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Zhang L, Hong HJ, Duan BD, Zhang Y, Shao CC, Wang LN, Jiao X, Du YJ, Zou YQ, Ma YY. Neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio and hypersensitive C-reaction protein are associated with miscarriage during the second trimester of pregnancy. J BIOL REG HOMEOS AG 2021; 35:889-900. [PMID: 34013686 DOI: 10.23812/20-579-a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated whether biomarkers in the second trimester of pregnancy, including the white blood cell (WBC) count, neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), hypersensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) concentration, and procalcitonin (PCT) concentration, were associated with miscarriage during the second trimester of pregnancy. Sixty-two asymptomatic patients in their second trimester of pregnancy were included in the control group (group A). Among 67 patients diagnosed with late threatened miscarriage, 46 patients with ongoing pregnancy were included in group B and 21 patients with subsequent miscarriage were included in group C. The serum of these patients was collected and the biomarkers were analyzed. A paired-samples t-test was used for the comparison between the groups before and after the miscarriage. Statistical significance was set at p<0.05. Receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis was performed to evaluate the predictive value of different biomarkers for miscarriage during the second trimester of pregnancy. WBC count, neutrophil percentage, and hs-CRP levels were significantly higher in group C than in groups A and B (p<0.05). Lymphocyte percentage and albumin levels decreased significantly from group A to group C (p<0.05). In contrast, NLR increased significantly from group A to group C (p<0.05). There was a significant decrease in the WBC count, neutrophil percentage, hemoglobin concentration, and post-miscarriage NLR among the cases with miscarriage (p<0.05). The area under the curve of WBC count, NLR, hs-CRP, and the combination of these three factors for the prediction of late miscarriage varied from 78.0% to 82.6%. The combination of these three factors had the highest specificity of 91.1%, while hs-CRP had the highest sensitivity of 88.9%. WBC count, NLR, and hs-CRP levels are strongly associated with miscarriage during the second trimester of pregnancy, indicating that they are potential predictive biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Ji'nan, China.,Department of Obstetrics, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Ji'nan, China
| | - H J Hong
- Department of Obstetrics, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Ji'nan, China
| | - B D Duan
- Department of Obstetrics, Zibo Central hospital, Zibo, China
| | - Y Zhang
- Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Ji'nan, China.,Clinical Research Center, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Ji'nan, China
| | - C C Shao
- Center of Evidence-based Medicine, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Ji'nan, China
| | - L N Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Ji'nan, China
| | - X Jiao
- School of Medicine, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Ji'nan, China
| | - Y J Du
- School of Medicine, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Ji'nan, China
| | - Y Q Zou
- School of Medicine, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Ji'nan, China
| | - Y Y Ma
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Ji'nan, China
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2
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Hong J, Choi Y, Choi Y, Lee J, Hong HJ. Epitope-Paratope Interaction of a Neutralizing Human Anti-Hepatitis B Virus PreS1 Antibody That Recognizes the Receptor-Binding Motif. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9070754. [PMID: 34358170 PMCID: PMC8310169 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9070754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a global health burden that causes acute and chronic hepatitis. To develop an HBV-neutralizing antibody that effectively prevents HBV infection, we previously generated a human anti-preS1 monoclonal antibody (1A8) that binds to genotypes A–D and validated its HBV-neutralizing activity in vitro. In the present study, we aimed to determine the fine epitope and paratope of 1A8 to understand the mechanism of HBV neutralization. We performed alanine-scanning mutagenesis on the preS1 (aa 19–34, genotype C) and the heavy (HCDR) and light (LCDR) chain complementarity-determining regions. The 1A8 recognized the three residues (Leu22, Gly23, and Phe25) within the highly conserved receptor-binding motif (NPLGFFP) of the preS1, while four CDR residues of 1A8 were critical in antigen binding. Structural analysis of the epitope–paratope interaction by molecular modeling revealed that Leu100 in the HCDR3, Ala50 in the HCDR2, and Tyr96 in the LCDR3 closely interacted with Leu22, Gly23, and Phe25 of the preS1. Additionally, we found that 1A8 also binds to the receptor-binding motif (NPLGFLP) of infrequently occurring HBV. The results suggest that 1A8 may broadly and effectively block HBV entry and thus have potential as a promising candidate for the prevention and treatment of HBV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jisu Hong
- Department of Systems Immunology, College of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea; (J.H.); (Y.C.); (J.L.)
| | - Youngjin Choi
- Department of Systems Immunology, College of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea; (J.H.); (Y.C.); (J.L.)
| | - Yoonjoo Choi
- Medical Research Center, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun 58128, Korea;
| | - Jiwoo Lee
- Department of Systems Immunology, College of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea; (J.H.); (Y.C.); (J.L.)
| | - Hyo Jeong Hong
- Department of Systems Immunology, College of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea; (J.H.); (Y.C.); (J.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-33-250-8381; Fax: +82-33-259-5643
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3
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Nam JK, Kim AR, Choi SH, Kim JH, Choi KJ, Cho S, Lee JW, Cho HJ, Kwon YW, Cho J, Kim KS, Kim J, Lee HJ, Lee TS, Bae S, Hong HJ, Lee YJ. An antibody against L1 cell adhesion molecule inhibits cardiotoxicity by regulating persistent DNA damage. Nat Commun 2021; 12:3279. [PMID: 34078883 PMCID: PMC8172563 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-23478-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Targeting the molecular pathways underlying the cardiotoxicity associated with thoracic irradiation and doxorubicin (Dox) could reduce the morbidity and mortality associated with these anticancer treatments. Here, we find that vascular endothelial cells (ECs) with persistent DNA damage induced by irradiation and Dox treatment exhibit a fibrotic phenotype (endothelial-mesenchymal transition, EndMT) correlating with the colocalization of L1CAM and persistent DNA damage foci. We demonstrate that treatment with the anti-L1CAM antibody Ab417 decreases L1CAM overexpression and nuclear translocation and persistent DNA damage foci. We show that in whole-heart-irradiated mice, EC-specific p53 deletion increases vascular fibrosis and the colocalization of L1CAM and DNA damage foci, while Ab417 attenuates these effects. We also demonstrate that Ab417 prevents cardiac dysfunction-related decrease in fractional shortening and prolongs survival after whole-heart irradiation or Dox treatment. We show that cardiomyopathy patient-derived cardiovascular ECs with persistent DNA damage show upregulated L1CAM and EndMT, indicating clinical applicability of Ab417. We conclude that controlling vascular DNA damage by inhibiting nuclear L1CAM translocation might effectively prevent anticancer therapy-associated cardiotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Kyung Nam
- grid.415464.60000 0000 9489 1588Division of Radiation Biomedical Research, Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences, Seoul, Korea ,grid.222754.40000 0001 0840 2678Laboratory of Biochemistry, Division of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - A-Ram Kim
- grid.415464.60000 0000 9489 1588Division of Radiation Biomedical Research, Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seo-Hyun Choi
- grid.415464.60000 0000 9489 1588Division of Radiation Biomedical Research, Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences, Seoul, Korea ,grid.51462.340000 0001 2171 9952Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, NY, USA
| | - Ji-Hee Kim
- grid.415464.60000 0000 9489 1588Division of Radiation Biomedical Research, Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences, Seoul, Korea ,grid.222754.40000 0001 0840 2678Laboratory of Biochemistry, Division of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyu Jin Choi
- grid.415464.60000 0000 9489 1588Division of Radiation Biomedical Research, Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seulki Cho
- grid.412010.60000 0001 0707 9039Division of Biomedical Convergence, College of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Jae Won Lee
- grid.412484.f0000 0001 0302 820XBiomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyun-Jai Cho
- grid.412484.f0000 0001 0302 820XBiomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yoo-Wook Kwon
- grid.412484.f0000 0001 0302 820XCardiovascular Center & Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jaeho Cho
- grid.15444.300000 0004 0470 5454Department of Radiation Oncology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kwang Seok Kim
- grid.415464.60000 0000 9489 1588Division of Radiation Biomedical Research, Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences, Seoul, Korea
| | - Joon Kim
- grid.222754.40000 0001 0840 2678Laboratory of Biochemistry, Division of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hae-June Lee
- grid.415464.60000 0000 9489 1588Division of Radiation Biomedical Research, Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences, Seoul, Korea
| | - Tae Sup Lee
- grid.415464.60000 0000 9489 1588Division of RI Convergence Research, Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sangwoo Bae
- grid.415464.60000 0000 9489 1588Division of Radiation Biomedical Research, Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyo Jeong Hong
- grid.412010.60000 0001 0707 9039Division of Biomedical Convergence, College of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Korea ,grid.482586.5Scripps Korea Antibody Institute, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Yoon-Jin Lee
- grid.415464.60000 0000 9489 1588Division of Radiation Biomedical Research, Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences, Seoul, Korea
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Quijano-Rubio A, Yeh HW, Park J, Lee H, Langan RA, Boyken SE, Lajoie MJ, Cao L, Chow CM, Miranda MC, Wi J, Hong HJ, Stewart L, Oh BH, Baker D. De novo design of modular and tunable protein biosensors. Nature 2021; 591:482-487. [PMID: 33503651 PMCID: PMC8074680 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-021-03258-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Naturally occurring protein switches have been repurposed for the development of biosensors and reporters for cellular and clinical applications1. However, the number of such switches is limited, and reengineering them is challenging. Here we show that a general class of protein-based biosensors can be created by inverting the flow of information through de novo designed protein switches in which the binding of a peptide key triggers biological outputs of interest2. The designed sensors are modular molecular devices with a closed dark state and an open luminescent state; analyte binding drives the switch from the closed to the open state. Because the sensor is based on the thermodynamic coupling of analyte binding to sensor activation, only one target binding domain is required, which simplifies sensor design and allows direct readout in solution. We create biosensors that can sensitively detect the anti-apoptosis protein BCL-2, the IgG1 Fc domain, the HER2 receptor, and Botulinum neurotoxin B, as well as biosensors for cardiac troponin I and an anti-hepatitis B virus antibody with the high sensitivity required to detect these molecules clinically. Given the need for diagnostic tools to track the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)3, we used the approach to design sensors for the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and antibodies against the membrane and nucleocapsid proteins. The former, which incorporates a de novo designed spike receptor binding domain (RBD) binder4, has a limit of detection of 15 pM and a luminescence signal 50-fold higher than the background level. The modularity and sensitivity of the platform should enable the rapid construction of sensors for a wide range of analytes, and highlights the power of de novo protein design to create multi-state protein systems with new and useful functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfredo Quijano-Rubio
- Department of Biochemistry and Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA,Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - Hsien-Wei Yeh
- Department of Biochemistry and Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - Jooyoung Park
- Department of Biochemistry and Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - Hansol Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, KAIST Institute for the Biocentury, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Robert A. Langan
- Department of Biochemistry and Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - Scott E. Boyken
- Department of Biochemistry and Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - Marc J. Lajoie
- Department of Biochemistry and Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - Longxing Cao
- Department of Biochemistry and Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - Cameron M. Chow
- Department of Biochemistry and Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - Marcos C. Miranda
- Department of Biochemistry and Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - Jimin Wi
- Department of Systems Immunology, College of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 200-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo Jeong Hong
- Department of Systems Immunology, College of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 200-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Lance Stewart
- Department of Biochemistry and Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - Byung-Ha Oh
- Department of Biochemistry and Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA,Department of Biological Sciences, KAIST Institute for the Biocentury, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea,Correspondence and requests for materials should be addressed to D.B. or B.-H.O
| | - David Baker
- Department of Biochemistry and Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA,Correspondence and requests for materials should be addressed to D.B. or B.-H.O
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5
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Kim D, Hong J, Choi Y, Han J, Kim S, Jo G, Yoon JY, Chae H, Yoon H, Lee C, Hong HJ. Generation and Characterization of Monoclonal Antibodies to the Ogawa Lipopolysaccharide of Vibrio cholerae O1 from Phage-Displayed Human Synthetic Fab Library. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 30:1760-1768. [PMID: 32876069 PMCID: PMC9728160 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.2005.05046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Vibrio cholerae, cause of the life-threatening diarrheal disease cholera, can be divided into different serogroups based on the structure of its lipopolysaccharide (LPS), which consists of lipid-A, corepolysaccharide and O-antigen polysaccharide (O-PS). The O1 serogroup, the predominant cause of cholera, includes two major serotypes, Inaba and Ogawa. These serotypes are differentiated by the presence of a single 2-O-methyl group in the upstream terminal perosamine of the Ogawa O-PS, which is absent in the Inaba O-PS. To ensure the consistent quality and efficacy of the current cholera vaccines, accurate measurement and characterization of each of these two serotypes is highly important. In this study, we efficiently screened a phage-displayed human synthetic Fab library by bio-panning against Ogawa LPS and finally selected three unique mAbs (D9, E11, and F7) that specifically react with Ogawa LPS. The mAbs bound to Vibrio cholerae vaccine in a dose-dependent fashion. Sequence and structure analyses of antibody paratopes suggest that IgG D9 might have the same fine specificity as that of the murine mAbs, which were shown to bind to the upstream terminal perosamine of Ogawa O-PS, whereas IgGs F7 and E11 showed some different characteristics in the paratopes. To our knowledge, this study is the first to demonstrate the generation of Ogawa-specific mAbs using phage display technology. The mAbs will be useful for identification and quantification of Ogawa LPS in multivalent V. cholerae vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dain Kim
