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Lépine M, Robert MC, Sleno L. Discovery and Verification of Sjögren's Syndrome Protein Biomarkers in Tears by Targeted LC-MRM. J Proteome Res 2024. [PMID: 38682820 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.4c00163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Sjögren's syndrome (SS) is an autoimmune rheumatic disorder characterized by exocrine gland dysfunction, mainly from the lacrimal and salivary glands. The disease causes severe aqueous dry eye syndrome (DED) and is associated with high rates of complications, including corneal ulceration, scaring, and perforation. Systemic complications may occur as well as a higher risk of developing lymphoma. Diagnosis of SS-DED is often delayed and difficult to establish. With the aim of discovering biomarkers to help discriminate SS-DED patients, a combination of untargeted and targeted LC-MS/MS analyses were performed on tear samples collected on Schirmer strips and subjected to tryptic digestion. Following the analysis of three cohorts and the development of two targeted LC-sMRM methods for the verification of putative biomarkers found in the first cohort of samples, 64 proteins could be linked to Sjögren's syndrome, in the hopes of helping to confirm diagnoses as well as potentially stratifying the severity of disease in these patients. Proteins that were increased in SS-DED showed activation of the immune system and alterations in homeostasis. Several proteases and protease inhibitors were found to be significantly changing in SS-DED, as well as a consistent decrease in specific proteins known to be secreted by the lacrimal gland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maggy Lépine
- University of Quebec in Montreal (UQAM), Chemistry Department, PO Box 8888, Downtown Station, Montreal, Quebec H3C 3P8, Canada
- CERMO-FC, Centre d'Excellence de Recherche sur les Maladies Orphelines-Fondation Courtois, 141 Avenue du President Kennedy, Montreal, Quebec H2X 3Y7, Canada
| | - Marie-Claude Robert
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de (CR-CHUM), Ophthalmology Department, 900 Saint Denis Street, Montreal, Quebec H2X 0A9, Canada
- CERMO-FC, Centre d'Excellence de Recherche sur les Maladies Orphelines-Fondation Courtois, 141 Avenue du President Kennedy, Montreal, Quebec H2X 3Y7, Canada
| | - Lekha Sleno
- University of Quebec in Montreal (UQAM), Chemistry Department, PO Box 8888, Downtown Station, Montreal, Quebec H3C 3P8, Canada
- CERMO-FC, Centre d'Excellence de Recherche sur les Maladies Orphelines-Fondation Courtois, 141 Avenue du President Kennedy, Montreal, Quebec H2X 3Y7, Canada
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Straburzyński M, Waliszewska-Prosół M, Nowaczewska M, Czapinska-Ciepiela EK, Gryglas-Dworak A, Budrewicz S. Prevalence of cranial autonomic symptoms in frequent episodic tension-type headache: A post hoc analysis of the cross-sectional Migraine in Poland study. Dent Med Probl 2024; 61:0-0. [PMID: 38652923 DOI: 10.17219/dmp/175611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cranial autonomic symptoms (CASs) include lacrimation, conjunctival injection, rhinorrhea, nasal congestion, facial flushing or sweating, ptosis, and myosis. These symptoms may be associated with trigeminal autonomic cephalalgias (TACs) and migraine. OBJECTIVES The aim of the study was to assess whether CASs are also reported by patients with frequent episodic tension-type headache (eTTH). MATERIAL AND METHODS A cross-sectional online survey of a large Polish population was conducted between August 2021 and June 2022. The analysis assessed diagnostic criteria for migraine and eTTH, as well as the presence of allodynia, headache-related disability and symptoms of depression. RESULTS The survey involved 3,225 respondents (age: 13-80 years, mean (M) = 38.9 years; 87.1% female). A total of 166 individuals met the diagnostic criteria for isolated frequent eTTH without migraine or probable migraine with or without aura. Allodynia was present during the majority of attacks in 40 (24.1%) eTTH subjects, while 86 (51.8%) eTTH respondents reported at least 1 CAS during their headache attacks. The presence of at least 1 CAS was more prevalent in migraine than in eTTH (p = 0.001). The respondents with at least 1 CAS during eTTH attacks reported a higher burden associated with pain (p = 0.024) and higher Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) scores (p = 0.016). CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of retrospectively reported CASs was high among individuals with eTTH, which may potentially contribute to diagnostic errors. Cranial autonomic symptoms in eTTH do not appear to be caused by severe pain or central sensitization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Straburzyński
- Department of Family Medicine and Infectious Diseases, University of Warmia and Mazury, Olsztyn, Poland
| | | | - Magdalena Nowaczewska
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery and Laryngological Oncology, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Bydgoszcz, Poland
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Adamczyk-Zostawa J, Wylęgała A, Lis M, Zostawa J, Fiolka R, Wylęgała E, Adamczyk-Sowa M, Czuba Z. The level of cytokines in tears as a novel indicator of demyelinating diseases. Neurol Res 2024:1-8. [PMID: 38602307 DOI: 10.1080/01616412.2024.2337502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A novel research objective is to identify new molecules in more readily accessible biological fluids that could be used in the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis (MS) and other demyelinating disorders. AIM To compare the level of selected cytokines in tears between patients with MS or other demyelinating disorder and healthy controls. MATERIAL AND METHODS 84 patients with diagnosed MS during remission or with other demyelinating disease of the CNS and 70 healthy controls were enrolled in the study. Tears were collected without any stimulation and stored till the day of assessment. The concentration of selected cytokines was measured by the Bio-Plex Pro Human cytokine screening panel 27 cytokines assay according to the manufacturer's instructions. Statistical analysis was performed with Statistica 13. RESULTS IL-1b level was significantly lower in the study group compared to the control group [3,6 vs 8.71, p < 0.001]. The same pattern was observed for IL-6 [3,1 vs 5.26, p = 0.027] and IL-10 [1,7 vs 10.92, p < 0.001] (Table 1). In the study group, IL-1RA (p = 0.015), IL-5 (p = 0.04), IL-9 (p = 0.014), and IL-15 (p = 0.037) showed significant correlations with age. In the total sample, IL-1Ra (p = 0.016) and IFN-g (p = 0.041) were significantly correlated with age, while in the control group, IL-8 (p = 0.09), MIP-1a (p = 0.009), and RANTES (p = 0.031) showed significant correlations. CONCLUSIONS Our results show that MS and other demyelination diseases lead to decrease in the overall level of cytokines in tears. Further research is needed to determine the role of tear fluid in the assessment of demyelinating disorders like MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jowita Adamczyk-Zostawa
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Adam Wylęgała
- Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Martyna Lis
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Jacek Zostawa
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Rafał Fiolka
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Edward Wylęgała
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Monika Adamczyk-Sowa
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Zenon Czuba
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
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Gleixner S, Zahn I, Dietrich J, Singh S, Drobny A, Schneider Y, Schwendner R, Socher E, Blavet N, Bräuer L, Gostian AO, Balk M, Schulze-Tanzil G, Günther C, Paulsen F, Arnold P. A New Immortalized Human Lacrimal Gland Cell Line. Cells 2024; 13:622. [PMID: 38607061 PMCID: PMC11011892 DOI: 10.3390/cells13070622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The lacrimal gland is crucial for maintaining ocular health by producing the aqueous component of the tear film, which hydrates and nourishes the ocular surface. Decreased production of this component results in dry eye disease, a condition affecting over 250 million people worldwide. However, the scarcity of primary human material for studying its underlying mechanisms and the absence of a cell model for human lacrimal gland epithelial cells present significant challenges. Here, we describe the generation of immortalized human lacrimal gland cell lines through the introduction of an SV40 antigen. We successfully isolated and characterized three cell clones from a female lacrimal gland donor, confirming their epithelial identity through genomic and protein analyses, including PCR, RNAseq, immunofluorescence and cultivation in a 3D spheroid model. Our findings represent a significant advancement, providing improved accessibility to investigate the molecular pathogenesis mechanisms of dry eye disease and potential therapeutic interventions. We identified the expression of typical epithelial cell marker genes and demonstrated the cells' capability to form 2D cell sheets and 3D spheroids. This establishment of immortalized human lacrimal gland cells with epithelial characteristics holds promise for future comprehensive studies, contributing to a deeper understanding of dry eye disease and its cellular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Gleixner
- Institute of Functional and Clinical Anatomy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (S.G.)
| | - Ingrid Zahn
- Institute of Functional and Clinical Anatomy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (S.G.)
| | - Jana Dietrich
- Institute of Functional and Clinical Anatomy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (S.G.)
| | - Swati Singh
- Institute of Functional and Clinical Anatomy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (S.G.)
- Hariram Motumal Nasta & Renu Hariram Nasta Ophthalmic Plastic Surgery Services, LV Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad 500034, India
| | - Alice Drobny
- Department of Molecular Neurology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Yanni Schneider
- Department of Molecular Neurology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Raphael Schwendner
- Department of Medicine 1, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Eileen Socher
- Institute of Functional and Clinical Anatomy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (S.G.)
| | - Nicolas Blavet
- CEITEC-Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Lars Bräuer
- Institute of Functional and Clinical Anatomy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (S.G.)
| | - Antoniu-Oreste Gostian
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Merciful Brothers Hospital St. Elisabeth, 94315 Straubing, Germany
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen, University Hospital Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Matthias Balk
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen, University Hospital Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Gundula Schulze-Tanzil
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Paracelsus Medical University, Nuremberg Prof. Ernst Nathan Str. 1, 90419 Nuremberg, Germany
| | - Claudia Günther
- Department of Medicine 1, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Friedrich Paulsen
- Institute of Functional and Clinical Anatomy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (S.G.)
| | - Philipp Arnold
- Institute of Functional and Clinical Anatomy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (S.G.)
