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Chae CW, Choi G, Kim YJ, Cho M, Kwon YW, Kim HS. The maintenance mechanism of hematopoietic stem cell dormancy: role for a subset of macrophages. BMB Rep 2023; 56:482-487. [PMID: 37574807 PMCID: PMC10547972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Hematopoiesis is regulated by crosstalk between long-term repopulating hematopoietic stem cells (LT-HSCs) and supporting niche cells in the bone marrow (BM). Here, we describe the role of KAI1, which is mainly expressed on LT-HSCs and rarely on other hematopoietic stem-progenitor cells (HSPCs), in nichemediated LT-HSC maintenance. KAI1 activates TGF-β1/Smad3 signal in LT-HSCs, leading to the induction of CDK inhibitors and inhibition of the cell cycle. The KAI1-binding partner DARC is expressed on macrophages and stabilizes KAI1 on LT-HSCs, promoting their quiescence. Conversely, when DARC+ BM macrophages were absent, the level of surface KAI1 on LT-HSCs decreases, leading to cell-cycle entry, proliferation, and differentiation. Thus, KAI1 acts as a functional surface marker of LTHSCs that regulates dormancy through interaction with DARCexpressing macrophages in the BM stem cell niche. Recently, we showed very special and rare macrophages expressing α-SMA+ COX2+ & DARC+ induce not only dormancy of LTHSC through interaction of KAI1-DARC but also protect HSCs by down-regulating ROS through COX2 signaling. In the near future, the strategy to combine KAI1-positive LT-HSCs and α-SMA/Cox2/DARC triple-positive macrophages will improve the efficacy of stem cell transplantation after the ablative chemo-therapy for hematological disorders including leukemia. [BMB Reports 2023; 56(9): 482-487].
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheong-Whan Chae
- Strategic Center of Cell and Bio Therapy for Heart, Diabetes & Cancer, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Gun Choi
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - You Ji Kim
- Department of Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Mingug Cho
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Yoo-Wook Kwon
- Strategic Center of Cell and Bio Therapy for Heart, Diabetes & Cancer, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Korea
- Department of Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Hyo-Soo Kim
- Strategic Center of Cell and Bio Therapy for Heart, Diabetes & Cancer, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Korea
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Korea
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Kwon YW. The Role of Long Non-Coding RNA (LncRNA) in Acute Myocardial Infarction: Novel Strategy for the Treatment of Acute Myocardial Infarction. Korean Circ J 2023; 53:168-169. [PMID: 36914605 PMCID: PMC10011219 DOI: 10.4070/kcj.2023.0006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yoo-Wook Kwon
- Strategic Center of Cell and Bio Therapy for Heart, Diabetes & Cancer, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.
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3
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Jung Y, Kim J, Jang H, Kim G, Kwon YW. Strategy of Patient-Specific Therapeutics in Cardiovascular Disease Through Single-Cell RNA Sequencing. Korean Circ J 2022; 53:1-16. [PMID: 36627736 PMCID: PMC9834554 DOI: 10.4070/kcj.2022.0295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, single cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) technology has enabled the discovery of novel or rare subtypes of cells and their characteristics. This technique has advanced unprecedented biomedical research by enabling the profiling and analysis of the transcriptomes of single cells at high resolution and throughput. Thus, scRNA-seq has contributed to recent advances in cardiovascular research by the generation of cell atlases of heart and blood vessels and the elucidation of mechanisms involved in cardiovascular development and diseases. This review summarizes the overall workflow of the scRNA-seq technique itself and key findings in the cardiovascular development and diseases based on the previous studies. In particular, we focused on how the single-cell sequencing technology can be utilized in clinical field and precision medicine to treat specific diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunseo Jung
- Strategic Center of Cell and Bio Therapy for Heart, Diabetes & Cancer, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Juyeong Kim
- Department of Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Howon Jang
- Department of Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Gwanhyeon Kim
- Department of Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yoo-Wook Kwon
- Strategic Center of Cell and Bio Therapy for Heart, Diabetes & Cancer, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
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Kwon YW, Chae CW, Lee H, Shin D, Yoo H, Lee CS, Lee Y, Seong KM, Kim HS. A subset of macrophages and monocytes in the mouse bone marrow express atypical chemokine receptor 1. Cell Stem Cell 2022; 29:1016-1017. [PMID: 35803223 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2022.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Duffy antigen receptor for chemokines (DARC)/CD234, also known as atypical chemokine receptor 1 (ACKR1), is a seven-transmembrane domain protein expressed on erythrocytes, vascular endothelium, and a subset of epithelial cells (Peiper et al., 1995). Previously, we reported that ACKR1 was expressed in bone marrow macrophages. ACKR1 interacts with CD82 on long-term repopulating hematopoietic stem cells (LT-HSCs) to maintain the dormancy of LT-HSCs during homeostasis (Hur et al., 2016). We also demonstrated that ACKR1 interacts with CD82 in HSCs from human umbilical cord blood (hUCB). These findings demonstrated that CD82 is a functional surface marker of LT-HSCs and this molecule maintains LT-HSC quiescence by interactions with ACKR1-expressing macrophages in mice and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoo-Wook Kwon
- Strategic Center of Cell and Bio Therapy for Heart, Diabetes & Cancer, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea; Department of Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea.
| | - Cheong-Whan Chae
- Strategic Center of Cell and Bio Therapy for Heart, Diabetes & Cancer, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwan Lee
- Strategic Center of Cell and Bio Therapy for Heart, Diabetes & Cancer, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongsub Shin
- Strategic Center of Cell and Bio Therapy for Heart, Diabetes & Cancer, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyerin Yoo
- Strategic Center of Cell and Bio Therapy for Heart, Diabetes & Cancer, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Choon-Soo Lee
- Strategic Center of Cell and Bio Therapy for Heart, Diabetes & Cancer, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Younghyun Lee
- Lab of Biological Dosimetry, National Radiation Emergency Medical Center, Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences, Seoul 01812, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Moon Seong
- Lab of Biological Dosimetry, National Radiation Emergency Medical Center, Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences, Seoul 01812, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo-Soo Kim
- Strategic Center of Cell and Bio Therapy for Heart, Diabetes & Cancer, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea; Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea.
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Lee JW, Hur J, Kwon YW, Chae CW, Choi JI, Hwang I, Yun JY, Kang JA, Choi YE, Kim YH, Lee SE, Lee C, Jo DH, Seok H, Cho BS, Baek SH, Kim HS. KAI1(CD82) is a key molecule to control angiogenesis and switch angiogenic milieu to quiescent state. J Hematol Oncol 2021; 14:148. [PMID: 34530889 PMCID: PMC8444549 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-021-01147-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Little is known about endogenous inhibitors of angiogenic growth factors. In this study, we identified a novel endogenous anti-angiogenic factor expressed in pericytes and clarified its underlying mechanism and clinical significance. METHODS Herein, we found Kai1 knockout mice showed significantly enhanced angiogenesis. Then, we investigated the anti-angiogenic roll of Kai1 in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS KAI1 was mainly expressed in pericytes rather than in endothelial cells. It localized at the membrane surface after palmitoylation by zDHHC4 enzyme and induced LIF through the Src/p53 pathway. LIF released from pericytes in turn suppressed angiogenic factors in endothelial cells as well as in pericytes themselves, leading to inhibition of angiogenesis. Interestingly, KAI1 had another mechanism to inhibit angiogenesis: It directly bound to VEGF and PDGF and inhibited activation of their receptors. In the two different in vivo cancer models, KAI1 supplementation significantly inhibited tumor angiogenesis and growth. A peptide derived from the large extracellular loop of KAI1 has been shown to have anti-angiogenic effects to block the progression of breast cancer and retinal neovascularization in vivo. CONCLUSIONS KAI1 from PC is a novel molecular regulator that counterbalances the effect of angiogenic factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Woo Lee
- National Research Laboratory for Stem Cell Niche, Center for Medical Innovation, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Center of Cell- and Bio-Therapy (CBT), Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Hur
- Department of Convergence Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoo-Wook Kwon
- National Research Laboratory for Stem Cell Niche, Center for Medical Innovation, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Center of Cell- and Bio-Therapy (CBT), Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheong-Whan Chae
- National Research Laboratory for Stem Cell Niche, Center for Medical Innovation, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Center of Cell- and Bio-Therapy (CBT), Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Il Choi
- National Research Laboratory for Stem Cell Niche, Center for Medical Innovation, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Center of Cell- and Bio-Therapy (CBT), Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Injoo Hwang
- National Research Laboratory for Stem Cell Niche, Center for Medical Innovation, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Center of Cell- and Bio-Therapy (CBT), Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Yeon Yun
- National Research Laboratory for Stem Cell Niche, Center for Medical Innovation, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Center of Cell- and Bio-Therapy (CBT), Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-A Kang
- National Research Laboratory for Stem Cell Niche, Center for Medical Innovation, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Center of Cell- and Bio-Therapy (CBT), Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Eun Choi
- National Research Laboratory for Stem Cell Niche, Center for Medical Innovation, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Center of Cell- and Bio-Therapy (CBT), Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Hyun Kim
- National Research Laboratory for Stem Cell Niche, Center for Medical Innovation, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Center of Cell- and Bio-Therapy (CBT), Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, and College of Medicine or College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Eun Lee
- National Research Laboratory for Stem Cell Niche, Center for Medical Innovation, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Center of Cell- and Bio-Therapy (CBT), Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheol Lee
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Hyun Jo
- Department of Anatomy, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Heeyoung Seok
- Genomics Core Facility, Department of Transdisciplinary Research and Collaboration, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Byong Seung Cho
- ExoCoBio Inc, Gasan digital 1-ro, Geumcheon-gu, Seoul, 08594, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Hee Baek
- Creative Research Initiative Center for Chromatin Dynamics, School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo-Soo Kim
- National Research Laboratory for Stem Cell Niche, Center for Medical Innovation, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
- Center of Cell- and Bio-Therapy (CBT), Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, and College of Medicine or College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 110-744, Korea.
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Kwon YW, Lee SH, Kim AR, Kim BJ, Park WS, Hur J, Jang H, Yang HM, Cho HJ, Kim HS. Plant callus-derived shikimic acid regenerates human skin through converting human dermal fibroblasts into multipotent skin-derived precursor cells. Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 12:346. [PMID: 34116724 PMCID: PMC8196440 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-021-02409-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The human skin-derived precursors (SKPs) are a good cell source for regeneration. However, the isolation of SKP from human skin is limited. To overcome this drawback, we hypothesized that the component of plant stem cells could convert human fibroblasts to SKPs. Methods Human dermal fibroblasts were treated with shikimic acid, a major component of Sequoiadendron giganteum callus extract. The characteristics of these reprogrammed cells were analyzed by qPCR, western blot, colony-forming assay, and immunofluorescence staining. Artificial human skin was used for CO2 laser-induced wound experiments. Human tissues were analyzed by immunohistochemistry. Results The reprogrammed cells expressed nestin (a neural precursor-specific protein), fibronectin, and vimentin and could differentiate into the ectodermal and mesodermal lineage. Nestin expression was induced by shikimic acid through the mannose receptor and subsequent MYD88 activation, leading to P38 phosphorylation and then CREB binding to the nestin gene promoter. Finally, we confirmed that shikimic acid facilitated the healing of cut injury and enhanced dermal reconstruction in a human artificial skin model. Moreover, in a clinical study with healthy volunteers, plant callus extracts increased the expression of stem cell markers in the basal layer of the epidermis and collagen deposit in the dermis. Conclusions These results indicate that shikimic acid is an effective agent for tissue regeneration. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13287-021-02409-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoo-Wook Kwon
- Strategic Center of Cell and Bio Therapy for Heart, Diabetes & Cancer, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Shin-Hyae Lee
- Clinical Research Team, SK Chemical, Life Science Biz., Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 13494, Republic of Korea
| | - Ah-Reum Kim
- Skin Research Division, AMOREPACIFIC Corp. R&D Unit, Yongin, -si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Beom Joon Kim
- Departments of Dermatology, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Seok Park
- Skin Research Division, AMOREPACIFIC Corp. R&D Unit, Yongin, -si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Hur
- Department of Convergence Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, 50612, Korea
| | - Hyunduk Jang
- Strategic Center of Cell and Bio Therapy for Heart, Diabetes & Cancer, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Han-Mo Yang
- Strategic Center of Cell and Bio Therapy for Heart, Diabetes & Cancer, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Jai Cho
- Strategic Center of Cell and Bio Therapy for Heart, Diabetes & Cancer, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo-Soo Kim
- Strategic Center of Cell and Bio Therapy for Heart, Diabetes & Cancer, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea. .,Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea. .,Cardiovascular Center & Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Nam JK, Kim AR, Choi SH, Kim JH, Choi KJ, Cho S, Lee JW, Cho HJ, Kwon YW, Cho J, Kim KS, Kim J, Lee HJ, Lee TS, Bae S, Hong HJ, Lee YJ. An antibody against L1 cell adhesion molecule inhibits cardiotoxicity by regulating persistent DNA damage. Nat Commun 2021; 12:3279. [PMID: 34078883 PMCID: PMC8172563 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-23478-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Targeting the molecular pathways underlying the cardiotoxicity associated with thoracic irradiation and doxorubicin (Dox) could reduce the morbidity and mortality associated with these anticancer treatments. Here, we find that vascular endothelial cells (ECs) with persistent DNA damage induced by irradiation and Dox treatment exhibit a fibrotic phenotype (endothelial-mesenchymal transition, EndMT) correlating with the colocalization of L1CAM and persistent DNA damage foci. We demonstrate that treatment with the anti-L1CAM antibody Ab417 decreases L1CAM overexpression and nuclear translocation and persistent DNA damage foci. We show that in whole-heart-irradiated mice, EC-specific p53 deletion increases vascular fibrosis and the colocalization of L1CAM and DNA damage foci, while Ab417 attenuates these effects. We also demonstrate that Ab417 prevents cardiac dysfunction-related decrease in fractional shortening and prolongs survival after whole-heart irradiation or Dox treatment. We show that cardiomyopathy patient-derived cardiovascular ECs with persistent DNA damage show upregulated L1CAM and EndMT, indicating clinical applicability of Ab417. We conclude that controlling vascular DNA damage by inhibiting nuclear L1CAM translocation might effectively prevent anticancer therapy-associated cardiotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Kyung Nam
- grid.415464.60000 0000 9489 1588Division of Radiation Biomedical Research, Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences, Seoul, Korea ,grid.222754.40000 0001 0840 2678Laboratory of Biochemistry, Division of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - A-Ram Kim
- grid.415464.60000 0000 9489 1588Division of Radiation Biomedical Research, Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seo-Hyun Choi
- grid.415464.60000 0000 9489 1588Division of Radiation Biomedical Research, Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences, Seoul, Korea ,grid.51462.340000 0001 2171 9952Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, NY, USA
| | - Ji-Hee Kim
- grid.415464.60000 0000 9489 1588Division of Radiation Biomedical Research, Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences, Seoul, Korea ,grid.222754.40000 0001 0840 2678Laboratory of Biochemistry, Division of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyu Jin Choi
- grid.415464.60000 0000 9489 1588Division of Radiation Biomedical Research, Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seulki Cho
- grid.412010.60000 0001 0707 9039Division of Biomedical Convergence, College of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Jae Won Lee
