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Pujari R, Dubey SK. Relevance of glyco-biomakers and glycan profiles in cancer stem cells. Glycobiology 2024; 34:cwad019. [PMID: 36864577 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwad019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Altered and aberrant glycosylation signatures have been linked to being a hallmark in a variety of human disorders including cancer. Cancer stem cells (CSCs), capable of self-renewal and differentiation, have recently been credited with a unique notion of disease genesis and implicated as the cause for initiation and recurrence of the disease in a new regime of neoplastic transformations hypothesis. Many biomarkers relating to diagnostic and prognostic intents have been discovered using the ubiquitous and abundant surface glycan patterns on CSCs. Various technological advancements have been developed to identify and determine concerns with glycosylation structure. However, the nature and purpose of the glycan moiety on these glycosylation pattern have not yet been thoroughly investigated. This review, thus, summarizes the process of glycosylation in CSCs, variations in glycosylation patterns in various stem cells, aberrant glycosylation patterns in cancer, the role of glycosylation in tumor cell adhesion, cell-matrix interactions, and signaling, as well as cancer detection and treatment. The function of carbohydrates as prospective serum biomarkers, some clinically authorized biomarkers, and potential novel biomarkers relating to cancer disease diagnosis and prognosis are also discussed in the review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohit Pujari
- Department of Biochemistry, C.B.S.H., G. B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar 263145, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Shiv Kumar Dubey
- Department of Biochemistry, C.B.S.H., G. B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar 263145, Uttarakhand, India
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2
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Wadgaonkar P, Wang Z, Chen F. Endoplasmic reticulum stress responses and epigenetic alterations in arsenic carcinogenesis. Environ Pollut 2024; 347:123565. [PMID: 38373625 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.123565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
Arsenic is a well-known human carcinogen whose environmental exposure via drinking water, food, and air impacts millions of people across the globe. Various mechanisms of arsenic carcinogenesis have been identified, ranging from damage caused by excessive production of free radicals and epigenetic alterations to the generation of cancer stem cells. A growing body of evidence supports the critical involvement of the endoplasmic stress-activated unfolded protein response (UPR) in promoting as well as suppressing cancer development/progression. Various in vitro and in vivo models have also demonstrated that arsenic induces the UPR via activation of the PERK, IRE1α, and ATF6 proteins. In this review, we discuss the mechanisms of arsenic-induced endoplasmic reticulum stress and the role of each UPR pathway in the various cancer types with a focus on the epigenetic regulation and function of the ATF6 protein. The importance of UPR in arsenic carcinogenesis and cancer stem cells is a relatively new area of research that requires additional investigations via various omics-based and computational tools. These approaches will provide interesting insights into the mechanisms of arsenic-induced cancers for prospective target identification and development of novel anti-cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Wadgaonkar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, 259 Mack Avenue, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Ziwei Wang
- Stony Brook Cancer Center, Department of Pathology, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Lauterbur Drive, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| | - Fei Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, 259 Mack Avenue, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA; Stony Brook Cancer Center, Department of Pathology, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Lauterbur Drive, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA.
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3
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Tang X, Zeng P, Liu K, Qing L, Sun Y, Liu X, Lu L, Wei C, Wang J, Jiang S, Sun J, Chang W, Yu H, Chen H, Zhou J, Xu C, Fan L, Miao YL, Ding J. The PTM profiling of CTCF reveals the regulation of 3D chromatin structure by O-GlcNAcylation. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2813. [PMID: 38561336 PMCID: PMC10985093 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47048-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
CCCTC-binding factor (CTCF), a ubiquitously expressed and highly conserved protein, is known to play a critical role in chromatin structure. Post-translational modifications (PTMs) diversify the functions of protein to regulate numerous cellular processes. However, the effects of PTMs on the genome-wide binding of CTCF and the organization of three-dimensional (3D) chromatin structure have not been fully understood. In this study, we uncovered the PTM profiling of CTCF and demonstrated that CTCF can be O-GlcNAcylated and arginine methylated. Functionally, we demonstrated that O-GlcNAcylation inhibits CTCF binding to chromatin. Meanwhile, deficiency of CTCF O-GlcNAcylation results in the disruption of loop domains and the alteration of chromatin loops associated with cellular development. Furthermore, the deficiency of CTCF O-GlcNAcylation increases the expression of developmental genes and negatively regulates maintenance and establishment of stem cell pluripotency. In conclusion, these results provide key insights into the role of PTMs for the 3D chromatin structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuxiao Tang
- RNA Biomedical Institute, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518107, China
- Advanced Medical Technology Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Tissue Engineering, Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
- Department of Pharmacology and Cardiac & Cerebral Vascular Research Center, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Pengguihang Zeng
- RNA Biomedical Institute, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518107, China
- Advanced Medical Technology Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Tissue Engineering, Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Kezhi Liu
- RNA Biomedical Institute, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518107, China
- Advanced Medical Technology Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Tissue Engineering, Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Li Qing
- RNA Biomedical Institute, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518107, China
- Advanced Medical Technology Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Tissue Engineering, Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Yifei Sun
- RNA Biomedical Institute, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518107, China
- Advanced Medical Technology Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Tissue Engineering, Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Xinyi Liu
- RNA Biomedical Institute, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518107, China
- Advanced Medical Technology Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Tissue Engineering, Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Lizi Lu
- RNA Biomedical Institute, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518107, China
- Advanced Medical Technology Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Tissue Engineering, Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Chao Wei
- RNA Biomedical Institute, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518107, China
- Advanced Medical Technology Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Tissue Engineering, Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Jia Wang
- GMU-GIBH Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Shaoshuai Jiang
- RNA Biomedical Institute, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518107, China
- Advanced Medical Technology Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Tissue Engineering, Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Jun Sun
- West China Biomedical Big Data Center, West China Hospital/West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
- Med-X Center for Informatics, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Wakam Chang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China
| | - Haopeng Yu
- West China Biomedical Big Data Center, West China Hospital/West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
- Med-X Center for Informatics, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Hebing Chen
- Institute of Health Service and Transfusion Medicine, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Jiaguo Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology and Cardiac & Cerebral Vascular Research Center, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Chengfang Xu
- The obstetric and gynecology Department of The third affiliated hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Lili Fan
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Formula-Pattern of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Yi-Liang Miao
- Institute of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
| | - Junjun Ding
- RNA Biomedical Institute, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518107, China.
- Advanced Medical Technology Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Tissue Engineering, Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
- West China Biomedical Big Data Center, West China Hospital/West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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4
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Du P, Zhang X, Lian X, Hölscher C, Xue G. O-GlcNAcylation and Its Roles in Neurodegenerative Diseases. J Alzheimers Dis 2024; 97:1051-1068. [PMID: 38250776 DOI: 10.3233/jad-230955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
As a non-classical post-translational modification, O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) modification (O-GlcNAcylation) is widely found in human organ systems, particularly in our brains, and is indispensable for healthy cell biology. With the increasing age of the global population, the incidence of neurodegenerative diseases is increasing, too. The common characteristic of these disorders is the aggregation of abnormal proteins in the brain. Current research has found that O-GlcNAcylation dysregulation is involved in misfolding or aggregation of these abnormal proteins to mediate disease progression, but the specific mechanism has not been defined. This paper reviews recent studies on O-GlcNAcylation's roles in several neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Huntington's disease, Machado-Joseph's disease, and giant axonal neuropathy, and shows that O-GlcNAcylation, as glucose metabolism sensor, mediating synaptic function, participating in oxidative stress response and signaling pathway conduction, directly or indirectly regulates characteristic pathological protein toxicity and affects disease progression. The existing results suggest that targeting O-GlcNAcylation will provide new ideas for clinical diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengyang Du
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xiaomin Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xia Lian
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Christian Hölscher
- Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Guofang Xue
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
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5
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Mitchell CW, Galan Bartual S, Ferenbach AT, Scavenius C, van Aalten DMF. Exploiting O-GlcNAc transferase promiscuity to dissect site-specific O-GlcNAcylation. Glycobiology 2023; 33:1172-1181. [PMID: 37856504 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwad086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein O-GlcNAcylation is an evolutionary conserved post-translational modification catalysed by the nucleocytoplasmic O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) and reversed by O-GlcNAcase (OGA). How site-specific O-GlcNAcylation modulates a diverse range of cellular processes is largely unknown. A limiting factor in studying this is the lack of accessible techniques capable of producing homogeneously O-GlcNAcylated proteins, in high yield, for in vitro studies. Here, we exploit the tolerance of OGT for cysteine instead of serine, combined with a co-expressed OGA to achieve site-specific, highly homogeneous mono-glycosylation. Applying this to DDX3X, TAB1, and CK2α, we demonstrate that near-homogeneous mono-S-GlcNAcylation of these proteins promotes DDX3X and CK2α solubility and enables production of mono-S-GlcNAcylated TAB1 crystals, albeit with limited diffraction. Taken together, this work provides a new approach for functional dissection of protein O-GlcNAcylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Conor W Mitchell
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Universitetsbyen 81, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
- Division of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dow St., Dundee, DD1 5EH, United Kingdom
| | - Sergio Galan Bartual
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Universitetsbyen 81, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Andrew T Ferenbach
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Universitetsbyen 81, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Carsten Scavenius
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Universitetsbyen 81, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Daan M F van Aalten
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Universitetsbyen 81, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
- Division of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dow St., Dundee, DD1 5EH, United Kingdom
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6
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Ye L, Ding W, Xiao D, Jia Y, Zhao Z, Ao X, Wang J. O-GlcNAcylation: cellular physiology and therapeutic target for human diseases. MedComm (Beijing) 2023; 4:e456. [PMID: 38116061 PMCID: PMC10728774 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
