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Outeiro TF, Vieira TCRG. Prion meeting 2023: implications of a growing field. Prion 2024; 18:68-71. [PMID: 38651736 PMCID: PMC11042052 DOI: 10.1080/19336896.2024.2343535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The history of human prion diseases began with the original description, by Hans Gerhard Creutzfeldt and by Alfons Maria Jakob, of patients with a severe brain disease that included speech abnormalities, confusion, and myoclonus, in a disease that was then named Creutzfeldt Jakob disease (CJD). Later, in Papua New Guinea, a disease characterized by trembling was identified, and given the name "Kuru". Neuropathological examination of the brains from CJD and Kuru patients, and of brains of sheep with scrapie disease revealed significant similarities and suggested a possible common mode of infection that, at the time, was thought to derive from an unknown virus that caused slow infections. John Stanley Griffith hypothesized that the agent causing these diseases was "probably a protein without nucleic acid" and, in 1982, Stanley Prusiner reported the identification of a proteinaceous infectious particle (coining the term prion) that was resistant to inactivation methods that were at the time standard for nucleic acids, and identified PrP as the major protein component of the infectious agent in scrapie and in Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, classifying this also as a prion disease. Interestingly, the prion concept had been previously expanded to yeast proteins capable of replicating their conformation, seeding their own aggregation and transmitting phenotypic information. The prion concept has been more recently expanded to refer to misfolded proteins that are capable of converting a normal form of a protein into an abnormal form. The quest to understand and treat prion diseases has united a specific research community around the topic, and regular meetings (Prion Meetings) have taken place over the years to enable discussions, train junior researchers, and inspire research in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiago F. Outeiro
- Department of Experimental Neurodegeneration, Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
- Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE), Göttingen, Germany
| | - Tuane C. R. G. Vieira
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis and National Institute of Science and Technology for Structural Biology and Bioimaging, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Kaya BM, Oz S, Esentürk O. Application of Fiber Loop Ringdown Spectroscopy Technique for a New Approach to Beta-Amyloid Monitoring for Alzheimer Disease's Early Detection. Biomed Phys Eng Express 2024. [PMID: 38626737 DOI: 10.1088/2057-1976/ad3f1f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/18/2024]
Abstract
A novel fiber optic biosensor was purposed for a new approach to monitor amyloid beta protein fragment 1-42 (Aβ42) for Alzheimer's Disease (AD) early detection. The sensor was fabricated by etching a part of fiber from single mode fiber loop in pure hydrofluoric acid solution and utilized as a Local Optical Refractometer (LOR) to monitor the change Aβ42 concentration in Artificial Cerebrospinal Fluid (ACSF). The Fiber Loop Ringdown Spectroscopy (FLRDS) technique is an ultra-sensitive measurement technique with low-cost, high sensitivity, real-time measurement, continuous measurement and portability features that was utilized with a fiber optic sensor for the first time for the detection of a biological signature in an ACSF environment. Here, the measurement is based on the total optical loss detection when specially fabricated sensor heads were immersed into ACSF solutions with and without different concentrations of Aβ42 biomarkers since the bulk refractive index change was performed. Baseline stability and the reference ring down times of the sensor head were measured in the air as 0.87% and 441.6 μs 3.9 μs, respectively. Afterward, the total optical loss of the system was measured when the sensor head was immersed in deionized water, ACSF solution, and ACSF solutions with Aβ42 in different concentrations. The lowest Aβ42 concentration of 2 ppm was detected by LOR. Results showed that LOR fabricated by single-mode fibers for FLRDS system design are promising candidates to be utilized as fiber optic biosensors after sensor head modification and have a high potential for early detection applications of not only AD but possibly also several fatal diseases such as diabetes and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Burak Malik Kaya
- Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir Osmangazi University Vocational School of Health Services, Eskisehir, 26480, TURKEY
| | - Semih Oz
- Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir Osmangazi University Vocational School of Health Services, Eskisehir, Eskisehir, 26040, TURKEY
| | - Okan Esentürk
- Department of Chemistry, Middle East Technical University, Faculty of Arts and Science, Chemistry Department, Ankara, 06800, TURKEY
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Weber DM, Taylor SW, Lagier RJ, Kim JC, Goldman SM, Clarke NJ, Vaillancourt DE, Duara R, McFarland KN, Wang WE, Golde TE, Racke MK. Clinical utility of plasma Aβ42/40 ratio by LC-MS/MS in Alzheimer's disease assessment. Front Neurol 2024; 15:1364658. [PMID: 38595851 PMCID: PMC11003272 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2024.1364658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Plasma Aβ42/40 ratio can help predict amyloid PET status, but its clinical utility in Alzheimer's disease (AD) assessment is unclear. Methods Aβ42/40 ratio was measured by LC-MS/MS for 250 specimens with associated amyloid PET imaging, diagnosis, and demographic data, and for 6,192 consecutive clinical specimens submitted for Aβ42/40 testing. Results High diagnostic sensitivity and negative predictive value (NPV) for Aβ-PET positivity were observed, consistent with the clinical performance of other plasma LC-MS/MS assays, but with greater separation between Aβ42/40 values for individuals with positive vs. negative Aβ-PET results. Assuming a moderate prevalence of Aβ-PET positivity, a cutpoint was identified with 99% NPV, which could help predict that AD is likely not the cause of patients' cognitive impairment and help reduce PET evaluation by about 40%. Conclusion High-throughput plasma Aβ42/40 LC-MS/MS assays can help identify patients with low likelihood of AD pathology, which can reduce PET evaluations, allowing for cost savings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darren M. Weber
- Quest Diagnostics Nichols Institute, San Juan Capistrano, CA, United States
| | - Steven W. Taylor
- Quest Diagnostics Nichols Institute, San Juan Capistrano, CA, United States
| | - Robert J. Lagier
- Quest Diagnostics Nichols Institute, San Juan Capistrano, CA, United States
| | - Jueun C. Kim
- Quest Diagnostics Nichols Institute, San Juan Capistrano, CA, United States
| | - Scott M. Goldman
- Quest Diagnostics Nichols Institute, San Juan Capistrano, CA, United States
| | - Nigel J. Clarke
- Quest Diagnostics Nichols Institute, San Juan Capistrano, CA, United States
| | - David E. Vaillancourt
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Ranjan Duara
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
- Wien Center for Alzheimer's Disease and Memory Disorders, Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami Beach, FL, United States
| | - Karen N. McFarland
- Department of Neurology, Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, 1Florida Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center (ADRC), University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Wei-en Wang
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Todd E. Golde
- Department of Neurology, Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, 1Florida Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center (ADRC), University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Department of Neurology, Emory Center for Neurodegenerative Disease, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Michael K. Racke
- Quest Diagnostics Nichols Institute, San Juan Capistrano, CA, United States
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Varshavskaya KB, Petrushanko IY, Mitkevich VA, Barykin EP, Makarov AA. Post-translational modifications of beta-amyloid alter its transport in the blood-brain barrier in vitro model. Front Mol Neurosci 2024; 17:1362581. [PMID: 38516041 PMCID: PMC10954796 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2024.1362581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
One of the hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the accumulation of beta-amyloid peptide (Aβ) leading to formation of soluble neurotoxic Aβ oligomers and insoluble amyloid plaques in various parts of the brain. Aβ undergoes post-translational modifications that alter its pathogenic properties. Aβ is produced not only in brain, but also in the peripheral tissues. Such Aβ, including its post-translationally modified forms, can enter the brain from circulation by binding to RAGE and contribute to the pathology of AD. However, the transport of modified forms of Aβ across the blood-brain barrier (BBB) has not been investigated. Here, we used a transwell BBB model as a controlled environment for permeability studies. We found that Aβ42 containing isomerized Asp7 residue (iso-Aβ42) and Aβ42 containing phosphorylated Ser8 residue (pS8-Aβ42) crossed the BBB better than unmodified Aβ42, which correlated with different contribution of endocytosis mechanisms to the transport of these isoforms. Using microscale thermophoresis, we observed that RAGE binds to iso-Aβ42 an order of magnitude weaker than to Aβ42. Thus, post-translational modifications of Aβ increase the rate of its transport across the BBB and modify the mechanisms of the transport, which may be important for AD pathology and treatment.
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Darricau M, Dou C, Kinet R, Zhu T, Zhou L, Li X, Bedel A, Claverol S, Tokarski C, Katsinelos T, McEwan WA, Zhang L, Gao R, Bourdenx M, Dehay B, Qin C, Bezard E, Planche V. Tau seeds from Alzheimer's disease brains trigger tau spread in macaques while oligomeric-Aβ mediates pathology maturation. Alzheimers Dement 2024; 20:1894-1912. [PMID: 38148705 PMCID: PMC10984505 DOI: 10.1002/alz.13604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The "prion-like" features of Alzheimer's disease (AD) tauopathy and its relationship with amyloid-β (Aβ) have never been experimentally studied in primates phylogenetically close to humans. METHODS We injected 17 macaques in the entorhinal cortex with nanograms of seeding-competent tau aggregates purified from AD brains or control extracts from aged-matched healthy brains, with or without intracerebroventricular co-injections of oligomeric-Aβ. RESULTS Pathological tau injection increased cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) p-tau181 concentration after 18 months. Tau pathology spreads from the entorhinal cortex to the hippocampal trisynaptic loop and the cingulate cortex, resuming the experimental progression of Braak stage I to IV. Many AD-related molecular networks were impacted by tau seeds injections regardless of Aβ injections in proteomic analyses. However, we found mature neurofibrillary tangles, increased CSF total-tau concentration, and pre- and postsynaptic degeneration only in Aβ co-injected macaques. DISCUSSION Oligomeric-Aβ mediates the maturation of tau pathology and its neuronal toxicity in macaques but not its initial spreading. HIGHLIGHTS This study supports the "prion-like" properties of misfolded tau extracted from AD brains. This study empirically validates the Braak staging in an anthropomorphic brain. This study highlights the role of oligomeric Aβ in driving the maturation and toxicity of tau pathology. This work establishes a novel animal model of early sporadic AD that is closer to the human pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgane Darricau
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRSInstitut des Maladies NeurodégénérativesBordeauxFrance
| | - Changsong Dou
- NHC Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative MedicineBeijing Engineering Research Center for Experimental Animal Models of Human Critical DiseasesNational Center for Technology and Innovation of Animal ModelInstitute of Laboratory Animal SciencesChinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS)BeijingP.R. China
| | - Remi Kinet
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRSInstitut des Maladies NeurodégénérativesBordeauxFrance
| | - Tao Zhu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative MedicineBeijing Engineering Research Center for Experimental Animal Models of Human Critical DiseasesNational Center for Technology and Innovation of Animal ModelInstitute of Laboratory Animal SciencesChinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS)BeijingP.R. China
| | - Li Zhou
- NHC Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative MedicineBeijing Engineering Research Center for Experimental Animal Models of Human Critical DiseasesNational Center for Technology and Innovation of Animal ModelInstitute of Laboratory Animal SciencesChinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS)BeijingP.R. China
| | - Xianglei Li
- NHC Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative MedicineBeijing Engineering Research Center for Experimental Animal Models of Human Critical DiseasesNational Center for Technology and Innovation of Animal ModelInstitute of Laboratory Animal SciencesChinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS)BeijingP.R. China
| | - Aurélie Bedel
- CHU de BordeauxService de biochimie, BordeauxUniv. BordeauxBordeauxFrance
| | | | | | - Taxiarchis Katsinelos
- UK Dementia Research InstituteDepartment of Clinical NeurosciencesUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - William A. McEwan
- UK Dementia Research InstituteDepartment of Clinical NeurosciencesUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - Ling Zhang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative MedicineBeijing Engineering Research Center for Experimental Animal Models of Human Critical DiseasesNational Center for Technology and Innovation of Animal ModelInstitute of Laboratory Animal SciencesChinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS)BeijingP.R. China
| | - Ran Gao
- NHC Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative MedicineBeijing Engineering Research Center for Experimental Animal Models of Human Critical DiseasesNational Center for Technology and Innovation of Animal ModelInstitute of Laboratory Animal SciencesChinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS)BeijingP.R. China
| | - Mathieu Bourdenx
- UK Dementia Research InstituteUCL Queen Square Institute of NeurologyLondonUK
| | - Benjamin Dehay
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRSInstitut des Maladies NeurodégénérativesBordeauxFrance
| | - Chuan Qin
- NHC Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative MedicineBeijing Engineering Research Center for Experimental Animal Models of Human Critical DiseasesNational Center for Technology and Innovation of Animal ModelInstitute of Laboratory Animal SciencesChinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS)BeijingP.R. China
- Changping National laboratory (CPNL)BeijingChina
| | - Erwan Bezard
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRSInstitut des Maladies NeurodégénérativesBordeauxFrance
- Motac NeuroscienceFloiracFrance
| | - Vincent Planche
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRSInstitut des Maladies NeurodégénérativesBordeauxFrance
- CHU de Bordeaux, Pôle de Neurosciences CliniquesCentre Mémoire de Ressources et de RechercheBordeauxFrance
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Jakowiecki J, Orzeł U, Miszta P, Młynarczyk K, Filipek S. Conformational Changes and Unfolding of β-Amyloid Substrates in the Active Site of γ-Secretase. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2564. [PMID: 38473811 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the leading cause of dementia and is characterized by a presence of amyloid plaques, composed mostly of the amyloid-β (Aβ) peptides, in the brains of AD patients. The peptides are generated from the amyloid precursor protein (APP), which undergoes a sequence of cleavages, referred as trimming, performed by γ-secretase. Here, we investigated conformational changes in a series of β-amyloid substrates (from less and more amyloidogenic pathways) in the active site of presenilin-1, the catalytic subunit of γ-secretase. The substrates are trimmed every three residues, finally leading to Aβ40 and Aβ42, which are the major components of amyloid plaques. To study conformational changes, we employed all-atom molecular dynamics simulations, while for unfolding, we used steered molecular dynamics simulations in an implicit membrane-water environment to accelerate changes. We have found substantial differences in the flexibility of extended C-terminal parts between more and less amyloidogenic pathway substrates. We also propose that the positively charged residues of presenilin-1 may facilitate the stretching and unfolding of substrates. The calculated forces and work/energy of pulling were exceptionally high for Aβ40, indicating why trimming of this substrate is so infrequent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Jakowiecki
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biological and Chemical Research Centre, University of Warsaw, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Urszula Orzeł
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biological and Chemical Research Centre, University of Warsaw, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Przemysław Miszta
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biological and Chemical Research Centre, University of Warsaw, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Młynarczyk
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biological and Chemical Research Centre, University of Warsaw, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Sławomir Filipek
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biological and Chemical Research Centre, University of Warsaw, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
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Nijakowski K, Owecki W, Jankowski J, Surdacka A. Salivary Biomarkers for Alzheimer's Disease: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1168. [PMID: 38256241 PMCID: PMC10817083 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25021168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disease which manifests with progressive cognitive impairment, leading to dementia. Considering the noninvasive collection of saliva, we designed the systematic review to answer the question "Are salivary biomarkers reliable for the diagnosis of Alzheimer's Disease?" Following the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 30 studies were included in this systematic review (according to the PRISMA statement guidelines). Potential biomarkers include mainly proteins, metabolites and even miRNAs. Based on meta-analysis, in AD patients, salivary levels of beta-amyloid42 and p-tau levels were significantly increased, and t-tau and lactoferrin were decreased at borderline statistical significance. However, according to pooled AUC, lactoferrin and beta-amyloid42 showed a significant predictive value for salivary-based AD diagnosis. In conclusion, potential markers such as beta-amyloid42, tau and lactoferrin can be detected in the saliva of AD patients, which could reliably support the early diagnosis of this neurodegenerative disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kacper Nijakowski
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-812 Poznan, Poland;
| | - Wojciech Owecki
- Student’s Scientific Group in Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-812 Poznan, Poland (J.J.)