- Department of Systems Immunology, College of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 2434, Republic of Korea
| | - Jisu Hong
- Department of Systems Immunology, College of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 2434, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoonjoo Choi
- Medical Research Center, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun 5818, Republic of Korea
| | - Jemin Han
- Eubiologics Co., Ltd., Chuncheon 2422, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangkyu Kim
- Department of Systems Immunology, College of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 2434, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyunghee Jo
- Department of Systems Immunology, College of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 2434, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Yeol Yoon
- Department of Systems Immunology, College of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 2434, Republic of Korea
| | - Heesu Chae
- Department of Systems Immunology, College of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 2434, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeseon Yoon
- Eubiologics Co., Ltd., Chuncheon 2422, Republic of Korea
| | - Chankyu Lee
- Eubiologics Co., Ltd., Chuncheon 2422, Republic of Korea,Corresponding authors H.J.Hong Phone: 82-33-250-8381 Fax: 82-33-259-5643 E-mail:
| | - Hyo Jeong Hong
- Department of Systems Immunology, College of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 2434, Republic of Korea,Scripps Korea Antibody Institute, Chuncheon 231, Republic of Korea,Corresponding authors H.J.Hong Phone: 82-33-250-8381 Fax: 82-33-259-5643 E-mail:
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Quijano-Rubio A, Yeh HW, Park J, Lee H, Langan RA, Boyken SE, Lajoie MJ, Cao L, Chow CM, Miranda MC, Wi J, Hong HJ, Stewart L, Oh BH, Baker D. De novo design of modular and tunable allosteric biosensors. bioRxiv 2020. [PMID: 32743576 DOI: 10.1101/2020.07.18.206946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Naturally occurring allosteric protein switches have been repurposed for developing novel biosensors and reporters for cellular and clinical applications 1 , but the number of such switches is limited, and engineering them is often challenging as each is different. Here, we show that a very general class of allosteric protein-based biosensors can be created by inverting the flow of information through de novo designed protein switches in which binding of a peptide key triggers biological outputs of interest 2 . Using broadly applicable design principles, we allosterically couple binding of protein analytes of interest to the reconstitution of luciferase activity and a bioluminescent readout through the association of designed lock and key proteins. Because the sensor is based purely on thermodynamic coupling of analyte binding to switch activation, only one target binding domain is required, which simplifies sensor design and allows direct readout in solution. We demonstrate the modularity of this platform by creating biosensors that, with little optimization, sensitively detect the anti-apoptosis protein Bcl-2, the hIgG1 Fc domain, the Her2 receptor, and Botulinum neurotoxin B, as well as biosensors for cardiac Troponin I and an anti-Hepatitis B virus (HBV) antibody that achieve the sub-nanomolar sensitivity necessary to detect clinically relevant concentrations of these molecules. Given the current need for diagnostic tools for tracking COVID-19 3 , we use the approach to design sensors of antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 protein epitopes and of the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein. The latter, which incorporates a de novo designed RBD binder, has a limit of detection of 15pM with an up to seventeen fold increase in luminescence upon addition of RBD. The modularity and sensitivity of the platform should enable the rapid construction of sensors for a wide range of analytes and highlights the power of de novo protein design to create multi-state protein systems with new and useful functions.
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7
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Song IH, Jeong MS, Hong HJ, Shin JI, Park YS, Woo SK, Moon BS, Kim KI, Lee YJ, Kang JH, Lee TS. Development of a Theranostic Convergence Bioradiopharmaceutical for Immuno-PET Based Radioimmunotherapy of L1CAM in Cholangiocarcinoma Model. Clin Cancer Res 2019; 25:6148-6159. [PMID: 31337646 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-19-1157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2019] [Revised: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Cholangiocarcinoma is a malignancy of bile duct with a poor prognosis. Conventional chemotherapy and radiotherapy are generally ineffective, and surgical resection is the only curative treatment for cholangiocarcinoma. L1-cell adhesion molecule (L1CAM) has been known as a novel prognostic marker and therapeutic target for cholangiocarcinoma. This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility of immuno-PET imaging-based radioimmunotherapy using radiolabeled anti-L1CAM antibody in cholangiocarcinoma xenograft model. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We prepared a theranostic convergence bioradiopharmaceutical using chimeric anti-L1CAM antibody (cA10-A3) conjugated with 1,4,7-triazacyclononane-1,4,7-triacetic acid (NOTA) chelator and labeled with 64Cu or 177Lu and evaluated the immuno-PET or SPECT/CT imaging and biodistribution with 64Cu-/177Lu-cA10-A3 in various cholangiocarcinoma xenograft models. Therapeutic efficacy and response monitoring were performed by 177Lu-cA10-A3 and 18F-FDG-PET, respectively, and immunohistochemistry was done by TUNEL and Ki-67. RESULTS Radiolabeled cA10-A3 antibodies specifically recognized L1CAM in vitro, clearly visualized cholangiocarcinoma tumors in immuno-PET and SPECT/CT imaging, and differentiated the L1CAM expression level in cholangiocarcinoma xenograft models. 177Lu-cA10-A3 (12.95 MBq/100 μg) showed statistically significant reduction in tumor volumes (P < 0.05) and decreased glucose metabolism (P < 0.01). IHC analysis revealed 177Lu-cA10-A3 treatment increased TUNEL-positive and decreased Ki-67-positive cells, compared with saline, cA10-A3, or 177Lu-isotype. CONCLUSIONS Anti-L1CAM immuno-PET imaging using 64Cu-cA10-A3 could be translated into the clinic for characterizing the pharmacokinetics and selecting appropriate patients for radioimmunotherapy. Radioimmunotherapy using 177Lu-cA10-A3 may provide survival benefit in L1CAM-expressing cholangiocarcinoma tumor. Theranostic convergence bioradiopharmaceutical strategy would be applied as imaging biomarker-based personalized medicine in L1CAM-expressing patients with cholangiocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- In Ho Song
- Division of RI Application, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Yonsei University, Wonju, South Korea
| | - Mun Sik Jeong
- Department of Systems Immunology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Hyo Jeong Hong
- Department of Systems Immunology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, South Korea.,Scripps Korea Antibody Institute, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Jong Il Shin
- Division of RI Application, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yong Serk Park
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Yonsei University, Wonju, South Korea
| | - Sang-Keun Woo
- Division of RI Application, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Byung Seok Moon
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Ewha Womans University Seoul Hospital, Ewha Womans University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kwang Il Kim
- Division of RI Application, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yong Jin Lee
- Division of RI Application, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Joo Hyun Kang
- Division of RI Application, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Tae Sup Lee
- Division of RI Application, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, South Korea.
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8
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Kim D, Yoon H, Kim S, Wi J, Chae H, Jo G, Yoon JY, Kim H, Lee C, Kim SH, Hong HJ. Generation of a Human Monoclonal Antibody to Cross-Reactive Material 197 (CRM₁₉₇) and Development of a Sandwich ELISA for CRM₁₉₇ Conjugate Vaccines. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 28:2113-2120. [PMID: 30380821 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.1810.10009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
Cross-reactive material 197 (CRM₁₉₇) is a non-toxic mutant of diphtheria toxin containing a single amino acid substitution of glycine 52 with glutamic acid. CRM₁₉₇ has been used as a carrier protein for poorly immunogenic polysaccharide antigens to improve immune responses. In this study, to develop a sandwich ELISA that can detect CRM₁₉₇ and CRM₁₉₇ conjugate vaccines, we generated a human anti-CRM₁₉₇ monoclonal antibody (mAb) 3F9 using a phage-displayed human synthetic Fab library and produced mouse anti-CRM₁₉₇ polyclonal antibody. The affinity (KD) of 3F9 for CRM₁₉₇ was 3.55 nM, based on Bio-Layer interferometry, and it bound specifically to the B fragment of CRM₁₉₇. The sandwich ELISA was carried out using 3F9 as a capture antibody and the mouse polyclonal antibody as a detection antibody. The detection limit of the sandwich ELISA was <1 ng/ml CRM₁₉₇. In addition, the 3F9 antibody bound to the CRM₁₉₇-polysaccharide conjugates tested in a dose-dependent manner. This ELISA system will be useful for the quantification and characterization of CRM₁₉₇ and CRM₁₉₇ conjugate vaccines. To our knowledge, this study is the first to generate a human monoclonal antibody against CRM₁₉₇ and to develop a sandwich ELISA for CRM₁₉₇ conjugate vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dain Kim
- Department of Systems Immunology, College of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeseon Yoon
- Eubiologics Co., Ltd., Chuncheon 24232, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangkyu Kim
- Department of Systems Immunology, College of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Jimin Wi
- Scripps Korea Antibody Institute, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Heesu Chae
- Department of Systems Immunology, College of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyunghee Jo
- Department of Systems Immunology, College of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Yeol Yoon
- Department of Systems Immunology, College of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Heeyoun Kim
- Eubiologics Co., Ltd., Chuncheon 24232, Republic of Korea
| | - Chankyu Lee
- Eubiologics Co., Ltd., Chuncheon 24232, Republic of Korea
| | - Se-Ho Kim
- Department of Systems Immunology, College of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo Jeong Hong
- Department of Systems Immunology, College of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea.,Scripps Korea Antibody Institute, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
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9
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Jo G, Jeong MS, Wi J, Kim DH, Kim S, Kim D, Yoon JY, Chae H, Kim KH, Hong HJ. Generation and Characterization of a Neutralizing Human Monoclonal Antibody to Hepatitis B Virus PreS1 from a Phage-Displayed Human Synthetic Fab Library. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 28:1376-1383. [PMID: 30301315 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.1803.03056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
The hepatitis B virus (HBV) envelope contains small (S), middle (M), and large (L) proteins. PreS1 of the L protein contains a receptor-binding motif crucial for HBV infection. This motif is highly conserved among 10 HBV genotypes (A-J), making it a potential target for the prevention of HBV infection. In this study, we successfully generated a neutralizing human monoclonal antibody (mAb), 1A8 (IgG1), that recognizes the receptor-binding motif of preS1 using a phage-displayed human synthetic Fab library. Analysis of the antigen-binding activity of 1A8 for different genotypes indicated that it can specifically bind to the preS1 of major HBV genotypes (A-D). Based on Bio-Layer interferometry, the affinity (KD) of 1A8 for the preS1 of genotype C was 3.55 nM. 1A8 immunoprecipitated the hepatitis B virions of genotypes C and D. In an in vitro neutralization assay using HepG2 cells overexpressing the cellular receptor sodium taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide, 1A8 effectively neutralized HBV infection with genotype D. Taken together, the results suggest that 1A8 may neutralize the four HBV genotypes. Considering that genotypes A-D are most prevalent, 1A8 may be a neutralizing human mAb with promising potential in the prevention and treatment of HBV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gyunghee Jo
- Department of Systems Immunology, College of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Mun Sik Jeong
- Department of Systems Immunology, College of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Jimin Wi
- Scripps Korea Antibody Institute, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Doo Hyun Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Cancer Research and Diagnostic Medicine, IBST, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangkyu Kim
- Department of Systems Immunology, College of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Dain Kim
- Department of Systems Immunology, College of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Yeol Yoon
- Department of Systems Immunology, College of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Heesu Chae
- Department of Systems Immunology, College of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyun-Hwan Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Cancer Research and Diagnostic Medicine, IBST, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea.,Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo Jeong Hong
- Department of Systems Immunology, College of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea.,Scripps Korea Antibody Institute, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
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10
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Zhang W, Hong HJ, Chen YL. Establishment of a Gallbladder Cancer-Specific Survival Model to Predict Prognosis in Non-metastatic Gallbladder Cancer Patients After Surgical Resection. Dig Dis Sci 2018; 63:2251-2258. [PMID: 29736837 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-018-5103-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gallbladder cancer is an invasive cancer with a discouraging prognosis, and early detection and active intervention are of great value. AIMS To establish a more accurate and effective survival model to predict the prognosis of patients with non-metastatic gallbladder after surgical resection. METHODS A retrospective analysis was conducted in non-metastatic gallbladder cancer patients who were registered in the surveillance, epidemiology and end results database from 2010 to 2014. Univariate analysis and multivariate analysis were performed for the related factors that might affect the gallbladder cancer-specific survival. A prognostic gallbladder cancer-specific survival model was established using the nomogram tool. The discrimination test was measured by the c-index, and the conformance test was performed by a calibration curve. RESULTS In all, 1422 patients with non-metastatic gallbladder cancer were identified. The prognostic factors include age, gender, lymph node dissection, postoperative chemotherapy, tumor size, histological grading, pT stage and pN stage. The gallbladder cancer-specific survival model was established based on the prognostic factors. The model's c-index was 0.775, and the 7th AJCC staging c-index was 0.649. The calibration curves showed a good correlation between prediction and actual survival. CONCLUSIONS This study established the gallbladder cancer-specific survival model successfully. Compared with the 7th AJCC stage, this model refined the contribution of the pT stage, pN stage and other related factors and was demonstrated to be more accurate and reliable. More importantly, this model may allow clinicians to screen patients with a poor prognosis for closer follow-up or adjuvant treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woods Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Fujian Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350001, China
| | - H J Hong
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Fujian Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350001, China
| | - Yan-Ling Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Fujian Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350001, China.