O-linked-β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAcylation) is a distinctive posttranslational protein modification involving the coordinated action of O-GlcNAc transferase and O-GlcNAcase, primarily targeting serine or threonine residues in various proteins. This modification impacts protein functionality, influencing stability, protein-protein interactions, and localization. Its interaction with other modifications such as phosphorylation and ubiquitination is becoming increasingly evident. Dysregulation of O-GlcNAcylation is associated with numerous human diseases, including diabetes, nervous system degeneration, and cancers. This review extensively explores the regulatory mechanisms of O-GlcNAcylation, its effects on cellular physiology, and its role in the pathogenesis of diseases. It examines the implications of aberrant O-GlcNAcylation in diabetes and tumorigenesis, highlighting novel insights into its potential role in cardiovascular diseases. The review also discusses the interplay of O-GlcNAcylation with other protein modifications and its impact on cell growth and metabolism. By synthesizing current research, this review elucidates the multifaceted roles of O-GlcNAcylation, providing a comprehensive reference for future studies. It underscores the potential of targeting the O-GlcNAcylation cycle in developing novel therapeutic strategies for various pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Ye
- School of Basic MedicineQingdao UniversityQingdaoChina
| | - Wei Ding
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao UniversityQingdao Medical CollegeQingdao UniversityQingdaoChina
| | - Dandan Xiao
- School of Basic MedicineQingdao UniversityQingdaoChina
| | - Yi Jia
- School of Basic MedicineQingdao UniversityQingdaoChina
| | - Zhonghao Zhao
- School of Basic MedicineQingdao UniversityQingdaoChina
| | - Xiang Ao
- School of Basic MedicineQingdao UniversityQingdaoChina
| | - Jianxun Wang
- School of Basic MedicineQingdao UniversityQingdaoChina
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Mejia Peña C, Skipper TA, Hsu J, Schechter I, Ghosh D, Dawson MR. Metronomic and single high-dose paclitaxel treatments produce distinct heterogenous chemoresistant cancer cell populations. Sci Rep 2023; 13:19232. [PMID: 37932310 PMCID: PMC10628134 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-46055-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023] Open
Abstract
More than 75% of epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) patients experience disease recurrence after initial treatment, highlighting our incomplete understanding of how chemoresistant populations evolve over the course of EOC progression post chemotherapy treatment. Here, we show how two paclitaxel (PTX) treatment methods- a single high dose and a weekly metronomic dose for four weeks, generate unique chemoresistant populations. Using mechanically relevant alginate microspheres and a combination of transcript profiling and heterogeneity analyses, we found that these PTX-treatment regimens produce distinct and resilient subpopulations that differ in metabolic reprogramming signatures, acquisition of resistance to PTX and anoikis, and the enrichment for cancer stem cells (CSCs) and polyploid giant cancer cells (PGCCs) with the ability to replenish bulk populations. We investigated the longevity of these metabolic reprogramming events using untargeted metabolomics and found that metabolites associated with stemness and therapy-induced senescence were uniquely abundant in populations enriched for CSCs and PGCCs. Predictive network analysis revealed that antioxidative mechanisms were likely to be differentially active dependent on both time and exposure to PTX. Our results illustrate how current standard chemotherapies contribute to the development of chemoresistant EOC subpopulations by either selecting for intrinsically resistant subpopulations or promoting the evolution of resistance mechanisms. Additionally, our work describes the unique phenotypic signatures in each of these distinct resistant subpopulations and thus highlights potential vulnerabilities that can be exploited for more effective treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Mejia Peña
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology, and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02912, USA
| | - Thomas A Skipper
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02912, USA
| | - Jeffrey Hsu
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology, and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02912, USA
| | - Ilexa Schechter
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology, and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02912, USA
| | - Deepraj Ghosh
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology, and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02912, USA
| | - Michelle R Dawson
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology, and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02912, USA.
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02912, USA.
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Abstract
Significance: The architecture of the mitochondrial network and cristae critically impact cell differentiation and identity. Cells undergoing metabolic reprogramming to aerobic glycolysis (Warburg effect), such as immune cells, stem cells, and cancer cells, go through controlled modifications in mitochondrial architecture, which is critical for achieving the resulting cellular phenotype. Recent Advances: Recent studies in immunometabolism have shown that the manipulation of mitochondrial network dynamics and cristae shape directly affects T cell phenotype and macrophage polarization through altering energy metabolism. Similar manipulations also alter the specific metabolic phenotypes that accompany somatic reprogramming, stem cell differentiation, and cancer cells. The modulation of oxidative phosphorylation activity, accompanied by changes in metabolite signaling, reactive oxygen species generation, and adenosine triphosphate levels, is the shared underlying mechanism. Critical Issues: The plasticity of mitochondrial architecture is particularly vital for metabolic reprogramming. Consequently, failure to adapt the appropriate mitochondrial morphology often compromises the differentiation and identity of the cell. Immune, stem, and tumor cells exhibit striking similarities in their coordination of mitochondrial morphology with metabolic pathways. However, although many general unifying principles can be observed, their validity is not absolute, and the mechanistic links thus need to be further explored. Future Directions: Better knowledge of the molecular mechanisms involved and their relationships to both mitochondrial network and cristae morphology will not only further deepen our understanding of energy metabolism but may also contribute to improved therapeutic manipulation of cell viability, differentiation, proliferation, and identity in many different cell types. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 39, 684-707.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ippei Kawano
- Laboratory of Mitochondrial Physiology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Bazila Bazila
- Laboratory of Mitochondrial Physiology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
- First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Ježek
- Laboratory of Mitochondrial Physiology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Andrea Dlasková
- Laboratory of Mitochondrial Physiology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
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9
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Fang NW, Huang YS, Yin CH, Chen JS, Chiou YH. Maternal risk factors in offspring with congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract in Asian women. Pediatr Nephrol 2023; 38:3065-3070. [PMID: 37052690 DOI: 10.1007/s00467-023-05954-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT) are the primary cause of pediatric chronic kidney disease. Maternal body mass index (BMI) before pregnancy, pregestational diabetic mellitus (DM), and gestational diabetic mellitus (GDM) are potential modifiable risk factors for CAKUT in offspring. METHODS In this case control study, 4619 neonates were enrolled during 2012-2020 from Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital in Taiwan. Maternal risk factors before and during pregnancy were compared in children with and without CAKUT. The yearly incidence of CAKUT in offspring and maternal overweight were recorded. RESULTS In total, 73 (1.6%) cases of CAKUT in offspring were identified. Maternal overweight before pregnancy (BMI ≥ 24 kg/m2) was an independent risk factor for CAKUT in offspring. No associations of pregestational DM and GDM with CAKUT in offspring were observed. The incidence rates of CAKUT and maternal obesity have increased in the past 10 years. CONCLUSIONS Maternal obesity before pregnancy is associated with CAKUT in offspring and should be addressed to ensure better outcomes. A higher resolution version of the Graphical abstract is available as Supplementary information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nai-Wen Fang
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Pediatrics, Pingtung Veterans General Hospital, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Shan Huang
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Hao Yin
- Department of Medical Education and Research, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Jin-Shuen Chen
- Department of Administration, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yee-Hsuan Chiou
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Fooyin University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
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10
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Conte F, Noga MJ, van Scherpenzeel M, Veizaj R, Scharn R, Sam JE, Palumbo C, van den Brandt FCA, Freund C, Soares E, Zhou H, Lefeber DJ. Isotopic Tracing of Nucleotide Sugar Metabolism in Human Pluripotent Stem Cells. Cells 2023; 12:1765. [PMID: 37443799 PMCID: PMC10340731 DOI: 10.3390/cells12131765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolism not only produces energy necessary for the cell but is also a key regulator of several cellular functions, including pluripotency and self-renewal. Nucleotide sugars (NSs) are activated sugars that link glucose metabolism with cellular functions via protein N-glycosylation and O-GlcNAcylation. Thus, understanding how different metabolic pathways converge in the synthesis of NSs is critical to explore new opportunities for metabolic interference and modulation of stem cell functions. Tracer-based metabolomics is suited for this challenge, however chemically-defined, customizable media for stem cell culture in which nutrients can be replaced with isotopically labeled analogs are scarcely available. Here, we established a customizable flux-conditioned E8 (FC-E8) medium that enables stem cell culture with stable isotopes for metabolic tracing, and a dedicated liquid chromatography mass-spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method targeting metabolic pathways converging in NS biosynthesis. By 13C6-glucose feeding, we successfully traced the time-course of carbon incorporation into NSs directly via glucose, and indirectly via other pathways, such as glycolysis and pentose phosphate pathways, in induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) and embryonic stem cells. Then, we applied these tools to investigate the NS biosynthesis in hiPSC lines from a patient affected by deficiency of phosphoglucomutase 1 (PGM1), an enzyme regulating the synthesis of the two most abundant NSs, UDP-glucose and UDP-galactose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Conte
- Department of Neurology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Marek J. Noga
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Maastricht University Medical Center, 6229 HX Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Translational Metabolic Laboratory, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Raisa Veizaj
- Department of Neurology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Rik Scharn
- Department of Neurology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Juda-El Sam
- Department of Neurology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Chiara Palumbo
- Department of Neurology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Eduardo Soares
- Department of Molecular Developmental Biology, Faculty of Science, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Neurology, Amsterdam University Medical Centres, Location Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam Neuroscience, University of Amsterdam, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Huiqing Zhou
- Department of Neurology, Amsterdam University Medical Centres, Location Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam Neuroscience, University of Amsterdam, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Dirk J. Lefeber
- Department of Neurology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- GlycoMScan B.V., 5349 AB Oss, The Netherlands
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11
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Omelková M, Fenger CD, Murray M, Hammer TB, Pravata VM, Bartual SG, Czajewski I, Bayat A, Ferenbach AT, Stavridis MP, van Aalten DMF. An O-GlcNAc transferase pathogenic variant linked to intellectual disability affects pluripotent stem cell self-renewal. Dis Model Mech 2023; 16:dmm049132. [PMID: 37334838 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.049132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023] Open
Abstract
O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) transferase (OGT) is an essential enzyme that modifies proteins with O-GlcNAc. Inborn OGT genetic variants were recently shown to mediate a novel type of congenital disorder of glycosylation (OGT-CDG), which is characterised by X-linked intellectual disability (XLID) and developmental delay. Here, we report an OGTC921Y variant that co-segregates with XLID and epileptic seizures, and results in loss of catalytic activity. Colonies formed by mouse embryonic stem cells carrying OGTC921Y showed decreased levels of protein O-GlcNAcylation accompanied by decreased levels of Oct4 (encoded by Pou5f1), Sox2 and extracellular alkaline phosphatase (ALP), implying reduced self-renewal capacity. These data establish a link between OGT-CDG and embryonic stem cell self-renewal, providing a foundation for examining the developmental aetiology of this syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaela Omelková
- Division of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK
| | - Christina Dühring Fenger
- Department of Epilepsy Genetics, Filadelfia Danish Epilepsy Centre, Dianalund 4293, Denmark
- Amplexa Genetics A/S, Odense 5000, Denmark
| | - Marta Murray
- Division of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK
| | - Trine Bjørg Hammer
- Department of Epilepsy Genetics, Filadelfia Danish Epilepsy Centre, Dianalund 4293, Denmark
| | - Veronica M Pravata
- Division of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK
| | - Sergio Galan Bartual
