PMID: 38240255 PMCID: PMC10829827 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2024.2307510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Serological studies of COVID-19 convalescent patients have identified polyclonal lineage-specific and cross-reactive antibodies (Abs), with varying effector functions against virus variants. Individual specificities of anti-SARS-CoV-2 Abs and their impact on infectivity by other variants have been little investigated to date. Here, we dissected at a monoclonal level neutralizing and enhancing Abs elicited by early variants and how they affect infectivity of emerging variants. B cells from 13 convalescent patients originally infected by D614G or Alpha variants were immortalized to isolate 445 naturally-produced anti-SARS-CoV-2 Abs. Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) were tested for their abilities to impact the cytopathic effect of D614G, Delta, and Omicron (BA.1) variants. Ninety-eight exhibited robust neutralization against at least one of the three variant types, while 309 showed minimal or no impact on infectivity. Thirty-eight mAbs enhanced infectivity of SARS-CoV-2. Infection with D614G/Alpha variants generated variant-specific (65 neutralizing Abs, 35 enhancing Abs) and cross-reactive (18 neutralizing Abs, 3 enhancing Abs) mAbs. Interestingly, among the neutralizing mAbs with cross-reactivity restricted to two of the three variants tested, none demonstrated specific neutralization of the Delta and Omicron variants. In contrast, cross-reactive mAbs enhancing infectivity (n = 3) were found exclusively specific to Delta and Omicron variants. Notably, two mAbs that amplified in vitro the cytopathic effect of the Delta variant also exhibited neutralization against Omicron. These findings shed light on functional diversity of cross-reactive Abs generated during SARS-CoV-2 infection and illustrate how the balance between neutralizing and enhancing Abs facilitate variant emergence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frédéric Coutant
- Immunogenomics and Inflammation Research Team, University of Lyon, Edouard Herriot Hospital, Lyon, France
- Immunology Department, Lyon-Sud Hospital, Hospices Civils of Lyon, Pierre-Bénite, France
| | - Franck Touret
- Unité des Virus Émergents (UVE: Aix-Marseille University - IRD 190 - Inserm 1207), Marseille, France
| | - Jean-Jacques Pin
- Eurobio Scientific/Dendritics – Edouard Herriot Hospital, Lyon, France
| | - Marina Alonzo
- Immunogenomics and Inflammation Research Team, University of Lyon, Edouard Herriot Hospital, Lyon, France
| | - Cécile Baronti
- Unité des Virus Émergents (UVE: Aix-Marseille University - IRD 190 - Inserm 1207), Marseille, France
| | - Sandie Munier
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR3569, Molecular Genetics of RNA Viruses Unit, Paris, France
| | - Mikaël Attia
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR3569, Molecular Genetics of RNA Viruses Unit, Paris, France
| | - Xavier de Lamballerie
- Unité des Virus Émergents (UVE: Aix-Marseille University - IRD 190 - Inserm 1207), Marseille, France
| | - Tristan Ferry
- Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Hospices Civils of Lyon - Croix-Rousse Hospital, Lyon, France
- CIRI, Inserm U1111, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon I, Lyon, France
| | - Pierre Miossec
- Immunogenomics and Inflammation Research Team, University of Lyon, Edouard Herriot Hospital, Lyon, France
- Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Edouard Herriot Hospital, Lyon, France
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Ishimaru H, Nishimura M, Shigematsu H, Marini MI, Hasegawa N, Takamiya R, Iwata S, Mori Y. Epitopes of an antibody that neutralizes a wide range of SARS-CoV-2 variants in a conserved subdomain 1 of the spike protein. J Virol 2024:e0041624. [PMID: 38624232 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00416-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024] Open
Abstract
The evolution of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has continued, enabling the virus to escape from host immunity by changing its spike antigen, while biased toward the receptor-binding domain and N-terminal domain. Here, we isolated a novel pan-SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibody (which we named MO11) for even the recent dominators XBB.1.16 and EG.5.1, from a convalescent patient who had received three doses of an original mRNA COVID-19 vaccination. A cryo-electron microscopy analysis of the spike-MO11 complex at 2.3 Å atomic resolution revealed that it recognizes a conserved epitope hidden behind a glycan shield at N331 on subdomain 1 (SD1), holding both the N- and C-terminal segments comprising SD1. Our identification of MO11 unveiled the functional importance of SD1 for the spike's function, and we discuss the potential availability of a novel common epitope among the SARS-CoV-2 variants.IMPORTANCENovel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 variants with immune evasion ability are still repeatedly emerging, nonetheless, a part of immunity developed in responding to the antigen of earlier variants retains efficacy against recent variants irrespective of the numerous mutations. In exploration for the broadly effective antibodies, we identified a cross-neutralizing antibody, named MO11, from the B cells of the convalescent patient. MO11 targets a novel epitope in subdomain 1 (SD1) and was effective against all emerging variants including XBB.1.16 and EG.5.1. The neutralizing activity covering from D614G to EG.5.1 variants was explained by the conservation of the epitope, and it revealed the importance of the subdomain on regulating the function of the antigen for viral infection. Demonstrated identification of the neutralizing antibody that recognizes a conserved epitope implies basal contribution of such group of antibodies for prophylaxis against COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanako Ishimaru
- Division of Clinical Virology, Center for Infectious Diseases, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Nishimura
- Division of Clinical Virology, Center for Infectious Diseases, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Hideki Shigematsu
- Structural Biology Division, Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute SPring-8, Sayo, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Maria Istiqomah Marini
- Division of Clinical Virology, Center for Infectious Diseases, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Natsumi Hasegawa
- Division of Clinical Virology, Center for Infectious Diseases, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Rei Takamiya
- Division of Clinical Virology, Center for Infectious Diseases, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Sachiyo Iwata
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Hyogo Prefectural Kakogawa Medical Center, Kakogawa, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Yasuko Mori
- Division of Clinical Virology, Center for Infectious Diseases, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
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Kimura-Someya T, Katsura K, Kato-Murayama M, Hosaka T, Uchikubo-Kamo T, Ihara K, Hanada K, Sato S, Murayama K, Kataoka M, Shirouzu M, Someya Y. Structural analyses of the GI.4 norovirus by cryo-electron microscopy and X-ray crystallography revealing binding sites for human monoclonal antibodies. J Virol 2024:e0019724. [PMID: 38593321 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00197-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Noroviruses are major causative agents of acute nonbacterial gastroenteritis in humans. There are neither antiviral therapeutic agents nor vaccines for noroviruses at this time. To evaluate the potential usefulness of two previously isolated human monoclonal antibody fragments, CV-1A1 and CV-2F5, we first conducted a single-particle analysis to determine the cryo-electron microscopy structure of virus-like particles (VLPs) from the genogroup I genotype 4 (GI.4) Chiba strain uniformly coated with CV-1A1 fragments. The results revealed that the GI.4-specific CV-1A1 antibody bound to the P2 subdomain, in which amino acids are less conserved and variable. Interestingly, a part of the CV-1A1 intrudes into the histo-blood group antigen-binding site, suggesting that this antibody might exert neutralizing activity. Next, we determined the crystal structure of the protruding (P) domain of the capsid protein in the complex form with the CV-2F5 antibody fragment. Consistent with the cross-reactivity, the CV-2F5 bound to the P1 subdomain, which is rich in amino acids conserved among the GI strains, and moreover induced a disruption of Chiba VLPs. These results suggest that the broadly reactive CV-2F5 antibody can be used as both a universal detection reagent and an antiviral drug for GI noroviruses. IMPORTANCE We conducted the structural analyses of the VP1 protein from the GI.4 Chiba norovirus to identify the binding sites of the previously isolated human monoclonal antibodies CV-1A1 and CV-2F5. The cryo-electron microscopy of the Chiba virus-like particles (VLPs) complexed with the Fv-clasp forms of GI.4-specific CV-1A1 revealed that this antibody binds to the highly variable P2 subdomain, suggesting that this antibody may have neutralizing ability against the GI.4 strains. X-ray crystallography revealed that the CV-2F5 antibody bound to the P1 subdomain, which is rich in conserved amino acids. This result is consistent with the ability of the CV-2F5 antibody to react with a wide variety of GI norovirus strains. It is also found that the CV-2F5 antibody caused a disruption of VLPs. Our findings, together with previous reports on the structures of VP1 proteins and VLPs, are expected to open a path for the structure-based development of antivirals and vaccines against norovirus disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kazushige Katsura
- RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | | | - Toshiaki Hosaka
- RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | | | - Kentaro Ihara
- RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kazuharu Hanada
- RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Shin Sato
- RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kazutaka Murayama
- RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Michiyo Kataoka
- Department of Pathology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mikako Shirouzu
- RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yuichi Someya
- Department of Virology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
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Lederhofer J, Tsybovsky Y, Nguyen L, Raab JE, Creanga A, Stephens T, Gillespie RA, Syeda HZ, Fisher BE, Skertic M, Yap C, Schaub AJ, Rawi R, Kwong PD, Graham BS, McDermott AB, Andrews SF, King NP, Kanekiyo M. Protective human monoclonal antibodies target conserved sites of vulnerability on the underside of influenza virus neuraminidase. Immunity 2024; 57:574-586.e7. [PMID: 38430907 PMCID: PMC10962683 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2024.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Continuously evolving influenza viruses cause seasonal epidemics and pose global pandemic threats. Although viral neuraminidase (NA) is an effective drug and vaccine target, our understanding of the NA antigenic landscape still remains incomplete. Here, we describe NA-specific human antibodies that target the underside of the NA globular head domain, inhibit viral propagation of a wide range of human H3N2, swine-origin variant H3N2, and H2N2 viruses, and confer both pre- and post-exposure protection against lethal H3N2 infection in mice. Cryo-EM structures of two such antibodies in complex with NA reveal non-overlapping epitopes covering the underside of the NA head. These sites are highly conserved among N2 NAs yet inaccessible unless the NA head tilts or dissociates. Our findings help guide the development of effective countermeasures against ever-changing influenza viruses by identifying hidden conserved sites of vulnerability on the NA underside.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Lederhofer
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Yaroslav Tsybovsky
- Vaccine Research Center Electron Microscopy Unit, Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research sponsored by the National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Lam Nguyen
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Julie E Raab
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Adrian Creanga
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Tyler Stephens
- Vaccine Research Center Electron Microscopy Unit, Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research sponsored by the National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Rebecca A Gillespie
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Hubza Z Syeda
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Brian E Fisher
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Michelle Skertic
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Christina Yap
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Andrew J Schaub
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Reda Rawi
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Peter D Kwong
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Barney S Graham
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Adrian B McDermott
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Sarah F Andrews
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Neil P King
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Masaru Kanekiyo
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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5
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Shin OS, Monticelli SR, Hjorth CK, Hornet V, Doyle M, Abelson D, Kuehne AI, Wang A, Bakken RR, Mishra A, Middlecamp M, Champney E, Stuart L, Maurer DP, Li J, Berrigan J, Barajas J, Balinandi S, Lutwama JJ, Lobel L, Zeitlin L, Walker LM, Dye JM, Chandran K, Herbert AS, Pauli NT, McLellan JS. Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Survivors Elicit Protective Non-Neutralizing Antibodies that Target 11 Overlapping Regions on Viral Glycoprotein GP38. bioRxiv 2024:2024.03.02.583110. [PMID: 38496658 PMCID: PMC10942344 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.02.583110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus can cause lethal disease in humans yet there are no approved medical countermeasures. Viral glycoprotein GP38, unique to Nairoviridae, is a target of protective antibodies, but extensive mapping of the human antibody response to GP38 has not been previously performed. Here, we isolated 188 GP38-specific antibodies from human survivors of infection. Competition experiments showed that these antibodies bind across five distinct antigenic sites, encompassing eleven overlapping regions. Additionally, we reveal structures of GP38 bound with nine of these antibodies targeting different antigenic sites. Although GP38-specific antibodies were non-neutralizing, several antibodies were found to have protection equal to or better than murine antibody 13G8 in two highly stringent rodent models of infection. Together, these data expand our understanding regarding this important viral protein and inform the development of broadly effective CCHFV antibody therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stephanie R. Monticelli
- U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, MD 21702, USA
- Geneva Foundation, Tacoma, WA 98042, USA
| | - Christy K. Hjorth
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | | | | | - Dafna Abelson
- Mapp Biopharmaceutical, Inc., San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Ana I. Kuehne
- U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Albert Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Russell R. Bakken
- U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Akaash Mishra
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | | | | | - Lauran Stuart
- Mapp Biopharmaceutical, Inc., San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | | | | | - Jacob Berrigan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | | | | | | | - Leslie Lobel
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Larry Zeitlin
- Mapp Biopharmaceutical, Inc., San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | | | - John M. Dye
- U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Kartik Chandran
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Andrew S. Herbert
- U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, MD 21702, USA
| | | | - Jason S. McLellan
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
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Yoshijima C, Suzuki Y, Oda A, Tanaka R, Ono H, Itoh H, Ohno K. Usefulness of Belimumab in Adult Patients With Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Evaluated Using Single Indexes: A Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review. Curr Ther Res Clin Exp 2024; 100:100738. [PMID: 38516027 PMCID: PMC10955281 DOI: 10.1016/j.curtheres.2024.100738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Background Belimumab is the first antibody drug approved for systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and is a fully human monoclonal antibody that inhibits soluble B lymphocyte stimulator protein. In clinical trials, a composite index was used to assess efficacy of belimumab. However, clinical guidelines on SLE treatment currently use single efficacy indexes. Objective The main objective of this study was to perform a meta-analysis to evaluate the efficacy of belimumab utilizing single indexes used in routine clinical practice, rather than the composite efficacy index used in clinical trials during the development phase. As a secondary endpoint, safety was also evaluated. Methods Several databases were searched to identify reports published up to December 1, 2021 on randomized controlled trials examining the efficacy of belimumab in adult patients with SLE. From the clinical trial data, efficacy was evaluated using single indexes including the SLE Disease Activity Index (SLEDAI), British Isles Lupus Assessment Group Index, and Physician Global Assessment. Safety was also assessed. Data were synthesized and analyzed using Review Manager 5.4. This study protocol was registered in the UMIN Clinical Trials Registry (Registration number: UMIN000052846). Results The search identified 12 reports that met the inclusion criteria. Five reports were included in efficacy evaluation and 9 in safety evaluation. The primary endpoint was SLEDAI. Significantly more belimumab-treated patients achieved a ≥4-point reduction in SLEDAI (relative risk 1.28; 95% confidence interval, 1.16-1.40; P < 0.00001) compared with placebo. Other efficacy endpoints were also improved significantly in the belimumab group. No difference in safety was found between belimumab and placebo. Conclusions The present meta-analysis evaluating clinical trial data using various single indexes recommended by clinical guidelines for SLE verifies that addition of belimumab to standard of care is efficacious for moderate-to-severe SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chisato Yoshijima
- Department of Medication Use Analysis and Clinical Research, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, Kiyose, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yosuke Suzuki
- Department of Medication Use Analysis and Clinical Research, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, Kiyose, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ayako Oda
- Department of Medication Use Analysis and Clinical Research, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, Kiyose, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryota Tanaka