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11
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Lee DH, Lee MY, Seo Y, Hong HJ, An HJ, Kang JS, Kim HM. Multi-paratopic VEGF decoy receptor have superior anti-tumor effects through anti-EGFRs and targeted anti-angiogenic activities. Biomaterials 2018; 171:34-45. [PMID: 29679794 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2018.04.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Revised: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Limitation of current anti-Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) cancer therapy is transitory responses, inevitable relapses and its insufficient tumor-targeting. Thus, multifaceted approaches, including the development of bispecific antibodies and combination strategies targeting different pathways have been proposed as an alternative. Here, we developed a novel multi-paratopic VEGF decoy receptor, Cetuximab-VEGF-Grab and Trastuzumab-VEGF-Grab, by genetically fusing VEGF decoy receptor (VEGF-Grab) to a single chain Fv of anti-Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) antibody (Cetuximab and Trastuzumab). These multi-paratopic VEGF decoy receptor, which recognize VEGF and EGFR family (EGFR or HER2), effectively suppressed both VEGF and EGFR pathways in vitro, to levels similar to those of the parental VEGF-Grab and anti-EGFR antibodies. In addition, the concurrent binding of multi-paratopic VEGF decoy receptor to VEGF and EGFR family enabled their specific localization to EGFR + tumor in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, Cetuximab-VEGF-Grab and Trastuzumab-VEGF-Grab exhibited the enhanced anti-tumor activities compared to VEGF-Grab in EGFR + tumor xenograft mouse model via anti-EGFR and the targeted anti-angiogenic activities. These results indicate that multi-paratopic VEGF decoy receptor can be a promising agent, combining tumor-targeted anti-angiogenic therapy with efficient blockade of proliferative signals mediated by EGFR family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dae Hee Lee
- Biomedical Science and Engineering Interdisciplinary Program, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, South Korea
| | - Myeong Youl Lee
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Ochang, Cheongwon, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 28116, South Korea
| | - Youngsuk Seo
- Graduate School of Analytical Science and Technology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, South Korea
| | - Hyo Jeong Hong
- Department of Systems Immunology, College of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 200-701, South Korea
| | - Hyun Joo An
- Graduate School of Analytical Science and Technology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, South Korea
| | - Jong Soon Kang
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Ochang, Cheongwon, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 28116, South Korea.
| | - Ho Min Kim
- Biomedical Science and Engineering Interdisciplinary Program, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, South Korea; Graduate School of Medical Science & Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon, 34141, South Korea.
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12
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Wi J, Jeong MS, Hong HJ. Construction and Characterization of an Anti-Hepatitis B Virus preS1 Humanized Antibody that Binds to the Essential Receptor Binding Site. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 27:1336-1344. [PMID: 28478661 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.1703.03066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a major cause of liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. With recent identification of HBV receptor, inhibition of virus entry has become a promising concept in the development of new antiviral drugs. To date, 10 HBV genotypes (A-J) have been defined. We previously generated two murine anti-preS1 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), KR359 and KR127, that recognize amino acids (aa) 19-26 and 37-45, respectively, in the receptor binding site (aa 13-58, genotype C). Each mAb exhibited virus neutralizing activity in vitro, and a humanized version of KR127 effectively neutralized HBV infection in chimpanzees. In the present study, we constructed a humanized version (HzKR359-1) of KR359 whose antigen binding activity is 4.4-fold higher than that of KR359, as assessed by competitive ELISA, and produced recombinant preS1 antigens (aa 1-60) of different genotypes to investigate the binding capacities of HzKR359-1 and a humanized version (HzKR127-3.2) of KR127 to the 10 HBV genotypes. The results indicate that HzKR359-1 can bind to five genotypes (A, B, C, H, and J), and HzKR127-3.2 can also bind to five genotypes (A, C, D, G, and I). The combination of these two antibodies can bind to eight genotypes (A-D, G-J), and to genotype C additively. Considering that genotypes A-D are common, whereas genotypes E and F are occasionally represented in small patient population, the combination of these two antibodies might block the entry of most virus genotypes and thus broadly neutralize HBV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jimin Wi
- Department of Systems Immunology, College of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Mun Sik Jeong
- Department of Systems Immunology, College of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo Jeong Hong
- Department of Systems Immunology, College of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea.,Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
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13
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Kim S, Park I, Park SG, Cho S, Kim JH, Ipper NS, Choi SS, Lee ES, Hong HJ. Generation, Diversity Determination, and Application to Antibody Selection of a Human Naïve Fab Library. Mol Cells 2017; 40:655-666. [PMID: 28927259 PMCID: PMC5638773 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2017.0106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Revised: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 08/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
We constructed a large naïve human Fab library (3 × 1010 colonies) from the lymphocytes of 809 human donors, assessed available diversities of the heavy-chain variable (VH) and κ light-chain variable (VK) domain repertoires, and validated the library by selecting Fabs against 10 therapeutically relevant antigens by phage display. We obtained a database of unique 7,373 VH and 41,804 VK sequences by 454 pyrosequencing, and analyzed the repertoires. The distribution of VH and VK subfamilies and germline genes in our antibody repertoires slightly differed from those in earlier published natural antibody libraries. The frequency of somatic hypermutations (SHMs) in heavy-chain complementarity determining region (HCDR)1 and HCDR2 are higher compared with the natural IgM repertoire. Analysis of position-specific SHMs in CDRs indicates that asparagine, threonine, arginine, aspartate and phenylalanine are the most frequent non-germline residues on the antibody-antigen interface and are converted mostly from the germline residues, which are highly represented in germline SHM hotspots. The amino acid composition and length-dependent changes in amino acid frequencies of HCDR3 are similar to those in previous reports, except that frequencies of aspartate and phenylalanine are a little higher in our repertoire. Taken together, the results show that this antibody library shares common features of natural antibody repertoires and also has unique features. The antibody library will be useful in the generation of human antibodies against diverse antigens, and the information about the diversity of natural antibody repertoires will be valuable in the future design of synthetic human antibody libraries with high functional diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangkyu Kim
- Department of Systems Immunology, College of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341,
Korea
| | - Insoo Park
- Therapeutic Antibody Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141,
Korea
| | - Seung Gu Park
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, College of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341,
Korea
| | - Seulki Cho
- Therapeutic Antibody Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141,
Korea
| | - Jin Hong Kim
- Therapeutic Antibody Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141,
Korea
| | - Nagesh S. Ipper
- Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341,
Korea
| | - Sun Shim Choi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, College of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341,
Korea
| | - Eung Suk Lee
- Scripps Korea Antibody Institute, Chuncheon 24341,
Korea
| | - Hyo Jeong Hong
- Department of Systems Immunology, College of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341,
Korea
- Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341,
Korea
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14
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Kim H, Hwang H, Lee H, Hong HJ. L1 Cell Adhesion Molecule Promotes Migration and Invasion via JNK Activation in Extrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma Cells with Activating KRAS Mutation. Mol Cells 2017; 40:363-370. [PMID: 28535665 PMCID: PMC5463045 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2017.2282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2016] [Revised: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/28/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ECC), a malignant tumor of biliary origin, has a poor prognosis with limited treatment options. The KRAS oncogene is the most commonly mutated gene in ECC and one of the factors that predicts a poor prognosis and low survival rate. L1 cell adhesion molecule (L1CAM) is expressed in ECC cells and acts as an independent poor prognostic factor in predicting patient survival. In this study we investigate the functional significance of L1CAM in ECC cells with activating KRAS mutation. We selected an ECC cell line, EGI-1, with activating KRAS mutation, and then confirmed its expression of L1CAM by RT-PCR, western blot analysis, and flow cytometry. The suppression of L1CAM expression (using a specific lentivirus-delivered shRNA) significantly decreased the migratory and invasive properties of EGI-1 cells, without altering their proliferation or survival. Analyses of signaling effectors in L1CAM-depleted and control EGI-1 cells indicated that L1CAM suppression decreased the levels of both phosphorylated MKK4 and total MKK4, together with c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) phosphorylation. Further, exposure to a JNK inhibitor (SP600125) decreased migration and invasion of EGI-1 cells. These results suggest that L1CAM promotes cellular migration and invasion via the induction of MKK4 expression, leading to JNK activation. Our study is the first to demonstrate a functional role for L1CAM in ECC carrying the activating KRAS mutation. Given that KRAS is the most commonly mutated oncogene in ECC, L1CAM may serve as an attractive therapeutic target for ECC cells with activating KRAS mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haejung Kim
- Department of Biology, College of National Science, College of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341,
Korea
- Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, College of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341,
Korea
| | - Haein Hwang
- Department of Systems Immunology, College of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341,
Korea
| | - Hansoo Lee
- Department of Biology, College of National Science, College of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341,
Korea
| | - Hyo Jeong Hong
- Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, College of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341,
Korea
- Department of Systems Immunology, College of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341,
Korea
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15
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Cho S, Park I, Kim H, Jeong MS, Lim M, Lee ES, Kim JH, Kim S, Hong HJ. Generation, characterization and preclinical studies of a human anti-L1CAM monoclonal antibody that cross-reacts with rodent L1CAM. MAbs 2016; 8:414-25. [PMID: 26785809 PMCID: PMC5037990 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2015.1125067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
L1 cell adhesion molecule (L1CAM) is aberrantly expressed in malignant tumors and plays important roles in tumor progression. Thus, L1CAM could serve as a therapeutic target and anti-L1CAM antibodies may have potential as anticancer agents. However, L1CAM is expressed in neural cells and the druggability of anti-L1AM antibody must be validated at the earliest stages of preclinical study. Here, we generated a human monoclonal antibody that is cross-reactive with mouse L1CAM and evaluated its pharmacokinetic properties and anti-tumor efficacy in rodent models. First, we selected an antibody (Ab4) that binds human and mouse L1CAM from the human naïve Fab library using phage display, then increased its affinity 45-fold through mutation of 3 residues in the complementarity-determining regions (CDRs) to generate Ab4M. Next, the affinity of Ab4M was increased 1.8-fold by yeast display of single-chain variable fragment containing randomly mutated light chain CDR3 to generate Ab417. The affinities (KD) of Ab417 for human and mouse L1CAM were 0.24 nM and 79.16 pM, respectively. Ab417 specifically bound the Ig5 domain of L1CAM and did not exhibit off-target activity, but bound to the peripheral nerves embedded in normal human tissues as expected in immunohistochemical analysis. In a pharmacokinetics study, the mean half-life of Ab417 was 114.49 h when a single dose (10 mg/kg) was intravenously injected into SD rats. Ab417 significantly inhibited tumor growth in a human cholangiocarcinoma xenograft nude mouse model and did not induce any adverse effect in in vivo studies. Thus, Ab417 may have potential as an anticancer agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seulki Cho
- a Department of Functional Genomics , University of Science & Technology , Daejeon , Korea.,b Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Kangwon National University , Chuncheon , Korea
| | - Insoo Park
- c Immunotherapy Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience & Biotechnology , Daejeon , Korea
| | - Haejung Kim
- b Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Kangwon National University , Chuncheon , Korea
| | - Mun Sik Jeong
- d Department of Systems Immunology , Kangwon National University , Chuncheon , Korea
| | - Mooney Lim