| | - Jakub Jankowski
- Student’s Scientific Group in Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-812 Poznan, Poland (J.J.)
| | - Anna Surdacka
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-812 Poznan, Poland;
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Zorkina YA, Morozova IO, Abramova OV, Ochneva AG, Gankina OA, Andryushenko AV, Kurmyshev MV, Kostyuk GP, Morozova AY. [Use of modern classification systems for complex diagnostics of Alzheimer's disease]. Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova 2024; 124:121-127. [PMID: 38261294 DOI: 10.17116/jnevro2024124011121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the content of β-amyloid (Aβ) peptides Aβ40, Aβ42, total and threonine phosphorylated 181 tau-protein in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of patients with the clinical diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). MATERIAL AND METHODS The study was performed on 64 patients with a diagnosis of dementia and MMSE scores of 24 or lower. All patients underwent lumbar puncture. Aβ40, Aβ42, Aβ42/40 ratio, total tau, phosphorylated tau at threonine 181 were determined in the CSF using a multiplex assay according to the manufacturer's protocol, the concentration was determined in pkg/ml. RESULTS The preliminary diagnosis of AD was made in 3 patients (5%). As a result of the study of protein content in the CSF, signs of AD were detected in 48 (75%) people. The findings suggest that the diagnosis of AD is made 10-14 times less frequently than it should be according to the World Health Organization data. The discrepancy between clinical diagnosis and laboratory findings is confirmed by our study. CONCLUSION Differences in the therapy of dementias and the development of new drugs targeting specific links in the pathogenesis of different types of dementias require accurate and complete diagnosis of dementias, especially AD, as the most common type of dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y A Zorkina
- Serbsky National Medical Research Center of Psychiatry and Narcology, Moscow, Russia
- Alexeev Mental-Health Clinic No. 1 of Moscow Healthcare Department, Moscow, Russia
| | - I O Morozova
- Alexeev Mental-Health Clinic No. 1 of Moscow Healthcare Department, Moscow, Russia
| | - O V Abramova
- Serbsky National Medical Research Center of Psychiatry and Narcology, Moscow, Russia
- Alexeev Mental-Health Clinic No. 1 of Moscow Healthcare Department, Moscow, Russia
| | - A G Ochneva
- Serbsky National Medical Research Center of Psychiatry and Narcology, Moscow, Russia
- Alexeev Mental-Health Clinic No. 1 of Moscow Healthcare Department, Moscow, Russia
| | - O A Gankina
- Alexeev Mental-Health Clinic No. 1 of Moscow Healthcare Department, Moscow, Russia
- Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education, Moscow, Russia
| | - A V Andryushenko
- Alexeev Mental-Health Clinic No. 1 of Moscow Healthcare Department, Moscow, Russia
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - M V Kurmyshev
- Alexeev Mental-Health Clinic No. 1 of Moscow Healthcare Department, Moscow, Russia
| | - G P Kostyuk
- Alexeev Mental-Health Clinic No. 1 of Moscow Healthcare Department, Moscow, Russia
| | - A Yu Morozova
- Serbsky National Medical Research Center of Psychiatry and Narcology, Moscow, Russia
- Alexeev Mental-Health Clinic No. 1 of Moscow Healthcare Department, Moscow, Russia
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Steiner K, Humpel C. Beta-Amyloid Enhances Vessel Formation in Organotypic Brain Slices Connected to Microcontact Prints. Biomolecules 2023; 14:3. [PMID: 38275744 PMCID: PMC10812928 DOI: 10.3390/biom14010003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
In Alzheimer's disease, the blood-brain barrier breakdown, blood vessel damage and re-organization are early events. Deposits of the small toxic peptide beta-amyloid (Aβ) cause the formation of extracellular plaques and accumulate in vessels disrupting the blood flow but may also play a role in blood clotting. In the present study, we aim to explore the impact of Aβ on the migration of endothelial cells and subsequent vessel formation. We use organotypic brain slices of postnatal day 10 wildtype mice (C57BL/6) and connect them to small microcontact prints (µCPs) of collagen. Our data show that laminin-positive endothelial cells migrate onto collagen µCPs, but without any vessel formation after 4 weeks. When the µCPs are loaded with human Aβ40, (aggregated) human Aβ42 and mouse Aβ42 peptides, the number and migration distance of endothelial cells are significantly reduced, but with a more pronounced subsequent vessel formation. The vessel formation is verified by zonula occludens (ZO)-1 and -2 stainings and confocal microscopy. In addition, the vessel formation is accompanied by a stronger GFAP-positive astroglial formation. Finally, we show that vessels can grow towards convergence when two opposed slices are connected via microcontact-printed lanes. In conclusion, our data show that Aβ promotes vessel formation, and organotypic brain slices connected to collagen µCPs provide a potent tool to study vessel formation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Christian Humpel
- Laboratory of Psychiatry and Experimental Alzheimer’s Research, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria;
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Zhao Y, Rao PPN. Small Molecules N-Phenylbenzofuran-2-carboxamide and N-Phenylbenzo[ b]thiophene-2-carboxamide Promote Beta-Amyloid (Aβ42) Aggregation and Mitigate Neurotoxicity. ACS Chem Neurosci 2023; 14:4185-4198. [PMID: 37972377 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.3c00576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
This study reports the unusual ability of small molecules N-phenylbenzofuran-2-carboxamide (7a) and N-phenylbenzo[b]thiophene-2-carboxamide (7b) to promote and accelerate Aβ42 aggregation. In the in vitro aggregation kinetic assays, 7a was able to demonstrate rapid increases in Aβ42 fibrillogenesis ranging from 1.5- to 4.7-fold when tested at 1, 5, 10, and 25 μM compared to Aβ42-alone control. Similarly, compound 7b also exhibited 2.9- to 4.3-fold increases in Aβ42 fibrillogenesis at the concentration range tested. Electron microscopy studies at 1, 5, 10, and 25 μM also demonstrate the ability of compounds 7a and 7b to promote and accelerate Aβ42 aggregation with the formation of long, elongated fibril structures. Both 7a and 7b were not toxic to HT22 hippocampal neuronal cells and strikingly were able to prevent Aβ42-induced cytotoxicity in HT22 hippocampal neuronal cells (cell viability ∼74%) compared to the Aβ42-treated group (cell viability ∼20%). Fluorescence imaging studies using BioTracker 490 green, Hoeschst 33342, and the amyloid binding dye ProteoStat further demonstrate the ability of 7a and 7b to promote Aβ42 fibrillogenesis and prevent Aβ42-induced cytotoxicity to HT22 hippocampal neuronal cells. Computational modeling studies suggest that both 7a and 7b can interact with the Aβ42 oligomer and pentamers and have the potential to modulate the self-assembly pathways. The 8-anilino-1-naphthalenesulfonic acid (ANS) dye binding assay also demonstrates the ability of 7a and 7b to expose the hydrophobic surface of Aβ42 to the solvent surface that promotes self-assembly and rapid fibrillogenesis. These studies demonstrate the unique ability of small molecules 7a and 7b to alter the self-assembly and misfolding pathways of Aβ42 by promoting the formation of nontoxic aggregates. These findings have direct implications in the discovery and development of novel small-molecule-based chemical and pharmacological tools to study the Aβ42 aggregation mechanisms, and in the design of novel antiamyloid therapies to treat Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusheng Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Health Sciences Campus, University of Waterloo, Ontario, Waterloo N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Praveen P N Rao
- School of Pharmacy, Health Sciences Campus, University of Waterloo, Ontario, Waterloo N2L 3G1, Canada
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Pati S, Singh Gautam A, Dey M, Tiwari A, Kumar Singh R. Molecular and functional characteristics of receptor-interacting protein kinase 1 (RIPK1) and its therapeutic potential in Alzheimer's disease. Drug Discov Today 2023; 28:103750. [PMID: 37633326 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2023.103750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/28/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation and cell death processes positively control the organ homeostasis of an organism. Receptor-interacting protein kinase 1 (RIPK1), a member of the RIPK family, is a crucial regulator of cell death and inflammation, and control homeostasis at the cellular and tissue level. Necroptosis, a programmed form of necrosis-mediated cell death and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-induced necrotic cell death, is mostly regulated by RIPK1 kinase activity. Thus, RIPK1 has recently emerged as an upstream kinase that controls multiple cellular pathways and participates in regulating inflammation and cell death. All the major cell types in the central nervous system (CNS) have been found to express RIPK1. Selective inhibition of RIPK1 has been shown to prevent neuronal cell death, which could ultimately lead to a significant reduction of neurodegeneration and neuroinflammation. In addition, the kinase structure of RIPK1 is highly conducive to the development of specific pharmacological small-molecule inhibitors. These factors have led to the emergence of RIPK1 as an important therapeutic target for Alzheimer's disease (AD).