- grid.412484.f0000 0001 0302 820XBiomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyun-Jai Cho
- grid.412484.f0000 0001 0302 820XBiomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yoo-Wook Kwon
- grid.412484.f0000 0001 0302 820XCardiovascular Center & Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jaeho Cho
- grid.15444.300000 0004 0470 5454Department of Radiation Oncology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kwang Seok Kim
- grid.415464.60000 0000 9489 1588Division of Radiation Biomedical Research, Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences, Seoul, Korea
| | - Joon Kim
- grid.222754.40000 0001 0840 2678Laboratory of Biochemistry, Division of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hae-June Lee
- grid.415464.60000 0000 9489 1588Division of Radiation Biomedical Research, Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences, Seoul, Korea
| | - Tae Sup Lee
- grid.415464.60000 0000 9489 1588Division of RI Convergence Research, Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sangwoo Bae
- grid.415464.60000 0000 9489 1588Division of Radiation Biomedical Research, Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyo Jeong Hong
- grid.412010.60000 0001 0707 9039Division of Biomedical Convergence, College of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Korea ,grid.482586.5Scripps Korea Antibody Institute, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Yoon-Jin Lee
- grid.415464.60000 0000 9489 1588Division of Radiation Biomedical Research, Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences, Seoul, Korea
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Jang HD, Lee SE, Yang J, Lee HC, Shin D, Lee H, Lee J, Jin S, Kim S, Lee SJ, You J, Park HW, Nam KY, Lee SH, Park SW, Kim JS, Kim SY, Kwon YW, Kwak SH, Yang HM, Kim HS. Cyclase-associated protein 1 is a binding partner of proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type-9 and is required for the degradation of low-density lipoprotein receptors by proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type-9. Eur Heart J 2021; 41:239-252. [PMID: 31419281 PMCID: PMC6945527 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehz566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Aims Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type-9 (PCSK9), a molecular determinant of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor (LDLR) fate, has emerged as a promising therapeutic target for atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases. However, the precise mechanism by which PCSK9 regulates the internalization and lysosomal degradation of LDLR is unknown. Recently, we identified adenylyl cyclase-associated protein 1 (CAP1) as a receptor for human resistin whose globular C-terminus is structurally similar to the C-terminal cysteine-rich domain (CRD) of PCSK9. Herein, we investigated the role of CAP1 in PCSK9-mediated lysosomal degradation of LDLR and plasma LDL cholesterol (LDL-C) levels. Methods and results The direct binding between PCSK9 and CAP1 was confirmed by immunoprecipitation assay, far-western blot, biomolecular fluorescence complementation, and surface plasmon resonance assay. Fine mapping revealed that the CRD of PCSK9 binds with the Src homology 3 binding domain (SH3BD) of CAP1. Two loss-of-function polymorphisms found in human PCSK9 (S668R and G670E in CRD) were attributed to a defective interaction with CAP1. siRNA against CAP1 reduced the PCSK9-mediated degradation of LDLR in vitro. We generated CAP1 knock-out mice and found that the viable heterozygous CAP1 knock-out mice had higher protein levels of LDLR and lower LDL-C levels in the liver and plasma, respectively, than the control mice. Mechanistic analysis revealed that PCSK9-induced endocytosis and lysosomal degradation of LDLR were mediated by caveolin but not by clathrin, and they were dependent on binding between CAP1 and caveolin-1. Conclusion We identified CAP1 as a new binding partner of PCSK9 and a key mediator of caveolae-dependent endocytosis and lysosomal degradation of LDLR. ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Duk Jang
- National Leading Laboratory for Stem Cell Research, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 71, Daehak-Ro, Jongno-Gu, Seoul 03082, Korea.,Korea Research-Driven Hospital, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, 71, Daehak-ro, Jongro-gu, Seoul 03082, Korea.,Strategic Center of Cell & Bio Therapy, Seoul National University Hospital, 71, Daehak-ro, Jongro-gu, Seoul 03082, Korea
| | - Sang Eun Lee
- Department of Cardiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88, Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul 05505, Korea
| | - Jimin Yang
- National Leading Laboratory for Stem Cell Research, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 71, Daehak-Ro, Jongno-Gu, Seoul 03082, Korea.,Korea Research-Driven Hospital, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, 71, Daehak-ro, Jongro-gu, Seoul 03082, Korea.,Strategic Center of Cell & Bio Therapy, Seoul National University Hospital, 71, Daehak-ro, Jongro-gu, Seoul 03082, Korea.,Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, World Class University Program, Seoul National University, Seoul 03082, Korea
| | - Hyun-Chae Lee
- National Leading Laboratory for Stem Cell Research, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 71, Daehak-Ro, Jongno-Gu, Seoul 03082, Korea.,Korea Research-Driven Hospital, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, 71, Daehak-ro, Jongro-gu, Seoul 03082, Korea.,Strategic Center of Cell & Bio Therapy, Seoul National University Hospital, 71, Daehak-ro, Jongro-gu, Seoul 03082, Korea.,Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, World Class University Program, Seoul National University, Seoul 03082, Korea
| | - Dasom Shin
- National Leading Laboratory for Stem Cell Research, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 71, Daehak-Ro, Jongno-Gu, Seoul 03082, Korea.,Korea Research-Driven Hospital, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, 71, Daehak-ro, Jongro-gu, Seoul 03082, Korea.,Strategic Center of Cell & Bio Therapy, Seoul National University Hospital, 71, Daehak-ro, Jongro-gu, Seoul 03082, Korea.,Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, World Class University Program, Seoul National University, Seoul 03082, Korea
| | - Hwan Lee
- National Leading Laboratory for Stem Cell Research, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 71, Daehak-Ro, Jongno-Gu, Seoul 03082, Korea.,Korea Research-Driven Hospital, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, 71, Daehak-ro, Jongro-gu, Seoul 03082, Korea.,Strategic Center of Cell & Bio Therapy, Seoul National University Hospital, 71, Daehak-ro, Jongro-gu, Seoul 03082, Korea.,Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, World Class University Program, Seoul National University, Seoul 03082, Korea
| | - Jaewon Lee
- National Leading Laboratory for Stem Cell Research, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 71, Daehak-Ro, Jongno-Gu, Seoul 03082, Korea.,Korea Research-Driven Hospital, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, 71, Daehak-ro, Jongro-gu, Seoul 03082, Korea.,Strategic Center of Cell & Bio Therapy, Seoul National University Hospital, 71, Daehak-ro, Jongro-gu, Seoul 03082, Korea
| | - Sooryeonhwa Jin
- National Leading Laboratory for Stem Cell Research, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 71, Daehak-Ro, Jongno-Gu, Seoul 03082, Korea.,Korea Research-Driven Hospital, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, 71, Daehak-ro, Jongro-gu, Seoul 03082, Korea.,Strategic Center of Cell & Bio Therapy, Seoul National University Hospital, 71, Daehak-ro, Jongro-gu, Seoul 03082, Korea.,Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, World Class University Program, Seoul National University, Seoul 03082, Korea
| | - Soungchan Kim
- National Leading Laboratory for Stem Cell Research, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 71, Daehak-Ro, Jongno-Gu, Seoul 03082, Korea.,Korea Research-Driven Hospital, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, 71, Daehak-ro, Jongro-gu, Seoul 03082, Korea.,Strategic Center of Cell & Bio Therapy, Seoul National University Hospital, 71, Daehak-ro, Jongro-gu, Seoul 03082, Korea.,Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, World Class University Program, Seoul National University, Seoul 03082, Korea
| | - Seung Ji Lee
- National Leading Laboratory for Stem Cell Research, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 71, Daehak-Ro, Jongno-Gu, Seoul 03082, Korea.,Korea Research-Driven Hospital, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, 71, Daehak-ro, Jongro-gu, Seoul 03082, Korea.,Strategic Center of Cell & Bio Therapy, Seoul National University Hospital, 71, Daehak-ro, Jongro-gu, Seoul 03082, Korea.,Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, World Class University Program, Seoul National University, Seoul 03082, Korea
| | - Jihye You
- National Leading Laboratory for Stem Cell Research, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 71, Daehak-Ro, Jongno-Gu, Seoul 03082, Korea.,Korea Research-Driven Hospital, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, 71, Daehak-ro, Jongro-gu, Seoul 03082, Korea.,Strategic Center of Cell & Bio Therapy, Seoul National University Hospital, 71, Daehak-ro, Jongro-gu, Seoul 03082, Korea.,Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, World Class University Program, Seoul National University, Seoul 03082, Korea
| | - Hyun-Woo Park
- National Leading Laboratory for Stem Cell Research, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 71, Daehak-Ro, Jongno-Gu, Seoul 03082, Korea.,Korea Research-Driven Hospital, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, 71, Daehak-ro, Jongro-gu, Seoul 03082, Korea.,Strategic Center of Cell & Bio Therapy, Seoul National University Hospital, 71, Daehak-ro, Jongro-gu, Seoul 03082, Korea
| | - Ky-Youb Nam
- Bio AI Research Center, Pharos I&BT Co., Ltd., Anyang-si, Gyeonggi-do 14059, Korea
| | - Sang-Hak Lee
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 134 Shinchon-Dong, Seodaemun-Gu, Seoul 120752, Korea
| | - Sahng Wook Park
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 120752, Korea
| | - Jin-Soo Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 120752, Korea
| | - Sang-Yeob Kim
- Department of Convergence Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine and Asan Medical Center, 88, Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul 05505, Korea
| | - Yoo-Wook Kwon
- National Leading Laboratory for Stem Cell Research, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 71, Daehak-Ro, Jongno-Gu, Seoul 03082, Korea.,Korea Research-Driven Hospital, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, 71, Daehak-ro, Jongro-gu, Seoul 03082, Korea.,Strategic Center of Cell & Bio Therapy, Seoul National University Hospital, 71, Daehak-ro, Jongro-gu, Seoul 03082, Korea
| | - Soo Heon Kwak
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, 101, Daehak-Ro Jongno-Gu, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Han-Mo Yang
- National Leading Laboratory for Stem Cell Research, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 71, Daehak-Ro, Jongno-Gu, Seoul 03082, Korea.,Korea Research-Driven Hospital, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, 71, Daehak-ro, Jongro-gu, Seoul 03082, Korea.,Strategic Center of Cell & Bio Therapy, Seoul National University Hospital, 71, Daehak-ro, Jongro-gu, Seoul 03082, Korea.,Cardiovascular Center & Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, 101, Daehak-Ro Jongno-Gu, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Hyo-Soo Kim
- National Leading Laboratory for Stem Cell Research, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 71, Daehak-Ro, Jongno-Gu, Seoul 03082, Korea.,Korea Research-Driven Hospital, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, 71, Daehak-ro, Jongro-gu, Seoul 03082, Korea.,Strategic Center of Cell & Bio Therapy, Seoul National University Hospital, 71, Daehak-ro, Jongro-gu, Seoul 03082, Korea.,Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, World Class University Program, Seoul National University, Seoul 03082, Korea.,Cardiovascular Center & Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, 101, Daehak-Ro Jongno-Gu, Seoul 03080, Korea
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9
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Lee HT, Oh S, Ro DH, Yoo H, Kwon YW. The Key Role of DNA Methylation and Histone Acetylation in Epigenetics of Atherosclerosis. J Lipid Atheroscler 2020; 9:419-434. [PMID: 33024734 PMCID: PMC7521974 DOI: 10.12997/jla.2020.9.3.419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis, which is the most common chronic disease of the coronary artery, constitutes a vascular pathology induced by inflammation and plaque accumulation within arterial vessel walls. Both DNA methylation and histone modifications are epigenetic changes relevant for atherosclerosis. Recent studies have shown that the DNA methylation and histone modification systems are closely interrelated and mechanically dependent on each other. Herein, we explore the functional linkage between these systems, with a particular emphasis on several recent findings suggesting that histone acetylation can help in targeting DNA methylation and that DNA methylation may control gene expression during atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Teo Lee
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.,Interdisciplinary Program in Stem Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sanghyeon Oh
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.,Interdisciplinary Program in Stem Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Du Hyun Ro
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.,Interdisciplinary Program in Stem Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyerin Yoo
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.,Interdisciplinary Program in Stem Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yoo-Wook Kwon
- Strategic Center of Cell and Bio Therapy for Heart, Diabetes & Cancer, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
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10
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Shin S, Song EY, Kwon YW, Oh S, Park H, Kim NH, Roh EY. Usefulness of the Hematopoietic Stem Cell Donor Pool as a Source of HLA-Homozygous Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells for Haplobanking: Combined Analysis of the Cord Blood Inventory and Bone Marrow Donor Registry. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2020; 26:e202-e208. [PMID: 32439474 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2020.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) have opened up unprecedented opportunities for novel therapeutic options for precision medicine. Hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) donor pools with previously determined HLA types may be ideal sources for iPSC production. Based on the HLA distribution of cryopreserved cord blood units (CBUs) and registered bone marrow (BM) donors, we estimated how much of the Korean population could be covered by HLA-homozygous iPSCs. We analyzed a total of 143,866 Korean HSC donors (27,904 CBUs and 115,962 BM donors). Each donor sample was typed for the HLA-A, -B, and -DRB1 alleles at low to intermediate resolution by DNA-based molecular techniques: PCR sequence-specific oligonucleotide (PCR-SSOP), PCR with sequence-specific primers (PCR-SSP) and PCR with sequence-based typing (PCR-SBT). We also identified individuals possessing homozygous HLA haplotypes by direct counting. The matching probabilities for zero-mismatch transplantation were calculated for 143,866 Koreans and 50 million potential Korean patients. Among the HSC donor pool, 17 HLA-A alleles, 41 HLA-B alleles, and 13 HLA-DRB1 alleles, as well as 128 homozygous HLA-A-B-DRB1 haplotypes, were identified at serologic equivalents, and those haplotypes cumulatively matched 93.20% of the 143,866 Korean donors as zero HLA-mismatch iPSC sources. Among the combinations of 2,056 haplotypes with frequencies ≥ 0.001% in a population of 50 million, those 128 homozygous haplotypes can provide 93.65% coverage for potential Korean recipients. Haplobanking of a reasonable number of HLA-A, -B, and -DRB1 homozygous iPSC lines derived from CBUs and cells of registered BM donors may be an efficient option for allogenic iPSC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sue Shin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Seoul Metropolitan Government Public Cord Blood Bank-ALLCORD, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Young Song
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoo-Wook Kwon
- Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sohee Oh
- Department of Biostatistics, Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunwoong Park
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam-Hee Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Youn Roh
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Seoul Metropolitan Government Public Cord Blood Bank-ALLCORD, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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11
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Kim IG, Park SA, Lee SH, Choi JS, Cho H, Lee SJ, Kwon YW, Kwon SK. Transplantation of a 3D-printed tracheal graft combined with iPS cell-derived MSCs and chondrocytes. Sci Rep 2020; 10:4326. [PMID: 32152475 PMCID: PMC7062776 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-61405-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
For successful tracheal reconstruction, tissue-engineered artificial trachea should meet several requirements, such as biocompatible constructs comparable to natural trachea, coverage with ciliated respiratory mucosa, and adequate cartilage remodeling to support a cylindrical structure. Here, we designed an artificial trachea with mechanical properties similar to the native trachea that can enhance the regeneration of tracheal mucosa and cartilage through the optimal combination of a two-layered tubular scaffold and human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived cells. The framework of the artificial trachea was fabricated with electrospun polycaprolactone (PCL) nanofibers (inner) and 3D-printed PCL microfibers (outer). Also, human bronchial epithelial cells (hBECs), iPSC-derived mesenchymal stem cells (iPSC-MSCs), and iPSC-derived chondrocytes (iPSC-Chds) were used to maximize the regeneration of tracheal mucosa and cartilage in vivo. After 2 days of cultivation using a bioreactor system, tissue-engineered artificial tracheas were transplanted into a segmental trachea defect (1.5-cm length) rabbit model. Endoscopy did not reveal granulation ingrowth into tracheal lumen. Alcian blue staining clearly showed the formation of ciliated columnar epithelium in iPSC-MSC groups. In addition, micro-CT analysis showed that iPSC-Chd groups were effective in forming neocartilage at defect sites. Therefore, this study describes a promising approach for long-term functional reconstruction of a segmental tracheal defect.