- d Department of Systems Immunology , Kangwon National University , Chuncheon , Korea
| | - Eung Suk Lee
- b Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Kangwon National University , Chuncheon , Korea
| | - Jin Hong Kim
- b Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Kangwon National University , Chuncheon , Korea
| | - Semi Kim
- c Immunotherapy Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience & Biotechnology , Daejeon , Korea
| | - Hyo Jeong Hong
- b Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Kangwon National University , Chuncheon , Korea.,d Department of Systems Immunology , Kangwon National University , Chuncheon , Korea
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16
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Lee SH, Jeung IC, Park TW, Lee K, Lee DG, Cho YL, Lee TS, Na HJ, Park YJ, Lee HG, Jeong MS, Bae KH, Lee SC, Lee HJ, Kwon YG, Hong HJ, Kim JS, Min JK. Extension of the in vivo half-life of endostatin and its improved anti-tumor activities upon fusion to a humanized antibody against tumor-associated glycoprotein 72 in a mouse model of human colorectal carcinoma. Oncotarget 2016; 6:7182-94. [PMID: 25762629 PMCID: PMC4466677 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2014] [Accepted: 01/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Endostatin is an endogenous angiogenesis inhibitor that exhibits potential anti-tumor efficacy in various preclinical animal models. However, its relatively short in vivo half-life and the long-term, frequent administration of high doses limit its widespread clinical use. In this study, we evaluated whether a fusion protein of murine endostatin (mEndo) to a humanized antibody against tumor-associated glycoprotein 72 (TAG-72), which is highly expressed in several human tumor tissues including colon cancer, can extend the serum half-life and improve the anti-tumor efficacy of endostatin by targeted delivery to the tumor mass. The fusion protein (3E8-mEndo) and mEndo showed improved anti-angiogenic activity in vitro and in vivo, predominantly by interfering with pro-angiogenic signaling triggered by vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Moreover, in mice treated with 3E8-mEndo, we observed a markedly prolonged serum half-life and significantly inhibited tumor growth. The improved anti-tumor activity of 3E8-mEndo can be partially explained by increased local concentration in the tumor mass due to targeted delivery of 3E8-mEndo to implanted colon tumors. Collectively, our data clearly indicate that tumor-targeting antibody fusions to endostatin are a powerful strategy that improves the poor pharmacokinetic profile and anti-tumor efficacy of endostatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Hyun Lee
- Functional Genomics Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - In Cheul Jeung
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Woo Park
- Department of Biomolecular Science, University of Science & Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyungmin Lee
- Functional Genomics Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biomolecular Science, University of Science & Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Gwang Lee
- Functional Genomics Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biomolecular Science, University of Science & Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Lai Cho
- Department of Chemistry, Dongguk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Sup Lee
- Molecular Imaging Research Center, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Jun Na
- Scripps Korea Antibody Institute, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Jun Park
- Functional Genomics Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Gu Lee
- Functional Genomics Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Mun Sik Jeong
- Department of Systems Immunology, College of Biomedical Science and Institute of Antibody Research, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-Hee Bae
- Functional Genomics Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Chul Lee
- Functional Genomics Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo Jin Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cancer Research Institute, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Guen Kwon
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo Jeong Hong
- Department of Systems Immunology, College of Biomedical Science and Institute of Antibody Research, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jang-Seong Kim
- Functional Genomics Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Ki Min
- Functional Genomics Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biomolecular Science, University of Science & Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
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17
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Jeong K, Choo YS, Hong HJ, Yoon YS, Song MH. Tetrafluoroethane (R134a) hydrate formation within variable volume reactor accompanied by evaporation and condensation. Rev Sci Instrum 2015; 86:035102. [PMID: 25832270 DOI: 10.1063/1.4913650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Vast size hydrate formation reactors with fast conversion rate are required for the economic implementation of seawater desalination utilizing gas hydrate technology. The commercial target production rate is order of thousand tons of potable water per day per train. Various heat and mass transfer enhancement schemes including agitation, spraying, and bubbling have been examined to maximize the production capacities in scaled up design of hydrate formation reactors. The present experimental study focused on acquiring basic knowledge needed to design variable volume reactors to produce tetrafluoroethane hydrate slurry. Test vessel was composed of main cavity with fixed volume of 140 ml and auxiliary cavity with variable volume of 0 ∼ 64 ml. Temperatures at multiple locations within vessel and pressure were monitored while visual access was made through front window. Alternating evaporation and condensation induced by cyclic volume change provided agitation due to density differences among water and vapor, liquid and hydrate R134a as well as extended interface area, which improved hydrate formation kinetics coupled with latent heat release and absorption. Influences of coolant temperature, piston stroke/speed, and volume change period on hydrate formation kinetics were investigated. Suggestions of reactor design improvement for future experimental study are also made.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Jeong
- Department of Mechanical, Robotics, and Energy Engineering, Dongguk University, Seoul 100-715, South Korea
| | - Y S Choo
- Department of Mechanical, Robotics, and Energy Engineering, Dongguk University, Seoul 100-715, South Korea
| | - H J Hong
- Department of Mechanical, Robotics, and Energy Engineering, Dongguk University, Seoul 100-715, South Korea
| | - Y S Yoon
- Department of Mechanical, Robotics, and Energy Engineering, Dongguk University, Seoul 100-715, South Korea
| | - M H Song
- Department of Mechanical, Robotics, and Energy Engineering, Dongguk University, Seoul 100-715, South Korea
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18
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Hwang B, Lee SH, Kim JS, Moon JH, Jeung IC, Lee NG, Park J, Hong HJ, Cho YL, Jung H, Park YJ, Lee SJ, Lee HG, Kim WK, Han BS, Bae KH, Chung SJ, Kwon YG, Lee SC, Kim SJ, Min JK. Stimulation of angiogenesis and survival of endothelial cells by human monoclonal Tie2 receptor antibody. Biomaterials 2015; 51:119-128. [PMID: 25771003 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2015.01.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2014] [Accepted: 01/24/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Angiopoietin-1 (Ang1) and its endothelium-specific receptor, tyrosine kinase with Ig and epidermal growth factor homology domain 2 (Tie2), play critical roles in vascular development. Although the Ang1/Tie2 system has been considered a promising target for therapeutic neovascularization, several imitations of large-scale production have hampered the development of recombinant Ang1 for therapeutics. In this study, we produced a fully human agonistic antibody against Tie2, designated 1-4h, and tested the applicability of 1-4h as an alternative to native Ang1 in therapeutic angiogenesis. 1-4h significantly enhanced the phosphorylation of Tie2 in a dose- and time-dependent manner in human Tie2-expressing HEK293 cells and human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Moreover, 1-4h induced the activation of Tie2-mediated intracellular signaling such as AKT, eNOS, MAPK, and Focal Adhesion Kinase p125(FAK). In addition, 1-4h increased the chemotactic motility and capillary-like tube formation of endothelial cells in vitro and enhanced the survival of serum-deprived endothelial cells. Taken together, our data clearly suggest that a human Tie2 agonistic antibody is a potentially useful therapeutic approach for the treatment of several ischemic diseases including delayed-wound healing and ischemic heart and limb diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byungtae Hwang
- Functional Genomics Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomolecular Science, University of Science & Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Hyun Lee
- Functional Genomics Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jang-Seong Kim
- Functional Genomics Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hyun Moon
- Functional Genomics Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomolecular Science, University of Science & Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - In Cheul Jeung
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Na Geum Lee
- Functional Genomics Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomolecular Science, University of Science & Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jongjin Park
- Functional Genomics Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomolecular Science, University of Science & Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo Jeong Hong
- Department of Systems Immunology, College of Biomedical Science, and Institute of Antibody Research, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Lai Cho
- Center for Nanosafety Metrology, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Haiyoung Jung
- Immunotherapy Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Jun Park
- Immunotherapy Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Seon-Jin Lee
- Medical Genomics Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Gu Lee
- Medical Genomics Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Kon Kim
- Functional Genomics Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Baek Soo Han
- Functional Genomics Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-Hee Bae
- Functional Genomics Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang J Chung
- Department of Chemistry, Dongguk University, Seoul 100-715, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Guen Kwon
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Chul Lee
- Functional Genomics Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sang Jick Kim
- Functional Genomics Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jeong-Ki Min
- Functional Genomics Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomolecular Science, University of Science & Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
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Hong HJ, Lee JI. A Versatile Synthesis of O-Desmethylangolensin Analogues from Methoxy-Substituted Benzoic Acids. Journal of the Korean Chemical Society 2014. [DOI: 10.5012/jkcs.2014.58.6.569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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20
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Kim JH, Gripon P, Bouezzedine F, Jeong MS, Chi SW, Ryu SE, Hong HJ. Enhanced humanization and affinity maturation of neutralizing anti-hepatitis B virus preS1 antibody based on antigen-antibody complex structure. FEBS Lett 2014; 589:193-200. [PMID: 25481411 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2014.11.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2014] [Revised: 11/20/2014] [Accepted: 11/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
To improve a previously constructed broadly neutralizing hepatitis B virus (HBV)-specific preS1 humanized antibody (HzKR127), we further humanized it through specificity-determining residue (SDR) grafting. Moreover, we improved affinity by mutating two residues in heavy-chain complementarity-determining regions (CDR), on the basis of the crystal structure of the antigen-antibody complex. HzKR127-3.2 exhibited 2.5-fold higher affinity and enhanced virus-neutralizing activity compared to the original KR127 antibody and showed less immunogenic potential than HzKR127. Enhanced virus-neutralizing activity was achieved by the increased association rate, providing insights into engineering potent antibody therapeutics for HBV immunoprophylaxis. HzKR127-3.2 may be a good candidate for HBV immunoprophylaxis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Hong Kim
- Institute of Antibody Research, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 200-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Philippe Gripon
- Institut de Recherche Santé Environnement et Travail (IRSET) - U.1085, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm), Rennes, Bretagne, France; Université de Rennes 1, Rennes, Bretagne, France; Structure Fédérative Biosit UMS 3480 CNRS-US18 Inserm, Rennes, Bretagne, France
| | - Fidaa Bouezzedine
- Institut de Recherche Santé Environnement et Travail (IRSET) - U.1085, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm), Rennes, Bretagne, France; Université de Rennes 1, Rennes, Bretagne, France; Structure Fédérative Biosit UMS 3480 CNRS-US18 Inserm, Rennes, Bretagne, France
| | - Mun Sik Jeong
- Institute of Antibody Research, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 200-701, Republic of Korea; Department of Systems Immunology, College of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 200-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Wook Chi
- Medical Proteomics Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 305-806, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Eon Ryu
- Department of Bio-engineering and Institute for Bioengineering and Biopharmaceutical Research, Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo Jeong Hong
- Institute of Antibody Research, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 200-701, Republic of Korea; Department of Systems Immunology, College of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 200-701, Republic of Korea.
