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Kim DK, Choi H, Lee W, Choi H, Hong SB, Jeong JH, Han J, Han JW, Ryu H, Kim JI, Mook-Jung I. Brain hypothyroidism silences the immune response of microglia in Alzheimer's disease animal model. Sci Adv 2024; 10:eadi1863. [PMID: 38489366 PMCID: PMC10942107 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adi1863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
Thyroid hormone (TH) imbalance is linked to the pathophysiology of reversible dementia and Alzheimer's disease (AD). It is unclear whether tissue hypothyroidism occurs in the AD brain and how it affects on AD pathology. We find that decreased iodothyronine deiodinase 2 is correlated with hippocampal hypothyroidism in early AD model mice before TH alterations in the blood. TH deficiency leads to spontaneous activation of microglia in wild-type mice under nonstimulated conditions, resulting in lowered innate immune responses of microglia in response to inflammatory stimuli or amyloid-β. In AD model mice, TH deficiency aggravates AD pathology by reducing the disease-associated microglia population and microglial phagocytosis. We find that TH deficiency reduces microglial ecto-5'-nucleotidase (CD73) and inhibition of CD73 leads to impaired innate immune responses in microglia. Our findings reveal that TH shapes microglial responses to inflammatory stimuli including amyloid-β, and brain hypothyroidism in early AD model mice aggravates AD pathology by microglial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Kyu Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
- Convergence Dementia Research Center, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyunjung Choi
- Convergence Dementia Research Center, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Woochan Lee
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hayoung Choi
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
- Convergence Dementia Research Center, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seok Beom Hong
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
- Convergence Dementia Research Center, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - June-Hyun Jeong
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
- Convergence Dementia Research Center, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jihui Han
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
- Convergence Dementia Research Center, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jong Won Han
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
- Convergence Dementia Research Center, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hoon Ryu
- Center for Neuroscience, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jong-Il Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Inhee Mook-Jung
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
- Convergence Dementia Research Center, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
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Choi H, Mook-Jung I. Functional effects of gut microbiota-derived metabolites in Alzheimer's disease. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2023; 81:102730. [PMID: 37236067 DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2023.102730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The precise causation of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is unknown, and the factors that contribute to its etiology are highly complicated. Numerous research has been conducted to investigate the potential impact of various factors to the risk of AD development or prevention against it. A growing body of evidence suggests to the importance of the gut microbiota-brain axis in the modulation of AD, which is characterized by altered gut microbiota composition. These changes can alter the production of microbial-derived metabolites, which may play a detrimental role in disease progression by being involved in cognitive decline, neurodegeneration, neuroinflammation, and accumulation of Aβ and tau. The focus of this review is on the relationship between the key metabolic products of the gut microbiota and AD pathogenesis in the brain. Understanding the action of microbial metabolites can open up new avenues for the development of AD treatment targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunjung Choi
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Convergence Dementia Research Center, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Inhee Mook-Jung
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Convergence Dementia Research Center, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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3
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Na H, Shin KY, Lee D, Yoon C, Han SH, Park JC, Mook-Jung I, Jang J, Kwon S. The QPLEX™ Plus Assay Kit for the Early Clinical Diagnosis of Alzheimer's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11119. [PMID: 37446296 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241311119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
We recently developed a multiplex diagnostic kit, QPLEX™ Alz plus assay kit, which captures amyloid-β1-40, galectin-3 binding protein, angiotensin-converting enzyme, and periostin simultaneously using microliters of peripheral blood and utilizes an optimized algorithm for screening Alzheimer's disease (AD) by correlating with cerebral amyloid deposition. Owing to the demand for early AD detection, we investigate the potential of our kit for the early clinical diagnosis of AD. A total of 1395 participants were recruited, and their blood samples were analyzed with the QPLEX™ kit. The average of QPLEX™ algorithm values in each group increased gradually in the order of the clinical progression continuum of AD: cognitively normal (0.382 ± 0.150), subjective cognitive decline (0.452 ± 0.130), mild cognitive impairment (0.484 ± 0.129), and AD (0.513 ± 0.136). The algorithm values between each group showed statistically significant differences among groups divided by Mini-Mental State Examination and Clinical Dementia Rating. The QPLEX™ algorithm values could be used to distinguish the clinical continuum of AD or cognitive function. Because blood-based diagnosis is more accessible, convenient, and cost- and time-effective than cerebral spinal fluid or positron emission tomography imaging-based diagnosis, the QPLEX™ kit can potentially be used for health checkups and the early clinical diagnosis of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hunjong Na
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- QuantaMatrix Inc., Seoul 08506, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Young Shin
- Bio-MAX Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Dokyung Lee
- QuantaMatrix Inc., Seoul 08506, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Sun-Ho Han
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Medical Research Center, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
- SNU Dementia Research Center, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Chan Park
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Medical Research Center, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
- SNU Dementia Research Center, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Inhee Mook-Jung
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Medical Research Center, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
- SNU Dementia Research Center, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Jisung Jang
- QuantaMatrix Inc., Seoul 08506, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunghoon Kwon
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- QuantaMatrix Inc., Seoul 08506, Republic of Korea
- Bio-MAX Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
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4
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Park JC, Lim H, Byun MS, Yi D, Byeon G, Jung G, Kim YK, Lee DY, Han SH, Mook-Jung I. Sex differences in the progression of glucose metabolism dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease. Exp Mol Med 2023; 55:1023-1032. [PMID: 37121979 PMCID: PMC10238450 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-023-00993-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a common neurodegenerative disease characterized by amyloid plaques and impaired brain metabolism. Because women have a higher prevalence of AD than men, sex differences are of great interest. Using cross-sectional and longitudinal data, we showed sex-dependent metabolic dysregulations in the brains of AD patients. Cohort 1 (South Korean, n = 181) underwent Pittsburgh compound B-PET, fluorodeoxyglucose-PET, magnetic resonance imaging, and blood biomarker (plasma tau and beta-amyloid 42 and 40) measurements at baseline and two-year follow-ups. Transcriptome analysis of data from Cohorts 2 and 3 (European, n = 78; Singaporean, n = 18) revealed sex differences in AD-related alterations in brain metabolism. In women (but not in men), all imaging indicators displayed consistent correlation curves with AD progression. At the two-year follow-up, clear brain metabolic impairment was revealed only in women, and the plasma beta-amyloid 42/40 ratio was a possible biomarker for brain metabolism in women. Furthermore, our transcriptome analysis revealed sex differences in transcriptomes and metabolism in the brains of AD patients as well as a molecular network of 25 female-specific glucose metabolic genes (FGGs). We discovered four key-attractor FGG genes (ALDOA, ENO2, PRKACB, and PPP2R5D) that were associated with amyloid/tau-related genes (APP, MAPT, BACE1, and BACE2). Furthermore, these genes successfully distinguished amyloid positivity in women. Understanding sex differences in the pathogenesis of AD and considering these differences will improve development of effective diagnostics and therapeutic treatments for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Chan Park
- Department of Biophysics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Quantum Biophysics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Hanbyeol Lim
- Department of Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Soo Byun
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Dahyun Yi
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Gihwan Byeon
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Gijung Jung
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu Kyeong Kim
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, SMG-SNU Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, 07061, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Young Lee
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Human Behavioral Medicine, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Ho Han
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.
- Korea Dementia Research Center, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.
- Ilchun Genomic Medicine Institute (GMI), College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.
| | - Inhee Mook-Jung
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.
- Korea Dementia Research Center, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.
- Convergence Dementia Research Center, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.
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5
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayoung Choi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, SNU Dementia Research Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Inhee Mook-Jung
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, SNU Dementia Research Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
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Park JC, Noh J, Jang S, Kim KH, Choi H, Lee D, Kim J, Chung J, Lee DY, Lee Y, Lee H, Yoo DK, Lee AC, Byun MS, Yi D, Han SH, Kwon S, Mook-Jung I. Association of B cell profile and receptor repertoire with the progression of Alzheimer's disease. Cell Rep 2022; 40:111391. [PMID: 36130492 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most prevalent type of dementia. Reports have revealed that the peripheral immune system is linked to neuropathology; however, little is known about the contribution of B lymphocytes in AD. For this longitudinal study, 133 participants are included at baseline and second-year follow-up. Also, we analyze B cell receptor (BCR) repertoire data generated from a public dataset of three normal and 10 AD samples and perform BCR repertoire profiling and pairwise sharing analysis. As a result, longitudinal increase in B lymphocytes is associated with increased cerebral amyloid deposition and hyperactivates induced pluripotent stem cell-derived microglia with loss-of-function for beta-amyloid clearance. Patients with AD share similar class-switched BCR sequences with identical isotypes, despite the high somatic hypermutation rate. Thus, BCR repertoire profiling can lead to the development of individualized immune-based therapeutics and treatment. We provide evidence of both quantitative and qualitative changes in B lymphocytes during AD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Chan Park
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea; Neuroscience Research Institute, Medical Research Center, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea; SNU Dementia Research Center, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea; Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Jinsung Noh
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; Bio-MAX Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Sukjin Jang
- Department of Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Hyun Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea; Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Hayoung Choi
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea; SNU Dementia Research Center, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongjoon Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea; SNU Dementia Research Center, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Jieun Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Junho Chung
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea; Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedical Science, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Young Lee
- Institute of Human Behavioral Medicine, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea; Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea; Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Yonghee Lee
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunho Lee
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Duck Kyun Yoo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedical Science, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Amos Chungwon Lee
- Bio-MAX Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Soo Byun
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea; Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Dahyun Yi
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Ho Han
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea; Neuroscience Research Institute, Medical Research Center, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea; SNU Dementia Research Center, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sunghoon Kwon
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; Bio-MAX Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; BK21+ Creative Research Engineer Development for IT, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea; Interdisciplinary Program in Bioengineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
| | - Inhee Mook-Jung
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea; Neuroscience Research Institute, Medical Research Center, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea; SNU Dementia Research Center, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea.
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Kim J, Lee S, Lee J, Park JC, Kim KH, Ko JM, Park SH, Kim SK, Mook-Jung I, Lee JY. Neurotoxicity of phenylalanine on human iPSC-derived cerebral organoids. Mol Genet Metab 2022; 136:132-144. [PMID: 35562278 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2022.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Phenylketonuria (PKU) is a common genetic metabolic disorder that causes phenylalanine accumulation in the blood. The most serious symptoms are related to the brain, as intellectual disability, seizure, and microcephaly are commonly found in poorly treated PKU patients and the babies of maternal PKU. However, the mechanism of hyperphenylalaninemia on human neurodevelopment is still unclear. Here we utilized human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived cerebral organoids to investigate the neurotoxicity of hyperphenylalaninemia. Cerebral organoids at days 40 or 100 were treated with different concentrations of phenylalanine for 5 days. After phenylalanine treatments, the cerebral organoids displayed alterations in organoid size, induction of apoptosis, and depletion of neural progenitor cells. However, phenylalanine did not have an impact on neurons and glia, including astrocytes, immature oligodendrocytes, and mature oligodendrocytes. Remarkably, a reduction in the thickness of the cortical rosettes and a decrease in myelination at the intermediate zone were inspected with the elevated phenylalanine concentrations. RNA-seq of phenylalanine-treated organoids revealed that gene sets related to apoptosis, p53 signaling pathway, and TNF signaling pathway via NF-kB were enriched in upregulated genes, while those related to cell cycle and amino acid metabolism were enriched in downregulated genes. In addition, there were several microcephaly disease genes, such as ASPM, LMNB1, and CENPE, ranked at the top of the downregulated genes. These findings indicate that phenylalanine exposure may contribute to microcephaly, abnormal cortical expansion, and myelination lesions in the developing human brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieun Kim
- Neural Development and Anomaly Laboratory, Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungbok Lee
- Department of Genomic Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea; Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaemeun Lee
- R&D Center for Advanced Pharmaceuticals & Evaluation, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Chan Park
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea; Neuroscience Research Institute, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea; Korea Dementia Research Center (KDRC), Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea; Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Kyung Hyun Kim
- Neural Development and Anomaly Laboratory, Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea; Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Min Ko
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Hyun Park
- R&D Center for Advanced Pharmaceuticals & Evaluation, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Ki Kim
- Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Inhee Mook-Jung
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea; Neuroscience Research Institute, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea; Korea Dementia Research Center (KDRC), Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Yeoun Lee
- Neural Development and Anomaly Laboratory, Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea; Neuroscience Research Institute, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea; Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea.