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Affiliation(s)
- In Gul Kim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Su A Park
- Department of Nature-Inspired Nanoconvergence Systems, Korea Institute of Machinery and Materials, Daejeon, 34103, Republic of Korea
| | - Shin-Hyae Lee
- Biomedical Research Institute Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Suk Choi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Hana Cho
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Jin Lee
- Department of Nature-Inspired Nanoconvergence Systems, Korea Institute of Machinery and Materials, Daejeon, 34103, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoo-Wook Kwon
- Biomedical Research Institute Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.
| | - Seong Keun Kwon
- Biomedical Research Institute Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.
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12
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Yang HM, Kim JY, Cho HJ, Lee JE, Jin S, Hur J, Kwon YW, Seong MW, Choi EK, Lee HY, Lee HS, Jeon M, Kim J, Yang J, Oh S, Suh KS, Yoon SS, Kim KB, Oh BH, Park YB, Kim HS. NFATc1+CD31+CD45- circulating multipotent stem cells derived from human endocardium and their therapeutic potential. Biomaterials 2019; 232:119674. [PMID: 31865194 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2019.119674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Many studies have shown the existence of cardiac stem cells in the myocardium and epicardial progenitor cells in the epicardium. However, the characteristics of stem cells in the endocardium has not been fully elucidated. In this study, we investigated the origin of newly identified cells in the blood and their therapeutic potential. The new population of cells, identified from human peripheral blood, was quite different from previously reported stem cells. These newly identified cells, which we named Circulating Multipotent Stem (CiMS) cells, were multipotent, and therefore differentiated into multiple lineages in vitro and in vivo. In order to determine the origin of these cells, we collected peripheral blood from a group of patients who underwent bone marrow, liver, heart, or kidney transplantation. We identified the endocardium as the origin of these cells because the Short Tandem Repeat profile of CiMS cells from the recipient had changed from the recipient's profile to the donor's profile after heart transplantation. CiMS cells significantly increased after stimuli to the endocardium, such as catheter ablation for arrhythmia or acute myocardial infarction. CiMS cells circulate in human peripheral blood and are easily obtainable, suggesting that these cells could be a promising tool for cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Mo Yang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea; National Research Laboratory for Stem Cell Niche, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea; Innovative Research Institute for Cell Therapy, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ju-Young Kim
- National Research Laboratory for Stem Cell Niche, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea; Innovative Research Institute for Cell Therapy, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyun-Jai Cho
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea; National Research Laboratory for Stem Cell Niche, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea; Innovative Research Institute for Cell Therapy, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Joo-Eun Lee
- National Research Laboratory for Stem Cell Niche, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea; Innovative Research Institute for Cell Therapy, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sooryeonhwa Jin
- National Research Laboratory for Stem Cell Niche, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea; Innovative Research Institute for Cell Therapy, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jin Hur
- National Research Laboratory for Stem Cell Niche, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea; Innovative Research Institute for Cell Therapy, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yoo-Wook Kwon
- National Research Laboratory for Stem Cell Niche, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea; Innovative Research Institute for Cell Therapy, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Moon-Woo Seong
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Eue-Keun Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea; Innovative Research Institute for Cell Therapy, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hae-Young Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea; Innovative Research Institute for Cell Therapy, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyun-Seob Lee
- Genomics Core Facility, Department of Transdisciplinary Research and Collaboration, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Mika Jeon
- National Research Laboratory for Stem Cell Niche, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea; Innovative Research Institute for Cell Therapy, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Joonoh Kim
- National Research Laboratory for Stem Cell Niche, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea; Innovative Research Institute for Cell Therapy, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jaeseok Yang
- Transplantation Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seil Oh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea; Innovative Research Institute for Cell Therapy, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kyung-Suk Suh
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sung-Soo Yoon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ki-Bong Kim
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Byung-Hee Oh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea; Innovative Research Institute for Cell Therapy, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Young-Bae Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea; Innovative Research Institute for Cell Therapy, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyo-Soo Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea; National Research Laboratory for Stem Cell Niche, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea; Innovative Research Institute for Cell Therapy, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea; Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.
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13
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Lee CS, Cho HJ, Lee JW, Lee J, Kwon YW, Son T, Park H, Kim J, Kim HS. Identification of Latrophilin-2 as a Novel Cell-Surface Marker for the Cardiomyogenic Lineage and Its Functional Significance in Heart Development. Circulation 2019; 139:2910-2912. [PMID: 31206334 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.119.040826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Choon-Soo Lee
- Strategic Center of Cell and Bio Therapy for Heart, Diabetes and Cancer (C.-S.L., J.-W.L., J.L., Y.-W.K., H.-S.K.), Seoul National University Hospital, Korea
- Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology (C.-S.L., J.-W.L., H.-S.K.), Seoul National University Hospital, Korea
| | - Hyun-Jai Cho
- Cardiovascular Center and Department of Internal Medicine (H.-J.C., H.-S.K.), Seoul National University Hospital, Korea
| | - Jin-Woo Lee
- Strategic Center of Cell and Bio Therapy for Heart, Diabetes and Cancer (C.-S.L., J.-W.L., J.L., Y.-W.K., H.-S.K.), Seoul National University Hospital, Korea
- Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology (C.-S.L., J.-W.L., H.-S.K.), Seoul National University Hospital, Korea
| | - Jaewon Lee
- Strategic Center of Cell and Bio Therapy for Heart, Diabetes and Cancer (C.-S.L., J.-W.L., J.L., Y.-W.K., H.-S.K.), Seoul National University Hospital, Korea
| | - Yoo-Wook Kwon
- Strategic Center of Cell and Bio Therapy for Heart, Diabetes and Cancer (C.-S.L., J.-W.L., J.L., Y.-W.K., H.-S.K.), Seoul National University Hospital, Korea
| | - Taekwon Son
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Korea (T.S.)
| | - Hanseul Park
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Cell Reprogramming, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Dongguk University, Seoul, Korea (H.P., J.K.)
| | - Jongpil Kim
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Cell Reprogramming, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Dongguk University, Seoul, Korea (H.P., J.K.)
| | - Hyo-Soo Kim
- Strategic Center of Cell and Bio Therapy for Heart, Diabetes and Cancer (C.-S.L., J.-W.L., J.L., Y.-W.K., H.-S.K.), Seoul National University Hospital, Korea
- Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology (C.-S.L., J.-W.L., H.-S.K.), Seoul National University Hospital, Korea
- Cardiovascular Center and Department of Internal Medicine (H.-J.C., H.-S.K.), Seoul National University Hospital, Korea
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14
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Abstract
Currently, coronary artery disease accounts for a large proportion of deaths occurring worldwide. Damage to the heart muscle over a short period of time leads to myocardial infarction (MI). The biological mechanisms of atherosclerosis, one of the causes of MI, have been well studied. Resistin, a type of adipokine, is closely associated with intravascular level of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and augmentation of the expression of adhesion molecules in endothelial cells. Therefore, resistin, which is highly associated with inflammation, can progress into coronary artery disease. Adenylyl cyclase associated protein 1, a binding partner of resistin, also plays an important role in inducing pro-inflammatory cytokines. The induction of these cytokines can aggravate atherosclerosis by promoting severe plaque rupture of the lesion site. Recently, drugs, such as statins that can inhibit inflammation have been extensively studied. The development of effective new drugs that can directly or indirectly block pro-inflammatory cytokines may have a great potential in the treatment of coronary artery disease in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheong-Whan Chae
- National Research Laboratory for Stem Cell Niche, Center for Medical Innovation, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, 110-744, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoo-Wook Kwon
- National Research Laboratory for Stem Cell Niche, Center for Medical Innovation, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, 110-744, Republic of Korea. .,Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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15
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Abstract
AIMS The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of preoperative bisphosphonate treatment on the intra- and postoperative outcomes of arthroplasty of the shoulder. The hypothesis was that previous bisphosphonate treatment would adversely affect both intra- and postoperative outcomes. PATIENTS AND METHODS A retrospective cohort study was conducted involving patients undergoing arthroplasty of the shoulder, at a single institution. Two patients with no previous bisphosphonate treatment were matched to each patient who had received this treatment preoperatively by gender, age, race, ethnicity, body mass index (BMI), and type of arthroplasty. Previous bisphosphonate treatment was defined as treatment occurring during the three-year period before the arthroplasty. The primary outcome measure was the incidence of intraoperative complications and those occurring at one and two years postoperatively. A total of 87 patients were included: 29 in the bisphosphonates-exposed (BP+) group and 58 in the non-exposed (BP-) group. In the BP+ group, there were 26 female and three male patients, with a mean age of 71.4 years (51 to 87). In the BP- group, there were 52 female and six male patients, with a mean age of 72.1 years (53 to 88). RESULTS Previous treatment with bisphosphonates was positively associated with intraoperative complications (fracture; odds ratio (OR) 39.40, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.42 to 6305.70) and one-year postoperative complications (OR 7.83, 95% CI 1.11 to 128.82), but did not achieve statistical significance for complications two years postoperatively (OR 3.45, 95% CI 0.65 to 25.28). The power was 63% for complications at one year. CONCLUSION Patients who are treated with bisphosphonates during the three-year period before shoulder arthroplasty have a greater risk of intraoperative and one-year postoperative complications compared with those without this previous treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- D H Mai
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, NYU Langone Orthopedic Hospital, New York, New York, USA
| | - C Oh
- Department of Population Health, NYU Langone Health, New York, New York, USA
| | - M E Doany
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, NYU Langone Orthopedic Hospital, New York, New York, USA
| | - A S Rokito
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, NYU Langone Orthopedic Hospital, New York, New York, USA
| | - Y W Kwon
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, NYU Langone Orthopedic Hospital, New York, New York, USA
| | - J D Zuckerman
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, NYU Langone Orthopedic Hospital, New York, New York, USA
| | - M S Virk
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, NYU Langone Orthopedic Hospital, New York, New York, USA
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16
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Chang Y, Lee E, Kim J, Kwon YW, Kwon Y, Kim J. Efficient in vivo direct conversion of fibroblasts into cardiomyocytes using a nanoparticle-based gene carrier. Biomaterials 2018; 192:500-509. [PMID: 30513475 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2018.11.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Revised: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The reprogramming of induced cardiomyocytes (iCMs) has shown potential in regenerative medicine. However, in vivo reprogramming of iCMs is significantly inefficient, and novel gene delivery systems are required to more efficiently and safely induce in vivo reprogramming of iCMs for therapeutic applications in heart injury. In this study, we show that cationic gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) loaded with Gata4, Mef2c, and Tbx5 function as nanocarriers for cardiac reprogramming. The AuNP/GMT/PEI nanocomplexes show high reprogramming efficiency in human and mouse somatic cells with low cytotoxicity and direct conversion into iCMs without integrating factors into the genome. Importantly, AuNP/GMT/PEI nanocomplexes led to efficient in vivo conversion into cardiomyocytes after myocardial infarction (MI), resulting in the effective recovery of cardiac function and scar area. Taken together, these results show that the AuNP/GMT/PEI nanocarrier can be used to develop effective therapeutics for heart regeneration in cardiac disease patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujung Chang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering (BK21plus), Dongguk University, Pildong-ro 1-gil 30, Jung-gu, Seoul, 04620, Republic of Korea
| | - Euiyeon Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering (BK21plus), Dongguk University, Pildong-ro 1-gil 30, Jung-gu, Seoul, 04620, Republic of Korea
| | - Junyeop Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering (BK21plus), Dongguk University, Pildong-ro 1-gil 30, Jung-gu, Seoul, 04620, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoo-Wook Kwon
- Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, 101, Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.
| | - Youngeun Kwon
- Department of Biomedical Engineering (BK21plus), Dongguk University, Pildong-ro 1-gil 30, Jung-gu, Seoul, 04620, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jongpil Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering (BK21plus), Dongguk University, Pildong-ro 1-gil 30, Jung-gu, Seoul, 04620, Republic of Korea; Department of Chemistry, Dongguk University, 30, Pildong-ro 1-gil, Jung-gu, Seoul, 04620, Republic of Korea.
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17
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Kwon YW, Ahn HS, Park JY, Yang HM, Cho HJ, Kim HS. Imprinted gene Zinc finger protein 127 is a novel regulator of master pluripotency transcription factor, Oct4. BMB Rep 2018; 51:242-248. [PMID: 29335068 PMCID: PMC5988579 DOI: 10.5483/bmbrep.2018.51.5.196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) show great promise for replacing current stem cell therapies in the field of regenerative medicine. However, the original method for cellular reprogramming, involving four exogenous transcription factors, is characterized by low efficiency. Here, we focused on using epigenetic modifications to enhance the reprogramming efficiency. We hypothesized that there would be a new reprogramming factor involved in DNA demethylation, acting on the promoters of pluripotency-related genes. We screened proteins that bind to the methylated promoter of Oct4 and identified Zinc finger protein 127 (Zfp127), the functions of which have not yet been identified. We found that Zfp127 binds to the Oct4 promoter. Overexpression of Zfp127 in fibroblasts induced demethylation of the Oct4 promoter, thus enhancing Oct4 promoter activity and gene expression. These results demonstrate that Zfp127 is a novel regulator of Oct4, and may become a potent target to improve cellular reprogramming. [BMB Reports 2018; 51(5): 242-248].
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoo-Wook Kwon
- Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Hyo-Suk Ahn
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Joo-Young Park
- National Research Laboratory for Stem Cell Niche, Seoul National University, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Han-Mo Yang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Hyun-Jai Cho
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Hyo-Soo Kim
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080; National Research Laboratory for Stem Cell Niche, Seoul National University, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080; Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080; Strategic Center of Cell and Bio Therapy for Heart, Diabetes & Cancer, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Korea
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18
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Yoon CH, Kim TW, Koh SJ, Choi YE, Hur J, Kwon YW, Cho HJ, Kim HS. Gata6 in pluripotent stem cells enhance the potential to differentiate into cardiomyocytes. BMB Rep 2018; 51:85-91. [PMID: 29335067 PMCID: PMC5836562 DOI: 10.5483/bmbrep.2018.51.2.176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Pluripotent stem cell (PSC) variations can cause significant differences in the efficiency of cardiac differentiation. This process is unpredictable, as there is not an adequate indicator at the undifferentiated stage of the PSCs. We compared global gene expression profiles of two PSCs showing significant differences in cardiac differentiation potential. We identified 12 up-regulated genes related to heart development, and we found that 4 genes interacted with multiple genes. Among these genes, Gata6 is the only gene that was significantly induced at the early stage of differentiation of PSCs to cardiomyocytes. Gata6 knock-down in PSCs decreased the efficiency of cardiomyocyte production. In addition, we analyzed 6 mESC lines and 3 iPSC lines and confirmed that a positive correlation exists between Gata6 levels and efficiency of differentiation into cardiomyocytes. In conclusion, Gata6 could be utilized as a biomarker to select the best PSC lines to produce PSC-derived cardiomyocytes for therapeutic purposes. [BMB Reports 2018; 51(2): 85-91].