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Lu X, Zhou X, Song B, Zhang H, Cheng M, Zhu X, Wu Y, Shi H, Chu B, He Y, Wang H, Hong J. Framework Nucleic Acids Combined with 3D Hybridization Chain Reaction Amplifiers for Monitoring Multiple Human Tear Cytokines. Adv Mater 2024:e2400622. [PMID: 38489844 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202400622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
Existing tear sensors are difficult to perform multiplexed assays due to the minute amounts of biomolecules in tears and the tiny volume of tears. Herein, the authors leverage DNA tetrahedral frameworks (DTFs) modified on the wireless portable electrodes to effectively capture 3D hybridization chain reaction (HCR) amplifiers for automatic and sensitive monitoring of multiple cytokines in human tears. The developed sensors allow the sensitive determination of various dry eye syndrome (DES)-associated cytokines in human tears with the limit of detection down to 0.1 pg mL-1, consuming as little as 3 mL of tear fluid. Double-blind testing of clinical DES samples using the developed sensor and commercial ELISA shows no significant difference between them. Compared with single-biomarker diagnosis, the diagnostic accuracy of this sensor based on multiple biomarkers has improved by ≈16%. The developed system offers the potential for tear sensors to enable personalized and accurate diagnosis of various ocular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Lu
- Suzhou Key Laboratory of Nanotechnology and Biomedicine, Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology (NANO-CIC), Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Xujiao Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Shanghai Eye, Ear, Nose and Throat Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Bin Song
- Suzhou Key Laboratory of Nanotechnology and Biomedicine, Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology (NANO-CIC), Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Shanghai Eye, Ear, Nose and Throat Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Mingrui Cheng
- Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Shanghai Eye, Ear, Nose and Throat Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Xingyu Zhu
- Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Shanghai Eye, Ear, Nose and Throat Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Yuqi Wu
- Suzhou Key Laboratory of Nanotechnology and Biomedicine, Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology (NANO-CIC), Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Haoliang Shi
- Suzhou Key Laboratory of Nanotechnology and Biomedicine, Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology (NANO-CIC), Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Binbin Chu
- Suzhou Key Laboratory of Nanotechnology and Biomedicine, Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology (NANO-CIC), Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Yao He
- Suzhou Key Laboratory of Nanotechnology and Biomedicine, Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology (NANO-CIC), Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
- Macao Translatoinal Medicine Center, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau SAR, 999078, China
- Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau SAR, 999078, China
| | - Houyu Wang
- Suzhou Key Laboratory of Nanotechnology and Biomedicine, Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology (NANO-CIC), Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Jiaxu Hong
- Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Shanghai Eye, Ear, Nose and Throat Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Synthetic Immunology, Shanghai, 200032, China
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Di Zazzo A, Barabino S, Fasciani R, Aragona P, Giannaccare G, Villani E, Rolando M. One Soul and Several Faces of Evaporative Dry Eye Disease. J Clin Med 2024; 13:1220. [PMID: 38592038 PMCID: PMC10932174 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13051220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
The ocular surface system interacts with, reacts with, and adapts to the daily continuous insults, trauma, and stimuli caused by direct exposure to the atmosphere and environment. Several tissue and para-inflammatory mechanisms interact to guarantee such an ultimate function, hence maintaining its healthy homeostatic equilibrium. Evaporation seriously affects the homeostasis of the system, thereby becoming a critical trigger in the pathogenesis of the vicious cycle of dry eye disease (DED). Tear film lipid composition, distribution, spreading, and efficiency are crucial factors in controlling water evaporation, and are involved in the onset of the hyperosmolar and inflammatory cascades of DED. The structure of tear film lipids, and subsequently the tear film, have a considerable impact on tears' properties and main functions, leading to a peculiar clinical picture and specific management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Di Zazzo
- Ophthalmology Complex Operative Unit, Foundation Campus Bio-Medico University Hospital, 00128 Rome, Italy
- Ophthalmology Unit, Campus Bio-Medico University, 00128 Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Barabino
- Ocular Surface & Dry Eye Center, ASST Fatebenefratelli SACCO, Kilan Univeristy, 20123 Milan, Italy;
| | - Romina Fasciani
- Ophthalmology Unit, “Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS”, 00128 Rome, Italy;
- Ophtalmology Unit, Catholic University of “Sacro Cuore”, 00128 Rome, Italy
| | - Pasquale Aragona
- Ophthalmology Clinic, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University Hospital of Messina, 98122 Messina, Italy;
| | - Giuseppe Giannaccare
- Eye Clinic, Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy;
| | - Edoardo Villani
- Eye Clinic, San Giuseppe Hospital, IRCCS Multimedica, University of Milan, 20123 Milan, Italy;
| | - Maurizio Rolando
- Ocular Surface and Dry Eye Center, ISPRE Ophthalmics, 16129 Genoa, Italy;
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Wang X, Fang J, Yang L. Research progress on ocular complications caused by type 2 diabetes mellitus and the function of tears and blepharons. Open Life Sci 2024; 19:20220773. [PMID: 38299009 PMCID: PMC10828665 DOI: 10.1515/biol-2022-0773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to explore the related research progress of ocular complications (OCs) caused by type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), tear and tarsal function, and the application of deep learning (DL) in the diagnosis of diabetes and OCs caused by it, to provide reference for the prevention and control of OCs in T2DM patients. This study reviewed the pathogenesis and treatment of diabetes retinopathy, keratopathy, dry eye disease, glaucoma, and cataract, analyzed the relationship between OCs and tear function and tarsal function, and discussed the application value of DL in the diagnosis of diabetes and OCs. Diabetes retinopathy is related to hyperglycemia, angiogenic factors, oxidative stress, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and other factors. The increase in water content in the corneal stroma leads to corneal relaxation, loss of transparency, and elasticity, and can lead to the occurrence of corneal lesions. Dry eye syndrome is related to abnormal stability of the tear film and imbalance in neural and immune regulation. Elevated intraocular pressure, inflammatory reactions, atrophy of the optic nerve head, and damage to optic nerve fibers are the causes of glaucoma. Cataract is a common eye disease in the elderly, which is a visual disorder caused by lens opacity. Oxidative stress is an important factor in the occurrence of cataracts. In clinical practice, blood sugar control, laser therapy, and drug therapy are used to control the above eye complications. The function of tear and tarsal plate will be affected by eye diseases. Retinopathy and dry eye disease caused by diabetes will cause dysfunction of tear and tarsal plate, which will affect the eye function of patients. Furthermore, DL can automatically diagnose and classify eye diseases, automatically analyze fundus images, and accurately diagnose diabetes retinopathy, macular degeneration, and other diseases by analyzing and processing eye images and data. The treatment of T2DM is difficult and prone to OCs, which seriously threatens the normal life of patients. The occurrence of OCs is closely related to abnormal tear and tarsal function. Based on DL, clinical diagnosis and treatment of diabetes and its OCs can be carried out, which has positive application value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohong Wang
- Department of Operating Room, Xinchang County Peoples Hospital, Xinchang, 312500, Shaoxing City, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jian Fang
- Department of Ophthalmolgy, Xinchang County Peoples Hospital, Xinchang, 312500, Shaoxing City, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lina Yang
- Department of Ophthalmolgy, Xinchang County Peoples Hospital, Xinchang, 312500, Shaoxing City, Zhejiang, China
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Zhao CS, Chen Y, Ying GS, Asbell PA. Association of Tear Cytokine Ratios with Symptoms and Signs of Dry Eye Disease: Biomarker Data from the Dry Eye Assessment and Management Study. Curr Eye Res 2024; 49:16-24. [PMID: 37781912 PMCID: PMC10841381 DOI: 10.1080/02713683.2023.2262168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess the relationship between tear inflammatory cytokine ratios (CRs) and signs and symptoms of dry eye disease (DED) to investigate the possible use of tear CRs, which may better address the complexity of cytokine interactions than absolute cytokine levels, as a DED biomarker. METHODS Tear concentrations of IL-1b, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-17A, IFN-g, and TNF-a were measured using standardized procedures, as were DED signs (corneal and conjunctival staining scores, tear break-up time, Schirmer test, Meibomian gland plugging, tear osmolarity, composite sign severity score) and symptoms [Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI)]. Ratios between pro-inflammatory (IL-1b, IL-8, IL-17A, IFN-g, and TNF-a) and anti-inflammatory (IL-10) cytokines were calculated. Given its opposing roles in inflammation, IL-6 was tested as both a pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine. Correlations between CR and DED symptoms and signs were calculated using Spearman correlation coefficients (rho). RESULTS At baseline, 131 patients, 80.2% female and mean age 54.2 years (SD 14.1, range 20-82), from 10 sites of the Dry Eye Assessment and Management study had sufficient tear volumes ≥4 μL for analysis. IL-6:IL-10, IL-8:IL-10, and TNF-a:IL-10 had some significant correlations, mostly with conjunctival or corneal staining or the composite sign severity score (IL-8:IL-10 and conjunctival staining: rho = 0.19, p = 0.03; IL-6:IL-10 and corneal staining: rho = 0.31, p < 0.001; IL-8:IL-10 and corneal staining: rho = 0.21, p = 0.01; IL-6:IL-10 and composite sign severity score: rho = 0.26, p = 0.003; IL-8:IL-10 and composite sign severity score: rho = 0.26, p = 0.003; TNF-a:IL-10 and corneal staining: rho = 0.29, p < 0.001; TNF-a:IL-10 and Schirmer test: rho = -0.23, p = 0.009). CRs had no significant correlation with DED symptoms. All significant correlations using IL-6 in the denominator (anti-inflammatory) produced counterintuitive results based on clinical understanding of the disease. CONCLUSIONS Pro- to anti-inflammatory CR was weakly correlated with some DED signs and not with symptoms, as measured by OSDI. Future studies in different dry eye populations are needed and should address sampling biases and tear collection techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cindy S Zhao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Stanford Byers Eye Institute, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Yineng Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Gui-Shuang Ying
- Department of Ophthalmology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Penny A Asbell
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hamilton Eye Institute, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
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George CT, Kurien BT, Scofield RH. The Potential Utility of Salivary and Tear Proteomics to Discriminate Sjögren's Disease from Non-Sjögren's Sicca. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17497. [PMID: 38139325 PMCID: PMC10744321 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Sjögren's Disease (SjD) is an autoimmune disorder associated with decreased saliva and/or tear secretions, resulting in patients reporting dryness in the mouth and eyes. Serum autoantibodies directed against the Ro60/SS-A and La/SS-B autoantigens are a distinctive feature of the disease. Analysis of the saliva and tear proteomes represents one promising alternative method of both classifying and monitoring the condition, and research into salivary and tear proteomics in patients with SjD, with and without sicca, has shown its efficacy and practicality in both clinical and research settings. Studies analyzing the saliva proteomics of SjD patients have generally shown an overexpression of proteins involved in T-cell activation, the immune response, β-2 microglobulin, and the recruitment of pro-inflammatory agents. These studies also show a decrease in or downregulation of proteins involved in salivary secretion. Studies analyzing the tear proteomics of patients with SjD have generally indicated an upregulation of proteins involved with TNF-α signaling, B-cell survival, and the recruitment of pro-inflammatory agents. Studies also note the differential expression of tear protein folding as a hallmark of ocular involvement in this condition. These findings help to elucidate the biochemical relationship between the proteomes of saliva/tear fluids and the general pathophysiology of the gland involved with the pathogenesis of this condition, giving further credence to the potential role of salivary and tear proteomics in the future of diagnosis and treatment for patients with SjD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Biji T. Kurien
- Arthritis & Clinical Immunology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, 825 NE 13th Street, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA;
- Department of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73117, USA
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - R. Hal Scofield
- Arthritis & Clinical Immunology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, 825 NE 13th Street, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA;
- Department of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73117, USA
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
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10
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Li X, Poulson AV, Snead MP. Retinal detachment risk in the fellow eyes of patients presenting with retinal tears in more than two quadrants. Br J Ophthalmol 2023:bjo-2023-323295. [PMID: 38041683 DOI: 10.1136/bjo-2023-323295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
Literature discussing fellow eye risk in patients with rhegmatogenous retinal detachment secondary to posterior vitreous detachment (PVD) is limited, particularly in subgroups where this risk may be greater than the general population. In this retrospective consecutive case series with 107 study patients, the risk of retinal tears in fellow eyes of patients with horseshoe tears in three or more quadrants of their presenting eye, secondary to PVD, was 81%. The fellow eye risk is high in this subgroup of patients, and it is important to inform them to seek prompt attention when symptoms of PVD develop in their fellow eye.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Martin P Snead
- University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Cambridge University NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
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11
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Nazha HM, Darwich MA, Ismaiel E, Shahen A, Nasser T, Assaad M, Juhre D. Portable Infrared-Based Glucometer Reinforced with Fuzzy Logic. Biosensors (Basel) 2023; 13:991. [PMID: 37998166 PMCID: PMC10669386 DOI: 10.3390/bios13110991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic condition characterized by high blood glucose levels owing to decreased insulin production or sensitivity. Current diagnostic approaches for gestational diabetes entail intrusive blood tests, which are painful and impractical for regular monitoring. Additionally, typical blood glucose monitoring systems are restricted in their measurement frequency and need finger pricks for blood samples. This research study focuses on the development of a non-invasive, real-time glucose monitoring method based on the detection of glucose in human tears and finger blood using mid-infrared (IR) spectroscopy. The proposed solution combines a fuzzy logic-based calibration mechanism with an IR sensor and Arduino controller. This calibration technique increases the accuracy of non-invasive glucose testing based on MID absorbance in fingertips and human tears. The data demonstrate that our device has high accuracy and reliability, with an error rate of less than 3%, according to the EGA. Out of 360 measurements, 97.5% fell into zone A, 2.2% into zone B, and 0.3% into zone C of the Clarke Error Grid. This suggests that our device can give clinically precise and acceptable estimates of blood glucose levels without inflicting any harm or discomfort on the user.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasan Mhd Nazha
- Computational Mechanics, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Otto Von Guericke University Magdeburg, Universitätsplatz 2, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany; (H.M.N.); (D.J.)