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8
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Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most common neurodegenerative disorder, is accompanied by cognitive impairment and shows representative pathological features, including senile plaques and neurofibrillary tangles in the brain. Recent evidence suggests that several systemic changes outside the brain are associated with AD and may contribute to its pathogenesis. Among the factors that induce systemic changes in AD, the gut microbiota is increasingly drawing attention. Modulation of gut microbiome, along with continuous attempts to remove pathogenic proteins directly from the brain, is a viable strategy to cure AD. Seeking a holistic understanding of the pathways throughout the body that can affect the pathogenesis, rather than regarding AD solely as a brain disease, may be key to successful therapy. In this review, we focus on the role of the gut microbiota in causing systemic manifestations of AD. The review integrates recently emerging concepts and provides potential mechanisms about the involvement of the gut-brain axis in AD, ranging from gut permeability and inflammation to bacterial translocation and cross-seeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunjung Choi
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,SNU Dementia Research Center, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongjoon Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,SNU Dementia Research Center, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Inhee Mook-Jung
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,SNU Dementia Research Center, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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9
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Ahn K, Lee SJ, Mook-Jung I. White matter-associated microglia: New players in brain aging and neurodegenerative diseases. Ageing Res Rev 2022; 75:101574. [PMID: 35093614 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2022.101574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
There has been growing interest in brain aging and rejuvenation. It is well known that brain aging is one of the leading causes of neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease, but brain aging alone can cause cognitive decline. Microglia are thought to act as 'conductors' of white matter aging by modulating diverse glial cells and phagocytosing white matter-derived myelin debris. A recent study identified a specific subpopulation of microglia in the white matter of aged mice, termed white matter-associated microglia (WAM). Additionally, senescent microglia show impaired phagocytic function and altered lipid metabolism, which cause accumulation of lipid metabolites and eventually lead to myelin sheath degeneration. These results suggest that senescent WAM could be pivotal players in axonal loss during brain aging. The aim of this review is to assess the current state of knowledge on brain aging, with an emphasis on the roles of the white matter and microglia, and suggest potential approaches for rejuvenating the aged brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyusik Ahn
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Jae Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea; Neuroscience Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea; SNU Dementia Research Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Inhee Mook-Jung
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea; Neuroscience Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea; SNU Dementia Research Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea.
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10
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Choi M, Kim TK, Ahn J, Lee JS, Jung BC, An S, Kim D, Lee MJ, Mook-Jung I, Lee SH, Lee SJ. Conformation-specific Antibodies Targeting Aggregated Forms of α-synuclein Block the Propagation of Synucleinopathy. Exp Neurobiol 2022; 31:29-41. [PMID: 35256542 PMCID: PMC8907253 DOI: 10.5607/en21039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Abnormal aggregation of α-synuclein is a key element in the pathogenesis of several neurodegenerative diseases, including Parkinson's disease (PD), dementia with Lewy bodies, and multiple system atrophy. α-synuclein aggregation spreads through various brain regions during the course of disease progression, a propagation that is thought to be mediated by the secretion and subsequent uptake of extracellular α-synuclein aggregates between neuronal cells. Thus, aggregated forms of this protein have emerged as promising targets for disease-modifying therapy for PD and related diseases. Here, we generated and characterized conformation-specific antibodies that preferentially recognize aggregated forms of α-synuclein. These antibodies promoted phagocytosis of extracellular α-synuclein aggregates by microglial cells and interfered with cell-to-cell propagation of α-synuclein. In an α-synuclein transgenic model, passive immunization with aggregate-specific antibodies significantly ameliorated pathological phenotypes, reducing α-synuclein aggregation, gliosis, inflammation, and neuronal loss. These results suggest that conformation-specific antibodies targeting α-synuclein aggregates are promising therapeutic agents for PD and related synucleinopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minsun Choi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Tae-Kyung Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea.,Department of Exercise Physiology and Sport Science Institute, Korea National Sport University, Seoul 05541, Korea
| | | | - Jun Sung Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Byung Chul Jung
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | | | | | - Min Jae Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Inhee Mook-Jung
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | | | - Seung-Jae Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea
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11
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Kim HJ, Park JC, Jung KS, Kim J, Jang JS, Kwon S, Byun MS, Yi D, Byeon G, Jung G, Kim YK, Lee DY, Han SH, Mook-Jung I. The clinical use of blood-test factors for Alzheimer's disease: improving the prediction of cerebral amyloid deposition by the QPLEX TM Alz plus assay kit. Exp Mol Med 2021; 53:1046-1054. [PMID: 34108650 PMCID: PMC8257730 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-021-00638-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the leading cause of dementia, and many studies have focused on finding effective blood biomarkers for the accurate diagnosis of this disease. Predicting cerebral amyloid deposition is considered the key for AD diagnosis because a cerebral amyloid deposition is the hallmark of AD pathogenesis. Previously, blood biomarkers were discovered to predict cerebral amyloid deposition, and further efforts have been made to increase their sensitivity and specificity. In this study, we analyzed blood-test factors (BTFs) that can be commonly measured in medical health check-ups from 149 participants with cognitively normal, 87 patients with mild cognitive impairment, and 64 patients with clinically diagnosed AD dementia with brain amyloid imaging data available. We demonstrated that four factors among regular health check-up blood tests, cortisol, triglyceride/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio, alanine aminotransferase, and free triiodothyronine, showed either a significant difference by or correlation with cerebral amyloid deposition. Furthermore, we made a prediction model for Pittsburgh compound B-positron emission tomography positivity, using BTFs and the previously discovered blood biomarkers, the QPLEXTM Alz plus assay kit biomarker panel, and the area under the curve was significantly increased up to 0.845% with 69.4% sensitivity and 90.6% specificity. These results show that BTFs could be used as co-biomarkers and that a highly advanced prediction model for amyloid plaque deposition could be achieved by the combinational use of diverse biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haeng Jun Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
- SNU Dementia Research Center, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Medical Research Center, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Chan Park
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
- SNU Dementia Research Center, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Medical Research Center, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | | | - Jiyeong Kim
- QuantaMatrix Inc, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Sung Jang
- QuantaMatrix Inc, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Min Soo Byun
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, 13620, Republic of Korea
| | - Dahyun Yi
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Gihwan Byeon
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Gijung Jung
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu Kyeong Kim
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, SMG-SNU Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, 07061, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Young Lee
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.
- Institute of Human Behavioral Medicine, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, 03080, Korea.
| | - Sun-Ho Han
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.
- SNU Dementia Research Center, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Medical Research Center, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.
| | - Inhee Mook-Jung
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.
- SNU Dementia Research Center, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Medical Research Center, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.
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12
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Chung S, Yang J, Kim HJ, Hwang EM, Lee W, Suh K, Choi H, Mook-Jung I. Plexin-A4 mediates amyloid-β-induced tau pathology in Alzheimer's disease animal model. Prog Neurobiol 2021; 203:102075. [PMID: 34004220 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2021.102075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Amyloid-β (Aβ) and tau are major pathological hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Several studies have revealed that Aβ accelerates pathological tau transition and spreading during the disease progression, and that reducing tau can mitigate pathological features of AD. However, molecular links between Aβ and tau pathologies remain elusive. Here, we suggest a novel role for the plexin-A4 as an Aβ receptor that induces aggregated tau pathology. Plexin-A4, previously known as proteins involved in regulating axon guidance and synaptic plasticity, can bound to Aβ with co-receptor, neuropilin-2. Genetic downregulation of plexin-A4 in neurons was sufficient to prevent Aβ-induced activation of CDK5 and reduce tau hyperphosphorylation and aggregation, even in the presence of Aβ. In an AD mouse model that manifests both Aβ and tau pathologies, genetic downregulation of plexin-A4 in the hippocampus reduced tau pathology and ameliorated spatial memory impairment. Collectively, these results indicate that the plexin-A4 is capable of mediating Aβ-induced tau pathology in AD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunwoo Chung
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, South Korea; SNU Dementia Research Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, South Korea.
| | - Jinhee Yang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, South Korea; Biorchestra Co., Ltd., Techno 4-ro 17, Daejeon 34013, South Korea.
| | - Haeng Jun Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, South Korea; SNU Dementia Research Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, South Korea.
| | - Eun Mi Hwang
- Center for Functional Connectomics, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, South Korea.
| | - Wonik Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, South Korea; SNU Dementia Research Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, South Korea.
| | - Kyujin Suh
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, South Korea; SNU Dementia Research Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, South Korea.
| | - Hayoung Choi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, South Korea; SNU Dementia Research Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, South Korea.
| | - Inhee Mook-Jung
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, South Korea; SNU Dementia Research Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, South Korea.
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13
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Park JC, Jang SY, Lee D, Lee J, Kang U, Chang H, Kim HJ, Han SH, Seo J, Choi M, Lee DY, Byun MS, Yi D, Cho KH, Mook-Jung I. A logical network-based drug-screening platform for Alzheimer's disease representing pathological features of human brain organoids. Nat Commun 2021; 12:280. [PMID: 33436582 PMCID: PMC7804132 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-20440-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Developing effective drugs for Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most common cause of dementia, has been difficult because of complicated pathogenesis. Here, we report an efficient, network-based drug-screening platform developed by integrating mathematical modeling and the pathological features of AD with human iPSC-derived cerebral organoids (iCOs), including CRISPR-Cas9-edited isogenic lines. We use 1300 organoids from 11 participants to build a high-content screening (HCS) system and test blood-brain barrier-permeable FDA-approved drugs. Our study provides a strategy for precision medicine through the convergence of mathematical modeling and a miniature pathological brain model using iCOs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Chan Park
- grid.31501.360000 0004 0470 5905Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 03080 Republic of Korea ,grid.31501.360000 0004 0470 5905Neuroscience Research Institute, Medical Research Center, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 03080 Republic of Korea ,grid.31501.360000 0004 0470 5905SNU Dementia Research Center, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 03080 Republic of Korea ,grid.83440.3b0000000121901201Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, WC1N 3BG United Kingdom
| | - So-Yeong Jang
- grid.37172.300000 0001 2292 0500Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141 Republic of Korea
| | - Dongjoon Lee
- grid.31501.360000 0004 0470 5905Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 03080 Republic of Korea ,grid.31501.360000 0004 0470 5905SNU Dementia Research Center, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 03080 Republic of Korea
| | - Jeongha Lee
- grid.31501.360000 0004 0470 5905Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 03080 Republic of Korea
| | - Uiryong Kang
- grid.37172.300000 0001 2292 0500Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141 Republic of Korea
| | - Hongjun Chang
- grid.37172.300000 0001 2292 0500Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141 Republic of Korea
| | - Haeng Jun Kim
- grid.31501.360000 0004 0470 5905Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 03080 Republic of Korea ,grid.31501.360000 0004 0470 5905SNU Dementia Research Center, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 03080 Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Ho Han
- grid.31501.360000 0004 0470 5905Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 03080 Republic of Korea ,grid.31501.360000 0004 0470 5905Neuroscience Research Institute, Medical Research Center, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 03080 Republic of Korea ,grid.31501.360000 0004 0470 5905SNU Dementia Research Center, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 03080 Republic of Korea
| | - Jinsoo Seo
- grid.417736.00000 0004 0438 6721Department of Brain and Cognitive Science, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Sciences and Technology (DGIST), Daegu, 42988 Republic of Korea
| | - Murim Choi
- grid.31501.360000 0004 0470 5905Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 03080 Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Young Lee
- grid.31501.360000 0004 0470 5905Institute of Human Behavioral Medicine, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, 03080 Republic of Korea ,grid.31501.360000 0004 0470 5905Department of Psychiatry, College of medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 03080 Republic of Korea ,grid.412484.f0000 0001 0302 820XDepartment of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, 03080 Republic of Korea
| | - Min Soo Byun
- grid.412480.b0000 0004 0647 3378Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, 13620 Republic of Korea
| | - Dahyun Yi
- grid.31501.360000 0004 0470 5905Institute of Human Behavioral Medicine, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, 03080 Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-Hyun Cho
- grid.37172.300000 0001 2292 0500Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141 Republic of Korea
| | - Inhee Mook-Jung
- grid.31501.360000 0004 0470 5905Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 03080 Republic of Korea ,grid.31501.360000 0004 0470 5905Neuroscience Research Institute, Medical Research Center, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 03080 Republic of Korea ,grid.31501.360000 0004 0470 5905SNU Dementia Research Center, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 03080 Republic of Korea
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14
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Park JC, Jung KS, Kim J, Jang JS, Kwon S, Byun MS, Yi D, Byeon G, Jung G, Kim YK, Lee DY, Han SH, Mook-Jung I. Performance of the QPLEX™ Alz plus assay, a novel multiplex kit for screening cerebral amyloid deposition. Alzheimers Res Ther 2021; 13:12. [PMID: 33407839 PMCID: PMC7786945 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-020-00751-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Background Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is an irreversible neurodegenerative disease characterized by the hallmark finding of cerebral amyloid deposition. Many researchers have tried to predict the existence of cerebral amyloid deposition by using easily accessible blood plasma samples, but the effectiveness of such strategies remains controversial. Methods We developed a new multiplex kit, the QPLEX™ Alz plus assay kit, which uses proteomics-based blood biomarkers to prescreen for cerebral amyloid deposition. A total of 300 participants who underwent Pittsburgh compound B (PiB)-positron emission tomography (PET) which allows imaging of cerebral amyloid deposition were included in this study. We compared the levels of QPLEX™ biomarkers between patients who were classified as PiB-negative or PiB-positive, regardless of their cognitive function. Logistic regression analysis followed by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was performed. The kit accuracy was tested using a randomized sample selection method. Results The results obtained using our assay kit reached 89.1% area under curve (AUC) with 80.0% sensitivity and 83.0% specificity. Further validation of the QPLEX™ Alz plus assay kit using a randomized sample selection method showed an average accuracy of 81.5%. Conclusions Our QPLEX™ Alz plus assay kit provides preliminary evidence that it can be used as blood marker to predict cerebral amyloid deposition but independent validation is needed. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13195-020-00751-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Chan Park
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biochemistry & Biomedical Sciences, SNU Dementia Research Center, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biochemistry & Biomedical Sciences, Neuroscience Research Institute, Medical Research Center, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.,Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | | | - Jiyeong Kim
- QuantaMatrix Inc., Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Sung Jang
- QuantaMatrix Inc., Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Min Soo Byun
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, 13620, Republic of Korea
| | - Dahyun Yi
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Gihwan Byeon
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Gijung Jung
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu Kyeong Kim
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, SMG-SNU Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, 07061, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Young Lee
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Psychiatry, College of medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea. .,Institute of Human Behavioral Medicine, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sun-Ho Han
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Biochemistry & Biomedical Sciences, SNU Dementia Research Center, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Biochemistry & Biomedical Sciences, Neuroscience Research Institute, Medical Research Center, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.
