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Jeong K, Choi J, Choi A, Shim J, Kim YA, Oh C, Youn HD, Cho EJ. Determination of HIF-1α degradation pathways via modulation of the propionyl mark. BMB Rep 2023; 56:252-257. [PMID: 36789561 PMCID: PMC10140483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The hypoxia-inducible factor-1α(HIF-1α) is a key regulator of hypoxic stress under physiological and pathological conditions. HIF-1α protein stability is tightly regulated by the ubiquitin-proteasome system(UPS) and autophagy in normoxia, hypoxia, and the tumor environment to mediate the hypoxic response. However, the mechanisms of how the UPS and autophagy interplay for HIF-1α proteostasis remain unclear. Here, we found a HIF-1α species propionylated at lysine(K) 709 by p300/CREB binding protein(CBP). HIF-1α stability and the choice of degradation pathway were affected by HIF-1α propionylation. K709-propionylation prevented HIF-1α from degradation through the UPS, while activated chaperon-mediated autophagy(CMA) induced the degradation of propionylated and nonpropionylated HIF-1α. CMA contributed to HIF-1α degradation in both normoxia and hypoxia. Furthermore, the pan-cancer analysis showed that CMA had a significant positive correlation with the hypoxic signatures, whereas SIRT1, responsible for K709-depropionylation correlated negatively with them. Altogether, our results revealed a novel mechanism of HIF-1α distribution into two different degradation pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Eun-Jung Cho
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
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2
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Jeong K, Choi J, Choi A, Shim J, Kim YA, Oh C, Youn HD, Cho EJ. Determination of HIF-1α degradation pathways via modulation of the propionyl mark. BMB Rep 2023. [DOI: 10.5483/bmbrep.2022-0191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jinmi Choi
- Seoul National University College of Medicine
| | - Ahrum Choi
- Seoul National University College of Medicine
| | - Joohee Shim
- Seoul National University College of Medicine
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Kim T, Jeong K, Kim E, Yoon K, Choi J, Park JH, Kim JH, Kim HS, Youn HD, Cho EJ. Menin Enhances Androgen Receptor-Independent Proliferation and Migration of Prostate Cancer Cells. Mol Cells 2022; 45:202-215. [PMID: 35014621 PMCID: PMC9001152 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2021.0206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The androgen receptor (AR) is an important therapeutic target for treating prostate cancer (PCa). Moreover, there is an increasing need for understanding the AR-independent progression of tumor cells such as neuroendocrine prostate cancer (NEPC). Menin, which is encoded by multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1), serves as a direct link between AR and the mixed-lineage leukemia (MLL) complex in PCa development by activating AR target genes through histone H3 lysine 4 methylation. Although menin is a critical component of AR signaling, its tumorigenic role in AR-independent PCa cells remains unknown. Here, we compared the role of menin in AR-positive and AR-negative PCa cells via RNAi-mediated or pharmacological inhibition of menin. We demonstrated that menin was involved in tumor cell growth and metastasis in PCa cells with low or deficient levels of AR. The inhibition of menin significantly diminished the growth of PCa cells and induced apoptosis, regardless of the presence of AR. Additionally, transcriptome analysis showed that the expression of many metastasis-associated genes was perturbed by menin inhibition in AR-negative DU145 cells. Furthermore, wound-healing assay results showed that menin promoted cell migration in AR-independent cellular contexts. Overall, these findings suggest a critical function of menin in tumorigenesis and provide a rationale for drug development against menin toward targeting high-risk metastatic PCa, especially those independent of AR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taewan Kim
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - Kwanyoung Jeong
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - Eunji Kim
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - Kwanghyun Yoon
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - Jinmi Choi
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - Jae Hyeon Park
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - Jae-Hwan Kim
- NineBiopharm, Co., Ltd., Cheongju 28161, Korea
- National Creative Research Center for Epigenome Reprogramming Network, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Hyung Sik Kim
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - Hong-Duk Youn
- National Creative Research Center for Epigenome Reprogramming Network, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Eun-Jung Cho
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
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Lee HT, Lee IH, Kim JH, Lee S, Kwak S, Suh MY, Hwang IY, Kang BG, Cha SS, Lee BI, Lee SE, Choi J, Roe JS, Cho EJ, Youn HD. Phosphorylation of OGFOD1 by Cell Cycle-Dependent Kinase 7/9 Enhances the Transcriptional Activity of RNA Polymerase II in Breast Cancer Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13143418. [PMID: 34298635 PMCID: PMC8304009 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13143418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Among the causes of accelerating cancer properties, dysregulated transcription is considerably prominent in many cancers. However, it is difficult to target transcriptional machineries due to their fundamental importance. Compared to breast cancer cell lines, we found that OGFOD1 aggravates cancers by enhancing RNA polymerase II transcriptional activity and it is improved by cell cycle-dependent kinases. Overall, we uncovered the novel mechanism for how OGFOD1 maliciously functions in breast cancers, suggesting it as a rational cancer treatment target protein. Abstract 2-oxoglutarate and iron-dependent oxygenase domain-containing protein 1 (OGFOD1) expression is upregulated in a variety of cancers and has been related to poor prognosis. However, despite this significance to cancer progression, the precise oncogenic mechanism of OGFOD1 is not understood. We demonstrated that OGFOD1 plays a role in enhancing the transcriptional activity of RNA polymerase II in breast cancer cells. OGFOD1 directly binds to the C-terminal domain of RNA polymerase II to alter phosphorylation status. The elimination of OGFOD1 resulted in decreased tumor development. Additionally, cell cycle-dependent kinase 7 and cell cycle-dependent kinase 9, critical enzymes for activating RNA polymerase II, phosphorylated serine 256 of OGFOD1, whereas a non-phosphorylated mutant OGFOD1 failed to enhance transcriptional activation and tumor growth. Consequently, OGFOD1 helps promote tumor growth by enhancing RNA polymerase II, whereas simultaneous phosphorylation of OGFOD1 by CDK enzymes is essential in stimulating RNA polymerase II-mediated transcription both in vitro and in vivo, and expression of target genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Teo Lee
- National Creative Research Center for Epigenome Reprogramming Network, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ischemic/Hypoxic Disease Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea; (H.-T.L.); (I.-H.L.); (J.-H.K.); (S.L.); (S.K.); (M.-Y.S.); (I.-Y.H.); (J.C.)
- Department of Molecular Medicine & Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Il-Hwan Lee
- National Creative Research Center for Epigenome Reprogramming Network, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ischemic/Hypoxic Disease Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea; (H.-T.L.); (I.-H.L.); (J.-H.K.); (S.L.); (S.K.); (M.-Y.S.); (I.-Y.H.); (J.C.)
| | - Jae-Hwan Kim
- National Creative Research Center for Epigenome Reprogramming Network, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ischemic/Hypoxic Disease Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea; (H.-T.L.); (I.-H.L.); (J.-H.K.); (S.L.); (S.K.); (M.-Y.S.); (I.-Y.H.); (J.C.)
| | - Sangho Lee
- National Creative Research Center for Epigenome Reprogramming Network, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ischemic/Hypoxic Disease Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea; (H.-T.L.); (I.-H.L.); (J.-H.K.); (S.L.); (S.K.); (M.-Y.S.); (I.-Y.H.); (J.C.)
- Department of Molecular Medicine & Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Sojung Kwak
- National Creative Research Center for Epigenome Reprogramming Network, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ischemic/Hypoxic Disease Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea; (H.-T.L.); (I.-H.L.); (J.-H.K.); (S.L.); (S.K.); (M.-Y.S.); (I.-Y.H.); (J.C.)
| | - Min-Young Suh
- National Creative Research Center for Epigenome Reprogramming Network, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ischemic/Hypoxic Disease Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea; (H.-T.L.); (I.-H.L.); (J.-H.K.); (S.L.); (S.K.); (M.-Y.S.); (I.-Y.H.); (J.C.)
| | - In-Young Hwang
- National Creative Research Center for Epigenome Reprogramming Network, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ischemic/Hypoxic Disease Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea; (H.-T.L.); (I.-H.L.); (J.-H.K.); (S.L.); (S.K.); (M.-Y.S.); (I.-Y.H.); (J.C.)
| | - Bu-Gyeong Kang
- Department of Chemistry & Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea; (B.-G.K.); (S.-S.C.)
| | - Sun-Shin Cha
- Department of Chemistry & Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea; (B.-G.K.); (S.-S.C.)
| | - Byung-Il Lee
- Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang-si 10408, Korea;
| | - Sang-Eun Lee
- Cardiology Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Korea;
| | - Jinmi Choi
- National Creative Research Center for Epigenome Reprogramming Network, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ischemic/Hypoxic Disease Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea; (H.-T.L.); (I.-H.L.); (J.-H.K.); (S.L.); (S.K.); (M.-Y.S.); (I.-Y.H.); (J.C.)
- College of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea;
| | - Jae-Seok Roe
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea;
| | - Eun-Jung Cho
- College of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea;
| | - Hong-Duk Youn
- National Creative Research Center for Epigenome Reprogramming Network, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ischemic/Hypoxic Disease Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea; (H.-T.L.); (I.-H.L.); (J.-H.K.); (S.L.); (S.K.); (M.-Y.S.); (I.-Y.H.); (J.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-2-740-8250; Fax: +82-2-3668-7622
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Jo C, Park S, Oh S, Choi J, Kim EK, Youn HD, Cho EJ. Histone acylation marks respond to metabolic perturbations and enable cellular adaptation. Exp Mol Med 2020; 52:2005-2019. [PMID: 33311704 PMCID: PMC8080766 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-020-00539-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Acetylation is the most studied histone acyl modification and has been recognized as a fundamental player in metabolic gene regulation, whereas other short-chain acyl modifications have only been recently identified, and little is known about their dynamics or molecular functions at the intersection of metabolism and epigenetic gene regulation. In this study, we aimed to understand the link between nonacetyl histone acyl modification, metabolic transcriptional regulation, and cellular adaptation. Using antibodies specific for butyrylated, propionylated, and crotonylated H3K23, we analyzed dynamic changes of H3K23 acylation upon various metabolic challenges. Here, we show that H3K23 modifications were highly responsive and reversibly regulated by nutrient availability. These modifications were commonly downregulated by the depletion of glucose and recovered based on glucose or fatty acid availability. Depletion of metabolic enzymes, namely, ATP citrate lyase, carnitine acetyltransferase, and acetyl-CoA synthetase, which are involved in Ac-CoA synthesis, resulted in global loss of H3K23 butyrylation, crotonylation, propionylation, and acetylation, with a profound impact on gene expression and cellular metabolic states. Our data indicate that Ac-CoA/CoA and central metabolic inputs are important for the maintenance of histone acylation. Additionally, genome-wide analysis revealed that acyl modifications are associated with gene activation. Our study shows that histone acylation acts as an immediate and reversible metabolic sensor enabling cellular adaptation to metabolic stress by reprogramming gene expression. Tracking the modification of a protein essential to chromosome structure could indicate the metabolic state of cells. Histone proteins provide structural support for chromosomes, and their modification influences metabolic signaling and gene expression. One possible modification adds an acyl group to the histone (acylation). Eun-Jung Cho at Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea, and co-workers explored acylation of histone H3K23 under specific metabolic challenges, including reduced availability of glucose and metabolic enzymes. Mammalian cells rapidly alter gene expression in response to nutrient availability, enabling them to adapt under stress. The team found that H3K23 modifications were directly linked with nutrient availability and metabolic enzyme levels. H3K23 acylation specifically reprogrammed gene expression under stress conditions, suggesting that histone acylation is part of a critical sensor system that helps cells adapt to stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chanhee Jo
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, 440-746, Republic of Korea
| | - Seokjae Park
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology, Daegu, 42988, Republic of Korea.,Neurometabolomics Research Center, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology, Daegu, 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungjoon Oh
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology, Daegu, 42988, Republic of Korea.,Neurometabolomics Research Center, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology, Daegu, 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinmi Choi
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, 440-746, Republic of Korea.,National Creative Research Center for Epigenome Reprogramming Network, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Kyoung Kim
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology, Daegu, 42988, Republic of Korea.,Neurometabolomics Research Center, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology, Daegu, 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong-Duk Youn
- National Creative Research Center for Epigenome Reprogramming Network, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Jung Cho
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, 440-746, Republic of Korea.