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Affiliation(s)
- Satyam Pati
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) - Raebareli, Transit Campus, Bijnour-sisendi Road, Sarojini Nagar, Lucknow 226002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Avtar Singh Gautam
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) - Raebareli, Transit Campus, Bijnour-sisendi Road, Sarojini Nagar, Lucknow 226002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Mangaldeep Dey
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) - Raebareli, Transit Campus, Bijnour-sisendi Road, Sarojini Nagar, Lucknow 226002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Aman Tiwari
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) - Raebareli, Transit Campus, Bijnour-sisendi Road, Sarojini Nagar, Lucknow 226002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Rakesh Kumar Singh
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) - Raebareli, Transit Campus, Bijnour-sisendi Road, Sarojini Nagar, Lucknow 226002, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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12
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Phukan BC, Roy R, Gahatraj I, Bhattacharya P, Borah A. Therapeutic considerations of bioactive compounds in Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease: Dissecting the molecular pathways. Phytother Res 2023; 37:5657-5699. [PMID: 37823581 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.8012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Leading neurodegenerative diseases Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD) are characterized by the impairment of memory and motor functions, respectively. Despite several breakthroughs, there exists a lack of disease-modifying treatment strategies for these diseases, as the available drugs provide symptomatic relief and bring along side effects. Bioactive compounds are reported to bear neuroprotective properties with minimal toxicity, however, a detailed elucidation of their modes of neuroprotection is lacking. The review elucidates the neuroprotective mechanism(s) of some of the major phyto-compounds in pre-clinical and clinical studies of AD and PD to understand their potential in combating these diseases. Curcumin, eugenol, resveratrol, baicalein, sesamol and so on have proved efficient in countering the pathological hallmarks of AD and PD. Curcumin, resveratrol, caffeine and so on have reached the clinical phases of these diseases, while aromadendrin, delphinidin, cyanidin and xanthohumol are yet to be extensively explored in pre-clinical phases. The review highlights the need for extensive investigation of these compounds in the clinical stages of these diseases so as to utilize their disease-modifying abilities in the real field of treatment. Moreover, poor pharmacokinetic properties of natural compounds are constraints to their therapeutic yields and this review suggests a plausible contribution of nanotechnology in overcoming these limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rubina Roy
- Department of Life Science and Bioinformatics, Assam University, Silchar, Assam, India
| | - Indira Gahatraj
- Department of Life Science and Bioinformatics, Assam University, Silchar, Assam, India
| | - Pallab Bhattacharya
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Anupom Borah
- Department of Life Science and Bioinformatics, Assam University, Silchar, Assam, India
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13
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Wang L, Shui X, Diao Y, Chen D, Zhou Y, Lee TH. Potential Implications of miRNAs in the Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Therapeutics of Alzheimer's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16259. [PMID: 38003448 PMCID: PMC10671222 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242216259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a complex multifactorial disorder that poses a substantial burden on patients, caregivers, and society. Considering the increased aging population and life expectancy, the incidence of AD will continue to rise in the following decades. However, the molecular pathogenesis of AD remains controversial, superior blood-based biomarker candidates for early diagnosis are still lacking, and effective therapeutics to halt or slow disease progression are urgently needed. As powerful genetic regulators, microRNAs (miRNAs) are receiving increasing attention due to their implications in the initiation, development, and theranostics of various diseases, including AD. In this review, we summarize miRNAs that directly target microtubule-associated protein tau (MAPT), amyloid precursor protein (APP), and β-site APP-cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1) transcripts and regulate the alternative splicing of tau and APP. We also discuss related kinases, such as glycogen synthase kinase (GSK)-3β, cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (CDK5), and death-associated protein kinase 1 (DAPK1), as well as apolipoprotein E, that are directly targeted by miRNAs to control tau phosphorylation and amyloidogenic APP processing leading to Aβ pathologies. Moreover, there is evidence of miRNA-mediated modulation of inflammation. Furthermore, circulating miRNAs in the serum or plasma of AD patients as noninvasive biomarkers with diagnostic potential are reviewed. In addition, miRNA-based therapeutics optimized with nanocarriers or exosomes as potential options for AD treatment are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Ying Zhou
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Translational Research in Cancer and Neurodegenerative Diseases, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China; (L.W.)
| | - Tae Ho Lee
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Translational Research in Cancer and Neurodegenerative Diseases, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China; (L.W.)
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14
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Chong JR, Chai YL, Xing H, Herr DR, Wenk MR, Francis PT, Ballard C, Aarsland D, Silver DL, Chen CP, Cazenave‐Gassiot A, Lai MKP. Decreased DHA-containing phospholipids in the neocortex of dementia with Lewy bodies are associated with soluble Aβ 42 , phosphorylated α-synuclein, and synaptopathology. Brain Pathol 2023; 33:e13190. [PMID: 37463072 PMCID: PMC10580008 DOI: 10.1111/bpa.13190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is an essential omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid implicated in cognitive functions by promoting synaptic protein expression. While alterations of specific DHA-containing phospholipids have been described in the neocortex of patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD), the status of these lipids in dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), known to manifest aggregated α-synuclein-containing Lewy bodies together with variable amyloid pathology, is unclear. In this study, post-mortem samples from the parietal cortex of 25 DLB patients and 17 age-matched controls were processed for phospholipidomics analyses using a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) platform. After controlling for false discovery rate, six out of the 46 identified putative DHA-phospholipid species were significantly decreased in DLB, with only one showing increase. Altered putative DHA-phospholipid species were subsequently validated with further LC-MS/MS measurements. Of the DHA-containing phospholipid (DCP) species showing decreases, five negatively correlated with soluble beta-amyloid (Aβ42) levels, whilst three also correlated with phosphorylated α-synuclein (all p < 0.05). Furthermore, five of these phospholipid species correlated with deficits of presynaptic Rab3A, postsynaptic neurogranin, or both (all p < 0.05). Finally, we found altered immunoreactivities of brain lysolipid DHA transporter, MFSD2A, and the fatty acid binding protein FABP5 in DLB parietal cortex. In summary, we report alterations of specific DCP species in DLB, as well as their associations with markers of neuropathological burden and synaptopathology. These results support the potential role of DHA perturbations in DLB as well as therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joyce R. Chong
- Department of PharmacologyYong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of SingaporeKent RidgeSingapore
- Memory, Aging and Cognition CentreNational University Health SystemKent RidgeSingapore
| | - Yuek Ling Chai
- Department of PharmacologyYong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of SingaporeKent RidgeSingapore
- Memory, Aging and Cognition CentreNational University Health SystemKent RidgeSingapore
| | - Huayang Xing
- Department of PharmacologyYong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of SingaporeKent RidgeSingapore
| | - Deron R. Herr
- Department of PharmacologyYong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of SingaporeKent RidgeSingapore
| | - Markus R. Wenk
- Department of BiochemistryYong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of SingaporeKent RidgeSingapore
- Singapore Lipidomics Incubator (SLING), Life Sciences InstituteNational University of SingaporeKent RidgeSingapore
| | | | - Clive Ballard
- College of Medicine and HealthUniversity of ExeterExeterUK
| | - Dag Aarsland
- Department of Old Age PsychiatryInstitute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College LondonLondonUK
- Centre for Age‐Related MedicineStavanger University HospitalStavangerNorway
| | - David L. Silver
- Signature Research Program in Cardiovascular and Metabolic DisordersDuke‐National University of Singapore (NUS) Medical SchoolOutramSingapore
| | - Christopher P. Chen
- Department of PharmacologyYong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of SingaporeKent RidgeSingapore
- Memory, Aging and Cognition CentreNational University Health SystemKent RidgeSingapore
| | - Amaury Cazenave‐Gassiot
- Department of BiochemistryYong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of SingaporeKent RidgeSingapore
- Singapore Lipidomics Incubator (SLING), Life Sciences InstituteNational University of SingaporeKent RidgeSingapore
| | - Mitchell K. P. Lai
- Department of PharmacologyYong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of SingaporeKent RidgeSingapore
- Memory, Aging and Cognition CentreNational University Health SystemKent RidgeSingapore
- College of Medicine and HealthUniversity of ExeterExeterUK
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15
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Li Z, Peng M, Wang C, Yang J, Li X, Zhao J. Impact of alternating amino acid sequences on beta-amyloid-induced neurotoxicity and neuroinflammation in Alzheimer's disease. Aging (Albany NY) 2023; 15:10580-10592. [PMID: 37819792 PMCID: PMC10599720 DOI: 10.18632/aging.205095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a chronic neurodegenerative disease and the common cause of dementia. The aggregation of beta-amyloid (Aβ peptide) leading to excessive neuroinflammation is considered to be the neuropathological hallmark of AD, although the precise mechanisms remain unclear. Oligomerization of these peptides may be associated with their 42 amino acid residue arrangement. However, the process of amyloid plaque formation is still not well known. The protein folding-shape code (PFSC) method is a powerful tool to analyze protein confirmation which could exhibit the local structural folding features in detail. In our study, we utilized the PFSC to analyze Aβ peptide in humans and mice and found that mouse Aβ42 is less likely to polymerize than human's. Subsequently, we used the PFSC method to analyze the 42 amino acids of Aβ, transformed some species in human Aβ42 and obtained 7 mutants. We showed that it was not easy to aggregate Aβ in mutants. Herein, inflammatory responses were decreased, as indicated by the expression of cytokines. We confirmed that the neurotoxicity of mutant human Aβ was decreased by preventing peptide aggregation. This may represent a new therapeutic approach for treating AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Minqi Peng
- The Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Chen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jiaan Yang
- The Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Xiang Li
- The Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
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16
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Rakovskaya A, Erofeev A, Vinokurov E, Pchitskaya E, Dahl R, Bezprozvanny I. Positive Allosteric Modulators of SERCA Pump Restore Dendritic Spines and Rescue Long-Term Potentiation Defects in Alzheimer's Disease Mouse Model. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13973. [PMID: 37762276 PMCID: PMC10530588 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241813973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder that affects memory formation and storage processes. Dysregulated neuronal calcium (Ca2+) has been identified as one of the key pathogenic events in AD, and it has been suggested that pharmacological agents that stabilize Ca2+ neuronal signaling can act as disease-modifying agents in AD. In previous studies, we demonstrated that positive allosteric regulators (PAMs) of the sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ ATPase (SERCA) pump might act as such Ca2+-stabilizing agents and exhibit neuroprotective properties. In the present study, we evaluated effects of a set of novel SERCA PAM agents on the rate of Ca2+ extraction from the cytoplasm of the HEK293T cell line, on morphometric parameters of dendritic spines of primary hippocampal neurons in normal conditions and in conditions of amyloid toxicity, and on long-term potentiation in slices derived from 5xFAD transgenic mice modeling AD. Several SERCA PAM compounds demonstrated neuroprotective properties, and the compound NDC-9009 showed the best results. The findings in this study support the hypothesis that the SERCA pump is a potential therapeutic target for AD treatment and that NDC-9009 is a promising lead molecule to be used in the development of disease-modifying agents for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasiya Rakovskaya
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurodegeneration, Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnical University, St. Petersburg 195251, Russia; (A.R.); (A.E.); (E.V.); (E.P.)
| | - Alexander Erofeev
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurodegeneration, Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnical University, St. Petersburg 195251, Russia; (A.R.); (A.E.); (E.V.); (E.P.)
| | - Egor Vinokurov
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurodegeneration, Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnical University, St. Petersburg 195251, Russia; (A.R.); (A.E.); (E.V.); (E.P.)
| | - Ekaterina Pchitskaya
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurodegeneration, Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnical University, St. Petersburg 195251, Russia; (A.R.); (A.E.); (E.V.); (E.P.)
| | - Russell Dahl
- Neurodon Corporation, 9800 Connecticut Drive, Crown Point, IN 46307, USA;
| | - Ilya Bezprozvanny
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurodegeneration, Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnical University, St. Petersburg 195251, Russia; (A.R.); (A.E.); (E.V.); (E.P.)