| | - Inhee Mook-Jung
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Biochemistry & Biomedical Sciences, SNU Dementia Research Center, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Biochemistry & Biomedical Sciences, Neuroscience Research Institute, Medical Research Center, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.
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15
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Seo J, Byun MS, Yi D, Lee JH, Jeon SY, Shin SA, Kim YK, Kang KM, Sohn CH, Jung G, Park JC, Han SH, Byun J, Mook-Jung I, Lee DY, Choi M. Genetic associations of in vivo pathology influence Alzheimer's disease susceptibility. Alzheimers Res Ther 2020; 12:156. [PMID: 33213512 PMCID: PMC7678113 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-020-00722-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Although the heritability of sporadic Alzheimer's disease (AD) is estimated to be 60-80%, addressing the genetic contribution to AD risk still remains elusive. More specifically, it remains unclear whether genetic variants are able to affect neurodegenerative brain features that can be addressed by in vivo imaging techniques. METHODS Targeted sequencing analysis of the coding and UTR regions of 132 AD susceptibility genes was performed. Neuroimaging data using 11C-Pittsburgh Compound B positron emission tomography (PET), 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose PET, and MRI that are available from the KBASE (Korean Brain Aging Study for Early Diagnosis and Prediction of Alzheimer's disease) cohort were acquired. A total of 557 participants consisted of 336 cognitively normal (CN) adults, 137 mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and 84 AD dementia (ADD) groups. RESULTS We called 5391 high-quality single nucleotide variants (SNVs) on AD susceptibility genes and selected significant associations between variants and five in vivo AD pathologies: (1) amyloid β (Aβ) deposition, (2) AD-signature region cerebral glucose metabolism (AD-Cm), (3) posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) cerebral glucose metabolism (PCC-Cm), (4) AD-signature region cortical thickness (AD-Ct), and (5) hippocampal volume (Hv). The association analysis for common variants (allele frequency (AF) > 0.05) yielded several novel loci associated with Aβ deposition (PIWIL1-rs10848087), AD-Cm (NME8-rs2722372 and PSEN2-rs75733498), AD-Ct (PSEN1-rs7523) and, Hv (CASS4-rs3746625). Meanwhile, in a gene-based analysis for rare variants (AF < 0.05), cases carrying rare variants in LPL, FERMT2, NFAT5, DSG2, and ITPR1 displayed associations with the neuroimaging features. Exploratory voxel-based brain morphometry between the variant carriers and non-carriers was performed subsequently. Finally, we document a strong association of previously reported APOE variants with the in vivo AD pathologies and demonstrate that the variants exert a causal effect on AD susceptibility via neuroimaging features. CONCLUSIONS This study provides novel associations of genetic factors to Aβ accumulation and AD-related neurodegeneration to influence AD susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieun Seo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Soo Byun
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Gyeonggi, Republic of Korea
| | - Dahyun Yi
- Institute of Human Behavioral Medicine, Medical Research Center Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Ho Lee
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, National Center for Mental Health, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - So Yeon Jeon
- Department of Psychiatry, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong A Shin
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, SMG-SNU Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu Kyeong Kim
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, SMG-SNU Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Koung Mi Kang
- Department of Radiology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chul-Ho Sohn
- Department of Radiology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Gijung Jung
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Chan Park
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biochemistry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Ho Han
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biochemistry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jayoung Byun
- Department of Medicine, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Inhee Mook-Jung
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biochemistry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Young Lee
- Institute of Human Behavioral Medicine, Medical Research Center Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Radiology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Murim Choi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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16
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Lee SY, Kim H, Lee JY, Kim JH, Lee DY, Mook-Jung I, Kim YH, Kim YK. Effects of Chronic Tinnitus on Metabolic and Structural Changes in Subjects With Mild Cognitive Impairment. Front Aging Neurosci 2020; 12:594282. [PMID: 33328974 PMCID: PMC7710517 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2020.594282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Tinnitus is a conscious auditory perception in the absence of an external stimulus. Despite previous reports of a recognized association between tinnitus and cognitive deficits, the effects of tinnitus on functional and structural brain changes associated with cognitive deficits remain unknown. We aimed to investigate the changes in glucose metabolism and gray matter (GM) volume in subjects diagnosed with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) depending on tinnitus. Twenty-three subjects were subclassified into MCI with the chronic tinnitus (MCI_T) and MCI without tinnitus (MCI_NT) groups. Encouraged by the identification of neural substrates associated with tinnitus and cognitive deficits, we correlated the extent of tinnitus severity with the changes in glucose metabolism and GM volume and conducted a glucose metabolic connectivity study. Compared to the MCI_NT group, the MCI_T group showed significantly lower metabolism in the right superior temporal pole and left fusiform gyrus. Additionally, the GM volume in the right insula was markedly lower in the MCI_T group compared to the MCI_NT group. Moreover, correlation analyses in metabolism or GM volumes revealed specific brain regions associated with the cognitive decline with increasing tinnitus severity. Metabolic connectivity analysis revealed that MCI_NT had markedly strengthened intra-hemispheric connectivity in the frontal, parietal, and occipital regions than did MCI_T. Furthermore, MCI_NT showed a strong negative association between the parietal and temporal and parietal and limbic regions, but the association was not observed in MCI_T. These findings indicate that tinnitus may cause metabolic and structural changes in the brain and alters complex inter- or intra-hemispheric networks in MCI. Considering the impact of MCI on accelerating dementia, these results provide a valuable basis on which yet-to-be-identified neurodegenerative markers of tinnitus can be refined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Yeon Lee
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Heejung Kim
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Institute of Radiation Medicine, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jun Young Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Neuroscience Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ju Hye Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Dong Young Lee
- Departmentof Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Institute of Human Behavioral Medicine, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Inhee Mook-Jung
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Science, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Young Ho Kim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yu Kyeong Kim
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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17
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Kang S, Son SM, Baik SH, Yang J, Mook-Jung I. Autophagy-Mediated Secretory Pathway is Responsible for Both Normal and Pathological Tau in Neurons. J Alzheimers Dis 2020; 70:667-680. [PMID: 31256134 DOI: 10.3233/jad-190180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Increased levels of total tau (t-tau) and hyperphosphorylated tau (p-tau) proteins in the cerebrospinal fluid of Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients are well documented and strongly correlate with AD pathology. Recent studies have further shown that human tau can be released into the extracellular space and transferred to nascent neurons. However, because the tau protein has no signal peptide identity, the mechanisms underlying its secretion remain poorly understood. In the present study, we confirmed that tau protein secretion was promoted by autophagy inducers and downregulated by beclin1 knockdown or autophagy inhibitors derived from human wild type tau (wt-tau)-overexpressing SH-SY5Y cells. Moreover, both t-tau and p-tau secretion were increased by autophagy activation. Furthermore, we identified that six isoforms of tau protein are secreted in an autophagy-dependent manner. These results indicate that both normal and pathological tau are secreted via an autophagy-mediated secretory pathway in neurons. Understanding this new pathway for tau secretion may provide critical future insights into tau pathologies, such as AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seokjo Kang
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University, College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Min Son
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University, College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Hoon Baik
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University, College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinhee Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University, College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Inhee Mook-Jung
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University, College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Han SH, Kim JS, Lee Y, Choi H, Kim JW, Na DL, Yang EG, Yu MH, Hwang D, Lee C, Mook-Jung I. Both Targeted Mass Spectrometry and Flow Sorting Analysis Methods Detected the Decreased Serum Apolipoprotein E Level in Alzheimer's Disease Patients. Mol Cell Proteomics 2020; 13:407-19. [PMID: 33498128 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m113.028639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Apolipoprotein E (ApoE) polymorphism has been appreciated as a valuable predictor of Alzheimer disease (AD), and the associated ε4 allele has been recognized as an indicator of susceptibility to this disease. However, serum ApoE levels have been a controversial issue in AD, due to the great variability regarding the different target detection methods, ethnicity, and the geographic variations of cohorts. The aim of this study was to validate serum ApoE levels in relation to AD, particularly using two distinct detection methods, liquid chromatography-selected reaction monitoring (SRM) mass spectrometry and microsphere-based fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) analysis, to overcome experimental variations. Also, comparison of serum ApoE levels was performed between the level of protein detection by FACS and peptide level by SRM in both control and AD patients. Results from the two detection methods were cross-confirmed and validated. Both methods produced fairly consistent results, showing a significant decrease of serum ApoE levels in AD patients relative to those of a control cohort (43 control versus 45 AD, p < 0.0001). Significant correlation has been revealed between results from FACS and SRM (p < 0.0001) even though lower serum ApoE concentration values were measured in protein by FACS analysis than in peptide-level detections by SRM. Correlation study suggested that a decrease of the serum ApoE level in AD is related to the mini-mental state exam score in both results from different experimental methods, but it failed to show consistent correlation with age, gender, or clinical dementia rating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun-Ho Han
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University, College of Medicine, 28 Yungun-dong, Jongro-gu, Seoul 110-799, Korea
| | - Jun Seok Kim
- BRI, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Hwarangno 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 136-791, Korea
| | - Youngju Lee
- BRI, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Hwarangno 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 136-791, Korea
| | - Heesun Choi
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University, College of Medicine, 28 Yungun-dong, Jongro-gu, Seoul 110-799, Korea
| | - Jong-Won Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Genetics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University, School of Medicine, Seoul, 135-710, Korea
| | - Duk Lyul Na
- Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University, School of Medicine, 50 Ilwon-dong, Kangnam-Ku, Seoul, 135-710, Korea
| | - Eun Gyeong Yang
- BRI, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Hwarangno 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 136-791, Korea
| | - Myeong-Hee Yu
- BRI, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Hwarangno 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 136-791, Korea
| | - Daehee Hwang
- I-Bio Program & Department of Chemical Engineering, POSTECH, Pohang, Korea
| | - Cheolju Lee
- BRI, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Hwarangno 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 136-791, Korea;.
| | - Inhee Mook-Jung
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University, College of Medicine, 28 Yungun-dong, Jongro-gu, Seoul 110-799, Korea;.