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Oita University Hospital, Yufu, Oita, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Ono
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Oita University Hospital, Yufu, Oita, Japan
| | - Hiroki Itoh
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Oita University Hospital, Yufu, Oita, Japan
| | - Keiko Ohno
- Department of Medication Use Analysis and Clinical Research, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, Kiyose, Tokyo, Japan
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7
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Kramer CSM, Bezstarosti S, Franke-van Dijk MEI, Vergunst M, Roelen DL, Uyar-Mercankaya M, Voogt-Bakker KH, Heidt S. Antibody verification of HLA class I and class II eplets by human monoclonal HLA antibodies. HLA 2024; 103:e15345. [PMID: 38239050 DOI: 10.1111/tan.15345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
In solid organ transplantation, formation of de novo donor-specific HLA antibodies is induced by mismatched eplets on donor HLA molecules. While several studies have shown a strong correlation between the number of eplet mismatches and inferior outcomes, not every eplet mismatch is immunogenic. Eplets are theoretically defined entities, necessitating formal proof that they can be recognised and bound by antibodies. This antibody verification is pivotal to ensure that clinically relevant eplets are considered in studies on molecular matching. Recombinant human HLA-specific monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) were generated from HLA-reactive B cell clones isolated from HLA immunised individuals using recombinant HLA molecules. Subsequently, the reactivity patterns of the mAbs obtained from single antigen bead assay were analysed using HLA-EMMA software to identify single or configurations of solvent accessible amino acids uniquely present on the reactive HLA alleles and were mapped to eplets. Two HLA class I and seven HLA class II-specific human mAbs were generated from four individuals. Extensive mAb reactivity analysis, led to antibody verification of three HLA-DR-specific eplets, and conversion of five eplets (one HLA-A, one HLA-B, two HLA-DR, and one HLA-DP), from provisionally verified to truly antibody-verified. Finally, one HLA-DQ-specific eplet was upgraded from level A2 to level A1 verification evidence. The generation of recombinant human HLA-specific mAbs with different specificities contributes significantly to the antibody verification of eplets and therefore is instrumental for implementation of eplet matching in the clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia S M Kramer
- Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Suzanne Bezstarosti
- Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Nephrology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Manon Vergunst
- Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Dave L Roelen
- Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Kim H Voogt-Bakker
- Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Sebastiaan Heidt
- Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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8
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Mori N, Hirai J, Asai N, Mikamo H. Efficacy of Bezlotoxumab Against Clostridioides difficile Infection: A Case-Series Study at a University Hospital in Japan and Literature Review. Cureus 2023; 15:e42779. [PMID: 37664309 PMCID: PMC10469635 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.42779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) recurrence is a public health concern as well as a health economic burden. Bezlotoxumab treatment is one way to prevent recurrence; however, its clinical results have not been reported in Japan. Therefore, we investigated the efficacy and safety of bezlotoxumab in patients with CDI at a university hospital in Japan and compared them with previously reported findings. Methodology We retrospectively examined all patients with some risk factors for recurrent CDI who received bezlotoxumab at the discretion of physicians at the Aichi Medical University Hospital, Aichi, Japan, between July 2018 and July 2022. The primary outcome was the three-month CDI recurrence rate. The secondary outcomes were an initial clinical cure and the six-month CDI recurrence rate. The safety of the administration was also assessed. Results A total of nine patients who received bezlotoxumab were included during the study period. The rate of CDI recurrence within three months was 28.5% (2/9). Two patients died due to other causes before their diarrhea improved. None of the patients experienced CDI recurrence between three and six months after the initial clinical cure of the baseline episode. Patients showed good tolerability to bezlotoxumab with no adverse effects. Two patients with a single episode of CDI recurrence before bezlotoxumab administration showed no recurrence. Conclusions In this Japanese case-series study, the efficacy of bezlotoxumab in preventing CDI recurrence in elderly patients with CDI and multiple underlying diseases was inferior to that reported in previous studies that analyzed real-world data. It is possible that bezlotoxumab may not be fully effective in elderly patients with CDI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuaki Mori
- Department of Clinical Infectious Diseases, Aichi Medical University, Aichi, JPN
| | - Jun Hirai
- Department of Clinical Infectious Diseases, Aichi Medical University, Aichi, JPN
| | - Nobuhiro Asai
- Department of Clinical Infectious Diseases, Aichi Medical University, Aichi, JPN
| | - Hiroshige Mikamo
- Department of Clinical Infectious Diseases, Aichi Medical University, Aichi, JPN
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9
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Gao R, Wang Z, Uprety T, Sreenivasan CC, Sheng Z, Hause BM, Brunick C, Wu H, Luke T, Bausch CL, Sullivan EJ, Hoppe AD, Huber VC, Wang D, Li F. A fully human monoclonal antibody possesses antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) activity against the H1 subtype of influenza A virus by targeting a conserved epitope at the HA1 protomer interface. J Med Virol 2023; 95:e28901. [PMID: 37394780 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.28901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
The DiversitabTM system produces target specific high titer fully human polyclonal IgG immunoglobulins from transchromosomic (Tc) bovines shown to be safe and effective against multiple virulent pathogens in animal studies and Phase 1, 2 and 3 human clinical trials. We describe the functional properties of a human monoclonal antibody (mAb), 38C2, identified from this platform, which recognizes recombinant H1 hemagglutinins (HAs) and induces appreciable antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) activity in vitro. Interestingly, 38C2 monoclonal antibody demonstrated no detectable neutralizing activity against H1N1 virus in both hemagglutination inhibition and virus neutralization assays. Nevertheless, this human monoclonal antibody induced appreciable ADCC against cells infected with multiple H1N1 strains. The HA-binding activity of 38C2 was also demonstrated in flow cytometry using Madin-Darby canine kidney cells infected with multiple influenza A H1N1 viruses. Through further investigation with the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay involving the HA peptide array and 3-dimensional structural modeling, we demonstrated that 38C2 appears to target a conserved epitope located at the HA1 protomer interface of H1N1 influenza viruses. A novel mode of HA-binding and in vitro ADCC activity pave the way for further evaluation of 38C2 as a potential therapeutic agent to treat influenza virus infections in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongyuan Gao
- Department of Biology and Microbiology, South Dakota State University, Brookings, South Dakota, USA
| | - Zhao Wang
- Department of Biology and Microbiology, South Dakota State University, Brookings, South Dakota, USA
| | - Tirth Uprety
- Department of Veterinary Science, Maxwell H. Gluck Equine Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Chithra C Sreenivasan
- Department of Veterinary Science, Maxwell H. Gluck Equine Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Zizhang Sheng
- Zuckerman Mind Brian Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Ben M Hause
- Research and Development Division, Cambridge Technologies Inc, Worthington, Minnesota, USA
| | - Colin Brunick
- Division of Basic Biomedical Sciences, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, South Dakota, USA
| | - Hua Wu
- SAB Biotherapeutics, Sioux Falls, South Dakota, USA
| | - Thomas Luke
- SAB Biotherapeutics, Sioux Falls, South Dakota, USA
| | | | | | - Adam D Hoppe
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, South Dakota State University, Brookings, South Dakota, USA
| | - Victor C Huber
- Division of Basic Biomedical Sciences, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, South Dakota, USA
| | - Dan Wang
- Department of Veterinary Science, Maxwell H. Gluck Equine Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Feng Li
- Department of Veterinary Science, Maxwell H. Gluck Equine Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
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10
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Ishimaru H, Nishimura M, Tjan LH, Sutandhio S, Marini MI, Effendi GB, Shigematsu H, Kato K, Hasegawa N, Aoki K, Kurahashi Y, Furukawa K, Shinohara M, Nakamura T, Arii J, Nagano T, Nakamura S, Sano S, Iwata S, Okamura S, Mori Y. Identification and Analysis of Monoclonal Antibodies with Neutralizing Activity against Diverse SARS-CoV-2 Variants. J Virol 2023; 97:e0028623. [PMID: 37191569 PMCID: PMC10308935 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00286-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
We identified neutralizing monoclonal antibodies against severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants (including Omicron variants BA.5 and BA.2.75) from individuals who received two doses of mRNA vaccination after they had been infected with the D614G virus. We named them MO1, MO2, and MO3. Among them, MO1 showed particularly high neutralizing activity against authentic variants: D614G, Delta, BA.1, BA.1.1, BA.2, BA.2.75, and BA.5. Furthermore, MO1 suppressed BA.5 infection in hamsters. A structural analysis revealed that MO1 binds to the conserved epitope of seven variants, including Omicron variants BA.5 and BA.2.75, in the receptor-binding domain of the spike protein. MO1 targets an epitope conserved among Omicron variants BA.1, BA.2, and BA.5 in a unique binding mode. Our findings confirm that D614G-derived vaccination can induce neutralizing antibodies that recognize the epitopes conserved among the SARS-CoV-2 variants. IMPORTANCE Omicron variants of SARS-CoV-2 acquired escape ability from host immunity and authorized antibody therapeutics and thereby have been spreading worldwide. We reported that patients infected with an early SARS-CoV-2 variant, D614G, and who received subsequent two-dose mRNA vaccination have high neutralizing antibody titer against Omicron lineages. It was speculated that the patients have neutralizing antibodies broadly effective against SARS-CoV-2 variants by targeting common epitopes. Here, we explored human monoclonal antibodies from B cells of the patients. One of the monoclonal antibodies, named MO1, showed high potency against broad SARS-CoV-2 variants including BA.2.75 and BA.5 variants. The results prove that monoclonal antibodies that have common neutralizing epitopes among several Omicrons were produced in patients infected with D614G and who received mRNA vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanako Ishimaru
- Division of Clinical Virology, Center for Infectious Diseases, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Nishimura
- Division of Clinical Virology, Center for Infectious Diseases, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Lidya Handayani Tjan
- Division of Clinical Virology, Center for Infectious Diseases, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Silvia Sutandhio
- Division of Clinical Virology, Center for Infectious Diseases, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Maria Istiqomah Marini
- Division of Clinical Virology, Center for Infectious Diseases, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Gema Barlian Effendi
- Division of Clinical Virology, Center for Infectious Diseases, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Hideki Shigematsu
- Structural Biology Division, Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute SPring-8, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Koji Kato
- Structural Biology Division, Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute SPring-8, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Natsumi Hasegawa
- Division of Clinical Virology, Center for Infectious Diseases, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Kaito Aoki
- Division of Clinical Virology, Center for Infectious Diseases, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Yukiya Kurahashi
- Division of Clinical Virology, Center for Infectious Diseases, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Koichi Furukawa
- Division of Clinical Virology, Center for Infectious Diseases, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Mai Shinohara
- Division of Clinical Virology, Center for Infectious Diseases, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Tomoka Nakamura
- Division of Clinical Virology, Center for Infectious Diseases, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Jun Arii
- Division of Clinical Virology, Center for Infectious Diseases, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Nagano
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Sachiko Nakamura
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Hyogo Prefectural Kakogawa Medical Center, Kakogawa, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Shigeru Sano
- Acute Care Medical Center, Hyogo Prefectural Kakogawa Medical Center, Kakogawa, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Sachiyo Iwata
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Hyogo Prefectural Kakogawa Medical Center, Kakogawa, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Shinya Okamura
- The Research Foundation for Microbial Diseases of Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yasuko Mori
- Division of Clinical Virology, Center for Infectious Diseases, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
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Tatzber F, Wonisch W, Resch U, Strohmaier W, Lindschinger M, Mörkl S, Cvirn G. Thinking beyond Vaccination: Promising Add-On Strategies to Active Immunization and Vaccination in Pandemics-A Mini-Review. Viruses 2023; 15:1372. [PMID: 37376671 DOI: 10.3390/v15061372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
There is little doubt that final victories over pandemics, such as COVID-19, are attributed to herd immunity, either through post-disease convalescence or active immunization of a high percentage of the world's population with vaccines, which demonstrate protection from infection and transmission and are available in large quantities at reasonable prices. However, it is assumable that humans with immune defects or immune suppression, e.g., as a consequence of allograft transplantation, cannot be immunized actively nor produce sufficient immune responses to prevent SARS-CoV-2 infections. These subjects desperately need other strategies, such as sophisticated protection measures and passive immunization. Hypertonic salt solutions attack vulnerable core areas of viruses; i.e., salt denatures surface proteins and thus prohibits virus penetration of somatic cells. It has to be ensured that somatic proteins are not affected by denaturation regarding this unspecific virus protection. Impregnating filtering facepieces with hypertonic salt solutions is a straightforward way to inactivate viruses and other potential pathogens. As a result of the contact of salt crystals on the filtering facepiece, these pathogens become denatured and inactivated almost quantitatively. Such a strategy could be easily applied to fight against the COVID-19 pandemic and other ones that may occur in the future. Another possible tool to fight the COVID-19 pandemic is passive immunization with antibodies against SARS-CoV-2, preferably from human origin. Such antibodies can be harvested from human patients' sera who have successfully survived their SARS-CoV-2 infection. The disadvantage of a rapid decrease in the immunoglobulin titer after the infection ends can be overcome by immortalizing antibody-producing B cells via fusion with, e.g., mouse myeloma cells. The resulting monoclonal antibodies are then of human origin and available in, at least theoretically, unlimited amounts. Finally, dry blood spots are a valuable tool for surveilling a population's immunity. The add-on strategies were selected as examples for immediate, medium and long-term assistance and therefore did not raise any claim to completeness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franz Tatzber
- Omnignostica Ltd., 3421 Höflein an der Danube, Austria
| | | | - Ulrike Resch
- Department of Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Meinrad Lindschinger
- Outpatient Clinic Laßnitzhöhe, Institute of Nutritional and Metabolic Diseases, 8301 Laßnitzhöhe, Austria
| | - Sabrina Mörkl
- Division of Medical Psychology, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Gerhard Cvirn
- Otto Loewi Research Center, Division of Physiological Chemistry, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
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12
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Furuta RA, Yasui T, Minamitani T, Akiba H, Toyoda C, Tobita R, Yasui K, Aminaka R, Masaki M, Satake M. Development of a recombinant hepatitis B immunoglobulin derived from B cells collected from healthy individuals administered with hepatitis B virus vaccines: A feasibility study. Transfusion 2023. [PMID: 37119513 DOI: 10.1111/trf.17382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Revised: 04/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In Japan, plasma with a high concentration of Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) antibodies for hepatitis B immunoglobulin (HBIG) is almost entirely imported. We aimed to produce recombinant HBIG by isolating immunoglobulin cDNAs against the HBV surface antigen (HBsAg). STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS B cells expressing HBsAg antibodies were obtained from blood center personnel who had been administered HB vaccine booster and then isolated by either an Epstein-Barr virus hybridoma or an antigen-specific memory B cell sorting method. Each cDNA of the heavy and light chains of the target antibody was cloned into an IgG1 expression vector and transfected into Expi293F cells to produce a recombinant monoclonal antibody (mAb), which was screened by ELISA and in vitro HBV neutralizing assays. The cross-reactivity of the mAbs to normal human molecules was evaluated by ELISA and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Antibody cDNAs were cloned from 11 hybridoma cell lines and 204 HBsAg-bound memory B cells. Three of the resulting recombinant mAbs showed stronger neutralizing activity in vitro than the currently used HBIG. All three bind to the conformational epitope(s) of HBsAg but not to human DNA or cells. DISCUSSION We successfully isolated HBV-neutralizing monoclonal antibodies from B cells collected from healthy plasma donors boosted against the HBV. To obtain an alternative source for HBIG, HBV-neutralizing monoclonal antibodies from B cells collected from healthy plasma donors boosted against the HBV may be useful.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rika A Furuta