| | - Mhd Ayham Darwich
- Faculty of Technical Engineering, Tartous University, Tartous P.O. Box 2147, Syria
| | - Ebrahim Ismaiel
- Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Al-Andalus University for Medical Sciences, Tartous P.O. Box 101, Syria; (E.I.); (A.S.); (T.N.)
| | - Anas Shahen
- Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Al-Andalus University for Medical Sciences, Tartous P.O. Box 101, Syria; (E.I.); (A.S.); (T.N.)
| | - Tamim Nasser
- Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Al-Andalus University for Medical Sciences, Tartous P.O. Box 101, Syria; (E.I.); (A.S.); (T.N.)
| | - Maher Assaad
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering,
College of Engineering and IT, Ajman University, Ajman P.O. Box 346, United Arab Emirates;
| | - Daniel Juhre
- Computational Mechanics, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Otto Von Guericke University Magdeburg, Universitätsplatz 2, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany; (H.M.N.); (D.J.)
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12
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Chidi-Egboka NC, Jalbert I, Wagner P, Golebiowski B. Blinking and normal ocular surface in school-aged children and the effects of age and screen time. Br J Ophthalmol 2023; 107:1613-1620. [PMID: 36002237 DOI: 10.1136/bjo-2022-321645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Baseline ocular surface characteristics in children require investigation. This study characterised blinking and relationships with ocular symptoms, tear film and digital device use. METHODS 45 children aged 6-15 years (56% female) participated in a cross-sectional study. Ocular surface symptoms (Instant Ocular Symptoms Survey, Dry Eye Questionnaire 5, Symptoms Assessment in Dry Eye, Ocular Surface Disease Index, Ocular Comfort Index and Numerical Rating Scale) and clinical indices (lipid layer thickness, tear secretion and stability, meibomian gland) were assessed. Blink rate and interblink interval were measured in situ using a wearable eye-tracking headset (Pupil Labs GmbH, Germany). Associations between blinking, ocular surface, age, and digital device use (bivariate and partial correlations) and between automated and manually counted blink rate (Bland & Altman) were examined. RESULTS Mean blink rate and interblink interval were 20.5±10.5 blinks/min and 2.9±1.9 s during conversation. There was no difference between automated and manual blink rate (p=0.78) and no relationship between blinking and digital device use, age or sex. Mean group symptoms were within normal range and not associated with clinical measurements including blinking. Greater tear volume was associated with a faster blink rate (r=0.46, p=0.001) and shorter interblink interval (r=-0.36, p=0.02). Older age was associated with improved tear volume (r=0.37, p=0.01) and stability (r=0.38, p=0.01). CONCLUSIONS Blinking characterised in situ was not impacted by age or habitual digital device use. A faster blink rate was associated with greater tear volume but not symptoms. Improved tear function was found with age suggesting that the ocular surface continues to develop through childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ngozi Charity Chidi-Egboka
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Isabelle Jalbert
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Peter Wagner
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Blanka Golebiowski
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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13
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Lim EWL, Chong CCY, Nusinovici S, Fenwick E, Lamoureux EL, Sabanayagam C, Cheng CY, Tong L. Relationship between dry eye symptoms and quality of life: associations and mediation analysis. Br J Ophthalmol 2023; 107:1606-1612. [PMID: 35940854 DOI: 10.1136/bjo-2022-321246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE (1) To determine the independent association of dry eye symptoms with health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in the Singapore population and (2) to further investigate which factors mediate this association. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, 7707 participants were included. The presence of dry eye symptoms was defined as experiencing at least one out of the six symptoms either 'often' or 'all the time'. The EuroQoL-5 dimensions (EQ-5D) utility instrument (raw scores converted to UK time trade-off (TTO) values) was used to assess generic HRQoL and the overall score from the Visual Functioning Questionnaire for visual functioning. The association between dry eye symptoms and EQ-5D was investigated using multivariable linear regression, adjusting for demographic and socioeconomic information, comorbidities, systemic and ocular examinations results. Mediation analysis was used to determine whether certain factors mediated this association. RESULTS After adjusting for relevant factors, those with dry eye symptoms had significantly lower HRQoL (difference in EQ-5D TTO: -0.062 (95% CI -0.073 to -0.050)), with the inability to open eyes affected the most (-0.101 (95% CI -0.161 to -0.042)), followed by a sandy sensation (-0.089 (95% CI -0.121 to -0.058)), a burning sensation (-0.070 (95% CI -0.105 to -0.036)), red eyes (-0.059 (95% CI -0.082 to -0.036)), a dry sensation (-0.058 (95% CI -0.072 to -0.044)) and crusting of eyelids (-0.040 (95% CI -0.071 to -0.008)). Visual functioning and the presence of recent falls accounted for 8.63% (4.98%-14.5%) and 2.93% (0.04%-5.68%) of the indirect relationship between dry eye and HRQoL, respectively. CONCLUSION Dry eye symptoms were independently associated with poor HRQoL. Moreover, this was partly mediated by reduced visual functioning and experiencing recent falls. Our results suggest that efforts to reduce severity of dry eye symptoms are essential to optimise patients' overall functioning and well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Simon Nusinovici
- Ocular Epidemiology Research Group, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore
| | - Eva Fenwick
- Ocular Epidemiology Research Group, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore
- Eye Academic Clinical Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Ecosse Luc Lamoureux
- Ocular Epidemiology Research Group, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore
- Health Services and System Research, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Charumathi Sabanayagam
- Ocular Epidemiology Research Group, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore
- Eye Academic Clinical Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Ching-Yu Cheng
- Ocular Epidemiology Research Group, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore
- Eye Academic Clinical Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
- Glaucoma, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore
| | - Louis Tong
- Ocular Epidemiology Research Group, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore
- Eye Academic Clinical Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
- Corneal and External Eye Disease, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore
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14
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Razeghian Jahromi L, Ghaderian Jahromi M, Ghavipisheh M, Ahrari I. Hemolacria secondary to major depressive disorder and generalized anxiety disorder: A case report. Clin Case Rep 2023; 11:e8127. [PMID: 37953893 PMCID: PMC10636534 DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.8127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Key Clinical Message Hemolacria can occur on the basis of a psychiatric disorder without an organic cause. However, this should be a diagnosis of exclusion. Treatment of the underlying psychiatric illness may relieve this condition. Abstract A 24-year-old man presented with the chief complaint of bloody tears, which began 4 months earlier after commencing mandatory military service. He had no underlying diseases, and all work-ups returned normal, though a microscopic examination confirmed red blood cells. He was diagnosed with hemolacria secondary to generalized anxiety disorder and major depressive disorder, responding to propranolol and sertraline. Hemolacria was totally cured after 6 months of treating the underlying psychiatric illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Razeghian Jahromi
- Substance Abuse and Mental Health Research CenterShiraz University of Medical SciencesShirazIran
| | | | - Mahsa Ghavipisheh
- Research Center for Psychiatry and Behavior ScienceShiraz University of Medical SciencesShirazIran
| | - Iman Ahrari
- Neurosurgery DepartmentNamazi Hospital, Shiraz University of Medical SciencesShirazIran
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15
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Selva KJ, Ramanathan P, Haycroft ER, Tan CW, Wang L, Downie LE, Davis SK, Purcell RA, Kent HE, Juno JA, Wheatley AK, Davenport MP, Kent SJ, Chung AW. Mucosal antibody responses following Vaxzevria vaccination. Immunol Cell Biol 2023; 101:975-983. [PMID: 37670482 PMCID: PMC10952200 DOI: 10.1111/imcb.12685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Abstract
Mucosal antibodies play a key role in protection against breakthrough COVID-19 infections and emerging viral variants. Intramuscular adenovirus-based vaccination (Vaxzevria) only weakly induces nasal IgG and IgA responses, unless vaccinees have been previously infected. However, little is known about how Vaxzevria vaccination impacts the ability of mucosal antibodies to induce Fc responses, particularly against SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VoCs). Here, we profiled paired mucosal (saliva, tears) and plasma antibodies from COVID-19 vaccinated only vaccinees (uninfected, vaccinated) and COVID-19 recovered vaccinees (COVID-19 recovered, vaccinated) who both received Vaxzevria vaccines. SARS-CoV-2 ancestral-specific IgG antibodies capable of engaging FcγR3a were significantly higher in the mucosal samples of COVID-19 recovered Vaxzevria vaccinees in comparison with vaccinated only vaccinees. However, when IgG and FcγR3a engaging antibodies were tested against a panel of SARS-CoV-2 VoCs, the responses were ancestral-centric with weaker recognition of Omicron strains observed. In contrast, salivary IgA, but not plasma IgA, from Vaxzevria vaccinees displayed broad cross-reactivity across all SARS-CoV-2 VoCs tested. Our data highlight that while intramuscular Vaxzevria vaccination can enhance mucosal antibodies responses in COVID-19 recovered vaccinees, restrictions by ancestral-centric bias may have implications for COVID-19 protection. However, highly cross-reactive mucosal IgA could be key in addressing these gaps in mucosal immunity and may be an important focus of future SARS-CoV-2 vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin J Selva
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and ImmunityUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneVICAustralia
| | - Pradhipa Ramanathan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and ImmunityUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneVICAustralia
| | - Ebene R Haycroft
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and ImmunityUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneVICAustralia
| | - Chee Wah Tan
- Programme in Emerging Infectious DiseasesDuke‐NUS Medical SchoolSingapore
- Infectious Diseases Translational Research Programme, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of SingaporeSingapore
| | - Lin‐Fa Wang
- Programme in Emerging Infectious DiseasesDuke‐NUS Medical SchoolSingapore
- Singhealth Duke‐NUS Global Health InstituteSingapore
| | - Laura E Downie
- Department of Optometry and Vision SciencesUniversity of MelbourneCarltonVICAustralia
| | - Samantha K Davis
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and ImmunityUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneVICAustralia
| | - Ruth A Purcell
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and ImmunityUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneVICAustralia
| | - Helen E Kent
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and ImmunityUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneVICAustralia
| | - Jennifer A Juno
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and ImmunityUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneVICAustralia
| | - Adam K Wheatley
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and ImmunityUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneVICAustralia
| | - Miles P Davenport
- Kirby Institute, University of New South WalesKensingtonNSWAustralia
| | - Stephen J Kent
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and ImmunityUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneVICAustralia
- Melbourne Sexual Health Centre and Department of Infectious DiseasesAlfred Hospital and Central Clinical School, Monash UniversityMelbourneVICAustralia
| | - Amy W Chung
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and ImmunityUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneVICAustralia