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Cho HJ, Mook-Jung I. Amyloid beta regulates ER exit sites formation through O-GlcNAcylation triggered by disrupted calcium homeostasis. Biol Cell 2020; 112:439-451. [PMID: 32885474 DOI: 10.1111/boc.201900062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND INFORMATION Aberrant production of amyloid beta (Aβ) causes disruption of intracellular calcium homeostasis, a crucial factor in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. Calcium is required for the fusion and trafficking of vesicles. Previously, we demonstrated that Sec31A, a main component for coat protein complex II (COPII) vesicles at ER exit sites (ERES), is modulated by O-GlcNAcylation. O-GlcNAcylation, a unique and dynamic protein glycosylation process, modulates the formation of COPII vesicles. RESULTS In this study, we observed that disrupted calcium levels affected the formation of COPII vesicles in ERES through calcium-triggered O-GlcNAcylation of Sec31A. Additionally, we found that Aβ impaired ERES through Aβ-disturbed calcium homeostasis and O-GlcNAcylation of Sec31A in neuronal cells. Furthermore, we identified that Aβ disrupted the ribbon-like structure of Golgi. Golgi fragmentation by Aβ was rescued by up-regulation of O-GlcNAcylaion levels using Thiamet G (ThiG), an O-GlcNAcase inhibitor. Additionally, we observed that the Golgi reassembly stacking proteins having a function in Golgi stacking showed attenuation at COPII vesicles following Aβ treatment. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated that Aβ impaired Sec31A targeting to ERES through altered Sec31A O-GlcNAcylation triggered by disruption of intracellular calcium homeostasis. SIGNIFICANCE The findings of this study suggested that protection of ERES or Sec31 O-GlcNAcylation may offer a promising novel avenue for development of AD therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Jin Cho
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 110-799, Republic of Korea
| | - Inhee Mook-Jung
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 110-799, Republic of Korea
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20
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Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a chronic neurodegenerative disease characterized by the accumulation of amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles in the brain. The AD pathophysiology entails chronic inflammation involving innate immune cells including microglia, astrocytes, and other peripheral blood cells. Inflammatory mediators such as cytokines and complements are also linked to AD pathogenesis. Despite increasing evidence supporting the association between abnormal inflammation and AD, no well-established inflammatory biomarkers are currently available for AD. Since many reports have shown that abnormal inflammation precedes the outbreak of the disease, non-invasive and readily available peripheral inflammatory biomarkers should be considered as possible biomarkers for early diagnosis of AD. In this mini-review, we introduce the peripheral biomarker candidates related to abnormal inflammation in AD and discuss their possible molecular mechanisms. Furthermore, we also summarize the current state of inflammatory biomarker research in clinical practice and molecular diagnostics. We believe this review will provide new insights into biomarker candidates for the early diagnosis of AD with systemic relevance to inflammation during AD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Chan Park
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Sun-Ho Han
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Inhee Mook-Jung
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Korea
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21
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Abstract
The decrease of metabolism in the brain has been observed as the important lesions of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) from the early stages of diagnosis. The cumulative evidence has reported that the failure of mitochondria, an organelle involved in diverse biological processes as well as energy production, maybe the cause or effect of the pathogenesis of AD. Both amyloid and tau pathologies have an impact upon mitochondria through physical interaction or indirect signaling pathways, resulting in the disruption of mitochondrial function and dynamics which can trigger AD. In addition, mitochondria are involved in different biological processes depending on the specific functions of each cell type in the brain. Thus, it is necessary to understand mitochondrial dysfunction as part of the pathological phenotypes of AD according to each cell type. In this review, we summarize that 1) the effects of AD pathology inducing mitochondrial dysfunction and 2) the contribution of mitochondrial dysfunction in each cell type to AD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Kyu Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Inhee Mook-Jung
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Korea
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Abstract
Microglia exhibit differing functions and phenotypes depending on life stage and the context of health or disease. Recently, in Nature Neuroscience, Marschallinger et al. (2020) described a new state of microglia, namely "lipid-droplet-accumulating microglia" (LDAM), that contributes to neuronal inflammation and age-related neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Sun Jung
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University, College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, South Korea; Neuroscience Research Institute, Seoul National University, College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, South Korea; SNU Dementia Research Center, Seoul National University, College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, South Korea
| | - Inhee Mook-Jung
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University, College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, South Korea; Neuroscience Research Institute, Seoul National University, College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, South Korea; SNU Dementia Research Center, Seoul National University, College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, South Korea.
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23
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Kim MS, Kim Y, Choi H, Kim W, Park S, Lee D, Kim DK, Kim HJ, Choi H, Hyun DW, Lee JY, Choi EY, Lee DS, Bae JW, Mook-Jung I. Transfer of a healthy microbiota reduces amyloid and tau pathology in an Alzheimer's disease animal model. Gut 2020; 69:283-294. [PMID: 31471351 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2018-317431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 290] [Impact Index Per Article: 72.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Revised: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Cerebral amyloidosis and severe tauopathy in the brain are key pathological features of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Despite a strong influence of the intestinal microbiota on AD, the causal relationship between the gut microbiota and AD pathophysiology is still elusive. DESIGN Using a recently developed AD-like pathology with amyloid and neurofibrillary tangles (ADLPAPT) transgenic mouse model of AD, which shows amyloid plaques, neurofibrillary tangles and reactive gliosis in their brains along with memory deficits, we examined the impact of the gut microbiota on AD pathogenesis. RESULTS Composition of the gut microbiota in ADLPAPT mice differed from that of healthy wild-type (WT) mice. Besides, ADLPAPT mice showed a loss of epithelial barrier integrity and chronic intestinal and systemic inflammation. Both frequent transfer and transplantation of the faecal microbiota from WT mice into ADLPAPT mice ameliorated the formation of amyloid β plaques and neurofibrillary tangles, glial reactivity and cognitive impairment. Additionally, the faecal microbiota transfer reversed abnormalities in the colonic expression of genes related to intestinal macrophage activity and the circulating blood inflammatory monocytes in the ADLPAPT recipient mice. CONCLUSION These results indicate that microbiota-mediated intestinal and systemic immune aberrations contribute to the pathogenesis of AD in ADLPAPT mice, providing new insights into the relationship between the gut (colonic gene expression, gut permeability), blood (blood immune cell population) and brain (pathology) axis and AD (memory deficits). Thus, restoring gut microbial homeostasis may have beneficial effects on AD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Soo Kim
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Biology, Kyung Hee University, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoonhee Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunjung Choi
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Genetic Engineering, Seoul National University, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Woojin Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sumyung Park
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongjoon Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Kyu Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Haeng Jun Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hayoung Choi
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Wook Hyun
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Biology, Kyung Hee University, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - June-Young Lee
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Biology, Kyung Hee University, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Young Choi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Sup Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Woo Bae
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Biology, Kyung Hee University, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Inhee Mook-Jung
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea .,Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Genetic Engineering, Seoul National University, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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24
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Park JC, Han SH, Yi D, Byun MS, Lee JH, Jang S, Ko K, Jeon SY, Lee YS, Kim YK, Lee DY, Mook-Jung I. Plasma tau/amyloid-β1-42 ratio predicts brain tau deposition and neurodegeneration in Alzheimer's disease. Brain 2020; 142:771-786. [PMID: 30668647 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awy347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Revised: 11/04/2018] [Accepted: 11/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease is abnormal deposition of tau proteins in the brain. Although plasma tau has been proposed as a potential biomarker for Alzheimer's disease, a direct link to brain deposition of tau is limited. Here, we estimated the amount of in vivo tau deposition in the brain by PET imaging and measured plasma levels of total tau (t-tau), phosphorylated tau (p-tau, T181) and amyloid-β1-42. We found significant correlations of plasma p-tau, t-tau, p-tau/amyloid-β1-42, and t-tau/amyloid-β1-42 with brain tau deposition in cross-sectional and longitudinal manners. In particular, t-tau/amyloid-β1-42 in plasma was highly predictive of brain tau deposition, exhibiting 80% sensitivity and 91% specificity. Interestingly, the brain regions where plasma t-tau/amyloid-β1-42 correlated with brain tau were similar to the typical deposition sites of neurofibrillary tangles in Alzheimer's disease. Furthermore, the longitudinal changes in cerebral amyloid deposition, brain glucose metabolism, and hippocampal volume change were also highly associated with plasma t-tau/amyloid-β1-42. These results indicate that combination of plasma tau and amyloid-β1-42 levels might be potential biomarkers for predicting brain tau pathology and neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Chan Park
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University, College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Ho Han
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University, College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Neuroscience Research Institute, Seoul National University, College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dahyun Yi
- Institute of Human Behavioral Medicine, Medical Research Center Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Soo Byun
- Institute of Human Behavioral Medicine, Medical Research Center Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Ho Lee
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sukjin Jang
- Department of Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kang Ko
- Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, National Center for Mental Health, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - So Yeon Jeon
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Sang Lee
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu Kyeong Kim
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, SMG-SNU Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Young Lee
- Institute of Human Behavioral Medicine, Medical Research Center Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Inhee Mook-Jung
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University, College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Neuroscience Research Institute, Seoul National University, College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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25
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Park JC, Han SH, Lee H, Jeong H, Byun MS, Bae J, Kim H, Lee DY, Yi D, Shin SA, Kim YK, Hwang D, Lee SW, Mook-Jung I. Prognostic plasma protein panel for Aβ deposition in the brain in Alzheimer’s disease. Prog Neurobiol 2019; 183:101690. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2019.101690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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26
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Kim DK, Han D, Park J, Choi H, Park JC, Cha MY, Woo J, Byun MS, Lee DY, Kim Y, Mook-Jung I. Deep proteome profiling of the hippocampus in the 5XFAD mouse model reveals biological process alterations and a novel biomarker of Alzheimer's disease. Exp Mol Med 2019; 51:1-17. [PMID: 31727875 PMCID: PMC6856180 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-019-0326-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Revised: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD), which is the most common type of dementia, is characterized by the deposition of extracellular amyloid plaques. To understand the pathophysiology of the AD brain, the assessment of global proteomic dynamics is required. Since the hippocampus is a major region affected in the AD brain, we performed hippocampal analysis and identified proteins that are differentially expressed between wild-type and 5XFAD model mice via LC-MS methods. To reveal the relationship between proteomic changes and the progression of amyloid plaque deposition in the hippocampus, we analyzed the hippocampal proteome at two ages (5 and 10 months). We identified 9,313 total proteins and 1411 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) in 5- and 10-month-old wild-type and 5XFAD mice. We designated a group of proteins showing the same pattern of changes as amyloid beta (Aβ) as the Aβ-responsive proteome. In addition, we examined potential biomarkers by investigating secretory proteins from the Aβ-responsive proteome. Consequently, we identified vitamin K-dependent protein S (PROS1) as a novel microglia-derived biomarker candidate in the hippocampus of 5XFAD mice. Moreover, we confirmed that the PROS1 level in the serum of 5XFAD mice increases as the disease progresses. An increase in PROS1 is also observed in the sera of AD patients and shows a close correlation with AD neuroimaging markers in humans. Therefore, our quantitative proteome data obtained from 5XFAD model mice successfully predicted AD-related biological alterations and suggested a novel protein biomarker for AD. A protein newly implicated in Alzheimer’s disease could serve as a diagnostic biomarker or therapeutic target. A team led by Youngsoo Kim and Inhee Mook-Jung from Seoul National University, South Korea, analyzed all the proteins expressed in the hippocampus, the brain’s memory center, in mice with and without Alzheimer’s-like disease. They identified more than 1,400 proteins differentially expressed between the mouse model of Alzheimer’s and the normal mice. Among these were 36 secretory proteins that tended to increase their levels along with build-up of amyloid-beta, the protein found in clumps in the brains of people with Alzheimer’s. Many already had known links to Alzheimer’s, but the researchers also identified a novel protein called PROS1. Blood samples from Alzheimer’s patients also showed an increase in PROS1 levels, with a close correlation with amyloid-beta build-up in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Kyu Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University, College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dohyun Han
- Proteomics Core Facility, Transdisciplinary Research and Collaboration, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Joonho Park
- Interdisciplinary Program for Bioengineering, Seoul National University, College of Engineering, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyunjung Choi
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Genetic Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jong-Chan Park
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University, College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Moon-Yong Cha
- LG Chem Life Science R&D Campus, Drug Discovery Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jongmin Woo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University, College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Min Soo Byun
- Institute of Human Behavioral Medicine, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dong Young Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Youngsoo Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University, College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea. .,Interdisciplinary Program for Bioengineering, Seoul National University, College of Engineering, Seoul, Korea.