- Central Blood Institute, Blood Service Headquarters, Japanese Red Cross Society, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Teruhito Yasui
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Immunity, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takeharu Minamitani
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Immunity, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Osaka, Japan
- Toyama Prefectural Institute for Pharmaceutical Research, Toyama, Japan
| | - Hiroki Akiba
- Laboratory of Pharmacokinetic Optimization, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Osaka, Japan
- Laboratory of Biopharmaceutical Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Chizu Toyoda
- Japanese Red Cross Kanto-Koushinetsu Block Blood Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryutaro Tobita
- Japanese Red Cross Kanto-Koushinetsu Block Blood Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuta Yasui
- Japanese Red Cross Kinki Block Blood Center, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ryota Aminaka
- Japanese Red Cross Kinki Block Blood Center, Osaka, Japan
| | - Mikako Masaki
- Japanese Red Cross Kinki Block Blood Center, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masahiro Satake
- Central Blood Institute, Blood Service Headquarters, Japanese Red Cross Society, Tokyo, Japan
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13
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Choi HL, Yang HR, Shin HG, Hwang K, Kim JW, Lee JH, Ryu T, Jung Y, Lee S. Generation and Next-Generation Sequencing-Based Characterization of a Large Human Combinatorial Antibody Library. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24066011. [PMID: 36983085 PMCID: PMC10057307 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24066011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibody phage display is a key technology for the discovery and development of target-specific monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) for use in research, diagnostics, and therapy. The construction of a high-quality antibody library, with larger and more diverse antibody repertoires, is essential for the successful development of phage display-derived mAbs. In this study, a large human combinatorial single-chain variable fragment library (1.5 × 1011 colonies) was constructed from Epstein-Barr virus-infected human peripheral blood mononuclear cells stimulated with a combination of two of the activators of human B cells, the Toll-like receptor 7/8 agonist R848 and interleukin-2. Next-generation sequencing analysis with approximately 1.9 × 106 and 2.7 × 106 full-length sequences of heavy chain variable (VH) and κ light chain variable (Vκ) domains, respectively, revealed that the library consists of unique VH (approximately 94%) and Vκ (approximately 91%) sequences with greater diversity than germline sequences. Lastly, multiple unique mAbs with high affinity and broad cross-species reactivity could be isolated from the library against two therapeutically relevant target antigens, validating the library quality. These findings suggest that the novel antibody library we have developed may be useful for the rapid development of target-specific phage display-derived recombinant human mAbs for use in therapeutic and diagnostic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Lim Choi
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Chemistry, Kookmin University, Seoul 02707, Republic of Korea
| | - Ha Rim Yang
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Chemistry, Kookmin University, Seoul 02707, Republic of Korea
| | - Ha Gyeong Shin
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Chemistry, Kookmin University, Seoul 02707, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyusang Hwang
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Chemistry, Kookmin University, Seoul 02707, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Woong Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Kookmin University, Seoul 02707, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hyun Lee
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Chemistry, Kookmin University, Seoul 02707, Republic of Korea
| | - Taehoon Ryu
- ATG Lifetech Inc., Seoul 08507, Republic of Korea
| | - Yushin Jung
- ATG Lifetech Inc., Seoul 08507, Republic of Korea
| | - Sukmook Lee
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Chemistry, Kookmin University, Seoul 02707, Republic of Korea
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Kookmin University, Seoul 02707, Republic of Korea
- Antibody Research Institute, Kookmin University, Seoul 02707, Republic of Korea
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14
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Osaki T, Souri M, Ozawa T, Muraguchi A, Ichinose A. Epitope analysis of human monoclonal antibodies from a patient with autoimmune factor XIII deficiency reveals their inhibitory mechanisms. FEBS Lett 2023; 597:1275-1289. [PMID: 36876994 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
Abstract
Autoimmune coagulation factor XIII (FXIII) deficiency (AiF13D) is a bleeding disorder caused by anti-FXIII autoantibodies. Recently, we generated human monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) from the peripheral blood of an AiF13D patient and classified them into three groups: FXIII-dissociation inhibitor, FXIII-assembly inhibitor, and non-neutralizing/inhibitory mAbs. However, the epitope region and molecular inhibitory mechanism of each mAb remain unknown. Here, we localized the epitope regions of the representative inhibitory mAbs A69K (dissociation inhibitor) and A78L (assembly inhibitor) to the β-barrel-2 domain and boundary of β-barrel-1&2 domains, respectively, of the FXIII-A subunit, by combining a binding assay using its synthesized peptides and a protease-protection assay. Our findings suggest that A69K inhibits the activation-related conformational changes and dissociation of FXIII and that A78L competitively inhibits FXIII-assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsukasa Osaki
- Department of Molecular Patho-Biochemistry and Patho-Biology, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Japan
- The Japanese Collaborative Research Group (JCRG) on Autoimmune Acquired Coagulation Factor Deficiencies supported by the Japanese Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare (MHLW), Yamagata, Japan
- Department of Public Health and Hygiene, Yamagata University Graduate School of Medical Science, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Souri
- Department of Molecular Patho-Biochemistry and Patho-Biology, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Japan
- The Japanese Collaborative Research Group (JCRG) on Autoimmune Acquired Coagulation Factor Deficiencies supported by the Japanese Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare (MHLW), Yamagata, Japan
- Department of Public Health and Hygiene, Yamagata University Graduate School of Medical Science, Japan
| | - Tatsuhiko Ozawa
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Academic Assembly, University of Toyama, Japan
| | - Atsushi Muraguchi
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Academic Assembly, University of Toyama, Japan
| | - Akitada Ichinose
- Department of Molecular Patho-Biochemistry and Patho-Biology, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Japan
- The Japanese Collaborative Research Group (JCRG) on Autoimmune Acquired Coagulation Factor Deficiencies supported by the Japanese Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare (MHLW), Yamagata, Japan
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15
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Burm R, Van Houtte F, Verhoye L, Mesalam AA, Ciesek S, Roingeard P, Wedemeyer H, Leroux-Roels G, Meuleman P. A human monoclonal antibody against HBsAg for the prevention and treatment of chronic HBV and HDV infection. JHEP Rep 2023; 5:100646. [PMID: 36748051 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhepr.2022.100646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Background & Aims Elimination of chronic HBV/HDV infection remains a major global health challenge. Targeting excessive hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) release may provide an interesting window of opportunity to break immune tolerance and to achieve a functional cure using additional antivirals. Methods We evaluated a HBsAg-specific human monoclonal antibody, as part of either a prophylactic or therapeutic strategy, against HBV/HDV infection in cell culture models and in human-liver chimeric mice. To assess prophylactic efficacy, mice were passively immunized prior to infection with HBV or HBV/HDV (coinfection and superinfection setting). Therapeutic efficacy was assessed in HBV and HBV/HDV-coinfected mice receiving 4 weeks of treatment. Viral parameters (HBV DNA, HDV RNA and HBsAg) were assessed in mouse plasma. Results The antibody could effectively prevent HBV/HDV infection in a dose-dependent manner with IC50 values of ∼3.5 ng/ml. Passive immunization showed complete protection of mice from both HBV and HBV/HDV coinfection. Moreover, HDV superinfection was either completely prevented or at least attenuated in HBV-infected mice. Finally, antibody treatment in mice with established HBV/HDV infection resulted in a significant decline in viremia and a concomitant drop in on-treatment HBsAg, with a moderate viral rebound following treatment cessation. Conclusion We present data on a valuable antibody candidate that could complement other antivirals in strategies aimed at achieving functional cure of chronic HBV and HDV infection. Impact and implications Patients chronically infected with HBV may eventually develop liver cancer and are at great risk of being superinfected with HDV, which worsens and accelerates disease progression. Unfortunately, current treatments can rarely eliminate both viruses from chronically infected patients. In this study, we present data on a novel antibody that is able to prevent chronic HBV/HDV infection in a mouse model with a humanized liver. Moreover, antibody treatment of HBV/HDV-infected mice strongly diminishes viral loads during therapy. This antibody is a valuable candidate for further clinical development.
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16
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Souri M, Ozawa T, Osaki T, Koyama T, Muraguchi A, Ichinose A. Cloning of human anti-factor XIII monoclonal antibody dissects mechanisms of polyclonal antibodies in a single patient. J Thromb Haemost 2023; 21:255-268. [PMID: 36700504 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtha.2022.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coagulation factor XIII (FXIII) consists of 2 A (FXIII-A) and 2 B (FXIII-B) subunits that cross-link and strengthen the hemostatic fibrin thrombus; thus, abnormal bleeding occurs when FXIII is significantly reduced. Autoimmune-acquired FXIII deficiency (AiF13D) is characterized by lethal bleeding secondary to the development of autoantibodies against FXIII. However, since anti-FXIII autoantibodies are polyclonal, the mechanism underlying FXIII dysfunction is unclear. OBJECTIVES The objective of this study was to dissect the inhibitory mechanisms of polyclonal anti-FXIII autoantibodies. METHODS In this study, we prepared the human monoclonal antibodies (hmAbs) from the peripheral blood of an 86-year-old man with AiF13D by using a new complementary DNA cloning method and analyzed the properties of each autoantibody. RESULTS Seventeen clones obtained from hmAbs were divided into the following 3 groups: dissociation inhibitors of FXIII-A2B2 (6 clones), assembly inhibitors of FXIII-A2B2 (3 clones), and nonneutralizing/inhibitory hmAbs (8 clones). Dissociation inhibitors strongly inhibited fibrin cross-linking and amine incorporation. Assembly inhibitors extracted FXIII-A from FXIII-A2B2, strongly inhibited binding of FXIII-A to FXIII-B, and activation peptide cleavage. However, the patient's plasma presented a strong inhibition of A2B2 heterodimer assembly but only a slight inhibition of thrombin-Ca2+-dependent dissociation, suggesting that the assembly inhibitors concealed the effect of dissociation inhibitors in plasma. By contrast, nonneutralizing antibodies had little effect on the function of FXIII, suggesting that nonneutralizing hmAbs (and/or dissociation inhibitors and/or assembly inhibitors) promoted the clearance of FXIII-A from the blood. CONCLUSION Cloning of anti-FXIII autoantibodies enabled us to not only elucidate the mechanism and pathophysiology of AiF13D but also develop a completely new type of anticoagulant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masayoshi Souri
- Department of Molecular Patho-Biochemistry and Patho-Biology, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan; The Japanese Collaborative Research Group (JCRG) on Autoimmune Acquired Coagulation Factor Deficiencies supported by the Japanese Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Public Health and Hygiene, Yamagata University Graduate School of Medical Science, 2-2-2, Iida-Nishi, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Tatsuhiko Ozawa
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Academic Assembly, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Tsukasa Osaki
- Department of Molecular Patho-Biochemistry and Patho-Biology, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan; The Japanese Collaborative Research Group (JCRG) on Autoimmune Acquired Coagulation Factor Deficiencies supported by the Japanese Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takatoshi Koyama
- Department of Hematology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsushi Muraguchi
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Academic Assembly, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Akitada Ichinose
- Department of Molecular Patho-Biochemistry and Patho-Biology, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan; The Japanese Collaborative Research Group (JCRG) on Autoimmune Acquired Coagulation Factor Deficiencies supported by the Japanese Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare, Tokyo, Japan.
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17
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Sootichote R, Puangmanee W, Benjathummarak S, Kowaboot S, Yamanaka A, Boonnak K, Ampawong S, Chatchen S, Ramasoota P, Pitaksajjakul P. Potential Protective Effect of Dengue NS1 Human Monoclonal Antibodies against Dengue and Zika Virus Infections. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11010227. [PMID: 36672734 PMCID: PMC9855337 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11010227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 01/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to the lack of an effective therapeutic treatment to flavivirus, dengue virus (DENV) nonstructural protein 1 (NS1) has been considered to develop a vaccine owing to its lack of a role in antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE). However, both NS1 and its antibody have shown cross-reactivity to host molecules and have stimulated anti-DENV NS1 antibody-mediated endothelial damage and platelet dysfunction. To overcome the pathogenic events and reactogenicity, human monoclonal antibodies (HuMAbs) against DENV NS1 were generated from DENV-infected patients. Herein, the four DENV NS1-specific HuMAbs revealed the therapeutic effects in viral neutralization, reduction of viral replication, and enhancement of cell cytolysis of DENV and zika virus (ZIKV) via complement pathway. Furthermore, we demonstrate that DENV and ZIKV NS1 trigger endothelial dysfunction, leading to vascular permeability in vitro. Nevertheless, the pathogenic effects from NS1 were impeded by 2 HuMAbs (D25-4D4C3 and D25-2B11E7) and also protected the massive cytokines stimulation (interleukin [IL-]-1b, IL-1ra, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-8, IL-9, IL-13, IL-17, eotaxin, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, Inducible protein-10, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, macrophage inflammatory protein [MIP]-1 α, MIP-1β, tumor necrosis factor-α, platelet-derived growth factor, and RANTES). Collectively, our findings suggest that the novel protective NS1 monoclonal antibodies generated from humans has multiple therapeutic benefits against DENV and ZIKV infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rochanawan Sootichote
- Department of Social and Environmental Medicine, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Wilarat Puangmanee
- Department of Social and Environmental Medicine, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Surachet Benjathummarak
- Center of Excellence for Antibody Research, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Siriporn Kowaboot
- Faculty of Medical Technology, Rangsit University, Pathumthani 12000, Thailand
| | - Atsushi Yamanaka
- Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Korbporn Boonnak
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
| | - Sumate Ampawong
- Department of Tropical Pathology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Supawat Chatchen
- Department of Tropical Pediatrics, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Pongrama Ramasoota
- Department of Social and Environmental Medicine, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
- Center of Excellence for Antibody Research, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Pannamthip Pitaksajjakul
- Department of Social and Environmental Medicine, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
- Center of Excellence for Antibody Research, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +66-023069186 or +66-0899858305
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18
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Romanenko YO, Silkina MV, Kartseva AS, Marin MA, Shkuratova MA, Makarova MA, Ryabko AK, Konyshkova DA, Zeninskaya NA, Khlyntseva AE, Shemyakin IG, Firstova VV. Characterization of the C6D7-RBD Human Monoclonal Antibody Specific to the SARS-CoV-2 S Protein Receptor-Binding Domain. Acta Naturae 2023; 15:81-86. [PMID: 37153507 PMCID: PMC10154778 DOI: 10.32607/actanaturae.11849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The new coronavirus infection COVID-19 is an acute viral disease that affects primarily the upper respiratory tract. The etiological agent of COVID-19 is the SARS-CoV-2 RNA virus (Coronaviridae family, Betacoronavirus genus, Sarbecovirus subgenus). We have developed a high-affinity human monoclonal antibody, called C6D7-RBD, which is specific to the S protein receptor-binding domain (RBD) from the SARS-CoV-2 Wuhan-Hu-1 strain and exhibits virus-neutralizing activity in a test with recombinant antigens: angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and RBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya. O. Romanenko
- Federal Budget Institution of Science State Research Center for Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, Obolensk, Moscow region, 142279 Russian Federation
| | - M. V. Silkina
- Federal Budget Institution of Science State Research Center for Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, Obolensk, Moscow region, 142279 Russian Federation
| | - A. S. Kartseva
- Federal Budget Institution of Science State Research Center for Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, Obolensk, Moscow region, 142279 Russian Federation
| | - M. A. Marin
- Federal Budget Institution of Science State Research Center for Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, Obolensk, Moscow region, 142279 Russian Federation