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Kim DK, Song B, Han S, Jang H, Bae SH, Kim HY, Lee SH, Lee S, Kim JK, Kim HS, Hong KM, Lee BI, Youn HD, Kim SY, Kang SW, Jang H. Phosphorylation of OCT4 Serine 236 Inhibits Germ Cell Tumor Growth by Inducing Differentiation. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12092601. [PMID: 32932964 PMCID: PMC7565739 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12092601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Octamer-binding transcription factor 4 (OCT4) plays an important role in early embryonic development, but is rarely expressed in adults. However, in many cancer cells, this gene is re-expressed, making the cancer malignant. This present study revealed that inhibiting OCT4 transcriptional activity induces cancer cell differentiation and growth retardation. Specifically, when the phosphorylation of OCT4 serine 236 increases by interfering with the binding of protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) to OCT4, OCT4 loses its transcriptional activity and cancer cells differentiate. Therefore, this study presents the basis for the development of protein-protein interaction inhibitors that inhibit the binding of OCT4 and PP1 for cancer treatment. Abstract Octamer-binding transcription factor 4 (Oct4) plays an important role in maintaining pluripotency in embryonic stem cells and is closely related to the malignancies of various cancers. Although posttranslational modifications of Oct4 have been widely studied, most of these have not yet been fully characterized, especially in cancer. In this study, we investigated the role of phosphorylation of serine 236 of OCT4 [OCT4 (S236)] in human germ cell tumors (GCTs). OCT4 was phosphorylated at S236 in a cell cycle-dependent manner in a patient sample and GCT cell lines. The substitution of endogenous OCT4 by a mimic of phosphorylated OCT4 with a serine-to-aspartate mutation at S236 (S236D) resulted in tumor cell differentiation, growth retardation, and inhibition of tumor sphere formation. GCT cells expressing OCT4 S236D instead of endogenous OCT4 were similar to cells with OCT4 depletion at the mRNA transcript level as well as in the phenotype. OCT4 S236D also induced tumor cell differentiation and growth retardation in mouse xenograft experiments. Inhibition of protein phosphatase 1 by chemicals or short hairpin RNAs increased phosphorylation at OCT4 (S236) and resulted in the differentiation of GCTs. These results reveal the role of OCT4 (S236) phosphorylation in GCTs and suggest a new strategy for suppressing OCT4 in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Keon Kim
- Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang 10408, Korea; (D.K.K.); (B.S.); (S.H.); (H.J.); (S.-H.B.); (H.Y.K.); (S.-H.L.); (S.L.); (J.K.K.); (K.-M.H.); (B.I.L.); (S.-Y.K.)
| | - Bomin Song
- Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang 10408, Korea; (D.K.K.); (B.S.); (S.H.); (H.J.); (S.-H.B.); (H.Y.K.); (S.-H.L.); (S.L.); (J.K.K.); (K.-M.H.); (B.I.L.); (S.-Y.K.)
- Department of Life Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea;
| | - Suji Han
- Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang 10408, Korea; (D.K.K.); (B.S.); (S.H.); (H.J.); (S.-H.B.); (H.Y.K.); (S.-H.L.); (S.L.); (J.K.K.); (K.-M.H.); (B.I.L.); (S.-Y.K.)
| | - Hansol Jang
- Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang 10408, Korea; (D.K.K.); (B.S.); (S.H.); (H.J.); (S.-H.B.); (H.Y.K.); (S.-H.L.); (S.L.); (J.K.K.); (K.-M.H.); (B.I.L.); (S.-Y.K.)
- Department of Cancer Biomedical Science, National Cancer Center Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, Goyang 10408, Korea
| | - Seung-Hyun Bae
- Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang 10408, Korea; (D.K.K.); (B.S.); (S.H.); (H.J.); (S.-H.B.); (H.Y.K.); (S.-H.L.); (S.L.); (J.K.K.); (K.-M.H.); (B.I.L.); (S.-Y.K.)
- Department of Cancer Biomedical Science, National Cancer Center Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, Goyang 10408, Korea
| | - Hee Yeon Kim
- Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang 10408, Korea; (D.K.K.); (B.S.); (S.H.); (H.J.); (S.-H.B.); (H.Y.K.); (S.-H.L.); (S.L.); (J.K.K.); (K.-M.H.); (B.I.L.); (S.-Y.K.)
- Department of Life Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea;
| | - Seon-Hyeong Lee
- Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang 10408, Korea; (D.K.K.); (B.S.); (S.H.); (H.J.); (S.-H.B.); (H.Y.K.); (S.-H.L.); (S.L.); (J.K.K.); (K.-M.H.); (B.I.L.); (S.-Y.K.)
| | - Seungjin Lee
- Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang 10408, Korea; (D.K.K.); (B.S.); (S.H.); (H.J.); (S.-H.B.); (H.Y.K.); (S.-H.L.); (S.L.); (J.K.K.); (K.-M.H.); (B.I.L.); (S.-Y.K.)
- Department of Cancer Biomedical Science, National Cancer Center Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, Goyang 10408, Korea
| | - Jong Kwang Kim
- Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang 10408, Korea; (D.K.K.); (B.S.); (S.H.); (H.J.); (S.-H.B.); (H.Y.K.); (S.-H.L.); (S.L.); (J.K.K.); (K.-M.H.); (B.I.L.); (S.-Y.K.)
| | - Han-Seong Kim
- Department of Pathology, Inje University Ilsan Paik Hospital, Goyang 10308, Korea;
| | - Kyeong-Man Hong
- Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang 10408, Korea; (D.K.K.); (B.S.); (S.H.); (H.J.); (S.-H.B.); (H.Y.K.); (S.-H.L.); (S.L.); (J.K.K.); (K.-M.H.); (B.I.L.); (S.-Y.K.)
| | - Byung Il Lee
- Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang 10408, Korea; (D.K.K.); (B.S.); (S.H.); (H.J.); (S.-H.B.); (H.Y.K.); (S.-H.L.); (S.L.); (J.K.K.); (K.-M.H.); (B.I.L.); (S.-Y.K.)
- Department of Cancer Biomedical Science, National Cancer Center Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, Goyang 10408, Korea
| | - Hong-Duk Youn
- National Creative Research Center for Epigenome Reprogramming Network, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ischemic/Hypoxic Disease Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080; Korea;
| | - Soo-Youl Kim
- Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang 10408, Korea; (D.K.K.); (B.S.); (S.H.); (H.J.); (S.-H.B.); (H.Y.K.); (S.-H.L.); (S.L.); (J.K.K.); (K.-M.H.); (B.I.L.); (S.-Y.K.)
| | - Sang Won Kang
- Department of Life Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea;
| | - Hyonchol Jang
- Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang 10408, Korea; (D.K.K.); (B.S.); (S.H.); (H.J.); (S.-H.B.); (H.Y.K.); (S.-H.L.); (S.L.); (J.K.K.); (K.-M.H.); (B.I.L.); (S.-Y.K.)
- Department of Cancer Biomedical Science, National Cancer Center Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, Goyang 10408, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-31-920-2239
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7
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Kim HJ, Shin J, Lee S, Kim TW, Jang H, Suh MY, Kim JH, Hwang IY, Hwang DS, Cho EJ, Youn HD. Cyclin-dependent kinase 1 activity coordinates the chromatin associated state of Oct4 during cell cycle in embryonic stem cells. Nucleic Acids Res 2019; 46:6544-6560. [PMID: 29901724 PMCID: PMC6061841 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gky371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2017] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (Cdk1) is indispensable for embryonic stem cell (ESC) maintenance and embryo development. Even though some reports have described a connection between Cdk1 and Oct4, there is no evidence that Cdk1 activity is directly linked to the ESC pluripotency transcription program. We recently reported that Aurkb/PP1-mediated Oct4 resetting is important to cell cycle maintenance and pluripotency in mouse ESCs (mESCs). In this study, we show that Cdk1 is an upstream regulator of the Oct4 phosphorylation state during cell cycle progression, and it coordinates the chromatin associated state of Oct4 for pluripotency-related gene expression within the cell cycle. Upon entry into mitosis, Aurkb in the chromosome passenger complex becomes fully activated and PP1 activity is inhibited downstream of Cdk1 activation, leading to sustaining Oct4(S229) phosphorylation and dissociation of Oct4 from chromatin during the mitotic phase. Cdk1 inhibition at the mitotic phase abnormally results in Oct4 dephosphorylation, chromosome decondensation and chromatin association of Oct4, even in replicated chromosome. Our study results suggest a molecular mechanism by which Cdk1 directly links the cell cycle to the pluripotency transcription program in mESCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Ji Kim
- National Creative Research Center for Epigenome Reprogramming Network, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihoon Shin
- National Creative Research Center for Epigenome Reprogramming Network, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangho Lee
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Wan Kim
- National Creative Research Center for Epigenome Reprogramming Network, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyonchol Jang
- Division of Cancer Biology, Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang 10408, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Young Suh
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Hwan Kim
- National Creative Research Center for Epigenome Reprogramming Network, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea.,Ischemic/Hypoxic Disease Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Young Hwang
- National Creative Research Center for Epigenome Reprogramming Network, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Deog Su Hwang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Jung Cho
- College of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong-Duk Youn
- National Creative Research Center for Epigenome Reprogramming Network, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea.,Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea.,Ischemic/Hypoxic Disease Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
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8
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Kwak S, Kim TW, Kang BH, Kim JH, Lee JS, Lee HT, Hwang IY, Shin J, Lee JH, Cho EJ, Youn HD. Zinc finger proteins orchestrate active gene silencing during embryonic stem cell differentiation. Nucleic Acids Res 2019; 46:6592-6607. [PMID: 29846698 PMCID: PMC6061687 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gky454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Transcription factors and chromatin remodeling proteins control the transcriptional variability for ESC lineage commitment. During ESC differentiation, chromatin modifiers are recruited to the regulatory regions by transcription factors, thereby activating the lineage-specific genes or silencing the transcription of active ESC genes. However, the underlying mechanisms that link transcription factors to exit from pluripotency are yet to be identified. In this study, we show that the Ctbp2-interacting zinc finger proteins, Zfp217 and Zfp516, function as linkers for the chromatin regulators during ESC differentiation. CRISPR-Cas9-mediated knock-outs of both Zfp217 and Zfp516 in ESCs prevent the exit from pluripotency. Both zinc finger proteins regulate the Ctbp2-mediated recruitment of the NuRD complex and polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) to active ESC genes, subsequently switching the H3K27ac to H3K27me3 during ESC differentiation for active gene silencing. We therefore suggest that some zinc finger proteins orchestrate to control the concise epigenetic states on active ESC genes during differentiation, resulting in natural lineage commitment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sojung Kwak
- National Creative Research Center for Epigenome Reprogramming Network, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ischemic/Hypoxic Disease Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Wan Kim
- National Creative Research Center for Epigenome Reprogramming Network, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ischemic/Hypoxic Disease Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Hee Kang
- National Creative Research Center for Epigenome Reprogramming Network, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ischemic/Hypoxic Disease Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Hwan Kim
- National Creative Research Center for Epigenome Reprogramming Network, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ischemic/Hypoxic Disease Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Jang-Seok Lee
- National Creative Research Center for Epigenome Reprogramming Network, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ischemic/Hypoxic Disease Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Han-Teo Lee
- Department of Molecular Medicine & Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Young Hwang
- National Creative Research Center for Epigenome Reprogramming Network, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ischemic/Hypoxic Disease Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihoon Shin
- National Creative Research Center for Epigenome Reprogramming Network, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ischemic/Hypoxic Disease Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Hyuk Lee
- National Creative Research Center for Epigenome Reprogramming Network, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ischemic/Hypoxic Disease Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Jung Cho
- College of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong-Duk Youn
- National Creative Research Center for Epigenome Reprogramming Network, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ischemic/Hypoxic Disease Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea.,Department of Molecular Medicine & Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
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9