| | - Inhee Mook-Jung
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University, College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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Choi JW, Son SM, Mook-Jung I, Moon YJ, Lee JY, Wang KC, Kang HS, Phi JH, Choi SA, Chong S, Byun J, Kim SK. Mitochondrial abnormalities related to the dysfunction of circulating endothelial colony-forming cells in moyamoya disease. J Neurosurg 2019; 129:1151-1159. [PMID: 29219755 DOI: 10.3171/2017.5.jns17147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The authors performed morphological and functional studies of the mitochondria in particular blood cells, i.e., endothelial colony-forming cells (ECFCs), from patients with moyamoya disease. The results indicated that the mitochondria of these ECFCs exhibit morphological and functional abnormalities, which may present new insights into the pathogenesis of moyamoya disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Won Choi
- 1Department of Neurosurgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine
| | - Sung Min Son
- 2Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences
| | | | - Youn Joo Moon
- 3Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Seoul National University Children's Hospital.,4Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul National University Hospital; and
| | - Ji Yeoun Lee
- 3Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Seoul National University Children's Hospital.,5Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu-Chang Wang
- 3Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Seoul National University Children's Hospital.,4Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul National University Hospital; and
| | - Hyun-Seung Kang
- 4Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul National University Hospital; and
| | - Ji Hoon Phi
- 3Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Seoul National University Children's Hospital.,4Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul National University Hospital; and
| | - Seung Ah Choi
- 3Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Seoul National University Children's Hospital.,4Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul National University Hospital; and
| | - Sangjoon Chong
- 3Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Seoul National University Children's Hospital.,4Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul National University Hospital; and
| | - Jayoung Byun
- 2Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences
| | - Seung-Ki Kim
- 3Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Seoul National University Children's Hospital.,4Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul National University Hospital; and
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Chang M, Kim HJ, Mook-Jung I, Oh SH. Hearing loss as a risk factor for cognitive impairment and loss of synapses in the hippocampus. Behav Brain Res 2019; 372:112069. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2019.112069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Revised: 06/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Park J, Baik SH, Mook-Jung I, Irimia D, Cho H. Mimicry of Central-Peripheral Immunity in Alzheimer's Disease and Discovery of Neurodegenerative Roles in Neutrophil. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2231. [PMID: 31611872 PMCID: PMC6776120 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammatory roles of central innate immunity in brain parenchyma are well-regarded in the progression of neurodegenerative disorders including Alzheimer's disease (AD), however, the roles of peripheral immunity in central nervous system (CNS) diseases are less clear. Here, we created a microfluidic environment of human AD brains: microglial neuroinflammation induced by soluble amyloid-beta (Abeta), a signature molecule in AD and employed the environment to investigate the roles of neutrophils through the central-peripheral innate immunity crosstalk. We observed that soluble Abeta-activated human microglial cells produced chemoattractants for neutrophils including IL6, IL8, CCL2, CCL3/4, CCL5 and consequently induced reliable recruitment of human neutrophils. Particularly, we validated the discernable chemo-attractive roles of IL6, IL8, and CCL2 for neutrophils by interrupting the recruitment with neutralizing antibodies. Upon recruitment, microglia-neutrophils interaction results in the production of inflammatory mediators such as MIF and IL2, which are known to up-regulate neuroinflammation in AD. We envision that targeting the crosstalk between central-peripheral immune community is a potential strategy to reduce immunological burdens in other neuroinflammatory CNS diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Park
- The Nanoscale Science Program, Department of Mechanical Engineering and Engineering Science, Department of Biological Sciences, Center for Biomedical Engineering and Science, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, United States
| | - Sung Hoon Baik
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Inhee Mook-Jung
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Daniel Irimia
- Department of Surgery, BioMEMS Resource Center, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, United States
| | - Hansang Cho
- The Nanoscale Science Program, Department of Mechanical Engineering and Engineering Science, Department of Biological Sciences, Center for Biomedical Engineering and Science, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, United States.,Department of Surgery, BioMEMS Resource Center, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, United States.,Department of Biophysics, Institute of Quantum Biology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea
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Baik SH, Kang S, Lee W, Choi H, Chung S, Kim JI, Mook-Jung I. A Breakdown in Metabolic Reprogramming Causes Microglia Dysfunction in Alzheimer's Disease. Cell Metab 2019; 30:493-507.e6. [PMID: 31257151 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2019.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 341] [Impact Index Per Article: 68.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2018] [Revised: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Reactive microglia are a major pathological feature of Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the exact role of microglia in AD pathogenesis is still unclear. Here, using metabolic profiling, we found that exposure to amyloid-β triggers acute microglial inflammation accompanied by metabolic reprogramming from oxidative phosphorylation to glycolysis. It was dependent on the mTOR-HIF-1α pathway. However, once activated, microglia reached a chronic tolerant phase as a result of broad defects in energy metabolisms and subsequently diminished immune responses, including cytokine secretion and phagocytosis. Using genome-wide RNA sequencing and multiphoton microscopy techniques, we further identified metabolically defective microglia in 5XFAD mice, an AD mouse model. Finally, we showed that metabolic boosting with recombinant interferon-γ treatment reversed the defective glycolytic metabolism and inflammatory functions of microglia, thereby mitigating the AD pathology of 5XFAD mice. Collectively, metabolic reprogramming is crucial for microglial functions in AD, and modulating metabolism might be a new therapeutic strategy for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Hoon Baik
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University, College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongro-gu, Seoul 03080, South Korea
| | - Seokjo Kang
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University, College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongro-gu, Seoul 03080, South Korea
| | - Woochan Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Seoul National University, College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongro-gu, Seoul 03080, South Korea
| | - Hayoung Choi
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University, College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongro-gu, Seoul 03080, South Korea
| | - Sunwoo Chung
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University, College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongro-gu, Seoul 03080, South Korea
| | - Jong-Il Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Seoul National University, College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongro-gu, Seoul 03080, South Korea
| | - Inhee Mook-Jung
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University, College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongro-gu, Seoul 03080, South Korea.
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31
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Park JS, Lee J, Jung ES, Kim MH, Kim IB, Son H, Kim S, Kim S, Park YM, Mook-Jung I, Yu SJ, Lee JH. Brain somatic mutations observed in Alzheimer's disease associated with aging and dysregulation of tau phosphorylation. Nat Commun 2019; 10:3090. [PMID: 31300647 PMCID: PMC6626023 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-11000-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of brain somatic mutations in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is not well understood. Here, we perform deep whole-exome sequencing (average read depth 584×) in 111 postmortem hippocampal formation and matched blood samples from 52 patients with AD and 11 individuals not affected by AD. The number of somatic single nucleotide variations (SNVs) in AD brain specimens increases significantly with aging, and the rate of mutation accumulation in the brain is 4.8-fold slower than that in AD blood. The putatively pathogenic brain somatic mutations identified in 26.9% (14 of 52) of AD individuals are enriched in PI3K-AKT, MAPK, and AMPK pathway genes known to contribute to hyperphosphorylation of tau. We show that a pathogenic brain somatic mutation in PIN1 leads to a loss-of-function mutation. In vitro mimicking of haploinsufficiency of PIN1 aberrantly increases tau phosphorylation and aggregation. This study provides new insights into the genetic architecture underlying the pathogenesis of AD. The role of brain somatic mutations in neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is not well understood. Here the authors carry out high-depth exome sequencing ~500× on brain tissue from patients with AD and controls, and identify mutations in a number of genes that are known to contribute to phosphorylation and aggregation of tau, including PIN1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Sung Park
- Biomedical Science and Engineering Interdisciplinary Program, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Junehawk Lee
- Center for Supercomputing Applications, Division of National Supercomputing, Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Sun Jung
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.,Neuroscience Research Institute, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Myeong-Heui Kim
- Biomedical Science and Engineering Interdisciplinary Program, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Il Bin Kim
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeonju Son
- Department of Biomedical Systems Informatics, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
| | - Sangwoo Kim
- Department of Biomedical Systems Informatics, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
| | - Sanghyeon Kim
- Laboratory of Brain Research, Stanley Medical Research Institute (SMRI), 9800 Medical Center Drive, Suite C-050, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA
| | - Young Mok Park
- Center for Cognition and Sociality, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, 34126, Republic of Korea
| | - Inhee Mook-Jung
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.,Neuroscience Research Institute, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok Jong Yu
- Center for Supercomputing Applications, Division of National Supercomputing, Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jeong Ho Lee
- Biomedical Science and Engineering Interdisciplinary Program, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea. .,Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.
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32
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Shin J, Verwilst P, Choi H, Kang S, Han J, Kim NH, Choi JG, Oh MS, Hwang JS, Kim D, Mook-Jung I, Kim JS. Harnessing Intramolecular Rotation To Enhance Two-photon Imaging of Aβ Plaques through Minimizing Background Fluorescence. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:5648-5652. [PMID: 30809896 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201900549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Revised: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The aggregation of amyloid beta (Aβ) proteins in senile plaques is a critical event during the development of Alzheimer's disease, and the postmortem detection of Aβ-rich proteinaceous deposits through fluorescent staining remains one of the most robust diagnostic tools. In animal models, fluorescence imaging can be employed to follow the progression of the disease, and among the different imaging methods, two-photon microscopy (TPM) has emerged as one of the most powerful. To date, several near-infrared-emissive two-photon dyes with a high affinity for Aβ fibrils have been developed, but there has often been a tradeoff between excellent two-photon cross-sections and large fluorescence signal-to-background ratios. In the current work, we introduced a twisted intramolecular charge state (TICT)-based de-excitation pathway, which results in a remarkable fluorescence increase of around 167-fold in the presence of Aβ fibrils, while maintaining an excellent two-photon cross section, thereby enabling high-contrast ex vivo and in vivo TPM imaging. Overall, the results suggest that adopting TICT de-excitation in two-photon fluorophores may represent a general method to overcome the tradeoff between probe brightness and signal-to-background ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinwoo Shin
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Korea
| | - Peter Verwilst
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Korea
| | - Hayoung Choi
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 03080, Korea
| | - Sangrim Kang
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, College of Medicine, Korea.,Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Korea
| | - Jiyou Han
- Department of Biological Sciences, Laboratory of Stem Cell Research and Biotechnology, Hyupsung University, Hwasung-si, 18330, Korea
| | - Na Hee Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Korea
| | - Jin Gyu Choi
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Korea
| | - Myung Sook Oh
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Korea
| | - Ji Sun Hwang
- New Drug Development Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation (DGMIF), Daegu, 41061, Korea
| | - Dokyoung Kim
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, College of Medicine, Korea.,Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Korea.,Biomedical Science Institute, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Korea
| | - Inhee Mook-Jung
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 03080, Korea
| | - Jong Seung Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Korea
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33
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Choi H, Kim C, Song H, Cha MY, Cho HJ, Son SM, Kim HJ, Mook-Jung I. Amyloid β-induced elevation of O-GlcNAcylated c-Fos promotes neuronal cell death. Aging Cell 2019; 18:e12872. [PMID: 30515991 PMCID: PMC6351842 DOI: 10.1111/acel.12872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Revised: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an age-related neurodegenerative disease characterized by progressive memory loss resulting from cumulative neuronal cell death. O-linked β-N-acetyl glucosamine (O-GlcNAc) modification of the proteins reflecting glucose metabolism is altered in the brains of patients with AD. However, the link between altered O-GlcNAc modification and neuronal cell death in AD is poorly understood. Here, we examined the regulation of O-GlcNAcylation of c-Fos and the effects of O-GlcNAcylated c-Fos on neuronal cell death during AD pathogenesis. We found that amyloid beta (Aβ)-induced O-GlcNAcylation on serine-56 and 57 of c-Fos was resulted from decreased interaction between c-Fos and O-GlcNAcase and promoted neuronal cell death. O-GlcNAcylated c-Fos increased its stability and potentiated the transcriptional activity through higher interaction with c-Jun, resulting in induction of Bim expression leading to neuronal cell death. Taken together, Aβ-induced O-GlcNAcylation of c-Fos plays an important role in neuronal cell death during the pathogenesis of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heesun Choi