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Hwan Yoon
- Cardiovascular Center & Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam 13620, Korea
| | - Tae-Won Kim
- Molecular Medicine & Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Seok-Jin Koh
- Cardiovascular Center & Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam 13620, Korea
| | - Young-Eun Choi
- Innovative Research Institute for Cell Therapy, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Jin Hur
- Innovative Research Institute for Cell Therapy, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Yoo-Wook Kwon
- Innovative Research Institute for Cell Therapy, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Hyun-Jai Cho
- Innovative Research Institute for Cell Therapy, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Hyo-Soo Kim
- Molecular Medicine & Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080; Innovative Research Institute for Cell Therapy, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Korea
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19
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Park J, Kwon YW, Ham S, Hong CP, Seo S, Choe MK, Shin SI, Lee CS, Kim HS, Roh TY. Identification of the early and late responder genes during the generation of induced pluripotent stem cells from mouse fibroblasts. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0171300. [PMID: 28152015 PMCID: PMC5289558 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0171300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2016] [Accepted: 01/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The generation of induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC), a substitute for embryonic stem cell (ESC), requires the proper orchestration of a transcription program at the chromatin level. Our recent approach for the induction of pluripotent stem cells from fibroblasts using protein extracts from mouse ESCs could overcome the potential tumorigenicity risks associated with random retroviral integration. Here, we examine the epigenetic modifications and the transcriptome of two types of iPSC and of partially reprogrammed iPSCs (iPSCp) generated independently from adult cardiac and skin fibroblasts to assess any perturbations of the transcription program during reprogramming. RESULTS The comparative dissection of the transcription profiles and histone modification patterns at lysines 4 and 27 of histone H3 of the iPSC, iPSCp, ESC, and somatic cells revealed that the iPSC was almost completely comparable to the ESC, regardless of their origins, whereas the genes of the iPSCp were dysregulated to a larger extent. Regardless of the origins of the somatic cells, the fibroblasts induced using the ESC protein extracts appear to be completely reprogrammed into pluripotent cells, although they show unshared marginal differences in their gene expression programs, which may not affect the maintenance of stemness. A comparative investigation of the iPSCp generated by unwanted reprogramming showed that the two groups of genes on the pathway from somatic cells to iPSC might function as sequential reprogramming-competent early and late responders to the induction stimulus. Moreover, some of the divergent genes expressed only in the iPSCp were associated with many tumor-related pathways. CONCLUSIONS Faithful transcriptional reprogramming should follow epigenetic alterations to generate induced pluripotent stem cells from somatic cells. This genome-wide comparison enabled us to define the early and late responder genes during the cell reprogramming process to iPSC. Our results indicate that the cellular responsiveness to external stimuli should be pre-determined and sequentially orchestrated through the tight modulation of the chromatin environment during cell reprogramming to prevent unexpected reprogramming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihwan Park
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoo-Wook Kwon
- National Research Laboratory for Stem Cell Niche, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Innovative Research Institute for Cell Therapy and Cardiovascular Center & Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seokjin Ham
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Pyo Hong
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Seonghye Seo
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Moon Kyung Choe
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - So-I Shin
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Choon-Soo Lee
- National Research Laboratory for Stem Cell Niche, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo-Soo Kim
- National Research Laboratory for Stem Cell Niche, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Innovative Research Institute for Cell Therapy and Cardiovascular Center & Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, and College of Medicine or College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Young Roh
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Republic of Korea
- Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail:
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20
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Mollon B, Mahure SA, Ding DY, Zuckerman JD, Kwon YW. The influence of a history of clinical depression on peri-operative outcomes in elective total shoulder arthroplasty: a ten-year national analysis. Bone Joint J 2017; 98-B:818-24. [PMID: 27235526 DOI: 10.1302/0301-620x.98b6.37208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2015] [Accepted: 01/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Depression can significantly affect quality of life and is associated with higher rates of medical comorbidities and increased mortality following surgery. Although depression has been linked to poorer outcomes following orthopaedic trauma, total joint arthroplasty and spinal surgery, we wished to examine the impact of depression in elective total shoulder arthroplasty (TSA) as this has not been previously explored. PATIENTS AND METHODS The United States Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS) was used to identify patients undergoing elective TSA over a ten-year period. Between 2002 and 2012, 224 060 patients underwent elective TSA. RESULTS Among the identified patients who had undergone TSA, 12.4% had a diagnosis of a history of depression. A diagnosis of depression was twice as common in women compared with men (16.0% vs 8.0%, p < 0.001), and more frequent in those with low income and Medicaid insurance (p < 0.001). A diagnosis of depression was an independent risk factor for post-operative delirium (odds ratio (OR) 2.29, p < 0.001), anaemia (OR 1.65, p < 0.001), infection (2.09, p = 0.045) and hospital discharge to a placement other than home (OR 1.52, p < 0.001) CONCLUSION: A history of clinical depression is present in 12.4% of patients undergoing elective TSA and the disease burden is projected to increase further in the future. Depression is often underdiagnosed and pre-operative screening and appropriate peri-operative management of patients is encouraged. TAKE HOME MESSAGE The awareness that clinical depression is associated with increased complications following total shoulder arthroplasty provides physicians an opportunity for early intervention in this at-risk population. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2016;98-B:818-24.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Mollon
- NYU Hospital for Joint Diseases, 301 East 17th Street, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - S A Mahure
- NYU Hospital for Joint Diseases, 301 East 17th Street, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - D Y Ding
- NYU Hospital for Joint Diseases, 301 East 17th Street, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - J D Zuckerman
- NYU Hospital for Joint Diseases, 301 East 17th Street, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Y W Kwon
- NYU Hospital for Joint Diseases, 301 East 17th Street, New York, NY 10016, USA
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21
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Cho HJ, Lee CS, Lee JW, Han JK, Yang HM, Kwon YW, Kim HS. Abstract 65: Latrophilin-2 is a Specific Cell-surface Marker for Cardiac Progenitor Cells and Specifies Cardiac Lineage Commitment and Development. Circ Res 2016. [DOI: 10.1161/res.119.suppl_1.65] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Backgrounds:
The identification of a lineage-specific marker plays a pivotal role in understanding developmental process and is utilized to isolate a certain cell type with high purity for the therapeutic purpose. We here report a new cardiac-specific marker, and demonstrate its functional significance in the cardiac development.
Methods and Results:
When mouse pluripotent stem cells (ES and iPS cells) were stimulated with BMP4, Activin A, bFGF and VEGF, they differentiated into cardiac cells. To screen cell-surface expressing molecules on cardiac progenitor cells compared to undifferentiated mouse iPS and ES cells, we isolated Flk1+/PDGFRa+ cells at differentiation day 4 and performed microarray analysis. Among candidates, we identified a new G protein-coupled receptor, Latrophilin-2 (LPHN2) whose signaling pathway and its effect on cardiac differentiation is unknown. In sorting experiments under cardiac differentiation condition, LPHN2+ cells derived from pluripotent stem cells strongly expressed cardiac-related genes (Mesp1, Nkx2.5, aMHC and cTnT) and exclusively gave rise to beating cardiomyocytes, as compared with LPHN2- cells. LPHN2-/- mice revealed embryonically lethal and huge defects in cardiac development. Interestingly, LPHN2+/- heterozygotes were alive and fertile. For the purpose of cardiac regeneration, we transplanted iPS-derived LPHN2+ cells into the infarcted heart of adult mice. LPHN2+ cells differentiated into cardiomyocytes, and systolic function of left ventricle was improved and infarct size was reduced. We confirmed LPHN2 expression on human iPS and ES cell-derived cardiac progenitor cells and human heart.
Conclusions:
We demonstrate that LPHN2 is a functionally significant and cell-surface expressing marker for both mouse and human cardiac progenitor and cardiomyocytes. Our findings provide a valuable tool for isolating cardiac lineage cells from pluripotent stem cells and an insight into cardiac development and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Jai Cho
- Seoul National Univ Hosp, Innovative Rsch Institute for Cell Therapy (IRICT), Seoul, Korea, Republic of
| | - Choon-Soo Lee
- Seoul National Univ Hosp, Innovative Rsch Institute for Cell Therapy (IRICT), Seoul, Korea, Republic of
| | - Jin-Woo Lee
- Seoul National Univ Hosp, Innovative Rsch Institute for Cell Therapy (IRICT), Seoul, Korea, Republic of
| | - Jung-Kyu Han
- Seoul National Univ Hosp, Innovative Rsch Institute for Cell Therapy (IRICT), Seoul, Korea, Republic of
| | - Han-Mo Yang
- Seoul National Univ Hosp, Innovative Rsch Institute for Cell Therapy (IRICT), Seoul, Korea, Republic of
| | - Yoo-Wook Kwon
- Seoul National Univ Hosp, Innovative Rsch Institute for Cell Therapy (IRICT), Seoul, Korea, Republic of
| | - Hyo-Soo Kim
- Seoul National Univ Hosp, Innovative Rsch Institute for Cell Therapy (IRICT), Seoul, Korea, Republic of
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22
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Choi JI, Hur J, Jang JH, Oh IY, Lee H, Nham P, Hwang I, Kim TW, Kang J, Yoon CH, Yang HM, Kwon YW, Cho HJ, Park YB, Kim HS. Abstract P119: Human Podoplanin+/vegfr-3+/lyve-1+ Monocytes are Lymphatic Endothelial Precursors. Hypertension 2015. [DOI: 10.1161/hyp.66.suppl_1.p119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Lymphatic vessels are involved in the development of various inflammatory disorders, and lymphatic vessel regeneration has been increasingly investigated to develop therapies for lymphatic diseases. Here we report that Podoplanin+/VEGFR-3+/LYVE-1+ is a valid marker for human lymphatic endothelial precursors and the triple-positive cells can be used in lymphatic regeneration. During 5-day culture on an ultra-low attachment surface dish, human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) underwent exponential growth, aggregating into a sphere-like structure and expressing several lymphatic endothelial cell (LEC) markers and lymphangiogenic transcription factors. When dissociated from the aggregate and cultured on a gelatin-coated dish, the cells were attached to the surface. The attached cells were triple positive for LEC markers e.g. Podoplanin, LYVE-1, VEGFR-3. Furthermore, seeded in Matrigel with LECs, the 5-day aggregate-derived cells were incorporated into lymphatic endothelial network. The 5-day aggregates were largely positive for CD14+, a monocyte marker. The CD14+ population was sorted into Podoplanin-positive and negative group for further characterization. Notably, CD14+/Podoplanin+ cells showed increased expression of lymphangiogenic molecules (e.g. VEGFR-3, LYVE-1) both at the genetic and protein levels. Also, CD14+/Podoplanin+ cells secreted higher levels of lymphangiogenic cytokines (VEGF, HGF, PDGF-BB). ELISA results showed that CD14+/Podoplanin+ cells produced more lymphangiogenic cytokines than CD14+/Podoplanin- cells. Local injection of monocyte aggregates significantly increased lymphatic neovascularization and facilitated healing of the skin wound model of nude mice, with CD14+/Podoplanin+ group showing the most dramatic result. Our data suggests that Podoplanin-positive monocytes can be transdifferentiated into lymphatic endothelial precursor cells, and cells with triple positivity for Podoplanin, VEGFR-3, and LYVE-1 can be a promising cell source for therapy against human lymphatic vessel diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Il Choi
- Seoul National Univ Hosp, Seoul, Korea, Republic of
| | - Jin Hur
- Seoul National Univ Hosp, Seoul, Korea, Republic of
| | - Jae Hee Jang
- Seoul National Univ Hosp, Seoul, Korea, Republic of
| | - Il-Young Oh
- Seoul National Univ Bundang Hosp, Bundang, Korea, Republic of
| | - Hwan Lee
- Seoul National Univ Hosp, Seoul, Korea, Republic of
| | - Pniel Nham
- Seoul National Univ Hosp, Seoul, Korea, Republic of
| | - Injoo Hwang
- Seoul National Univ Hosp, Seoul, Korea, Republic of
| | - Tae-Won Kim
- Seoul National Univ Hosp, Seoul, Korea, Republic of
| | - Jeehoon Kang
- Seoul National Univ Hosp, Seoul, Korea, Republic of
| | - Chang-Hwan Yoon
- Seoul National Univ Bundang Hosp, Bundang, Korea, Republic of
| | - Han-Mo Yang
- Seoul National Univ Hosp, Seoul, Korea, Republic of
| | | | - Hyun-Jai Cho
- Seoul National Univ Hosp, Seoul, Korea, Republic of
| | | | - Hyo-Soo Kim
- Seoul National Univ Hosp, Seoul, Korea, Republic of
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23
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Choi JI, Hur J, Kang JA, Yun JY, Lee H, Nham P, Hwang I, Chae C, Kim TW, Kang J, Yoon CH, Yang HM, Kwon YW, Cho HJ, Park YB, Kim HS. Abstract P120: Improving the Angiogenic Abilities of Mobilized Peripheral Blood Stem Cells Achieved by Priming with Activated Platelet Supernatant for Regenerative Cell Therapy. Hypertension 2015. [DOI: 10.1161/hyp.66.suppl_1.p120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Platelets play a critical role in hemostasis and also have ability to promote angiogenesis and tissue repair by secreting of numerous cytokine and making angiogenic condition. We investigated whether autologous ‘activated platelet supernatant (APS)’ has effect on enhancing pro-angiogenic potential of peripheral blood stem cells (PBSC) for stem cell-based therapy for ischemic diseases. Granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) mobilized peripheral blood stem cells (mobPBSC) were isolated from healthy volunteers, while APS was collected from platelet rich plasma by thrombin activation. mobPBSCs were primed with APS (APS primed mobPBSCs) for 6 hours, and APS primed mobPBSCs characterized their angiogenic ability. For the safety analysis, we estimated the thrombogenicity of platelets in whole blood mixed with APS primed mobPBSCs by expression of glycoprotein IIb and IIIa on platelets. APS had a higher level of various cytokines, such as IL8, IL17, PDGF and VEGF than naïve platelet supernatants. And APS primed mobPBSCs had more expression of angiogenic factors, surface markers (i.e. CD34, CD31, and CXCR4) and integrins (integrin α5, β1 and β2) than Veh primed and Pre primed mobPBSC. Also APS primed mobPBSCs were polarized toward CD14++/CD16+ pro-angiogenic monocytes. And result in adhesion to endothelial cells and fibronectin which represents cell to cell and cell to extracellular matrix adhesion, respectively. The culture supernatant of APS-primed mobPBSCs contained high levels of IL8, IL10, IL17 and TNFα, and augmented proliferation and capillary network formation of HUVEC. In-vivo transplantation of APS-primed mobPBSC into athymic mice ischemic hindlimbs and Matrigel plugs elicited vessel differentiation and tissue repair. In thrombogenicity test, platelet activity increased after mixing whole blood with mobPBSC regardless of the priming agent. However, this was reduced by pretreatment of aspirin, which is an antiplatelet agent prescribed to patients with ischemic diseases. Our data demonstrate that mobPBSCs primed with APS improve angiogenic potential, and that can be adjunctive strategy to enhance the efficiency of stem cell therapy for ischemic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Il Choi
- Seoul National Univ Hosp, Seoul, Korea, Republic of
| | - Jin Hur
- Seoul National Univ Hosp, Seoul, Korea, Republic of
| | - Jin-A Kang
- Seoul National Univ Hosp, Seoul, Korea, Republic of
| | - Ji-Yeon Yun
- Seoul National Univ Hosp, Seoul, Korea, Republic of
| | - Hwan Lee
- Seoul National Univ Hosp, Seoul, Korea, Republic of
| | - Pniel Nham
- Seoul National Univ Hosp, Seoul, Korea, Republic of
| | - Injoo Hwang
- Seoul National Univ Hosp, Seoul, Korea, Republic of
| | | | - Tae-Won Kim
- Seoul National Univ Hosp, Seoul, Korea, Republic of
| | - Jeehoon Kang
- Seoul National Univ Hosp, Seoul, Korea, Republic of
| | - Chang-Hwan Yoon
- Seoul National Univ Bundang Hosp, Bundang, Korea, Republic of
| | - Han-Mo Yang
- Seoul National Univ Hosp, Seoul, Korea, Republic of
| | | | - Hyun-Jai Cho
- Seoul National Univ Hosp, Seoul, Korea, Republic of
| | | | - Hyo-Soo Kim
- Seoul National Univ Hosp, Seoul, Korea, Republic of
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Yang HM, Kim JY, Kwon YW, Kim HS. Abstract 244: A Novel Method for the Generation of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells From Human Peripheral Blood. Circ Res 2015. [DOI: 10.1161/res.117.suppl_1.244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background:
In terms of the generation of induced pluripotent stem(iPS) cells, one of the important issues for clinical applications is cell source. Human peripheral blood is one of the easily accessible cell sources. However, isolated peripheral blood cells have shown low gene transfection efficiency and inconveniences requiring specific methods to isolate. Here, we report a novel population of peripheral blood-derived stem cells, which can be easily reprogrammed to iPS cells.