| | - M. A. Shkuratova
- Federal Budget Institution of Science State Research Center for Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, Obolensk, Moscow region, 142279 Russian Federation
| | - M. A. Makarova
- Federal Budget Institution of Science State Research Center for Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, Obolensk, Moscow region, 142279 Russian Federation
| | - A. K. Ryabko
- Federal Budget Institution of Science State Research Center for Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, Obolensk, Moscow region, 142279 Russian Federation
| | - D. A. Konyshkova
- Federal Budget Institution of Science State Research Center for Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, Obolensk, Moscow region, 142279 Russian Federation
| | - N. A. Zeninskaya
- Federal Budget Institution of Science State Research Center for Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, Obolensk, Moscow region, 142279 Russian Federation
| | - A. E. Khlyntseva
- Federal Budget Institution of Science State Research Center for Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, Obolensk, Moscow region, 142279 Russian Federation
| | - I. G. Shemyakin
- Federal Budget Institution of Science State Research Center for Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, Obolensk, Moscow region, 142279 Russian Federation
| | - V. V. Firstova
- Federal Budget Institution of Science State Research Center for Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, Obolensk, Moscow region, 142279 Russian Federation
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19
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Cobb RR, Nkolola J, Gilchuk P, Chandrashekar A, Yu J, House RV, Earnhart CG, Dorsey NM, Hopkins SA, Snow DM, Chen RE, VanBlargan LA, Hechenblaickner M, Hoppe B, Collins L, Tomic MT, Nonet GH, Hackett K, Slaughter JC, Lewis MG, Andersen H, Cook A, Diamond MS, Carnahan RH, Barouch DH, Crowe JE. A combination of two human neutralizing antibodies prevents SARS-CoV-2 infection in cynomolgus macaques. Med 2022; 3:188-203.e4. [PMID: 35132398 PMCID: PMC8810411 DOI: 10.1016/j.medj.2022.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human monoclonal antibody (mAb) treatments are promising for COVID-19 prevention or therapy. The pre-exposure prophylactic efficacy of neutralizing antibodies that are engineered with mutations to extend their persistence in human serum and the neutralizing antibody titer in serum required for protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection remain poorly characterized. METHODS The Fc region of two neutralizing mAbs (COV2-2130 and COV2-2381) targeting non-overlapping epitopes on the receptor binding domain of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein was engineered to extend their persistence in humans and reduce interactions with Fc gamma receptors. We assessed protection by individual antibodies or a combination of the two antibodies (designated ADM03820) given prophylactically by an intravenous or intramuscular route in a non-human primate (NHP) model of SARS-CoV-2 infection. FINDINGS Passive transfer of individual mAbs or ADM03820 conferred virological protection in the NHP respiratory tract in a dose-dependent manner, and ADM03820 potently neutralized SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern in vitro. We defined a protective serum-neutralizing antibody titer and concentration in NHPs for passively transferred human antibodies that acted by direct viral neutralization. CONCLUSIONS In summary, we demonstrate that neutralizing antibodies with extended half-life and lacking Fc-mediated effector functions are efficient for pre-exposure prophylaxis of SARS-CoV-2 infection in NHPs. These results support clinical development of ADM03820 for COVID-19 prevention. FUNDING This research was supported by a contract from the JPEO-CBRND (W911QY-20-9-003, 20-05); the Joint Sciences and Technology Office and Joint Program Executive Office (MCDC-16-01-002 JSTO, JPEO); a DARPA grant (HR0011-18-2-0001); an NIH grant (R01 AI157155); and the 2019 Future Insight Prize from Merck KGaA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald R Cobb
- Ology Bioservices, Process Development and Manufacturing, Alachua, FL 32615, USA
| | - Joseph Nkolola
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Pavlo Gilchuk
- Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Abishek Chandrashekar
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Jingyou Yu
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | | | - Christopher G Earnhart
- Joint Program Executive Office for Chemical, Biological, Radiological, and Nuclear Defense, US Department of Defense, Frederick, MD 21703, USA
| | - Nicole M Dorsey
- Joint Program Executive Office for Chemical, Biological, Radiological, and Nuclear Defense, US Department of Defense, Frederick, MD 21703, USA
| | | | | | - Rita E Chen
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Laura A VanBlargan
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | | | - Brian Hoppe
- Ology Bioservices, Process Development and Manufacturing, Alachua, FL 32615, USA
| | - Laura Collins
- Ology Bioservices, Process Development and Manufacturing, Alachua, FL 32615, USA
| | - Milan T Tomic
- Research and Development, Ology Bioservices, Inc., Alameda 94501, CA, USA
| | - Genevieve H Nonet
- Research and Development, Ology Bioservices, Inc., Alameda 94501, CA, USA
| | | | - James C Slaughter
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | | | | | | | - Michael S Diamond
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Robert H Carnahan
- Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Dan H Barouch
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - James E Crowe
- Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
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20
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Coutant F, Pin JJ, Morfin-Sherpa F, Ferry T, Paul S, Pozzetto B, Normand M, Miossec P. Impact of Host Immune Status on Discordant Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Circulating B Cell Frequencies and Antibody Levels. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:11095. [PMID: 34681752 PMCID: PMC8540683 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222011095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Individuals with pre-existing chronic systemic low-grade inflammation are prone to develop severe COVID-19 and stronger anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody responses. Whether this phenomenon reflects a differential expansion of antiviral B cells or a failure to regulate antibody synthesis remains unknown. Here, we compared the antiviral B cell repertoire of convalescent healthcare personnel to that of hospitalized patients with pre-existing comorbidities. Out of 277,500 immortalized B cell clones, antiviral B cell frequencies were determined by indirect immunofluorescence screening on SARS-CoV-2 infected cells. Surprisingly, frequencies of SARS-CoV-2 specific clones from the two groups were not statistically different, despite higher antibody levels in hospitalized patients. Moreover, functional analyses revealed that several B cell clones from healthcare personnel with low antibody levels had neutralizing properties. This study reveals for the first time a key qualitative defect of antibody synthesis in severe patients and calls for caution regarding estimated protective immunity based only on circulating antiviral antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frédéric Coutant
- Immunogenomics and Inflammation Research Team, University of Lyon, Edouard Herriot Hospital, 69003 Lyon, France;
- Immunology Department, Lyon-Sud Hospital, Hospices Civils of Lyon, 69310 Pierre-Bénite, France
| | | | - Florence Morfin-Sherpa
- Virology Department, Infective Agents Institute, National Reference Center for Respiratory Viruses, North Hospital Network, 69004 Lyon, France;
- Virpath Team, CIRI, INSERM U1111, CNRS UMR5308, ENS Lyon, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69100 Lyon, France
| | - Tristan Ferry
- Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Hospices Civils of Lyon-Croix-Rousse Hospital, 69004 Lyon, France;
- Stapath Team, CIRI, INSERM U1111, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS Lyon, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69100 Lyon, France
| | - Stéphane Paul
- Department of Immunology, University Hospital of Saint-Etienne, 42055 Saint-Etienne, France;
- GIMAP Team, CIRI, INSERM U1111, CNRS, UMR530, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CIC 1408 Vaccinology, 42023 Saint-Etienne, France;
| | - Bruno Pozzetto
- GIMAP Team, CIRI, INSERM U1111, CNRS, UMR530, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CIC 1408 Vaccinology, 42023 Saint-Etienne, France;
- Department of Infectious Agents and Hygiene, University Hospital of Saint-Etienne, 42055 Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Myriam Normand
- SAINBIOSE, INSERM, U1059, University of Lyon, 42270 Saint-Etienne, France;
| | - Pierre Miossec
- Immunogenomics and Inflammation Research Team, University of Lyon, Edouard Herriot Hospital, 69003 Lyon, France;
- Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Edouard Herriot Hospital, 69003 Lyon, France
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21
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Liu F, Guan Z, Liu Y, Li J, Liu C, Gao Y, Ma Y, Feng J, Shen B, Yang G. Identification of a Human Anti-Alpha-Toxin Monoclonal Antibody Against Staphylococcus aureus Infection. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:692279. [PMID: 34335518 PMCID: PMC8319846 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.692279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is a major pathogenic bacterium that causes a variety of clinical infections. The emergence of multi-drug resistant mechanisms requires novel strategies to mitigate S. aureus infection. Alpha-hemolysin (Hla) is a key virulence factor that is believed to play a significant role in the pathogenesis of S. aureus infections. In this study, we screened a naïve human Fab library for identification of monoclonal antibodies targeting Hla by phage display technology. We found that the monoclonal antibody YG1 blocked the Hla-mediated lysis of rabbit red blood cells and inhibited Hla binding to A549 cells in a concentration-dependent manner. YG1 also provided protection against acute peritoneal infection, bacteremia, and pneumonia in murine models. We further characterized its epitope using different Hla variants and found that the amino acids N209 and F210 of Hla were functionally and structurally important for YG1 binding. Overall, these results indicated that targeting Hla with YG1 could serve as a promising protective strategy against S. aureus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangjie Liu
- Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing, China
| | - Zhangchun Guan
- Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing, China
| | - Jingjing Li
- Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing, China
| | - Chenghua Liu
- Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing, China
| | - Yaping Gao
- Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanfang Ma
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Institute of Immunology, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Jiannan Feng
- Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing, China
| | - Beifen Shen
- Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing, China
| | - Guang Yang
- Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing, China
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22
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Hong J, Choi Y, Choi Y, Lee J, Hong HJ. Epitope-Paratope Interaction of a Neutralizing Human Anti-Hepatitis B Virus PreS1 Antibody That Recognizes the Receptor-Binding Motif. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9070754. [PMID: 34358170 PMCID: PMC8310169 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9070754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a global health burden that causes acute and chronic hepatitis. To develop an HBV-neutralizing antibody that effectively prevents HBV infection, we previously generated a human anti-preS1 monoclonal antibody (1A8) that binds to genotypes A–D and validated its HBV-neutralizing activity in vitro. In the present study, we aimed to determine the fine epitope and paratope of 1A8 to understand the mechanism of HBV neutralization. We performed alanine-scanning mutagenesis on the preS1 (aa 19–34, genotype C) and the heavy (HCDR) and light (LCDR) chain complementarity-determining regions. The 1A8 recognized the three residues (Leu22, Gly23, and Phe25) within the highly conserved receptor-binding motif (NPLGFFP) of the preS1, while four CDR residues of 1A8 were critical in antigen binding. Structural analysis of the epitope–paratope interaction by molecular modeling revealed that Leu100 in the HCDR3, Ala50 in the HCDR2, and Tyr96 in the LCDR3 closely interacted with Leu22, Gly23, and Phe25 of the preS1. Additionally, we found that 1A8 also binds to the receptor-binding motif (NPLGFLP) of infrequently occurring HBV. The results suggest that 1A8 may broadly and effectively block HBV entry and thus have potential as a promising candidate for the prevention and treatment of HBV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jisu Hong
- Department of Systems Immunology, College of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea; (J.H.); (Y.C.); (J.L.)
| | - Youngjin Choi
- Department of Systems Immunology, College of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea; (J.H.); (Y.C.); (J.L.)
| | - Yoonjoo Choi
- Medical Research Center, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun 58128, Korea;
| | - Jiwoo Lee
- Department of Systems Immunology, College of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea; (J.H.); (Y.C.); (J.L.)
| | - Hyo Jeong Hong
- Department of Systems Immunology, College of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea; (J.H.); (Y.C.); (J.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-33-250-8381; Fax: +82-33-259-5643
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23
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van der Lans RJL, van Spronsen E, Fokkens WJ, Reitsma S. Complete Remission of Severe Eosinophilic Otitis Media With Dupilumab: A Case Report. Laryngoscope 2021; 131:2649-2651. [PMID: 34216146 PMCID: PMC9292739 DOI: 10.1002/lary.29730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Eosinophilic otitis media (EOM) is a difficult‐to‐treat otitis media (OM) characterized by eosinophilic accumulation in the middle ear mucosa and secretion. Associated sensorineural hearing loss can eventually lead to (functional) deafness. EOM is strongly associated with type 2 inflammation driven respiratory disease, i.e. asthma and chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP), for which biological treatment is available. This case report discusses a patient suffering from EOM with severe mixed hearing loss, nearing functional deafness. Dupilumab treatment resulted in complete and enduring remission of the EOM, enabling adequate hearing rehabilitation. Concurrent control of the comorbid asthma and CRSwNP was obtained. Laryngoscope, 131:2649–2651, 2021
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Affiliation(s)
- Rik J L van der Lans
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Erik van Spronsen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Wytske J Fokkens
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sietze Reitsma
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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24
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Fels JM, Maurer DP, Herbert AS, Wirchnianski AS, Vergnolle O, Cross RW, Abelson DM, Moyer CL, Mishra AK, Aguilan JT, Kuehne AI, Pauli NT, Bakken RR, Nyakatura EK, Hellert J, Quevedo G, Lobel L, Balinandi S, Lutwama JJ, Zeitlin L, Geisbert TW, Rey FA, Sidoli S, McLellan JS, Lai JR, Bornholdt ZA, Dye JM, Walker LM, Chandran K. Protective neutralizing antibodies from human survivors of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever. Cell 2021; 184:3486-3501.e21. [PMID: 34077751 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2021.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) is a World Health Organization priority pathogen. CCHFV infections cause a highly lethal hemorrhagic fever for which specific treatments and vaccines are urgently needed. Here, we characterize the human immune response to natural CCHFV infection to identify potent neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (nAbs) targeting the viral glycoprotein. Competition experiments showed that these nAbs bind six distinct antigenic sites in the Gc subunit. These sites were further delineated through mutagenesis and mapped onto a prefusion model of Gc. Pairwise screening identified combinations of non-competing nAbs that afford synergistic neutralization. Further enhancements in neutralization breadth and potency were attained by physically linking variable domains of synergistic nAb pairs through bispecific antibody (bsAb) engineering. Although multiple nAbs protected mice from lethal CCHFV challenge in pre- or post-exposure prophylactic settings, only a single bsAb, DVD-121-801, afforded therapeutic protection. DVD-121-801 is a promising candidate suitable for clinical development as a CCHFV therapeutic.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Maximilian Fels
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | | | - Andrew S Herbert
- U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, MD 21702, USA; The Geneva Foundation, Tacoma, WA 98402, USA
| | - Ariel S Wirchnianski
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA; Deparment of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Olivia Vergnolle
- Deparment of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Robert W Cross
- Galveston National Laboratory, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77550, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77550, USA
| | | | | | - Akaash K Mishra
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Jennifer T Aguilan
- Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Ana I Kuehne
- U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, MD 21702, USA
| | | | - Russell R Bakken
- U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Elisabeth K Nyakatura
- Deparment of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Jan Hellert
- Structural Virology Unit, Department of Virology, CNRS UMR 3569, Institut Pasteur, Paris 75724, France
| | - Gregory Quevedo
- Deparment of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Leslie Lobel
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
| | | | | | - Larry Zeitlin
- Mapp Biopharmaceutical, Inc., San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Thomas W Geisbert
- Galveston National Laboratory, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77550, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77550, USA
| | - Felix A Rey
- Structural Virology Unit, Department of Virology, CNRS UMR 3569, Institut Pasteur, Paris 75724, France
| | - Simone Sidoli
- Deparment of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Jason S McLellan
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Jonathan R Lai
- Deparment of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | | | - John M Dye
- U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, MD 21702, USA.
| | - Laura M Walker
- Adimab, LLC, Lebanon, NH 03766, USA; Adagio Therapeutics, Inc., Waltham, MA 02451, USA.
| | - Kartik Chandran
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA.