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences; Seoul National University, College of Medicine; Seoul Korea
| | - Chaeyoung Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences; Seoul National University, College of Medicine; Seoul Korea
| | - Hyundong Song
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences; Seoul National University, College of Medicine; Seoul Korea
| | - Moon-Yong Cha
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences; Seoul National University, College of Medicine; Seoul Korea
| | - Hyun Jin Cho
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences; Seoul National University, College of Medicine; Seoul Korea
| | - Sung Min Son
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences; Seoul National University, College of Medicine; Seoul Korea
| | - Haeng Jun Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences; Seoul National University, College of Medicine; Seoul Korea
| | - Inhee Mook-Jung
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences; Seoul National University, College of Medicine; Seoul Korea
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34
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Moon M, Jung ES, Jeon SG, Cha MY, Jang Y, Kim W, Lopes C, Mook-Jung I, Kim KS. Nurr1 (NR4A2) regulates Alzheimer's disease-related pathogenesis and cognitive function in the 5XFAD mouse model. Aging Cell 2019; 18:e12866. [PMID: 30515963 PMCID: PMC6351845 DOI: 10.1111/acel.12866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The orphan nuclear receptor Nurr1 (also known as NR4A2) is critical for the development and maintenance of midbrain dopaminergic neurons, and is associated with Parkinson's disease. However, an association between Nurr1 and Alzheimer's disease (AD)‐related pathology has not previously been reported. Here, we provide evidence that Nurr1 is expressed in a neuron‐specific manner in AD‐related brain regions; specifically, it is selectively expressed in glutamatergic neurons in the subiculum and the cortex of both normal and AD brains. Based on Nurr1’s expression patterns, we investigated potential functional roles of Nurr1 in AD pathology. Nurr1 expression was examined in the hippocampus and cortex of AD mouse model and postmortem human AD subjects. In addition, we performed both gain‐of‐function and loss‐of‐function studies of Nurr1 and its pharmacological activation in 5XFAD mice. We found that knockdown of Nurr1 significantly aggravated AD pathology while its overexpression alleviated it, including effects on Aβ accumulation, neuroinflammation, and neurodegeneration. Importantly, 5XFAD mice treated with amodiaquine, a highly selective synthetic Nurr1 agonist, showed robust reduction in typical AD features including deposition of Aβ plaques, neuronal loss, microgliosis, and impairment of adult hippocampal neurogenesis, leading to significant improvement of cognitive impairment. These in vivo and in vitro findings suggest that Nurr1 critically regulates AD‐related pathophysiology and identify Nurr1 as a novel AD therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minho Moon
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine; Konyang University; Daejeon Korea
- Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry; McLean Hospital; Harvard Medical School; Belmont Massachusetts
| | - Eun Sun Jung
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine; Seoul National University; Seoul Korea
| | - Seong Gak Jeon
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine; Konyang University; Daejeon Korea
- Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry; McLean Hospital; Harvard Medical School; Belmont Massachusetts
| | - Moon-Yong Cha
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine; Seoul National University; Seoul Korea
| | - Yongwoo Jang
- Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry; McLean Hospital; Harvard Medical School; Belmont Massachusetts
| | - Woori Kim
- Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry; McLean Hospital; Harvard Medical School; Belmont Massachusetts
| | - Claudia Lopes
- Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry; McLean Hospital; Harvard Medical School; Belmont Massachusetts
| | - Inhee Mook-Jung
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine; Seoul National University; Seoul Korea
| | - Kwang-Soo Kim
- Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry; McLean Hospital; Harvard Medical School; Belmont Massachusetts
- Program in Neuroscience; Harvard Medical School; Belmont Massachusetts
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35
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Noh SH, Gee HY, Kim Y, Piao H, Kim J, Kang CM, Lee G, Mook-Jung I, Lee Y, Cho JW, Lee MG. Specific autophagy and ESCRT components participate in the unconventional secretion of CFTR. Autophagy 2018; 14:1761-1778. [PMID: 29969945 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2018.1489479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The most common mutation in cystic fibrosis patients is a phenylalanine deletion at position 508 (ΔF508) in the CFTR (cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator) gene. This mutation impairs cell-surface trafficking of CFTR. During cellular stress, core-glycosylated CFTRΔF508 is transported to the cell surface from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) via an unconventional route that bypasses the Golgi. However, the mechanisms for this unconventional secretory pathway of CFTR are not well delineated. Here, we report that components of the macroautophagy/autophagy and ESCRT (endosomal sorting complex required for transport) pathways are involved in unconventional secretion of CFTR. In mammalian cells, we found that autophagic pathways were modulated by conditions that also stimulate unconventional secretion, namely ER stress and an ER-to-Golgi transport blockade. Additionally, we found that knockdown of early autophagy components, ATG5 and ATG7, and treatment with pharmacological autophagy inhibitors, wortmannin and 3-methyladenine, abolished the unconventional secretion of CFTR that had been stimulated by ER stress and an ER-to-Golgi blockade. Interestingly, immunoelectron microscopy revealed that GORASP2/GRASP55, which mediates unconventional CFTR trafficking, is present in multivesicular bodies (MVB) and autophagosomal structures under ER stress conditions. A custom small-interfering RNA screen of mammalian ESCRT proteins that mediate MVB biogenesis showed that silencing of some ESCRTs, including MVB12B, inhibited unconventional CFTRΔF508 secretion. Furthermore, MVB12B overexpression partially rescued cell-surface expression and Cl- channel function of CFTRΔF508. Taken together, these results suggest that components involved in early autophagosome formation and the ESCRT/MVB pathway play a key role in the stress-induced unconventional secretion of CFTR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin Hye Noh
- a Department of Pharmacology, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Sciences, Severance Biomedical Science Institute , Yonsei University College of Medicine , Seoul , Korea
| | - Heon Yung Gee
- a Department of Pharmacology, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Sciences, Severance Biomedical Science Institute , Yonsei University College of Medicine , Seoul , Korea
| | - Yonjung Kim
- a Department of Pharmacology, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Sciences, Severance Biomedical Science Institute , Yonsei University College of Medicine , Seoul , Korea
| | - He Piao
- a Department of Pharmacology, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Sciences, Severance Biomedical Science Institute , Yonsei University College of Medicine , Seoul , Korea
| | - Jiyoon Kim
- a Department of Pharmacology, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Sciences, Severance Biomedical Science Institute , Yonsei University College of Medicine , Seoul , Korea
| | - Chung Min Kang
- a Department of Pharmacology, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Sciences, Severance Biomedical Science Institute , Yonsei University College of Medicine , Seoul , Korea
| | - Gahyung Lee
- a Department of Pharmacology, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Sciences, Severance Biomedical Science Institute , Yonsei University College of Medicine , Seoul , Korea
| | - Inhee Mook-Jung
- b Department of Biochemistry & Biomedical Sciences , Seoul National University College of Medicine , Seoul , Korea
| | - Yangsin Lee
- c Glycostylation Network Research Center , Yonsei University , Seoul , Korea
| | - Jin Won Cho
- c Glycostylation Network Research Center , Yonsei University , Seoul , Korea.,d Department of Systems Biology, Interdisciplinary Program of Integrated OMICS for Biomedical Science , Yonsei University , Seoul , Korea
| | - Min Goo Lee
- a Department of Pharmacology, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Sciences, Severance Biomedical Science Institute , Yonsei University College of Medicine , Seoul , Korea
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36
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Park JC, Han SH, Byun MS, Yi D, Lee JH, Park K, Lee DY, Mook-Jung I. P3‐224: LOW SERUM PHOSPHORUS AND OTHER BLOOD FACTORS FROM MEDICAL EXAMINATION CORRELATE WITH CEREBRAL Aβ DEPOSITION IN COGNITIVELY IMPAIRED SUBJECTS: RESULTS FROM THE KBASE STUDY. Alzheimers Dement 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2018.06.1583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Chan Park
- Seoul National UniversityCollege of MedicineSeoulSouth Korea
| | - Sun-Ho Han
- Seoul National UniversityCollege of MedicineSeoulSouth Korea
| | - Min Soo Byun
- Medical Research Center Seoul National UniversitySeoulSouth Korea
| | - Dahyun Yi
- Seoul National University HospitalSeoulSouth Korea
| | - Jun Ho Lee
- Seoul National University HospitalSeoulSouth Korea
| | - Kyua Park
- College of Arts and SciencesPennsylvaniaPAUSA
| | - Dong Young Lee
- Medical Research Center Seoul National UniversitySeoulSouth Korea
| | - Inhee Mook-Jung
- Seoul National University College of MedicineSeoulSouth Korea
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Byun MS, Seo J, Yi D, Lee JH, Lee Y, Mook-Jung I, Choi M, Lee DY. P1‐155: ASSOCIATION BETWEEN COMMON GENETIC VARIANTS OF LATE‐ONSET ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE AND FAMILY HISTORY OF ALZHEIMER'S DEMENTIA: A PRELIMINARY STUDY. Alzheimers Dement 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2018.06.159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Min Soo Byun
- Medical Research Center Seoul National UniversitySeoulRepublic of South Korea
| | - Jieun Seo
- Seoul National University College of MedicineSeoulRepublic of South Korea
| | - Dahyun Yi
- Medical Research Center Seoul National UniversitySeoulRepublic of South Korea
| | - Jun Ho Lee
- Seoul National University HospitalSeoulRepublic of South Korea
| | - Younghwa Lee
- Seoul National University HospitalSeoulRepublic of South Korea
| | - Inhee Mook-Jung
- Seoul National University College of MedicineSeoulRepublic of South Korea
| | - Murim Choi
- Seoul National University College of MedicineSeoulRepublic of South Korea
| | - Dong Young Lee
- Medical Research Center Seoul National UniversitySeoulRepublic of South Korea
- Seoul National University College of MedicineSeoulRepublic of South Korea
- Seoul National University HospitalSeoulRepublic of South Korea
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38
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Cho HJ, Mook-Jung I. O
‐GlcNAcylation regulates endoplasmic reticulum exit sites through
Sec31A
modification in conventional secretory pathway. FASEB J 2018; 32:4641-4657. [DOI: 10.1096/fj.201701523r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Jin Cho
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical SciencesCollege of MedicineSeoul National UniversitySeoulSouth Korea
| | - Inhee Mook-Jung
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical SciencesCollege of MedicineSeoul National UniversitySeoulSouth Korea
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Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is often characterized by the impairment of mitochondrial function caused by excessive mitochondrial fragmentation. Thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1), which is primarily secreted from astrocytes in the central nervous system (CNS), has been suggested to play a role in synaptogenesis, spine morphology, and synaptic density of neurons. In this study, we investigate the protective role of TSP-1 in the recovery of mitochondrial morphology and function in amyloid β (Aβ)-treated mouse hippocampal neuroblastoma cells (HT22). We observe that TSP-1 inhibits Aβ-induced mitochondrial fission by maintaining phosphorylated-Drp1 (p-Drp1) levels, which results in reduced Drp1 translocation to the mitochondria. By using gabapentin, a drug that antagonizes the interaction between TSP-1 and its neuronal receptor α2δ1, we observe that α2δ1 acts as one of the target receptors for TSP-1, and blocks the reduction of the p-Drp1 to Drp1 ratio, in the presence of Aβ. Taken together, TSP-1 appears to contribute to maintaining the balance in mitochondrial dynamics and mitochondrial functions, which is crucial for neuronal cell viability. These data suggest that TSP-1 may be a potential therapeutic target for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seokjo Kang
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jayoung Byun
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung Min Son
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Inhee Mook-Jung
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
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40
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Lee J, Kim Y, Liu T, Hwang YJ, Hyeon SJ, Im H, Lee K, Alvarez VE, McKee AC, Um SJ, Hur M, Mook-Jung I, Kowall NW, Ryu H. SIRT3 deregulation is linked to mitochondrial dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease. Aging Cell 2018; 17. [PMID: 29130578 PMCID: PMC5771400 DOI: 10.1111/acel.12679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the leading cause of dementia in the elderly. Despite decades of study, effective treatments for AD are lacking. Mitochondrial dysfunction has been closely linked to the pathogenesis of AD, but the relationship between mitochondrial pathology and neuronal damage is poorly understood. Sirtuins (SIRT, silent mating type information regulation 2 homolog in yeast) are NAD-dependent histone deacetylases involved in aging and longevity. The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between SIRT3 and mitochondrial function and neuronal activity in AD. SIRT3 mRNA and protein levels were significantly decreased in AD cerebral cortex, and Ac-p53 K320 was significantly increased in AD mitochondria. SIRT3 prevented p53-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and neuronal damage in a deacetylase activity-dependent manner. Notably, mitochondrially targeted p53 (mito-p53) directly reduced mitochondria DNA-encoded ND2 and ND4 gene expression resulting in increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reduced mitochondrial oxygen consumption. ND2 and ND4 gene expressions were significantly decreased in patients with AD. p53-ChIP analysis verified the presence of p53-binding elements in the human mitochondrial genome and increased p53 occupancy of mitochondrial DNA in AD. SIRT3 overexpression restored the expression of ND2 and ND4 and improved mitochondrial oxygen consumption by repressing mito-p53 activity. Our results indicate that SIRT3 dysfunction leads to p53-mediated mitochondrial and neuronal damage in AD. Therapeutic modulation of SIRT3 activity may ameliorate mitochondrial pathology and neurodegeneration in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junghee Lee
- VA Boston Healthcare System; Boston MA 02130 USA
- Alzheimer's Disease Center and Department of Neurology; Boston University School of Medicine; Boston MA 02118 USA
| | - Yunha Kim
- Laboratory for Neuronal Gene Regulation and Epigenetics; Center for NeuroMedicine; Brain Science Institute; Korea Institute of Science and Technology; Seoul 02792 South Korea
| | - Tian Liu
- Laboratory for Neuronal Gene Regulation and Epigenetics; Center for NeuroMedicine; Brain Science Institute; Korea Institute of Science and Technology; Seoul 02792 South Korea
| | - Yu Jin Hwang
- Laboratory for Neuronal Gene Regulation and Epigenetics; Center for NeuroMedicine; Brain Science Institute; Korea Institute of Science and Technology; Seoul 02792 South Korea
| | - Seung Jae Hyeon