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Park J, Lee H, Han N, Kwak S, Lee HT, Kim JH, Kang K, Youn BH, Yang JH, Jeong HJ, Kang JS, Kim SY, Han JW, Youn HD, Cho EJ. Long non-coding RNA ChRO1 facilitates ATRX/DAXX-dependent H3.3 deposition for transcription-associated heterochromatin reorganization. Nucleic Acids Res 2018; 46:11759-11775. [PMID: 30335163 PMCID: PMC6294499 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gky923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2018] [Revised: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Constitutive heterochromatin undergoes a dynamic clustering and spatial reorganization during myogenic differentiation. However the detailed mechanisms and its role in cell differentiation remain largely elusive. Here, we report the identification of a muscle-specific long non-coding RNA, ChRO1, involved in constitutive heterochromatin reorganization. ChRO1 is induced during terminal differentiation of myoblasts, and is specifically localized to the chromocenters in myotubes. ChRO1 is required for efficient cell differentiation, with global impacts on gene expression. It influences DNA methylation and chromatin compaction at peri/centromeric regions. Inhibition of ChRO1 leads to defects in the spatial fusion of chromocenters, and mislocalization of H4K20 trimethylation, Suv420H2, HP1, MeCP2 and cohesin. In particular, ChRO1 specifically associates with ATRX/DAXX/H3.3 complex at chromocenters to promote H3.3 incorporation and transcriptional induction of satellite repeats, which is essential for chromocenter clustering. Thus, our results unveil a mechanism involving a lncRNA that plays a role in large-scale heterochromatin reorganization and cell differentiation.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- CRISPR-Cas Systems
- Carrier Proteins/genetics
- Carrier Proteins/metabolism
- Cell Cycle Proteins/genetics
- Cell Cycle Proteins/metabolism
- Cell Differentiation
- Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone/genetics
- Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone/metabolism
- Co-Repressor Proteins
- Female
- Gene Editing
- Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental
- HEK293 Cells
- Heterochromatin/chemistry
- Heterochromatin/metabolism
- Histone-Lysine N-Methyltransferase/genetics
- Histone-Lysine N-Methyltransferase/metabolism
- Histones/genetics
- Histones/metabolism
- Humans
- Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/genetics
- Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/metabolism
- Male
- Methyl-CpG-Binding Protein 2/genetics
- Methyl-CpG-Binding Protein 2/metabolism
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Molecular Chaperones
- Muscle Development/genetics
- Muscle, Skeletal/cytology
- Muscle, Skeletal/growth & development
- Muscle, Skeletal/metabolism
- NIH 3T3 Cells
- Nuclear Proteins/genetics
- Nuclear Proteins/metabolism
- RNA, Long Noncoding/antagonists & inhibitors
- RNA, Long Noncoding/genetics
- RNA, Long Noncoding/metabolism
- RNA, Small Interfering/genetics
- RNA, Small Interfering/metabolism
- Transcription, Genetic
- X-linked Nuclear Protein/genetics
- X-linked Nuclear Protein/metabolism
- Cohesins
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyoung Park
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Hongmin Lee
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Namshik Han
- Milner Therapeutics Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QN, UK
| | - Sojung Kwak
- Department of Biomedical Sciences,National Creative Research Center for Epigenome Reprogramming Network, Ischemic/Hypoxic Disease Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Han-Teo Lee
- Department of Molecular Medicine & Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and technology, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Hwan Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences,National Creative Research Center for Epigenome Reprogramming Network, Ischemic/Hypoxic Disease Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Keonjin Kang
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Byoung Ha Youn
- Medical Genome Research Center, KRIBB, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Hyun Yang
- Department of Genetics, Paul F. Glenn Center for the Biology of Aging, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Hyeon-Ju Jeong
- College of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 440-746, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Sun Kang
- College of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 440-746, Republic of Korea
| | - Seon-Young Kim
- Medical Genome Research Center, KRIBB, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeung-Whan Han
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong-Duk Youn
- Department of Biomedical Sciences,National Creative Research Center for Epigenome Reprogramming Network, Ischemic/Hypoxic Disease Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
- Department of Molecular Medicine & Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and technology, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Jung Cho
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 16419, Republic of Korea
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10
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Song B, Kim DK, Shin J, Bae SH, Kim HY, Won B, Kim JK, Youn HD, Kim ST, Kang SW, Jang H. OCT4 directly regulates stemness and extracellular matrix-related genes in human germ cell tumours. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 503:1980-1986. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.07.145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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11
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Suh MY, Kim TW, Lee HT, Shin J, Kim JH, Jang H, Kim HJ, Kim ST, Cho EJ, Youn HD. Abundance of C-terminal binding protein isoform is a prerequisite for exit from pluripotency in mouse embryonic stem cells. FASEB J 2018; 32:fj201700837RRRR. [PMID: 29894668 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201700837rrrr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Unlike lower organisms, mammals have 2 C-terminal binding protein (Ctbp) isoforms, Ctbp1 and Ctbp2. Ctbp2 is revealed as a key factor involved in determining cell fate decisions by regulating the epigenetic state in active embryonic stem cell (ESC) genes. However, the molecular mechanism underlying how Ctbp1 and Ctbp2 have different roles remains elusive. Here we demonstrate that Ctbp isoform abundance is important for mouse embryonic ESCs (mESCs) to exit from pluripotency. Temporal expression patterns of Ctbp isoforms were quite different; Ctbp2 is more highly expressed in mESCs and decreases during differentiation, while Ctbp1 is constantly expressed at a lower level. Ctbp2 knockdown, but not Ctbp1 knockdown, in mESCs resulted in impaired exit from pluripotency. Interestingly, Ctbp1 and Ctbp2 overexpression in Ctbp2-knockdown mESCs leads to exiting from pluripotency in a manner similar to that of wild-type mESCs. Quantification of Ctbp1 and Ctbp2 revealed that differentiation ability correlates with abundance of Ctbp isoform in undifferentiated mESCs, suggesting that a sufficient amount of Ctbp isoform is a prerequisite for exiting from pluripotency. The results support the contention that 2 redundant Ctbp isoforms regulate elaborate differentiation via temporally distinctive regulatory patterns in mESCs.-Suh, M. Y., Kim, T. W., Lee, H.-T., Shin, J., Kim, J.-H., Jang, H., Kim, H. J., Kim, S.-T., Cho, E.-J., Youn, H.-D. Abundance of C-terminal binding protein isoform is a prerequisite for exit from pluripotency in mouse embryonic stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Young Suh
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Tae Wan Kim
- National Creative Research Center for Epigenome Reprogramming Network, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ischemic/Hypoxic Disease Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Han-Teo Lee
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jihoon Shin
- National Creative Research Center for Epigenome Reprogramming Network, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ischemic/Hypoxic Disease Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jae-Hwan Kim
- National Creative Research Center for Epigenome Reprogramming Network, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ischemic/Hypoxic Disease Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyonchol Jang
- Division of Cancer Biology, Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang, South Korea
| | - Hye Ji Kim
- National Creative Research Center for Epigenome Reprogramming Network, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ischemic/Hypoxic Disease Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seong-Tae Kim
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Sungkyunkwan University College of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Eun-Jung Cho
- College of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Hong-Duk Youn
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
- National Creative Research Center for Epigenome Reprogramming Network, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ischemic/Hypoxic Disease Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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12
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Han J, Lee JH, Park S, Yoon S, Yoon A, Hwang DB, Lee HK, Kim MS, Lee Y, Yang WJ, Youn HD, Kim H, Chung J. A phosphorylation pattern-recognizing antibody specifically reacts to RNA polymerase II bound to exons. Exp Mol Med 2016; 48:e271. [PMID: 27857068 PMCID: PMC5133369 DOI: 10.1038/emm.2016.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Revised: 05/20/2016] [Accepted: 05/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The C-terminal domain of RNA polymerase II is an unusual series of repeated residues appended to the C-terminus of the largest subunit and serves as a flexible binding scaffold for numerous nuclear factors. The binding of these factors is determined by the phosphorylation patterns on the repeats in the domain. In this study, we generated a synthetic antibody library by replacing the third heavy chain complementarity-determining region of an anti-HER2 (human epidermal growth factor receptor 2) antibody (trastuzumab) with artificial sequences of 7–18 amino-acid residues. From this library, antibodies were selected that were specific to serine phosphopeptides that represent typical phosphorylation patterns on the functional unit (YSPTSPS)2 of the RNA polymerase II C-terminal domain (CTD). Antibody clones pCTD-1stS2 and pCTD-2ndS2 showed specificity for peptides with phosphoserine at the second residues of the first or second heptamer repeat, respectively. Additional clones specifically reacted to peptides with phosphoserine at the fifth serine of the first repeat (pCTD-1stS5), the seventh residue of the first repeat and fifth residue of the second repeat (pCTD-S7S5) or the seventh residue of either the first or second repeat (pCTD-S7). All of these antibody clones successfully reacted to RNA polymerase II in immunoblot analysis. Interestingly, pCTD-2ndS2 precipitated predominately RNA polymerase II from the exonic regions of genes in genome-wide chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing analysis, which suggests that the phosphoserine at the second residue of the second repeat of the functional unit (YSPTSPS)2 is a mediator of exon definition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jungwon Han
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biomedical science, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Hyuk Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biomedical science, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunyoung Park
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Soomin Yoon
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Aerin Yoon
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Do B Hwang
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwa K Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Min S Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yujean Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Won J Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong-Duk Youn
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biomedical science, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyori Kim
- Asan Institute for Life Sciences, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Junho Chung
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biomedical science, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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13
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Abstract
In embryonic stem cells (ESCs), cell cycle regulation is deeply connected to pluripotency. Especially, core transcription factors (CTFs) which are essential to maintaining the pluripotency transcription programs should be reset during M/G1 transition. However, it remains unknown about how CTFs are governed during cell cycle progression. Here, we describe that the regulation of Oct4 by Aurora kinase b (Aurkb)/protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) axis during the cell cycle is important for resetting Oct4 to pluripotency and cell cycle related target genes in determining the identity of ESCs. Aurkb starts to phosphorylate Oct4(S229) at the onset of G2/M phase, inducing the dissociation of Oct4 from chromatin, whereas PP1 binds Oct4 and dephosphorylates Oct4(S229) during M/G1 transition, which resets Oct4-driven transcription for pluripotency and the cell cycle. Furthermore, Aurkb phosphormimetic and PP1 binding-deficient mutations in Oct4 disrupt the pluripotent cell cycle, lead to the loss of pluripotency in ESCs, and decrease the efficiency of somatic cell reprogramming. Based on our findings, we suggest that the cell cycle is directly linked to pluripotency programs in ESCs. [BMB Reports 2016; 49(10): 527-528].