Methods and Results:
We cultured peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from human peripheral blood and seeded on the fibronectin-coated plate. We observed adherent cells from as early as 5 days after the start of culture and those cells gradually formed colonies. We were able to isolate these cells with very high efficiency. Furthermore, we have also confirmed that these cells can be differentiated to osteogenic, adipogenic, and myogenic-lineage cells. Therefore, we named these cells circulating multipotent adult stem cell. We were successful in generating iPS cells with these cells. These cells showed enhanced efficiency of gene transduction, compared to the human dermal fibroblast. We obtained reprogrammed colonies in 8 days after 4 factor virus transduction without feeder cells. We identified our iPS cells had similar features to embryonic stem cell in morphology, gene expression, epigenetic state and ability to differentiate into the three germ layers. We obtained more than 46 iPS cell lines from PBMC of patients with cardiovascular disease and normal volunteers.
Conclusions:
Our study showed new methods to isolate stem cells from peripheral blood and to generate iPS cells with high efficacy. This result suggests that our new approach could be one of ideal methods for clinical application of iPS cells in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Mo Yang
- Seoul National Univ Hosp, Seoul, Korea, Republic of
| | - Ju-Young Kim
- Seoul National Univ Hosp, Seoul, Korea, Republic of
| | | | - Hyo-Soo Kim
- Seoul National Univ Hosp, Seoul, Korea, Republic of
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Cho HJ, Hwang IC, Kim JY, Lee HS, Lee J, Park J, Yang HM, Kwon YW, Kim SH, Kim HS. Abstract 263: Therapeutic Potential of a Novel Necrosis Inhibitor in Myocardial Ischemia-reperfusion Injury. Circ Res 2015. [DOI: 10.1161/res.117.suppl_1.263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Reperfusion, although essential for salvage of ischemic myocardium, paradoxically causes a wide variety of injuries. Opening of mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) and Ca
2+
overload contribute to myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury. We aimed to investigate the protective role of a novel necrosis inhibitor (NecroX-7; NecX) against myocardial I/R injury, using in vitro and in vivo models.
Methods and Results:
In H9C2 rat cardiomyoblasts exposed to hypoxia-reoxygenation stress, the main mechanism of cell death was not apoptosis but necrosis, which was prevented mainly by NecX, the necrosis inhibitor, but not by Z-VAD-fmk, the apoptosis inhibitor. The protective effect of NecX was based on its potent ROS scavenging activity, especially on mitochondrial ROS which is one of the major inducers of mPTP opening. NecX preserved mitochondrial membrane potential, mitochondrial structure, through prevention of Ca
2+
influx and inhibition of the opening of mPTP. Inhibition of necrosis by NecX was accompanied by reduction of phospho-p38 MAPK and phospho-JNK, and decrease of HMGB1. Using Sprague-Dawley rats exposed to myocardial ischemia for 45 minutes followed by reperfusion, we compared therapeutic efficacies of NecX and Ciclosporin A (CsA) with 5% dextrose (control), each administrated 5 minutes before reperfusion. NecX markedly inhibited myocardial necrosis, reduced fibrotic area and attenuated the release of cardiac enzymes, compared to dextrose and CsA. Additionally, NecX preserved systolic function and prevented pathologic dilatory remodeling of left ventricle.
Conclusion:
The novel necrosis inhibitor has a significant protective effect against myocardial I/R injury, indicating that it is a promising candidate for cardioprotective adjunctive measure on top of reperfusion therapy.
Clinical implication:
We are trying to translate this experimental data into patients. A phase I clinical trial confirmed the safety profiles of NecX [NCT01737424] and a phase II trial for STEMI patients (NEXsteMI trial) is ongoing [NCT02070471].
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Jai Cho
- Seoul National Univ Hosp, Innovative Rsch Institute for Cell Therapy (IRICT), Seoul, Korea, Republic of
| | - In-Chang Hwang
- Seoul National Univ Hosp, Innovative Rsch Institute for Cell Therapy (IRICT), Seoul, Korea, Republic of
| | - Ju-Young Kim
- Seoul National Univ Hosp, Innovative Rsch Institute for Cell Therapy (IRICT), Seoul, Korea, Republic of
| | - Hak Seung Lee
- Seoul National Univ Hosp, Innovative Rsch Institute for Cell Therapy (IRICT), Seoul, Korea, Republic of
| | - Jaewon Lee
- Seoul National Univ Hosp, Innovative Rsch Institute for Cell Therapy (IRICT), Seoul, Korea, Republic of
| | - Jonghanne Park
- Seoul National Univ Hosp, Innovative Rsch Institute for Cell Therapy (IRICT), Seoul, Korea, Republic of
| | - Han-Mo Yang
- Seoul National Univ Hosp, Innovative Rsch Institute for Cell Therapy (IRICT), Seoul, Korea, Republic of
| | - Yoo-Wook Kwon
- Seoul National Univ Hosp, Innovative Rsch Institute for Cell Therapy (IRICT), Seoul, Korea, Republic of
| | - Soon-Ha Kim
- LG Life Sciences Ltd, Daejeon, Korea, Republic of
| | - Hyo-Soo Kim
- Seoul National Univ Hosp, Innovative Rsch Institute for Cell Therapy (IRICT), Seoul, Korea, Republic of
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26
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Kwon YW, Paek JS, Cho HJ, Lee CS, Lee HJ, Park IH, Roh TY, Kang CM, Yang HM, Park YB, Kim HS. Role of Zscan4 in secondary murine iPSC derivation mediated by protein extracts of ESC or iPSC. Biomaterials 2015; 59:102-15. [PMID: 25956855 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2015.03.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2015] [Revised: 03/16/2015] [Accepted: 03/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Previously, we found that the delivery of mouse ES (mES) cell-derived proteins to adult fibroblasts enables the full reprogramming of these cells, converting them to mouse pluripotent stem cells (protein-iPS cells) without transduction of defined factors. During reprogramming, global gene expression and epigenetic status such as DNA methylation and histone modifications convert from somatic to ES-equivalent status. mES cell extract-derived iPS cells are biologically and functionally indistinguishable from mES cells in its potential in differentiation both in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, these cells show complete developmental potency. However, the efficiency of generating iPS by treatment with extract from mES cells is still low. In this report, we demonstrated that protein extracts of mouse iPS cells that were previously generated by mES cell extract treatment were able to reprogram somatic cells to become ES-like cells (secondary protein-iPS cells). We confirmed that fetal animals (E12.5) could be derived from these cells. Surprisingly, the efficiency of forming Oct4-positive colonies was remarkably improved by treatment of somatic cells with mouse iPS cell extract in comparison to treatment with mES cell extract. By screening the genes differentially expressed between mouse iPS and mES cells, Zscan4, which is known to enhance telomere elongation and stabilize genomic DNA, was identified as a strong candidate to promote efficiency of reprogramming. Interestingly, treatment with protein extracted from mES cells overexpressing Zscan4 enhanced formation of Oct4-positive colonies. Our results provide an efficient and safe strategy for reprogramming somatic cells by using mouse iPS cell extract. Zscan4 might be a key molecule involved in the demonstrated improvement of reprogramming efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoo-Wook Kwon
- National Research Laboratory for Stem Cell Niche, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-744, Republic of Korea; Innovative Research Institute for Cell Therapy, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 110-744, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Seung Paek
- National Research Laboratory for Stem Cell Niche, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-744, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Jai Cho
- National Research Laboratory for Stem Cell Niche, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-744, Republic of Korea; Innovative Research Institute for Cell Therapy, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 110-744, Republic of Korea
| | - Choon-Soo Lee
- National Research Laboratory for Stem Cell Niche, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-744, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho-Jae Lee
- National Research Laboratory for Stem Cell Niche, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-744, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Hyun Park
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06420, USA
| | - Tae-Young Roh
- Division of Molecular and Life Science, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Mo Kang
- Division of Radiation Effect, Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences, Seoul 139-706, Republic of Korea
| | - Han-Mo Yang
- National Research Laboratory for Stem Cell Niche, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-744, Republic of Korea; Innovative Research Institute for Cell Therapy, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 110-744, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Bae Park
- Innovative Research Institute for Cell Therapy, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 110-744, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo-Soo Kim
- National Research Laboratory for Stem Cell Niche, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-744, Republic of Korea; Innovative Research Institute for Cell Therapy, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 110-744, Republic of Korea; Molecular Medicine & Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 110-744, Republic of Korea.
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27
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Han JK, Chang SH, Cho HJ, Choi SB, Ahn HS, Lee J, Jeong H, Youn SW, Lee HJ, Kwon YW, Cho HJ, Oh BH, Oettgen P, Park YB, Kim HS. Direct Conversion of Adult Skin Fibroblasts to Endothelial Cells by Defined Factors. Circulation 2014; 130:1168-78. [DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.113.007727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Background—
Cell-based therapies to augment endothelial cells (ECs) hold great therapeutic promise. Here, we report a novel approach to generate functional ECs directly from adult fibroblasts.
Methods and Results—
Eleven candidate genes that are key regulators of endothelial development were selected. Green fluorescent protein (GFP)–negative skin fibroblasts were prepared from Tie2-GFP mice and infected with lentiviruses allowing simultaneous overexpression of all 11 factors. Tie2-GFP
+
cells (0.9%), representing Tie2 gene activation, were detected by flow cytometry. Serial stepwise screening revealed 5 key factors (Foxo1, Er71, Klf2, Tal1, and Lmo2) that were required for efficient reprogramming of skin fibroblasts into Tie2-GFP
+
cells (4%). This reprogramming strategy did not involve pluripotency induction because neither Oct4 nor Nanog was expressed after 5 key factor transduction. Tie2-GFP
+
cells were isolated using fluorescence-activated cell sorting and designated as induced ECs (iECs). iECs exhibited endothelium-like cobblestone morphology and expressed EC molecular markers. iECs possessed endothelial functions such as
Bandeiraea simplicifolia
-1 lectin binding, acetylated low-density lipoprotein uptake, capillary formation on Matrigel, and nitric oxide production. The epigenetic profile of iECs was similar to that of authentic ECs because the promoters of VE-cadherin and Tie2 genes were demethylated. mRNA profiling showed clustering of iECs with authentic ECs and highly enriched endothelial genes in iECs. In a murine model of hind-limb ischemia, iEC implantation increased capillary density and enhanced limb perfusion, demonstrating the in vivo viability and functionality of iECs.