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25
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Zhong Z, Yu S, Ge S. [Advances in immortalization of human B cells]. Sheng Wu Gong Cheng Xue Bao 2021; 37:30-39. [PMID: 33501787 DOI: 10.13345/j.cjb.200238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
With the advantages of low immunogenicity and long half-life, human monoclonal antibody has become an indispensable biological agent in vivo. Immortalization of human B cells is a potential and effective method to obtain natural human antibody library, which can provide a rich source for the preparation of human monoclonal antibodies. As there are urgent problems to be solved in each platform, the preparation of antibodies based on human B cell immortalization is still limited to the laboratory research stage. At present, there is a lack of a systematic review to clarify the advantages and disadvantages of the existing human B cell immortalization antibody preparation platform and its feasibility analysis. This paper reviews the research on the preparation of human monoclonal antibody based on human B cells immortalization, and describes an in vitro cell culture method, in which hCD40L vesicles are used instead of feeder cells, in order to provide references for the further development of human monoclonal antibody preparation technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhouyue Zhong
- School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, Fujian, China.,National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases (Xiamen University), Xiamen 361102, Fujian, China
| | - Siyuan Yu
- School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, Fujian, China.,National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases (Xiamen University), Xiamen 361102, Fujian, China
| | - Shengxiang Ge
- School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, Fujian, China.,National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases (Xiamen University), Xiamen 361102, Fujian, China
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26
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Giles AR, Calcedo R, Tretiakova AP, Wilson JM. Isolating Human Monoclonal Antibodies Against Adeno-Associated Virus From Donors With Pre-existing Immunity. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1135. [PMID: 32733434 PMCID: PMC7358261 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
With the advent of single B-cell cloning technology, we can isolate antibodies against virtually any antigen to study the interaction of a given pathogen with the immune system and develop novel therapeutic strategies. Antibodies directed against the capsid of adeno-associated viruses (AAV) are a significant obstacle to effectively leveraging AAV as a gene-delivery vector in seropositive individuals. In order to design next-generation vectors that can evade neutralization by these antibodies, studies have mapped the epitopes of mouse monoclonal antibodies generated by immunization with AAV. Although these studies provide critical information regarding capsid immunogenicity, they cannot address (1) differences in the antibody repertoire generated in humans following AAV natural infection; or (2) how reactions can vary when generated in response to vector administration. Here, we isolated and evaluated a panel of novel, fully human anti-AAV antibodies by cloning single memory B cells from a seropositive normal donor. We have validated the utility of this approach to study AAV immunology. Our goal is to leverage this knowledge to design novel AAV variants that can effectively transduce target tissues in individuals with AAV-neutralizing antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- April R Giles
- Gene Therapy Program, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Roberto Calcedo
- Gene Therapy Program, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Anna P Tretiakova
- Gene Therapy Program, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - James M Wilson
- Gene Therapy Program, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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27
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BalcioĞlu BK, Denİzcİ ÖncÜ M, ÖztÜrk HÜ, YÜcel F, Kaya F, Serhatli M, ÜlbeĞİ Polat H, Tekİn Ş, Özdemİr Bahadir A. SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibody development strategies. Turk J Biol 2020; 44:203-214. [PMID: 32595357 PMCID: PMC7314503 DOI: 10.3906/biy-2005-91] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
In December 2019 a novel coronavirus was detected in Wuhan City of Hubei Province-China. Owing to a high rate of transmission from human to human, the new virus called SARS-CoV-2 differed from others by its unexpectedly rapid spread. The World Health Organization (WHO) described the most recent coronavirus epidemic as a global pandemic in March 2020. The virus spread triggered a health crisis (the COVID-19 disease) within three months, with socioeconomic implications. No approved targeted-therapies are available for COVID-19, yet. However, it is foreseen that antibody-based treatments may provide an immediate cure for patients. Current neutralizing antibody development studies primarily target the S protein among the structural elements of SARS-CoV-2, which mediates the cell entry of the virus through the angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor of host cells. This review aims to provide some of the neutralizing antibody development strategies for SARS-CoV-2 and in vitro and in vivo neutralization assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bertan Koray BalcioĞlu
- Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Institute, Marmara Research Center, TÜBİTAK, Kocaeli Turkey
| | - Melis Denİzcİ ÖncÜ
- Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Institute, Marmara Research Center, TÜBİTAK, Kocaeli Turkey
| | - Hasan Ümit ÖztÜrk
- Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Institute, Marmara Research Center, TÜBİTAK, Kocaeli Turkey
| | - Fatıma YÜcel
- Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Institute, Marmara Research Center, TÜBİTAK, Kocaeli Turkey
| | - Filiz Kaya
- Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Institute, Marmara Research Center, TÜBİTAK, Kocaeli Turkey
| | - Müge Serhatli
- Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Institute, Marmara Research Center, TÜBİTAK, Kocaeli Turkey
| | - Hivda ÜlbeĞİ Polat
- Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Institute, Marmara Research Center, TÜBİTAK, Kocaeli Turkey
| | - Şaban Tekİn
- Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Institute, Marmara Research Center, TÜBİTAK, Kocaeli Turkey
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Health Sciences, İstanbul Turkey
| | - Aylin Özdemİr Bahadir
- Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Institute, Marmara Research Center, TÜBİTAK, Kocaeli Turkey
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28
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Wang Y, Esquivel R, Flingai S, Schiller ZA, Kern A, Agarwal S, Chu J, Patel A, Sullivan K, Wise MC, Broderick KE, Hu L, Weiner DB, Klempner MS. Anti-OspA DNA-Encoded Monoclonal Antibody Prevents Transmission of Spirochetes in Tick Challenge Providing Sterilizing Immunity in Mice. J Infect Dis 2020; 219:1146-1150. [PMID: 30476132 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiy627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We recently developed anti-OspA human immunoglobulin G1 monoclonal antibodies (HuMAbs) that are effective in preventing Borrelia transmission from ticks in a murine model. Here, we investigated a novel approach of DNA-mediated gene transfer of HuMAbs that provide protection against Lyme disease. Plasmid DNA-encoded anti-OspA HuMAbs inoculated in mice achieved a serum antibody concentration of >6 μg/mL. Among mice injected with DNA-encoded monoclonal antibodies, 75%-77% were protected against an acute challenge by Borrelia-infected ticks. Our results represent the first demonstration of employing DNA transfer as a delivery system for antibodies that block transmission of Borrelia in animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wang
- MassBiologics of University of Massachusetts Medical School, Boston
| | - Rianne Esquivel
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Seleeke Flingai
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | | | - Aurélie Kern
- Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Sangya Agarwal
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Jacqueline Chu
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Ami Patel
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | | | - Megan C Wise
- Inovio Pharmaceuticals, Plymouth Meeting, Pennsylvania
| | | | - Linden Hu
- Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - David B Weiner
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Mark S Klempner
- MassBiologics of University of Massachusetts Medical School, Boston
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29
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Austin M, Burschowsky D, Chan DT, Jenkinson L, Haynes S, Diamandakis A, Seewooruthun C, Addyman A, Fiedler S, Ryman S, Whitehouse J, Slater LH, Hadjinicolaou AV, Gileadi U, Gowans E, Shibata Y, Barnard M, Kaserer T, Sharma P, Luheshi NM, Wilkinson RW, Vaughan TJ, Holt SV, Cerundolo V, Carr MD, Groves MAT. Structural and functional characterization of C0021158, a high-affinity monoclonal antibody that inhibits Arginase 2 function via a novel non-competitive mechanism of action. MAbs 2020; 12:1801230. [PMID: 32880207 PMCID: PMC7531564 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2020.1801230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Arginase 2 (ARG2) is a binuclear manganese metalloenzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of L-arginine. The dysregulated expression of ARG2 within specific tumor microenvironments generates an immunosuppressive niche that effectively renders the tumor 'invisible' to the host's immune system. Increased ARG2 expression leads to a concomitant depletion of local L-arginine levels, which in turn leads to suppression of anti-tumor T-cell-mediated immune responses. Here we describe the isolation and characterization of a high affinity antibody (C0021158) that inhibits ARG2 enzymatic function completely, effectively restoring T-cell proliferation in vitro. Enzyme kinetic studies confirmed that C0021158 exhibits a noncompetitive mechanism of action, inhibiting ARG2 independently of L-arginine concentrations. To elucidate C0021158's inhibitory mechanism at a structural level, the co-crystal structure of the Fab in complex with trimeric ARG2 was solved. C0021158's epitope was consequently mapped to an area some distance from the enzyme's substrate binding cleft, indicating an allosteric mechanism was being employed. Following C0021158 binding, distinct regions of ARG2 undergo major conformational changes. Notably, the backbone structure of a surface-exposed loop is completely rearranged, leading to the formation of a new short helix structure at the Fab-ARG2 interface. Moreover, this large-scale structural remodeling at ARG2's epitope translates into more subtle changes within the enzyme's active site. An arginine residue at position 39 is reoriented inwards, sterically impeding the binding of L-arginine. Arg39 is also predicted to alter the pKA of a key catalytic histidine residue at position 160, further attenuating ARG2's enzymatic function. In silico molecular docking simulations predict that L-arginine is unable to bind effectively when antibody is bound, a prediction supported by isothermal calorimetry experiments using an L-arginine mimetic. Specifically, targeting ARG2 in the tumor microenvironment through the application of C0021158, potentially in combination with standard chemotherapy regimens or alternate immunotherapies, represents a potential new strategy to target immune cold tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Austin
- Cancer Research UK AstraZeneca Antibody Alliance Laboratory, Cambridge, UK
- Antibody Discovery & Protein Engineering, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Daniel Burschowsky
- Leicester Institute of Structural and Chemical Biology and the Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Denice T.Y. Chan
- Cancer Research UK AstraZeneca Antibody Alliance Laboratory, Cambridge, UK
| | - Lesley Jenkinson
- Cancer Research UK AstraZeneca Antibody Alliance Laboratory, Cambridge, UK
| | - Stuart Haynes
- Cancer Research UK AstraZeneca Antibody Alliance Laboratory, Cambridge, UK
| | - Agata Diamandakis
- Cancer Research UK AstraZeneca Antibody Alliance Laboratory, Cambridge, UK
| | - Chitra Seewooruthun
- Leicester Institute of Structural and Chemical Biology and the Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Alexandra Addyman
- Cancer Research UK AstraZeneca Antibody Alliance Laboratory, Cambridge, UK
| | - Sebastian Fiedler
- Cancer Research UK AstraZeneca Antibody Alliance Laboratory, Cambridge, UK
| | - Stephanie Ryman
- Cancer Research UK AstraZeneca Antibody Alliance Laboratory, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jessica Whitehouse
- Cancer Research UK AstraZeneca Antibody Alliance Laboratory, Cambridge, UK
| | - Louise H. Slater
- Cancer Research UK AstraZeneca Antibody Alliance Laboratory, Cambridge, UK
| | - Andreas V. Hadjinicolaou
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Uzi Gileadi
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Ellen Gowans
- Cancer Research UK AstraZeneca Antibody Alliance Laboratory, Cambridge, UK
| | - Yoko Shibata
- Cancer Research UK AstraZeneca Antibody Alliance Laboratory, Cambridge, UK
| | - Michelle Barnard
- Cancer Research UK AstraZeneca Antibody Alliance Laboratory, Cambridge, UK
| | - Teresa Kaserer
- Cancer Research UK, Cancer Therapeutics Unit, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Pooja Sharma
- Cancer Research UK AstraZeneca Antibody Alliance Laboratory, Cambridge, UK
| | - Nadia M. Luheshi
- Early Oncology Discovery, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Tristan J. Vaughan
- Antibody Discovery & Protein Engineering, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Sarah V. Holt
- Cancer Research UK AstraZeneca Antibody Alliance Laboratory, Cambridge, UK
| | - Vincenzo Cerundolo
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Mark D. Carr
- Leicester Institute of Structural and Chemical Biology and the Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Maria A. T. Groves
- Cancer Research UK AstraZeneca Antibody Alliance Laboratory, Cambridge, UK
- Antibody Discovery & Protein Engineering, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
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30
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Yang H, Park H, Lee YJ, Choi JY, Kim T, Rajasekaran N, Lee S, Song K, Hong S, Choi JS, Shim H, Kim YD, Hwang S, Choi YL, Shin YK. Development of Human Monoclonal Antibody for Claudin-3 Overexpressing Carcinoma Targeting. Biomolecules 2019; 10:E51. [PMID: 31905631 DOI: 10.3390/biom10010051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Most malignant tumors originate from epithelial tissues in which tight junctions mediate cell-cell interactions. Tight junction proteins, especially claudin-3 (CLDN3), are overexpressed in various cancers. Claudin-3 is exposed externally during tumorigenesis making it a potential biomarker and therapeutic target. However, the development of antibodies against specific CLDN proteins is difficult, because CLDNs are four-transmembrane domain proteins with high homology among CLDN family members and species. Here, we developed a human IgG1 monoclonal antibody (h4G3) against CLDN3 through scFv phage display using CLDN3-overexpressing stable cells and CLDN3-embedded lipoparticles as antigens. The h4G3 recognized the native conformation of human and mouse CLDN3 without cross-reactivity to other CLDNs. The binding kinetics of h4G3 demonstrated a sub-nanomolar affinity for CLDN3 expressed on the cell surface. The h4G3 showed antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) according to CLDN3 expression levels in various cancer cells by the activation of FcγRIIIa (CD16a). The biodistribution of h4G3 was analyzed by intravenous injection of fluorescence-conjugated h4G3 which showed that it localized to the tumor site in xenograft mice bearing CLDN3-expressing tumors. These results indicate that h4G3 recognizes CLDN3 specifically, suggesting its value for cancer diagnosis, antibody-drug conjugates, and potentially as a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) for CLDN3-expressing pan-carcinoma.
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31
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Cerino A, Mantovani S, Mele D, Oliviero B, Varchetta S, Mondelli MU. Human Monoclonal Antibodies as Adjuvant Treatment of Chronic Hepatitis B Virus Infection. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2290. [PMID: 31608071 PMCID: PMC6773823 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the availability of an effective prophylactic vaccine leading to sterilizing immunity, hepatitis B virus (HBV) is responsible for chronic liver disease in more than 250 million individuals, potentially leading to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Antiviral drugs able to completely suppress virus replication are indeed available but they are, by and large, unable to eradicate the virus. Several alternative new treatment approaches are currently being developed but none have so far captured the interest of clinicians for possible clinical development. A constant feature of chronic HBV infection is T-cell exhaustion resulting from persistent exposure to high antigen concentrations as shown by the high expression of programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) by HBV-specific CD8 T cells. One way of tackling this problem is to develop HBV-specific neutralizing antibodies that would clear excess envelope proteins from the circulation, allowing for nucleos(t)ide analogs or other antiviral drugs now in preclinical and early clinical development to take advantage of a reconstituted adaptive immunity. Several fully human monoclonal antibodies (mAb) have been developed from HBV-vaccinated and subjects convalescent from acute hepatitis B that show different properties and specificities. It is envisaged that such neutralizing mAb may be used as adjuvant treatment to reduce viral protein load, thus rescuing adaptive immunity in an effort to optimize the effect of antiviral drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Cerino
- S.C. di Malattie Infettive II - Infettivologia e Immunologia, Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Malattie Infettive, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Stefania Mantovani
- S.C. di Malattie Infettive II - Infettivologia e Immunologia, Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Malattie Infettive, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Dalila Mele
- S.C. di Malattie Infettive II - Infettivologia e Immunologia, Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Malattie Infettive, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Barbara Oliviero
- S.C. di Malattie Infettive II - Infettivologia e Immunologia, Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Malattie Infettive, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Stefania Varchetta
- S.C. di Malattie Infettive II - Infettivologia e Immunologia, Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Malattie Infettive, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Mario U Mondelli
- S.C. di Malattie Infettive II - Infettivologia e Immunologia, Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Malattie Infettive, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy.,Dipartimento di Medicina Interna e Terapia Medica, Università di Pavia, Pavia, Italy
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Okuda M, Yamayoshi S, Uraki R, Ito M, Hamabata T, Kawaoka Y. Subclade 2.2.1-Specific Human Monoclonal Antibodies That Recognize an Epitope in Antigenic Site A of Influenza A(H5) Virus HA Detected between 2015 and 2018. Viruses 2019; 11:E321. [PMID: 30987023 DOI: 10.3390/v11040321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Revised: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Highly pathogenic avian H5 influenza viruses persist among poultry and wild birds throughout the world. They sometimes cause interspecies transmission between avian and mammalian hosts. H5 viruses possessing the HA of subclade 2.3.4.4, 2.3.2.1, 2.2.1, or 7.2 were detected between 2015 and 2018. To understand the neutralizing epitopes of H5-HA, we characterized 15 human monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against the HA of H5 viruses, which were obtained from volunteers who received the H5N1 vaccine that contains a subclade 2.2.1 or 2.1.3.2 virus as an antigen. Twelve mAbs were specific for the HA of subclade 2.2.1, two mAbs were specific for the HA of subclade 2.1.3.2, and one mAb was specific for the HA of both. Of the 15 mAbs analyzed, nine, which were specific for the HA of subclade 2.2.1, and shared the VH and VL genes, possessed hemagglutination inhibition and neutralizing activities, whereas the others did not. A single amino acid substitution or insertion at positions 144–147 in antigenic site A conferred resistance against these nine mAbs to the subclade 2.2.1 viruses. The amino acids at positions 144–147 are highly conserved among subclade 2.2.1, but differ from those of other subclades. These results show that the neutralizing epitope including amino acids at positions 144–147 is targeted by human antibodies, and plays a role in the antigenic difference between subclade 2.2.1 and other subclades.