- Division of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus 8000, Denmark
| | - Ignacy Czajewski
- Division of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK
| | - Allan Bayat
- Department of Epilepsy Genetics, Filadelfia Danish Epilepsy Centre, Dianalund 4293, Denmark
| | - Andrew T Ferenbach
- Division of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus 8000, Denmark
| | - Marios P Stavridis
- Division of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK
| | - Daan M F van Aalten
- Division of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK
- Institute of Molecular Precision Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus 8000, Denmark
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12
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Abstract
O-GlcNAcylation is a dynamic post-translational modification performed by two opposing enzymes: O-GlcNAc transferase and O-GlcNAcase. O-GlcNAcylation is generally believed to act as a metabolic integrator in numerous signalling pathways. The stoichiometry of this modification is tightly controlled throughout all stages of development, with both hypo/hyper O-GlcNAcylation resulting in broad defects. In this Primer, we discuss the role of O-GlcNAcylation in developmental processes from stem cell maintenance and differentiation to cell and tissue morphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignacy Czajewski
- School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK
| | - Daan M F van Aalten
- School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK
- Institute of Molecular Precision Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410000, China
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, University of Aarhus, Aarhus 8000, Denmark
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13
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Hao Y, Li X, Qin K, Shi Y, He Y, Zhang C, Cheng B, Zhang X, Hu G, Liang S, Tang Q, Chen X. Chemoproteomic and Transcriptomic Analysis Reveals that O-GlcNAc Regulates Mouse Embryonic Stem Cell Fate through the Pluripotency Network. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202300500. [PMID: 36852467 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202300500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
Self-renewal and differentiation of embryonic stem cells (ESCs) are influenced by protein O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) modification, but the underlying mechanism remains incompletely understood. Herein, we report the identification of 979 O-GlcNAcylated proteins and 1340 modification sites in mouse ESCs (mESCs) by using a chemoproteomics method. In addition to OCT4 and SOX2, the third core pluripotency transcription factor (PTF) NANOG was found to be modified and functionally regulated by O-GlcNAc. Upon differentiation along the neuronal lineage, the O-GlcNAc stoichiometry at 123 sites of 83 proteins-several of which were PTFs-was found to decline. Transcriptomic profiling reveals 2456 differentially expressed genes responsive to OGT inhibition during differentiation, of which 901 are target genes of core PTFs. By acting on the core PTF network, suppression of O-GlcNAcylation upregulates neuron-related genes, thus contributing to mESC fate determination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Hao
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Synthetic and Functional Biomolecules Center, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Xiang Li
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Synthetic and Functional Biomolecules Center, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Ke Qin
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Synthetic and Functional Biomolecules Center, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Yujie Shi
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Synthetic and Functional Biomolecules Center, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Yanwen He
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Synthetic and Functional Biomolecules Center, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Che Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Synthetic and Functional Biomolecules Center, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Bo Cheng
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Synthetic and Functional Biomolecules Center, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Xiwen Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Synthetic and Functional Biomolecules Center, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Guangyu Hu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Synthetic and Functional Biomolecules Center, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Shuyu Liang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Synthetic and Functional Biomolecules Center, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Qi Tang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Synthetic and Functional Biomolecules Center, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Xing Chen
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Synthetic and Functional Biomolecules Center, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
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14
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Uygar B, Lagerlöf O. Brain O-GlcNAcylation: From Molecular Mechanisms to Clinical Phenotype. Advances in Neurobiology 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-12390-0_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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15
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Jia Y, Guo Z, Zhu J, Qin G, Sun W, Yin Y, Wang H, Guo R. Snap29 Is Dispensable for Self-Renewal Maintenance but Required for Proper Differentiation of Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24010750. [PMID: 36614195 PMCID: PMC9821219 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Pluripotent embryonic stem cells (ESCs) can self-renew indefinitely and are able to differentiate into all three embryonic germ layers. Synaptosomal-associated protein 29 (Snap29) is implicated in numerous intracellular membrane trafficking pathways, including autophagy, which is involved in the maintenance of ESC pluripotency. However, the function of Snap29 in the self-renewal and differentiation of ESCs remains elusive. Here, we show that Snap29 depletion via CRISPR/Cas does not impair the self-renewal and expression of pluripotency-associated factors in mouse ESCs. However, Snap29 deficiency enhances the differentiation of ESCs into cardiomyocytes, as indicated by heart-like beating cells. Furthermore, transcriptome analysis reveals that Snap29 depletion significantly decreased the expression of numerous genes required for germ layer differentiation. Interestingly, Snap29 deficiency does not cause autophagy blockage in ESCs, which might be rescued by the SNAP family member Snap47. Our data show that Snap29 is dispensable for self-renewal maintenance, but required for the proper differentiation of mouse ESCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumei Jia
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Zhaoyuan Guo
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Jiahao Zhu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Guanyu Qin
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Wenwen Sun
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yu Yin
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Haiying Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Renpeng Guo
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Correspondence:
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16
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Wenzel DM, Olivier-Van Stichelen S. The O-GlcNAc cycling in neurodevelopment and associated diseases. Biochem Soc Trans 2022; 50:1693-1702. [PMID: 36383066 PMCID: PMC10462390 DOI: 10.1042/bst20220539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Proper neuronal development is essential to growth and adult brain function. Alterations at any step of this highly organized sequence of events, due to genetic mutations or environmental factors, triggers brain malformations, which are leading causes of diseases including epilepsy, intellectual disabilities, and many others. The role of glycosylation in neuronal development has been emphasized for many years, notably in studying human congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDGs). These diseases highlight that genetic defects in glycosylation pathways are almost always associated with severe neurological abnormalities, suggesting that glycosylation plays an essential role in early brain development. Congenital disorders of O-GlcNAcylation are no exception, and all mutations of the O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) are associated with X-linked intellectual disabilities (XLID). In addition, mouse models and in vitro mechanistic studies have reinforced the essential role of O-GlcNAcylation in neuronal development and signaling. In this review, we give an overview of the role of O-GlcNAcylation in this critical physiological process and emphasize the consequences of its dysregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawn M Wenzel
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, U.S.A
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17
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Mannully CT, Bruck-Haimson R, Zacharia A, Orih P, Shehadeh A, Saidemberg D, Kogan NM, Alfandary S, Serruya R, Dagan A, Petit I, Moussaieff A. Lipid desaturation regulates the balance between self-renewal and differentiation in mouse blastocyst-derived stem cells. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:1027. [PMID: 36477438 PMCID: PMC9729213 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-05263-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Stem cells are defined by their ability to self-renew and differentiate, both shown in multiple studies to be regulated by metabolic processes. To decipher metabolic signatures of self-renewal in blastocyst-derived stem cells, we compared early differentiating embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and their extra-embryonic counterparts, trophoblast (T)SCs to their self-renewing counterparts. A metabolomics analysis pointed to the desaturation of fatty acyl chains as a metabolic signature of differentiating blastocyst-derived SCs via the upregulation of delta-6 desaturase (D6D; FADS2) and delta-5 desaturase (D5D; FADS1), key enzymes in the biosynthesis of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). The inhibition of D6D or D5D by specific inhibitors or SiRNA retained stemness in ESCs and TSCs, and attenuated endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-related apoptosis. D6D inhibition in ESCs upregulated stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 (Scd1), essential to maintain ER homeostasis. In TSCs, however, D6D inhibition downregulated Scd1. TSCs show higher Scd1 mRNA expression and high levels of monounsaturated fatty acyl chain products in comparison to ESCs. The addition of oleic acid, the product of Scd1 (essential for ESCs), to culture medium, was detrimental to TSCs. Interestingly, TSCs express a high molecular mass variant of Scd1 protein, hardly expressed by ESCs. Taken together, our data suggest that lipid desaturation is a metabolic regulator of the balance between differentiation and self-renewal of ESCs and TSCs. They point to lipid polydesaturation as a driver of differentiation in both cell types. Monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs), essential for ESCs are detrimental to TSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chanchal Thomas Mannully
- grid.9619.70000 0004 1937 0538The Institute for Drug Research, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Reut Bruck-Haimson
- grid.9619.70000 0004 1937 0538The Institute for Drug Research, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Anish Zacharia
- grid.9619.70000 0004 1937 0538The Institute for Drug Research, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Paul Orih
- grid.9619.70000 0004 1937 0538The Institute for Drug Research, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Alaa Shehadeh
- grid.9619.70000 0004 1937 0538The Institute for Drug Research, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Daniel Saidemberg
- grid.9619.70000 0004 1937 0538The Institute for Drug Research, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Natalya M. Kogan
- grid.9619.70000 0004 1937 0538The Institute for Drug Research, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Sivan Alfandary
- grid.9619.70000 0004 1937 0538The Institute for Drug Research, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Raphael Serruya
- grid.9619.70000 0004 1937 0538The Institute for Drug Research, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Arie Dagan
- grid.9619.70000 0004 1937 0538The Institute for Drug Research, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Isabelle Petit
- grid.465261.20000 0004 1793 5929Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, CRSA, Paris, France
| | - Arieh Moussaieff
- grid.9619.70000 0004 1937 0538The Institute for Drug Research, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
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18
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Wang W, Liu W, Chen Q, Yuan Y, Wang P. Targeting CSC-related transcription factors by E3 ubiquitin ligases for cancer therapy. Semin Cancer Biol 2022; 87:84-97. [PMID: 36371028 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2022.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Evidence has revealed that transcription factors play essential roles in regulation of multiple cellular processes, including cell proliferation, metastasis, EMT, cancer stem cells and chemoresistance. Dysregulated expression levels of transcription factors contribute to tumorigenesis and malignant progression. The expression of transcription factors is tightly governed by several signaling pathways, noncoding RNAs and E3 ubiquitin ligases. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) have been validated in regulation of tumor metastasis, reoccurrence and chemoresistance in human cancer. Transcription factors have been verified to participate in regulation of CSC formation, including Oct4, SOX2, KLF4, c-Myc, Nanog, GATA, SALL4, Bmi-1, OLIG2, POU3F2 and FOX proteins. In this review article, we will describe the critical role of CSC-related transcription factors. We will further discuss which E3 ligases regulate the degradation of these CSC-related transcription factors and their underlying mechanisms. We also mentioned the functions and mechanisms of EMT-associated transcription factors such as ZEB1, ZEB2, Snail, Slug, Twist1 and Twist2. Furthermore, we highlight the therapeutic potential via targeting E3 ubiquitin ligases for modulation of these transcription factors.