Conclusions—
We demonstrated the first direct conversion of adult fibroblasts to functional ECs. These results suggest a novel therapeutic modality for cell therapy in ischemic vascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Kyu Han
- From National Research Laboratory for Cardiovascular Stem Cell, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (J-K.H., S-H.C, Hyun-Ju C., S-B.C., H-S.A., J.L., H.J., S-W.Y., H-J.L., Y-W.K., Hyun-Jai C., B-H.O., Y-B.P., H-S.K.); Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (J-K.H., Hyun-Jai C., B-H.O., Y-B.P., H-S.K.); Center for Vascular Biology Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School
| | - Sung-Hwan Chang
- From National Research Laboratory for Cardiovascular Stem Cell, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (J-K.H., S-H.C, Hyun-Ju C., S-B.C., H-S.A., J.L., H.J., S-W.Y., H-J.L., Y-W.K., Hyun-Jai C., B-H.O., Y-B.P., H-S.K.); Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (J-K.H., Hyun-Jai C., B-H.O., Y-B.P., H-S.K.); Center for Vascular Biology Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School
| | - Hyun-Ju Cho
- From National Research Laboratory for Cardiovascular Stem Cell, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (J-K.H., S-H.C, Hyun-Ju C., S-B.C., H-S.A., J.L., H.J., S-W.Y., H-J.L., Y-W.K., Hyun-Jai C., B-H.O., Y-B.P., H-S.K.); Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (J-K.H., Hyun-Jai C., B-H.O., Y-B.P., H-S.K.); Center for Vascular Biology Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School
| | - Saet-Byeol Choi
- From National Research Laboratory for Cardiovascular Stem Cell, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (J-K.H., S-H.C, Hyun-Ju C., S-B.C., H-S.A., J.L., H.J., S-W.Y., H-J.L., Y-W.K., Hyun-Jai C., B-H.O., Y-B.P., H-S.K.); Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (J-K.H., Hyun-Jai C., B-H.O., Y-B.P., H-S.K.); Center for Vascular Biology Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School
| | - Hyo-Suk Ahn
- From National Research Laboratory for Cardiovascular Stem Cell, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (J-K.H., S-H.C, Hyun-Ju C., S-B.C., H-S.A., J.L., H.J., S-W.Y., H-J.L., Y-W.K., Hyun-Jai C., B-H.O., Y-B.P., H-S.K.); Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (J-K.H., Hyun-Jai C., B-H.O., Y-B.P., H-S.K.); Center for Vascular Biology Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School
| | - Jaewon Lee
- From National Research Laboratory for Cardiovascular Stem Cell, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (J-K.H., S-H.C, Hyun-Ju C., S-B.C., H-S.A., J.L., H.J., S-W.Y., H-J.L., Y-W.K., Hyun-Jai C., B-H.O., Y-B.P., H-S.K.); Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (J-K.H., Hyun-Jai C., B-H.O., Y-B.P., H-S.K.); Center for Vascular Biology Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School
| | - Heewon Jeong
- From National Research Laboratory for Cardiovascular Stem Cell, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (J-K.H., S-H.C, Hyun-Ju C., S-B.C., H-S.A., J.L., H.J., S-W.Y., H-J.L., Y-W.K., Hyun-Jai C., B-H.O., Y-B.P., H-S.K.); Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (J-K.H., Hyun-Jai C., B-H.O., Y-B.P., H-S.K.); Center for Vascular Biology Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School
| | - Seock-Won Youn
- From National Research Laboratory for Cardiovascular Stem Cell, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (J-K.H., S-H.C, Hyun-Ju C., S-B.C., H-S.A., J.L., H.J., S-W.Y., H-J.L., Y-W.K., Hyun-Jai C., B-H.O., Y-B.P., H-S.K.); Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (J-K.H., Hyun-Jai C., B-H.O., Y-B.P., H-S.K.); Center for Vascular Biology Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School
| | - Ho-Jae Lee
- From National Research Laboratory for Cardiovascular Stem Cell, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (J-K.H., S-H.C, Hyun-Ju C., S-B.C., H-S.A., J.L., H.J., S-W.Y., H-J.L., Y-W.K., Hyun-Jai C., B-H.O., Y-B.P., H-S.K.); Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (J-K.H., Hyun-Jai C., B-H.O., Y-B.P., H-S.K.); Center for Vascular Biology Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School
| | - Yoo-Wook Kwon
- From National Research Laboratory for Cardiovascular Stem Cell, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (J-K.H., S-H.C, Hyun-Ju C., S-B.C., H-S.A., J.L., H.J., S-W.Y., H-J.L., Y-W.K., Hyun-Jai C., B-H.O., Y-B.P., H-S.K.); Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (J-K.H., Hyun-Jai C., B-H.O., Y-B.P., H-S.K.); Center for Vascular Biology Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School
| | - Hyun-Jai Cho
- From National Research Laboratory for Cardiovascular Stem Cell, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (J-K.H., S-H.C, Hyun-Ju C., S-B.C., H-S.A., J.L., H.J., S-W.Y., H-J.L., Y-W.K., Hyun-Jai C., B-H.O., Y-B.P., H-S.K.); Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (J-K.H., Hyun-Jai C., B-H.O., Y-B.P., H-S.K.); Center for Vascular Biology Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School
| | - Byung-Hee Oh
- From National Research Laboratory for Cardiovascular Stem Cell, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (J-K.H., S-H.C, Hyun-Ju C., S-B.C., H-S.A., J.L., H.J., S-W.Y., H-J.L., Y-W.K., Hyun-Jai C., B-H.O., Y-B.P., H-S.K.); Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (J-K.H., Hyun-Jai C., B-H.O., Y-B.P., H-S.K.); Center for Vascular Biology Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School
| | - Peter Oettgen
- From National Research Laboratory for Cardiovascular Stem Cell, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (J-K.H., S-H.C, Hyun-Ju C., S-B.C., H-S.A., J.L., H.J., S-W.Y., H-J.L., Y-W.K., Hyun-Jai C., B-H.O., Y-B.P., H-S.K.); Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (J-K.H., Hyun-Jai C., B-H.O., Y-B.P., H-S.K.); Center for Vascular Biology Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School
| | - Young-Bae Park
- From National Research Laboratory for Cardiovascular Stem Cell, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (J-K.H., S-H.C, Hyun-Ju C., S-B.C., H-S.A., J.L., H.J., S-W.Y., H-J.L., Y-W.K., Hyun-Jai C., B-H.O., Y-B.P., H-S.K.); Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (J-K.H., Hyun-Jai C., B-H.O., Y-B.P., H-S.K.); Center for Vascular Biology Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School
| | - Hyo-Soo Kim
- From National Research Laboratory for Cardiovascular Stem Cell, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (J-K.H., S-H.C, Hyun-Ju C., S-B.C., H-S.A., J.L., H.J., S-W.Y., H-J.L., Y-W.K., Hyun-Jai C., B-H.O., Y-B.P., H-S.K.); Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (J-K.H., Hyun-Jai C., B-H.O., Y-B.P., H-S.K.); Center for Vascular Biology Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School
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28
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Abstract
The coexistence of a basal cell carcinoma and a port-wine stain is a very rare condition that may be associated with previous treatments. We present a case of multiple basal cell carcinomas developing within the boundaries of a port-wine stain, which had been treated with a tholium X and argon laser. Our case suggests that port-wine stains which were previously treated with irradiation or argon laser should be examined carefully and regularly by both physician and patient, because they may hide basal cell carcinomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byung-Soo Kim
- Department of Dermatology, Pusan National University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
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29
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Cho HJ, Cho HJ, Kwon YW, Park YB, Kim HS. Abstract 45: The Identification and Hierarchy of Bone Marrow-derived Artery-resident Mesodermal Progenitor Cells and their Dynamics in Atherosclerosis. Circ Res 2014. [DOI: 10.1161/res.115.suppl_1.45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background:
We recently identified bone marrow (BM)-derived artery resident calcifying progenitor cells. Sca-1+PDGFRα- cells may possess bipotent (osteoblastic/osteoclastic) characteristics. However, the nature of progenitor cells remains elusive. Therefore, we investigated developmental hierarchy of progenitor cells and
in vivo
dynamics in atherosclerosis.
Methods and Results:
We harvested cells from BM and artery of C57 mice. In BM, Lin-CD29+Sca-1+PDGFRα- cells showed hematopoietic potential and differentiated into osteoclasts OC). They also possessed mesenchymal stem cell property including osteoblastic (OB) differentiation, suggesting that Sca-1+PDGFRα- cells could be mesodermal progenitor cells. Interestingly, BM-derived artery-resident, clonal Sca-1+PDGFRα- cells maintained bipotency (OB/OC) but lost hematopoietic nature. In contrast, Sca-1+PDGFRα+ cells in BM and artery only showed unipotency (OB). When we overexpressed or knocked down PDGFRα, there was no alteration in OB or OC differentiation of Sca-1+PDGFRα- cells and no effect on OB differentiation of Sca-1+PDGFRα+ cells, indicating PDGFRα as a surface marker but not a functional player. In hyperlipidemic ApoE-KO mice compared with control, Sca-1+PDGFRα- cells were less mobilized from BM to peripheral circulation and less infiltrated into atherosclerotic plaque, whereas Sca-1+PDGFRα+ cells were not significantly affected. Multiplex cytokine assay of serum and artery revealed that IL-1β was significantly increased and IL-5 was markedly decreased in atherosclerotic mice. IL-1β decreased the migration of Sca-1+PDGFRα- cells by 5 folds compared with TNFα, and IL-5 increased the migration as much as TNFα. But the migration of Sca-1+PDGFRα+ cells was not altered. These data indicate that atherosclerosis-related humoral factors mainly regulated mesodermal progenitor cells’ dynamics.
Conclusion:
We demonstrate that Sca-1+PDGFRα- cell is a mesodermal progenitor cell that possesses both hematopoietic and mesenchymal potentials. In atherogenesis, the mobilization and infiltration of Sca-1+PDGFRα- progenitor cells were regulated by IL-1β and IL-5. These data provide a novel mechanism regarding the role of bipotent progenitor cells in atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Jai Cho
- Seoul National Univ Hosp, Seoul, Korea, Republic of
| | - Hyun-Ju Cho
- Seoul National Univ Hosp, Seoul, Korea, Republic of
| | | | | | - Hyo-Soo Kim
- Seoul National Univ Hosp, Seoul, Korea, Republic of
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30
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Ramesh T, Lee SH, Lee CS, Kwon YW, Cho HJ. Somatic cell dedifferentiation/reprogramming for regenerative medicine. Int J Stem Cells 2014; 2:18-27. [PMID: 24855516 DOI: 10.15283/ijsc.2009.2.1.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/30/2009] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The concept of dedifferentiation or reprogramming of a somatic cell into a pluripotent embryonic stem cell-like cell (ES-like cell), which give rise to three germ layers and differentiate various cell types, opens a new era in stem cell biology and provides potential therapeutic modality in regenerative medicine. Here, we outline current dedifferentiation/reprogramming methods and their technical hurdles, and the safety and therapeutic applications of reprogrammed pluripotent stem cells in regenerative medicine. This review summarizes the concept and data of somatic cell nuclear transfer, fusion of somatic cells with ES cells, viral or non-viral transduction of pluripotency-related genes into somatic cells, introduction of extract (or proteins) of pluripotent cells into somatic cells. Dedifferentiated/reprogrammed ES-like cells could be a perfect genetic match (autologous or tailored pluripotent stem cells) for future applications. Further studies regarding technical refinements as well as mechanistic analysis of dedifferentiation induction and re-differentiation into specific cell types will provide us with the substantial application of pluripotent stem cells to therapeutic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiyagarajan Ramesh
- Innovative Research Institute for Cell Therapy, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea ; National Research Laboratory for Cardiovascular Stem Cells, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sun-Hee Lee
- Innovative Research Institute for Cell Therapy, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea ; National Research Laboratory for Cardiovascular Stem Cells, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Choon-Soo Lee
- Innovative Research Institute for Cell Therapy, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea ; National Research Laboratory for Cardiovascular Stem Cells, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yoo-Wook Kwon
- Innovative Research Institute for Cell Therapy, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea ; National Research Laboratory for Cardiovascular Stem Cells, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyun-Jai Cho
- Innovative Research Institute for Cell Therapy, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea ; National Research Laboratory for Cardiovascular Stem Cells, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea ; Cardiovascular Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
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31
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Abstract
Ischemic heart disease, particularly acute myocardial infarction (MI), is the worldwide health care problem and the leading cause of morbidity and mortality. The fundamental treatment of MI remains a major unmet medical need. Although recent tremendous advances have been made in the treatment for acute MI such as percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and medical and surgical therapies, myocardial cell loss after ischemia and subsequent, adverse cardiac remodeling and heart failure are demanding for new therapeutic strategy. Since the first experimental studies of adult stem cell therapy into the ischemic heart were performed in the early 1990s, the identification and potential application of stem and/or progenitor cells has triggered attempts to regenerate damaged heart tissue and cell-based therapy is a promising option for treatment of MI. In this review, we would like to discuss the pathogenesis of acute MI, current standard treatments and their limitation, clinical results of recent stem or progenitor cell therapy which have shown a favorable safety profile with modest improvement in cardiac function, and putative mechanisms of benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoo-Wook Kwon
- Innovative Research Institute for Cell Therapy, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Han-Mo Yang
- Innovative Research Institute for Cell Therapy, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea ; Cardiovascular Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyun-Jai Cho
- Innovative Research Institute for Cell Therapy, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea ; Cardiovascular Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
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32
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Lee S, Lee HC, Kwon YW, Lee SE, Cho Y, Kim J, Lee S, Kim JY, Lee J, Yang HM, Mook-Jung I, Nam KY, Chung J, Lazar MA, Kim HS. Adenylyl cyclase-associated protein 1 is a receptor for human resistin and mediates inflammatory actions of human monocytes. Cell Metab 2014; 19:484-97. [PMID: 24606903 PMCID: PMC3969988 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2014.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2013] [Revised: 10/31/2013] [Accepted: 01/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Human resistin is a cytokine that induces low-grade inflammation by stimulating monocytes. Resistin-mediated chronic inflammation can lead to obesity, atherosclerosis, and other cardiometabolic diseases. Nevertheless, the receptor for human resistin has not been clarified. Here, we identified adenylyl cyclase-associated protein 1 (CAP1) as a functional receptor for human resistin and clarified its intracellular signaling pathway to modulate inflammatory action of monocytes. We found that human resistin directly binds to CAP1 in monocytes and upregulates cyclic AMP (cAMP) concentration, protein kinase A (PKA) activity, and NF-κB-related transcription of inflammatory cytokines. Overexpression of CAP1 in monocytes enhanced the resistin-induced increased activity of the cAMP-dependent signaling. Moreover, CAP1-overexpressed monocytes aggravated adipose tissue inflammation in transgenic mice that express human resistin from their monocytes. In contrast, suppression of CAP1 expression abrogated the resistin-mediated inflammatory activity both in vitro and in vivo. Therefore, CAP1 is the bona fide receptor for resistin leading to inflammation in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahmin Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 110-744, Korea; Department of Molecular Medicine & Biopharmaceutical Science, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology and College of Medicine, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 151-742, Korea
| | - Hyun-Chae Lee
- Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 110-744, Korea
| | - Yoo-Wook Kwon
- Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 110-744, Korea
| | - Sang Eun Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 110-744, Korea
| | - Youngjin Cho
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 110-744, Korea
| | - Joonoh Kim
- Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 110-744, Korea
| | - Soobeom Lee
- Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 110-744, Korea
| | - Ju-Young Kim
- Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 110-744, Korea
| | - Jaewon Lee
- Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 110-744, Korea
| | - Han-Mo Yang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 110-744, Korea
| | - Inhee Mook-Jung
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 110-744, Korea
| | - Ky-Youb Nam
- Bioinformatics & Molecular Design Research Center, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120-749, Korea; Gachon Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gachon University, 191 Hambakmoi-ro, Yonsu-gu, Incheon 406-813, Korea
| | - Junho Chung
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 110-744, Korea
| | - Mitchell A Lazar
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, and Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, 12-102 Smilow Center for Translational Research, 3400 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Hyo-Soo Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 110-744, Korea; Department of Molecular Medicine & Biopharmaceutical Science, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology and College of Medicine, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 151-742, Korea; Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 110-744, Korea.