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Abstract
Diverse functional RNAs participate in a wide range of cellular processes. The RNA structure is critical for function, either on its own or as a complex form with proteins and other ligands. Therefore, analysis of the RNA conformation in cells is essential for understanding their functional mechanisms. However, no appropriate methods have been established as yet. Here, we developed an efficient strategy for panning and affinity maturation of anti-RNA human monoclonal antibodies from a naïve antigen binding fragment (Fab) combinatorial phage library. Brain cytoplasmic 200 (BC200) RNA, which is also highly expressed in some tumors, was used as an RNA antigen. We identified MabBC200-A3 as the optimal binding antibody. Mutagenesis and SELEX experiments showed that the antibody recognized a domain of BC200 in a structure- and sequence-dependent manner. Various breast cancer cell lines were further examined for BC200 RNA expression using conventional hybridization and immunoanalysis with MabBC200-A3 to see whether the antibody specifically recognizes BC200 RNA among the total purified RNAs. The amounts of antibody-recognizable BC200 RNA were consistent with hybridization signals among the cell lines. Furthermore, the antibody was able to discriminate BC200 RNA from other RNAs, supporting the utility of this antibody as a specific RNA structure-recognizing probe. Intriguingly, however, when permeabilized cells were subjected to immunoanalysis instead of purified total RNA, the amount of antibody-recognizable RNA was not correlated with the cellular level of BC200 RNA, indicating that BC200 RNA exists as two distinct forms (antibody-recognizable and nonrecognizable) in breast cancer cells and that their distribution depends on the cell type. Our results clearly demonstrate that anti-RNA antibodies provide an effective novel tool for detecting and analyzing RNA conformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Euihan Jung
- Department of Chemistry, KAIST, Daejeon 305-701, Korea
| | - Jungmin Lee
- Department of Chemistry, KAIST, Daejeon 305-701, Korea
| | - Hyo Jeong Hong
- Department of Systems Immunology, College of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 200-701, Korea
| | - Insoo Park
- Molecular Imaging and Therapy Branch, National Cancer Center, Goyang-si 410-769, Korea
| | - Younghoon Lee
- Department of Chemistry, KAIST, Daejeon 305-701, Korea
- Corresponding authorE-mail
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22
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Park CW, Kim KS, Bae S, Son HK, Myung PK, Hong HJ, Kim H. Cytokine secretion profiling of human mesenchymal stem cells by antibody array. Int J Stem Cells 2014; 2:59-68. [PMID: 24855521 DOI: 10.15283/ijsc.2009.2.1.59] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/30/2009] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) provide not only cell sources for connective tissues but also the control of hematopoiesis and immune response. A multitude of cytokines and growth factors secreted from MSCs are known to confer such multifunctional functionality, but their overall spectrum and the respective expression strength have not been thoroughly illustrated. In this study, we have obtained the comprehensive cytokine secretion profile of human bone marrow (BM)-derived MSCs, with the use of an antibody array recognizing 120 cytokines and chemokines. The array membrane incubated with the secretion media of the cells featured a predominant hybridization signal for IL-6 and moderately elevated signals for IL-8, TIMP-2, MCP-1, VEGF and OPG. This cytokine secretion profile was found to be common to all cell lines from three different donors, and also similar but not identical to that of umbilical cord blood-derived cells, suggesting that the trophic nature of the MSCs might depend slightly on the cell origin but not on individuality of the donors. Our results here may provide the molecular basis for further studies on MSC-assisted biological processes, such as connective tissue homeostasis, hematopoiesis and immune modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Keun-Soo Kim
- Antibody Engineering Research Unit, KRIBB ; College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon
| | - Sohyun Bae
- Biotherapeutic Division, GenExel-Sein Inc
| | | | | | | | - Hoeon Kim
- Biotherapeutic Division, GenExel-Sein Inc
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23
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Singh R, Kim WJ, Kim PH, Hong HJ. Combined blockade of HER2 and VEGF exerts greater growth inhibition of HER2-overexpressing gastric cancer xenografts than individual blockade. Exp Mol Med 2013; 45:e52. [PMID: 24176949 PMCID: PMC3849567 DOI: 10.1038/emm.2013.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2013] [Revised: 08/07/2013] [Accepted: 08/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer overexpressing the human epidermal growth factor 2 (HER2) protein has a poor outcome, although a combination of chemotherapy and the anti-HER2 antibody trastuzumab has been approved for the treatment of advanced gastric cancer. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression in gastric cancer is correlated with recurrence and poor prognosis; however, the anti-VEGF antibody bevacizumab has shown limited efficacy against gastric cancer in clinical trials. In this study, we evaluated the antitumor effects of trastuzumab; VEGF-Trap binding to VEGF-A, VEGF-B and placental growth factor (PlGF); and a combination of trastuzumab and VEGF-Trap in a gastric cancer xenograft model. Although trastuzumab and VEGF-Trap each moderately inhibited tumor growth, the combination of these agents exerted greater inhibition compared with either agent alone. Immunohistochemical analyses indicated that the reduction in tumor growth was associated with decreased proliferation and increased apoptosis of tumor cells and decreased tumor vascular density. The combined treatment resulted in fewer proliferating tumor cells, more apoptotic cells and reduced tumor vascular density compared with treatment with trastuzumab or VEGF-Trap alone, indicating that trastuzumab and VEGF-Trap had additive inhibitory effects on the tumor growth and angiogenesis of the gastric cancer xenografts. These data suggest that trastuzumab in combination with VEGF-Trap may represent an effective approach to treating HER2-overexpressing gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohit Singh
- 1] Department of Molecular Bioscience, College of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Korea [2] Institute of Antibody Research, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Korea
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24
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Min SI, Ha J, Kang HG, Ahn S, Park T, Park DD, Kim SM, Hong HJ, Min SK, Ha IS, Kim SJ. Conversion of twice-daily tacrolimus to once-daily tacrolimus formulation in stable pediatric kidney transplant recipients: pharmacokinetics and efficacy. Am J Transplant 2013; 13:2191-7. [PMID: 23734831 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.12274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2013] [Revised: 03/29/2013] [Accepted: 03/31/2013] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The pharmacokinetics, efficacy and safety of once-daily tacrolimus formulation (Tac-OD) were assessed in 34 stable pediatric kidney transplant recipients. Enrolled patients received their dose of twice-daily tacrolimus formulation (Tac-BID) on study Days 0 through 7. On the morning of study Day 8, the total daily doses for patients were converted to Tac-OD on a 1:1 basis and maintained on a once-daily morning dosing regimen. Tacrolimus pharmacokinetic profiles were obtained on study Days 7, 14 and 28 (after dose adjustment). Although the mean C0 concentrations (4.10 ± 1.16-3.53 ± 1.10 ng/mL, p = 0.004), and AUC0-24 (151.8 ± 41.6-129.8 ± 39.3 ng h/mL, p < 0.001) were decreased significantly after a 1:1 based conversion, there was high interindividual variability. The dose of Tac-OD was decreased in 26.5% and increased in 44.1% of patients. The resultant tacrolimus dose and pharmacokinetic profiles on study Day 28 were comparable to those on Day 7. There were no serious adverse events. In conclusion, Tac-BID can be safely converted to Tac-OD in stable pediatric kidney transplant patients with the heightened therapeutic drug monitoring. Effects of drug conversion on the cardiovascular risk factors, neurological side effects and adherence should be further evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- S I Min
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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25
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Ki MK, Jeoung MH, Choi JR, Rho SS, Kwon YG, Shim H, Chung J, Hong HJ, Song BD, Lee S. Human antibodies targeting the C-type lectin-like domain of the tumor endothelial cell marker clec14a regulate angiogenic properties in vitro. Oncogene 2013; 32:5449-57. [PMID: 23644659 PMCID: PMC3898107 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2013.156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2012] [Revised: 03/14/2013] [Accepted: 03/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
It has been suggested that clec14a may be involved in tumor angiogenesis. However, a molecular mechanism has not been clearly identified. In this study, we show for the first time that C-type lectin-like domain (CTLD) of clec14a may be important for regulating cell migration and filopodia formation. Using phage display technology, recombinant human antibodies specific to the CTLDs of human and mouse clec14a (clec14a-CTLD (immunoglobulin G) IgG) were selected. Functional assays using the antibodies showed that clec14a-CTLD IgGs specifically blocked endothelial cell migration and tube formation without affecting cell viability or activation. Further, clec14a-CTLD IgGs inhibited clec14a-mediated cell–cell contact by blocking interaction between CTLDs. Finally, clec14a cross-linking by the clec14a-CTLD IgGs significantly downregulated clec14a expression on the surface of endothelial cells. These results strongly suggest that the clec14a-CTLD may be a key domain in angiogenesis, and that clec14a-CTLD IgGs specifically inhibit angiogenesis by modulating CTLD-mediated cell interactions and clec14a expression on the surface of endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- M K Ki
- Laboratory of Molecular Cancer Therapeutics, Scripps Korea Antibody Institute, Chuncheon, Korea
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26
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Lee ES, Jeong MS, Singh R, Jung J, Yoon H, Min JK, Kim KH, Hong HJ. A chimeric antibody to L1 cell adhesion molecule shows therapeutic effect in an intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma model. Exp Mol Med 2012; 44:293-302. [PMID: 22248567 PMCID: PMC3349911 DOI: 10.3858/emm.2012.44.4.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC), a malignant tumor derived from the intrahepatic bile duct epithelium, has a poor prognosis and is refractory to conventional chemotherapy and radiation therapy. Thus, there is an urgent need to develop new effective therapeutic strategies for this disease. We previously found that L1 cell adhesion molecule (L1CAM) plays an important role in tumor progression of ICC, and we generated a murine mAb, A10-A3 (IgG1), that binds to the Ig1 domain of L1CAM. In the present study, we further characterized A10-A3, constructed a chimeric A10-A3 antibody (cA10-A3) containing the constant regions of human IgG1, and evaluated the therapeutic potential in a human ICC xenograft nude mice model. The affinities (KD) of A10-A3 and cA10-A3 for soluble L1CAM were 1.8 nM and 1.9 nM, respectively, as determined by competition ELISA. A10-A3 inhibited L1CAM homophilic binding and was slowly internalized into the tumor cells, but it did not significantly inhibit proliferation of ICC cells in vitro. cA10-A3 mediated antibody- dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity in vitro and displayed anti-tumor activity in the ICC animal model. These results suggest that the humanized A10-A3 antibody may have potential as an anticancer agent for the treatment of ICC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eung Suk Lee
- Department of Systems Immunology and Institute of Antibody Research, College of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 200-701, Korea
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Son YS, Seong RH, Ryu CJ, Cho YS, Bae KH, Chung SJ, Lee B, Min JK, Hong HJ. Brief report: L1 cell adhesion molecule, a novel surface molecule of human embryonic stem cells, is essential for self-renewal and pluripotency. Stem Cells 2012; 29:2094-9. [PMID: 21957033 DOI: 10.1002/stem.754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Despite the recent identification of surface markers of undifferentiated human embryonic stem cells (hESCs), the crucial cell-surface molecules that regulate the self-renewal capacity of hESCs remain largely undefined. Here, we generated monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) that specifically bind to undifferentiated hESCs but not to mouse embryonic stem cells. Among these antibodies, we selected a novel MAb, 4-63, and identified its target antigen as the L1 cell adhesion molecule (L1CAM) isoform 2. Notably, L1CAM expressed in hESCs lacked the neuron-specific YEGHH and RSLE peptides encoded by exons 2 and 27, respectively. L1CAM colocalized with hESC-specific cell-surface markers, and its expression was markedly downregulated on differentiation. Stable L1CAM depletion markedly decreased hESC proliferation, whereas L1CAM overexpression increased proliferation. In addition, the expression of octamer-binding transcription factor 4, Nanog, sex-determining region Y-box 2, and stage-specific embryonic antigen (SSEA)-3 was markedly downregulated, whereas lineage-specific markers and SSEA-1 were upregulated in L1CAM-depleted hESCs. Interestingly, the actions of L1CAM in regulating the proliferation and differentiation of hESCs were exerted predominantly through the fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 signaling pathway. Taken together, our results suggest that L1CAM is a novel cell-surface molecule that plays an important role in the maintenance of self-renewal and pluripotency in hESCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeon Sung Son