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16
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Giannaccare G, Rossi C, Borselli M, Carnovale Scalzo G, Scalia G, Pietropaolo R, Fratto B, Pellegrini M, Yu AC, Scorcia V. Outcomes of low-level light therapy before and after cataract surgery for the prophylaxis of postoperative dry eye: a prospective randomised double-masked controlled clinical trial. Br J Ophthalmol 2023:bjo-2023-323920. [PMID: 37890879 DOI: 10.1136/bjo-2023-323920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite increasing evidence shows that optimising ocular surface before cataract surgery is fundamental in patients with pre-existing dry eye disease (DED) to achieve the desired postoperative outcomes, the prophylactic treatment of healthy patients undergoing surgery aiming at preventing iatrogenic DED is worth investigating. METHODS This was a prospective, interventional, randomised, controlled, double-masked clinical trial. Patients were randomly assigned 1:1 to receive either low-level light therapy (LLLT) or sham treatment (LLLT with a power output <30%). Patients underwent two treatment sessions: 7±2 days before cataract surgery (T0) and 7±2 days after (T1). Outcome measures evaluated 30±4 days after surgery (T2) included Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) questionnaire, non-invasive break-up time (NIBUT), tear meniscus height, meibomian gland loss (MGL) and redness score. RESULTS Out of 153 patients randomised to receive LLLT (n=73) or sham treatment (n=80), 131 (70 men, 61 women, mean age 73.53±7.29 years) completed regularly the study. Patients treated with LLLT had significantly lower OSDI scores compared with controls at T1 and T2 (respectively, 7.2±8.8 vs 14.8±13.0 and 9.0±9.0 vs 18.2±17.9; both p<0.001), higher NIBUT values at T2 (12.5±6.6 vs 9.0±7.8; p=0.007) and lower MGL Meiboscore values at T1 (1.59±0.70 vs 1.26±0.69; p=0.008). Unlike controls, patients treated with LLLT had significantly lower OSDI scores and higher NIBUT values at T2 compared with T0 (respectively, 9.0±9.0 vs 21.2±16.1; p<0.001 and 12.5±6.6 vs 9.7±7.2; p=0.007). CONCLUSION Two sessions of LLLT performed before and after cataract surgery were effective in ameliorating tear film stability and ocular discomfort symptoms. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT05754437.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Giannaccare
- Department of Ophthalmology, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
- Eye Clinic, Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Costanza Rossi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Borselli
- Department of Ophthalmology, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | | | - Giovanni Scalia
- Department of Ophthalmology, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Rocco Pietropaolo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Benedetta Fratto
- Department of Ophthalmology, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Marco Pellegrini
- Department of Ophthalmology, Villa Igea Hospital, Forlì, Italy
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Angeli Christy Yu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Villa Igea Hospital, Forlì, Italy
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Scorcia
- Department of Ophthalmology, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
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17
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Muttuvelu DV, Cehofski LJ, Utheim TP, Chen X, Vorum H, Rasmussen MLR, Heegaard S, Khan AM, Abduljabar AB, Honoré B. Tear film proteome changes following Tobradex ® therapy in anterior blepharitis. Acta Ophthalmol 2023. [PMID: 37837306 DOI: 10.1111/aos.15792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The management of blepharitis continues to challenge clinicians due to the poorly understood aetiology of the condition. We recently identified the family of intracellular plakin proteins as essential driving forces underlying anterior blepharitis. A large-scale protein analysis was used to study if a topical dexamethasone/tobramycin solution could be used to reverse the expression of plakin proteins. METHODS Tear film samples from treatment naïve patients with anterior blepharitis (n = 15) were collected with Schirmer filtration paper. A subgroup of the patients (n = 10) received treatment with a dexamethasone/tobramycin 1 + 3 mg/mL ophthalmic suspension (Tobradex® ) for 3 weeks and collection of tear film samples was repeated. The samples were analysed with label-free quantification nano liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry requiring quantification in at least 70% of the samples in each group. Proteins were considered differentially expressed if p < 0.05. RESULTS Following Tobradex® intervention, 27 proteins were upregulated while 61 proteins were downregulated. Regulated proteins after Tobradex® treatment were involved in intermediate filament cytoskeleton organization including downregulation of the plakin proteins envoplakin, epiplakin and periplakin. Plectin, a protein of the plakin family, remained unchanged after Tobradex® therapy. Tobradex® treatment resulted in the regulation of proteins involved in translation including a cluster of downregulated ribosomal proteins. Tobradex® intervention was associated with the regulation of proteins involved in fructose metabolism and glycolytic processes including fructose-1.6-bisphosphatase 1, fructose-bisphosphate aldolases A and B, pyruvate kinase PKM and transketolase. Ig lambda chain V-I region, prominin-1, and protein Niban were upregulated after Tobradex® treatment. CONCLUSIONS Tobradex treatment reversed the expression of plakin proteins in anterior blepharitis. Topical solutions which inhibit the expression of plakin proteins may have the potential to restore the ocular surface integrity in anterior blepharitis and should be explored further.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lasse Jørgensen Cehofski
- Department of Ophthalmology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Tor Paaske Utheim
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- The Norwegian Dry Eye Clinic, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Henrik Vorum
- Department of Ophthalmology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | | | - Steffen Heegaard
- Department of Ophthalmology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | | | - Bent Honoré
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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18
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Kaštelan S, Braš M, Pjevač N, Bakija I, Tomić Z, Pjevač Keleminić N, Gverović Antunica A. Tear Biomarkers and Alzheimer's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13429. [PMID: 37686235 PMCID: PMC10488148 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an age-related progressive neurodegenerative brain disorder that represents the most common type of dementia. It poses a significant diagnostic challenge that requires timely recognition and treatment. Currently, there is no effective therapy for AD; however, certain medications may slow down its progression. The discovery of AD biomarkers, namely, magnetic resonance imaging, positron emission tomography and cerebrospinal fluid molecules (amyloid-β and tau) has advanced our understanding of this disease and has been crucial for identifying early neuropathologic changes prior to clinical changes and cognitive decline. The close interrelationship between the eye and the brain suggests that tears could be an interesting source of biomarkers for AD; however, studies in this area are limited. The identification of biomarkers in tears will enable the development of cost-effective, non-invasive methods of screening, diagnosis and disease monitoring. In order to use tears as a standard method for early and non-invasive diagnosis of AD, future studies need to be conducted on a larger scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Snježana Kaštelan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Clinical Hospital Dubrava, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Marijana Braš
- Centre for Palliative Medicine, Medical Ethics and Communication Skills, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Neda Pjevač
- Department of Medical Statistics, Epidemiology and Medical Informatics, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ivana Bakija
- Department of Integrative Psychiatry, Psychiatry Hospital “Sveti Ivan”, 10090 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Zora Tomić
- Health Centre of the Croatian Department of Internal Affairs, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Nada Pjevač Keleminić
- Department of Family Medicine, Health Centre Zagreb-Centar, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Antonela Gverović Antunica
- Department of Ophthalmology, General Hospital Dubrovnik, University of Dubrovnik, 20000 Dubrovnik, Croatia
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19
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Liang H, Wu S, Yang D, Huang J, Yao X, Gong J, Qing Z, Tao L, Peng Q. Non-targeted Metabolomics Analysis Reveals Distinct Metabolic Profiles Between Positive and Negative Emotional Tears of Humans: A Preliminary Study. Cureus 2023; 15:e42985. [PMID: 37671209 PMCID: PMC10476548 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.42985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Basal, reflex, and emotional tears differ in chemical components. It is not yet known whether chemical differences exist in tears of different emotions. We investigated the biochemical basis of emotional tears by performing non-targeted metabolomics analyses of positive and negative emotional tears of humans. Methods Samples of reflex, negative, and positive emotional tears were obtained from 12 healthy college participants (11 females and one male). Untargeted metabolomics was performed to identify metabolites in different types of tears. The differentially altered metabolites were screened and assessed using univariate and multivariate analyses. Results The orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis model showed that reflex, negative, and positive emotional tears were clearly separated. A total of 133 significantly differentially expressed metabolites of electrospray ionization source (ESI-) mode were identified between negative and positive emotional tears. The top 50 differentially expressed metabolites between negative and positive emotional tears were highly correlated. Pathway analysis revealed that secretion of negative emotional tears was associated with some synapses in the brain, regulation of a series of endocrine hormones, including the estrogen signaling pathway, and inflammation activities, while secretion of positive emotional tears was correlated with biotin and caffeine metabolism. Conclusions It is indicated that metabolic profiles of reflex, positive, and negative emotional tears of humans are distinct, and secretion of the tears involves distinct biological activities. Therefore, we present a chemical method for detecting human emotions, which may become a powerful tool for the diagnosis of mental diseases and the identification of fake tears.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Liang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine Diagnostics, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, CHN
| | - Songye Wu
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine Diagnostics, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, CHN
| | - Duo Yang
- Ophthalmology Department, Jili Hospital, Liuyang, CHN
| | - Jianhua Huang
- Institute of Herbs, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, CHN
| | - Xiaolei Yao
- Ophthalmology Department, First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, CHN
| | - Jingbo Gong
- Psychiatric Disease Clinical Research Center, Shanghai Changning Mental Health Center, Shanghai, CHN
| | - Zhixing Qing
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, CHN
| | - Lijuan Tao
- Ophthalmology Department, Hunan Children's Hospital, Changsha, CHN
| | - Qinghua Peng
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine Diagnostics, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, CHN