- Department of Physiology, UT Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
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17
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Chen ZL, Singh PK, Calvano M, Norris EH, Strickland S. A possible mechanism for the enhanced toxicity of beta-amyloid protofibrils in Alzheimer's disease. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2309389120. [PMID: 37639602 PMCID: PMC10483626 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2309389120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The amyloid-beta peptide (Aβ) is a driver of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Aβ monomers can aggregate and form larger soluble (oligomers/protofibrils) and insoluble (fibrils) forms. There is evidence that Aβ protofibrils are the most toxic form, but the reasons are not known. Consistent with a critical role for this form of Aβ in AD, a recently FDA-approved therapeutic antibody targeted against protofibrils, lecanemab, slows the progression of AD in patients. The plasma contact system, which can promote coagulation and inflammation, has been implicated in AD pathogenesis. This system is activated by Aβ which could lead to vascular and inflammatory pathologies associated with AD. We show here that the contact system is preferentially activated by protofibrils of Aβ. Aβ protofibrils bind to coagulation factor XII and high molecular weight kininogen and accelerate the activation of the system. Furthermore, lecanemab blocks Aβ protofibril activation of the contact system. This work provides a possible mechanism for Aβ protofibril toxicity in AD and why lecanemab is therapeutically effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zu-Lin Chen
- Patricia and John Rosenwald Laboratory of Neurobiology and Genetics, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY10065
| | - Pradeep K. Singh
- Patricia and John Rosenwald Laboratory of Neurobiology and Genetics, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY10065
| | - Marissa Calvano
- Patricia and John Rosenwald Laboratory of Neurobiology and Genetics, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY10065
| | - Erin H. Norris
- Patricia and John Rosenwald Laboratory of Neurobiology and Genetics, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY10065
| | - Sidney Strickland
- Patricia and John Rosenwald Laboratory of Neurobiology and Genetics, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY10065
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18
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Yang Y, Ondrejcak T, Hu NW, Islam S, O'Rourke E, Reilly RB, Cunningham C, Rowan MJ, Klyubin I. Gamma-patterned sensory stimulation reverses synaptic plasticity deficits in rat models of early Alzheimer's disease. Eur J Neurosci 2023; 58:3402-3411. [PMID: 37655756 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.16129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Non-invasive sensory stimulation in the range of the brain's gamma rhythm (30-100 Hz) is emerging as a new potential therapeutic strategy for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Here, we investigated the effect of repeated combined exposure to 40 Hz synchronized sound and light stimuli on hippocampal long-term potentiation (LTP) in vivo in three rat models of early AD. We employed a very complete model of AD amyloidosis, amyloid precursor protein (APP)-overexpressing transgenic McGill-R-Thy1-APP rats at an early pre-plaque stage, systemic treatment of transgenic APP rats with corticosterone modelling certain environmental AD risk factors and, importantly, intracerebral injection of highly disease-relevant AD patient-derived synaptotoxic beta-amyloid and tau in wild-type animals. We found that daily treatment with 40 Hz sensory stimulation for 2 weeks fully abrogated the inhibition of LTP in all three models. Moreover, there was a negative correlation between the magnitude of LTP and the level of active caspase-1 in the hippocampus of transgenic APP animals, which suggests that the beneficial effect of 40 Hz stimulation was dependent on modulation of pro-inflammatory mechanisms. Our findings support ongoing clinical trials of gamma-patterned sensory stimulation in early AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Yang
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Tomas Ondrejcak
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Neng-Wei Hu
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Sadia Islam
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Eugene O'Rourke
- Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Richard B Reilly
- School of Medicine, Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Colm Cunningham
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Michael J Rowan
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Igor Klyubin
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland
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19
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Wang SM, Kang DW, Um YH, Kim S, Lee CU, Lim HK. Olfactory Dysfunction Is Associated with Cerebral Amyloid Deposition and Cognitive Function in the Trajectory of Alzheimer's Disease. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1336. [PMID: 37759734 PMCID: PMC10526796 DOI: 10.3390/biom13091336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Olfactory dysfunction is consistently observed in individuals with Alzheimer's disease (AD), but its association with beta-amyloid (Aβ) deposition remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the relationship among olfactory function, cerebral Aβ deposition, and neuropsychological profiles in individuals with no cognitive impairment (NCI), mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and AD dementia. A total of 164 participants were included, and olfactory function was assessed using the brief smell identification test (B-SIT). Cerebral Aβ deposition was measured using [18F]-flutemetamol PET imaging (A-PET). The results show a significant group difference in olfactory function, with the highest impairment observed in the Aβ-positive MCI and AD dementia groups, and the impairment was the lowest in Aβ-negative NCI. Olfactory dysfunction was positively associated with cognitive impairments across multiple domains. Furthermore, individuals with Aβ deposition had lower olfactory function compared to those without Aβ, even within the same neuropsychological stage. The association between olfactory dysfunction and Aβ deposition was observed globally and in specific cortical regions. These findings suggest that olfactory dysfunction is associated with both cognitive function and cerebral Aβ pathology in the trajectory of AD. Olfactory deficits may serve as an additional marker for disease progression and contribute to understanding the underlying mechanisms of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Min Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, Yeouido St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Woo Kang
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoo Hyun Um
- Department of Psychiatry, St. Vincent Hospital, Suwon, Korea, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Suwon 16247, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunghwan Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Yeouido St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Uk Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Kook Lim
- Department of Psychiatry, Yeouido St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
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20
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Saetzler V, Riet T, Schienke A, Henschel P, Freitag K, Haake A, Heppner FL, Buitrago-Molina LE, Noyan F, Jaeckel E, Hardtke-Wolenski M. Development of Beta-Amyloid-Specific CAR-Tregs for the Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease. Cells 2023; 12:2115. [PMID: 37626926 PMCID: PMC10453937 DOI: 10.3390/cells12162115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease that remains uncured. Its pathogenesis is characterized by the formation of β-amyloid (Aβ) plaques. The use of antigen-specific regulatory T cells (Tregs) through adoptive transfer has shown promise for the treatment of many inflammatory diseases, although the effectiveness of polyspecific Tregs is limited. Obtaining a sufficient number of antigen-specific Tregs from patients remains challenging. AIMS AND METHODS To address this problem, we used an antibody-like single-chain variable fragment from a phage library and subsequently generated a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) targeting β-amyloid. RESULTS The β-amyloid-specific CARs obtained were stimulated by both recombinant and membrane-bound Aβ isolated from the murine brain. The generated CAR-Tregs showed a normal Treg phenotype, were antigen-specific activatable, and had suppressive capacity. CONCLUSION This study highlights the potential of CAR technology to generate antigen-specific Tregs and presents novel approaches for developing functional CARs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerie Saetzler
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Infectious Diseases & Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; (V.S.); (T.R.); (A.S.); (P.H.); (L.E.B.-M.); (F.N.); (E.J.)
| | - Tobias Riet
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Infectious Diseases & Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; (V.S.); (T.R.); (A.S.); (P.H.); (L.E.B.-M.); (F.N.); (E.J.)
- Department I of Internal Medicine, Tumor Genetics, University Hospital of Cologne and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Andrea Schienke
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Infectious Diseases & Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; (V.S.); (T.R.); (A.S.); (P.H.); (L.E.B.-M.); (F.N.); (E.J.)
| | - Pierre Henschel
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Infectious Diseases & Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; (V.S.); (T.R.); (A.S.); (P.H.); (L.E.B.-M.); (F.N.); (E.J.)
| | - Kiara Freitag
- Department of Neuropathology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany; (K.F.); (A.H.); (F.L.H.)
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) within the Helmholtz Association, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Alexander Haake
- Department of Neuropathology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany; (K.F.); (A.H.); (F.L.H.)
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) within the Helmholtz Association, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Frank L. Heppner
- Department of Neuropathology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany; (K.F.); (A.H.); (F.L.H.)
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) within the Helmholtz Association, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Laura Elisa Buitrago-Molina
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Infectious Diseases & Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; (V.S.); (T.R.); (A.S.); (P.H.); (L.E.B.-M.); (F.N.); (E.J.)
| | - Fatih Noyan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Infectious Diseases & Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; (V.S.); (T.R.); (A.S.); (P.H.); (L.E.B.-M.); (F.N.); (E.J.)
| | - Elmar Jaeckel
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Infectious Diseases & Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; (V.S.); (T.R.); (A.S.); (P.H.); (L.E.B.-M.); (F.N.); (E.J.)
- Department of Liver Transplantation, Multi Organ Transplant Program, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 0S8, Canada
| | - Matthias Hardtke-Wolenski
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Infectious Diseases & Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; (V.S.); (T.R.); (A.S.); (P.H.); (L.E.B.-M.); (F.N.); (E.J.)
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
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21
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Libard S, Alafuzoff I. Is islet amyloid polypeptide indeed expressed in the human brain? Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 2023; 49:e12917. [PMID: 37317631 DOI: 10.1111/nan.12917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
AIMS This study aims to study the association between pancreatic islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP) and Alzheimer's disease neuropathological change (ADNC) in brain biopsies obtained from subjects with idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH) and in post-mortem (PM) brain samples obtained from aged individuals. METHODS For the immunohistochemical (IHC) analyses, two IAPP antibodies (Abs), monoclonal and polyclonal, and Abs directed towards ADNC were applied. RESULTS The iNPH cohort included 113 subjects. Amyloid-β (Aβ) was detected in 50% and hyperphosphorylated τ (HPτ) in 47% of the cases. Concomitant pathology was seen in 32%. The PM cohort included 77 subjects. Aβ was detected in 69% and HPτ in 91% of the cases. Combined Aβ/HPτ pathology was seen in 62%. Reactivity for the monoclonal IAPP was not detected in the brain tissue in either of the cohorts. Reactivity for the polyclonal IAPP was observed in all 77 PM brain samples. CONCLUSIONS There was no specific expression of IAPP in human brain tissue; hence, an association between IAPP and ADNC is not assessable. Of note, the observed reactivity of the polyclonal IAPP Ab was not reproduced with a specific monoclonal Ab; thus, we considered the observed staining with the polyclonal Ab to be unreliable. When using IHC, several pitfalls, especially the choice of an Ab, always need to be considered. Polyclonal Abs cross-react with other epitopes and proteins, thus leading to false-positive results. This seems to be the case for the polyclonal IAPP Abs in the human brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylwia Libard
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Pathology, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Irina Alafuzoff
- Department of Pathology, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
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22
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Wang SM, Kang DW, Um YH, Kim S, Kim REY, Kim D, Lee CU, Lim HK. Cognitive Normal Older Adults with APOE-2 Allele Show a Distinctive Functional Connectivity Pattern in Response to Cerebral Aβ Deposition. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11250. [PMID: 37511008 PMCID: PMC10380008 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The ε2 allele of apolipoprotein E (ε2) has neuroprotective effects against beta-amyloid (Aβ) pathology in Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, its impact on the functional connectivity and hub efficiency in cognitively normal older adults (CN) with ε2 is unclear. We investigated the functional connectivity differences in the default mode network (DMN), salience network, and central executive network (CEN) between A-PET-negative (N = 29) and A-PET-positive (N = 15) CNs with ε2/ε2 or ε2/ε3 genotypes. The A-PET-positive CNs exhibited a lower anterior DMN functional connectivity, higher posterior DMN functional connectivity, and increased CEN functional connectivity compared to the A-PET-negative CNs. Cerebral Aβ retention was negatively correlated with anterior DMN functional connectivity and positively correlated with posterior DMN and anterior CEN functional connectivity. A graph theory analysis showed that the A-PET-positive CNs displayed a higher betweenness centrality in the middle frontal gyrus (left) and medial fronto-parietal regions (left). The betweenness centrality in the middle frontal gyrus (left) was positively correlated with Aβ retention. Our findings reveal a reversed anterior-posterior dissociation in the DMN functional connectivity and heightened CEN functional connectivity in A-PET-positive CNs with ε2. Hub efficiencies, measured by betweenness centrality, were increased in the DMN and CEN of the A-PET-positive CNs with ε2. These results suggest unique functional connectivity responses to Aβ pathology in CN individuals with ε2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Min Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, Yeouido St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Woo Kang
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoo Hyun Um
- Department of Psychiatry, St. Vincent's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunghwan Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Yeouido St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Regina E Y Kim
- Research Institute, Neurophet Inc., Seoul 08380, Republic of Korea
| | - Donghyeon Kim
- Research Institute, Neurophet Inc., Seoul 08380, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Uk Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Kook Lim
- Department of Psychiatry, Yeouido St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
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23
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Choudhury N, Chen L, Al-Harthi L, Hu XT. Hyperactivity of medial prefrontal cortex pyramidal neurons occurs in a mouse model of early-stage Alzheimer's disease without β-amyloid accumulation. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1194869. [PMID: 37465526 PMCID: PMC10350500 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1194869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The normal function of the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) is essential for regulating neurocognition, but it is disrupted in the early stages of Alzheimer's disease (AD) before the accumulation of Aβ and the appearance of symptoms. Despite this, little is known about how the functional activity of medial prefrontal cortex pyramidal neurons changes as Alzheimer's disease progresses during aging. We used electrophysiological techniques (patch-clamping) to assess the functional activity of medial prefrontal cortex pyramidal neurons in the brain of 3xTg-Alzheimer's disease mice modeling early-stage Alzheimer's disease without Aβ accumulation. Our results indicate that firing rate and the frequency of spontaneous excitatory postsynaptic currents (sEPSCs) were significantly increased in medial prefrontal cortex neurons from young Alzheimer's disease mice (4-5-month, equivalent of <30-year-old humans) compared to age-matched control mice. Blocking ionotropic glutamatergic NMDA receptors, which regulate neuronal excitability and Ca2+ homeostasis, abolished this neuronal hyperactivity. There were no changes in Ca2+ influx through the voltage-gated Ca2+ channels (VGCCs) or inhibitory postsynaptic activity in medial prefrontal cortex neurons from young Alzheimer's disease mice compared to controls. Additionally, acute exposure to Aβ42 potentiated medial prefrontal cortex neuronal hyperactivity in young Alzheimer's disease mice but had no effects on controls. These findings indicate that the hyperactivity of medial prefrontal cortex pyramidal neurons at early-stage Alzheimer's disease is induced by an abnormal increase in presynaptic glutamate release and postsynaptic NMDA receptor activity, which initiates neuronal Ca2+ dyshomeostasis. Additionally, because accumulated Aβ forms unconventional but functional Ca2+ channels in medial prefrontal cortex neurons in the late stage of Alzheimer's disease, our study also suggests an exacerbated Ca2+ dyshomeostasis in medial prefrontal cortex pyramidal neurons following overactivation of such VGCCs.