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Abstract
The modification of nuclear, mitochondrial, and cytosolic proteins by O-linked βN-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) has emerged as a dynamic and essential post-translational modification of mammalian proteins. O-GlcNAc is cycled on and off over 5000 proteins in response to diverse stimuli impacting protein function and, in turn, epigenetics and transcription, translation and proteostasis, metabolism, cell structure, and signal transduction. Environmental and physiological injury lead to complex changes in O-GlcNAcylation that impact cell and tissue survival in models of heat shock, osmotic stress, oxidative stress, and hypoxia/reoxygenation injury, as well as ischemic reperfusion injury. Numerous mechanisms that appear to underpin O-GlcNAc-mediated survival include changes in chaperone levels, impacts on the unfolded protein response and integrated stress response, improvements in mitochondrial function, and reduced protein aggregation. Here, we discuss the points at which O-GlcNAc is integrated into the cellular stress response, focusing on the roles it plays in the cardiovascular system and in neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamau M. M. Fahie
- Department of Biological Chemistry, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Kyriakos N. Papanicolaou
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Natasha E. Zachara
- Department of Biological Chemistry, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Department of Oncology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
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20
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Sher G, Masoodi T, Patil K, Akhtar S, Kuttikrishnan S, Ahmad A, Uddin S. Dysregulated FOXM1 signaling in the regulation of cancer stem cells. Semin Cancer Biol 2022; 86:107-121. [PMID: 35931301 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2022.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Since the introduction of the cancer stem cell (CSC) paradigm, significant advances have been made in understanding the functional and biological plasticity of these elusive components in malignancies. Endowed with self-renewing abilities and multilineage differentiation potential, CSCs have emerged as cellular drivers of virtually all facets of tumor biology, including metastasis, tumor recurrence/relapse, and drug resistance. The functional and biological characteristics of CSCs, such as self-renewal, cell fate decisions, survival, proliferation, and differentiation are regulated by an array of extracellular factors, signaling pathways, and pluripotent transcriptional factors. Besides the well-characterized regulatory role of transcription factors OCT4, SOX2, NANOG, KLF4, and MYC in CSCs, evidence for the central role of Forkhead box transcription factor FOXM1 in the establishment, maintenance, and functions of CSCs is accumulating. Conventionally identified as a master regulator of the cell cycle, a comprehensive understanding of this molecule has revealed its multifarious oncogenic potential and uncovered its role in angiogenesis, invasion, migration, self-renewal, and drug resistance. This review compiles the large body of literature that has accumulated in recent years that provides evidence for the mechanisms by which FOXM1 expression promotes stemness in glioblastoma, breast, colon, ovarian, lung, hepatic, and pancreatic carcinomas. We have also compiled the data showing the association of stem cell mediators with FOXM1 using TCGA mRNA expression data. Further, the prognostic importance of FOXM1 and other stem cell markers is presented. The delineation of FOXM1-mediated regulation of CSCs can aid in the development of molecularly targeted pharmacological approaches directed at the selective eradication of CSCs in several human malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gulab Sher
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha 3050, Qatar
| | - Tariq Masoodi
- Laboratory of Molecular and Metabolic Imaging, Cancer Research Department, Sidra Medicine, Doha 26999, Qatar
| | - Kalyani Patil
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha 3050, Qatar
| | - Sabah Akhtar
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha 3050, Qatar
| | - Shilpa Kuttikrishnan
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha 3050, Qatar
| | - Aamir Ahmad
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha 3050, Qatar; Dermatology Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha 3050, Qatar
| | - Shahab Uddin
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha 3050, Qatar; Dermatology Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha 3050, Qatar; Laboratory Animal Research Center, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar.
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21
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Negrato CA, Marques PR, Leite HB, Torigoe CN, Silva BF, Costa K, Kamei JM, Zampa CL, Toni ACRG, Pereira ICGS, Heinzelmann GL, Zajdenverg L. Glycemic and nonglycemic mechanisms of congenital malformations in hyperglycemic pregnancies: a narrative review. Archives of Endocrinology and Metabolism 2022; 66:908-918. [PMID: 36191262 PMCID: PMC10118772 DOI: 10.20945/2359-3997000000521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Congenital malformations are more frequently found among children born to mothers with diabetes than in the background population. There are several complex mechanisms involved in the development of congenital malformations in the offspring of mothers with hyperglycemia, such as the overexpression of glucose transporters (GLUTs) 1 and 2, the increased activity of the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway and the reduced expression of the PAX3 gene with a consequent increase in p53 protein expression. These alterations can lead to increased glucose and free radical concentrations in the embryo, thus promoting the process of apoptosis and causing malformation. The most frequent malformations found in the offspring of mothers with diabetes are heart and neural tube defects, urinary tract and kidney malformations, and cleft lip with or without cleft palate. Strict glycemic control should be obtained before and during pregnancy, aiming to avoid or minimize the risk of congenital malformations in the offspring. Beyond hyperglycemia, several factors may also be associated with increased risks of malformations in the offspring of these women, such as obesity, multiple pregnancies, advanced maternal age, folic acid deficiency, use of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers, assisted reproduction techniques, and exposure to different types of environmental pollutants.
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22
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Liu Y, Hu Y, Li S. Protein O-GlcNAcylation in Metabolic Modulation of Skeletal Muscle: A Bright but Long Way to Go. Metabolites 2022; 12:888. [DOI: 10.3390/metabo12100888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
O-GlcNAcylation is an atypical, dynamic and reversible O-glycosylation that is critical and abundant in metazoan. O-GlcNAcylation coordinates and receives various signaling inputs such as nutrients and stresses, thus spatiotemporally regulating the activity, stability, localization and interaction of target proteins to participate in cellular physiological functions. Our review discusses in depth the involvement of O-GlcNAcylation in the precise regulation of skeletal muscle metabolism, such as glucose homeostasis, insulin sensitivity, tricarboxylic acid cycle and mitochondrial biogenesis. The complex interaction and precise modulation of O-GlcNAcylation in these nutritional pathways of skeletal muscle also provide emerging mechanical information on how nutrients affect health, exercise and disease. Meanwhile, we explored the potential role of O-GlcNAcylation in skeletal muscle pathology and focused on its benefits in maintaining proteostasis under atrophy. In general, these understandings of O-GlcNAcylation are conducive to providing new insights into skeletal muscle (patho) physiology.
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Zhang J, Xun M, Li C, Chen Y. The O-GlcNAcylation and its promotion to hepatocellular carcinoma. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2022; 1877:188806. [PMID: 36152903 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2022.188806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
O-GlcNAcylation is a posttranslational modification that attaches O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) to the serine and threonine residues of proteins. Such a glycosylation would alter the activities, stabilities, and interactions of target proteins that are functional in a wide range of biological processes and diseases. Accumulating evidence indicates that O-GlcNAcylation is tightly associated with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in its onset, growth, invasion and metastasis, drug resistance, and stemness. Here we summarize the discoveries of the role of O-GlcNAcylation in HCC and its function mechanism, aiming to deepen our understanding of HCC pathology, generate more biomarkers for its diagnosis and prognosis, and offer novel molecular targets for its treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhang
- Institute of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, University of South China, Hengyang 410001, China
| | - Min Xun
- Institute of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, University of South China, Hengyang 410001, China
| | - Chaojie Li
- Institute of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, University of South China, Hengyang 410001, China
| | - Yuping Chen
- Institute of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, University of South China, Hengyang 410001, China.
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Wu D, Poddar A, Ninou E, Hwang E, Cole MA, Liu SJ, Horlbeck MA, Chen J, Replogle JM, Carosso GA, Eng NWL, Chang J, Shen Y, Weissman JS, Lim DA. Dual genome-wide coding and lncRNA screens in neural induction of induced pluripotent stem cells. Cell Genom 2022; 2:100177. [PMID: 36381608 DOI: 10.1016/j.xgen.2022.100177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Human chromosomes are pervasively transcribed, but systematic understanding of coding and lncRNA genome function in cell differentiation is lacking. Using CRISPR interference (CRISPRi) in human induced pluripotent stem cells, we performed dual genome-wide screens - assessing 18,905 protein-coding and 10,678 lncRNA loci - and identified 419 coding and 201 lncRNA genes that regulate neural induction. Integrative analyses revealed distinct properties of coding and lncRNA genome function, including a 10-fold enrichment of lncRNA genes for roles in differentiation compared to proliferation. Further, we applied Perturb-seq to obtain granular insights into neural induction phenotypes. While most coding hits stalled or aborted differentiation, lncRNA hits were enriched for the genesis of diverse cellular states, including those outside the neural lineage. In addition to providing a rich resource (danlimlab.shinyapps.io/dualgenomewide) for understanding coding and lncRNA gene function in development, these results indicate that the lncRNA genome regulates lineage commitment in a manner fundamentally distinct from coding genes.