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33
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Kwon YW, Chung YJ, Kim J, Lee HJ, Park J, Roh TY, Cho HJ, Yoon CH, Koo BK, Kim HS. Comparative study of efficacy of dopaminergic neuron differentiation between embryonic stem cell and protein-based induced pluripotent stem cell. PLoS One 2014; 9:e85736. [PMID: 24465672 PMCID: PMC3899054 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0085736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2013] [Accepted: 12/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In patients with Parkinson's disease (PD), stem cells can serve as therapeutic agents to restore or regenerate injured nervous system. Here, we differentiated two types of stem cells; mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs) and protein-based iPS cells (P-iPSCs) generated by non-viral methods, into midbrain dopaminergic (mDA) neurons, and then compared the efficiency of DA neuron differentiation from these two cell types. In the undifferentiated stage, P-iPSCs expressed pluripotency markers as ES cells did, indicating that protein-based reprogramming was stable and authentic. While both stem cell types were differentiated to the terminally-matured mDA neurons, P-iPSCs showed higher DA neuron-specific markers' expression than ES cells. To investigate the mechanism of the superior induction capacity of DA neurons observed in P-iPSCs compared to ES cells, we analyzed histone modifications by genome-wide ChIP sequencing analysis and their corresponding microarray results between two cell types. We found that Wnt signaling was up-regulated, while SFRP1, a counter-acting molecule of Wnt, was more suppressed in P-iPSCs than in mESCs. In PD rat model, transplantation of neural precursor cells derived from both cell types showed improved function. The present study demonstrates that P-iPSCs could be a suitable cell source to provide patient-specific therapy for PD without ethical problems or rejection issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoo-Wook Kwon
- National Research Laboratory for Stem Cell Niche, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
- Innovative Research Institute for Cell Therapy, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yeon-Ju Chung
- National Research Laboratory for Stem Cell Niche, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
- Innovative Research Institute for Cell Therapy, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Joonoh Kim
- National Research Laboratory for Stem Cell Niche, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
- Innovative Research Institute for Cell Therapy, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ho-Jae Lee
- National Research Laboratory for Stem Cell Niche, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
- Innovative Research Institute for Cell Therapy, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jihwan Park
- Division of Molecular and Life Sciences,Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Korea
| | - Tae-Young Roh
- Division of Molecular and Life Sciences,Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Korea
| | - Hyun-Jai Cho
- National Research Laboratory for Stem Cell Niche, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
- Innovative Research Institute for Cell Therapy, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chang-Hwan Yoon
- Cardiovascular center, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Bon-Kwon Koo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyo-Soo Kim
- National Research Laboratory for Stem Cell Niche, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
- Innovative Research Institute for Cell Therapy, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
- Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
- * E-mail:
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Yang HM, Kim BK, Kim JY, Kwon YW, Jin S, Lee JE, Cho HJ, Lee HY, Kang HJ, Oh BH, Park YB, Kim HS. PPARγ modulates vascular smooth muscle cell phenotype via a protein kinase G-dependent pathway and reduces neointimal hyperplasia after vascular injury. Exp Mol Med 2013; 45:e65. [PMID: 24287871 PMCID: PMC3849568 DOI: 10.1038/emm.2013.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2013] [Accepted: 08/01/2013] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) undergo phenotypic changes in response to vascular injury such as angioplasty. Protein kinase G (PKG) has an important role in the process of VSMC phenotype switching. In this study, we examined whether rosiglitazone, a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-γ agonist, could modulate VSMC phenotype through the PKG pathway to reduce neointimal hyperplasia after angioplasty. In vitro experiments showed that rosiglitazone inhibited the phenotype change of VSMCs from a contractile to a synthetic form. The platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-induced reduction of PKG level was reversed by rosiglitazone treatment, resulting in increased PKG activity. This increased activity of PKG resulted in phosphorylation of vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein at serine 239, leading to inhibited proliferation of VSMCs. Interestingly, rosiglitazone did not change the level of nitric oxide (NO) or cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP), which are upstream of PKG, suggesting that rosiglitazone influences PKG itself. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays for the PKG promoter showed that the activation of PKG by rosiglitazone was mediated by the increased binding of Sp1 on the promoter region of PKG. In vivo experiments showed that rosiglitazone significantly inhibited neointimal formation after balloon injury. Immunohistochemistry staining for calponin and thrombospondin showed that this effect of rosiglitazone was mediated by modulating VSMC phenotype. Our findings demonstrate that rosiglitazone is a potent modulator of VSMC phenotype, which is regulated by PKG. This activation of PKG by rosiglitazone results in reduced neointimal hyperplasia after angioplasty. These results provide important mechanistic insight into the cardiovascular-protective effect of PPARγ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Mo Yang
- National Research Laboratory for Stem Cell Niche, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
- Innovative Research Institute for Cell Therapy, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Baek-Kyung Kim
- National Research Laboratory for Stem Cell Niche, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Innovative Research Institute for Cell Therapy, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ju-Young Kim
- National Research Laboratory for Stem Cell Niche, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Innovative Research Institute for Cell Therapy, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yoo-Wook Kwon
- National Research Laboratory for Stem Cell Niche, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Innovative Research Institute for Cell Therapy, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sooryeonhwa Jin
- National Research Laboratory for Stem Cell Niche, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Innovative Research Institute for Cell Therapy, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Joo-Eun Lee
- National Research Laboratory for Stem Cell Niche, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Innovative Research Institute for Cell Therapy, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyun-Jai Cho
- National Research Laboratory for Stem Cell Niche, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
- Innovative Research Institute for Cell Therapy, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hae-Young Lee
- National Research Laboratory for Stem Cell Niche, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
- Innovative Research Institute for Cell Therapy, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyun-Jae Kang
- National Research Laboratory for Stem Cell Niche, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
- Innovative Research Institute for Cell Therapy, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Byung-Hee Oh
- National Research Laboratory for Stem Cell Niche, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
- Innovative Research Institute for Cell Therapy, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young-Bae Park
- National Research Laboratory for Stem Cell Niche, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
- Innovative Research Institute for Cell Therapy, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyo-Soo Kim
- National Research Laboratory for Stem Cell Niche, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
- Innovative Research Institute for Cell Therapy, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
- Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
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Kim YG, Oh IY, Kwon YW, Han JK, Yang HM, Park KW, Lee HY, Kang HJ, Koo BK, Kim HS. Mechanism of edge restenosis after drug-eluting stent implantation. Angulation at the edge and mechanical properties of the stent. Circ J 2013; 77:2928-35. [PMID: 24107326 DOI: 10.1253/circj.cj-12-1259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Edge restenosis is not an unusual finding after implantation of drug-eluting stents (DES). We hypothesized that mechanical stress imposed on the stent edge would cause vessel wall injury and inflammation, which may consequently lead to edge restenosis. METHODS AND RESULTS In total, 1,496 patients were implanted with a sirolimus-eluting stent (SES), paclitaxel-eluting stent (PES) or zotarolimus-eluting stent (ZES) in Seoul National University Hospital between 2007 and 2009. Binary restenosis occurred in 161 lesions in 119 patients. We retrospectively compared the 3 DES with regard to the percentage of edge stent restenosis among all cases of restenosis. We also evaluated the maximal, minimal, and Δ (maximal angle-minimal angle) angles. The percentage of edge restenosis was higher for SES than for ZES (37.5% vs. 16.7%, P=0.017). Maximal angle at the proximal edge was 64.82°±33.46° for 26 stents with proximal edge restenosis compared with 31.84°±31.51° for 89 stents without proximal edge restenosis (P=0.001). The Δ angle was also significantly different between the 2 groups (14.81°±15.98° vs. 7.60°±8.86°, P=0.035). Similar findings were observed for distal edge restenosis. Both the maximal angle (39.09°±21.04° vs. 22.71°±22.83°, P=0.010) and Δ angle (20.23°±15.39° vs. 9.18°±9.66°, P=0.016) at the distal edge were significantly different between the 2 groups. CONCLUSIONS Physical stress determined by angulation at the stent edge segment and biomechanical properties of the DES can be considered as one of the plausible mechanisms for edge stent restenosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Gi Kim
- Cardiovascular Center, Seoul National University Hospital
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Lee HJ, Cho HJ, Kwon YW, Park YB, Kim HS. Phenotypic modulation of human cardiospheres between stemness and paracrine activity, and implications for combined transplantation in cardiovascular regeneration. Biomaterials 2013; 34:9819-29. [PMID: 24075481 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2013.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2013] [Accepted: 09/04/2013] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
As the search for new cell types for cardiovascular regeneration continues, it has become increasingly important to optimize ex vivo cell processing. We aimed to develop an optimal processing strategy for human cardiac progenitor cells. We hypothesized that enhancing the stemness potential and promoting the secretory activity for paracrine effects are mutually exclusive routes. Therefore, we investigated the two divergent cell processing methods to enhance cellular potency and humoral activity, respectively. We obtained human right ventricular tissues and sequentially generated primary cardiosphere (CS), primary CS-derived cells (PCDC) and secondary CSs. During secondary CS formation, inhibiting the ERK pathway, using selective RTK1 and TGF-β inhibitors, Oct4 increased 20 fold and VEGF was decreased. When the ERK pathway was stimulated by addition of EGF and TGF-β, VEGF expression was upregulated and Oct4 was downregulated, indicating that the ERK pathway serves a directional role for cellular potency versus paracrine capacity. Transplantation of PCDCs or secondary CSs into the infarcted heart of immunocompromised mouse showed significant angiogenic effects compared with PBS injection. Interestingly, combined transplantation of the two differently-processed, dual-purpose secondary CSs resulted in an additional increase in neovascularization. Human VEGF was primarily produced from secondary CSs under ERK stimulating conditions. Cardiomyocyte-like cells were produced from secondary CSs under ERK inhibitory conditions. These findings indicate that combined transplantation of specifically-processed human secondary CSs enhances infarct repair through the complementary enhancement of cardiopoietic regenerative and paracrine protective effect. Furthermore, these results underscore the fact that optimal cell processing methods have the potential to maximize the therapeutic benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ho-Jae Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University Graduate School, Seoul, Republic of Korea; National Research Laboratory for Stem Cell Niche, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Innovative Research Institute for Cell Therapy, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Park KW, Kang J, Park JJ, Yang HM, Kwon YW, Lee HY, Kang HJ, Koo BK, Oh BH, Park YB, Kim HS. Thiazolidinedione usage is associated with decreased response to clopidogrel in DM patients. Int J Cardiol 2013; 168:608-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2013.01.225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2012] [Revised: 10/03/2012] [Accepted: 01/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Cho HJ, Hwang IC, Kim JY, Kim JH, Kwon YW, Park J, Yang HM, Park KW, Kim SH, Kim HS. Abstract 027: Therapeutic Potential of a Novel Necrosis Inhibitor in Myocardial Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury. Circ Res 2013. [DOI: 10.1161/res.113.suppl_1.a027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Reperfusion, although essential for salvage of myocardium in the myocardial infarction, paradoxically causes a wide variety of injuries. The opening of the mitochondrial permeability pore and Ca
2+
overload contribute to myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury.
Objectives:
Necrosis, the main mechanism of cell death during I/R injury to the myocardium, is an uncontrolled cell death, a pathologic condition accompanying inflammatory responses. We aimed to examine the protective role of this novel necrosis inhibitor against myocardial I/R injury using in vitro and in vivo models through anti-necrosis pathway.
Methods and Results:
Rat cardiomyocytes were exposed to hypoxia-reoxygenation injury after pretreatment with dimethyl sulfoxide (vehicle), necrosis inhibitor (NecX), antioxidant (vitamin C) or apoptosis inhibitor (Z-VAD-fmk). NecX-treated cells, compared with vehicle, showed fewer necrosis (Annexin-V/PI) (13.5±1.9% versus 44.1±3.1%; P=0.049) and more viable cells (fluorescein diacetate) (98.0±0.5% versus 51.3±2.1%; P=0.021). We next analyzed the mechanisms of cell death, mitochondrial membrane potential and mitochondrial Ca
2+
level. NecX-treated group showed higher mitochondrial membrane potential and lower Ca
2+
level, resulting in the prevention of mitochondrial swelling and necrosis. In the rat model of myocardial ischemia for 45 minutes followed by reperfusion, we compared the therapeutic efficacy of NecX and cyclosporine A (CsA) with 5% dextrose (control), each administrated 5 minutes before reperfusion. Pretreatment with NecX markedly inhibited myocardial necrosis (NecX, 7.8±7.8%; control, 65.4±2.4%, P=0.017; CsA, 32.3±5.1%, P=0.041) and reduced the area of fibrosis (NecX, 4.8±0.9%; control, 25.7±1.6%, P=0.011; CsA, 18.8±1.3%, P=0.006). Additionally, it preserved systolic function and prevented pathologic remodeling of left ventricle.
Conclusion:
The novel necrosis inhibitor demonstrates a significant protective effect against myocardial I/R injury and has advantages over CsA, based more on the direct necrosis inhibition on cardiomyocytes, indicating that it is a promising candidate for cardioprotective adjunctive therapy with reperfusion in patients with myocardial infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Jai Cho
- Seoul National Univ Hosp, Seoul, Korea, Republic of
| | | | - Ju-Young Kim
- Seoul National Univ Hosp, Seoul, Korea, Republic of
| | - Ji-Hyun Kim
- Seoul National Univ Hosp, Seoul, Korea, Republic of
| | | | | | - Han-Mo Yang
- Seoul National Univ Hosp, Seoul, Korea, Republic of
| | | | - Soon-Ha Kim
- R&D Park, LG Life Sciences Co., Ltd, Dae-Jeon, Korea, Republic of
| | - Hyo-Soo Kim
- Seoul National Univ Hosp, Seoul, Korea, Republic of
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Lee HY, Youn SW, Cho HJ, Kwon YW, Lee SW, Kim SJ, Park YB, Oh BH, Kim HS. FOXO1 impairs whereas statin protects endothelial function in diabetes through reciprocal regulation of Krüppel-like factor 2. Cardiovasc Res 2012; 97:143-52. [DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvs283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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Jang H, Kim TW, Yoon S, Choi SY, Kang TW, Kim SY, Kwon YW, Cho EJ, Youn HD. O-GlcNAc regulates pluripotency and reprogramming by directly acting on core components of the pluripotency network. Cell Stem Cell 2012; 11:62-74. [PMID: 22608532 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2012.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 237] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2011] [Revised: 01/20/2012] [Accepted: 03/01/2012] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
O-linked-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) has emerged as a critical regulator of diverse cellular processes, but its role in embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and pluripotency has not been investigated. Here we show that O-GlcNAcylation directly regulates core components of the pluripotency network. Blocking O-GlcNAcylation disrupts ESC self-renewal and reprogramming of somatic cells to induced pluripotent stem cells. The core reprogramming factors Oct4 and Sox2 are O-GlcNAcylated in ESCs, but the O-GlcNAc modification is rapidly removed upon differentiation. O-GlcNAc modification of threonine 228 in Oct4 regulates Oct4 transcriptional activity and is important for inducing many pluripotency-related genes, including Klf2, Klf5, Nr5a2, Tbx3, and Tcl1. A T228A point mutation that eliminates this O-GlcNAc modification reduces the capacity of Oct4 to maintain ESC self-renewal and reprogram somatic cells. Overall, our study makes a direct connection between O-GlcNAcylation of key regulatory transcription factors and the activity of the pluripotency network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyonchol Jang
- National Research Laboratory for Metabolic Checkpoint, Departments of Biomedical Sciences and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-799, Republic of Korea