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihoon Shin
- National Creative Research Center for Epigenome Reprogramming Network, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ischemic and Hypoxic Disease Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Hong-Duk Youn
- National Creative Research Center for Epigenome Reprogramming Network, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ischemic and Hypoxic Disease Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine; Department of Molecular Medicine & Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
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14
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Hwang IY, Kwak S, Lee S, Kim H, Lee SE, Kim JH, Kim YA, Jeon YK, Chung DH, Jin X, Park S, Jang H, Cho EJ, Youn HD. Psat1-Dependent Fluctuations in α-Ketoglutarate Affect the Timing of ESC Differentiation. Cell Metab 2016; 24:494-501. [PMID: 27476977 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2016.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2016] [Revised: 04/29/2016] [Accepted: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) undergo coordinated epigenetic and metabolic changes to differentiate properly. However, the precise mechanisms by which these alterations are fine-tuned in the early stages of differentiation have not been identified. In this study, we demonstrate that phosphoserine aminotransferase 1 (Psat1), an Oct4/Sox2/Nanog (OSN) target protein, regulates changes in α-ketoglutarate (α-KG), determining the fate of mouse ESCs (mESCs). Maintaining Psat1 levels was essential for mESC self-renewal and pluripotency. Moderate knockdown (KD) of Psat1 in mESCs lowered DNA 5'-hydroxymethylcytosine (5'-hmC) and increased histone methylation levels by downregulating permissive amounts of α-KG, ultimately accelerating differentiation. We found that intracellular α-KG declined transiently during differentiation and that its dysregulation by treatment with dimethyl-α-KG impeded differentiation. Further, by in vivo teratoma formation assay, pluripotency of Psat1 KD mESCs was impaired, especially into the ectodermal lineage. Thus, we have established how Psat1 is regulated in maintaining intracellular α-KG levels and determining the fate of mESCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- In-Young Hwang
- National Creative Research Center for Epigenome Reprogramming Network, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Sojung Kwak
- National Creative Research Center for Epigenome Reprogramming Network, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangho Lee
- National Creative Research Center for Epigenome Reprogramming Network, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea; Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunsoo Kim
- National Creative Research Center for Epigenome Reprogramming Network, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Eun Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Hwan Kim
- National Creative Research Center for Epigenome Reprogramming Network, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea; Ischemic/Hypoxic Disease Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Ah Kim
- National Creative Research Center for Epigenome Reprogramming Network, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea; Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Kyung Jeon
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Doo Hyun Chung
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea; Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Xing Jin
- College of Pharmacy, Natural Product Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunghyouk Park
- College of Pharmacy, Natural Product Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyonchol Jang
- Division of Cancer Biology, Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang 10408, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Jung Cho
- College of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong-Duk Youn
- National Creative Research Center for Epigenome Reprogramming Network, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea; Ischemic/Hypoxic Disease Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea; Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea.
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15
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Ko YS, Cho SJ, Park J, Choi Y, Lee JS, Youn HD, Kim WH, Kim MA, Park JW, Lee BL. Hypoxic inactivation of glycogen synthase kinase-3β promotes gastric tumor growth and angiogenesis by facilitating hypoxia-inducible factor-1 signaling. APMIS 2016; 124:748-56. [PMID: 27365055 DOI: 10.1111/apm.12569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2015] [Accepted: 05/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Since the molecular mechanism of hypoxic adaptation in cancer cells is cell-type specific, we investigated whether glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) activation is involved in hypoxia-induced gastric tumor promotion. Stable gastric cancer cell lines (SNU-638, SNU-484, MKN1, and MKN45) were cultured under hypoxic conditions. Cells overexpressing wild-type GSK-3β (WT-GSK-3β) or kinase-dead mutant of GSK-3β (KD-GSK-3β) were generated and used for cell culture and animal studies. In cell culture experiments, hypoxia decreased GSK-3β activation in gastric cancer cells. Cell viability and the expressions of HIF-1α protein and VEGF mRNA in gastric cancer cells were higher in KD-GSK-3β transfectants than in WT-GSK-3β transfectants under hypoxic conditions, but not under normoxic conditions. Gastric cancer xenografts showed that tumor growth, microvessel area, HIF-1α activation, and VEGF expression were higher in KD-GSK-3β tumors than in WT-GSK-3β tumors in vivo. In addition, the expression of hypoxia-induced HIF-1α protein was regulated by GSK-3β at the translational level. Our data suggest that GSK-3β is involved in hypoxic adaptation of gastric cancer cells as an inhibitory upstream regulator of the HIF-1α/VEGF signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young San Ko
- Department of Anatomy, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sung Jin Cho
- Department of Anatomy, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jinju Park
- Department of Tumor Biology, Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yiseul Choi
- Department of Tumor Biology, Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jae-Seon Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Hong-Duk Youn
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Woo Ho Kim
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Min A Kim
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jong-Wan Park
- Department of Pharmacology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Ischemic/Hypoxic Disease Institute Medical Research Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Byung Lan Lee
- Department of Anatomy, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Tumor Biology, Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Ischemic/Hypoxic Disease Institute Medical Research Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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16
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Shin J, Kim TW, Kim H, Kim HJ, Suh MY, Lee S, Lee HT, Kwak S, Lee SE, Lee JH, Jang H, Cho EJ, Youn HD. Aurkb/PP1-mediated resetting of Oct4 during the cell cycle determines the identity of embryonic stem cells. eLife 2016; 5:e10877. [PMID: 26880562 PMCID: PMC4798952 DOI: 10.7554/elife.10877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2015] [Accepted: 02/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Pluripotency transcription programs by core transcription factors (CTFs) might be reset during M/G1 transition to maintain the pluripotency of embryonic stem cells (ESCs). However, little is known about how CTFs are governed during cell cycle progression. Here, we demonstrate that the regulation of Oct4 by Aurora kinase b (Aurkb)/protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) during the cell cycle is important for resetting Oct4 to pluripotency and cell cycle genes in determining the identity of ESCs. Aurkb phosphorylates Oct4(S229) during G2/M phase, leading to the dissociation of Oct4 from chromatin, whereas PP1 binds Oct4 and dephosphorylates Oct4(S229) during M/G1 transition, which resets Oct4-driven transcription for pluripotency and the cell cycle. Aurkb phosphor-mimetic and PP1 binding-deficient mutations in Oct4 alter the cell cycle, effect the loss of pluripotency in ESCs, and decrease the efficiency of somatic cell reprogramming. Our findings provide evidence that the cell cycle is linked directly to pluripotency programs in ESCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihoon Shin
- National Creative Research Center for Epigenome Reprogramming Network, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ischemic/Hypoxic Disease Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Wan Kim
- National Creative Research Center for Epigenome Reprogramming Network, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ischemic/Hypoxic Disease Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunsoo Kim
- National Creative Research Center for Epigenome Reprogramming Network, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ischemic/Hypoxic Disease Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Ji Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Young Suh
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangho Lee
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Han-Teo Lee
- Interdisciplinary Program in Genetic Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sojung Kwak
- National Creative Research Center for Epigenome Reprogramming Network, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ischemic/Hypoxic Disease Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Eun Lee
- National Creative Research Center for Epigenome Reprogramming Network, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ischemic/Hypoxic Disease Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Hyuk Lee
- National Creative Research Center for Epigenome Reprogramming Network, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ischemic/Hypoxic Disease Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyonchol Jang
- Division of Cancer Biology, Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Jung Cho
- College of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong-Duk Youn
- National Creative Research Center for Epigenome Reprogramming Network, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ischemic/Hypoxic Disease Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Interdisciplinary Program in Genetic Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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17
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Kim H, Jang H, Kim TW, Kang BH, Lee SE, Jeon YK, Chung DH, Choi J, Shin J, Cho EJ, Youn HD. Core Pluripotency Factors Directly Regulate Metabolism in Embryonic Stem Cell to Maintain Pluripotency. Stem Cells 2015; 33:2699-711. [PMID: 26059508 DOI: 10.1002/stem.2073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2014] [Revised: 04/17/2015] [Accepted: 04/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) have distinct metabolic properties that support their metabolic and energetic needs and affect their stemness. In particular, high glycolysis is critical for the generation and maintenance of PSCs. However, it is unknown how PSCs maintain and acquire this metabolic signature. In this study, we found that core pluripotency factors regulate glycolysis directly by controlling the expression of glycolytic enzymes. Specifically, Oct4 directly governs Hk2 and Pkm2, which are important glycolytic enzymes that determine the rate of glycolytic flux. The overexpression of Hk2 and Pkm2 sustains high levels of glycolysis during embryonic stem cell (ESC) differentiation. Moreover, the maintenance of high glycolysis levels by Hk2 and Pkm2 overexpression hampers differentiation and preserves the pluripotency of ESCs in the absence of leukemia inhibitory factor. Overall, our study identifies a direct molecular connection between core pluripotency factors and ESC metabolic signatures and demonstrates the significance of metabolism in cell fate determination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunsoo Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, National Creative Research Center for Epigenome Reprogramming Network, Ischemic/Hypoxic Disease Institute
| | - Hyonchol Jang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, National Creative Research Center for Epigenome Reprogramming Network, Ischemic/Hypoxic Disease Institute
- Division of Cancer Biology, Research Institute & Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Wan Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, National Creative Research Center for Epigenome Reprogramming Network, Ischemic/Hypoxic Disease Institute
| | - Byung-Hee Kang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, National Creative Research Center for Epigenome Reprogramming Network, Ischemic/Hypoxic Disease Institute
| | - Sang Eun Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Kyung Jeon
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, National Creative Research Center for Epigenome Reprogramming Network, Ischemic/Hypoxic Disease Institute
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Doo Hyun Chung
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, National Creative Research Center for Epigenome Reprogramming Network, Ischemic/Hypoxic Disease Institute
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinmi Choi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, National Creative Research Center for Epigenome Reprogramming Network, Ischemic/Hypoxic Disease Institute
| | - Jihoon Shin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, National Creative Research Center for Epigenome Reprogramming Network, Ischemic/Hypoxic Disease Institute
| | - Eun-Jung Cho
- College of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong-Duk Youn
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, National Creative Research Center for Epigenome Reprogramming Network, Ischemic/Hypoxic Disease Institute
- Department of Molecular Medicine & Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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18
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Kim JH, Lee SM, Lee JH, Chun S, Kang BH, Kwak S, Roe JS, Kim TW, Kim H, Kim WH, Cho EJ, Youn HD. OGFOD1 is required for breast cancer cell proliferation and is associated with poor prognosis in breast cancer. Oncotarget 2015; 6:19528-41. [PMID: 25909288 PMCID: PMC4637303 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/1969] [Accepted: 03/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
2-oxogluatrate and Fe(II)-dependent oxygenase domain-containing protein 1 (OGFOD1) was recently revealed to be a proline hydroxylase of RPS23 for translational termination. However, OGFOD1 is nuclear, whereas translational termination occurs in the cytoplasm, raising the possibility of another function of OGFOD1 in the nucleus. In this study, we demonstrate that OGFOD1 is involved in cell cycle regulation. OGFOD1 knockdown in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells significantly impeded cell proliferation and resulted in the accumulation of G1 and G2/M cells by decreasing the mRNA levels of G1/S transition- and G2/M-related transcription factors and their target genes. We also confirmed that OGFOD1 is highly expressed in breast cancer tissues by bioinformatic analysis and immunohistochemistry. Thus, we propose that OGFOD1 is required for breast cancer cell proliferation and is associated with poor prognosis in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Hwan Kim