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Taylor Gonzalez DJ, Djulbegovic M, Antonietti M, Cordova M, Dayhoff GW, Mattes R, Galor A, Uversky VN, Karp CL. Intrinsic Disorder in the Human Tear Proteome. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2023; 64:14. [PMID: 37561450 PMCID: PMC10424804 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.64.11.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose We aimed to characterize the proteome of human tears and assess for the presence of intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs). IDPs, despite lacking a rigid three-dimensional structure, maintain biological functionality and could shed light on the molecular interactions within tears. Methods We analyzed a dataset of 1475 proteins identified in the tear film of three healthy subjects. We employed several computational tools, including the Compositional Profiler, Rapid Intrinsic Disorder Analysis Online, Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes, and Database of Disordered Protein Predictors to evaluate the intrinsic disorder, protein interactions, and functional characterization of the disordered regions within this proteome. Results Our analysis showed a notable inclination toward intrinsic disorder. Two out of 10 order-promoting residues and five out of 10 disorder-promoting residues were found enriched. Using the Predictor of Natural Disordered Regions (PONDR) VSL2 output, 95% of these proteins were classified as highly or moderately disordered. We revealed an extensive protein-protein interaction network with significant interaction enrichment. The most disordered proteins exhibited higher disorder binding sites and diverse posttranslational modifications compared to the most ordered ones. Conclusions To the best of our knowledge, our study is the first comprehensive analysis of intrinsic disorder in the human tear film proteome, and it revealed an abundance of IDPs and their role in protein function and interaction networks. These findings suggest that variations in the intrinsic disorder of a tear film could be impacted by systemic and ocular conditions, offering promising avenues for disease biomarker identification and drug target development. Further research is needed to understand the implications of these findings in human health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mak Djulbegovic
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, United States
| | - Michael Antonietti
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, United States
| | - Matthew Cordova
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, United States
| | - Guy W. Dayhoff
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, United States
| | - Robby Mattes
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, United States
| | - Anat Galor
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, United States
- Ophthalmology, Miami Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Miami, Florida, United States
- Research Services, Miami Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Miami, Florida, United States
| | - Vladimir N. Uversky
- Molecular Medicine and USF Health Byrd Alzheimer's Center and Research Institute, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, United States
| | - Carol L. Karp
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, United States
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Resan M, Cvejic Z, Pancevski I, Thumann G, Kropp M, Guber I, Ristic D, Vojvodic D, Pajic B. Interleukin 12 in the Acute Phase of the Immune Response after Excimer Laser Treatment. J Clin Med 2023; 12:4472. [PMID: 37445506 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12134472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES The aim of the research was to investigate the differences in the concentrations of IL-12, IL-4, IL-10, and IFN-γ in tears after LASIK and PRK procedures. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study included 68 myopic eyes up to -3.0 D refractive spherical equivalent, divided into two groups: Group 1 LASIK (n = 31) and Group 2 PRK (n = 37). Three tear samples were taken from each eye: immediately before the procedure (t0), 1 h after the procedure (t1), and 24 h after the procedure (t2). The concentrations of IL-12p70, IL-4, IL-10, and IFN-γ in the tear samples were determined by flow cytometry. Participants were not taking anti-inflammatory therapy 24 h after the procedure. RESULTS IL-4 levels 1 h after treatment did not differ between LASIK and PRK (p = 0.990), while 24 h after PRK there was a significant decrease in IL-4 levels (p < 0.05), but not after LASIK (p = 0.476). In both the LASIK (p < 0.05) and PRK (p < 0.05) groups, there is an increase in IL-10 concentrations 1 h after treatment, which persists 24 h after LASIK (p < 0.05) but not after PRK (p = 0.081). There is an increase in IL-12p70 concentration 1 h after treatment in both the LASIK (p < 0.001) and PRK groups (p < 0.001). There is also an increase in IL-12p70 concentration 24 h after PRK (p < 0.005), but not after LASIK (p = 0.775). CONCLUSIONS IL-4 concentration shows a significantly higher value in the LASIK group than in the PRK group after 24 h. IL-10 and IL-12p70 levels increase one hour after surgery in both groups. After 24 h, the IL-10 levels remain elevated in the LASIK group, and the IL-12p70 levels remain elevated in the PRK group. Thus, LASIK and PRK procedures show different inflammatory dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirko Resan
- Eye Clinic, Military Medical Academy, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
- Faculty of Medicine of the Military Medical Academy, University of Defense, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Zeljka Cvejic
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Igor Pancevski
- Eye Clinic, Military Medical Academy, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
- Faculty of Medicine of the Military Medical Academy, University of Defense, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Gabriele Thumann
- Division of Ophthalmology, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Geneva University Hospitals, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
- Experimental Ophthalmology, University of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Martina Kropp
- Division of Ophthalmology, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Geneva University Hospitals, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
- Experimental Ophthalmology, University of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Ivo Guber
- Division of Ophthalmology, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Geneva University Hospitals, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Dragana Ristic
- Eye Clinic, Military Medical Academy, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
- Faculty of Medicine of the Military Medical Academy, University of Defense, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Danilo Vojvodic
- Faculty of Medicine of the Military Medical Academy, University of Defense, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
- Department for Clinical and Experimental Immunology, Institute for Medical Research, Military Medical Academy, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Bojan Pajic
- Faculty of Medicine of the Military Medical Academy, University of Defense, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
- Division of Ophthalmology, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Geneva University Hospitals, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
- Experimental Ophthalmology, University of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
- Eye Clinic ORASIS, Swiss Eye Research Foundation, 5734 Reinach, Switzerland
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22
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Aljohani S, Jazzar A. Tear Cytokine Levels in Sicca Syndrome-Related Dry Eye: A Meta-Analysis. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:2184. [PMID: 37443578 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13132184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Sjogren's syndrome (SS) is an autoimmune disease that affects exocrine glands, mainly salivary and lacrimal glands. Several studies have investigated cytokine profiles in tears in order to understand the pathogenesis of SS and find additional diagnostic markers. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to analyze cytokines in tears of SS patients. A systematic literature search of the Cochrane, Medline via PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases was conducted using key terms related to "Sjögren's syndrome" and "tears" combined with "biomarker", "cytokines", "interleukin", and "chemokines", following PRISMA guidelines. Article selection was subjected to certain eligibility criteria. A total of 17 articles (from 1998 and 2022) were selected for the quantitative and qualitative analysis. When compared to controls, concentrations of IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-1α, IL-1 Ra, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-17, IL-21 and IL-22 were consistently higher; however, IL-23 was significantly lower in patients with SS compared to the controls. Tear levels of some cytokines were significantly elevated among SS groups compared to control groups. Therefore, these cytokines could be potential biomarkers of SS. However, standardization of sample collection and analytical methods is necessary in order to translate these findings into clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suad Aljohani
- Department of Oral Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 22252, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahoud Jazzar
- Department of Oral Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 22252, Saudi Arabia
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Ayaki M, Torii H, Yotsukura E, Negishi K. Sex differences in the relationship between axial length and dry eye in elderly patients. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1170696. [PMID: 37332767 PMCID: PMC10272811 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1170696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose The aim of this study was to explore the association between myopia and dry eye (DE)-related ocular parameters. Methods We recruited a total of 460 patients (mean age, 73.6 years; 40.2% men) and performed DE-related, axial length (AL) and retinal examinations. Statistical analysis revealed a significant sex difference in AL, strip meniscometry value, corneal staining score, corneal endothelial cell density, ganglion cell complex (GCC) thickness, and full macular thickness. AL was strongly age- and sex-dependent, so subsequent analyses were stratified by sex. Results Among DE-related parameters, strip meniscometry value (ß = -0.167, p = 0.033) and corneal endothelial cell density (ß = -0.139, p = 0.023) were correlated with AL in women but not in men. Regarding retinal parameters, GCC thickness and full macular thickness were correlated with AL in women but not in men. Conclusion The current results suggest a relationship between tear production and AL in elderly women and support the hypothesis that there may be a common upstream factor including the parasympathetic nervous system in the association between tear production and AL or DE and myopia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiko Ayaki
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Otake Eye Clinic, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hidemasa Torii
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Erisa Yotsukura
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuno Negishi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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24
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Rahman S, Youssef Y, Maroun G, Inaty D, Kheil MH, Moawad G. Eyes, menstruation and endometriosis. Facts Views Vis Obgyn 2023; 15:107-113. [PMID: 37436046 PMCID: PMC10410658 DOI: 10.52054/fvvo.15.2.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Vicarious menstruation refers to cyclical bleeding outside the uterine cavity during the menstrual cycle. Haemolacria, or blood in tears, is a rare medical phenomenon that can occur with menstruation or in association with endometriosis. Endometriosis, defined by the presence of endometrial-like tissue in extra-uterine sites, affects around 10% of fertile women; the ocular system is one of the rarest sites it can be present in. Endometriosis usually requires a biopsy for diagnosis, and the anatomic difficulty of obtaining a biopsy of the ocular system makes ocular endometriosis diagnosis more obscure. However, few cases have been described in the literature and due to the psychological, physical, and social implications of haemolacria on the patient, treatment is of utmost importance. We reviewed the literature on ocular endometriosis and ocular vicarious menstruation with the aim to discuss the clinical presentation, necessary workup and various treatment modalities, while also shedding light on the connection between the eyes and endometriosis in general. It is hypothesised that uterine endometrial cells can travel lymphatically or haematogenously and deposit extra-uterine endometriotic lesions that bleed in response to hormonal changes in the menstrual cycle. Additionally, the conjunctival vasculature has been found to be responsive to hormonal changes due to the presence of oestrogen and progesterone receptors, causing bleeding at the corresponding sites, even without endometriotic lesions. Clinical correlation of the haemolacria with the menstrual cycle can suffice for a diagnosis of vicarious menstruation, and thus opens the possibility of treatment to provide symptomatic treatment for the patient.