- Laboratory for Neuronal Gene Regulation and Epigenetics; Center for NeuroMedicine; Brain Science Institute; Korea Institute of Science and Technology; Seoul 02792 South Korea
| | - Hyeonjoo Im
- Laboratory for Neuronal Gene Regulation and Epigenetics; Center for NeuroMedicine; Brain Science Institute; Korea Institute of Science and Technology; Seoul 02792 South Korea
| | - Kyungeun Lee
- Advanced Analysis Center; Korea Institute of Science and Technology; Seoul 02792 South Korea
| | - Victor E. Alvarez
- Alzheimer's Disease Center and Department of Neurology; Boston University School of Medicine; Boston MA 02118 USA
- Bedford VA Medical Center; Bedford MA 01730 USA
| | - Ann C. McKee
- VA Boston Healthcare System; Boston MA 02130 USA
- Alzheimer's Disease Center and Department of Neurology; Boston University School of Medicine; Boston MA 02118 USA
| | - Soo-Jong Um
- Department of Integrative Bioscience and Biotechnology; Sejong University; Seoul 05006 South Korea
| | - Manwook Hur
- Department of Biochemistry; Yonsei University College of Medicine; Seoul 03722 South Korea
| | - Inhee Mook-Jung
- Departments of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences; Seoul National University College of Medicine; Seoul 03080 South Korea
| | - Neil W. Kowall
- VA Boston Healthcare System; Boston MA 02130 USA
- Alzheimer's Disease Center and Department of Neurology; Boston University School of Medicine; Boston MA 02118 USA
| | - Hoon Ryu
- VA Boston Healthcare System; Boston MA 02130 USA
- Alzheimer's Disease Center and Department of Neurology; Boston University School of Medicine; Boston MA 02118 USA
- Laboratory for Neuronal Gene Regulation and Epigenetics; Center for NeuroMedicine; Brain Science Institute; Korea Institute of Science and Technology; Seoul 02792 South Korea
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Cha-Molstad H, Lee SH, Kim JG, Sung KW, Hwang J, Shim SM, Ganipisetti S, McGuire T, Mook-Jung I, Ciechanover A, Xie XQ, Kim BY, Kwon YT. Regulation of autophagic proteolysis by the N-recognin SQSTM1/p62 of the N-end rule pathway. Autophagy 2018; 14:359-361. [PMID: 29261001 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2017.1415190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In macroautophagy/autophagy, cargoes are collected by specific receptors, such as SQSTM1/p62 (sequestosome 1), and delivered to phagophores for lysosomal degradation. To date, little is known about how cells modulate SQSTM1 activity and autophagosome biogenesis in response to accumulating cargoes. In this study, we show that SQSTM1 is an N-recognin whose ZZ domain binds N-terminal arginine (Nt-Arg) and other N-degrons (Nt-Lys, Nt-His, Nt-Trp, Nt-Phe, and Nt-Tyr) of the N-end rule pathway. The substrates of SQSTM1 include the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-residing chaperone HSPA5/GRP78/BiP. Upon N-end rule interaction with the Nt-Arg of arginylated HSPA5 (R-HSPA5), SQSTM1 undergoes self-polymerization via disulfide bonds of Cys residues including Cys113, facilitating cargo collection. In parallel, Nt-Arg-bound SQSTM1 acts as an inducer of autophagosome biogenesis and autophagic flux. Through this dual regulatory mechanism, SQSTM1 plays a key role in the crosstalk between the ubiquitin (Ub)-proteasome system (UPS) and autophagy. Based on these results, we employed 3D-modeling of SQSTM1 and a virtual chemical library to develop small molecule ligands to the ZZ domain of SQSTM1. These autophagy inducers accelerated the autophagic removal of mutant HTT (huntingtin) aggregates. We suggest that SQSTM1 can be exploited as a novel drug target to modulate autophagic processes in pathophysiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunjoo Cha-Molstad
- a Anticancer Agent Research Center (WCI) , Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB) , Cheongju-si , Korea
| | - Su Hyun Lee
- b Protein Metabolism Medical Research Center and Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine , Seoul National University , Seoul , Korea
| | - Jung Gi Kim
- a Anticancer Agent Research Center (WCI) , Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB) , Cheongju-si , Korea.,c Department of Biomolecular Science, KRIBB School of Bioscience , Korea University of Science and Technology (UST) , Daejeon , South Korea
| | - Ki Woon Sung
- b Protein Metabolism Medical Research Center and Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine , Seoul National University , Seoul , Korea
| | - Joonsung Hwang
- a Anticancer Agent Research Center (WCI) , Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB) , Cheongju-si , Korea
| | - Sang Mi Shim
- b Protein Metabolism Medical Research Center and Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine , Seoul National University , Seoul , Korea
| | - Srinivasrao Ganipisetti
- b Protein Metabolism Medical Research Center and Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine , Seoul National University , Seoul , Korea
| | - Terry McGuire
- d Computational Chemogenomics Screen Center, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and National Center of Excellence for Drug Abuse
| | - Inhee Mook-Jung
- e Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences , Seoul National University College of Medicine , Seoul , Korea
| | - Aaron Ciechanover
- b Protein Metabolism Medical Research Center and Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine , Seoul National University , Seoul , Korea.,f The Polak Tumor and Vascular Biology Research Center , The Rappaport Faculty of Medicine and Research Institute, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology , Haifa , Israel
| | - Xiang-Qun Xie
- d Computational Chemogenomics Screen Center, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and National Center of Excellence for Drug Abuse
| | - Bo Yeon Kim
- a Anticancer Agent Research Center (WCI) , Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB) , Cheongju-si , Korea.,c Department of Biomolecular Science, KRIBB School of Bioscience , Korea University of Science and Technology (UST) , Daejeon , South Korea
| | - Yong Tae Kwon
- b Protein Metabolism Medical Research Center and Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine , Seoul National University , Seoul , Korea.,g Ischemic/Hypoxic Disease Institute, College of Medicine , Seoul National University , Seoul, Korea
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Kim DK, Park J, Han D, Yang J, Kim A, Woo J, Kim Y, Mook-Jung I. Molecular and functional signatures in a novel Alzheimer's disease mouse model assessed by quantitative proteomics. Mol Neurodegener 2018; 13:2. [PMID: 29338754 PMCID: PMC5771139 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-017-0234-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 12/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Alzheimer’s disease (AD), the most common neurodegenerative disorder, is characterized by the deposition of extracellular amyloid plaques and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles. To understand the pathological mechanisms underlying AD, developing animal models that completely encompass the main features of AD pathologies is indispensable. Although mouse models that display pathological hallmarks of AD (amyloid plaques, neurofibrillary tangles, or both) have been developed and investigated, a systematic approach for understanding the molecular characteristics of AD mouse models is lacking. Methods To elucidate the mechanisms underlying the contribution of amyloid beta (Aβ) and tau in AD pathogenesis, we herein generated a novel animal model of AD, namely the AD-like pathology with amyloid and neurofibrillary tangles (ADLPAPT) mice. The ADLPAPT mice carry three human transgenes, including amyloid precursor protein, presenilin-1, and tau, with six mutations. To characterize the molecular and functional signatures of AD in ADLPAPT mice, we analyzed the hippocampal proteome and performed comparisons with individual-pathology transgenic mice (i.e., amyloid or neurofibrillary tangles) and wild-type mice using quantitative proteomics with 10-plex tandem mass tag. Results The ADLPAPT mice exhibited accelerated neurofibrillary tangle formation in addition to amyloid plaques, neuronal loss in the CA1 area, and memory deficit at an early age. In addition, our proteomic analysis identified nearly 10,000 protein groups, which enabled the identification of hundreds of differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) in ADLPAPT mice. Bioinformatics analysis of DEPs revealed that ADLPAPT mice experienced age-dependent active immune responses and synaptic dysfunctions. Conclusions Our study is the first to compare and describe the proteomic characteristics in amyloid and neurofibrillary tangle pathologies using isobaric label-based quantitative proteomics. Furthermore, we analyzed the hippocampal proteome of the newly developed ADLPAPT model mice to investigate how both Aβ and tau pathologies regulate the hippocampal proteome. Because the ADLPAPT mouse model recapitulates the main features of AD pathogenesis, the proteomic data derived from its hippocampus has significant utility as a novel resource for the research on the Aβ-tau axis and pathophysiological changes in vivo. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13024-017-0234-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Kyu Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University, College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-ro, Seoul, 110-799, South Korea
| | - Joonho Park
- Interdisciplinary Program in Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Seoul, 151-742, South Korea
| | - Dohyun Han
- Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Seoul, 110-744, South Korea
| | - Jinhee Yang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University, College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-ro, Seoul, 110-799, South Korea
| | - Ahbin Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University, College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-ro, Seoul, 110-799, South Korea
| | - Jongmin Woo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University, College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-ro, Seoul, 110-799, South Korea
| | - Youngsoo Kim
- Interdisciplinary Program in Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Seoul, 151-742, South Korea.
| | - Inhee Mook-Jung
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University, College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-ro, Seoul, 110-799, South Korea. .,Neuroscience Research Institute, Seoul National University, College of Medicine, Seoul, 110-799, South Korea.
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Park JC, Han SH, Byun MS, Yi D, Lee JH, Park K, Lee DY, Mook-Jung I. Low Serum Phosphorus Correlates with Cerebral Aβ Deposition in Cognitively Impaired Subjects: Results from the KBASE Study. Front Aging Neurosci 2017; 9:362. [PMID: 29163142 PMCID: PMC5681522 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2017.00362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), characterized by progressive cognitive decline, is the most prevalent neurodegenerative disease in the elderly. Cerebral β-amyloid (Aβ) deposition is the major pathological hallmark of AD. Recent studies also have shown that the serum level of phosphorus correlates to the risk of incident dementia. To date, the linkage between cerebral Aβ deposition and the serum phosphorus level remains unknown. In this study, we analyzed the levels of serum phosphorus in 109 mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and 73 AD dementia (ADD) subjects. All subjects underwent Pittsburgh compound B positron emission tomography (PiB-PET) imaging to measure cerebral Aβ deposition. The results with Aβ deposition was compared with the serum levels of phosphorus. The subjects with cerebral Aβ deposition showed lower levels of serum phosphorus than those without Aβ deposition. Furthermore, multiple regression analyses showed that a low level of serum phosphorus correlated with cerebral Aβ deposition, even when age, sex, apolipoprotein E ε4 genotype, and MMSE z-score were controlled for. Serum levels of other ions, including calcium, iron, zinc, and copper, showed no such correlation. In conclusion, our results suggest that the serum level of phosphorus may be used as an easily accessible blood biomarker for cerebral Aβ deposition in a cognitively impaired population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Chan Park
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sun-Ho Han
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.,Neuroscience Research Institute, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Min S Byun
- Institute of Human Behavioral Medicine, Medical Research Center Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Dahyun Yi
- Institute of Human Behavioral Medicine, Medical Research Center Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jun Ho Lee
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kyua Park
- Department of Biology, College of Arts & Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania, PA, United States
| | - Dong Young Lee
- Institute of Human Behavioral Medicine, Medical Research Center Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Inhee Mook-Jung
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.,Neuroscience Research Institute, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
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Byun MS, Yi D, Lee JH, Choe YM, Sohn BK, Lee JY, Choi HJ, Baek H, Kim YK, Lee YS, Sohn CH, Mook-Jung I, Choi M, Lee YJ, Lee DW, Ryu SH, Kim SG, Kim JW, Woo JI, Lee DY. Korean Brain Aging Study for the Early Diagnosis and Prediction of Alzheimer's Disease: Methodology and Baseline Sample Characteristics. Psychiatry Investig 2017; 14:851-863. [PMID: 29209391 PMCID: PMC5714729 DOI: 10.4306/pi.2017.14.6.851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2017] [Revised: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 07/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The Korean Brain Aging Study for the Early Diagnosis and Prediction of Alzheimer's disease (KBASE) aimed to recruit 650 individuals, aged from 20 to 90 years, to search for new biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and to investigate how multi-faceted lifetime experiences and bodily changes contribute to the brain changes or brain pathologies related to the AD process. METHODS All participants received comprehensive clinical and neuropsychological evaluations, multi-modal brain imaging, including magnetic resonance imaging, magnetic resonance angiography, [11C]Pittsburgh compound B-positron emission tomography (PET), and [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose-PET, blood and genetic marker analyses at baseline, and a subset of participants underwent actigraph monitoring and completed a sleep diary. Participants are to be followed annually with clinical and neuropsychological assessments, and biannually with the full KBASE assessment, including neuroimaging and laboratory tests. RESULTS As of March 2017, in total, 758 individuals had volunteered for this study. Among them, in total, 591 participants-291 cognitively normal (CN) old-aged individuals, 74 CN young- and middle-aged individuals, 139 individuals with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and 87 individuals with AD dementia (ADD)-were enrolled at baseline, after excluding 162 individuals. A subset of participants (n=275) underwent actigraph monitoring. CONCLUSION The KBASE cohort is a prospective, longitudinal cohort study that recruited participants with a wide age range and a wide distribution of cognitive status (CN, MCI, and ADD) and it has several strengths in its design and methodologies. Details of the recruitment, study methodology, and baseline sample characteristics are described in this paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Soo Byun
- Institute of Human Behavioral Medicine, Medical Research Center Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dahyun Yi
- Institute of Human Behavioral Medicine, Medical Research Center Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Ho Lee
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Min Choe
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan University Hospital, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Bo Kyung Sohn
- Department of Psychiatry, Sanggye Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Young Lee
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, SMG-SNU Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo Jung Choi
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, SMG-SNU Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyewon Baek
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Kyunggi Provincial Hospital for the Elderly, Yongin, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu Kyeong Kim