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Liu X, Song S, Chen Z, Gao C, Li Y, Luo Y, Huang J, Zhang Z. Release of O-GlcNAc transferase inhibitor promotes neuronal differentiation of neural stem cells in 3D bioprinted supramolecular hydrogel scaffold for spinal cord injury repair. Acta Biomater 2022; 151:148-162. [PMID: 36002129 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2022.08.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Precise fabrication of biomimetic three-dimensional (3D) structure and effective neuronal differentiation under the pathological environment are the key to neural stem cell (NSC)-based spinal cord injury (SCI) therapy. In this study, we have developed a spinal cord-like bioprinted scaffold loading with OSMI-4, a small molecule O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) inhibitor, to induce and guide the neuron differentiation of NSCs for efficient SCI repair. To achieve this, we developed a supramolecular bioink (SM bioink) consisting of methacrylated gelatin and acrylated β-cyclodextrins to load NSCs and OSMI-4. This bioink showed fast gelation and stable mechanical properties, facilitating bioprinting of functional neural scaffolds. Moreover, the weak host-guest cross-linking of the SM scaffolds significantly improved the cell-matrix interaction for the infiltration and migration of NSCs. What's more, the sustained delivery of OSMI-4 remarkably enhanced the intrinsic neuronal differentiation of the encapsulated NSCs in vitro by inhibiting Notch signaling pathway. In vivo experiment further revealed that the functional bioprinted scaffolds promoted the neuronal regeneration and axonal growth, leading to significant locomotor recovery of the SCI model rats. Together, the NSC-laden bioprinted SM scaffolds in combination with sustained release of the therapeutic agent OSMI-4 largely induced neuronal differentiation of NSCs and thus leading to efficient SCI repair. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Efficient neuronal differentiation of neural stem cells (NSCs) under the complex pathological microenvironment of spinal cord injury (SCI) is a major challenge of neural regeneration. By the use of a supramolecular bioink, we bioprinted a spinal cord-like scaffold loaded with NSCs and a small molecule drug OSMI-4 to significantly induce neuronal differentiation of NSCs for efficient SCI repair in vivo. The scaffolds with spinal cord-like structure can support the interaction and neuronal differentiation of NSCs by providing a dynamic matrix and a source of molecular release of OSMI-4. The influences of OSMI-4 on NSCs and its molecular mechanism were investigated for the first time in this study. Altogether, three-dimensional bioprinting fabrication of NSC- and small molecule drug-laden biomimetic construct may represent a promising therapeutic strategy for SCI repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyun Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface, Division of Nanobiomedicine, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, China; School of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Shaoshuai Song
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface, Division of Nanobiomedicine, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, China; School of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Zhongjin Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface, Division of Nanobiomedicine, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, China; School of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Chen Gao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface, Division of Nanobiomedicine, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, China; School of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Yuxuan Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface, Division of Nanobiomedicine, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, China; School of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Yu Luo
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Intelligent Equipment, Shanghai Frontiers Science Research Center for Druggability of Cardiovascular Non-coding RNA, Institute for Frontier Medical Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Jie Huang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface, Division of Nanobiomedicine, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, China; School of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China.
| | - Zhijun Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface, Division of Nanobiomedicine, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, China; School of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China.
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Le Minh G, Reginato MJ. Role of O-GlcNAcylation on cancer stem cells: Connecting nutrient sensing to cell plasticity. Adv Cancer Res 2022; 157:195-228. [PMID: 36725109 PMCID: PMC9895886 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acr.2022.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Tumor growth and metastasis can be promoted by a small sub-population of cancer cells, termed cancer stem-like cells (CSCs). While CSCs possess capability in self-renewing and differentiating, the hierarchy of CSCs during tumor growth is highly plastic. This plasticity in CSCs fate and function can be regulated by signals from the tumor microenvironment. One emerging pathway in CSCs that connects the alteration in microenvironment and signaling network in cancer cells is the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP). The final product of HBP, UDP-N-acetylglucosamine (UDP-GlcNAc), is utilized for glycosylating of membrane and secreted proteins, but also nuclear and cytoplasmic proteins by the post-translational modification O-GlcNAcylation. O-GlcNAcylation and its enzyme, O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT), are upregulated in nearly all cancers and been linked to regulate many cancer cell phenotypes. Recent studies have begun to connect OGT and O-GlcNAcylation to regulation of CSCs. In this review, we will discuss the emerging role of OGT and O-GlcNAcylation in regulating fate and plasticity of CSCs, as well as the potential in targeting OGT/O-GlcNAcylation in CSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giang Le Minh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Mauricio J Reginato
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States; Translational Cellular Oncology Program, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States.
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Wang TF, Feng ZQ, Sun YW, Zhao SJ, Zou HY, Hao HS, Du WH, Zhao XM, Zhu HB, Pang YW. Disruption of O-GlcNAcylation Homeostasis Induced Ovarian Granulosa Cell Injury in Bovine. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:7815. [PMID: 35887161 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23147815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 07/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) modification is a ubiquitous, reversible, and highly dynamic post-translational modification, which takes charge of almost all biological processes examined. However, little information is available regarding the molecular regulation of O-GlcNAcylation in granulosa cell function and glucose metabolism. This study focused on the impact of disrupted O-GlcNAc cycling on the proliferation and apoptosis of bovine granulosa cells, and further aimed to determine how this influenced glucose metabolism. Pharmacological inhibition of OGT with benzyl-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-α-D-galactopyranoside (BADGP) led to decreased cellular O-GlcNAc levels, as well as OGT and OGA protein expressions, whereas increasing O-GlcNAc levels with the OGA inhibitor, O-(2-acetamido-2-deoxy-D-gluco-pyranosylidene) (PUGNAc), resulted in elevated OGA protein expression and decreased OGT protein expression in granulosa cells. Dysregulated O-GlcNAc cycling reduced cell viability, downregulated the proliferation-related genes of CDC42 and PCNA transcripts, upregulated the pro-apoptotic genes of BAX and CASPASE-3 mRNA and the ratio of BAX/BCL-2, and increased the apoptotic rate. Glycolytic enzyme activities of hexokinase and pyruvate kinase, metabolite contents of pyruvate and lactate, mitochondrial membrane potential, ATP levels, and intermediate metabolic enzyme activities of succinate dehydrogenase and malate dehydrogenase involved in the tricarboxylic acid cycle, were significantly impaired in response to altered O-GlcNAc levels. Moreover, inhibition of OGT significantly increased the expression level of thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP), but repression of OGA had no effect. Collectively, our results suggest that perturbation of O-GlcNAc cycling has a profound effect on granulosa cell function and glucose metabolism.
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Parween S, Alawathugoda TT, Prabakaran AD, Dheen ST, Morse RH, Emerald BS, Ansari SA. Nutrient sensitive protein O-GlcNAcylation modulates the transcriptome through epigenetic mechanisms during embryonic neurogenesis. Life Sci Alliance 2022; 5:5/8/e202201385. [PMID: 35470239 PMCID: PMC9039347 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202201385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein O-GlcNAcylation is a dynamic, nutrient-sensitive mono-glycosylation deposited on numerous nucleo-cytoplasmic and mitochondrial proteins, including transcription factors, epigenetic regulators, and histones. However, the role of protein O-GlcNAcylation on epigenome regulation in response to nutrient perturbations during development is not well understood. Herein we recapitulated early human embryonic neurogenesis in cell culture and found that pharmacological up-regulation of O-GlcNAc levels during human embryonic stem cells' neuronal differentiation leads to up-regulation of key neurogenic transcription factor genes. This transcriptional de-repression is associated with reduced H3K27me3 and increased H3K4me3 levels on the promoters of these genes, perturbing promoter bivalency possibly through increased EZH2-Thr311 phosphorylation. Elevated O-GlcNAc levels also lead to increased Pol II-Ser5 phosphorylation and affect H2BS112O-GlcNAc and H2BK120Ub1 on promoters. Using an in vivo rat model of maternal hyperglycemia, we show similarly elevated O-GlcNAc levels and epigenetic dysregulations in the developing embryo brains because of hyperglycemia, whereas pharmacological inhibition of O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) restored these molecular changes. Together, our results demonstrate O-GlcNAc mediated sensitivity of chromatin to nutrient status, and indicate how metabolic perturbations could affect gene expression during neurodevelopment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shama Parween
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Thilina T Alawathugoda
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ashok D Prabakaran
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - S Thameem Dheen
- Department of Anatomy, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Randall H Morse
- New York State Department of Health, Wadsworth Center, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Bright Starling Emerald
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates.,Zayed Center for Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Suraiya A Ansari
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates .,Zayed Center for Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
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Gatie MI, Spice DM, Garha A, Mctague A, Ahmer M, Timoshenko AV, Kelly GM. O-GlcNAcylation and Regulation of Galectin-3 in Extraembryonic Endoderm Differentiation. Biomolecules 2022; 12:623. [PMID: 35625551 PMCID: PMC9138951 DOI: 10.3390/biom12050623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The regulation of proteins through the addition and removal of O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) plays a role in many signaling events, specifically in stem cell pluripotency and the regulation of differentiation. However, these post-translational modifications have not been explored in extraembryonic endoderm (XEN) differentiation. Of the plethora of proteins regulated through O-GlcNAc, we explored galectin-3 as a candidate protein known to have various intracellular and extracellular functions. Based on other studies, we predicted a reduction in global O-GlcNAcylation levels and a distinct galectin expression profile in XEN cells relative to embryonic stem (ES) cells. By conducting dot blot analysis, XEN cells had decreased levels of global O-GlcNAc than ES cells, which reflected a disbalance in the expression of genes encoding O-GlcNAc cycle enzymes. Immunoassays (Western blot and ELISA) revealed that although XEN cells (low O-GlcNAc) had lower concentrations of both intracellular and extracellular galectin-3 than ES cells (high O-GlcNAc), the relative secretion of galectin-3 was significantly increased by XEN cells. Inducing ES cells toward XEN in the presence of an O-GlcNAcase inhibitor was not sufficient to inhibit XEN differentiation. However, global O-GlcNAcylation was found to decrease in differentiated cells and the extracellular localization of galectin-3 accompanies these changes. Inhibiting global O-GlcNAcylation status does not, however, impact pluripotency and the ability of ES cells to differentiate to the XEN lineage.