- National Creative Research Center for Epigenome Reprogramming Network, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ischemic/Hypoxic Disease Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Soon-Min Lee
- National Creative Research Center for Epigenome Reprogramming Network, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ischemic/Hypoxic Disease Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Hyuk Lee
- National Creative Research Center for Epigenome Reprogramming Network, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ischemic/Hypoxic Disease Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sohyun Chun
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Hee Kang
- National Creative Research Center for Epigenome Reprogramming Network, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ischemic/Hypoxic Disease Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sojung Kwak
- National Creative Research Center for Epigenome Reprogramming Network, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ischemic/Hypoxic Disease Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Seok Roe
- National Creative Research Center for Epigenome Reprogramming Network, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ischemic/Hypoxic Disease Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Wan Kim
- National Creative Research Center for Epigenome Reprogramming Network, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ischemic/Hypoxic Disease Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunsoo Kim
- National Creative Research Center for Epigenome Reprogramming Network, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ischemic/Hypoxic Disease Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo Ho Kim
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Jung Cho
- College of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong-Duk Youn
- National Creative Research Center for Epigenome Reprogramming Network, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ischemic/Hypoxic Disease Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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19
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Kim TW, Kang BH, Jang H, Kwak S, Shin J, Kim H, Lee SE, Lee SM, Lee JH, Kim JH, Kim SY, Cho EJ, Kim JH, Park KS, Che JH, Han DW, Kang MJ, Yi EC, Youn HD. Ctbp2 Modulates NuRD-Mediated Deacetylation of H3K27 and Facilitates PRC2-Mediated H3K27me3 in Active Embryonic Stem Cell Genes During Exit from Pluripotency. Stem Cells 2015; 33:2442-55. [PMID: 25944056 DOI: 10.1002/stem.2046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2014] [Accepted: 04/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
For cells to exit from pluripotency and commit to a lineage, the circuitry of a core transcription factor (CTF) network must be extinguished in an orderly manner through epigenetic modifications. However, how this choreographed epigenetic remodeling at active embryonic stem cell (ESC) genes occurs during differentiation is poorly understood. In this study, we demonstrate that C-terminal binding protein 2 (Ctbp2) regulates nucleosome remodeling and deacetylation (NuRD)-mediated deacetylation of H3K27 and facilitates recruitment of polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2)-mediated H3K27me3 in active ESC genes for exit from pluripotency during differentiation. By genomewide analysis, we found that Ctbp2 resides in active ESC genes and co-occupies regions with ESC CTFs in undifferentiated ESCs. Furthermore, ablation of Ctbp2 effects inappropriate gene silencing in ESCs by sustaining high levels of H3K27ac and impeding H3K27me3 in active ESC genes, thereby sustaining ESC maintenance during differentiation. Thus, Ctbp2 preoccupies regions in active genes with the NuRD complex in undifferentiated ESCs that are directed toward H3K27me3 by PRC2 to induce stable silencing, which is pivotal for natural lineage commitment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae Wan Kim
- National Creative Research Center for Epigenome Reprogramming Network, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ischemic/Hypoxic Disease Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Hee Kang
- National Creative Research Center for Epigenome Reprogramming Network, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ischemic/Hypoxic Disease Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyonchol Jang
- National Creative Research Center for Epigenome Reprogramming Network, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ischemic/Hypoxic Disease Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Division of Cancer Biology, Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Sojung Kwak
- National Creative Research Center for Epigenome Reprogramming Network, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ischemic/Hypoxic Disease Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihoon Shin
- National Creative Research Center for Epigenome Reprogramming Network, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ischemic/Hypoxic Disease Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunsoo Kim
- National Creative Research Center for Epigenome Reprogramming Network, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ischemic/Hypoxic Disease Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Eun Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Soon-Min Lee
- National Creative Research Center for Epigenome Reprogramming Network, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ischemic/Hypoxic Disease Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Hyuk Lee
- National Creative Research Center for Epigenome Reprogramming Network, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ischemic/Hypoxic Disease Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Hwan Kim
- National Creative Research Center for Epigenome Reprogramming Network, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ischemic/Hypoxic Disease Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seon-Young Kim
- Medical Genomic Research Center, KRIBB, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Jung Cho
- College of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju Han Kim
- Seoul National University Biomedical Informatics (SNUBI), Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Keun Soo Park
- Biomedical Center for Animal Resource Development, N-Bio, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Hwan Che
- Biomedical Center for Animal Resource Development, N-Bio, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Wook Han
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Jueng Kang
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eugene C Yi
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong-Duk Youn
- National Creative Research Center for Epigenome Reprogramming Network, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ischemic/Hypoxic Disease Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Stem Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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20
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Singh K, Cassano M, Planet E, Sebastian S, Jang SM, Sohi G, Faralli H, Choi J, Youn HD, Dilworth FJ, Trono D. A KAP1 phosphorylation switch controls MyoD function during skeletal muscle differentiation. Genes Dev 2015; 29:513-25. [PMID: 25737281 PMCID: PMC4358404 DOI: 10.1101/gad.254532.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The transcriptional activator MyoD serves as a master controller of myogenesis. Singh et al. identify KAP1/TRIM28 as a key regulator of MyoD function. In myoblasts, KAP1 is present with MyoD and Mef2 at many muscle genes, where it acts as a scaffold to recruit not only coactivators such as p300 and LSD1 but also corepressors such as G9a and HDAC1, with promoter silencing as the net outcome. Upon differentiation, MSK1-mediated phosphorylation of KAP1 releases the corepressors from the scaffold, unleashing transcriptional activation by MyoD/Mef2 and their positive cofactors. The transcriptional activator MyoD serves as a master controller of myogenesis. Often in partnership with Mef2 (myocyte enhancer factor 2), MyoD binds to the promoters of hundreds of muscle genes in proliferating myoblasts yet activates these targets only upon receiving cues that launch differentiation. What regulates this off/on switch of MyoD function has been incompletely understood, although it is known to reflect the action of chromatin modifiers. Here, we identify KAP1 (KRAB [Krüppel-like associated box]-associated protein 1)/TRIM28 (tripartite motif protein 28) as a key regulator of MyoD function. In myoblasts, KAP1 is present with MyoD and Mef2 at many muscle genes, where it acts as a scaffold to recruit not only coactivators such as p300 and LSD1 but also corepressors such as G9a and HDAC1 (histone deacetylase 1), with promoter silencing as the net outcome. Upon differentiation, MSK1-mediated phosphorylation of KAP1 releases the corepressors from the scaffold, unleashing transcriptional activation by MyoD/Mef2 and their positive cofactors. Thus, our results reveal KAP1 as a previously unappreciated interpreter of cell signaling, which modulates the ability of MyoD to drive myogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kulwant Singh
- Sprott Center for Stem Cell Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8L6, Canada
| | - Marco Cassano
- School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Evarist Planet
- School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Soji Sebastian
- Sprott Center for Stem Cell Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8L6, Canada
| | - Suk Min Jang
- School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Gurjeev Sohi
- Sprott Center for Stem Cell Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8L6, Canada
| | - Hervé Faralli
- Sprott Center for Stem Cell Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8L6, Canada
| | - Jinmi Choi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-799, Korea
| | - Hong-Duk Youn
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-799, Korea
| | - F Jeffrey Dilworth
- Sprott Center for Stem Cell Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8L6, Canada; Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8L6, Canada
| | - Didier Trono
- School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland;
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21
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Yoon J, Ko YS, Cho SJ, Park J, Choi YS, Choi Y, Pyo JS, Ye SK, Youn HD, Lee JS, Chang MS, Kim MA, Lee BL. Signal transducers and activators of transcription 3-induced metastatic potential in gastric cancer cells is enhanced by glycogen synthase kinase-3β. APMIS 2015; 123:373-82. [PMID: 25846563 DOI: 10.1111/apm.12370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2014] [Accepted: 01/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The transcription factor signal transducers and activators of transcription 3 (STAT3) can promote cancer metastasis, but its underlying regulatory mechanisms in gastric cancer cell invasiveness still remain obscure. We investigated the relationship between STAT3 and glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) and its significance in metastatic potential in gastric cancer cells. Immunohistochemical tissue array analysis of 267 human gastric carcinoma specimens showed that the expressions of active forms of STAT3 (pSTAT3) and GSK-3β (pGSK-3β) were found in 68 (25%) and 124 (46%) of 267 gastric cancer cases, respectively, showing a positive correlation (p < 0.001). Cell culture experiments using gastric cancer cell lines SNU-638 and SNU-668 revealed that STAT3 suppression did not affect pGSK-3β expression, whereas GSK-3β inhibition reduced pSTAT3 expression. With respect to metastatic potential in gastric cancer cells, both STAT3 suppression and GSK-3β inhibition decreased cell migration, invasion, and mesenchymal marker (Snail, Vimentin, and MMP9) expression. Moreover, the inhibitory effects of STAT3 and GSK-3β on cell migration were synergistic. These results demonstrated that STAT3 and GSK-3β are positively associated and synergistically contribute to metastatic potential in gastric cancer cells. Thus, dual use of STAT3 and GSK-3β inhibitors may enhance the efficacy of the anti-metastatic treatment of gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyeon Yoon
- Department of Anatomy, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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22
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Lee JH, Kang BH, Jang H, Kim TW, Choi J, Kwak S, Han J, Cho EJ, Youn HD. AKT phosphorylates H3-threonine 45 to facilitate termination of gene transcription in response to DNA damage. Nucleic Acids Res 2015; 43:4505-16. [PMID: 25813038 PMCID: PMC4482061 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkv176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2014] [Accepted: 02/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Post-translational modifications of core histones affect various cellular processes, primarily through transcription. However, their relationship with the termination of transcription has remained largely unknown. In this study, we show that DNA damage-activated AKT phosphorylates threonine 45 of core histone H3 (H3-T45). By genome-wide chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing (ChIP-seq) analysis, H3-T45 phosphorylation was distributed throughout DNA damage-responsive gene loci, particularly immediately after the transcription termination site. H3-T45 phosphorylation pattern showed close-resemblance to that of RNA polymerase II C-terminal domain (CTD) serine 2 phosphorylation, which establishes the transcription termination signal. AKT1 was more effective than AKT2 in phosphorylating H3-T45. Blocking H3-T45 phosphorylation by inhibiting AKT or through amino acid substitution limited RNA decay downstream of mRNA cleavage sites and decreased RNA polymerase II release from chromatin. Our findings suggest that AKT-mediated phosphorylation of H3-T45 regulates the processing of the 3' end of DNA damage-activated genes to facilitate transcriptional termination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Hyuk Lee
- National Creative Research Center for Epigenome Reprogramming Network, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ischemic/Hypoxic Disease Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-799, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Hee Kang
- National Creative Research Center for Epigenome Reprogramming Network, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ischemic/Hypoxic Disease Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-799, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyonchol Jang
- Division of Cancer Biology, Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang 410-769, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Wan Kim