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Cho HJ, Lee HJ, Youn SW, Koh SJ, Won JY, Chung YJ, Cho HJ, Yoon CH, Lee SW, Lee EJ, Kwon YW, Lee HY, Lee SH, Ho WK, Park YB, Kim HS. Secondary sphere formation enhances the functionality of cardiac progenitor cells. Mol Ther 2012; 20:1750-66. [PMID: 22713697 DOI: 10.1038/mt.2012.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Loss of cardiomyocytes impairs cardiac function after myocardial infarction (MI). Recent studies suggest that cardiac stem/progenitor cells could repair the damaged heart. However, cardiac progenitor cells are difficult to maintain in terms of purity and multipotency when propagated in two-dimensional culture systems. Here, we investigated a new strategy that enhances potency and enriches progenitor cells. We applied the repeated sphere formation strategy (cardiac explant → primary cardiosphere (CS) formation → sphere-derived cells (SDCs) in adherent culture condition → secondary CS formation by three-dimensional culture). Cells in secondary CS showed higher differentiation potentials than SDCs. When transplanted into the infarcted myocardium, secondary CSs engrafted robustly, improved left ventricular (LV) dysfunction, and reduced infarct sizes more than SDCs did. In addition to the cardiovascular differentiation of transplanted secondary CSs, robust vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) synthesis and secretion enhanced neovascularization in the infarcted myocardium. Microarray pathway analysis and blocking experiments using E-selectin knock-out hearts, specific chemicals, and small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) for each pathway revealed that E-selectin was indispensable to sphere initiation and ERK/Sp1/VEGF autoparacrine loop was responsible for sphere maturation. These results provide a simple strategy for enhancing cellular potency for cardiac repair. Furthermore, this strategy may be implemented to other types of stem/progenitor cell-based therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Jai Cho
- Cardiovascular Center & Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
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Chung JW, Park KH, Lee MH, Park KW, Park JS, Kang HJ, Koo BK, Kwon YW, Kim HS. Benefit of Complete Revascularization in Patients With Multivessel Coronary Disease in the Drug-Eluting Stent Era. Circ J 2012; 76:1624-1630. [DOI: 10.1253/circj.cj-11-1285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Wook Chung
- Cardiovascular Center, Seoul National University Hospital
- Cardiovascular Center, Soonchunhyang University Hospital
- Cardiovascular Center, Seoul National University Hospital
- Cardiovascular Center, Soonchunhyang University Hospital
| | - Keun-Ho Park
- Cardiovascular Center, Chonnam National University Hospital
- Cardiovascular Center, Chonnam National University Hospital
| | - Min-Ho Lee
- Cardiovascular Center, Seoul National University Hospital
- Cardiovascular Center, Seoul National University Hospital
| | - Kyung-Woo Park
- Cardiovascular Center, Seoul National University Hospital
- Cardiovascular Center, Seoul National University Hospital
| | - Jin-Shik Park
- Cardiovascular Center, Sejong Hospital
- Cardiovascular Center, Sejong Hospital
| | - Hyun-Jae Kang
- Cardiovascular Center, Seoul National University Hospital
- Cardiovascular Center, Seoul National University Hospital
| | - Bon-Kwon Koo
- Cardiovascular Center, Seoul National University Hospital
- Cardiovascular Center, Seoul National University Hospital
| | - Yoo-Wook Kwon
- Innovative Research Institute for Cardiovascular Stem Cells, Seoul National University Hospital
- Innovative Research Institute for Cardiovascular Stem Cells, Seoul National University Hospital
| | - Hyo-Soo Kim
- Cardiovascular Center, Seoul National University Hospital
- Innovative Research Institute for Cardiovascular Stem Cells, Seoul National University Hospital
- Molecular Medicine & Biopharmaceuticals Sciences, Seoul National University
- Cardiovascular Center, Seoul National University Hospital
- Innovative Research Institute for Cardiovascular Stem Cells, Seoul National University Hospital
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Han JK, Kim HL, Jeon KH, Choi YE, Lee HS, Kwon YW, Jang JJ, Cho HJ, Kang HJ, Oh BH, Park YB, Kim HS. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-δ activates endothelial progenitor cells to induce angio-myogenesis through matrix metallo-proteinase-9-mediated insulin-like growth factor-1 paracrine networks. Eur Heart J 2011; 34:1755-65. [PMID: 21920965 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehr365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS The roles of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-δ in vascular biology are mainly unknown. We investigated the effects of PPAR-δ activation on the paracrine networks between endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) and endothelial cells (ECs)/skeletal muscle. METHODS AND RESULTS Treatment of EPCs with GW501516, a PPAR-δ agonist, induced specifically matrix metallo-proteinase (MMP)-9 by direct transcriptional activation. Subsequently, this increased-MMP-9 broke down insulin-like growth factor-binding protein (IGFBP)-3, resulting in IGF-1 receptor (IGF-1R) activation in surrounding target cells. Treatment of conditioned medium from GW501516-stimulated EPCs enhanced the number and functions of human umbilical vein ECs and C2C12 myoblasts via MMP-9-mediated IGF-1R activation. Systemic administration of GW501516 in mice increased MMP-9 expression in EPCs, and augmented IGFBP-3 degradation in serum. In a mouse hindlimb ischaemia model, systemic treatment of GW501516 or local transplantation of GW501516-treated EPCs induced IGF-1R phosphorylation in ECs and skeletal muscle in the ischaemic limbs, leading to augmented angiogenesis and skeletal muscle regeneration. It also enhanced wound healing with increased angiogenesis in a mouse skin punch wound model. These pro-angiogenic and muscle-regenerating effects were abolished by MMP-9 knock-out. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that PPAR-δ is a crucial modulator of angio-myogenesis via the paracrine effects of EPCs, and its agonist is a good candidate as a therapeutic drug for patients with peripheral vascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Kyu Han
- National Research Laboratory for Cardiovascular Stem Cell, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Kim SY, Kwon YW, Jung IL, Sung JH, Park SG. Tauroursodeoxycholate (TUDCA) inhibits neointimal hyperplasia by suppression of ERK via PKCα-mediated MKP-1 induction. Cardiovasc Res 2011; 92:307-16. [PMID: 21840882 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvr219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Hyperplasia of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) after blood vessel injury is one of the major pathophysiological mechanisms associated with neointima. Tauroursodeoxycholate (TUDCA) is a cytoprotective agent in a variety of cells including hepatocytes as well as an inducer of apoptosis in cancer cells. In this study, we investigated whether TUDCA could prevent neointimal hyperplasia by suppressing the growth and migration of VSMCs. METHODS AND RESULTS Transporters of TUDCA uptake in human VSMCs (hVSMCs) were analysed by RT-PCR and western blot. A knock-down experiment using specific si-RNA revealed that TUDCA was incorporated into hVSMCs via organic anion transporter 2 (OATP2). TUDCA reduced the viability of hVSMCs, which were mediated by inhibition of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) by induction of mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase-1 (MKP-1) via protein kinase Cα (PKCα). The anti-proliferative effect of TUDCA was reversed by treatment with 7-hydroxystaurosporine, an inhibitor of PKC, and by the knock-down of MKP-1. In addition, TUDCA suppressed hVSMC migration, which was mediated by reduced matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) expression by ERK inhibition, as well as reduced viability of hVSMCs. Rats with carotid artery balloon injury received oral administration of TUDCA; this reduced the increase in ERK and MMP-9 caused by balloon injury. TUDCA significantly decreased the ratio of intima to media by reducing proliferation and inducing apoptosis of the VSMCs. CONCLUSION TUDCA inhibits neointimal hyperplasia by reducing proliferation and inducing apoptosis of smooth muscle cells by suppression of ERK via PKCα-mediated MKP-1 induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seo Yoon Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, 606-16, Yeoksamdong, Kangnamgu, Seoul 135-081, Republic of Korea
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Kwon YW, Ju IC, Kim SK, Choi YS, Kim MH, Yoo SH, Kang DH, Sung HK, Shin K, Ko CG. Nano-scaled Pt/Ag/Ni/Au contacts on p-type GaN for low contact resistance and high reflectivity. J Nanosci Nanotechnol 2011; 11:6157-6161. [PMID: 22121677 DOI: 10.1166/jnn.2011.4351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We synthesized the vertical-structured LED (VLED) using nano-scaled Pt between p-type GaN and Ag-based reflector. The metallization scheme on p-type GaN for high reflectance and low was the nano-scaled Pt/Ag/Ni/Au. Nano-scaled Pt (5 A) on Ag/Ni/Au exhibited reasonably high reflectance of 86.2% at the wavelength of 460 nm due to high transmittance of light through nano-scaled Pt (5 A) onto Ag layer. Ohmic behavior of contact metal, Pt/Ag/Ni/Au, to p-type GaN was achieved using surface treatments of p-type GaN prior to the deposition of contact metals and the specific contact resistance was observed with decreasing Pt thickness of 5 A, resulting in 1.5 x 10(-4) ohms cm2. Forward voltages of Pt (5 A)/Ag/Ni contact to p-type GaN showed 4.19 V with the current injection of 350 mA. Output voltages with various thickness of Pt showed the highest value at the smallest thickness of Pt due to its high transmittance of light onto Ag, leading to high reflectance. Our results propose that nano-scaled Pt/Ag/Ni could act as a promising contact metal to p-type GaN for improving the performance of VLEDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y W Kwon
- Korea Advanced Nano fab Center (KANC), Suwon 443-270, Republic of Korea
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Sung HK, Kwon YW, Kim SK, Lee BO, Choi JH, Ju IC, Park MH, Shin K, Ko CG. Performance of GaN vertical light emitting diodes using wafer bonding process with Al-alloyed graphite substrate. J Nanosci Nanotechnol 2011; 11:6271-6274. [PMID: 22121700 DOI: 10.1166/jnn.2011.4352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We report on the vertical-structure light emitting diodes (VLEDs) fabricated with wafer bonding method using Al-alloyed graphite and Si supporter. VLEDs with Al-alloyed graphite produced no crack during/after laser lift-off (LLO) techniques while the wafer crack took place using Si supporter because of the difference of thermal expansion coefficients between Si and sapphire. The performance of VLEDs with wafer bonding method using Al-alloyed graphite supporter was compared to those fabricated by Cu plating methods. The output power of the chips with wafer bonding method was nearly same as the one with Cu-plating method. However, the forward voltage of VLEDs with wafer bonding method was higher than those with Cu-plating method. In the terms of reliabilities the wafer bonding process is more preferable to Cu-plating and our report proposes that Al-alloyed graphite could be one of promising candidates for the supporters in wafer bonding process.
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Affiliation(s)
- H K Sung
- Korea Advanced Nano fab Center (KANC), Suwon 443-270, Republic of Korea
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Cho Y, Lee SE, Lee HC, Hur J, Lee S, Youn SW, Lee J, Lee HJ, Lee TK, Park J, Hwang SJ, Kwon YW, Cho HJ, Oh BH, Park YB, Kim HS. Adipokine resistin is a key player to modulate monocytes, endothelial cells, and smooth muscle cells, leading to progression of atherosclerosis in rabbit carotid artery. J Am Coll Cardiol 2011; 57:99-109. [PMID: 21185508 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2010.07.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2010] [Revised: 07/06/2010] [Accepted: 07/12/2010] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We investigated the effects of human resistin on atherosclerotic progression and clarified its underlying mechanisms. BACKGROUND Resistin is an adipokine first identified as a mediator of insulin resistance in murine obesity models. But, its role in human pathology is under debate. Although a few recent studies suggested the relationship between resistin and atherosclerosis in humans, the causal relationship and underlying mechanism have not been clarified. METHODS We cloned rabbit resistin, which showed 78% identity to human resistin at the complementary deoxyribonucleic acid level, and its expression was examined in 3 different atherosclerotic rabbit models. To evaluate direct role of resistin on atherosclerosis, collared rabbit carotid arteries were used. Histological and cell biologic analyses were performed. RESULTS Rabbit resistin was expressed by macrophages of the plaque in the 3 different atherosclerotic models. Peri-adventitial resistin gene transfer induced macrophage infiltration and expression of various inflammatory cytokines, resulting in the acceleration of plaque growth and destabilization. In vitro experiments elucidated that resistin increased monocyte-endothelial cell adhesion by upregulating very late antigen-4 on monocytes and their counterpart vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 on endothelial cells. Resistin augmented monocyte infiltration in collagen by direct chemoattractive effect as well as by enhancing migration toward monocyte chemotactic protein-1. Administration of connecting segment-1 peptide, which blocks very late antigen-4 × vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 interaction, ameliorated neointimal growth induced by resistin in vivo. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that resistin aggravates atherosclerosis by stimulating monocytes, endothelial cells, and vascular smooth muscle cells to induce vascular inflammation. These findings provide the first insight on the causal relationship between resistin and atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youngjin Cho
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Jin J, Kwon YW, Paek JS, Cho HJ, Yu J, Lee JY, Chu IS, Park IH, Park YB, Kim HS, Kim Y. Analysis of differential proteomes of induced pluripotent stem cells by protein-based reprogramming of fibroblasts. J Proteome Res 2011; 10:977-89. [PMID: 21175196 DOI: 10.1021/pr100624f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The recent generation of induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells represents a novel opportunity to complement embryonic stem (ES) cell-based approaches. iPS cells can be generated by viral transduction of specific transcription factors, but there is a potential risk of tumorigenicity by random retroviral integration. We have generated novel iPS (sFB-protein-iPS) cells from murine dermal fibroblasts (FVB-sFB) that have ES cell characteristics, using ES cell-derived cell extracts instead of performing viral transduction. Notably, only cell extracts from an ES cell line (C57-mES) on the C57/BL6 background generated iPS cells in our protocol-not an ES cell line (E14-mES) on the 129 background. Hypothesizing that determining the differences in these 2 mES cell lines will provide vital insight into the reprogramming machinery, we performed proteomic and global gene expression analysis by iTRAQ and mRNA microarray, respectively. We observed that pluripotent ES cells and ES cell extract-derived iPS cells had differential proteomes and global gene expression patterns. Notably, reprogramming-competent C57-mES cells highly expressed proteins that regulate protein synthesis and metabolism, compared with reprogramming-incompetent 129-mES cells, suggesting that there is a threshold that protein synthetic machinery must exceed to initiate reprogramming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonghwa Jin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Renaud S, Loukinov D, Alberti L, Vostrov A, Kwon YW, Bosman FT, Lobanenkov V, Benhattar J. BORIS/CTCFL-mediated transcriptional regulation of the hTERT telomerase gene in testicular and ovarian tumor cells. Nucleic Acids Res 2010; 39:862-73. [PMID: 20876690 PMCID: PMC3035453 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkq827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Telomerase activity, not detectable in somatic cells but frequently activated during carcinogenesis, confers immortality to tumors. Mechanisms governing expression of the catalytic subunit hTERT, the limiting factor for telomerase activity, still remain unclear. We previously proposed a model in which the binding of the transcription factor CTCF to the two first exons of hTERT results in transcriptional inhibition in normal cells. This inhibition is abrogated, however, by methylation of CTCF binding sites in 85% of tumors. Here, we showed that hTERT was unmethylated in testicular and ovarian tumors and in derivative cell lines. We demonstrated that CTCF and its paralogue, BORIS/CTCFL, were both present in the nucleus of the same cancer cells and bound to the first exon of hTERT in vivo. Moreover, exogenous BORIS expression in normal BORIS-negative cells was sufficient to activate hTERT transcription with an increasing number of cell passages. Thus, expression of BORIS was sufficient to allow hTERT transcription in normal cells and to counteract the inhibitory effect of CTCF in testicular and ovarian tumor cells. These results define an important contribution of BORIS to immortalization during tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphanie Renaud
- Institute of Pathology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
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Kim JY, Cho HJ, Sir JJ, Kim BK, Hur J, Youn SW, Yang HM, Jun SI, Park KW, Hwang SJ, Kwon YW, Lee HY, Kang HJ, Oh BH, Park YB, Kim HS. Sulfasalazine induces haem oxygenase-1 via ROS-dependent Nrf2 signalling, leading to control of neointimal hyperplasia. Cardiovasc Res 2009; 82:550-60. [PMID: 19234301 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvp072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Inflammation, and the subsequent proliferative activity of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), is one of the major pathophysiological mechanisms associated with neointimal hyperplasia following vascular injury. Although sulfasalazine (SSZ) has been used as an anti-inflammatory and immune-modulatory agent in various inflammatory diseases, its primary targets and therapeutic effects on vascular disease have not yet been determined. We investigated whether SSZ could suppress VSMC growth and prevent neointimal hyperplasia. METHODS AND RESULTS SSZ was found to have pro-apoptotic and anti-proliferative activity in cultured VSMCs. Unexpectedly, these effects were not mediated by nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappaB) inhibition, which has been suggested to be the anti-inflammatory mechanism associated with the effects of SSZ. Instead, cell-cycle arrest of the VSMCs was observed, which was mediated by induction of haem oxygenase-1 (HO-1) followed by an increased expression of p21(waf1/Cip1). The underlying mechanism for SSZ-induced HO-1 expression was by reactive oxygen species (ROS)-dependent nuclear translocation and activation of nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 (Nrf2). In a rat carotid artery balloon injury model, administration of SSZ significantly suppressed neointimal growth. In a series of reverse experiments, inhibition of HO-1 by shRNA, ROS by N-acetylcysteine (NAC) or Nrf2 by dominant-negative Nrf2 abrogated the beneficial effects of SSZ. CONCLUSION Our data demonstrate that SSZ inhibits VSMC proliferation in vitro and in vivo through a novel signalling pathway and may be a promising therapeutic option for the treatment of proliferative vascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju-Young Kim
- National Research Laboratory on Cardiovascular Stem Cell, Seoul National University, College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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