- Therapeutic Antibody Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience & Biotechnology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
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28
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Yoon H, Min JK, Lee DG, Kim DG, Koh SS, Hong HJ. L1 cell adhesion molecule and epidermal growth factor receptor activation confer cisplatin resistance in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma cells. Cancer Lett 2011; 316:70-6. [PMID: 22088438 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2011.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2011] [Revised: 09/27/2011] [Accepted: 10/18/2011] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) is refractory to conventional chemotherapy. We previously generated chemoresistant ICC (SCK(R)) cells and showed that AKT and ERK signaling conferred cisplatin resistance. Here, we report that epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling and L1 cell adhesion molecule (L1CAM) conferred cisplatin resistance in SCK(R) cells in an additive fashion. Activation of EGFR connected to AKT and ERK signaling pathways may induce anti-apoptosis and promote cell proliferation, while L1CAM promoted cell proliferation by mainly activating ERK signaling. Inhibition of EGFR activation or L1ACM greatly sensitized the cells to cisplatin. EGFR and L1CAM may be important targets for ICC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunho Yoon
- Therapeutic Antibody Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
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29
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Hong HJ, Kim YD, Cha MJ, Kim J, Lee DH, Lee HS, Nam CM, Nam HS, Heo JH. Early neurological outcomes according to CHADS2 score in stroke patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation. Eur J Neurol 2011; 19:284-90. [PMID: 21914056 DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-1331.2011.03518.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE A higher CHADS(2) score or CHA(2)DS(2)-VASc score is associated with an increased risk of ischaemic stroke in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF). However, there are no data regarding early neurological outcomes after stroke according to the risk levels. METHODS In this study, a total of 649 stroke patients with NVAF were enrolled and categorized into three groups: low-risk (CHADS(2) score of 0-1), moderate-risk (CHADS(2) score 2-3), or high-risk group (CHADS(2) score ≥4). CHA(2)DS(2)-VASc score was divided into four groups including 0-1, 2-3, 4-5, and ≥6. We investigated whether there were differences in initial stroke severity, early neurological outcome, and infarct size according to CHADS(2) score or CHA(2)DS(2)-VASc score in stroke patients with NVAF. RESULTS The initial National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score was highest in high-risk group [9.5, interquartile range (IQR) 4-18], followed by moderate-risk (8, IQR 2-17) and low-risk group (6, IQR 2-15) (P=0.012). Likewise, initial stroke severity increased in a positive fashion with increasing the CHA(2)DS(2)-VASc score. During hospitalization, those in the high-risk group or higher CHA(2)DS(2)-VASc score had less improvement in their NIHSS score. Furthermore, early neurological deterioration (END) developed more frequently as CHADS(2) score or CHA(2)DS(2)-VASc score increased. Multivariate analysis showed being in the high-risk group was independently associated with END (OR 2.129, 95% CI 1.013-4.477). CONCLUSIONS Our data indicate that patients with NVAF and higher CHADS(2) score or CHA(2)DS(2)-VASc score are more likely to develop severe stroke and a worse clinical course is expected in these patients after stroke presentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- H J Hong
- Department ofNeurology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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30
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Min JK, Park H, Choi HJ, Kim Y, Pyun BJ, Agrawal V, Song BW, Jeon J, Maeng YS, Rho SS, Shim S, Chai JH, Koo BK, Hong HJ, Yun CO, Choi C, Kim YM, Hwang KC, Kwon YG. The WNT antagonist Dickkopf2 promotes angiogenesis in rodent and human endothelial cells. J Clin Invest 2011; 121:1882-93. [PMID: 21540552 DOI: 10.1172/jci42556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2010] [Accepted: 02/16/2011] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Neovessel formation is a complex process governed by the orchestrated action of multiple factors that regulate EC specification and dynamics within a growing vascular tree. These factors have been widely exploited to develop therapies for angiogenesis-related diseases such as diabetic retinopathy and tumor growth and metastasis. WNT signaling has been implicated in the regulation and development of the vascular system, but the detailed mechanism of this process remains unclear. Here, we report that Dickkopf1 (DKK1) and Dickkopf2 (DKK2), originally known as WNT antagonists, play opposite functional roles in regulating angiogenesis. DKK2 induced during EC morphogenesis promoted angiogenesis in cultured human endothelial cells and in in vivo assays using mice. Its structural homolog, DKK1, suppressed angiogenesis and was repressed upon induction of morphogenesis. Importantly, local injection of DKK2 protein significantly improved tissue repair, with enhanced neovascularization in animal models of both hind limb ischemia and myocardial infarction. We further showed that DKK2 stimulated filopodial dynamics and angiogenic sprouting of ECs via a signaling cascade involving LRP6-mediated APC/Asef2/Cdc42 activation. Thus, our findings demonstrate the distinct functions of DKK1 and DKK2 in controlling angiogenesis and suggest that DKK2 may be a viable therapeutic target in the treatment of ischemic vascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong-Ki Min
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Jung J, Son YS, Park H, Jeon SK, Lee JW, Choi SY, Kim JM, Kwon YG, Hong HJ, Min JK. The cell adhesion molecule L1 promotes gallbladder carcinoma progression in vitro and in vivo. Oncol Rep 2011; 25:945-52. [PMID: 21318226 DOI: 10.3892/or.2011.1181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2010] [Accepted: 11/09/2010] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have demonstrated that the cell adhesion molecule, L1, is expressed in several malignant tumor types and its expression correlates with tumor progression and metastasis. However, the role of L1 in gallbladder carcinoma (GBC) remains unclear. Here, we demonstrate that L1 is expressed in GBC cells and plays an important role in the growth, motility, invasiveness, and adhesiveness of GBC cells. Specific depletion or overexpression of L1 in the GBC cell lines JCRB1033 and SNU-308, respectively, was achieved by lentivirus-mediated transduction and expression of an L1 mRNA-specific short hairpin RNA or full-length human L1. Stable depletion of L1 led to a significant decrease in GBC cell proliferation, migration and invasion, as well as decreased intracellular signaling through AKT and FAK. Overexpression of L1 in GBC cells enhanced these cellular activities. In a GBC xenograft nude mouse model, suppression of L1 markedly reduced tumor growth and increased the survival of tumor-bearing mice whereas L1 overexpression stimulated tumorigenicity. Taken together, these results suggest that L1 plays a crucial role in GBC progression and may be a novel therapeutic target in GBC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juyeon Jung
- Therapeutic Antibody Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 52 Eoeun-dong, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-333, Republic of Korea
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Yoon H, Min JK, Lee JW, Kim DG, Hong HJ. Acquisition of chemoresistance in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma cells by activation of AKT and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)1/2. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2010; 405:333-7. [PMID: 21130731 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2010.11.130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2010] [Accepted: 11/24/2010] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) is an aggressive malignant tumor and is refractory to conventional chemotherapy. The aim of this study is therefore to elucidate the mechanism of chemoresistance in ICC which is not fully understood. We generated cisplatin resistant ICC cells via long term exposure to cisplatin and found that these cells are also resistant to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and gemcitabine. The chemoresistant cells showed enhanced Bcl-2 expression and reduced Bax expression compared to parental ICC cells. In addition, the resistant cells showed enhanced activation of AKT and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2. Inhibition of AKT activation by phosphoinocitide 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitor LY294002 resulted in reduced Bcl-2 expression and enhanced Bax expression and thus induced apoptosis in the resistant cells, whereas inhibition of ERK1/2 activation by mitogen-activated protein kinase (MEK) inhibitor U0126 did not induce apoptosis without affecting the expression of Bcl-2 and Bax but decreased cell growth. Moreover, the inhibition of AKT or ERK1/2 sensitized the resistant cells to cisplatin and therefore resulted in greatly enhanced cisplatin-induced apoptosis and growth inhibition in the cells. The results indicate that AKT and ERK1/2 signaling mediate chemoresistance in the cells and could be important therapeutic targets for overcoming chemoresistance in ICC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunho Yoon
- Therapeutic Antibody Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 305-806, Republic of Korea
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33
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Min JK, Kim JM, Li S, Lee JW, Yoon H, Ryu CJ, Jeon SH, Lee JH, Kim JY, Yoon HK, Lee YK, Kim BH, Son YS, Choi HS, Lim NK, Kim DG, Hong HJ. L1 Cell Adhesion Molecule Is a Novel Therapeutic Target in Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma. Clin Cancer Res 2010; 16:3571-80. [DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-09-3075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Kim KS, Kim HJ, Han BW, Myung PK, Hong HJ. Construction of a humanized antibody to hepatitis B surface antigen by specificity-determining residues (SDR)-grafting and de-immunization. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2010; 396:231-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2010.04.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2010] [Accepted: 04/13/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Li S, Jo YS, Lee JH, Min JK, Lee ES, Park T, Kim JM, Hong HJ. L1 cell adhesion molecule is a novel independent poor prognostic factor of extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. Clin Cancer Res 2009; 15:7345-51. [PMID: 19920102 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-09-0959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Cholangiocarcinomas (CC) are associated with poor survival, but diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets have not yet been elucidated. We previously found aberrant expression of L1 cell adhesion molecule in intrahepatic CC and a role for L1 in the progression of intrahepatic CC. Here, we analyzed L1 expression in extrahepatic CC (ECC) and evaluated its prognostic significance. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We examined L1 expression in tumors from 75 ECC patients by immunohistochemistry. We analyzed the correlations between L1 expression and clinicopathologic factors as well as patient survival. RESULTS L1 was not expressed in normal extrahepatic bile duct epithelium but was aberrantly expressed in 42.7% of ECC tumors. High expression of L1 was detected at the invasive front of tumors and was significantly associated with perineural invasion (P < 0.01). Univariate analysis indicated that various prognostic factors such as histologic grade 3, advanced pathologic T stage and clinical stage, perineural invasion, nodal metastasis, and high expression of L1 were risk factors predicting patient survival. Multivariate analyses done by Cox's proportional hazards model showed that high expression of L1 (hazard ratio, 2.171; 95% confidence interval, 1.162-4.055; P = 0.015) and nodal metastasis (hazard ratio, 2.088; 95% confidence interval, 1.159-3.764; P = 0.014) were independent risk factors for patient death. CONCLUSIONS L1 was highly expressed in 42.7% of ECC and its expression was significantly associated with perineural invasion. High expression of L1 and nodal metastasis were independent poor prognostic factors predicting overall survival in patients with ECC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengjin Li