- National Creative Research Center for Epigenome Reprogramming Network, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ischemic/Hypoxic Disease Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-799, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinmi Choi
- National Creative Research Center for Epigenome Reprogramming Network, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ischemic/Hypoxic Disease Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-799, Republic of Korea
| | - Sojung Kwak
- National Creative Research Center for Epigenome Reprogramming Network, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ischemic/Hypoxic Disease Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-799, Republic of Korea
| | - Jungwon Han
- National Creative Research Center for Epigenome Reprogramming Network, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ischemic/Hypoxic Disease Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-799, Republic of Korea Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-799, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Jung Cho
- College of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong-Duk Youn
- National Creative Research Center for Epigenome Reprogramming Network, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ischemic/Hypoxic Disease Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-799, Republic of Korea Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul 110-799, Republic of Korea
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23
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Lee JH, Jang H, Lee SM, Lee JE, Choi J, Kim TW, Cho EJ, Youn HD. ATP-citrate lyase regulates cellular senescence via an AMPK- and p53-dependent pathway. FEBS J 2014; 282:361-71. [PMID: 25367309 DOI: 10.1111/febs.13139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2014] [Revised: 10/15/2014] [Accepted: 10/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
ATP citrate lyase (ACLY) is a key enzyme that is involved in de novo lipogenesis by catalyzing conversion of cytosolic citrate into acetyl CoA and oxaloacetate. Up-regulation of ACLY in various types of tumors enhances fatty acid synthesis and supplies excess acetyl CoA for histone acetylation. However, there is evidence that its enzymatic activity alone is insufficient to explain ACLY silencing-mediated growth arrest in tumor cells. In this study, we found that ACLY knockdown in primary human cells triggers cellular senescence and activation of tumor suppressor p53. Provision of acetyl CoA to ACLY knockdown cells did not alleviate ACLY silencing-induced p53 activation, suggesting an independent role for ACLY activity. Instead, ACLY physically interacted with the catalytic subunit of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and inhibited AMPK activity. The activation of AMPK under ACLY knockdown conditions may lead to p53 activation, ultimately leading to cellular senescence. In cancer cells, ACLY silencing-induced p53 activation facilitated DNA damage-induced cell death. Taken together, our results suggest a novel function of ACLY in cellular senescence and tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Hyuk Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, National Creative Research Center for Epigenome Reprogramming Network, Ischemic/Hypoxic Disease Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Korea; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Creative Research Center for Epigenome Reprogramming Network, Ischemic/Hypoxic Disease Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Korea
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24
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Roe JS, Kim HR, Hwang IY, Ha NC, Kim ST, Cho EJ, Youn HD. Phosphorylation of von Hippel-Lindau protein by checkpoint kinase 2 regulates p53 transactivation. Cell Cycle 2014; 10:3920-8. [DOI: 10.4161/cc.10.22.18096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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25
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Choi J, Jang H, Kim H, Lee JH, Kim ST, Cho EJ, Youn HD. Modulation of lysine methylation in myocyte enhancer factor 2 during skeletal muscle cell differentiation. Nucleic Acids Res 2013; 42:224-34. [PMID: 24078251 PMCID: PMC3874188 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkt873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Myocyte enhancer factor 2 (MEF2) is a family of transcription factors that regulates many processes, including muscle differentiation. Due to its many target genes, MEF2D requires tight regulation of transcription activity over time and by location. Epigenetic modifiers have been suggested to regulate MEF2-dependent transcription via modifications to histones and MEF2. However, the modulation of MEF2 activity by lysine methylation, an important posttranslational modification that alters the activities of transcription factors, has not been studied. We report the reversible lysine methylation of MEF2D by G9a and LSD1 as a regulatory mechanism of MEF2D activity and skeletal muscle differentiation. G9a methylates lysine-267 of MEF2D and represses its transcriptional activity, but LSD1 counteracts it. This residue is highly conserved between MEF2 members in mammals. During myogenic differentiation of C2C12 mouse skeletal muscle cells, the methylation of MEF2D by G9a decreased, on which MEF2D-dependent myogenic genes were upregulated. We have also identified lysine-267 as a methylation/demethylation site and demonstrate that the lysine methylation state of MEF2D regulates its transcriptional activity and skeletal muscle cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinmi Choi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Creative Research Center for Epigenome Reprogramming Network, Ischemic/Hypoxic Disease Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-799, Division of Cancer Biology, Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang 410-769, Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, National Research Laboratory for Chromatin Dynamics, College of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746 and WCU Department of Molecular Medicine & Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 110-799, Republic of Korea
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Song Y, Seol JH, Yang JH, Kim HJ, Han JW, Youn HD, Cho EJ. Dissecting the roles of the histone chaperones reveals the evolutionary conserved mechanism of transcription-coupled deposition of H3.3. Nucleic Acids Res 2013; 41:5199-209. [PMID: 23563152 PMCID: PMC3664809 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkt220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The mammalian genome encodes multiple variants of histone H3 including H3.1/H3.2 and H3.3. In contrast to H3.1/H3.2, H3.3 is enriched in the actively transcribed euchromatin and the telomeric heterochromatins. However, the mechanism for H3.3 to incorporate into the different domains of chromatin is not known. Here, taking the advantage of well-defined transcription analysis system of yeast, we attempted to understand the molecular mechanism of selective deposition of human H3.3 into actively transcribed genes. We show that there are systemic H3 substrate-selection mechanisms operating even in yeasts, which encode a single type of H3. Yeast HIR complex mediated H3-specific recognition specificity for deposition of H3.3 in the transcribed genes. A critical component of this process was the H3 A-IG code composed of amino acids 87, 89 and 90. The preference toward H3.3 was completely lost when HIR subunits were absent and partially suppressed by human HIRA. Asf1 allows the influx of H3, regardless of H3 type. We propose that H3.3 is introduced into the active euchromatin by targeting the recycling pathway that is mediated by HIRA (or HIR), and this H3-selection mechanism is highly conserved through the evolution. These results also uncover an unexpected role of RI chaperones in evolution of variant H3s.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunkyoung Song
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 440-746, Republic of Korea
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Kim JH, Choi SY, Kang BH, Lee SM, Park HS, Kang GY, Bang JY, Cho EJ, Youn HD. AMP-activated protein kinase phosphorylates CtBP1 and down-regulates its activity. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2013; 431:8-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2012.12.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2012] [Accepted: 12/18/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Choi SY, Jang H, Roe JS, Kim ST, Cho EJ, Youn HD. Phosphorylation and ubiquitination-dependent degradation of CABIN1 releases p53 for transactivation upon genotoxic stress. Nucleic Acids Res 2013; 41:2180-90. [PMID: 23303793 PMCID: PMC3575827 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gks1319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
CABIN1 acts as a negative regulator of p53 by keeping p53 in an inactive state on chromatin. Genotoxic stress causes rapid dissociation of CABIN1 and activation of p53. However, its molecular mechanism is still unknown. Here, we reveal the phosphorylation- and ubiquitination-dependent degradation of CABIN1 upon DNA damage, releasing p53 for transcriptional activation. The DNA-damage-signaling kinases, ATM and CHK2, phosphorylate CABIN1 and increase the degradation of CABIN1 protein. Knockdown or overexpression of these kinases influences the stability of CABIN1 protein showing that their activity is critical for degradation of CABIN1. Additionally, CABIN1 was found to undergo ubiquitin-dependent proteasomal degradation mediated by the CRL4DDB2 ubiquitin ligase complex. Both phosphorylation and ubiquitination of CABIN1 appear to be relevant for controlling the level of CABIN1 protein upon genotoxic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo-Youn Choi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Creative Research Center for Epigenome Reprogramming Network, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Jang H, Kim TW, Yoon S, Choi SY, Kang TW, Kim SY, Kwon YW, Cho EJ, Youn HD. O-GlcNAc regulates pluripotency and reprogramming by directly acting on core components of the pluripotency network. Cell Stem Cell 2012; 11:62-74. [PMID: 22608532 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2012.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 237] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2011] [Revised: 01/20/2012] [Accepted: 03/01/2012] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
O-linked-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) has emerged as a critical regulator of diverse cellular processes, but its role in embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and pluripotency has not been investigated. Here we show that O-GlcNAcylation directly regulates core components of the pluripotency network. Blocking O-GlcNAcylation disrupts ESC self-renewal and reprogramming of somatic cells to induced pluripotent stem cells. The core reprogramming factors Oct4 and Sox2 are O-GlcNAcylated in ESCs, but the O-GlcNAc modification is rapidly removed upon differentiation. O-GlcNAc modification of threonine 228 in Oct4 regulates Oct4 transcriptional activity and is important for inducing many pluripotency-related genes, including Klf2, Klf5, Nr5a2, Tbx3, and Tcl1. A T228A point mutation that eliminates this O-GlcNAc modification reduces the capacity of Oct4 to maintain ESC self-renewal and reprogram somatic cells. Overall, our study makes a direct connection between O-GlcNAcylation of key regulatory transcription factors and the activity of the pluripotency network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyonchol Jang
- National Research Laboratory for Metabolic Checkpoint, Departments of Biomedical Sciences and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-799, Republic of Korea
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Song TY, Yang JH, Park JY, Song Y, Han JW, Youn HD, Cho EJ. The role of histone chaperones in osteoblastic differentiation of C2C12 myoblasts. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2012; 423:726-32. [PMID: 22705305 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2012.06.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2012] [Accepted: 06/07/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Cellular differentiation is a process in which the cells gain a more specialized shape, metabolism, and function. These cellular changes are accompanied by dynamic changes in gene expression programs. In most cases, DNA methylation, histone modification, and variant histones drive the epigenetic transition that reprograms the gene expression. Histone chaperones, HIRA and Asf1a, have a role for cellular differentiation by deposition of one of variant histones, H3.3, during myogenesis of murine C2C12 cells. In this study, we accessed the roles of histone chaperones and histone H3.3 in osteoblastic conversion of C2C12 myoblasts and compared their roles with those for myogenic differentiation. The unbiased analysis of the expression pattern of histone chaperones and variant histones proposed their uncommon contribution to each pathway. HIRA and Asf1a decreased to ∼50% and further diminished during differentiation into osteoblasts, while they were maintained during differentiation into myotubes. HIRA, Asf1a, and H3.3 were indispensable for expression of cell type-specific genes during conversion into osteoblasts or myotubes. RNA interference analysis indicated that histone chaperones and H3.3 were required for early steps of osteoblastic differentiation. Our results suggest that histone chaperones and variant histones might be differentially required for the distinct phases of differentiation pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae-Yang Song
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 440-746, Republic of Korea
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Hwang IY, Roe JS, Seol JH, Kim HR, Cho EJ, Youn HD. pVHL-mediated transcriptional repression of c-Myc by recruitment of histone deacetylases. Mol Cells 2012; 33:195-201. [PMID: 22286234 PMCID: PMC3887712 DOI: 10.1007/s10059-012-2268-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2011] [Accepted: 11/29/2011] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The biological functions of Myc are to regulate cell growth,apoptosis, cell differentiation and stem-cell self-renewal. Abnormal accumulation of c-Myc is able to induce excessive proliferation of normal cells. von Hippel-Lindau protein(pVHL) is a key regulator of hypoxia-inducible factor 1α(HIF1α), thus accumulation and hyperactivation of HIF1α is the most prominent feature of VHL-mutated renal cell carcinoma. Interestingly, the Myc pathway is reported to be activated in renal cell carcinoma even though the precise molecular mechanism still remains to be established. Here, we demonstrated that pVHL locates at the c-Myc promoter region through physical interaction with Myc. Furthermore, pVHL reinforces HDAC1/2 recruitment to the Myc promoter, which leads to the auto-suppression of Myc. Therefore, one possible mechanism of Myc auto-suppression by pVHL entails removing histone acetylation. Our study identifies a novel mechanism for pVHL-mediated negative regulation of c-Myc transcription.