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Hu Y, You C, Song C, Shi Y, Ye L. The Beneficial Effect of Global O-GlcNAcylation on Odontogenic Differentiation of Human Dental Pulp Cells via mTORC1 pathway. Arch Oral Biol 2022; 138:105427. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2022.105427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Abstract
Post-translational modification with O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc), a process referred to as O-GlcNAcylation, occurs on a vast variety of proteins. Mounting evidence in the past several decades has clearly demonstrated that O-GlcNAcylation is a unique and ubiquitous modification. Reminiscent of a code, protein O-GlcNAcylation functions as a crucial regulator of nearly all cellular processes studied. The primary aim of this review is to summarize the developments in our understanding of myriad protein substrates modified by O-GlcNAcylation from a systems perspective. Specifically, we provide a comprehensive survey of O-GlcNAcylation in multiple species studied, including eukaryotes (e.g., protists, fungi, plants, Caenorhabditis elegans, Drosophila melanogaster, murine, and human), prokaryotes, and some viruses. We evaluate features (e.g., structural properties and sequence motifs) of O-GlcNAc modification on proteins across species. Given that O-GlcNAcylation functions in a species-, tissue-/cell-, protein-, and site-specific manner, we discuss the functional roles of O-GlcNAcylation on human proteins. We focus particularly on several classes of relatively well-characterized human proteins (including transcription factors, protein kinases, protein phosphatases, and E3 ubiquitin-ligases), with representative O-GlcNAc site-specific functions presented. We hope the systems view of the great endeavor in the past 35 years will help demystify the O-GlcNAc code and lead to more fascinating studies in the years to come.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junfeng Ma
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, United States
| | - Chunyan Hou
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, United States
| | - Ci Wu
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, United States
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Ding Y, Yuan X, Zou Y, Gao J, Xu X, Sun H, Zuo Q, Zhang Y, Li B. OCT4, SOX2 and NANOG co-regulate glycolysis and participate in somatic induced reprogramming. Cytotechnology. [DOI: 10.1007/s10616-022-00530-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
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Na HJ, Abramowitz LK, Hanover JA. Cytosolic O-GlcNAcylation and PNG1 maintain Drosophila gut homeostasis by regulating proliferation and apoptosis. PLoS Genet 2022; 18:e1010128. [PMID: 35294432 PMCID: PMC8959174 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1010128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue homeostasis requires a delicate balance between stem cell self-renewal, proliferation, and differentiation. Essential to this process is glycosylation, with both intra-and extra-cellular glycosylation being required for stem cell homeostasis. However, it remains unknown how intracellular glycosylation, O-GlcNAcylation, interfaces with cellular components of the extracellular glycosylation machinery, like the cytosolic N-glycanase NGLY1. In this study, we utilize the Drosophila gut and uncover a pathway in which O-GlcNAcylation cooperates with the NGLY1 homologue PNG1 to regulate proliferation in intestinal stem cells (ISCs) and apoptosis in differentiated enterocytes. Further, the CncC antioxidant signaling pathway and ENGase, an enzyme involved in the processing of free oligosaccharides in the cytosol, interact with O-GlcNAc and PNG1 through regulation of protein aggregates to contribute to gut maintenance. These findings reveal a complex coordinated regulation between O-GlcNAcylation and the cytosolic glycanase PNG1 critical to balancing proliferation and apoptosis to maintain gut homeostasis. Understanding glycosylation is of great importance as changes in both intra- and extra-cellular glycosylation have been well documented in diseases. However, it remains relatively unclear how intracellular glycosylation, O-GlcNAcylation, interfaces with the cellular machinery of extracellular glycosylation. In this study, we seek to understand how coordination between a cytosolic N-glycanase, NGLY1, and intracellular glycosylation, is utilized during stem cell proliferation. Using the Drosophila gut as a model system, our data showed O-GlcNAcylation and the Drosophila homologue of NGY1, PNG1, have key roles in both progenitor and differentiated cells that contribute to tissue homeostasis. Further, the CncC antioxidant signaling pathway and ENGase, an enzyme involved in the processing of free oligosaccharides in the cytosol, interact with O-GlcNAc and PNG1 through regulation of protein aggregates to contribute to gut maintenance. Our study suggests that alterations in O-GlcNAc and NGLY1 could be future targets utilized as therapeutics for nutrient-sensitive stem cell-derived diseases such as cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-jin Na
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Lara K. Abramowitz
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - John A. Hanover
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Kroef V, Ruegenberg S, Horn M, Allmeroth K, Ebert L, Bozkus S, Miethe S, Elling U, Schermer B, Baumann U, Denzel MS. GFPT2/GFAT2 and AMDHD2 act in tandem to control the hexosamine pathway. eLife 2022; 11:69223. [PMID: 35229715 PMCID: PMC8970586 DOI: 10.7554/elife.69223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP) produces the essential metabolite UDP-GlcNAc and plays a key role in metabolism, health, and aging. The HBP is controlled by its rate-limiting enzyme glutamine fructose-6-phosphate amidotransferase (GFPT/GFAT) that is directly inhibited by UDP-GlcNAc in a feedback loop. HBP regulation by GFPT is well studied but other HBP regulators have remained obscure. Elevated UDP-GlcNAc levels counteract the glycosylation toxin tunicamycin (TM), and thus we screened for TM resistance in haploid mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs) using random chemical mutagenesis to determine alternative HBP regulation. We identified the N-acetylglucosamine deacetylase AMDHD2 that catalyzes a reverse reaction in the HBP and its loss strongly elevated UDP-GlcNAc. To better understand AMDHD2, we solved the crystal structure and found that loss-of-function (LOF) is caused by protein destabilization or interference with its catalytic activity. Finally, we show that mESCs express AMDHD2 together with GFPT2 instead of the more common paralog GFPT1. Compared with GFPT1, GFPT2 had a much lower sensitivity to UDP-GlcNAc inhibition, explaining how AMDHD2 LOF resulted in HBP activation. This HBP configuration in which AMDHD2 serves to balance GFPT2 activity was also observed in other mESCs and, consistently, the GFPT2:GFPT1 ratio decreased with differentiation of human embryonic stem cells. Taken together, our data reveal a critical function of AMDHD2 in limiting UDP-GlcNAc production in cells that use GFPT2 for metabolite entry into the HBP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginia Kroef
- Molecular Genetics of Ageing, Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany
| | - Sabine Ruegenberg
- Molecular Genetics of Ageing, Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Kira Allmeroth
- Molecular Genetics of Ageing, Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany
| | | | | | - Stephan Miethe
- Molecular Genetics of Ageing, Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany
| | - Ulrich Elling
- Vienna Biocenter, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
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Shimizu M, Shibuya H, Tanaka N. Enhanced O-GlcNAc modification induced by the RAS/MAPK/CDK1 pathway is required for SOX2 protein expression and generation of cancer stem cells. Sci Rep 2022; 12. [PMID: 35190631 PMCID: PMC8861017 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-06916-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) have tumour initiation, self-renewal, and long-term tumour repopulation properties, and it is postulated that differentiated somatic cells can be reprogrammed to CSCs by oncogenic signals. We previously showed that oncogenic HRASV12 conferred tumour initiation capacity in tumour suppressor p53-deficient (p53−/−) primary mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) through transcription factor NF-κB-mediated enhancement of glucose uptake; however, the underlying mechanisms of RAS oncogene-induced CSC reprogramming have not been elucidated. Here, we found that the expression of the reprogramming factor SOX2 was induced by HRASV12 in p53−/− MEFs. Moreover, gene knockout studies revealed that SOX2 is an essential factor for the generation of CSCs by HRASV12 in mouse and human fibroblasts. We demonstrated that HRASV12-induced cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (CDK1) activity and subsequent enhancement of protein O-GlcNAcylation were required for SOX2 induction and CSC generation in these fibroblasts and cancer cell lines containing RAS mutations. Moreover, the CDK inhibitor dinaciclib and O-GlcNAcylation inhibitor OSMI1 reduced the number of CSCs derived from these cells. Taken together, our results reveal a signalling pathway and mechanism for CSC generation by oncogenic RAS and suggest the possibility that this signalling pathway is a therapeutic target for CSCs.