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Kim D, Yoon H, Kim S, Wi J, Chae H, Jo G, Yoon JY, Kim H, Lee C, Kim SH, Hong HJ. Generation of a Human Monoclonal Antibody to Cross-Reactive Material 197 (CRM₁₉₇) and Development of a Sandwich ELISA for CRM₁₉₇ Conjugate Vaccines. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 28:2113-2120. [PMID: 30380821 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.1810.10009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
Cross-reactive material 197 (CRM₁₉₇) is a non-toxic mutant of diphtheria toxin containing a single amino acid substitution of glycine 52 with glutamic acid. CRM₁₉₇ has been used as a carrier protein for poorly immunogenic polysaccharide antigens to improve immune responses. In this study, to develop a sandwich ELISA that can detect CRM₁₉₇ and CRM₁₉₇ conjugate vaccines, we generated a human anti-CRM₁₉₇ monoclonal antibody (mAb) 3F9 using a phage-displayed human synthetic Fab library and produced mouse anti-CRM₁₉₇ polyclonal antibody. The affinity (KD) of 3F9 for CRM₁₉₇ was 3.55 nM, based on Bio-Layer interferometry, and it bound specifically to the B fragment of CRM₁₉₇. The sandwich ELISA was carried out using 3F9 as a capture antibody and the mouse polyclonal antibody as a detection antibody. The detection limit of the sandwich ELISA was <1 ng/ml CRM₁₉₇. In addition, the 3F9 antibody bound to the CRM₁₉₇-polysaccharide conjugates tested in a dose-dependent manner. This ELISA system will be useful for the quantification and characterization of CRM₁₉₇ and CRM₁₉₇ conjugate vaccines. To our knowledge, this study is the first to generate a human monoclonal antibody against CRM₁₉₇ and to develop a sandwich ELISA for CRM₁₉₇ conjugate vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dain Kim
- Department of Systems Immunology, College of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeseon Yoon
- Eubiologics Co., Ltd., Chuncheon 24232, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangkyu Kim
- Department of Systems Immunology, College of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Jimin Wi
- Scripps Korea Antibody Institute, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Heesu Chae
- Department of Systems Immunology, College of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyunghee Jo
- Department of Systems Immunology, College of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Yeol Yoon
- Department of Systems Immunology, College of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Heeyoun Kim
- Eubiologics Co., Ltd., Chuncheon 24232, Republic of Korea
| | - Chankyu Lee
- Eubiologics Co., Ltd., Chuncheon 24232, Republic of Korea
| | - Se-Ho Kim
- Department of Systems Immunology, College of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo Jeong Hong
- Department of Systems Immunology, College of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea.,Scripps Korea Antibody Institute, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
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Lee E, Gibbs JP, Emery MG, Block G, Wasserman SM, Hamilton L, Kasichayanula S, Hanafin P, Somaratne R, Egbuna O. Influence of Renal Function on Evolocumab Exposure, Pharmacodynamics, and Safety. Clin Pharmacol Drug Dev 2019; 8:281-289. [PMID: 30676701 PMCID: PMC6590207 DOI: 10.1002/cpdd.650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
We evaluated the pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and safety of evolocumab, a fully human monoclonal antibody against proprotein convertase subtilisin kexin type 9 (PCSK9), in an open‐label, parallel‐design study in participants with normal renal function (n = 6), severe renal impairment (RI; n = 6), or end‐stage renal disease (ESRD) receiving hemodialysis (n = 6) who received a single 140‐mg dose of evolocumab. The effects of evolocumab treatment on low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL‐C) lowering and unbound PCSK9 concentrations were similar in the normal renal function group and the renally impaired groups. Geometric mean Cmax and AUClast values in the severe RI and ESRD hemodialysis groups compared with the normal renal function group were lower but within 37% of the normal renal function group (Jonckheere‐Terpstra trend test; Cmax, P = .23; AUClast, P = .22) and within 26% after adjusting for body weight (mean body weight was approximately 9% higher in the renally impaired groups compared with the normal renal function group). No correlations were observed between exposure and baseline creatinine clearance. No adverse event was determined by the investigators to be related to evolocumab, and there were no trends indicative of clinically important effects on laboratory variables or vital signs. Overall, there were no meaningful differences in evolocumab exposure, as assessed by Cmax and AUClast, in patients with severe RI and ESRD hemodialysis compared with patients with normal renal function, and LDL‐C‐lowering effects were similar across groups. These results support the use of evolocumab without dose adjustment in patients who have severe RI or ESRD.
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35
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Jo G, Jeong MS, Wi J, Kim DH, Kim S, Kim D, Yoon JY, Chae H, Kim KH, Hong HJ. Generation and Characterization of a Neutralizing Human Monoclonal Antibody to Hepatitis B Virus PreS1 from a Phage-Displayed Human Synthetic Fab Library. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 28:1376-1383. [PMID: 30301315 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.1803.03056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
The hepatitis B virus (HBV) envelope contains small (S), middle (M), and large (L) proteins. PreS1 of the L protein contains a receptor-binding motif crucial for HBV infection. This motif is highly conserved among 10 HBV genotypes (A-J), making it a potential target for the prevention of HBV infection. In this study, we successfully generated a neutralizing human monoclonal antibody (mAb), 1A8 (IgG1), that recognizes the receptor-binding motif of preS1 using a phage-displayed human synthetic Fab library. Analysis of the antigen-binding activity of 1A8 for different genotypes indicated that it can specifically bind to the preS1 of major HBV genotypes (A-D). Based on Bio-Layer interferometry, the affinity (KD) of 1A8 for the preS1 of genotype C was 3.55 nM. 1A8 immunoprecipitated the hepatitis B virions of genotypes C and D. In an in vitro neutralization assay using HepG2 cells overexpressing the cellular receptor sodium taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide, 1A8 effectively neutralized HBV infection with genotype D. Taken together, the results suggest that 1A8 may neutralize the four HBV genotypes. Considering that genotypes A-D are most prevalent, 1A8 may be a neutralizing human mAb with promising potential in the prevention and treatment of HBV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gyunghee Jo
- Department of Systems Immunology, College of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Mun Sik Jeong
- Department of Systems Immunology, College of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Jimin Wi
- Scripps Korea Antibody Institute, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Doo Hyun Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Cancer Research and Diagnostic Medicine, IBST, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangkyu Kim
- Department of Systems Immunology, College of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Dain Kim
- Department of Systems Immunology, College of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Yeol Yoon
- Department of Systems Immunology, College of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Heesu Chae
- Department of Systems Immunology, College of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyun-Hwan Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Cancer Research and Diagnostic Medicine, IBST, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea.,Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo Jeong Hong
- Department of Systems Immunology, College of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea.,Scripps Korea Antibody Institute, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
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36
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Abstract
Risankizumab, a fully human IgG monoclonal antibody inhibitor of IL-23, is a therapeutic agent currently in late stage development for use in the treatment of moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis. It is a biologic agent similar to guselkumab and tildrakizumab which targets IL-23 specifically, and has been primarily developed for use in moderate-to-severe psoriasis. USA-based pharmaceutical company Abbvie submitted it for a Biologics License Application to the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in April 2018. Risankizumab is the result of a collaboration between the German company Boehringer Ingelheim and Abbvie, which together are leading the future development and commercialization of risankizumab globally. The results from Phase I to Phase III clinical trials of risankizumab show it is highly effective and its FDA-approval in 2018 is likely. In this article we provide an independent expert opinion on the efficacy and safety of risankizumab in psoriasis based on a full review of the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel M Haugh
- Department of Dermatology, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA,
| | - Allie K Preston
- Texas A&M Health Science Center College of Medicine, Bryan, TX, USA
| | - Dario N Kivelevitch
- Department of Dermatology, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA,
| | - Alan M Menter
- Department of Dermatology, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA,
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37
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Yasuhara A, Yamayoshi S, Ito M, Kiso M, Yamada S, Kawaoka Y. Isolation and Characterization of Human Monoclonal Antibodies That Recognize the Influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 Virus Hemagglutinin Receptor-Binding Site and Rarely Yield Escape Mutant Viruses. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:2660. [PMID: 30443246 PMCID: PMC6222141 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.02660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The influenza A virus rapidly mutates to escape from antibodies. Here, we isolated and characterized three human monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) that neutralize A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses. Generation of escape mutant viruses suggested that these antibodies recognized conserved residues of the receptor-binding site (RBS) of hemagglutinin (HA) and that mutant viruses that escaped from these mAbs rarely appeared. Moreover, the escape mutant viruses grew significantly slower than wild-type virus, indicating their reduced fitness. These results indicate that these three human mAbs against the RBS of HA have the potential to be anti-influenza agents with a low propensity for the development of resistant viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsuhiro Yasuhara
- Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Seiya Yamayoshi
- Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mutsumi Ito
- Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Maki Kiso
- Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinya Yamada
- Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Kawaoka
- Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States.,Department of Special Pathogens, International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,ERATO Infection-Induced Host Responses Project, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama, Japan
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38
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Lu J, Wang R, Xia B, Yu Y, Zhou X, Yang Z, Huang P. Potent Neutralization Ability of a Human Monoclonal Antibody Against Serotype 1 Dengue Virus. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:1214. [PMID: 29928270 PMCID: PMC5997965 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.01214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence of dengue virus (DENV) infections has been escalating in tropical and subtropical countries, but there are still no effective therapeutic options. In the present study, a DENV-1-specific human monoclonal antibody (HMAb), 1G5, isolated from single plasma cells obtained from the peripheral blood mononuclear cells of dengue patients was found to have potent neutralization activity against serotype 1 DENV (DENV-1). Its neutralization activity against DENV-2 was not as strong, and it was almost absent for DENV-3 and DENV-4. The results showed that HMAb 1G5 only binds to the envelop protein of intact DENV-1 or the envelop protein under unheated and non-reducing conditions, and that it does not bind to recombinant envelope protein. This could mean that the antibody recognizes a conformational epitope of the envelope protein. Further, the findings showed that HMAb 1G5 potently neutralizes DENV-1 in both the pre- and post-attachment phases of the virus at low concentrations. In vivo studies showed that HMAb 1G5 provides protection from DENV-1 infection in a murine model. In addition, antibody-dependent enhancement that occurs at lower doses of the antibody was completely abrogated by the introduction of Leu-to-Ala mutations (1G5-LALA) or deletion of nine amino acids (1G5-9del) in the Fc region. Therefore, HMAb 1G5 shows promise as a safe and effective agent for prophylactic and therapeutic treatment of DENV-1 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiansheng Lu
- Laboratory of Protein Engineering, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, China
| | - Rong Wang
- Laboratory of Protein Engineering, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, China
| | - Binghui Xia
- Laboratory of Protein Engineering, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, China
| | - Yunzhou Yu
- Laboratory of Protein Engineering, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaowei Zhou
- Laboratory of Protein Engineering, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, China
| | - Zhixin Yang
- Laboratory of Protein Engineering, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, China
| | - Peitang Huang
- Laboratory of Protein Engineering, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, China
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39
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Soni P, Yasuhara A, Takenaga T, Iwatsuki-Horimoto K, Uraki R, Ito M, Sasaki T, Ikuta K, Yamayoshi S, Kawaoka Y. Evaluation of the fusion partner cell line SPYMEG for obtaining human monoclonal antibodies against influenza B virus. J Vet Med Sci 2018; 80:1020-1024. [PMID: 29669959 PMCID: PMC6021880 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.18-0146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza B virus has been known to infect humans and other animals, including seals.
Vaccination efficacy varies across seasons. Human monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) can be
useful for developing novel vaccines, guided by epitope analysis, and can be used
therapeutically. Hybridoma technology has been used to make mAbs. Here we evaluated SPYMEG
as a fusion partner cell line for human mAb generation specific to influenza B
hemagglutinin (HA). SPYMEG is a human/murine myeloma partner cell line that has previously
been used to generate human mAbs that recognize the HA of influenza A and B viruses.
Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were obtained from 16 volunteers, previously vaccinated
with the 2014–2015 trivalent seasonal influenza vaccine, and were fused with SPYMEG to
yield hybridomas. The resulting hybridomas were screened for antigen-specific antibody
secretion and cloned by limiting dilution. We obtained 32 stable clones secreting
anti-influenza B HA human IgG, although most of these clones were obtained from one
volunteer (SeaV-29) who had a robust immune response. We conclude that SPYMEG is a good
fusion partner cell line, although cloning by limiting dilution may lead to significant
loss of hybridomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Soni
- Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Atsuhiro Yasuhara
- Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Toru Takenaga
- Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Kiyoko Iwatsuki-Horimoto
- Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Ryuta Uraki
- Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Mutsumi Ito
- Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Tadahiro Sasaki
- Department of Virology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, 3-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kazuyoshi Ikuta
- Department of Virology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, 3-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Seiya Yamayoshi
- Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Kawaoka
- Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan.,Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53711, U.S.A.,Department of Special Pathogens, International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan.,ERATO Infection-Induced Host Responses Project, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
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40
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Colley CS, Popovic B, Sridharan S, Debreczeni JE, Hargeaves D, Fung M, An L, Edwards B, Arnold J, England E, Eghobamien L, Sivars U, Flavell L, Renshaw J, Wickson K, Warrener P, Zha J, Bonnell J, Woods R, Wilkinson T, Dobson C, Vaughan TJ. Structure and characterization of a high affinity C5a monoclonal antibody that blocks binding to C5aR1 and C5aR2 receptors. MAbs 2018; 10:104-117. [PMID: 28952876 PMCID: PMC5800367 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2017.1384892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
C5a is a potent anaphylatoxin that modulates inflammation through the C5aR1 and C5aR2 receptors. The molecular interactions between C5a-C5aR1 receptor are well defined, whereas C5a-C5aR2 receptor interactions are poorly understood. Here, we describe the generation of a human antibody, MEDI7814, that neutralizes C5a and C5adesArg binding to the C5aR1 and C5aR2 receptors, without affecting complement-mediated bacterial cell killing. Unlike other anti-C5a mAbs described, this antibody has been shown to inhibit the effects of C5a by blocking C5a binding to both C5aR1 and C5aR2 receptors. The crystal structure of the antibody in complex with human C5a reveals a discontinuous epitope of 22 amino acids. This is the first time the epitope for an antibody that blocks C5aR1 and C5aR2 receptors has been described, and this work provides a basis for molecular studies aimed at further understanding the C5a-C5aR2 receptor interaction. MEDI7814 has therapeutic potential for the treatment of acute inflammatory conditions in which both C5a receptors may mediate inflammation, such as sepsis or renal ischemia-reperfusion injury.