- Department of Pathology and Infection Signaling Network Research Center, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
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Kim KS, Kim MS, Moon JH, Jeong MS, Kim J, Lee GM, Myung PK, Hong HJ. Enhancement of recombinant antibody production in HEK 293E cells by WPRE. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s12257-008-0221-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
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Chi SW, Kim J, Yi GS, Hong HJ, Ryu SE. Broadly neutralizing anti-HBV antibody binds to non-epitope regions of preS1. FEBS Lett 2009; 583:3095-100. [DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2009.08.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2009] [Revised: 08/18/2009] [Accepted: 08/18/2009] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Kim SH, Kim SH, Oh HK, Ryu CJ, Park SY, Hong HJ. In vivo hepatitis B virus-neutralizing activity of an anti-HBsAg humanized antibody in chimpanzees. Exp Mol Med 2008; 40:145-9. [PMID: 18305407 DOI: 10.3858/emm.2008.40.1.145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Previously, we constructed a humanized antibody (HuS10) that binds to the common a antigenic determinant on the S protein of HBV. In this study, we evaluated its HBV-neutralizing activity in chimpanzees. A study chimpanzee was intravenously administered with a single dose of HuS10, followed by intravenous challenge with the adr subtype of HBV, while a control chimpanzee was only challenged with the virus. The result showed that the control chimpanzee was infected by the virus, and thus serum HBV surface antigen (HBsAg) became positive from the 14(th) to 20(th) week and actively acquired serum anti-HBc and anti-HBs antibodies appeared from the 19(th) and 23(rd) week, respectively. However, in the case of the study chimpanzee, serum HBsAg became positive from the 34(th) to 37(th) week, while actively acquired serum anti-HBc and anti-HBs antibodies appeared from the 37(th) and 40(th) week, respectively, indicating that HuS10 neutralized the virus in vivo and thus delayed the HBV infection. This novel humanized antibody will be useful in the immunoprophylaxis of HBV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Se Ho Kim
- Green Cross Corp., Yongin 446-799, Korea
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Kim SJ, Hong HJ. Guided selection of human antibody light chains against TAG-72 using a phage display chain shuffling approach. J Microbiol 2007; 45:572-577. [PMID: 18176543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
To enhance therapeutic potential of murine monoclonal antibody, humanization by CDR grafting is usually used to reduce immunogenic mouse residues. Most humanized antibodies still have mouse residues critical for antigen binding, but the mouse residues may evoke immune responses in humans. Previously, we constructed a new humanized version (AKA) of mouse CC49 antibody specific for tumor-associated glycoprotein, TAG-72. In this study, to select a completely human antibody light chain against TAG-72, guided selection strategy using phage display was used. The heavy chain variable region (VH) of AKA was used to guide the selection of a human TAG-72-specific light chain variable region (VL) from a human VL repertoire constructed from human PBL. Most of the selected VLs were identified to be originated from the members of the human germline VK1 family, whereas the VL of AKA is more homologous to the VK4 family. Competition binding assay of the selected Fabs with mouse CC49 suggested that the epitopes of the Fabs overlap with that of CC49. In addition, they showed better antigen-binding affinity compared to parental AKA. The selected human VLs may be used to guide the selection of human VHs to get completely human anti-TAG72 antibody.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Jick Kim
- Therapeutic Antibody Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejon, Republic of Korea
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40
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Son YS, Hong HJ. Generation and characterization of a monoclonal antibody with specificity for Mycoplasma arginini. J Microbiol 2007; 45:547-552. [PMID: 18176539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Previously, we generated monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) that bound to the surface of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) in an attempt to discover new hESC-specific surface markers. In this study, MAb 47-235 (IgG1, kappa) was selected for further characterization. The MAb bound to the surface of undifferentiated hESCs but did not bind to mouse ESCs or mouse embryonic fibroblast cells in flow cytometric analysis. The antibody immunoprecipitated a 47 kDa protein from the lysates of cell surface-biotinylated hESCs. Identification of the protein by quadrupole time of flight tandem mass spectrometry revealed that 47-235 binds to Ag 243-5 protein of Mycoplasma arginini. BM-Cyclin treatment of the hESCs that reacted with 47-235 resulted in loss of mycoplasma DNA and the reactivity to 47-235. Nevertheless, the hESCs that were reactive to 47-235 maintained self-renewal and pluripotency and thus could be differentiated into three embryonic germ layers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeon Sung Son
- Therapeutic Antibody Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejon, Republic of Korea
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41
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Yang GH, Yoon SO, Jang MH, Hong HJ. Affinity maturation of an anti-hepatitis B virus PreS1 humanized antibody by phage display. J Microbiol 2007; 45:528-533. [PMID: 18176536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
In a previous study we generated an anti-Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) preS1 humanized antibody (HzKR127) that showed in vivo HBV-neutralizing activity in chimpanzees. However, the antigen-binding affinity of the humanized antibody may not be sufficient for clinical use and thus affinity maturation is required for better therapeutic efficacy. In this study, phage display technique was employed to increase the affinity of HzKR127. All six amino acid residues (Glu95-Tyr96-Asp97-Glu98-Ala99-Tyr100) in the heavy (H) chain complementarydetermining region 3 (HCDR3) of HzKR127 were randomized and phage-displayed single chain Fv (scFv) library was constructed. After three rounds of panning, 12 different clones exhibiting higher antigen-binding activity than the wild type ScFv were selected and their antigen-binding specificity for the preS1 confirmed. Subsequently, five ScFv clones were converted to whole IgG and subjected to affinity determination. The results showed that two clones (B3 and A19) exhibited an approximately 6 fold higher affinities than that of HzKR127. The affinity-matured humanized antibodies may be useful in anti-HBV immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gi-Hyeok Yang
- Therapeutic Antibody Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejon, Republic of Korea
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42
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Park MY, Moon JH, Lee KS, Choi HI, Chung J, Hong HJ, Kim E. FAF1 suppresses IkappaB kinase (IKK) activation by disrupting the IKK complex assembly. J Biol Chem 2007; 282:27572-7. [PMID: 17684021 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.c700106200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
This study presents a molecular inhibitory mechanism by Fas-associated factor 1 (FAF1) on IkappaB kinase (IKK) activation, where divergent NF-kappaB-activating stimuli converge. FAF1 interacts with IKKbeta in response to proinflammatory stimuli (such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-1beta, and lipopolysaccharide) and suppresses IKK activation. Interaction of the leucine-zipper domain of IKKbeta with FAF1 affected the IKK heterocomplex (IKKalpha/beta) and homocomplex (IKKalpha/alpha, IKKbeta/beta) formations and attenuated IKKgamma recruitment to IKKbeta. Overexpression of FAF1 reduced the level of IKKbeta activity, whereas FAF1 depletion increased the activity. These results indicate that FAF1 inhibits IKK activation and its downstream signaling by interrupting the IKK complex assembly through physical interaction with IKKbeta. Taken together, FAF1 robustly suppresses NF-kappaB activation through the inhibition of IKK activation in combination with previously reported cytoplasmic retention of NF-kappaB p65 (Park, M. Y., Jang, H. D., Lee, S. Y., Lee, K. J., and Kim, E. (2004) J. Biol. Chem. 279, 2544-2549). Such redundant suppression would prevent inadvertent activation of the NF-kappaB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Young Park
- Research Center for Biomedicinal Resources, PaiChai University, Daejeon 302-735, Korea
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43
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Chi SW, Maeng CY, Kim SJ, Oh MS, Ryu CJ, Kim SJ, Han KH, Hong HJ, Ryu SE. Broadly neutralizing anti-hepatitis B virus antibody reveals a complementarity determining region H3 lid-opening mechanism. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2007; 104:9230-5. [PMID: 17517649 PMCID: PMC1890477 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0701279104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The humanized monoclonal antibody HzKR127 recognizes the preS1 domain of the human hepatitis B virus surface proteins with a broadly neutralizing activity in vivo. We present the crystal structures of HzKR127 Fab and its complex with a major epitope peptide. In the complex structure, the bound peptide forms a type IV beta-turn followed by 3(10) helical turn, the looped-out conformation of which provides a structural basis for broad neutralization. Upon peptide binding, the antibody undergoes a dramatic complementarity determining region H3 lid opening. To understand the structural implication of the virus neutralization, we carried out comprehensive alanine-scanning mutagenesis of all complementarity determining region residues in HzKR127 Fab. The functional mapping of the antigen-combining site demonstrates the specific roles of major binding determinants in antigen binding, contributing to the rational design for maximal humanization and affinity maturation of the antibody.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Wook Chi
- *Center for Cellular Switch Protein Structure
- Molecular Cancer Research Center
| | | | - Seung Jun Kim
- *Center for Cellular Switch Protein Structure
- Systemic Proteomics Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 305-333, Korea
| | | | | | | | | | - Hyo Jeong Hong
- Therapeutic Antibody Research Center, and
- To whom correspondence may be addressed. E-mail: or
| | - Seong Eon Ryu
- *Center for Cellular Switch Protein Structure
- Systemic Proteomics Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 305-333, Korea
- To whom correspondence may be addressed. E-mail: or
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44
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Jun SC, Kim MS, Hong HJ, Lee GM. Limitations to the development of humanized antibody producing Chinese hamster ovary cells using glutamine synthetase-mediated gene amplification. Biotechnol Prog 2006; 22:770-80. [PMID: 16739961 DOI: 10.1021/bp060004t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Recombinant Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells expressing a humanized antibody were obtained by transfection of an antibody expression vector (pKC-GS-HC-huS) into CHO-K1 cells and subsequent glutamine synthetase (GS)-mediated gene amplification in media containing different concentrations of methionine sulfoximine (MSX). Concentrations consisted of 25, 200, 500, and 1000 microM of MSX. The highest producer (HP) subclones were isolated from each MSX level by the limiting dilution method and were characterized with respect to antibody production. No positive relationship was observed between specific antibody productivity (q(Ab)) and MSX concentration. Furthermore, it was found that the antibody production stability of these subclones was very poor even in the presence of selection pressure. During long-term cultures in the presence of the corresponding concentrations of MSX, q(Ab) of all HP subclones significantly decreased for the first six passages and thereafter stabilized. Southern and slot blot analyses showed that the loss of antibody gene copies was only partially responsible for the decreased q(Ab). Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis revealed some cytogenetic features indicative of antibody production instability. Unstable chromosomal structures including dicentrics, rings, and extremely long chromosomes were observed. Amplified sequences enclosed in nuclear projections were often observed. The telomeric repeat sequence, which may be involved in the stabilization of amplified arrays, was found to be absent at the ends of most marker chromosomes. Furthermore, FISH analysis revealed that the overall chromosome content was duplicated in some HP subclones. When metaphase of 12 high producing parental clones was examined, the frequency of occurrence of the polyploidy was 25%. Taken together, the data obtained here suggests that instability could be a concern in the development of CHO cells with GS-mediated gene amplification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Chul Jun
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 373-1 Kusong-Dong, Yusong-Gu, Daejon 305-701, Korea
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45