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24
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Silwane B, Wilson M, Kataky R. An Electrochemistry and Computational Study at an Electrified Liquid-Liquid Interface for Studying Beta-Amyloid Aggregation. Membranes (Basel) 2023; 13:584. [PMID: 37367788 DOI: 10.3390/membranes13060584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Amphiphilic peptides, such as Aß amyloids, can adsorb at an interface between two immiscible electrolyte solutions (ITIES). Based on previous work (vide infra), a hydrophilic/hydrophobic interface is used as a simple biomimetic system for studying drug interactions. The ITIES provides a 2D interface to study ion-transfer processes associated with aggregation, as a function of Galvani potential difference. Here, the aggregation/complexation behaviour of Aβ(1-42) is studied in the presence of Cu (II) ions, together with the effect of a multifunctional peptidomimetic inhibitor (P6). Cyclic and differential pulse voltammetry proved to be particularly sensitive to the detection of the complexation and aggregation of Aβ(1-42), enabling estimations of changes in lipophilicity upon binding to Cu (II) and P6. At a 1:1 ratio of Cu (II):Aβ(1-42), fresh samples showed a single DPV (Differential Pulse Voltammetry) peak half wave transfer potential (E1/2) at 0.40 V. Upon increasing the ratio of Cu (II) two-fold, fluctuations were observed in the DPVs, indicating aggregation. The approximate stoichiometry and binding properties of Aβ(1-42) during complexation with Cu (II) were determined by performing a differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) standard addition method, which showed two binding regimes. A pKa of 8.1 was estimated, with a Cu:Aβ1-42 ratio~1:1.7. Studies using molecular dynamics simulations of peptides at the ITIES show that Aβ(1-42) strands interact through the formation of β-sheet stabilised structures. In the absence of copper, binding/unbinding is dynamic, and interactions are relatively weak, leading to the observation of parallel and anti-parallel arrangements of β-sheet stabilised aggregates. In the presence of copper ions, strong binding occurs between a copper ion and histidine residues on two peptides. This provides a convenient geometry for inducing favourable interactions between folded β-sheet structures. Circular Dichroism spectroscopy (CD spectroscopy) was used to support the aggregation behaviour of the Aβ(1-42) peptides following the addition of Cu (II) and P6 to the aqueous phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bongiwe Silwane
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
| | - Mark Wilson
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
| | - Ritu Kataky
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
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25
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Lin Q, Shahid S, Hone‐Blanchet A, Huang S, Wu J, Bisht A, Loring D, Goldstein F, Levey A, Crosson B, Lah J, Qiu D. Magnetic resonance evidence of increased iron content in subcortical brain regions in asymptomatic Alzheimer's disease. Hum Brain Mapp 2023; 44:3072-3083. [PMID: 36929676 PMCID: PMC10171513 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.26263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
While iron over-accumulation has been reported in late stage Alzheimer's disease (AD), whether this occurs early in the asymptomatic stage of AD remains unknown. We aimed to assess brain iron levels in asymptomatic AD using quantitative MR relaxometry of effective transverse relaxation rate (R2*) and longitudinal relaxation rate (R1), and recruited 118 participants comprised of three groups including healthy young participants, and cognitively normal older individuals without or with positive AD biomarkers based on cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) proteomics analysis. Compared with the healthy young group, increased R2* was found in widespread cortical and subcortical regions in the older groups. Further, significantly higher levels of R2* were found in the cognitively normal older subjects with positive CSF AD biomarker (i.e., asymptomatic AD) compared with those with negative AD biomarker in subcortical regions including the left and right caudate, left and right putamen, and left and right globus pallidus (p < .05 for all regions), suggesting increased iron content in these regions. Subcortical R2* of some regions was found to significantly correlate with CSF AD biomarkers and neuropsychological assessments of visuospatial functions. In conclusion, R2* could be a valuable biomarker for studying early pathophysiological changes in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qixiang Lin
- Department of Neurology, School of MedicineEmory UniversityAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
| | - Salman Shahid
- Department of Neurology, School of MedicineEmory UniversityAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
| | | | - Shuai Huang
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, School of MedicineEmory UniversityAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
| | - Junjie Wu
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, School of MedicineEmory UniversityAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
| | - Aditya Bisht
- Department of Neurology, School of MedicineEmory UniversityAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
| | - David Loring
- Department of Neurology, School of MedicineEmory UniversityAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
| | - Felicia Goldstein
- Department of Neurology, School of MedicineEmory UniversityAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
- Goizueta Alzheimer's Disease Research CenterEmory UniversityAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
| | - Allan Levey
- Department of Neurology, School of MedicineEmory UniversityAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
- Goizueta Alzheimer's Disease Research CenterEmory UniversityAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
| | - Bruce Crosson
- Department of Neurology, School of MedicineEmory UniversityAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, School of MedicineEmory UniversityAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
| | - James Lah
- Department of Neurology, School of MedicineEmory UniversityAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
- Goizueta Alzheimer's Disease Research CenterEmory UniversityAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
| | - Deqiang Qiu
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, School of MedicineEmory UniversityAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
- Goizueta Alzheimer's Disease Research CenterEmory UniversityAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
- Joint Department of Biomedical EngineeringEmory University and Georgia Institute of TechnologyAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
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26
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Xu Lou I, Chen J, Ali K, Shaikh AL, Chen Q. Mapping new pharmacological interventions for cognitive function in Alzheimer's disease: a systematic review of randomized clinical trials. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1190604. [PMID: 37332343 PMCID: PMC10270324 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1190604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Objective: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder, that is, characterized by cognitive decline. To date, there are no effective treatments for AD. Therefore, the objective of this study was to map new perspectives on the effects of pharmacological treatment on cognitive function and the overall psychological state in patients with AD. Methods: Two independent researchers searched for randomized clinical trials (RCTs) exploring new pharmacological approaches related to cognition in Alzheimer's disease in adults from 2018 to 2023 in PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Cochrane Library databases. A total of 17 RCTs were included in this review. Results: The results show that in recent years, new drugs have been tested in patients with Alzheimer's disease, including masitinib, methylphenidate, levetiracetam, Jiannao Yizhi, and Huannao Yicong formulas. Most studies have been conducted in populations with mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease. Conclusion: Although some of the drugs found suggested improvement in cognitive function, the scarcity of available studies highlights the need for further research in this area. Systematic review registration: [www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero], identifier [CRD42023409986].
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Affiliation(s)
- Inmaculada Xu Lou
- International Education College of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Cardiology, Hangzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiayue Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Hangzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Hangzhou Clinical Medical College Internal Medicine of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kamran Ali
- Department of Oncology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, International Institutes of Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, China
| | - Abdul Lateef Shaikh
- Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qilan Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Hangzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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27
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Koutarapu S, Ge J, Jha D, Blennow K, Zetterberg H, Lashley T, Michno W, Hanrieder J. Correlative Chemical Imaging Identifies Amyloid Peptide Signatures of Neuritic Plaques and Dystrophy in Human Sporadic Alzheimer's Disease. Brain Connect 2023; 13:297-306. [PMID: 36074939 PMCID: PMC10398722 DOI: 10.1089/brain.2022.0047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disease. The predominantly sporadic form of AD is age-related, but the underlying pathogenic mechanisms remain not fully understood. Current efforts to combat the disease focus on the main pathological hallmarks, in particular beta-amyloid (Aβ) plaque pathology. According to the amyloid cascade hypothesis, Aβ is the critical early initiator of AD pathogenesis. Plaque pathology is very heterogeneous, where a subset of plaques, neuritic plaques (NPs), are considered most neurotoxic rendering their in-depth characterization essential to understand Aβ pathogenicity. Methods: To delineate the chemical traits specific to NP types, we investigated senile Aβ pathology in the postmortem, human sporadic AD brain using advanced correlative biochemical imaging based on immunofluorescence (IF) microscopy and mass spectrometry imaging (MSI). Results: Immunostaining-guided MSI identified distinct Aβ signatures of NPs characterized by increased Aβ1-42(ox) and Aβ2-42. Moreover, correlation with a marker of dystrophy (reticulon 3 [RTN3]) identified key Aβ species that both delineate NPs and display association with neuritic dystrophy. Conclusion: Together, these correlative imaging data shed light on the complex biochemical architecture of NPs and associated dystrophic neurites. These in turn are obvious targets for disease-modifying treatment strategies, as well as novel biomarkers of Aβ pathogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srinivas Koutarapu
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Junyue Ge
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Durga Jha
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- UK Dementia Research Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Hong Kong Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hong Kong, China
| | - Tammaryn Lashley
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Queen Square Brain Bank for Neurological Disorders, Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Wojciech Michno
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California, USA
| | - Jörg Hanrieder
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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28
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Snellman A, Ekblad LL, Ashton NJ, Karikari TK, Lantero-Rodriguez J, Pietilä E, Koivumäki M, Helin S, Karrasch M, Zetterberg H, Blennow K, Rinne JO. Head-to-head comparison of plasma p-tau181, p-tau231 and glial fibrillary acidic protein in clinically unimpaired elderly with three levels of APOE4-related risk for Alzheimer's disease. Neurobiol Dis 2023:106175. [PMID: 37268240 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2023.106175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Plasma phosphorylated tau (p-tau) and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) both reflect early changes in Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology. Here, we compared the biomarker levels and their association with regional β-amyloid (Aβ) pathology and cognitive performance head-to-head in clinically unimpaired elderly (n = 88) at three levels of APOE4-related genetic risk for sporadic AD (APOE4/4 n = 19, APOE3/4 n = 32 or non-carriers n = 37). Concentrations of plasma p-tau181, p-tau231 and GFAP were measured using Single molecule array (Simoa), regional Aβ deposition with 11C-PiB positron emission tomography (PET), and cognitive performance with a preclinical composite. Significant differences in plasma p-tau181 and p-tau231, but not plasma GFAP concentrations were present between the APOE4 gene doses, explained solely by brain Aβ load. All plasma biomarkers correlated positively with Aβ PET in the total study population. This correlation was driven by APOE3/3 carriers for plasma p-tau markers and APOE4/4 carriers for plasma GFAP. Voxel-wise associations with amyloid-PET revealed different spatial patterns for plasma p-tau markers and plasma GFAP. Only higher plasma GFAP correlated with lower cognitive scores. Our observations suggest that plasma p-tau and plasma GFAP are both early AD markers reflecting different Aβ-related processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anniina Snellman
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience & Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden.
| | - Laura L Ekblad
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Nicholas J Ashton
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience & Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden; Centre for Age-Related Medicine, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway; Department of Old Age Psychiatry, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, King's College London, London, UK; NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health & Biomedical Research Unit for Dementia at South London & Maudsley NHS Foundation, London, UK
| | - Thomas K Karikari
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience & Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden; Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Juan Lantero-Rodriguez
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience & Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Elina Pietilä
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Mikko Koivumäki
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Semi Helin
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Mira Karrasch
- Department of Psychology, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience & Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden; Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden; UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, London, UK; Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, UK; Hong Kong Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hong Kong, China; Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53792, USA
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience & Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden; Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Juha O Rinne
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland; InFLAMES Research Flagship Center, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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29
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Panayi N, Schulz P, He P, Hanna B, Lifshitz J, Rowe R, Sierks MR. Traumatic brain injury in mice generates early-stage Alzheimer's disease related protein pathology that correlates with neurobehavioral deficits. Res Sq 2023:rs.3.rs-2865501. [PMID: 37205508 PMCID: PMC10187431 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-2865501/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) increases the long-term risk of neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD). Here, we demonstrate that protein variant pathology generated in brain tissue of an experimental TBI mouse model is similar to protein variant pathology observed in human ADbrains, and that subacute accumulation of two AD associated variants of amyloid beta (Aβ) and tau in the TBI mouse model correlated with behavioral deficits. Male C57BL/6 mice were subjected to midline fluid percussion injury or to sham injury, after which sensorimotor function (rotarod, neurological severity score), cognitive deficit (novel object recognition), and affective deficits (elevated plus maze, forced swim task) were assessed at different days post-injury (DPI). Protein pathology at 7, 14, and 28 DPI was measured in multiple brain regions using an immunostain panel of reagents selectively targeting different neurodegenerative disease-related variants of Aβ, tau, TDP-43, and alpha-synuclein. Overall, TBI resulted in sensorimotor deficits and accumulation of AD-related protein variant pathology near the impact site, both of which returned to sham levels by 14 DPI. Individual mice, however, showed persistent behavioral deficits and/or accumulation of selected toxic protein variants at 28 DPI. Behavioral outcomes of each mouse were correlated with levels of seven different protein variants in ten brain regions at specific DPI. Out of 21 significant correlations between protein variant levels and behavioral deficits, 18 were with variants of Aβ or tau. Correlations at 28 DPI were all between a single Aβ or tau variant, both of which are strongly associated with human AD cases. These data provide a direct mechanistic link between protein pathology resulting from TBI and the hallmarks of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Jonathan Lifshitz
- University of Arizona College of Pharmacy: The University of Arizona College of Medicine Phoenix
| | - Rachel Rowe
- University of Colorado at Boulder: University of Colorado Boulder