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MESH Headings
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/chemistry
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/genetics
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/immunology
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/pharmacology
- Antibody Affinity
- Antibody Specificity
- Binding Sites, Antibody
- Complement C5a/antagonists & inhibitors
- Complement C5a/chemistry
- Complement C5a/immunology
- Complement C5a/metabolism
- Epitope Mapping/methods
- Epitopes
- HEK293 Cells
- Humans
- Protein Binding
- Protein Conformation
- Protein Engineering
- Receptor, Anaphylatoxin C5a/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptor, Anaphylatoxin C5a/chemistry
- Receptor, Anaphylatoxin C5a/immunology
- Receptor, Anaphylatoxin C5a/metabolism
- Receptors, Chemokine/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Chemokine/chemistry
- Receptors, Chemokine/immunology
- Receptors, Chemokine/metabolism
- Structure-Activity Relationship
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline S. Colley
- Antibody Discovery and Protein Engineering, MedImmune Ltd, Cambridge, UK
- CONTACT Caroline S. Colley Antibody Discovery and Protein Engineering, MedImmune Ltd, Granta Park, Cambridge, CB21 6GH, UK
| | - Bojana Popovic
- Antibody Discovery and Protein Engineering, MedImmune Ltd, Cambridge, UK
| | | | | | | | - Michael Fung
- Respiratory, Inflammation and Autoimmunity, MedImmune LLC, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Ling–Ling An
- Respiratory, Inflammation and Autoimmunity, MedImmune LLC, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Bryan Edwards
- Antibody Discovery and Protein Engineering, MedImmune Ltd, Cambridge, UK
| | - Joanne Arnold
- Antibody Discovery and Protein Engineering, MedImmune Ltd, Cambridge, UK
| | - Elizabeth England
- Antibody Discovery and Protein Engineering, MedImmune Ltd, Cambridge, UK
| | - Laura Eghobamien
- Respiratory, Inflammation and Autoimmunity, MedImmune Ltd, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ulf Sivars
- Translational Biology, IMED RIA Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Liz Flavell
- Discovery Sciences, AstraZeneca R&D, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Kate Wickson
- Discovery Sciences, AstraZeneca R&D, Cambridge, UK
| | - Paul Warrener
- Infectious Diseases, MedImmune LLC, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Jingying Zha
- Infectious Diseases, MedImmune LLC, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | | | - Rob Woods
- Antibody Discovery and Protein Engineering, MedImmune LLC, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Trevor Wilkinson
- Antibody Discovery and Protein Engineering, MedImmune Ltd, Cambridge, UK
| | - Claire Dobson
- Antibody Discovery and Protein Engineering, MedImmune Ltd, Cambridge, UK
| | - Tristan J. Vaughan
- Antibody Discovery and Protein Engineering, MedImmune Ltd, Cambridge, UK
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41
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Romero Pastrana F, Thompson JM, Heuker M, Hoekstra H, Dillen CA, Ortines RV, Ashbaugh AG, Pickett JE, Linssen MD, Bernthal NM, Francis KP, Buist G, van Oosten M, van Dam GM, Thorek DLJ, Miller LS, van Dijl JM. Noninvasive optical and nuclear imaging of Staphylococcus-specific infection with a human monoclonal antibody-based probe. Virulence 2017; 9:262-272. [PMID: 29166841 PMCID: PMC5955194 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2017.1403004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus infections are a major threat in healthcare, requiring adequate early-stage diagnosis and treatment. This calls for novel diagnostic tools that allow noninvasive in vivo detection of staphylococci. Here we performed a preclinical study to investigate a novel fully-human monoclonal antibody 1D9 that specifically targets the immunodominant staphylococcal antigen A (IsaA). We show that 1D9 binds invariantly to S. aureus cells and may further target other staphylococcal species. Importantly, using a human post-mortem implant model and an in vivo murine skin infection model, preclinical feasibility was demonstrated for 1D9 labeled with the near-infrared fluorophore IRDye800CW to be applied for direct optical imaging of in vivo S. aureus infections. Additionally, 89Zirconium-labeled 1D9 could be used for positron emission tomography imaging of an in vivo S. aureus thigh infection model. Our findings pave the way towards clinical implementation of targeted imaging of staphylococcal infections using the human monoclonal antibody 1D9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Romero Pastrana
- a Department of Medical Microbiology , University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen , Hanzeplein 1, Groningen , RB , The Netherlands
| | - John M Thompson
- b Department of Orthopaedic Surgery , Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore , MD , USA
| | - Marjolein Heuker
- a Department of Medical Microbiology , University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen , Hanzeplein 1, Groningen , RB , The Netherlands
| | - Hedzer Hoekstra
- a Department of Medical Microbiology , University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen , Hanzeplein 1, Groningen , RB , The Netherlands
| | - Carly A Dillen
- c Department of Dermatology , Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore , MD , USA
| | - Roger V Ortines
- c Department of Dermatology , Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore , MD , USA
| | - Alyssa G Ashbaugh
- c Department of Dermatology , Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore , MD , USA
| | - Julie E Pickett
- d Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology and Radiological Science , Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore , MD , USA
| | - Matthijs D Linssen
- e Department of Gastroentrology and Hepatology , University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen , Hanzeplein 1, Groningen , RB , The Netherlands.,f Department of clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology , University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen , Hanzeplein 1, Groningen , RB , The Netherlands
| | - Nicholas M Bernthal
- g Department of Orthopaedic Surgery , David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles Medical Center , Santa Monica , CA , USA
| | - Kevin P Francis
- g Department of Orthopaedic Surgery , David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles Medical Center , Santa Monica , CA , USA.,h PerkinElmer , Alameda , California , CA , USA.,i Department of Surgery , Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging and Intensive Care, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen , Hanzeplein 1, Groningen , RB , The Netherlands
| | - Girbe Buist
- a Department of Medical Microbiology , University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen , Hanzeplein 1, Groningen , RB , The Netherlands
| | - Marleen van Oosten
- a Department of Medical Microbiology , University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen , Hanzeplein 1, Groningen , RB , The Netherlands
| | - Gooitzen M van Dam
- i Department of Surgery , Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging and Intensive Care, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen , Hanzeplein 1, Groningen , RB , The Netherlands
| | - Daniel L J Thorek
- d Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology and Radiological Science , Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore , MD , USA.,j Department of Oncology , Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore , MD , USA
| | - Lloyd S Miller
- b Department of Orthopaedic Surgery , Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore , MD , USA.,c Department of Dermatology , Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore , MD , USA.,k Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine , Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore , MD , USA
| | - Jan Maarten van Dijl
- a Department of Medical Microbiology , University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen , Hanzeplein 1, Groningen , RB , The Netherlands
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42
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Kim S, Park I, Park SG, Cho S, Kim JH, Ipper NS, Choi SS, Lee ES, Hong HJ. Generation, Diversity Determination, and Application to Antibody Selection of a Human Naïve Fab Library. Mol Cells 2017; 40:655-666. [PMID: 28927259 PMCID: PMC5638773 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2017.0106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Revised: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 08/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
We constructed a large naïve human Fab library (3 × 1010 colonies) from the lymphocytes of 809 human donors, assessed available diversities of the heavy-chain variable (VH) and κ light-chain variable (VK) domain repertoires, and validated the library by selecting Fabs against 10 therapeutically relevant antigens by phage display. We obtained a database of unique 7,373 VH and 41,804 VK sequences by 454 pyrosequencing, and analyzed the repertoires. The distribution of VH and VK subfamilies and germline genes in our antibody repertoires slightly differed from those in earlier published natural antibody libraries. The frequency of somatic hypermutations (SHMs) in heavy-chain complementarity determining region (HCDR)1 and HCDR2 are higher compared with the natural IgM repertoire. Analysis of position-specific SHMs in CDRs indicates that asparagine, threonine, arginine, aspartate and phenylalanine are the most frequent non-germline residues on the antibody-antigen interface and are converted mostly from the germline residues, which are highly represented in germline SHM hotspots. The amino acid composition and length-dependent changes in amino acid frequencies of HCDR3 are similar to those in previous reports, except that frequencies of aspartate and phenylalanine are a little higher in our repertoire. Taken together, the results show that this antibody library shares common features of natural antibody repertoires and also has unique features. The antibody library will be useful in the generation of human antibodies against diverse antigens, and the information about the diversity of natural antibody repertoires will be valuable in the future design of synthetic human antibody libraries with high functional diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangkyu Kim
- Department of Systems Immunology, College of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341,
Korea
| | - Insoo Park
- Therapeutic Antibody Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141,
Korea
| | - Seung Gu Park
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, College of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341,
Korea
| | - Seulki Cho
- Therapeutic Antibody Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141,
Korea
| | - Jin Hong Kim
- Therapeutic Antibody Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141,
Korea
| | - Nagesh S. Ipper
- Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341,
Korea
| | - Sun Shim Choi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, College of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341,
Korea
| | - Eung Suk Lee
- Scripps Korea Antibody Institute, Chuncheon 24341,
Korea
| | - Hyo Jeong Hong
- Department of Systems Immunology, College of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341,
Korea
- Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341,
Korea
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43
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Chen Z, Bao L, Chen C, Zou T, Xue Y, Li F, Lv Q, Gu S, Gao X, Cui S, Wang J, Qin C, Jin Q. Human Neutralizing Monoclonal Antibody Inhibition of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Replication in the Common Marmoset. J Infect Dis 2017; 215:1807-1815. [PMID: 28472421 PMCID: PMC7107363 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jix209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Accepted: 04/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) infection in humans is highly lethal, with a fatality rate of 35%. New prophylactic and therapeutic strategies to combat human infections are urgently needed. We isolated a fully human neutralizing antibody, MCA1, from a human survivor. The antibody recognizes the receptor-binding domain of MERS-CoV S glycoprotein and interferes with the interaction between viral S and the human cellular receptor human dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4). To our knowledge, this study is the first to report a human neutralizing monoclonal antibody that completely inhibits MERS-CoV replication in common marmosets. Monotherapy with MCA1 represents a potential alternative treatment for human infections with MERS-CoV worthy of evaluation in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Chen
- MOH Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College
| | - Linlin Bao
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, Ministry of Health, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Models of Emerging and Remerging Infectious Diseases
| | - Cong Chen
- MOH Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College
| | - Tingting Zou
- College of Life Sciences and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan
| | - Ying Xue
- MOH Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College
| | - Fengdi Li
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, Ministry of Health, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Models of Emerging and Remerging Infectious Diseases
| | - Qi Lv
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, Ministry of Health, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Models of Emerging and Remerging Infectious Diseases
| | - Songzhi Gu
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, Ministry of Health, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Models of Emerging and Remerging Infectious Diseases
| | - Xiaopan Gao
- MOH Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College
| | - Sheng Cui
- MOH Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College
| | - Jianmin Wang
- MOH Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College
| | - Chuan Qin
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, Ministry of Health, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Models of Emerging and Remerging Infectious Diseases
| | - Qi Jin
- MOH Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, China
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Gibbs JP, Slatter JG, Egbuna O, Geller M, Hamilton L, Dias CS, Xu RY, Johnson J, Wasserman SM, Emery MG. Evaluation of Evolocumab (AMG 145), a Fully Human Anti-PCSK9 IgG2 Monoclonal Antibody, in Subjects With Hepatic Impairment. J Clin Pharmacol 2016; 57:513-523. [PMID: 27667740 PMCID: PMC5363371 DOI: 10.1002/jcph.832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Evolocumab binds PCSK9, increasing low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) receptors and lowering LDL-C. Target-mediated evolocumab elimination is attributable to PCSK9 binding. As circulating PCSK9 and LDL-C levels are primarily regulated by the liver, we compared evolocumab pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and safety in individuals with and without hepatic impairment. An open-label, parallel-group study evaluated the pharmacokinetics of evolocumab in hepatic-impaired (Child-Pugh Class A or B) or healthy adults. Participants were classified as having no, mild, or moderate hepatic impairment (n = 8/group) and received a single 140-mg evolocumab dose. Assessments of unbound evolocumab and PCSK9 were made predose and postdose. Adverse events were monitored throughout the study. No significant association was observed between baseline PCSK9 and increasing level of hepatic impairment. No difference in extent and time course of PCSK9 or LDL-C reduction was observed despite an apparent decrease in mean unbound evolocumab exposure with increasing hepatic impairment (Jonckheere-Terpstra trend test; maximum serum concentration P = .18; area under the curve P = .09). Maximum reductions were observed in moderately impaired subjects vs healthy individuals: mean maximum serum concentration -34%; mean area under the concentration-time curve (AUC) -47%. On average, unbound PCSK9 serum concentrations fell by >80% at 4 hours after a single evolocumab dose. Mean (95% confidence interval) maximum LDL-C reductions in the healthy, mild, and moderate groups were -57% (-64% to -48%), -70% (-75% to -63%), and -53% (-61% to -43%), respectively. No safety risks were identified. These results support evolocumab use without dose adjustment in patients with active liver disease and mild or moderate hepatic impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- John P Gibbs
- Medical Sciences, Amgen, Inc., Thousand Oaks, CA, USA.,AbbVie, North Chicago, IL, USA
| | - J Greg Slatter
- Medical Sciences, Amgen, Inc., Thousand Oaks, CA, USA.,Acerta Pharma, Bellevue, WA, USA
| | - Ogo Egbuna
- Medical Sciences, Amgen, Inc., Thousand Oaks, CA, USA
| | | | - Lisa Hamilton
- Biostatistics-Internationals, Amgen, Inc., Uxbridge, UK
| | - Clapton S Dias
- Medical Sciences, Amgen, Inc., Thousand Oaks, CA, USA.,BioMarin Pharmaceutical Inc., San Rafael, CA, USA
| | - Ren Y Xu
- Medical Sciences, Amgen, Inc., Thousand Oaks, CA, USA.,Gilead Science Inc., Foster City, CA, USA
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45
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Ren H, Wang G, Wang S, Chen H, Chen Z, Hu H, Cheng G, Zhou P. Cross-protection of newly emerging HPAI H5 viruses by neutralizing human monoclonal antibodies: A viable alternative to oseltamivir. MAbs 2016; 8:1156-66. [PMID: 27167234 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2016.1183083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Newly emerging highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N2, H5N3, H5N5, H5N6, H5N8 and H5N9 viruses have been spreading in poultry and wild birds. The H5N6 viruses have also caused 10 human infections with 4 fatal cases in China. Here, we assessed the cross-neutralization and cross-protection of human and mouse monoclonal antibodies against 2 viruses: a HPAI H5N8 virus, A/chicken/Netherlands/14015526/2014 (NE14) and a HPAI H5N6 virus, A/Sichuan/26221/2014 (SC14). The former was isolated from an infected chicken in Netherlands in 2014 and the latter was isolated from an infected human patient in Sichuan, China. We show that antibodies FLA5.10, FLD21.140, 100F4 and 65C6, but not AVFluIgG01, AVFluIgG03, S139/1 and the VRC01 control, potently cross-neutralize the H5N8 NE14 and H5N6 SC14 viruses. Furthermore, we show that a single injection of >1 mg/kg of antibody 100F4 at 4 hours before, or 20 mg/kg antibody 100F4 at 72 hours after, a lethal dose of H5N8 NE14 enables mice to withstand the infection. Finally, we show that a single injection of 0.5 or 1 mg/kg antibody 100F4 prophylactically or 10 mg/kg 100F4 therapeutically outperforms a 5-day course of 10 mg/kg/day oseltamivir treatment against lethal H5N8 NE14 or H5N6 SC14 infection in mice. Our results suggest that further preclinical evaluation of human monoclonal antibodies against newly emerging H5 viruses is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanhuan Ren
- a Unit of Antiviral Immunity and Genetic Therapy, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai , China
| | - Guiqin Wang
- a Unit of Antiviral Immunity and Genetic Therapy, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai , China
| | - Shuangshuang Wang
- a Unit of Antiviral Immunity and Genetic Therapy, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai , China
| | - Honglin Chen