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Thacker M, Sahoo A, Reddy AA, Bokara KK, Singh S, Basu S, Singh V. Benzalkonium chloride-induced dry eye disease animal models: Current understanding and potential for translational research. Indian J Ophthalmol 2023; 71:1256-1262. [PMID: 37026256 DOI: 10.4103/ijo.ijo_2791_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Dry eye disease (DED) is an emerging health issue affecting people worldwide. There have been rapid advances in the development of novel molecules and targeted therapies for the treatment of DED in the recent past. For testing and optimizing these therapies, it is necessary to have reliable experimental animal models of DED. One such approach is the use of benzalkonium chloride (BAC). Several BAC-induced DED models of rabbits and mice have been described in literature. BAC induces high levels of proinflammatory cytokines in the cornea and conjunctiva, along with epithelial cell apoptosis and reduction of mucins, which leads to tear film instability, thereby successfully simulating human DED. The stability of these models directs whether the treatment is to be applied while BAC is being instilled or after its cessation. In this review, we summarize the previously described BAC animal models of DED and present original data on rabbit DED models created using 0.1%, 0.15%, and 0.2% BAC administration twice daily for two consecutive weeks. The 0.2% BAC model sustained DED signs for 3 weeks, while 0.1% and 0.15% models sustained DED signs for 1-2 weeks after BAC discontinuation. Overall, these models look promising and continue to be used in various studies to investigate the efficacy of therapeutic drugs for DED treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minal Thacker
- Brien Holden Center for Eye Research (BHERC), L V Prasad Eye Institute; Centre for Ocular Regeneration, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Abhishek Sahoo
- Brien Holden Center for Eye Research (BHERC), L V Prasad Eye Institute; Centre for Ocular Regeneration, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - A Aniruth Reddy
- Brien Holden Center for Eye Research (BHERC), L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Kiran K Bokara
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Swati Singh
- Brien Holden Center for Eye Research (BHERC), L V Prasad Eye Institute; Ophthalmic Plastic Surgery Services, LV Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Sayan Basu
- Brien Holden Center for Eye Research (BHERC), L V Prasad Eye Institute; The Cornea Institute, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Vivek Singh
- Brien Holden Center for Eye Research (BHERC), L V Prasad Eye Institute; Centre for Ocular Regeneration, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
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Roy NS, Wei Y, Ying GS, Maguire MG, Asbell PA. Association of Tear Cytokine Concentrations with Symptoms and Signs of Dry Eye Disease: Baseline Data from the Dry Eye Assessment and Management (DREAM) Study. Curr Eye Res 2023; 48:339-347. [PMID: 36632643 PMCID: PMC10252992 DOI: 10.1080/02713683.2022.2162088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To describe tear concentrations of IL-1β, Il-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-17A, IFNγ and TNFα in tears, collected by microcapillaries, and their correlation with symptoms and signs in subjects with dry eye disease (DED) in the DREAM Study. METHODS Cytokine levels of patients with moderate to severe DED were determined using a magnetic bead assay. Scores for Ocular Surface Disease Index, corneal and conjunctival staining, tear break-up time (TBUT), and Schirmer's test were obtained using standardized procedures. Associations of cytokines with each other and signs/symptoms were assessed with Spearman correlation coefficients (r). RESULTS Assay results from 131 patient samples from 10 sites with tear volumes ≥ 4 ul were analyzed. Cytokine concentrations did not correlate with each other in a generally acknowledged pro-inflammatory/anti-inflammatory pattern, such as proinflammatory IL-17A and IFNγ were not inversely correlated to anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10, and cytokines did not correlate with DED symptoms. Lower corneal staining was correlated with higher concentrations of IL-17A (r= -0.24, p = 0.006), IL-10 (r= -0.25, p = 0.005) and IFNγ (r= -0.33, p = 0.0001). Higher concentrations of IFNγ were associated with lower conjunctival staining (r= -0.18, p = 0.03). Higher concentrations of IL-17A were associated with higher TBUT scores (r = 0.19 p = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS Cytokines IL-10, IL-17A and IFNγ were highly correlated with each other but weakly correlated with some DED signs. No key cytokines or definitive expression patterns were identified in this study of moderate to severe DED patients. Further studies addressing various biases, including methodological and sampling biases, and standardization of methodology for inter-laboratory consistency are needed to confirm and establish pathological and clinical relevance of tear cytokines in DED.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neeta S Roy
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hamilton Eye Institute, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Yi Wei
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hamilton Eye Institute, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Gui-Shuang Ying
- Department of Ophthalmology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Maureen G Maguire
- Department of Ophthalmology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Penny A Asbell
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hamilton Eye Institute, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
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Singh S, Basu S. 5-Fluorouracil as a targeted lacrimal gland therapy for chronic Stevens-Johnson syndrome: A pilot study. Indian J Ophthalmol 2023; 71:1626-1629. [PMID: 37026313 DOI: 10.4103/ijo.ijo_2647_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose The surgical technique of periglandular 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) injection and its effects on the morphology and function of the main lacrimal gland of patients with severe dry eye disease due to Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) are reported. Methods 5-FU, as a potential antifibrotic agent, is given in the dose of 0.1 ml (50 mg/ml), subconjunctivally into the periglandular fibrosed area of the palpebral lobe of the main lacrimal gland. The injection is given using 30G needle into the subconjunctival plane and not into the substance of palpebral lobe. Results Eight eyes (eight lobes) of seven chronic SJS patients (mean age, 32.5 years, <5 mm Schirmer) received the injection. All eight lobes demonstrated a visible reduction in the conjunctival congestion and scarring over the lobar area. The mean OSDI scoring improved from 65.3 to 51.1. Three patients with mean pre-injection Schirmer I values of 4 mm showed a mean change of 1 mm at four weeks following a single injection. The tear flow rate per lobe for the above three patients improved from 0.22, 0.12, and 0.16 μl/min to 0.31, 0.12, and 0.21 μl/min, respectively. Another patient with pre-injection Schirmer of 4 mm showed no change in tear flow. Three eyes with zero baseline Schirmer values (no visible secretory opening) had no improvement in tearing or ocular surface staining. Conclusion Local 5-FU injection alters morphology of the conjunctiva overlying the palpebral lobe in SJS patients, but fails to show any significant effect on tear secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swati Singh
- Center for Ocular Regeneration (CORE); Brien Holden Center for Eye Research (BHERC), L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Sayan Basu
- Brien Holden Center for Eye Research (BHERC); The Cornea Institute, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
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Wu M, Hu X, Lu T, Liu C, Lu H. Uric acid is independently associated with interleukin‐1β levels in tear fluid of hyperuricemia and gout patients. Immun Inflamm Dis 2023; 11:e805. [PMID: 36988248 PMCID: PMC10022423 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives To explore pro‐inflammatory cytokines status in the tear fluid of patients with hyperuricemia and gout and its association with uric acid level. Methods A total of 58 control subjects, 58 hyperuricemia patients including 40 asymptomatic hyperuricemia and 18 gout participants were recruited in this study. For tear analysis, each patient's tears were collected using capillary action microcaps after stimulation. Tear uric acid levels were measured using chemiluminescence. Tear and serum interleukin‐1beta (IL‐1β) and tumor necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF‐α) levels were measured using enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. The correlation of serum and tear uric acid levels with IL‐1β and TNF‐α were determined. Results Tear uric acid levels were significantly higher in hyperuricemia group (98.2 ± 51.5 vs. 42.7 ± 24.0 µmol/L, p < .001) than in controls group. IL‐1β concentrations were significantly higher in hyperuricemia eyes compared to control eyes (210.2 ± 113.9 vs. 142.6 ± 29.8 pg/mL, p < .001). Multiple linear regression analysis showed that tear uric acid levels were independently positively associated with tear IL‐1β concentrations (B = 0.192, p < .001). However, no significant correlations were found between serum or tear uric acid and TNF‐α level. Moreover, there were no statistically differences of tear IL‐1β and TNF‐α levels between the asymptomatic hyperuricemia and gout groups. Conclusions Tear uric acid levels were higher in patients with hyperuricemia and gout than in controls. There was a significant positive correlation between tear uric acid value and tear IL‐1β level, implying an interaction between hyperuricemia and ocular inflammation responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mian Wu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversitySuzhou Municipal HospitalSuzhouChina
| | - Xingna Hu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversitySuzhou Municipal HospitalSuzhouChina
| | - Ting Lu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversitySuzhou Municipal HospitalSuzhouChina
| | - Chenxiao Liu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversitySuzhou Municipal HospitalSuzhouChina
| | - Honghong Lu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversitySuzhou Municipal HospitalSuzhouChina
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Abstract
AIM To enquire whether patients with dry eye symptoms also report dry skin, whether their perception could be corroborated with objective measurement, and whether dry eye disease might be suspected based on patients' complaints. METHODS This cross-sectional study included 50 subjects, 25 with and 25 without dry eye symptoms. Schein questionnaire was used to determine the severity of dry eye symptoms. Ocular signs were assessed by monitoring conjunctival hyperemia, ocular surface staining, meibomian gland expression, tear film lipid layer thickness, tear break-up time, lid parallel conjunctival folds, Schirmer test, and meibometry. Skin dryness was assessed by noting patients' self-perception of their facial skin dryness and measured by sebumeter. RESULTS Subjects without dry eye symptoms had self-reported oilier facial skin than those with dry eye symptoms (p < .001). Sebumetry scores measured on the forehead and cheek were significantly higher in subjects without dry eye symptoms than dry eye subjects (p = .003). After adjustment for age and gender in a logistic regression analysis, dry eye was independently and significantly associated with dry skin (AOR 0.69, p = .040), higher LIPCOF score of both eyes (AOR 2.28, p = .028), lower sebumetry score of the forehead (AOR 0.98, p = .041) and cheek (AOR 0.98, p = .041), and shorter TBUT score after gland expression (AOR 0.90, p = .018). CONCLUSION This study showed that ocular dryness was subjectively and objectively positively correlated to facial skin dryness. Patients reliably described their skin condition. People with dry facial skin also had drier eyes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Petriček
- Department of Ophthalmology, Zagreb University Hospital Centre, Zagreb, Croatia.,School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Sania Vidas Pauk
- Department of Ophthalmology, Zagreb University Hospital Centre, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Martina Tomić
- Department of Ophthalmology, Vuk Vrhovac University Clinic, Merkur University Hospital, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Tomislav Bulum
- School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia.,Department of Endocrinology, Vuk Vrhovac University Clinic for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Merkur University Hospital, Zagreb, Croatia