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Lim NK, Kim JH, Kim SY, Kang HJ, Kim KS, Lee S, Hong HJ, Inn KS. Monoclonal anti-thrombopoietin antibodies generated by genetic immunization. Hybridoma (Larchmt) 2006; 25:75-9. [PMID: 16704307 DOI: 10.1089/hyb.2006.25.75] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Thrombopoietin (TPO) is a megakaryocyte growth and differentiation factor that is currently being investigated as a therapeutic for cancer patients undergoing myelosuppressive chemotherapy. We generated monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) specific for human thrombopoietin (hTPO) by genetic immunization using an hTPO expression plasmid and an adjuvant plasmid that encodes mouse granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and interleukin-4 (IL-4). All genetically immunized mice exhibited a high humoral immune response. Splenocytes from these mice were used to generate hybridomas. Two MAbs, designated 2B9A10 and 4C16B15 (of IgG1 and IgG3 isotypes, respectively), were subsequently selected and produced. They specifically recognized and precipitated recombinant hTPO produced by mammalian cells and were effective in sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) for hTPO quantitation. Our results demonstrate that these MAbs should be useful for purification and quantitation of hTPO in clinical and laboratory settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nam-Kyu Lim
- Research and Development Center, Aprogen Inc., Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yuseong-gu, Daejon, South Korea
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46
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Cho CH, Sung HK, Kim KT, Cheon HG, Oh GT, Hong HJ, Yoo OJ, Koh GY. COMP-angiopoietin-1 promotes wound healing through enhanced angiogenesis, lymphangiogenesis, and blood flow in a diabetic mouse model. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2006; 103:4946-51. [PMID: 16543381 PMCID: PMC1458775 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0506352103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Microvascular dysfunction is a major cause of impaired wound healing seen in diabetic patients. Therefore, reestablishment of structural and functional microvasculature could be beneficial to promote wound healing in these patients. Angiopoietin-1 (Ang1) is a specific growth factor functioning to generate a stable and functional vasculature through the Tie2 and Tie1 receptors. Here we determined the effectiveness of cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP)-Ang1, a soluble, stable, and potent form of Ang1, on promotion of healing in cutaneous wounds of diabetic mice. An excisional full-thickness wound was made in the dorsal side of the tail of diabetic (db/db) mice, and mice were then treated systemically with adenovirus (Ade) encoding COMP-Ang1 or with control virus encoding beta-gal (Ade-beta-gal) or treated topically with recombinant COMP-Ang1 protein or BSA. Time course observations revealed that mice treated with Ade-COMP-Ang1 or COMP-Ang1 protein showed accelerated wound closure and epidermal and dermal regeneration, enhanced angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis, and higher blood flow in the wound region compared with mice treated with control virus or BSA. COMP-Ang1 promotion of wound closure and angiogenesis was not dependent on endothelial nitric oxide synthase or inducible nitric oxide synthase alone. Taken together, these findings indicate that COMP-Ang1 can promote wound healing in diabetes through enhanced angiogenesis, lymphangiogenesis, and blood flow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Hyun Cho
- *Biomedical Research Center and Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 305-701, Korea
| | - Hoon-Ki Sung
- *Biomedical Research Center and Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 305-701, Korea
| | - Kyung-Tae Kim
- *Biomedical Research Center and Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 305-701, Korea
| | - Hyae Gyeong Cheon
- Division of Medicinal Science, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon 305-600, Korea
| | - Goo Taeg Oh
- Division of Molecular Life Sciences, Ewha Woman’s University, Seoul 120-750, Korea; and
| | - Hyo Jeong Hong
- Antibody Engineering Research Unit, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 305-600, Korea
| | - Ook-Joon Yoo
- *Biomedical Research Center and Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 305-701, Korea
| | - Gou Young Koh
- *Biomedical Research Center and Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 305-701, Korea
- To whom correspondence should be addressed at:
Biomedical Research Center, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 373-1, Guseong-dong, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea. E-mail:
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47
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Haines BB, Ryu CJ, Chang S, Protopopov A, Luch A, Kang YH, Draganov DD, Fragoso MF, Paik SG, Hong HJ, DePinho RA, Chen J. Block of T cell development in P53-deficient mice accelerates development of lymphomas with characteristic RAG-dependent cytogenetic alterations. Cancer Cell 2006; 9:109-20. [PMID: 16473278 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2006.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2005] [Revised: 10/12/2005] [Accepted: 01/09/2006] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Mice deficient in the DNA damage sensor P53 display normal T cell development but eventually succumb to thymic lymphomas. Here, we show that inactivation of the TCR beta gene enhancer (E beta) results in a block of T cell development at stages where recombination-activating genes (RAG) are expressed. Introduction of the E beta mutation into p53-/- mice dramatically accelerates the onset of lethal thymic lymphomas that harbor RAG-dependent aberrant rearrangements, chromosome 14 and 12 translocations, and amplification of the chromosomal region 9A1-A5.3. Phenotypic and genetic analyses suggest that lymphomas emerge through a normal thymocyte development pathway. These findings provide genetic evidence that block of lymphocyte development at stages with RAG endonuclease activity can provoke lymphomagenesis on a background with deficient DNA damage responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian B Haines
- Center for Cancer Research and Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
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Yoon SO, Lee TS, Kim SJ, Jang MH, Kang YJ, Park JH, Kim KS, Lee HS, Ryu CJ, Gonzales NR, Kashmiri SVS, Lim SM, Choi CW, Hong HJ. Construction, affinity maturation, and biological characterization of an anti-tumor-associated glycoprotein-72 humanized antibody. J Biol Chem 2006; 281:6985-92. [PMID: 16407221 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m511165200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor-associated glycoprotein (TAG)-72 is expressed in the majority of human adenocarcinomas but is rarely expressed in most normal tissues, which makes it a potential target for the diagnosis and therapy of a variety of human cancers. Here we describe the construction, affinity maturation, and biological characterization of an anti-TAG-72 humanized antibody with minimum potential immunogenicity. The humanized antibody was constructed by grafting only the specificity-determining residues (SDRs) within the complementarity-determining regions (CDRs) onto homologous human immunoglobulin germ line segments while retaining two mouse heavy chain framework residues that support the conformation of the CDRs. The resulting humanized antibody (AKA) showed only about 2-fold lower affinity compared with the original murine monoclonal antibody CC49 and 27-fold lower reactivity to patient serum compared with the humanized antibody HuCC49 that was constructed by CDR grafting. The affinity of AKA was improved by random mutagenesis of the heavy chain CDR3 (HCDR3). The highest affinity variant (3E8) showed 22-fold higher affinity compared with AKA and retained the original epitope specificity. Mutational analysis of the HCDR3 residues revealed that the replacement of Asn(97) by isoleucine or valine was critical for the affinity maturation. The 3E8 labeled with (125)I or (131)I showed efficient tumor targeting or therapeutic effects, respectively, in athymic mice with human colon carcinoma xenografts, suggesting that 3E8 may be beneficial for the diagnosis and therapy of tumors expressing TAG-72.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun Ok Yoon
- Laboratory of Antibody Engineering, Aprogen Inc., Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 52 Eoeun-dong, Yuseong-gu, Daejon 305-333
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49
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Park TJ, Park JP, Lee SJ, Hong HJ, Lee SY. Polyhydroxyalkanoate chip for the specific immobilization of recombinant proteins and its applications in immunodiagnostics. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2006; 11:173. [PMID: 32218672 PMCID: PMC7090861 DOI: 10.1007/bf02931904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2006] [Accepted: 03/28/2006] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In this study, a novel strategy was developed for the highly selective immobilization of proteins, using the polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) depolymerase substrate binding domain (SBD) as an active binding domain. In order to determine the appropriacy of this method for immunodiagnostic assays, the single-chain antibody (ScFv) against the hepatitis B virus (HBV) preS2 surface protein and the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) envelope protein (SCVe) were fused to the SBD, then directly immobilized on PHA-coated slides via microspotting. The fluorescence-labeled HBV antigen and the antibody against SCVe were then utilized to examine specific interactions on the PHA-coated surfaces. Fluorescence signals were detected only at the spotted positions, thereby indicating a high degree of affinity and selectivity for their corresponding antigens/antibodies. Furthermore, we detected small amounts of ScFv-SBD (2.7 ng/mL) and SCVe-SBD fusion proteins (0.6 ng/mL). Therefore, this microarray platform technology, using PHA and SBD, appears generally appropriate for immunodiagnosis, with no special requirements with regard to synthetic or chemical modification of the biomolecules or the solid surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae Jung Park
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Bioprocess Engineering Research Center, Center for Ultramicrochemical Process Systems, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 305-701 Daejeon, Korea
| | - Jong Pil Park
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Bioprocess Engineering Research Center, Center for Ultramicrochemical Process Systems, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 305-701 Daejeon, Korea
| | - Seok Jae Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Bioprocess Engineering Research Center, Center for Ultramicrochemical Process Systems, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 305-701 Daejeon, Korea
| | - Hyo Jeong Hong
- The Antibody Engineering Laboratory, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 305-333 Daejeon, Korea
| | - Sang Yup Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Bioprocess Engineering Research Center, Center for Ultramicrochemical Process Systems, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 305-701 Daejeon, Korea
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Bioprocess Engineering Research Center, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 305-701 Daejeon
- Department of BioSystems, Bioinformatics Research Center, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 305-701 Daejeon, Korea
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50
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Lim NK, Kim JH, Oh MS, Lee S, Kim SY, Kim KS, Kang HJ, Hong HJ, Inn KS. An anthrax lethal factor-neutralizing monoclonal antibody protects rats before and after challenge with anthrax toxin. Infect Immun 2005; 73:6547-51. [PMID: 16177329 PMCID: PMC1230968 DOI: 10.1128/iai.73.10.6547-6551.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Lethal factor (LF) is a component of anthrax lethal toxin (LeTx). We generated anti-LF murine monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) that show LeTx-neutralizing activity in vitro and in vivo. Anti-LF MAbs were generated by immunization with recombinant LF, and the MAbs showing LeTx-neutralizing activity in vitro were selected. Two MAbs with the highest affinities, 5B13B1 (dissociation constant [K(d)], 2.62 nM) and 3C16C3 (K(d), 8.18 nM), were shown to recognize the same or closely overlapping epitopes on domain III of LF. The 50% inhibitory concentration of 5B13B1 (0.21 microg/ml) was approximately one-third that of 3C16C3 (0.63 microg/ml) in the in vitro LeTx-neutralization assay. The 5B13B1 antibody, which had the highest neutralizing activity, provided perfect protection against LeTx challenge in an in vivo LeTx neutralization assay using Fisher 344 rats. In addition, the antibody showed pre- and postexposure prophylactic effects in the animal experiments. This is the first report that an MAb binding to domain III of LF has neutralizing activity against LeTx. The 5B13B1 antibody may be useful in prophylaxis against anthrax poisoning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nam-Kyu Lim
- R&D Center, Aprogen, Inc., Bio Venture Center #311, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yuseong-gu, Daejon
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