- b The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region , China
| | - Zhiwei Chen
- b The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region , China
| | - Hongxing Hu
- a Unit of Antiviral Immunity and Genetic Therapy, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai , China
| | | | - Paul Zhou
- a Unit of Antiviral Immunity and Genetic Therapy, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai , China
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Wang Y, Kern A, Boatright NK, Schiller ZA, Sadowski A, Ejemel M, Souders CA, Reimann KA, Hu L, Thomas WD, Klempner MS. Pre-exposure Prophylaxis With OspA-Specific Human Monoclonal Antibodies Protects Mice Against Tick Transmission of Lyme Disease Spirochetes. J Infect Dis 2016; 214:205-11. [PMID: 27338767 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiw151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2015] [Accepted: 04/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tick transmission of Borrelia spirochetes to humans results in significant morbidity from Lyme disease worldwide. Serum concentrations of antibodies against outer surface protein A (OspA) were shown to correlate with protection from infection with Borrelia burgdorferi, the primary cause of Lyme disease in the United States. METHODS Mice transgenic for human immunoglobulin genes were immunized with OspA from B. burgdorferi to generate human monoclonal antibodies (HuMabs) against OspA. HuMabs were generated and tested in in vitro borreliacidal assays and animal protection assays. RESULTS Nearly 100 unique OspA-specific HuMabs were generated, and 4 HuMabs (221-7, 857-2, 319-44, and 212-55) were selected as lead candidates on the basis of borreliacidal activity. HuMabs 319-44, 857-2, and 212-55 were borreliacidal against 1 or 2 Borrelia genospecies, whereas 221-7 was borreliacidal (half maximal inhibitory concentration, < 1 nM) against B. burgdorferi, Borrelia afzelii, and Borrelia garinii, the 3 main genospecies endemic in the United States, Europe, and Asia. All 4 HuMabs completely protected mice from infection at 10 mg/kg in a murine model of tick-mediated transmission of B. burgdorferi CONCLUSIONS Our study indicates that OspA-specific HuMabs can prevent the transmission of Borrelia and that administration of these antibodies could be employed as preexposure prophylaxis for Lyme disease.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies, Bacterial/administration & dosage
- Antibodies, Bacterial/isolation & purification
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/administration & dosage
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/isolation & purification
- Antigens, Surface
- Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors
- Bacterial Vaccines/antagonists & inhibitors
- Disease Models, Animal
- Disease Transmission, Infectious/prevention & control
- Immunization, Passive/methods
- Immunologic Factors/administration & dosage
- Immunologic Factors/isolation & purification
- Lipoproteins/antagonists & inhibitors
- Lyme Disease/prevention & control
- Lyme Disease/transmission
- Mice, Inbred C3H
- Mice, Transgenic
- Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis/methods
- Tick Bites/complications
- Treatment Outcome
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wang
- MassBiologics, University of Massachusetts Medical School
| | - Aurélie Kern
- Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | | | | | - Monir Ejemel
- MassBiologics, University of Massachusetts Medical School
| | | | | | - Linden Hu
- Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
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De Benedictis P, Minola A, Rota Nodari E, Aiello R, Zecchin B, Salomoni A, Foglierini M, Agatic G, Vanzetta F, Lavenir R, Lepelletier A, Bentley E, Weiss R, Cattoli G, Capua I, Sallusto F, Wright E, Lanzavecchia A, Bourhy H, Corti D. Development of broad-spectrum human monoclonal antibodies for rabies post-exposure prophylaxis. EMBO Mol Med 2016; 8:407-21. [PMID: 26992832 PMCID: PMC4818751 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.201505986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2015] [Revised: 02/08/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently available rabies post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) for use in humans includes equine or human rabies immunoglobulins (RIG). The replacement of RIG with an equally or more potent and safer product is strongly encouraged due to the high costs and limited availability of existing RIG. In this study, we identified two broadly neutralizing human monoclonal antibodies that represent a valid and affordable alternative to RIG in rabies PEP. Memory B cells from four selected vaccinated donors were immortalized and monoclonal antibodies were tested for neutralizing activity and epitope specificity. Two antibodies, identified as RVC20 and RVC58 (binding to antigenic site I and III, respectively), were selected for their potency and broad-spectrum reactivity. In vitro, RVC20 and RVC58 were able to neutralize all 35 rabies virus (RABV) and 25 non-RABV lyssaviruses. They showed higher potency and breath compared to antibodies under clinical development (namely CR57, CR4098, and RAB1) and commercially available human RIG. In vivo, the RVC20-RVC58 cocktail protected Syrian hamsters from a lethal RABV challenge and did not affect the endogenous hamster post-vaccination antibody response.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/administration & dosage
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/immunology
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/isolation & purification
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/administration & dosage
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/immunology
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/isolation & purification
- Antibodies, Viral/administration & dosage
- Antibodies, Viral/immunology
- Antibodies, Viral/isolation & purification
- Disease Models, Animal
- Humans
- Immunization, Passive/methods
- Immunologic Factors/administration & dosage
- Immunologic Factors/immunology
- Immunologic Factors/isolation & purification
- Mesocricetus
- Post-Exposure Prophylaxis/methods
- Rabies/prevention & control
- Rabies virus/immunology
- Survival Analysis
- Treatment Outcome
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola De Benedictis
- FAO and National Reference Centre for Rabies, National Reference Centre and OIE Collaborating Centre for Diseases at the Animal-Human Interface, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Legnaro, Padua, Italy
| | | | - Elena Rota Nodari
- FAO and National Reference Centre for Rabies, National Reference Centre and OIE Collaborating Centre for Diseases at the Animal-Human Interface, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Legnaro, Padua, Italy
| | - Roberta Aiello
- FAO and National Reference Centre for Rabies, National Reference Centre and OIE Collaborating Centre for Diseases at the Animal-Human Interface, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Legnaro, Padua, Italy
| | - Barbara Zecchin
- FAO and National Reference Centre for Rabies, National Reference Centre and OIE Collaborating Centre for Diseases at the Animal-Human Interface, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Legnaro, Padua, Italy
| | - Angela Salomoni
- FAO and National Reference Centre for Rabies, National Reference Centre and OIE Collaborating Centre for Diseases at the Animal-Human Interface, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Legnaro, Padua, Italy
| | - Mathilde Foglierini
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Rachel Lavenir
- Institut Pasteur, Unit of Lyssavirus Dynamics and Host Adaptation National Reference Centre for Rabies World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Rabies, Paris Cedex 15, France
| | - Anthony Lepelletier
- Institut Pasteur, Unit of Lyssavirus Dynamics and Host Adaptation National Reference Centre for Rabies World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Rabies, Paris Cedex 15, France
| | - Emma Bentley
- Viral Pseudotype Unit, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Westminster, London, UK
| | - Robin Weiss
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, UK
| | - Giovanni Cattoli
- FAO and National Reference Centre for Rabies, National Reference Centre and OIE Collaborating Centre for Diseases at the Animal-Human Interface, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Legnaro, Padua, Italy
| | - Ilaria Capua
- FAO and National Reference Centre for Rabies, National Reference Centre and OIE Collaborating Centre for Diseases at the Animal-Human Interface, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Legnaro, Padua, Italy
| | - Federica Sallusto
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Edward Wright
- Viral Pseudotype Unit, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Westminster, London, UK
| | - Antonio Lanzavecchia
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Bellinzona, Switzerland Institute of Microbiology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Hervé Bourhy
- Institut Pasteur, Unit of Lyssavirus Dynamics and Host Adaptation National Reference Centre for Rabies World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Rabies, Paris Cedex 15, France
| | - Davide Corti
- Humabs BioMed SA, Bellinzona, Switzerland Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Bellinzona, Switzerland
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Cho S, Park I, Kim H, Jeong MS, Lim M, Lee ES, Kim JH, Kim S, Hong HJ. Generation, characterization and preclinical studies of a human anti-L1CAM monoclonal antibody that cross-reacts with rodent L1CAM. MAbs 2016; 8:414-25. [PMID: 26785809 PMCID: PMC5037990 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2015.1125067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
L1 cell adhesion molecule (L1CAM) is aberrantly expressed in malignant tumors and plays important roles in tumor progression. Thus, L1CAM could serve as a therapeutic target and anti-L1CAM antibodies may have potential as anticancer agents. However, L1CAM is expressed in neural cells and the druggability of anti-L1AM antibody must be validated at the earliest stages of preclinical study. Here, we generated a human monoclonal antibody that is cross-reactive with mouse L1CAM and evaluated its pharmacokinetic properties and anti-tumor efficacy in rodent models. First, we selected an antibody (Ab4) that binds human and mouse L1CAM from the human naïve Fab library using phage display, then increased its affinity 45-fold through mutation of 3 residues in the complementarity-determining regions (CDRs) to generate Ab4M. Next, the affinity of Ab4M was increased 1.8-fold by yeast display of single-chain variable fragment containing randomly mutated light chain CDR3 to generate Ab417. The affinities (KD) of Ab417 for human and mouse L1CAM were 0.24 nM and 79.16 pM, respectively. Ab417 specifically bound the Ig5 domain of L1CAM and did not exhibit off-target activity, but bound to the peripheral nerves embedded in normal human tissues as expected in immunohistochemical analysis. In a pharmacokinetics study, the mean half-life of Ab417 was 114.49 h when a single dose (10 mg/kg) was intravenously injected into SD rats. Ab417 significantly inhibited tumor growth in a human cholangiocarcinoma xenograft nude mouse model and did not induce any adverse effect in in vivo studies. Thus, Ab417 may have potential as an anticancer agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seulki Cho
- a Department of Functional Genomics , University of Science & Technology , Daejeon , Korea.,b Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Kangwon National University , Chuncheon , Korea
| | - Insoo Park
- c Immunotherapy Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience & Biotechnology , Daejeon , Korea
| | - Haejung Kim
- b Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Kangwon National University , Chuncheon , Korea
| | - Mun Sik Jeong
- d Department of Systems Immunology , Kangwon National University , Chuncheon , Korea
| | - Mooney Lim
- d Department of Systems Immunology , Kangwon National University , Chuncheon , Korea
| | - Eung Suk Lee
- b Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Kangwon National University , Chuncheon , Korea
| | - Jin Hong Kim
- b Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Kangwon National University , Chuncheon , Korea
| | - Semi Kim
- c Immunotherapy Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience & Biotechnology , Daejeon , Korea
| | - Hyo Jeong Hong
- b Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Kangwon National University , Chuncheon , Korea.,d Department of Systems Immunology , Kangwon National University , Chuncheon , Korea
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Wang W, Sun L, Li T, Ma Y, Li J, Liu Y, Li M, Wang L, Li C, Xie Y, Wen Y, Liang M, Chen L, Tong S. A human monoclonal antibody against small envelope protein of hepatitis B virus with potent neutralization effect. MAbs 2015; 8:468-77. [PMID: 26713590 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2015.1134409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) produces large (L), middle (M), and small (S) envelope proteins, alternatively referred to as hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg). Currently, yeast-derived S protein serves as the preventive vaccine, while hepatitis B immune globulin (HBIG) concentrated from pooled plasma of vaccine recipients is employed for post-exposure prophylaxis. However, only a small proportion of the antibodies in HBIG are HBV specific. In the present study, a human monoclonal anti-S antibody (G12) was developed, produced under GLP conditions, and subjected to a panel of functional assays. In vitro results demonstrated high affinity of G12 for the S protein (KD = 7.56 nM). It reacted with envelope proteins of all 7 HBV genotypes tested (A-F, H) by immunofluorescent staining, and more than 97% of HBsAg-positive patient serum samples by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. G12 recognized a conformational epitope, although the exact sequence remains unknown. Strikingly, G12 was at least 1,000-fold more potent than HBIG in neutralizing HBV infectivity in both HepaRG cell line and HepG2 cells reconstituted with the HBV receptor. In a transgenic mouse model of HBV persistence, a single peritoneal injection of G12 markedly diminished serum HBsAg titers in all 7 mice, which was sustained for the observation period of 144 d in mice with low pre-treatment levels. While the therapeutic potential of G12 warrants further investigation using a large number of animals, G12 is a potent neutralizing human monoclonal antibody and a promising candidate to replace or supplement HBIG in the prevention of HBV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- a Department of Pathobiology and Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology , School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University , Shanghai , China
| | - Lina Sun
- b Key Laboratory for Medical Virology, NHFPC, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention , China
| | - Tiansheng Li
- a Department of Pathobiology and Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology , School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University , Shanghai , China
| | - Yanchun Ma
- c Putuo District Center Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Shanghai , China
| | - Jisu Li
- d Liver Research Center, The Warren Alpert School of Medicine, Brown University , Providence , Rhode Island , USA
| | - Yang Liu
- b Key Laboratory for Medical Virology, NHFPC, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention , China
| | - Meng Li
- a Department of Pathobiology and Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology , School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University , Shanghai , China
| | - Lei Wang
- a Department of Pathobiology and Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology , School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University , Shanghai , China
| | - Chuan Li
- b Key Laboratory for Medical Virology, NHFPC, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention , China
| | - Youhua Xie
- a Department of Pathobiology and Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology , School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University , Shanghai , China
| | - Yumei Wen
- a Department of Pathobiology and Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology , School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University , Shanghai , China
| | - Mifang Liang
- b Key Laboratory for Medical Virology, NHFPC, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention , China
| | - Li Chen
- a Department of Pathobiology and Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology , School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University , Shanghai , China
| | - Shuping Tong
- a Department of Pathobiology and Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology , School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University , Shanghai , China
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50
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Danger Y, Danard S, Gringoire V, Peyrard T, Riou P, Semana G, Vérité F. Characterization of a new human monoclonal antibody directed against the Vel antigen. Vox Sang 2015; 110:172-8. [PMID: 26382919 DOI: 10.1111/vox.12321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2015] [Revised: 06/01/2015] [Accepted: 07/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES The Vel blood group antigen is a poorly characterized high-prevalence antigen. Until now, anti-Vel antibodies have been observed in only alloimmunized Vel-negative individuals. In this study, we aimed to establish a human hybridoma cell line secreting the first anti-Vel monoclonal antibody (mAb), clone SpG213Dc. MATERIALS AND METHODS Peripheral blood lymphocytes from a French Vel-negative woman with anti-Vel in her plasma were transformed with Epstein-Barr virus and then hybridized with the myeloma cell line Sp2/O-Ag14 using the polyethylene glycol (PEG) method. A specific anti-Vel mAb was successfully produced and was extensively characterized by serological, flow cytometry and Western blot analyses. RESULTS One human anti-Vel-secreting clone was produced and the secreted anti-Vel mAb (SpG213Dc) was examined. The specificity of the SpG213Dc mAb was assessed by its reactivity against a panel of nine genotyped RBCs including, respectively, three Vel-negative and six Vel-positive (three wild-type homozygous and three heterozygous) samples using flow cytometry method. Vel-positive RBCs were specifically stained and were subsequently used to perform Western blot and immunoprecipitation analysis of the Vel antigen. CONCLUSION Serological characterization of the new monoclonal anti-Vel SpG213Dc showed a heterogeneous level of expression of the Vel antigen on the different RBCs. Our results suggest that the mAb SpG213Dc can be reliably used as a blood grouping reagent, thus allowing the mass-scale phenotyping of blood donors to strengthen rare blood banks with Vel-negative RBC units.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Danger
- EFS Bretagne, Rennes, France.,Structure Fédérative BioSit UMS 3480 CNRS-US18 Inserm, Rennes, France
| | | | | | - T Peyrard
- Institut National de la Transfusion Sanguine, Département Centre National de Référence pour les Groupes Sanguins, Paris, France.,INSERM UMR_S1134, Paris, France.,Laboratoire d'Excellence LABEX GR-Ex, Paris, France
| | - P Riou
- EFS Bretagne, Rennes, France
| | | | - F Vérité
- EFS Bretagne, Rennes, France.,Structure Fédérative BioSit UMS 3480 CNRS-US18 Inserm, Rennes, France
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