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Badimon A, Torrente D, Norris EH. Vascular Dysfunction in Alzheimer's Disease: Alterations in the Plasma Contact and Fibrinolytic Systems. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:7046. [PMID: 37108211 PMCID: PMC10138543 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disease, affecting millions of people worldwide. The classical hallmarks of AD include extracellular beta-amyloid (Aβ) plaques and neurofibrillary tau tangles, although they are often accompanied by various vascular defects. These changes include damage to the vasculature, a decrease in cerebral blood flow, and accumulation of Aβ along vessels, among others. Vascular dysfunction begins early in disease pathogenesis and may contribute to disease progression and cognitive dysfunction. In addition, patients with AD exhibit alterations in the plasma contact system and the fibrinolytic system, two pathways in the blood that regulate clotting and inflammation. Here, we explain the clinical manifestations of vascular deficits in AD. Further, we describe how changes in plasma contact activation and the fibrinolytic system may contribute to vascular dysfunction, inflammation, coagulation, and cognitive impairment in AD. Given this evidence, we propose novel therapies that may, alone or in combination, ameliorate AD progression in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Erin H. Norris
- Patricia and John Rosenwald Laboratory of Neurobiology and Genetics, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
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Ganapathy AA, Haripriya VM, Acharya N, Somappa SB, Kumaran A. Ethnobotanical significance of medicinal plants: Beta-amyloid and tau aggregation inhibitors against Alzheimer's disease. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2023:e23339. [PMID: 37009720 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.23339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2023]
Abstract
Among the various neurodegenerative disorders, Alzheimer's disease (AD) is identified as one of primary causes of dementia in the elderly, which progresses slowly leading to cognitive decline and ability to function independently. Although various pathological mechanisms have been proposed, the exact mechanism is not yet elucidated. Numerous processes such as old age, mitochondrial dysfunction, and genetics lead to the aggregation of beta-amyloid (Aβ) as amyloid plaques and tau proteins as neurofibrillary tangles in the neurons leading to their death and destruction, finally leading to AD. The current treatment measures can only temporarily improve the symptoms, slowing cognitive decline without any effect on AD pathology for better therapeutic effect. Furthermore, the high failure rates of a number of drugs during clinical trials due to their side effects has led the researchers to focus on alternative sources for drug development. As natural ingredients were considered the primary line of treatment in the olden days, and as several medicinal plant products are also proven as effective AD targets, it will be wise to investigate those with significant ethnobotanical value as potential neuroprotectives, nootropics or memory boosters. Throughout the study, propanoids, glycosides, iridoids, carotenoids and flavonoids that show potential anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-cholinesterase were also found to be inhibitors of Aβ and tau aggregation, where Saikosaponin C, Fisetin, and Morin can act as dual inhibitors. The review provides an insight in the need for proper and complete scientific evaluation of these ethnobotanically useful medicinal plants to be identified as potential leads in AD therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Anand Ganapathy
- Division of Chemical Sciences and Technology, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Vijayakumari M Haripriya
- Division of Chemical Sciences and Technology, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Niyati Acharya
- Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Sasidhar B Somappa
- Division of Chemical Sciences and Technology, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Alaganandam Kumaran
- Division of Chemical Sciences and Technology, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
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Li JQ, Song JH, Suckling J, Wang YJ, Zuo CT, Zhang C, Gao J, Song YQ, Xie AM, Tan L, Yu JT. Disease trajectories in elders with suspected non-Alzheimer's pathophysiology and its comparison with Alzheimer's disease pathophysiology: a longitudinal study. Res Sq 2023:rs.3.rs-2744271. [PMID: 37034751 PMCID: PMC10081361 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-2744271/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
Background According to the new 'AT(N)' system, those with a normal amyloid biomarker but with abnormal tauopathy or biomarkers of neurodegeneration or neuronal injury, have been labeled suspected non-Alzheimer's pathophysiology (SNAP). We aimed to estimate the long-term clinical and cognitive trajectories of SNAP individuals in non-demented elders and its comparison with individual in the Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathophysiology using 'AT(N)' system. Methods We included individuals with available baseline cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) Aβ (A), CSF phosphorylated tau examination (T) and 18F-uorodeoxyglucose PET or volumetric magnetic resonance imaging (N) from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative database. Longitudinal change in clinical outcomes are assessed using linear mixed effects models. Conversion risk from cognitively normal (CN) to cognitively impairment, and conversion from mild cognitive impairment (MCI) to dementia are assessed using multivariate Cox proportional hazard models. Results Totally, 366 SNAP individuals were included (114 A-T-N-, 154 A-T + N-, 54 A-T-N + and 44 A-T + N+) of whom 178 were CN and 188 were MCI. Compared with A-T-N-, CN elders with A-T + N-, A-T-N + and A-T + N + had a faster rate of ADNI-MEM score decline. Moreover, CN older individuals with A-T + N + also had a faster rate of decline in ADNI-MEM score than those with A-T + N- individuals. MCI patients with A-T + N + had a faster rate of ADNI-MEM and ADNI-EF decline and hippocampal volume loss compared with A-T-N- and A-T + N- profiles. CN older individuals with A-T + N + had an increased risk of conversion to cognitive impairment (CDR-GS ≥ 0.5) compared with A-T + N- and A-T-N-. In MCI patients, A-T + N + also had an increased risk of conversion to dementia compared with A-T + N- and A-T-N-. Compared with A-T + N-, CN elders and MCI patients with A + T + N- and A + T + N + had a faster rate of ADNI-MEM score, ADNI-EF score decline, and hippocampal volume loss. CN individuals with A + T + N + had a faster rate of ADNI-EF score decline compare with A-T + N + individuals. Moreover, MCI patients with A + T + N + also had a faster rate of decline in ADNI-MEM score, ADNI-EF score and hippocampal volume loss than those with A-T + N + individuals. Conclusions The findings from clinical, imaging and biomarker studies on SNAP, and its comparison with AD pathophysiology offered an important foundation for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Can Zhang
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School
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Solas M, Vela S, Smerdou C, Martisova E, Martínez-Valbuena I, Luquin MR, Ramírez MJ. JNK Activation in Alzheimer's Disease Is Driven by Amyloid β and Is Associated with Tau Pathology. ACS Chem Neurosci 2023. [PMID: 36976903 PMCID: PMC10119940 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.3c00093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
c-Jun N-terminal kinase 3 (JNK3) is suggested to play a key role in neurodegenerative disorders, especially in Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, it remains unclear whether JNK or amyloid β (Aβ) appears first in the disease onset. Postmortem brain tissues from four dementia subtypes of patients (frontotemporal dementia, Lewy body dementia, vascular dementia, and AD) were used to measure activated JNK (pJNK) and Aβ levels. pJNK expression is significantly increased in AD; however, similar pJNK expression was found in other dementias. Furthermore, there was a significant correlation, co-localization, and direct interaction between pJNK expression and Aβ levels in AD. Significant increased levels of pJNK were also found in Tg2576 mice, a model of AD. In this line, Aβ42 intracerebroventricular injection in wild-type mice was able to induce a significant elevation of pJNK levels. JNK3 overexpression, achieved by intrahippocampal injection of an adeno-associated viral vector expressing this protein, was enough to induce cognitive deficiencies and precipitate Tau aberrant misfolding in Tg2576 mice without accelerating amyloid pathology. JNK3 overexpression may therefore be triggered by increased Aβ. The latter, together with subsequent involvement of Tau pathology, may be underlying cognitive alterations in early stages of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maite Solas
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- IdISNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Silvia Vela
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Cristian Smerdou
- IdISNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Division of Gene Therapy and Regulation of Gene Expression, Cima Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Eva Martisova
- Division of Gene Therapy and Regulation of Gene Expression, Cima Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Iván Martínez-Valbuena
- IdISNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Neurosciences Division, Cima Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - María-Rosario Luquin
- IdISNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Neurosciences Division, Cima Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Neurology Department, Clinica Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - María J Ramírez
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- IdISNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
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Agarwal P, Leurgans SE, Agrawal S, Aggarwal N, Cherian LJ, James BD, Dhana K, Barnes LL, Bennett DA, Schneider JA. Association of Mediterranean-DASH Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay and Mediterranean Diets With Alzheimer Disease Pathology. Neurology 2023; 100:e2259-e2268. [PMID: 36889921 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000207176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/10/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Diet may reduce Alzheimer's dementia risk and slow cognitive decline, but the understanding of the relevant neuropathologic mechanisms remains limited. The association of dietary patterns with Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology has been suggested using neuroimaging biomarkers. This study examined the association of MIND and Mediterranean dietary patterns with beta-amyloid load, phosphorylated tau tangles, and global AD pathology in postmortem brain tissue of older adults. METHODS Autopsied participants of the Rush Memory and Aging Project) with complete dietary information (collected through a validated food frequency questionnaire) and AD pathology data (beta-amyloid load, phosphorylated tau tangles, and global AD pathology [summarized neurofibrillary tangles, neuritic and diffuse plaques]) were included in this study. Linear regression models controlled for age at death, sex, education, APO-ε4 status, and total calories were used to investigate the dietary patterns (MIND and Mediterranean diet) and dietary components associated with AD pathology. Further effect modification was tested for APO-ε4 status and sex. RESULTS Among our study participants (N=581, age at death: 91.0 ± 6.3 years; mean age at first dietary assessment: 84.2 ±5.8; 73% female; 6.8 ± 3.9 years of follow-up) dietary patterns were associated with lower global AD pathology (MIND: β= -0.022, p=0.034, standardized β=-2.0; Mediterranean: β=-0.007, p=0.039, standardized β=-2.3) and specifically less beta-amyloid load (MIND: β=-0.068, p=0.050, standardized β=-2.0; Mediterranean: β=-0.040, p=0.004, standardized β=-2.9). The findings persisted when further adjusted for physical activity, smoking, and vascular disease burden. The associations were also retained when participants with mild cognitive impairment or dementia at the baseline dietary assessment were excluded. Those in the highest tertile of green leafy vegetables intake had less global AD pathology when compared to those in the lowest tertile (Tertile-3 vs. Tertile-1: β= -0.115, p=0.0038). CONCLUSION The MIND and Mediterranean diets are associated with less postmortem AD pathology, primarily beta-amyloid load. Among dietary components, green leafy vegetables inversely correlate with AD pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Puja Agarwal
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL .,Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL.,Department of Clinical Nutrition, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL
| | - Sue E Leurgans
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL.,Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL
| | - Sonal Agrawal
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL.,Department of Pathology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL
| | - Neelum Aggarwal
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL.,Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL
| | - Laurel J Cherian
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL
| | - Bryan D James
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL.,Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL
| | - Klodian Dhana
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL.,Rush Institute of Healthy Aging, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL
| | - Lisa L Barnes
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL.,Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL
| | - David A Bennett
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL.,Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL
| | - Julie A Schneider
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL.,Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL.,Department of Pathology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL
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Solé M, Marazuela P, Castellote L, Bonaterra-Pastra A, Giménez-Llort L, Hernandez-Guillamon M. Therapeutic effect of human ApoA-I-Milano variant in aged transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Br J Pharmacol 2023. [PMID: 36872299 DOI: 10.1111/bph.16065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Therapies based on apolipoprotein A-I (ApoA-I), classically tested for cardiovascular diseases, were recently proposed for Alzheimer's disease (AD). Based on a drug reprofiling approach, our objective was to explore the use of a natural variant of ApoA-I form, ApoA-I-Milano (M), as a treatment for AD. ApoA-I-M contains the R173C mutation, and confers protection against atherosclerosis development, although ApoA-I-M carriers exhibit low HDL levels. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Middle-aged (12-month-old) and aged (21-month-old) APP23 mice were intraperitoneally treated for 10 weeks with human recombinant ApoA-I-M (hrApoA-I-M) protein or saline. Pathology progression through behavioral parameters and biochemical determinations was evaluated. KEY RESULTS In middle-aged group, hrApoA-I-M treatment reduced the anxiety behavior associated with this AD model. In aged mice, hrApoA-I-M reversed T-maze performance alterations, a cognitive improvement accompanied by neuronal loss recovery in the dentate gyrus. Aged mice treated with hrApoA-I-M showed lower brain Aβ40 soluble levels and elevated Aβ40 levels in cerebrospinal fluid, without modifying insoluble brain Aβ burden. Interestingly, hrApoA-I-M sub-chronic treatment induced a molecular effect on the cerebrovasculature, increasing occludin expression and ICAM-1 presence, as well as promoting an elevation of plasma soluble RAGE in all hrApoA-I-M-treated mice, drastically decreasing the AGEs/sRAGE ratio, a marker of endothelial damage. CONCLUSION Peripheral hrApoA-I-M treatment shows a beneficial impact on working memory, involving mechanisms related with brain Aβ mobilization and modulation of the levels of cerebrovascular markers. IMPLICATIONS Our study shows the potential therapeutic applicability of a safe and noninvasive treatment based on peripheral administration of hrApoA-I-M in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Montse Solé
- Neurovascular Research Laboratory, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Neuroscience (INc), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain
| | - Paula Marazuela
- Neurovascular Research Laboratory, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Castellote
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Clinical Laboratories, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Bonaterra-Pastra
- Neurovascular Research Laboratory, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lydia Giménez-Llort
- Translational Behavioral Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, Institute of Neuroscience (INc), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mar Hernandez-Guillamon
- Neurovascular Research Laboratory, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona, Spain
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Fagiani F, Fulop T, Govoni S, Lanni C. The Fuzzy Border between the Functional and Dysfunctional Effects of Beta-Amyloid: A Synaptocentric View of Neuron-Glia Entanglement. Biomedicines 2023; 11. [PMID: 36831020 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11020484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent observations from clinical trials using monoclonal antibodies against Aβ seem to suggest that Aβ-targeting is modestly effective and not sufficiently based on an effective challenge of the role of Aβ from physiological to pathological. After an accelerated approval procedure for aducanumab, and more recently lecanemab, their efficacy and safety remain to be fully defined despite previous attempts with various monoclonal antibodies, and both academic institutions and pharmaceutical companies are actively searching for novel treatments. Aβ needs to be clarified further in a more complicated context, taking into account both its accumulation and its biological functions during the course of the disease. In this review, we discuss the border between activities affecting early, potentially reversible dysfunctions of the synapse and events trespassing the threshold of inflammatory, self-sustaining glial activation, leading to irreversible damage. We detail a clear understanding of the biological mechanisms underlying the derangement from function to dysfunction and the switch of the of Aβ role from physiological to pathological. A picture is emerging where the optimal therapeutic strategy against AD should involve a number of allied molecular processes, displaying efficacy not only in reducing the well-known AD pathogenesis players, such as Aβ or neuroinflammation, but also in preventing their adverse effects.