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Abstract
In the past decade, aberrant O-GlcNAcylation has emerged as a new hallmark of cancer. O-GlcNAcylation is a post-translational modification that results when the amino-sugar β-D-N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) is made in the hexosamine biosynthesis pathway (HBP) and covalently attached to serine and threonine residues in intracellular proteins by the glycosyltransferase O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT). O-GlcNAc moieties reflect the metabolic state of a cell and are removed by O-GlcNAcase (OGA). O-GlcNAcylation affects signaling pathways and protein expression by cross-talk with kinases and proteasomes and changes gene expression by altering protein interactions, localization, and complex formation. The HBP and O-GlcNAcylation are also recognized to mediate survival of cells in harsh conditions. Consequently, O-GlcNAcylation can affect many of the cellular processes that are relevant for cancer and is generally thought to promote tumor growth, disease progression, and immune escape. However, recent studies suggest a more nuanced view with O-GlcNAcylation acting as a tumor promoter or suppressor depending on the stage of disease or the genetic abnormalities, proliferative status, and state of the p53 axis in the cancer cell. Clinically relevant HBP and OGA inhibitors are already available and OGT inhibitors are in development to modulate O-GlcNAcylation as a potentially novel cancer treatment. Here recent studies that implicate O-GlcNAcylation in oncogenic properties of blood cancers are reviewed, focusing on chronic lymphocytic leukemia and effects on signal transduction and stress resistance in the cancer microenvironment. Therapeutic strategies for targeting the HBP and O-GlcNAcylation are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- David E Spaner
- Biology Platform, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Medical Oncology, Sunnybrook Odette Cancer Center, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Li R, Ong Q, Wong CC, Chu ESH, Sung JJY, Yang X, Yu J. O-GlcNAcylation inhibits hepatic stellate cell activation. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2021; 36:3477-3486. [PMID: 34547820 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.15690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Protein O-GlcNAcylation is a critical post-translational modification regulating gene expression and fundamental cell functions. O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) emerged as a key regulator of liver pathophysiology and disease. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the role of OGT in hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) and its consequent role in liver fibrosis. METHODS Primary HSCs were isolated from C57/B6 mice. Cell morphology and α-SMA immunofluorescence staining were observed under scanning confocal microscope. Transcriptomic profile was evaluated by RNAseq (Illumina). Promoter activity was examined by luciferase and β--Galactosidase reporter assays. Liver fibrosis mouse models were induced either by intraperitoneal injection of CCl4 at 3 times/week for 4 weeks or by feeding with methionine and choline deficient (MCD) diet for 4 weeks. RESULTS OGT protein expression and protein O-GlcNAcylation were significantly decreased in CCl4 - or MCD diet-induced liver fibrosis as compared with normal liver in mice. OGT expression and protein O-GlcNAcylation were also decreased in primary HSCs isolated from liver with CCl4 -induced fibrosis compared with those from normal liver. RNA-seq showed that OGT knockdown in HSCs modulated key signaling pathways involved in HSC activation. Promoter sequence analysis of the differentially expressed genes predicted serum response factor (SRF) as a key transcription factor regulated by OGT. Luciferase reporter assay confirmed that OGT repressed activity of SRF to induce α-SMA transcription. Mutations of specific O-GlcNAcylation sites on SRF increased its transcriptional activity, validating negative regulation of SRF by OGT-mediated O-GlcNAcylation. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that OGT functions as a negative regulator of HSC activation by promoting SRF O-GlcNAcylation to protect against liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Li
- Institute of Digestive Disease, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.,Department of Comparative Medicine, Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale Center for Molecular and Systems Metabolism, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Qunxiang Ong
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale Center for Molecular and Systems Metabolism, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Chi Chun Wong
- Institute of Digestive Disease, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Eagle S H Chu
- Institute of Digestive Disease, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Joseph J Y Sung
- Institute of Digestive Disease, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Xiaoyong Yang
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale Center for Molecular and Systems Metabolism, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Jun Yu
- Institute of Digestive Disease, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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Kim DK, Lee JS, Lee EY, Jang H, Han S, Kim HY, Hwang IY, Choi JW, Shin HM, You HJ, Youn HD, Jang H. O-GlcNAcylation of Sox2 at threonine 258 regulates the self-renewal and early cell fate of embryonic stem cells. Exp Mol Med 2021; 53:1759-68. [PMID: 34819616 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-021-00707-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Sox2 is a core transcription factor in embryonic stem cells (ESCs), and O-GlcNAcylation is a type of post-translational modification of nuclear-cytoplasmic proteins. Although both factors play important roles in the maintenance and differentiation of ESCs and the serine 248 (S248) and threonine 258 (T258) residues of Sox2 are modified by O-GlcNAcylation, the function of Sox2 O-GlcNAcylation is unclear. Here, we show that O-GlcNAcylation of Sox2 at T258 regulates mouse ESC self-renewal and early cell fate. ESCs in which wild-type Sox2 was replaced with the Sox2 T258A mutant exhibited reduced self-renewal, whereas ESCs with the Sox2 S248A point mutation did not. ESCs with the Sox2 T258A mutation heterologously introduced using the CRISPR/Cas9 system, designated E14-Sox2TA/WT, also exhibited reduced self-renewal. RNA sequencing analysis under self-renewal conditions showed that upregulated expression of early differentiation genes, rather than a downregulated expression of self-renewal genes, was responsible for the reduced self-renewal of E14-Sox2TA/WT cells. There was a significant decrease in ectodermal tissue and a marked increase in cartilage tissue in E14-Sox2TA/WT-derived teratomas compared with normal E14 ESC-derived teratomas. RNA sequencing of teratomas revealed that genes related to brain development had generally downregulated expression in the E14-Sox2TA/WT-derived teratomas. Our findings using the Sox2 T258A mutant suggest that Sox2 T258 O-GlcNAc has a positive effect on ESC self-renewal and plays an important role in the proper development of ectodermal lineage cells. Overall, our study directly links O-GlcNAcylation and early cell fate decisions.
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Dadgar T, Ebrahimi N, Gholipour AR, Akbari M, Khani L, Ahmadi A, Hamblin MR. Targeting the metabolism of cancer stem cells by energy disruptor molecules. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2021; 169:103545. [PMID: 34838705 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2021.103545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) have been identified in various tumor types. CSCs are believed to contribute to tumor metastasis and resistance to conventional therapy. So targeting these cells could be an effective strategy to eliminate tumors and a promising new type of cancer treatment. Alterations in metabolism play an essential role in CSC biology and their resistance to treatment. The metabolic properties pathways in CSCs are different from normal cells, and to some extent, are different from regular tumor cells. Interestingly, CSCs can use other nutrients for their metabolism and growth. The different metabolism causes increased sensitivity of CSCs to agents that disrupt cellular homeostasis. Compounds that interfere with the central metabolic pathways are known as energy disruptors and can reduce CSC survival. This review highlights the differences between regular cancer cells and CSC metabolism and discusses the action mechanisms of energy disruptors at the cellular and molecular levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahere Dadgar
- Department of Biology, Neyshabur Branch, Islamic Azad University, Neyshabur, Iran
| | - Nasim Ebrahimi
- Division of Genetics, Department of Cell and Molecular & Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Amir Reza Gholipour
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Paramedicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Maryam Akbari
- Department of Immunology, Asthma and Allergy Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Leila Khani
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Ahmadi
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Faculty of Nano and Bio Science and Technology, Persian Gulf University, Bushehr, 75169, Iran.
| | - Michael R Hamblin
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Science, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein 2028, South Africa.
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Abstract
Pluripotent stem cells model certain features of early mammalian development ex vivo. Medium-supplied nutrients can influence self-renewal, lineage specification, and earliest differentiation of pluripotent stem cells. However, which specific nutrients support these distinct outcomes, and their mechanisms of action, remain under active investigation. Here, we evaluate the available data on nutrients and their metabolic conversion that influence pluripotent stem cell fates. We also discuss key questions open for investigation in this rapidly expanding area of increasing fundamental and practical importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivian Lu
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Irena J Roy
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Michael A Teitell
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, California NanoSystems Institute, and Broad Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
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41
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Li L, Chen K, Wu Y, Xiang G, Liu X. Epigenome-Metabolome-Epigenome signaling cascade in cell biological processes. J Genet Genomics 2021; 49:279-286. [PMID: 34648996 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgg.2021.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cell fate determination as a fundamental question in cell biology has been extensively studied at different regulatory levels for many years. However, the mechanisms of multi-level regulation of cell fate determination remain unclear. Recently we have proposed an Epigenome-Metabolome-Epigenome (E-M-E) signaling cascade model to describe the crossover cooperation during mouse somatic cell reprogramming. In this review, we summarize the broad roles of E-M-E signaling cascade in different cell biological processes including cell differentiation and dedifferentiation, cell specialization, cell proliferation and cell pathological processes. Precise E-M-E signaling cascades are critical in these cell biological processes, and it is of worth to explore each step of E-M-E signaling cascade. E-M-E signaling cascade model sheds light on and may open a window to explore the mechanisms of multi-level regulation of cell biological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linpeng Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University; Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China; Bioland Laboratory (Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory), Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, CUHK-GIBH Joint Research Laboratory on Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China
| | - Keshi Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University; Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China; Bioland Laboratory (Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory), Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, CUHK-GIBH Joint Research Laboratory on Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China
| | - Yi Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University; Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China; Bioland Laboratory (Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory), Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, CUHK-GIBH Joint Research Laboratory on Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China
| | - Ge Xiang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University; Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China; Bioland Laboratory (Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory), Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, CUHK-GIBH Joint Research Laboratory on Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China
| | - Xingguo Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University; Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China; Bioland Laboratory (Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory), Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, CUHK-GIBH Joint Research Laboratory on Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China; Centre for Regenerative Medicine and Health, Hong Kong Institute of Science & Innovation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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Jung JH, Loeken MR. Diabetic Embryopathy Susceptibility in Mice Is Associated with Differential Dependence on Glucosamine and Modulation of High Glucose-Induced Oxidative Stress. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10081156. [PMID: 34439404 PMCID: PMC8388881 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10081156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The high KM glucose transporter, GLUT2 (SLC2A2), is expressed by embryos and causes high rates of glucose transport during maternal hyperglycemic episodes in diabetic pregnancies and causes congenital malformations (diabetic embryopathy). GLUT2 is also a low KM transporter of the amino sugar, glucosamine (GlcN), which enters the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP) and provides substrate for glycosylation reactions. Exogenous GlcN also increases activity of the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP), which increases production of NADPH reducing equivalents. GLUT2-transported GlcN is inhibited by high glucose concentrations. Not all mouse strains are susceptible to diabetic embryopathy. The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that susceptibility to diabetic embryopathy is related to differential dependence on exogenous GlcN for glycosylation or stimulation of the PPP. We tested this using murine embryonic stem cell (ESC) lines that were derived from embryopathy-susceptible FVB/NJ (FVB), and embryopathy-resistant C57Bl/6J (B6), embryos in the presence of low or high glucose, and in the presence or absence of GlcN. There were no significant differences in Glut2 expression, or of glucose or GlcN transport, between FVB and B6 ESC. GlcN effects on growth and incorporation into glycoproteins indicated that FVB ESC are more dependent on exogenous GlcN than are B6 ESC. GlcN stimulated PPP activity in FVB but not in B6 ESC. High glucose induced oxidative stress in FVB ESC but not in B6 ESC. These results indicate that FVB embryos are more dependent on exogenous GlcN for glycosylation, but also for stimulation of the PPP and NADPH production, than are B6 embryos, thereby rendering FVB embryos more susceptible to high glucose to induce oxidative stress.