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Affiliation(s)
- In-Young Hwang
- National Research Laboratory for Metabolic Checkpoint, Departments of Biomedical Sciences and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-799,
Korea
| | - Jae-Seok Roe
- National Research Laboratory for Metabolic Checkpoint, Departments of Biomedical Sciences and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-799,
Korea
| | - Ja-Hwan Seol
- National Research Laboratory for Chromatin Dynamics, School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746,
Korea
| | - Hwa-Ryeon Kim
- National Research Laboratory for Metabolic Checkpoint, Departments of Biomedical Sciences and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-799,
Korea
| | - Eun-Jung Cho
- National Research Laboratory for Chromatin Dynamics, School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746,
Korea
| | - Hong-Duk Youn
- National Research Laboratory for Metabolic Checkpoint, Departments of Biomedical Sciences and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-799,
Korea
- World Class University (WCU) Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742,
Korea
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Lee JS, Lee SK, Youn HD, Yoo SJ. C-terminal binding protein-mediated transcriptional repression is regulated by X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2012; 417:175-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2011.11.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2011] [Accepted: 11/16/2011] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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Yang JH, Choi JH, Jang H, Park JY, Han JW, Youn HD, Cho EJ. Histone chaperones cooperate to mediate Mef2-targeted transcriptional regulation during skeletal myogenesis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2011; 407:541-7. [PMID: 21414300 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2011.03.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2011] [Accepted: 03/11/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Histone chaperones function in histone transfer and regulate the nucleosome occupancy and the activity of genes. HIRA is a replication-independent (RI) histone chaperone that is linked to transcription and various developmental processes. Here, we show that HIRA interacts with Mef2 and contributes to the activation of Mef2-target genes during muscle differentiation. Asf1 cooperated with HIRA and was indispensable for Mef2-dependent transcription. The HIRA R460A mutant, which is defective in Asf1 binding, lost the transcriptional co-activation. In addition, the role of Cabin1, previously reported as a Mef2 repressor and as one of the components of the HIRA-containing complex, was delineated in Mef2/HIRA-mediated transcription. Cabin1 associated with the C-terminus of HIRA via its N-terminal domain and suppressed Mef2/HIRA-mediated transcription. Expression of Cabin1 was dramatically reduced upon myoblast differentiation, which may allow Mef2 and HIRA/Asf1 to resume their transcriptional activity. HIRA led to more permeable chromatin structure marked by active histone modifications around the myogenin promoter. Our results suggest that histone chaperone complex components contribute to the regulation of Mef2 target genes for muscle differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Hyun Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 440-746, Republic of Korea
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Choi JW, Kim JH, Cho SC, Ha MK, Song KY, Youn HD, Park SC. Malondialdehyde inhibits an AMPK-mediated nuclear translocation and repression activity of ALDH2 in transcription. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2010; 404:400-6. [PMID: 21130747 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2010.11.131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2010] [Accepted: 11/25/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Aging process results from deleterious damages by reactive oxygen species, in particular, various metabolic aldehydes. Aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) is one of metabolic enzymes detoxifying various aldehydes under oxidative conditions. AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) plays a key role in controlling metabolic process. However, little was known about the relationship of ALDH2 with AMPK under oxidative conditions. Here, we, by using MDA-specific monoclonal antibody, screened the tissues of young and old rats for MDA-modified proteins and identified an ALDH2 as a prominent MDA-modified protein band in the old rat kidney tissue. ALDH2 associates with AMPK and is phosphorylated by AMPK. In addition, AICAR, an activator of AMP-activated protein kinase, induces the nuclear translocation of ALDH2. ALDH2 in nucleus is involved in general transcription repression by association with histone deacetylases. Furthermore, MDA modification inhibited the translocation of ALDH2 and the association with AMPK, and ultimately led to de-repression of transcription in the reporter system analysis. In this study, we have demonstrated that ALDH2 acts as a transcriptional repressor in response to AMPK activation, and MDA modifies ALDH2 and inhibits repressive activity of ALDH2 in general transcription. We thus suggest that increasing amount of MDA during aging process may interrupt the nuclear function of ALDH2, modulated by AMPK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Woong Choi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 28 Yongon-dong, Chongro-gu, Seoul 110-799, Republic of Korea
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Choi J, Jang H, Kim H, Kim ST, Cho EJ, Youn HD. Histone demethylase LSD1 is required to induce skeletal muscle differentiation by regulating myogenic factors. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2010; 401:327-32. [PMID: 20833138 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2010.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2010] [Accepted: 09/04/2010] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
During myogenesis, transcriptional activities of two major myogenic factors, MyoD and myocyte enhancer factor 2 (Mef2) are regulated by histone modifications that switch on and off the target genes. However, the transition mechanism from repression to activation modes of histones has not been defined. Here we identify that lysine specific demethylase 1, (LSD1) is responsible for removing the repressive histone codes during C2C12 mouse myoblast differentiation. The potent role of LSD1 is suggested by the increment of its expression level during myogenic differentiation. Moreover, by performing co-immunoprecipitation and ChIP assay, physically interaction of LSD1 with MyoD and Mef2 on the target promoters was identified. Their interactions were resulted in upregulation of the transcription activities shown with increased luciferase activity. Interruption of demethylase activity of LSD1 using shRNA or chemical inhibitor, pargyline, treatment led to aberrant histone codes on myogenic promoters during skeletal muscle differentiation. We also demonstrate that inhibition of LSD1 impairs C2C12 mouse myoblast differentiation. Our results show for the first time the regulatory mechanism of myogenesis involving histone demethylase. Altogether, the present study suggests a de-repression model and expands the understanding on the dynamic regulation of chromatin during myogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinmi Choi
- National Research Laboratory for Metabolic Checkpoint, Departments of Biomedical Sciences and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-799, Republic of Korea
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Cho IR, Koh SS, Min HJ, Park EH, Ratakorn S, Jhun BH, Jeong SH, Yoo YH, Youn HD, Johnston RN, Chung YH. Down-regulation of HIF-1α by oncolytic reovirus infection independently of VHL and p53. Cancer Gene Ther 2010; 17:365-72. [DOI: 10.1038/cgt.2009.84] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Abstract
Parafibromin, a component of the RNA polymerase II-associated PAF1 complex, is a tumor suppressor linked to hyperparathyroidism-jaw tumor syndrome and sporadic parathyroid carcinoma. Parafibromin induces cell cycle arrest by repressing cyclin D1 via an unknown mechanism. Here, we show that parafibromin interacts with the histone methyltransferase, SUV39H1, and functions as a transcriptional repressor. The central region (128–227 amino acids) of parafibromin is important for both the interaction with SUV39H1 and transcriptional repression. Parafibromin associated with the promoter and coding regions of cyclin D1 and was required for the recruitment of SUV39H1 and the induction of H3 K9 methylation but not H3 K4 methylation. RNA interference analysis showed that SUV39H1 was critical for cyclin D1 repression. These data suggest that parafibromin plays an unexpected role as a repressor in addition to its widely known activity associated with transcriptional activation. Parafibromin as a part of the PAF1 complex might downregulate cyclin D1 expression by integrating repressive H3 K9 methylation during transcription.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Jin Yang
- College of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 440-746, Republic of Korea
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Kim Y, Lee YI, Seo M, Kim SY, Lee JE, Youn HD, Kim YS, Juhnn YS. Calcineurin dephosphorylates glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta at serine-9 in neuroblast-derived cells. J Neurochem 2009; 111:344-54. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2009.06318.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Abstract
Down syndrome critical region 1 (DSCR1), an oxidative stress-response gene, interacts with calcineurin and represses its phosphatase activity. Recently it was shown that hydrogen peroxide inactivates calcineurin by proteolytic cleavage. Based on these facts, we investigated whether oxidative stress affects DSCR1- mediated inactivation of calcineurin. We determined that overexpression of DSCR1 leads to increased proteolytic cleavage of calcineurin. Convertsely, knockdown of DSCR1 abolished calcineurin cleavage upon treatment with hydrogen peroxide. The PXIIXT motif in the COOH-terminus of DSCR1 is responsible for both binding and cleavage of calcineurin. The knockdown of overexpressed DSCR1 in DS fibroblast cells also abrogated calcineurin proteolysis by hydrogen peroxide. These results suggest that DSCR1 has the ability to inactivate calcineurin by inducing proteolytic cleavage of calcineurin upon oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Eun Lee
- National Research Laboratory for Metabolic Checkpoint, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-799, Korea
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Lee SM, Kim JH, Cho EJ, Youn HD. A nucleocytoplasmic malate dehydrogenase regulates p53 transcriptional activity in response to metabolic stress. Cell Death Differ 2009; 16:738-48. [DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2009.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
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Kim BJ, Kang KM, Jung SY, Choi HK, Seo JH, Chae JH, Cho EJ, Youn HD, Qin J, Kim ST. Esco2 is a novel corepressor that associates with various chromatin modifying enzymes. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2008; 372:298-304. [PMID: 18501190 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2008.05.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2008] [Accepted: 05/14/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Accurate chromosome segregation during cell division requires that sister chromatids are kept together by cohesin complex until anaphase, when the chromatids separate and distribute to the two daughter cells. Esco2 is an acetyltransferase that is required for the establishment of sister chromatid cohesion during S phase. Here, we report that Esco2 interacts with several component proteins of the CoREST complex, including a transcription corepressor CoREST, histone demethlyase LSD1, HDAC1, HDAC2, BRAF35, and PHF21A. Esco2 also interacts with various histone methyltransferases Suv39h1, SETDB1 and G9a. Esco2 complex purified from HeLa nuclear extract possesses histone H3 K9 methylation activity and functions as a transcription repressor. Esco2 fused to Gal4 DNA binding domain represses transcription by increasing methylation of histone H3 K9 in the promoter region. These results suggest a novel function of Esco2 in transcription repression through modulation of the chromatin structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beom-Jun Kim
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 300 Chunchun-dong, Jangan-gu, Suwon, Kyonggi-do 440-746, Republic of Korea
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Kim HJ, Seol JH, Han JW, Youn HD, Cho EJ. Histone chaperones regulate histone exchange during transcription. EMBO J 2007; 26:4467-74. [PMID: 17914459 PMCID: PMC2063486 DOI: 10.1038/sj.emboj.7601870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2007] [Accepted: 09/04/2007] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Transcription by RNA polymerase II is accompanied by dynamic changes in chromatin, including the eviction/deposition of nucleosomes or the covalent modification of histone subunits. This study examined the role of the histone H3/H4 chaperones, Asf1 and HIR, in histone mobility during transcription, with particular focus on the histone exchange pathway, using a dual histone expression system. The results showed that the exchange of H3/H4 normally occurs during transcription by the histone chaperones. Both Asf1 and HIR are important for histone deposition but have a different effect on histone exchange. While Asf1 mediated incorporation of external H3/H4 and renewal of pre-existing histones, HIR opposed it. The balance of two opposing activities might be an important mechanism for determining current chromatin states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Jin Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Ja-Hwan Seol
- College of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeung-Whan Han