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Venugopal R, Sharma N, Sen S, Mohanty S, Kashyap S, Agarwal T, Kaur J, Vajpayee RB. Prognostic significance of matrix metalloproteinase 9 in COMET operated chronic ocular Stevens-Johnson syndrome. Br J Ophthalmol 2023; 107:187-194. [PMID: 34362775 DOI: 10.1136/bjophthalmol-2021-319302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Molecular pathogenesis underlying persistent ocular surface inflammation in chronic Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) still remains largely unexplored. The present study investigates the expression of matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP2), MMP3, MMP9, MMP11 and TIMP1 (tissue inhibittor of matrix metalloproteinase 1) in pannus tissues of chronic ocular SJS undergoing cultivated oral mucosal epithelial transplantation (COMET) and their prognostic relevance. METHODS In this prospective study, 45 eyes with chronic SJS underwent COMET for visual and anatomical rehabilitation. Preoperative and postoperative clinical parameters were documented. MMP2, MMP3, MMP9, MMP11 and TIMP1 expression were assessed using immunohistochemistry and quantitative real time PCR. Inflammadry MMP9 assay was performed at 1-year follow-up. Kaplan-Meier curves and Cox proportional hazard models were used to correlate protein expression with clinicopathological parameters and COMET graft survival outcomes. RESULTS MMP9 and MMP11 positivity was seen in both pannus epithelia (48% and 55%, respectively) and in stromal layer (57% and 33%, respectively) while MMP2 and MMP3 showed only pannus epithelial positivity in 35% and 51% cases, respectively. High MMP9 stromal expression was significantly associated with preoperative corneal keratinisation (p=0.011), conjunctival hyperaemia (p=0.014), symblepharon (p=0.028). High MMP9 and MMP3 epithelial expression were found to be independent risk factors for poor best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) outcomes post-COMET (p=0.022 and p=0.048). Multivariate analysis revealed MMP9 to be the best prognostic marker (p=0.050). CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that differential expression of MMPs and TIMP1 is seen in SJS in chronic stage. Emergence of MMP9 as a poor prognostic predictor of BCVA post COMET and postoperative MMP9 immunoassay positivity could be a useful tool in further studies to understand the unresolved ocular surface inflammation seen in SJS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renu Venugopal
- Ophthalmology, Dr Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Namrata Sharma
- Ophthalmology, Dr Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Seema Sen
- Ocular Pathology, Dr Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Sujata Mohanty
- Stem Cell Facility, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Seema Kashyap
- Ocular Pathology, Dr Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Tushar Agarwal
- Ophthalmology, Dr Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Jasbir Kaur
- Ocular Biochemistry, Dr Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, Delhi, India
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Khorrami Kashi A, Keilani C, Nguyen TH, Keller P, Elahi S, Piaton JM. Dacryolithiasis diagnosis and treatment: a 25-year experience using nasal endoscopy. Br J Ophthalmol 2023; 107:289-294. [PMID: 34561218 DOI: 10.1136/bjophthalmol-2021-319671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dacryolith-induced epiphora is caused by a chronic obstruction of the nasolacrimal duct whose aetiology is often specified peroperatively. Dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR) has been often regarded as the gold standard to treat dacryolithiasis. Hasner's valve (HV) incision is a technique to evacuate lithiasis through its physiological track. The purpose of this study was to describe clinical and radiological findings associated with presence of dacryoliths in patients who underwent surgery and to assess the efficacy of these two procedures. METHODS This study was a comparative interventional multicentric retrospective study including patients referred for an epiphora. The primary endpoint was to determine clinical and endoscopic findings associated with dacryoliths. The secondary endpoints were to evaluate the performance of CT dacryocystography (CT-DG) in the diagnosis of dacryoliths and the success rate of the surgical treatment 6 months postoperatively. RESULTS 4677 nasolacrimal ducts (NLDs) (78.0% female, mean age 59.2) were included in the study. 3913 underwent DCR, and 764 underwent HV incision. 291 out of 4677 NLDs (6.2%) were found to have dacryoliths. Presence of mucocele associated to a permeable lacrimal system (OR 8.17 (95% 4.62 to 14.44), p<0.01) was associated with presence of lithiasis peroperatively. Success rates at 6 months were 95.6% for endonasal DCR and 94.6% for incision of HV in dacryolithiasis group (p<0.01). CT-DG had a negative predictive value of 96.3% to detect lithiasis (p<0.01). CONCLUSION Strong clinical and endoscopic findings may improve the imputability of dacryoliths in epiphora. Evacuation of dacryolithiasis through its physiological track was first described in this study in adults with similar results to DCR in patients presenting with dacryolithiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis Khorrami Kashi
- Department IV, Endoscopic Endonasal Surgery and Oculoplastic Division, National Hospital Centre for Ophthalmology Quinze-Vingts, Paris 75012, France
| | - Chafik Keilani
- Department II of Ophthalmology, National Hospital Centre for Ophthalmology Quinze-Vingts, Paris 75012, France
| | - Thien-Huong Nguyen
- Department of Neuro-Imaging, National Hospital Centre for Ophthalmology Quinze-Vingts, Paris 75012, France
| | - Pierre Keller
- Department IV, Endoscopic Endonasal Surgery and Oculoplastic Division, National Hospital Centre for Ophthalmology Quinze-Vingts, Paris 75012, France
| | - Sina Elahi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Fondation Rothschild, Paris 75019, France
| | - Jean-Marie Piaton
- Department IV, Endoscopic Endonasal Surgery and Oculoplastic Division, National Hospital Centre for Ophthalmology Quinze-Vingts, Paris 75012, France
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32
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Gharbiya M, Visioli G, Trebbastoni A, Albanese GM, Colardo M, D’Antonio F, Segatto M, Lambiase A. Beta-Amyloid Peptide in Tears: An Early Diagnostic Marker of Alzheimer's Disease Correlated with Choroidal Thickness. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032590. [PMID: 36768913 PMCID: PMC9917300 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
We aimed to evaluate the diagnostic role of Alzheimer's disease (AD) biomarkers in tears as well as their association with retinal and choroidal microstructures. In a cross-sectional study, 35 subjects (age 71.7 ± 6.9 years) were included: 11 with prodromal AD (MCI), 10 with mild-to-moderate AD, and 14 healthy controls. The diagnosis of AD and MCI was confirmed according to a complete neuropsychological evaluation and PET or MRI imaging. After tear sample collection, β-amyloid peptide Aβ1-42 concentration was analyzed using ELISA, whereas C-terminal fragments of the amyloid precursor protein (APP-CTF) and phosphorylated tau (p-tau) were assessed by Western blot. Retinal layers and choroidal thickness (CT) were acquired by spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT). Aβ1-42 levels in tears were able to detect both MCI and AD patients with a specificity of 93% and a sensitivity of 81% (AUC = 0.91). Tear levels of Aβ1-42 were lower, both in the MCI (p < 0.01) and in the AD group (p < 0.001) when compared to healthy controls. Further, Aβ1-42 was correlated with psychometric scores (p < 0.001) and CT (p < 0.01). CT was thinner in the affected patients (p = 0.035). No differences were observed for APP-CTF and p-tau relative abundance in tears. Testing Aβ1-42 levels in tears seems to be a minimally invasive, cost-saving method for early detection and diagnosis of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magda Gharbiya
- Department of Sense Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, 155, Viale del Policlinico, 00161 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-06-49975389; Fax: +39-06-49975388
| | - Giacomo Visioli
- Department of Sense Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, 155, Viale del Policlinico, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | | | - Giuseppe Maria Albanese
- Department of Sense Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, 155, Viale del Policlinico, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Mayra Colardo
- Department of Biosciences and Territory, University of Molise, 86100 Campobasso, Italy
| | - Fabrizia D’Antonio
- Department of Human Neurosciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Segatto
- Department of Biosciences and Territory, University of Molise, 86100 Campobasso, Italy
| | - Alessandro Lambiase
- Department of Sense Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, 155, Viale del Policlinico, 00161 Rome, Italy
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Migliorini F, Vecchio G, Giorgino R, Eschweiler J, Hildebrand F, Maffulli N. Micro RNA in meniscal ailments: current concepts. Br Med Bull 2023; 145:141-150. [PMID: 36721952 DOI: 10.1093/bmb/ldac039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Revised: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Micro RNAs (miRNAs) are short non-coding RNAs that act primarily in posttranscriptional gene silencing, and are attracting increasing interest in musculoskeletal conditions. SOURCE OF DATA Current scientific literature published in PubMed, Google Scholar, Embase and Web of Science databases. AREAS OF AGREEMENT Recently, the potential of miRNAs as biomarkers for diagnosis and treatment of meniscal injuries has been postulated. AREAS OF CONTROVERSY Evaluation of the role of miRNAs in patients with meniscal tears is still controversial. GROWING POINTS A systematic review was conducted to investigate the potential of miRNA in the diagnosis and management of meniscal damage. AREAS TIMELY FOR DEVELOPING RESEARCH Intra-articular injection of microRNA-210 in vivo may represent a potential innovative methodology for the management of meniscal injuries. Characterization of the miRNAs expression in the synovial fluid could lead to the development of better early diagnosis and management strategies for meniscal tears.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filippo Migliorini
- Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, RWTH University Hospital Aachen, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Gianluca Vecchio
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, Baronissi 84081, Italy
| | - Riccardo Giorgino
- Department of Orthopedics, IRCCS Orthopaedic Institute Galeazzi, Milano 20161, Italy
| | - Jörg Eschweiler
- Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, RWTH University Hospital Aachen, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Frank Hildebrand
- Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, RWTH University Hospital Aachen, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Nicola Maffulli
- Department of Orthopedics, IRCCS Orthopaedic Institute Galeazzi, Milano 20161, Italy.,Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Centre for Sports and Exercise Medicine, Mile End Hospital, Queen Mary University of London, 275 Bancroft Road, London E1 4DG, UK.,School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Keele University Faculty of Medicine, Thornburrow Drive, Stoke on Trent ST4 7QB, UK
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Walker MK, Bailey LS, Basso KB, Redfern RR. Nonpolar Lipids Contribute to Midday Fogging During Scleral Lens Wear. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2023; 64:7. [PMID: 36630141 PMCID: PMC9840443 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.64.1.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose To determine correlations between lipids in the fluid reservoir (FR) and the severity of midday fogging (MDF) in scleral lens (SL) wear. Methods SL neophytes were recruited to wear custom SL for 4 days, examined after 8 hours on days 1 and 4. Lens vault and MDF were quantified from anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT), and the FR was collected and analyzed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Relative abundance of lipids was compared to MDF scores using nonparametric correlation testing (Spearman rank). Ocular surface and SL fitting characteristics (lens vault, fitting curves) were likewise compared to MDF. Results Thirteen participants (26 eyes, 69% female, 28 ± 9 years old) were included in this study. MDF severity after 8 hours of SL wear was 33 ± 29 units on day 1 and 28 ± 24 units on day 4 (r = .94; P < 0.01). Twelve samples were analyzed using LC-MS/MS, and a total of 170 distinct lipid species were detected. The lipid classes with greatest correlation to MDF were the wax esters (r = .73, P = 0.01), cholesteryl esters (r = .59; P = 0.049), and triacylglycerols (r = .64, P = 0.03). Polar lipids were observed abundantly in all samples. None of the measured ocular surface or fitting outcomes were correlated to MDF. Conclusions Nonpolar lipids were the greatest contributors to MDF among these normal participants. Polar lipids may be due to cellular debris, although they do not appear contributory to MDF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria K. Walker
- College of Optometry, The Ocular Surface Institute, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, United States
| | - Laura S. Bailey
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States
| | - Kari B. Basso
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States
| | - Rachel R. Redfern
- College of Optometry, The Ocular Surface Institute, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, United States
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35