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Abstract
Significance: Cardiovascular stem cells are important for regeneration and repair of damaged tissue. Recent Advances: Pluripotent stem cells have a unique metabolism, which is adopted for their energetic and biosynthetic demand as rapidly proliferating cells. Stem cell differentiation requires an exceptional metabolic flexibility allowing for metabolic remodeling between glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation. Critical Issues: Respiration is associated with the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by the mitochondrial respiratory chain. But also the membrane-bound protein nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase (NADPH oxidase, NOX) contributes to ROS levels. ROS not only play a significant role in stem cell differentiation and tissue renewal but also cause senescence and contribute to tissue aging. Future Directions: For utilization of stem cells in therapeutic approaches, a deep understanding of the molecular mechanisms how metabolism and the cellular redox state regulate stem cell differentiation is required. Modulating the redox state of stem cells using antioxidative agents may be suitable to enhance activity of endothelial progenitor cells. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 35, 163-181.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Dudek
- Department of Translational Research, Comprehensive Heart Failure Center (CHFC), University Clinic Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Ilona Kutschka
- Department of Translational Research, Comprehensive Heart Failure Center (CHFC), University Clinic Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Maack
- Department of Translational Research, Comprehensive Heart Failure Center (CHFC), University Clinic Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.,Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
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Pecori F, Kondo N, Ogura C, Miura T, Kume M, Minamijima Y, Yamamoto K, Nishihara S. Site-specific O-GlcNAcylation of Psme3 maintains mouse stem cell pluripotency by impairing P-body homeostasis. Cell Rep 2021; 36:109361. [PMID: 34260942 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Mouse embryonic stem cell (ESC) pluripotency is tightly regulated by a complex network composed of extrinsic and intrinsic factors that allow proper organismal development. O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) is the sole glycosylation mark found on cytoplasmic and nuclear proteins and plays a pivotal role in regulating fundamental cellular processes; however, its function in ESC pluripotency is still largely unexplored. Here, we identify O-GlcNAcylation of proteasome activator subunit 3 (Psme3) protein as a node of the ESC pluripotency network. Mechanistically, O-GlcNAc modification of serine 111 (S111) of Psme3 promotes degradation of Ddx6, which is essential for processing body (P-body) assembly, resulting in the maintenance of ESC pluripotent state. Conversely, loss of Psme3 S111 O-GlcNAcylation stabilizes Ddx6 and increases P-body levels, culminating in spontaneous exit of ESC from the pluripotent state. Our findings establish O-GlcNAcylation at S111 of Psme3 as a switch that regulates ESC pluripotency via control of P-body homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Pecori
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Department of Bioinformatics, Graduate School of Engineering, Soka University, 1-236 Tangi-machi, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-8577, Japan
| | - Nanako Kondo
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Department of Science and Engineering for Sustainable Innovation, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Soka University, 1-236 Tangi-machi, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-8577, Japan
| | - Chika Ogura
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Department of Bioinformatics, Graduate School of Engineering, Soka University, 1-236 Tangi-machi, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-8577, Japan
| | - Taichi Miura
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Department of Bioinformatics, Graduate School of Engineering, Soka University, 1-236 Tangi-machi, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-8577, Japan
| | - Masahiko Kume
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8562, Japan
| | - Youhei Minamijima
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8562, Japan
| | - Kazuo Yamamoto
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8562, Japan
| | - Shoko Nishihara
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Department of Bioinformatics, Graduate School of Engineering, Soka University, 1-236 Tangi-machi, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-8577, Japan; Laboratory of Cell Biology, Department of Science and Engineering for Sustainable Innovation, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Soka University, 1-236 Tangi-machi, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-8577, Japan; Glycan & Life System Integration Center (GaLSIC), Soka University, 1-236 Tangi-machi, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-8577, Japan.
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Bhattacharya D, Khan B, Simoes-Costa M. Neural crest metabolism: At the crossroads of development and disease. Dev Biol 2021; 475:245-55. [PMID: 33548210 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2021.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2020] [Revised: 01/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The neural crest is a migratory stem cell population that contributes to various tissues and organs during vertebrate embryonic development. These cells possess remarkable developmental plasticity and give rise to many different cell types, including chondrocytes, osteocytes, peripheral neurons, glia, melanocytes, and smooth muscle cells. Although the genetic mechanisms underlying neural crest development have been extensively studied, many facets of this process remain unexplored. One key aspect of cellular physiology that has gained prominence in the context of embryonic development is metabolic regulation. Recent discoveries in neural crest biology suggest that metabolic regulation may play a central role in the formation, migration, and differentiation of these cells. This possibility is further supported by clinical studies that have demonstrated a high prevalence of neural crest anomalies in babies with congenital metabolic disorders. Here, we examine why neural crest development is prone to metabolic disruption and discuss how carbon metabolism regulates developmental processes like epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and cell migration. Finally, we explore how understanding neural crest metabolism may inform upon the etiology of several congenital birth defects.
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Moore M, Avula N, Jo S, Beetch M, Alejandro EU. Disruption of O-Linked N-Acetylglucosamine Signaling in Placenta Induces Insulin Sensitivity in Female Offspring. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:6918. [PMID: 34203166 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22136918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Placental dysfunction can lead to fetal growth restriction which is associated with perinatal morbidity and mortality. Fetal growth restriction increases the risk of obesity and diabetes later in life. Placental O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) has been identified as a marker and a mediator of placental insufficiency in the setting of prenatal stress, however, its role in the fetal programming of metabolism and glucose homeostasis remains unknown. We aim to determine the long-term metabolic outcomes of offspring with a reduction in placental OGT. Mice with a partial reduction and a full knockout of placenta-specific OGT were generated utilizing the Cre-Lox system. Glucose homeostasis and metabolic parameters were assessed on a normal chow and a high-fat diet in both male and female adult offspring. A reduction in placental OGT did not demonstrate differences in the metabolic parameters or glucose homeostasis compared to the controls on a standard chow. The high-fat diet provided a metabolic challenge that revealed a decrease in body weight gain (p = 0.02) and an improved insulin tolerance (p = 0.03) for offspring with a partially reduced placental OGT but not when OGT was fully knocked out. Changes in body weight were not associated with changes in energy homeostasis. Offspring with a partial reduction in placental OGT demonstrated increased hepatic Akt phosphorylation in response to insulin treatment (p = 0.02). A partial reduction in placental OGT was protective from weight gain and insulin intolerance when faced with the metabolic challenge of a high-fat diet. This appears to be, in part, due to increased hepatic insulin signaling. The findings of this study contribute to the greater understanding of fetal metabolic programming and the effect of placental OGT on peripheral insulin sensitivity and provides a target for future investigation and clinical applications.
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Abstract
The modification on proteins with O-linked N-acetyl-β-D-glucosamine (O-GlcNAcylation) is essential for normal cell physiology. Dysregulation of O-GlcNAcylation leads to many human diseases, such as cancer, diabetes and neurodegenerative diseases. Recently, the functional role of O-GlcNAcylation in different physiological states has been elucidated due to the booming detection technologies. Chemical approaches for the enrichment of O-GlcNAcylated proteins combined with mass spectrometry-based proteomics enable the profiling of protein O-GlcNAcylation in a system-wide level. In this review, we summarize recent progresses on the enrichment and proteomic profiling of protein O-GlcNAcylation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wen Yi
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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48
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Rhie BH, Antao AM, Karapurkar JK, Kim MS, Jo WJ, Ramakrishna S, Kim KS. Ubiquitin-Specific Protease 3 Deubiquitinates and Stabilizes Oct4 Protein in Human Embryonic Stem Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:5584. [PMID: 34070420 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Oct4 is an important mammalian POU family transcription factor expressed by early human embryonic stem cells (hESCs). The precise level of Oct4 governs the pluripotency and fate determination of hESCs. Several post-translational modifications (PTMs) of Oct4 including phosphorylation, ubiquitination, and SUMOylation have been reported to regulate its critical functions in hESCs. Ubiquitination and deubiquitination of Oct4 should be well balanced to maintain the pluripotency of hESCs. The protein turnover of Oct4 is regulated by several E3 ligases through ubiquitin-mediated degradation. However, reversal of ubiquitination by deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs) has not been reported for Oct4. In this study, we generated a ubiquitin-specific protease 3 (USP3) gene knockout using the CRISPR/Cas9 system and demonstrated that USP3 acts as a protein stabilizer of Oct4 by deubiquitinating Oct4. USP3 interacts with endogenous Oct4 and co-localizes in the nucleus of hESCs. The depletion of USP3 leads to a decrease in Oct4 protein level and loss of pluripotent morphology in hESCs. Thus, our results show that USP3 plays an important role in controlling optimum protein level of Oct4 to retain pluripotency of hESCs.
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49
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Na HJ, Akan I, Abramowitz LK, Hanover JA. Nutrient-Driven O-GlcNAcylation Controls DNA Damage Repair Signaling and Stem/Progenitor Cell Homeostasis. Cell Rep 2021; 31:107632. [PMID: 32402277 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.107632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Revised: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem/progenitor cells exhibit high proliferation rates, elevated nutrient uptake, altered metabolic flux, and stress-induced genome instability. O-GlcNAcylation is an essential post-translational modification mediated by O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) and O-GlcNAcase (OGA), which act in a nutrient- and stress-responsive manner. The precise role of O-GlcNAc in adult stem cells and the relationship between O-GlcNAc and the DNA damage response (DDR) is poorly understood. Here, we show that hyper-O-GlcNacylation leads to elevated insulin signaling, hyperproliferation, and DDR activation that mimic the glucose- and oxidative-stress-induced response. We discover a feedback mechanism involving key downstream effectors of DDR, ATM, ATR, and CHK1/2 that regulates OGT stability to promote O-GlcNAcylation and elevate DDR. This O-GlcNAc-dependent regulatory pathway is critical for maintaining gut homeostasis in Drosophila and the DDR in mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs). Our findings reveal a conserved mechanistic link among O-GlcNAc cycling, stem cell self-renewal, and DDR with profound implications for stem-cell-derived diseases including cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Jin Na
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Ilhan Akan
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Lara K Abramowitz
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - John A Hanover
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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50
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Dan S, Song Y, Duan X, Pan X, Chen C, She S, Su T, Li J, Chen X, Zhou Y, Chen W, Zhang X, Pan X, Wang YJ, Kang B. LSD1-mediated demethylation of OCT4 safeguards pluripotent stem cells by maintaining the transcription of PORE-motif-containing genes. Sci Rep 2021; 11:10285. [PMID: 33986438 PMCID: PMC8119428 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-89734-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Reversible lysine methylation is essential for regulating histones and emerges to critically regulate non-histone proteins as well. Here we show that the master transcription factor OCT4 in pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) was methylated at multiple lysine residues. LSD1 that is highly expressed in PSCs can directly interact with and demethylate OCT4 at lysine 222 (K222) in the flexible linker region. Reduced LSD1 activity led to the methylation of OCT4-K222 that diminished the differentiation potential of PSCs while facilitating proteasome-independent degradation of OCT4 proteins. Furthermore, site-specifically replacing K222 with phenylalanine to mimic the constitutively methylated lysine promoted the 'locked-in' mode engagement of the OCT4 PORE-homodimers that tightly bind to and block the transcription of multiple PORE-motif-containing target genes regulating cell fate determination and cell junction organization, and thereby reducing the pluripotency of PSCs. Thus, LSD1-mediated demethylation of OCT4 plays a crucial role in restricting the 'locked-in' mode binding of OCT4 PORE-homodimers to the PORE-motif-containing genes and thereby maintaining their transcription to safeguard the pluripotency of PSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songsong Dan
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yuelin Song
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaotao Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Xiao Pan
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Cheng Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shiqi She
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, China
| | - Tong Su
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jingchao Li
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xinyu Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yanwen Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wenjie Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaobing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaoyun Pan
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ying-Jie Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Bo Kang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, China.
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