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Domínguez-Fernández C, Egiguren-Ortiz J, Razquin J, Gómez-Galán M, De Las Heras-García L, Paredes-Rodríguez E, Astigarraga E, Miguélez C, Barreda-Gómez G. Review of Technological Challenges in Personalised Medicine and Early Diagnosis of Neurodegenerative Disorders. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24. [PMID: 36834733 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disorders are characterised by progressive neuron loss in specific brain areas. The most common are Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease; in both cases, diagnosis is based on clinical tests with limited capability to discriminate between similar neurodegenerative disorders and detect the early stages of the disease. It is common that by the time a patient is diagnosed with the disease, the level of neurodegeneration is already severe. Thus, it is critical to find new diagnostic methods that allow earlier and more accurate disease detection. This study reviews the methods available for the clinical diagnosis of neurodegenerative diseases and potentially interesting new technologies. Neuroimaging techniques are the most widely used in clinical practice, and new techniques such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and positron emission tomography (PET) have significantly improved the diagnosis quality. Identifying biomarkers in peripheral samples such as blood or cerebrospinal fluid is a major focus of the current research on neurodegenerative diseases. The discovery of good markers could allow preventive screening to identify early or asymptomatic stages of the neurodegenerative process. These methods, in combination with artificial intelligence, could contribute to the generation of predictive models that will help clinicians in the early diagnosis, stratification, and prognostic assessment of patients, leading to improvements in patient treatment and quality of life.
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Vitek GE, Decourt B, Sabbagh MN. Lecanemab (BAN2401): an anti- beta-amyloid monoclonal antibody for the treatment of Alzheimer disease. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2023; 32:89-94. [PMID: 36749830 PMCID: PMC10275297 DOI: 10.1080/13543784.2023.2178414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Nearly a dozen monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) directed against beta-amyloid (Aβ) have been developed for the treatment of Alzheimer disease (AD), and most of these mAbs are undergoing clinical trials. Newer mAbs have targeted more specific Aβ types. Lecanemab Eisai has a high affinity for large and soluble Aβ protofibrils. Data from phase 2 clinical trials have suggested the possibility of a robust efficacy signal and manageable risk of amyloid-related imaging abnormalities (ARIAs). Lecanemab is currently being studied in phase 3 trials. AREAS COVERED This article briefly reviews mAbs that target Aβ in AD and discusses the biology, mechanism of action, and targets of lecanemab. EXPERT OPINION mAbs that target Aβ are an important focus of therapeutic development for AD, with several soon to be considered for US Food and Drug Administration approval. The experience of aducanumab informs the development of other mAbs, such as lecanemab. One consideration is the conformation of Aβ targets. Targeting monomeric species has not resulted in robust clinical efficacy, whereas targeting Aβ in the form of oligomers, protofibrils, and plaques has shown evidence of slowing clinical decline. Another consideration is that mAbs will require safety monitoring for ARIAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace E Vitek
- Creighton University School of Medicine, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - Boris Decourt
- Laboratory on Neurodegeneration and Translational Research, Roseman University of Health Sciences College of Medicine, Las Vegas, Nevada
| | - Marwan N Sabbagh
- Department of Neurology, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, Arizona
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Gharbiya M, Visioli G, Trebbastoni A, Albanese GM, Colardo M, D’Antonio F, Segatto M, Lambiase A. Beta-Amyloid Peptide in Tears: An Early Diagnostic Marker of Alzheimer's Disease Correlated with Choroidal Thickness. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032590. [PMID: 36768913 PMCID: PMC9917300 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
We aimed to evaluate the diagnostic role of Alzheimer's disease (AD) biomarkers in tears as well as their association with retinal and choroidal microstructures. In a cross-sectional study, 35 subjects (age 71.7 ± 6.9 years) were included: 11 with prodromal AD (MCI), 10 with mild-to-moderate AD, and 14 healthy controls. The diagnosis of AD and MCI was confirmed according to a complete neuropsychological evaluation and PET or MRI imaging. After tear sample collection, β-amyloid peptide Aβ1-42 concentration was analyzed using ELISA, whereas C-terminal fragments of the amyloid precursor protein (APP-CTF) and phosphorylated tau (p-tau) were assessed by Western blot. Retinal layers and choroidal thickness (CT) were acquired by spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT). Aβ1-42 levels in tears were able to detect both MCI and AD patients with a specificity of 93% and a sensitivity of 81% (AUC = 0.91). Tear levels of Aβ1-42 were lower, both in the MCI (p < 0.01) and in the AD group (p < 0.001) when compared to healthy controls. Further, Aβ1-42 was correlated with psychometric scores (p < 0.001) and CT (p < 0.01). CT was thinner in the affected patients (p = 0.035). No differences were observed for APP-CTF and p-tau relative abundance in tears. Testing Aβ1-42 levels in tears seems to be a minimally invasive, cost-saving method for early detection and diagnosis of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magda Gharbiya
- Department of Sense Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, 155, Viale del Policlinico, 00161 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-06-49975389; Fax: +39-06-49975388
| | - Giacomo Visioli
- Department of Sense Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, 155, Viale del Policlinico, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | | | - Giuseppe Maria Albanese
- Department of Sense Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, 155, Viale del Policlinico, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Mayra Colardo
- Department of Biosciences and Territory, University of Molise, 86100 Campobasso, Italy
| | - Fabrizia D’Antonio
- Department of Human Neurosciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Segatto
- Department of Biosciences and Territory, University of Molise, 86100 Campobasso, Italy
| | - Alessandro Lambiase
- Department of Sense Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, 155, Viale del Policlinico, 00161 Rome, Italy
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Yeo JY, Lee S, Ko MS, Lee CH, Choi JY, Hwang KW, Park SY. Anti-Amyloidogenic Effects of Metasequoia glyptostroboides Fruits and Its Active Constituents. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28031017. [PMID: 36770688 PMCID: PMC9921889 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28031017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a serious neurodegenerative brain disease that interferes with daily life. The accumulation of beta-amyloid (Aβ), along with oxidative stress-inducing neurocellular apoptosis, has been considered one of the causes of AD. Thus, the purpose of this study is to find natural products that can reduce Aβ accumulation. The ethanol extract of Metasequoia glyptostroboides Hu & Cheng fruits (Cupressaceae) significantly reduced the aggregation of Aβ into oligomers and fibrils determined by Thioflavin T (ThT) assay. The solvent-partitioned ethyl acetate layer was further separated based on the bioassay-guided isolation method combined with the ThT assay. As a result, five compounds were isolated and elucidated as taxoquinone (1), sugiol (2), suginal (3), sandaracopimarinol (4), and sandaracopimaradien-19-ol (5) by comparing NMR data with references. All the compounds significantly reduced the aggregation of Aβ and enhanced the disaggregation of pre-formed Aβ aggregates in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, the inhibition of Aβ aggregation by the compounds protected PC12 cells from Aβ aggregate-induced toxicity. Among the five compounds, sandaracopimarinol (4) and sandaracopimaradien-19-ol (5) were the most effective. These results suggest that M. glyptostroboides and isolated five compounds have a potential for further study to be developed as anti-AD agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Yun Yeo
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Dankook University, 119, Dandae-ro, Dongnam-gu, Cheonan-si 31116, Republic of Korea
| | - Seul Lee
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Dankook University, 119, Dandae-ro, Dongnam-gu, Cheonan-si 31116, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Sung Ko
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Dankook University, 119, Dandae-ro, Dongnam-gu, Cheonan-si 31116, Republic of Korea
| | - Chung Hyun Lee
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Dankook University, 119, Dandae-ro, Dongnam-gu, Cheonan-si 31116, Republic of Korea
| | - Jee Yeon Choi
- Host Defense Modulation Laboratory, College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang Woo Hwang
- Host Defense Modulation Laboratory, College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - So-Young Park
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Dankook University, 119, Dandae-ro, Dongnam-gu, Cheonan-si 31116, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-41-550-1434; Fax: +82-41-559-7899
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Biel D, Suárez‐Calvet M, Hager P, Rubinski A, Dewenter A, Steward A, Roemer S, Ewers M, Haass C, Brendel M, Franzmeier N. sTREM2 is associated with amyloid-related p-tau increases and glucose hypermetabolism in Alzheimer's disease. EMBO Mol Med 2023; 15:e16987. [PMID: 36620941 PMCID: PMC9906389 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.202216987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Microglial activation occurs early in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and previous studies reported both detrimental and protective effects of microglia on AD progression. Here, we used CSF sTREM2 to investigate disease stage-dependent drivers of microglial activation and to determine downstream consequences on AD progression. We included 402 patients with measures of earliest beta-amyloid (CSF Aβ1-42 ) and late-stage fibrillary Aβ pathology (amyloid-PET centiloid), as well as sTREM2, p-tau181 , and FDG-PET. To determine disease stage, we stratified participants into early Aβ-accumulators (Aβ CSF+/PET-; n = 70) or late Aβ-accumulators (Aβ CSF+/PET+; n = 201) plus 131 controls. In early Aβ-accumulators, higher centiloid was associated with cross-sectional/longitudinal sTREM2 and p-tau181 increases. Further, higher sTREM2 mediated the association between centiloid and cross-sectional/longitudinal p-tau181 increases and higher sTREM2 was associated with FDG-PET hypermetabolism. In late Aβ-accumulators, we found no association between centiloid and sTREM2 but a cross-sectional association between higher sTREM2, higher p-tau181 and glucose hypometabolism. Our findings suggest that a TREM2-related microglial response follows earliest Aβ fibrillization, manifests in inflammatory glucose hypermetabolism and may facilitate subsequent p-tau181 increases in earliest AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davina Biel
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), University HospitalLMU MunichMunichGermany
| | - Marc Suárez‐Calvet
- Barcelonaβeta Brain Research Center (BBRC)Pasqual Maragall FoundationBarcelonaSpain,IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute)BarcelonaSpain,Servei de NeurologiaHospital del MarBarcelonaSpain,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES)MadridSpain
| | - Paul Hager
- Institute of Radiology and Artificial Intelligence and Informatics in MedicineTU MunichMunichGermany
| | - Anna Rubinski
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), University HospitalLMU MunichMunichGermany
| | - Anna Dewenter
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), University HospitalLMU MunichMunichGermany
| | - Anna Steward
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), University HospitalLMU MunichMunichGermany
| | - Sebastian Roemer
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), University HospitalLMU MunichMunichGermany,Department of Neurology, University HospitalLMU MunichMunichGermany
| | - Michael Ewers
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), University HospitalLMU MunichMunichGermany,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE)MunichGermany
| | - Christian Haass
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE)MunichGermany,Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy)MunichGermany,Chair of Metabolic Biochemistry, Biomedical Center (BMC), Faculty of MedicineLMU MunichMunichGermany
| | - Matthias Brendel
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE)MunichGermany,Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy)MunichGermany,Department of Nuclear Medicine, University HospitalLMU MunichMunichGermany
| | - Nicolai Franzmeier
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), University HospitalLMU MunichMunichGermany,Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy)MunichGermany,Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska AcademyUniversity of GothenburgGothenburgGermany
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Barykin EP, Yanvarev DV, Strelkova MA, Valuev-Elliston VT, Varshavskaya KB, Mitkevich VA, Makarov AA. Phosphorylation and Dephosphorylation of Beta-Amyloid Peptide in Model Cell Cultures: The Role of Cellular Protein Kinases and Phosphatases. Life (Basel) 2023; 13. [PMID: 36676097 DOI: 10.3390/life13010147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Revised: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorylation of beta-amyloid peptide (Aβ) at the Ser8 residue affects its neurotoxicity, metal-dependent oligomerisation, amyloidogenicity, and other pathogenic properties. Phosphorylated Aβ (pS8-Aβ) was detected in vivo in AD model mice and in the brains of patients with AD. However, the pS8-Aβ production and the regulation of its levels have not been previously studied in detail. In this paper, immunochemical methods together with radioactive labelling were used to study the Aβ phosphorylation by intracellular and surface protein kinases of HEK293 cells and brain endothelial cells (bEnd.3). It was found that HEK293 robustly phosphorylated Aβ, likely with contribution from casein kinase 2 (CK2), whereas in bEnd.3, the activity of Aβ phosphorylation was relatively low. Further, the study showed that both HEK293 and bEnd.3 could dephosphorylate pS8-Aβ, mainly due to the activity of protein phosphatases PP1 and PP2A. The Aβ dephosphorylation efficiency in bEnd.3 was three times higher than in HEK293, which correlated with the reduced abundance of pS8-Aβ in vascular amyloid deposits of patients with AD compared to senile plaques. These data suggest an important role of CK2, PP1, and PP2A as regulators of Aβ phosphorylation, and point to the involvement of the blood-brain barrier in the control of Aβ modification levels.