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, SMG-SNU Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Sang Lee
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chul-Ho Sohn
- Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Inhee Mook-Jung
- Department of Biochemistry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Science, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Murim Choi
- Department of Biomedical Science, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu Jin Lee
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Woo Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Sanggye Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Ho Ryu
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Konkuk University Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Shin Gyeom Kim
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jee Wook Kim
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Hallym University Dongtan Sacred Heart Hospital, Hwaseong, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Inn Woo
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Young Lee
- Institute of Human Behavioral Medicine, Medical Research Center Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Park JC, Han SH, Cho HJ, Byun MS, Yi D, Choe YM, Kang S, Jung ES, Won SJ, Kim EH, Kim YK, Lee DY, Mook-Jung I. Chemically treated plasma Aβ is a potential blood-based biomarker for screening cerebral amyloid deposition. Alzheimers Res Ther 2017; 9:20. [PMID: 28330509 PMCID: PMC5361707 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-017-0248-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2016] [Accepted: 02/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plasma β-amyloid (Aβ) is a potential candidate for an Alzheimer's disease (AD) biomarker because blood is an easily accessible bio-fluid, which can be collected routinely, and Aβ is one of the major hallmarks of AD pathogenesis in the brain. However, the association between plasma Aβ levels and AD diagnosis is still unclear due to the instability and inaccurate measurements of plasma Aβ levels in the blood of patients with AD. If a consistent value of plasma Aβ from the blood can be obtained, this might help determine whether plasma Aβ is a potential biomarker for AD diagnosis. METHODS We predicted the brain amyloid deposit by measuring the plasma Aβ levels. This cross-sectional study included 353 participants (215 cognitively normal, 79 with mild cognitive impairment, and 59 with AD dementia) who underwent Pittsburgh-compound B positron emission tomography (PiB-PET) scans. We treated a mixture of protease inhibitors and phosphatase inhibitors (MPP) and detected plasma Aβ42 and Aβ40 (MPP-Aβ42 and MPP-Aβ40) in a stable manner using xMAP technology. RESULTS MPP-Aβ40 and MPP-Aβ42/40 (MPP-Aβs) were significantly different between subjects with positive amyloid deposition (PiB+) and those with negative amyloid deposition (PiB-) (P < 0.0001). Furthermore, MPP-Aβ40 (P < 0.0001, r = 0.23) and MPP-Aβ42/40 ratio (P < 0.0001, r = -0.23) showed significant correlation with global PiB deposition (standardized uptake value ratio). In addition, our integrated multivariable (MPP-Aβ42/40, gender, age, and apolipoprotein E genotypes) logistic regression model proposes a new standard for the prediction of cerebral amyloid deposition. CONCLUSIONS MPP-Aβ might be one of the potential blood biomarkers for the prediction of PiB-PET positivity in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Chan Park
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University, College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 110-799, South Korea
| | - Sun-Ho Han
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University, College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 110-799, South Korea.,Neuroscience Research Institute, Seoul National University, College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 110-799, South Korea
| | - Hyun Jin Cho
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University, College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 110-799, South Korea
| | - Min Soo Byun
- Institute of Human Behavioral Medicine, Medical Research Center Seoul National University, Seoul, 110-799, South Korea
| | - Dahyun Yi
- Institute of Human Behavioral Medicine, Medical Research Center Seoul National University, Seoul, 110-799, South Korea
| | - Young Min Choe
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan University Hospital, Ulsan, 682-714, South Korea
| | - Seokjo Kang
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University, College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 110-799, South Korea
| | - Eun Sun Jung
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University, College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 110-799, South Korea
| | - Su Jin Won
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University, College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 110-799, South Korea
| | - Eun Hye Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University, College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 110-799, South Korea
| | - Yu Kyeong Kim
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul Metropolitan Government-Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, 156-707, South Korea
| | - Dong Young Lee
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 110-744, South Korea. .,Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 110-744, South Korea.
| | - Inhee Mook-Jung
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University, College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 110-799, South Korea. .,Neuroscience Research Institute, Seoul National University, College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 110-799, South Korea.
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Choi H, Kim HJ, Kim J, Kim S, Yang J, Lee W, Park Y, Hyeon SJ, Lee DS, Ryu H, Chung J, Mook-Jung I. Increased acetylation of Peroxiredoxin1 by HDAC6 inhibition leads to recovery of Aβ-induced impaired axonal transport. Mol Neurodegener 2017; 12:23. [PMID: 28241840 PMCID: PMC5330132 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-017-0164-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Reduction or inhibition of histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) has been shown to rescue memory in mouse models of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and is recently being considered a possible therapeutic strategy. However, the restoring mechanism of HDAC6 inhibition has not been fully understood. Methods and results Here, we found that an anti-oxidant protein Peroxdiredoxin1 (Prx1), a substrate of HDAC6, malfunctions in Aβ treated cells, the brains of 5xFAD AD model mice and AD patients. Malfunctioning Prx1, caused by reduced Prx1 acetylation levels, was recovered by HDAC6 inhibition. Increasing acetylation levels of Prx1 by HDAC6 inhibition recovered elevated reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, elevated Ca2+ levels and impaired mitochondrial axonal transport, sequentially, even in the presence of Aβ. Prx1 mutant studies on the K197 site for an acetylation mimic or silencing mutation support the results showing that HDAC6 inhibitor restores Aβ-induced disruption of ROS, Ca2+ and axonal transport. Conclusions Taken together, increasing acetylation of Prx1 by HDAC6 inhibition has several beneficial effects in AD pathology. Here, we present the novel mechanism by which elevated acetylation of Prx1 rescues mitochondrial axonal transport impaired by Aβ. Therefore, our results suggest that modulation of Prx1 acetylation by HDAC6 inhibition has great therapeutic potential for AD and has further therapeutic possibilities for other neurodegenerative diseases as well. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13024-017-0164-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heesun Choi
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University, College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Haeng Jun Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University, College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jisoo Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University, College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Soohyun Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Seoul National University, College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jinhee Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University, College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Wonik Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University, College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yeonju Park
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Laboratory of Immunology and Cancer Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung Jae Hyeon
- Center for Neuromedicine, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dong-Sup Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Laboratory of Immunology and Cancer Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hoon Ryu
- VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston University Alzheimer's Disease Center, and Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA02130, USA.,Center for Neuromedicine, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Korea
| | - Junho Chung
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Seoul National University, College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Inhee Mook-Jung
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University, College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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Choi BK, Kim JY, Cha MY, Mook-Jung I, Shin YK, Lee NK. Retraction of “β-Amyloid and α-Synuclein Cooperate To Block SNARE-Dependent Vesicle Fusion”. Biochemistry 2017; 56:1026. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.7b00054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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48
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Park JC, Baik SH, Han SH, Cho HJ, Choi H, Kim HJ, Choi H, Lee W, Kim DK, Mook-Jung I. Annexin A1 restores Aβ 1-42 -induced blood-brain barrier disruption through the inhibition of RhoA-ROCK signaling pathway. Aging Cell 2017; 16:149-161. [PMID: 27633771 PMCID: PMC5242298 DOI: 10.1111/acel.12530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The blood–brain barrier (BBB) is composed of brain capillary endothelial cells and has an important role in maintaining homeostasis of the brain separating the blood from the parenchyma of the central nervous system (CNS). It is widely known that disruption of the BBB occurs in various neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD). Annexin A1 (ANXA1), an anti‐inflammatory messenger, is expressed in brain endothelial cells and regulates the BBB integrity. However, its role and mechanism for protecting BBB in AD have not been identified. We found that β‐Amyloid 1‐42 (Aβ42)‐induced BBB disruption was rescued by human recombinant ANXA1 (hrANXA1) in the murine brain endothelial cell line bEnd.3. Also, ANXA1 was decreased in the bEnd.3 cells, the capillaries of 5XFAD mice, and the human serum of patients with AD. To find out the mechanism by which ANXA1 recovers the BBB integrity in AD, the RhoA‐ROCK signaling pathway was examined in both Aβ42‐treated bEnd.3 cells and the capillaries of 5XFAD mice as RhoA was activated in both cases. RhoA inhibitors alleviated Aβ42‐induced BBB disruption and constitutively overexpressed RhoA‐GTP (active form of RhoA) attenuated the protective effect of ANXA1. When pericytes were cocultured with bEnd.3 cells, Aβ42‐induced RhoA activation of bEnd.3 cells was inhibited by the secretion of ANXA1 from pericytes. Taken together, our results suggest that ANXA1 restores Aβ42‐induced BBB disruption through inhibition of RhoA‐ROCK signaling pathway and we propose ANXA1 as a therapeutic reagent, protecting against the breakdown of the BBB in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Chan Park
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences; College of Medicine; Seoul National University; Seoul 110-799 Korea
| | - Sung Hoon Baik
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences; College of Medicine; Seoul National University; Seoul 110-799 Korea
| | - Sun-Ho Han
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences; College of Medicine; Seoul National University; Seoul 110-799 Korea
| | - Hyun Jin Cho
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences; College of Medicine; Seoul National University; Seoul 110-799 Korea
| | - Hyunjung Choi
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences; College of Medicine; Seoul National University; Seoul 110-799 Korea
| | - Haeng Jun Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences; College of Medicine; Seoul National University; Seoul 110-799 Korea
| | - Heesun Choi
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences; College of Medicine; Seoul National University; Seoul 110-799 Korea
| | - Wonik Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences; College of Medicine; Seoul National University; Seoul 110-799 Korea
| | - Dong Kyu Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences; College of Medicine; Seoul National University; Seoul 110-799 Korea
| | - Inhee Mook-Jung
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences; College of Medicine; Seoul National University; Seoul 110-799 Korea
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Kim Y, Mook-Jung I. PRAK mediates Aβ-RAGE driven autophagy pathway. Oncotarget 2017; 8:5648-5649. [PMID: 28077795 PMCID: PMC5351562 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.14544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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Liu T, Lee M, Ban JJ, Im W, Mook-Jung I, Kim M. Cytosolic Extract of Human Adipose Stem Cells Reverses the Amyloid Beta-Induced Mitochondrial Apoptosis via P53/Foxo3a Pathway. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0168859. [PMID: 28046000 PMCID: PMC5207391 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0168859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Human adipose stem cells (hASC) have therapeutic potential for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders. Mitochondrial dysfunction is frequently observed in most neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer’s disease. We explored the therapeutic potential of hASC cytosolic extracts to attenuate neuronal death induced by mitochondrial dysfunction in an Alzheimer’s disease (AD) in vitro models. Amyloid beta (Aβ) was used to induce cytotoxity in an immortal hippocampal cell line (HT22) and neuronal stem cells from the brain of TG2576 transgenic mice were also used to test the protective role of hASC cytosolic extracts. Cell viability and flow cytometry results demonstrated that the hASC extract prevents the toxicity and apoptosis in AD in vitro models. Moreover, JC-1 and MitoSoxRed staining followed by fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry results showed that the hASC extract ameliorated the effect of Aβ-induced mitochondrial oxidative stress and reduced the mitochondrial membrane potential. Western blot result showed that hASC extract modulated mitochondria-associated proteins, such as Bax and Bcl2, and down-regulated cleaved caspase-3. In addition, hASC extract decreased Aβ generation and reversed up-regulated p53 and foxo3a protein level in AD in vitro model cell derived from TG2576 mice. Taken together, these findings implicate a protective role of the hASC extract in the Aβ-induced mitochondrial apoptosis via regulation of P53/foxo3a pathway, providing insight into the molecular mechanisms of hASC extract and a therapeutic strategy to ameliorate neuronal death induced by Aβ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Liu
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Alzheimer’s Byrd Institute, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, United States of America
| | - Mijung Lee
- Department of Neurology, Biomedical Research Institute; College of Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae-Jun Ban
- Department of Neurology, Biomedical Research Institute; College of Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Wooseok Im
- Department of Neurology, Biomedical Research Institute; College of Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- * E-mail: (WI); (MK)
| | - Inhee Mook-Jung
- Department of Biochemistry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Manho Kim
- Department of Neurology, Biomedical Research Institute; College of Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
- Protein Metabolism Medical Research Center, College of Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
- * E-mail: (WI); (MK)
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