- College of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong-Duk Youn
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Jung Cho
- College of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
- College of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, 300 Chencheon-dong, Jangan-gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 440-746, Republic of Korea. Tel.: +82 31 290 7781; Fax +82 31 292 8800; E-mail:
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Jang H, Cho EJ, Youn HD. A new calcineurin inhibition domain in Cabin1. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2007; 359:129-35. [PMID: 17531200 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2007.05.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2007] [Revised: 05/11/2007] [Accepted: 05/11/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Calcineurin (CN), a calcium-activated phosphatase, plays a critical role in various biological processes including T cell activation. Cabin1, a calcineurin binding protein 1, has been shown to bind directly to CN using its C-terminal region and inhibit CN activity. However, no increase in CN activity has been found in Cabin1DeltaC T cells, which produce a truncated Cabin1 lacking the C-terminal CN binding region. Here, we report that Cabin1 has additional CN binding domain in its 701-900 amino acid residues. Cabin1 (701-900) blocked both CN-mediated dephosphorylation and nuclear import of NFAT and thus inhibited IL-2 production in response to PMA/ionomycin stimulation. This fact may explain why Cabin1DeltaC mice previously showed no significant defect in CN-mediated signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyonchol Jang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cancer Research Institute, Interdisciplinary Program in Genetic Engineering, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 28 Yongon-dong, Chongro-gu, Seoul 110-799, Republic of Korea
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Lee MW, Kim BJ, Choi HK, Ryu MJ, Kim SB, Kang KM, Cho EJ, Youn HD, Huh WK, Kim ST. Global protein expression profiling of budding yeast in response to DNA damage. Yeast 2007; 24:145-54. [PMID: 17351896 DOI: 10.1002/yea.1446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure to DNA-damaging agents can activate cell cycle checkpoint and DNA repair processes to ensure genetic integrity. Such exposures also can affect the transcription of many genes required for these processes. In the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, changes of global gene expression as a result of a DNA-damaging agent were previously identified by using DNA chip technology. DNA microarray analysis is a powerful tool for identifying genes whose expressions are changed in response to environmental changes. Transcriptional levels, however, do not necessarily reflect cellular protein levels. Green fluorescent protein (GFP) has been widely used as a reporter of gene expression and subcellular protein localization. We have used 4156 yeast strains expressing full-length, chromosome-tagged GFP fusion proteins to monitor changes of protein levels in response to the DNA-damaging agent, methyl methanesulphonate (MMS). Through flow cytometry, we identified 157 proteins whose levels were increased at least three-fold following treatment with MMS. Of 157 responsible genes, transcriptions of 57 were previously not known to be induced by MMS. Immunoblot experiments with tandem affinity-tagged yeast strains under the same experimental conditions confirmed these newly found proteins as inducible. These results suggest, therefore, that the 57 protein expressions are regulated by different mechanisms, such as post-translational modifications, and not by transcriptional regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Woo Lee
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 300 Chunchun-dong, Jangan-gu, Suwon, Kyonggi-do 440-746, Republic of Korea
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45
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Abstract
Myocyte enhancer factor 2 (MEF2) plays pivotal roles in various biological processes, and its transcriptional activity is regulated by histone acetylation/deacetylation enzymes in a calcium-dependent fashion. A calcineurin-binding protein 1 (Cabin1) has been shown to participate in repression of MEF2 by recruiting mSin3 and its associated histone deacetylases. Here, we report that histone methylation also takes a part in Cabin1-mediated repression of MEF2. Immunoprecipitate of Cabin1 complex can methylate histone H3 by association with SUV39H1. SUV39H1 increased Cabin1-mediated repression of MEF2 transcriptional activity in MEF2-targeting promoters. The SUV39H1 was revealed to bind to the 501-900-amino acid region of Cabin1, which was distinct from its histone deacetylase-recruiting domain. In addition, the Gal4-Cabin1-(501-900) alone repressed a constitutively active Gal4-tk-promoter, indicating that Cabin1 recruits SUV39H1 and represses transcriptional activity. Finally, both SUV39H1 and Cabin1 were shown to bind on the MEF2 target promoter in a calcium-dependent manner. Thus, Cabin1 recruits chromatin-modifying enzymes, both histone deacetylases and a histone methyltransferase, to repress MEF2 transcriptional activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyonchol Jang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cancer Research Institute, Interdisciplinary Program in Genetic Engineering, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-799, Republic of Korea
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46
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Abstract
Increases in the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) are correlated with a decrease in calcineurin (CN) activity under oxidative or neuropathological conditions. However, the molecular mechanism underlying this ROS-mediated CN inactivation remains unclear. Here, we describe a mechanism for the inactivation of CN by hydrogen peroxide. The treatment of mouse primary cortical neuron cells with Abeta(1-42) peptide and hydrogen peroxide triggered the proteolytic cleavage of CN and decreased its enzymatic activity. In addition, hydrogen peroxide was found to cleave CN in different types of cells. Calcium influx was not involved in CN inactivation during hydrogen peroxide-mediated cleavage, but CN cleavage was partially blocked by chloroquine, indicating that an unidentified lysosomal protease is probably involved in its hydrogen peroxide-mediated cleavage. Treatment with hydrogen peroxide triggered CN cleavage at a specific sequence within its catalytic domain, and the cleaved form of CN had no enzymatic ability to dephosphorylate nuclear factor in activated T cells. Thus, our findings suggest a molecular mechanism by which hydrogen peroxide inactivates CN by proteolysis in ROS-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Eun Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cancer Research Institute, Interdisciplinary Program in Genetic Engineering, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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Seol JH, Kim HJ, Yang YJ, Kim ST, Youn HD, Han JW, Lee HW, Cho EJ. Different roles of histone H3 lysine 4 methylation in chromatin maintenance. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2006; 349:463-70. [PMID: 16959218 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2006.08.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2006] [Accepted: 08/22/2006] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Histone H3 methyltransferases are involved in the epigenetic control of transcription and heterochromatin maintenance. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, deletion of a histone H3 methyltransferase SET1 leads to the induction of a subset of stress responsive genes in a Rad53 dependent manner. This type of induction was observed only in the absence of SET1 and not in the absence of other histone methyltransferases, SET2 or DOT1. We show that the increased expression of the stress responsive genes results from a lack of histone H3 lysine (K) 4 methylation. The loss of mono-methylation on H3 K4 is necessary to increase the expression of the stress responsive genes, while the loss of di- or tri-methylation induced by deletion of either RRM domain of Set1 or the upstream effector molecules hardly affected their expression. These results suggest that mono- and multiple methylation of H3 K4 have different roles. The mono-methylation of H3 K4 might be required for the global integrity of chromatin structure, which is normally monitored by the Rad53 dependent chromatin surveillance system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ja-Hwan Seol
- College of Pharmacy Sungkyunkwan University, 300 Cheoncheon-dong, Jangan-gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 440-746, South Korea
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48
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Cho CH, Seo M, Lee YI, Kim SY, Youn HD, Juhnn YS. Dibutyryl cAMP stimulates the proliferation of SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells by up-regulating Skp2 protein. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2006; 133:135-44. [PMID: 17004068 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-006-0153-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2006] [Accepted: 08/02/2006] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE We previously found that the proliferation of SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells is stimulated when cAMP is up-regulated by stable expression of stimulatory G protein. Therefore, this study was performed to investigate the mechanism whereby cAMP stimulates the proliferation of SH-SY5Y cells. METHODS To investigate the effect of cAMP on cellular proliferation, SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells were treated with dibutyryl cAMP (dbcAMP), and then cell growth, thymidine incorporation and cell cycle phase distribution were analyzed. The expression and the activity of the molecules that regulate cell cycle progression were monitored by Western blot, RT-PCR, and kinase activity assay. RESULTS Treatment with dbcAMP produced a biphasic effect on cellular proliferation; especially treatment with low concentration of dbcAMP (0.5 mM) showed a higher cellular proliferation rate and promoted G1/S transition in cell cycle. The dbcAMP (0.5 mM) treatment increased CDK2 activity, and it significantly decreased p27Kip1 expression with a decreased half-life of p27Kip1 protein. Moreover, dbcAMP (0.5 mM) increased the protein level and the stability of Skp2 with a concomitant decrease in its ubiquitination. CONCLUSIONS cAMP up-regulates Skp2 protein by reducing its degradation probably through decreasing the ubiquitination of Skp2, which might result in accelerated degradation of p27Kip1, increase in CDK2 activity, and stimulation of SH-SY5Y cell proliferation in sequence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chin-Ho Cho
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Laboratory of Cellular Signaling, Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 28 Yongon-dong, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 110-799, South Korea
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Abstract
The ubiquitin-mediated degradation of hypoxia-inducible factor-alpha (HIF-alpha) by a von Hippel-Lindau tumor suppressor protein (pVHL) is mechanistically responsible for controlling gene expression due to oxygen availability. Germline mutations in the VHL gene cause dysregulation of HIF and induce an autosomal dominant cancer syndrome referred to as VHL disease. However, it is unclear whether HIF accumulation caused by VHL mutations is sufficient for tumorigenesis. Recently, we found that pVHL directly associates and positively regulates the tumor suppressor p53 by inhibiting Mdm2-mediated ubiquitination, and by subsequently recruiting p53-modifying enzymes. Moreover, VHL-deleted RCC cells showed attenuated apoptosis or abnormal cell-cycle arrest upon DNA damage, but became normal when pVHL was restored. Thus, pVHL appears to play a pivotal role in tumor suppression by participating actively as a component of p53 transactivation complex during DNA damage response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Seok Roe
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cancer Research Institute, Interdisciplinary Program in Genetic Engineering, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Kim H, Kim BY, Soh JW, Cho EJ, Liu JO, Youn HD. A novel function of Nur77: physical and functional association with protein kinase C. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2006; 348:950-6. [PMID: 16904076 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2006.07.167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2006] [Accepted: 07/21/2006] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Despite the involvement in diverse physiological process and pleiotropic expression profile, the molecular functions of Nur77 are not likely to be fully elucidated. From the effort to find a novel function of Nur77, we detected molecular interaction between Nur77 and PKC. Details of interaction revealed that C-terminal ligand binding domain (LBD) of Nur77 specifically interacted with highly conserved glycine-rich loop of PKC required for catalytic activity. This molecular interaction resulted in inhibition of catalytic activity of PKCtheta by Nur77. C-terminal LBD of Nur77 is sufficient for inhibiting the phosphorylation of substrate by PKCtheta. Ultimately, inhibition of catalytic activity by Nur77 is deeply associated with repression of PKC-mediated activation of AP-1 and NF-kappaB. Therefore, these findings demonstrate a novel function of Nur77 as a PKC inhibitor and give insights into molecular mechanisms of various Nur77-mediated physiological phenomena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyungsoo Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cancer Research Institute, Interdisciplinary Program in Genetic Engineering, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 28 Yongon-dong, Chongro-gu, Seoul 110-799, Republic of Korea
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