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Mathew A, Balaji E V, Pai SRK, Kishore A, Pai V, Pemmireddy R, K S C. Current Drug Targets in Alzheimer's Associated Memory Impairment: A Comprehensive Review. CNS Neurol Disord Drug Targets 2023; 22:255-275. [PMID: 35366787 DOI: 10.2174/1871527321666220401124719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most prevalent form of dementia among geriatrics. It is a progressive, degenerative neurologic disorder that causes memory and cognition loss. The accumulation of amyloid fibrils and neurofibrillary tangles in the brain of AD patients is a distinguishing feature of the disease. Therefore, most of the current therapeutic goals are targeting inhibition of beta-amyloid synthesis and aggregation as well as tau phosphorylation and aggregation. There is also a loss of the cholinergic neurons in the basal forebrain, and first-generation therapeutic agents were primarily focused on compensating for this loss of neurons. However, cholinesterase inhibitors can only alleviate cognitive symptoms of AD and cannot reduce the progression of the disease. Understanding the molecular and cellular changes associated with AD pathology has advanced significantly in recent decades. The etiology of AD is complex, with a substantial portion of sporadic AD emerging from unknown reasons and a lesser proportion of early-onset familial AD (FAD) caused by a mutation in several genes, such as the amyloid precursor protein (APP), presenilin 1 (PS1), and presenilin 2 (PS2) genes. Hence, efforts are being made to discover novel strategies for these targets for AD therapy. A new generation of AChE and BChE inhibitors is currently being explored and evaluated in human clinical trials for AD symptomatic treatment. Other approaches for slowing the progression of AD include serotonergic modulation, H3 receptor antagonism, phosphodiesterase, COX-2, and MAO-B inhibition. The present review provides an insight into the possible therapeutic strategies and their molecular mechanisms, enlightening the perception of classical and future treatment approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Mathew
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka-576104, India
| | - Vignesh Balaji E
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka-576104, India
| | - Sreedhara Ranganath K Pai
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka-576104, India
| | - Anoop Kishore
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka-576104, India
| | - Vasudev Pai
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka-576104, India
| | - Ramadevi Pemmireddy
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka-576104, India
| | - Chandrashekar K S
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka-576104, India
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Shah AJ, Mohi-Ud-Din R, Sabreen S, Wani TU, Jan R, Javed MN, Mir PA, Mir RH, Masoodi MH. Clinical Biomarkers and Novel Drug Targets to Cut Gordian Knots of Alzheimer's Disease. Curr Mol Pharmacol 2023; 16:254-279. [PMID: 36056834 DOI: 10.2174/1874467215666220903095837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease (AD), the primary cause of dementia, escalating worldwide, has no proper diagnosis or effective treatment. Neuronal cell death and impairment of cognitive abilities, possibly triggered by several brain mechanisms, are the most significant characteristic of this disorder. METHODS A multitude of pharmacological targets have been identified for potential drug design against AD. Although many advances in treatment strategies have been made to correct various abnormalities, these often exhibit limited clinical significance because this disease aggressively progresses into different regions of the brain, causing severe deterioration. RESULTS These biomarkers can be game-changers for early detection and timely monitoring of such disorders. CONCLUSION This review covers clinically significant biomarkers of AD for precise and early monitoring of risk factors and stages of this disease, the potential site of action and novel targets for drugs, and pharmacological approaches to clinical management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Jalil Shah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmaceutical Chemistry Division, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal, Srinagar- 190006, Kashmir, India
| | - Roohi Mohi-Ud-Din
- Department of General Medicine, Sher-I-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences (SKIMS), Srinagar- 190011, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Saba Sabreen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmaceutical Chemistry Division, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal, Srinagar- 190006, Kashmir, India
| | - Taha Umair Wani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmaceutics Lab, School of Applied Sciences and Technology, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal, Srinagar-190006, Kashmir India
| | - Rafia Jan
- Defence Research and Development Organization (DRDO), Hospital, Khonmoh, Srinagar 190001, Jammu & Kashmir, India
| | - Md Noushad Javed
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
- Department of Pharmaceutics, KR Mangalam University, Gurugram, India
| | - Prince Ahad Mir
- Khalsa College of Pharmacy, G.T. Road, Amritsar-143002, Punjab, India
| | - Reyaz Hassan Mir
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmaceutical Chemistry Division, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal, Srinagar- 190006, Kashmir, India
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Division, Chandigarh College of Pharmacy, Mohali, Punjab 140307, India
| | - Mubashir Hussain Masoodi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmaceutical Chemistry Division, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal, Srinagar- 190006, Kashmir, India
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Katasonov AB. [Dihydroquercetin as a systemic neuroprotector for the prevention and treatment of β-amyloid-associated brain diseases]. Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova 2023; 123:136-142. [PMID: 37490679 DOI: 10.17116/jnevro2023123071136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
Dihydroquercetin (DHQ) is a plant-derived polyphenol belonging to the group of flavonoids. In models associated with abnormal accumulation of β-amyloid in the brain (Alzheimer's disease and cerebral amyloid angiopathy), DHQ demonstrates the ability to disaggregate toxic forms of β-amyloid and prevent their formation. It is believed that this phenomenon underlies the protective effect of DHQ on brain neurons. However, pharmacokinetic data doubt the central mechanism of action of DHQ because this compound does not penetrate well into the brain. A hypothesis is put forward about the systemic nature of the neuroprotective action of DHQ, since this compound has multiple biological activities at the level of the whole organism. To characterize DHQ (and similar compounds), it is proposed to introduce the term «systemic neuroprotector».
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46
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Chaplygina AV, Kovalev VI, Zhdanova DY. [The study of lipofuscin levels in the 5xFAD mouse model of Alzheimer's disease.]. Adv Gerontol 2023; 36:720-728. [PMID: 38180372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
In this study, we evaluated the change in the level of lipofuscin, an autofluorescent aging pigment, in brain and peripheral tissues in a transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer's disease (AD) - 5xFAD. A comparative analysis of the content of lipofuscin in homogenates of the liver, kidneys, heart, and various parts of the brain of 5xFAD mice, as well as control mice from the same litters of different ages, was carried out. The data obtained correlate well with the concept of lipofuscin as an aging pigment - its amount increases with age in both control and 5xFAD mice. We noted accumulation of lipofuscin progressive with age in 5xFAD mice, which is detected both in different parts of the brain and in peripheral organs. At the same time, the level of lipofuscin was increased even in newborn day-old mice 5xFAD. Thus, an increase in the level of lipofuscin in 5xFAD mice is one of the earliest disorders that manifests itself not only in the brain, but also in other organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- A V Chaplygina
- Institute of Cell Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences - a Separate Division of Federal Research Center «Pushchino Research Center for Biological Studies, Russian Academy of Sciences» (ICB RAS), 3 Institutskaya str., Pushchino, Moscow region142290, Russian Federation, e-mail:
| | - V I Kovalev
- Institute of Cell Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences - a Separate Division of Federal Research Center «Pushchino Research Center for Biological Studies, Russian Academy of Sciences» (ICB RAS), 3 Institutskaya str., Pushchino, Moscow region142290, Russian Federation, e-mail:
| | - D Y Zhdanova
- Institute of Cell Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences - a Separate Division of Federal Research Center «Pushchino Research Center for Biological Studies, Russian Academy of Sciences» (ICB RAS), 3 Institutskaya str., Pushchino, Moscow region142290, Russian Federation, e-mail:
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He DL, Fan YG, Wang ZY. Energy Crisis Links to Autophagy and Ferroptosis in Alzheimer's Disease: Current Evidence and Future Avenues. Curr Neuropharmacol 2023; 21:67-86. [PMID: 35980072 PMCID: PMC10193753 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x20666220817140737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the most common neurodegenerative diseases worldwide. The occult nature of the onset and the uncertainty of the etiology largely impede the development of therapeutic strategies for AD. Previous studies revealed that the disorder of energy metabolism in the brains of AD patients appears far earlier than the typical pathological features of AD, suggesting a tight association between energy crisis and the onset of AD. Energy crisis in the brain is known to be induced by the reductions in glucose uptake and utilization, which may be ascribed to the diminished expressions of cerebral glucose transporters (GLUTs), insulin resistance, mitochondrial dysfunctions, and lactate dysmetabolism. Notably, the energy sensors such as peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor (PPAR), transcription factor EB (TFEB), and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) were shown to be the critical regulators of autophagy, which play important roles in regulating beta-amyloid (Aβ) metabolism, tau phosphorylation, neuroinflammation, iron dynamics, as well as ferroptosis. In this study, we summarized the current knowledge on the molecular mechanisms involved in the energy dysmetabolism of AD and discussed the interplays existing between energy crisis, autophagy, and ferroptosis. In addition, we highlighted the potential network in which autophagy may serve as a bridge between energy crisis and ferroptosis in the progression of AD. A deeper understanding of the relationship between energy dysmetabolism and AD may provide new insight into developing strategies for treating AD; meanwhile, the energy crisis in the progression of AD should gain more attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da-Long He
- Key Laboratory of Major Chronic Diseases of Nervous System of Liaoning Province, Health Sciences Institute of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology of Ministry of Education, Health Sciences Institute of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, China
| | - Yong-Gang Fan
- Key Laboratory of Major Chronic Diseases of Nervous System of Liaoning Province, Health Sciences Institute of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology of Ministry of Education, Health Sciences Institute of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, China
| | - Zhan-You Wang
- Key Laboratory of Major Chronic Diseases of Nervous System of Liaoning Province, Health Sciences Institute of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology of Ministry of Education, Health Sciences Institute of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, China
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Kim JR. Oligomerization by co-assembly of β-amyloid and α-synuclein. Front Mol Biosci 2023; 10:1153839. [PMID: 37021111 PMCID: PMC10067735 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2023.1153839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Aberrant self-assembly of an intrinsically disordered protein is a pathological hallmark of protein misfolding diseases, such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases (AD and PD, respectively). In AD, the 40-42 amino acid-long extracellular peptide, β-amyloid (Aβ), self-assembles into oligomers, which eventually aggregate into fibrils. A similar self-association of the 140 amino acid-long intracellular protein, α-synuclein (αS), is responsible for the onset of PD pathology. While Aβ and αS are primarily extracellular and intracellular polypeptides, respectively, there is evidence of their colocalization and pathological overlaps of AD and PD. This evidence has raised the likelihood of synergistic, toxic protein-protein interactions between Aβ and αS. This mini review summarizes the findings of studies on Aβ-αS interactions related to enhanced oligomerization via co-assembly, aiming to provide a better understanding of the complex biology behind AD and PD and common pathological mechanisms among the major neurodegenerative diseases.
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Collins AE, Saleh TM, Kalisch BE. VANL-100 Attenuates Beta-Amyloid-Induced Toxicity in SH-SY5Y Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010442. [PMID: 36613883 PMCID: PMC9820495 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Antioxidants are being explored as novel therapeutics for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) through strategies such as chemically linking antioxidants to synthesize novel co-drugs. The main objective of this study was to assess the cytoprotective effects of the novel antioxidant compound VANL-100 in a cellular model of beta-amyloid (Aβ)-induced toxicity. The cytotoxic effects of Aβ in the presence and absence of all antioxidant compounds were measured using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)2-5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay in SH-SY5Y cells in both pre-treatment and co-treatment experiments. In pre-treatment experiments, VANL-100, or one of its parent compounds, naringenin (NAR), alpha-lipoic acid (ALA), or naringenin + alpha-lipoic acid (NAR + ALA), was administrated 24 h prior to an additional 24-h incubation with 20 μM non-fibril or fibril Aβ25-35. Co-treatment experiments consisted of simultaneous treatment with Aβ and antioxidants. Pre-treatment and co-treatment with VANL-100 significantly attenuated Aβ-induced cell death. There were no significant differences between the protective effects of VANL-100, NAR, ALA, and NAR + ALA with either form of Aβ, or in the effect of VANL-100 between 24-h pre-treatment and co-treatment. These results demonstrate that the novel co-drug VANL-100 is capable of eliciting cytoprotective effects against Aβ-induced toxicity.
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50
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Swarup O, Barker JL, Watson R, Davis SM, Campbell BCV, Yassi N. Cerebral amyloid angiopathy: clinical presentations and management challenges in the Australian context. Intern Med J 2022. [PMID: 36565446 DOI: 10.1111/imj.15999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) is a disease with several clinical manifestations. It is characterised by amyloid-beta deposition in cerebral blood vessels, making them prone to bleeding. The incidence of CAA increases with age and may be associated or co-exist with intraparenchymal neurodegenerative proteinopathies, which makes it an increasingly relevant condition for adult physicians in all areas of medical practice. The vast majority of cases of CAA are sporadic with a small minority of familial cases. CAA is asymptomatic in many older adults but increases the risk of fatal intracerebral or subarachnoid haemorrhage. We review the existing literature on CAA and summarise the key findings. We specifically explore clinical challenges relevant to CAA, particularly in diagnosis, management of intracranial haemorrhage and management of concurrent medical conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oshi Swarup
- Department of Medicine and Neurology, Melbourne Brain Centre at the Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - James L Barker
- Department of Medicine and Neurology, Melbourne Brain Centre at the Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Rosie Watson
- Department of Geriatrics, Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Population Health and Immunity Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Stephen M Davis
- Department of Medicine and Neurology, Melbourne Brain Centre at the Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Bruce C V Campbell
- Department of Medicine and Neurology, Melbourne Brain Centre at the Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Nawaf Yassi
- Department of Medicine and Neurology, Melbourne Brain Centre at the Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Population Health and Immunity Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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