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Neroev VV, Chesnokova NB, Neroeva NV, Beznos OV, Pavlenko TA, Okhotsimskaya TD, Utkina OA. [Pathogenetic role of multifunctional protein alpha-2-macroglobulin and its activity in tears and serum in age-related macular degeneration and proliferative diabetic retinopathy]. Vestn Oftalmol 2023; 139:26-32. [PMID: 38235627 DOI: 10.17116/oftalma202313906126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Alpha-2-macroglobulin (α2-MG) is a multifunctional protein involved in neurodegeneration, inflammation and neovascularization, which are key processes in the pathogenesis of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR). AMD and PDR are two of the main causes of vision loss and blindness, are difficult to treat, and are generally diagnosed at the stage of irreversible changes. PURPOSE This study estimates the activity of α2-MG in the blood serum and tears of patients with AMD and PDR in order to reveal the relation of its levels with the intensity of the pathological process in the retina. MATERIAL AND METHODS The study included 17 patients (34 eyes) with AMD, 15 patients (30 eyes) with PDR, and 15 healthy adults (30 eyes) of the similar age. The activity of α2-MG in serum and tears was measured enzymatically using the specific substrate N-benzoyl-DL-arginine-p-nitroanilide (BAPNA). RESULTS The activity of α2-MG in tears of patients with AMD was on the average 3.5 times higher than in healthy controls, and in patients with PDR - 1.5 times higher. Patients with AMD at the submacular fibrosis stage showed decreased α2-MG activity in tears. The activity of α2-MG in serum of patients with AMD and PDR was on the average 25% higher than in healthy persons. No correlation was revealed between serum and tear levels of α2-MG activity. CONCLUSION This study revealed for the first time that in AMD and PDR the activity of α2-MG in tears is increased, and that in AMD the increase is higher than in PDR. An increase of α2-MG activity in serum confirms the presence of systemic inflammation. Absence of correlation between the serum and tear activity of α2-MG confirms its local origin. The high level of α2-MG activity in tears reflects the presence of an active destructive process in the retina, justifying its further investigation as a predictor of AMD and PDR course, as well as an indicator of therapy effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- V V Neroev
- Helmholtz National Medical Research Center of Eye Diseases, Moscow, Russia
| | - N B Chesnokova
- Helmholtz National Medical Research Center of Eye Diseases, Moscow, Russia
| | - N V Neroeva
- Helmholtz National Medical Research Center of Eye Diseases, Moscow, Russia
| | - O V Beznos
- Helmholtz National Medical Research Center of Eye Diseases, Moscow, Russia
| | - T A Pavlenko
- Helmholtz National Medical Research Center of Eye Diseases, Moscow, Russia
| | - T D Okhotsimskaya
- Helmholtz National Medical Research Center of Eye Diseases, Moscow, Russia
| | - O A Utkina
- Helmholtz National Medical Research Center of Eye Diseases, Moscow, Russia
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36
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Seibt B, Zickfeld JH, Østby N. Global heart warming: kama muta evoked by climate change messages is associated with intentions to mitigate climate change. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1112910. [PMID: 37187559 PMCID: PMC10175856 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1112910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Concern about climate change is often rooted in sympathy, compassion, and care for nature, living beings, and future generations. Feeling sympathy for others temporarily forms a bond between them and us: we focus on what we have in common and feel a sense of common destiny. Thus, we temporarily experience communal sharing relationships. A sudden intensification in communal sharing evokes an emotion termed kama muta, which may be felt through tearing up, a warm feeling in the chest, or goosebumps. We conducted four pre-registered studies (n = 1,049) to test the relationship between kama muta and pro-environmental attitudes, intentions, and behavior. In each study, participants first reported their attitudes about climate change. Then, they received climate change-related messages. In Study 1, they saw one of the two moving video clips about environmental concerns. In Study 2, participants listened to a more or less moving version of a story about a typhoon in the Philippines. In Study 3, they listened to a different, also moving version of this story or an unrelated talk. In Study 4, they watched either a factual or a moving video about climate change. Participants then indicated their emotional responses. Finally, they indicated their intentions for climate mitigation actions. In addition, we measured time spent reading about climate-related information (Studies 1, 2, and 4) and donating money (Study 4). Across all studies, we found that feelings of kama muta correlated positively with pro-environmental intentions (r = 0.48 [0.34, 0.62]) and behavior (r = 0.10 [0.0004, 0.20]). However, we did not obtain evidence for an experimental effect of the type of message (moving or neutral) on pro-environmental intentions (d = 0.04 [-0.09, 0.18]), though this relationship was significantly mediated by felt kama muta across Studies 2-4. The relationship was not moderated by prior climate attitudes, which had a main effect on intentions. We also found an indirect effect of condition through kama muta on donation behavior. In sum, our results contribute to the question of whether kama muta evoked by climate-change messages can be a motivating force in efforts at climate-change mitigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beate Seibt
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Centro de Investigação e Intervenção Social (CIS-IUL), Instituto Universitário de Lisboa (ISCTE-IUL), Lisboa, Portugal
- *Correspondence: Beate Seibt,
| | | | - Nora Østby
- Institutt for Psykologi, Pedagogikk og Juss, Kristiania University College, Oslo, Norway
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Chen Z, Jia Y, Xiao Y, Lin Q, Qian Y, Xiang Z, Cui L, Qin X, Chen S, Yang C, Zou H. Microbiological Characteristics of Ocular Surface Associated With Dry Eye in Children and Adolescents With Diabetes Mellitus. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2022; 63:20. [PMID: 36538004 PMCID: PMC9769747 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.63.13.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To analyze the characteristics of ocular surface microbial composition in children and adolescents with diabetes mellitus and dry eye (DE) by tear analysis. Methods We selected 65 children and adolescents aged 8 to 16 years with DE and non-DE diabetes mellitus and 33 healthy children in the same age group from the Shanghai Children and Adolescent Diabetes Eye Study. Tears were collected for high-throughput sequencing of the V3 and V4 region of 16S rRNA. The ocular surface microbiota in diabetic DE (DM-DE; n = 31), diabetic with non-DE (DM-NDE; n = 34), and healthy (NDM; n = 33) groups were studied. QIIME2 software was used to analyze the microbiota of each group. Results The DM-DE group had the highest amplicon sequence variants, and the differences in α-diversity and β-diversity of micro-organisms in the ocular surfaces of DM-DE, diabetic with non-DE, and healthy eyes were statistically significant (P < 0.05). Bacteroidetes (15.6%), Tenericutes (9.3%), Firmicutes (21.8%), and Lactococcus (7.9%), Bacteroides (7.8%), Acinetobacter (3.9%), Clostridium (0.8%), Lactobacillus (0.8%) and Streptococcus (0.2%) were the specific phyla and genera, respectively, in the DM-DE group. Conclusions Compared with the patients with non-DE and healthy children, the microbial diversity of the ocular surface in children and adolescents with diabetes mellitus and DE was higher with unique bacterial phyla and genera composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhangling Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Songjiang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (Preparatory Stage), Shanghai, China,Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Jia
- Department of Ophthalmology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Xiao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiurong Lin
- Shanghai Eye Diseases Prevention & Treatment Center/Shanghai Eye Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Qian
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhaoyu Xiang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lipu Cui
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinran Qin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuli Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chenhao Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Haidong Zou
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Shanghai, China,Shanghai Eye Diseases Prevention & Treatment Center/Shanghai Eye Hospital, Shanghai, China,Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Fundus Diseases, Shanghai, China,National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Shanghai, China,Shanghai Engineering Center for Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Eye Diseases, Shanghai, China
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Buzzi M, Giannaccare G, Cennamo M, Bernabei F, Rothschild PR, Vagge A, Scorcia V, Mencucci R. Ocular Surface Features in Patients with Parkinson Disease on and off Treatment: A Narrative Review. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12122141. [PMID: 36556506 PMCID: PMC9783883 DOI: 10.3390/life12122141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Revised: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson disease (PD) is a progressive, neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system. Visual disturbance is one of the most frequent nonmotor abnormalities referred to by patients suffering from PD at early stages. Furthermore, ocular surface alterations including mainly dry eye and blink reduction represent another common finding in patients with PD. Tears of PD patients show specific alterations related to protein composition, and in vivo confocal microscopy has demonstrated profound changes in different corneal layers in this setting. These changes can be attributed not only to the disease itself, but also to the medications used for its management. In particular, signs of corneal toxicity, both at epithelial and endothelial level, are well described in the literature in PD patients receiving amantadine. Management of PD patients from the ophthalmologist's side requires knowledge of the common, but often underdiagnosed, ocular surface alterations as well as of the signs of drug toxicity. Furthermore, ocular surface biomarkers can be useful for the early diagnosis of PD as well as for monitoring the degree of neural degeneration over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matilde Buzzi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, 20072 Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Giannaccare
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Magna Græcia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Michela Cennamo
- Eye Clinic, Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Pharmacology and Child Health, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Federico Bernabei
- Service d’Ophtalmologie, Ophtalmopôle de Paris, Hôpital Cochin, AP-HP, F-75014 Paris, France
| | | | - Aldo Vagge
- Eye Clinic of Genoa, Policlinico San Martino, Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DiNOGMI), University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Scorcia
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Magna Græcia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Rita Mencucci
- Eye Clinic, Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Pharmacology and Child Health, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy
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García-Onrubia L, Mateos Olivares M, García-Vázquez C, Enríquez-de-Salamanca A, Cocho L, Herreras Cantalapiedra JM. Tear and Plasma Levels of Cytokines in Patients with Uveitis: Search for Active Disease Biomarkers. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11237034. [PMID: 36498608 PMCID: PMC9739309 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11237034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Uveitis accounts for up to 20% of blindness in Europe, making the development of new non-invasive biomarkers which could help in its management a field of interest. It has been hypothesised that tear levels of cytokines and chemokines could be used as a potential biomarker in patients with anterior uveitis, and this could be correlated with their concentration in plasma. Therefore, we measured twelve cytokines/chemokines in tear and plasma samples of 22 patients diagnosed with active anterior uveitis. Levels of these molecules in tears and plasma were compared and associated with the degree of activity of the uveitis. It is notable that the percentage of tear interleukin (IL)-6 detection was significantly reduced in the inactive phase (p < 0.05). However, the tear concentration in epidermal growth factor (EGF), fractalkine, IL-8, IL-1RA, interferon-inducible protein (IP)-10/CXCL10, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and IL-6, comparing the active and inactive period, was not statistically different. Apart from the tear VEGF levels, the cytokine/chemokine concentration in tears in the active/inactive phase was statistically different (p < 0.05) from the counterpart levels in plasma. In conclusion, no isolated cytokine/chemokine in the tears has been found in a concentration which could be used as a potential biomarker of disease activity and treatment response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis García-Onrubia
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Avda Ramón y Cajal 3, 47003 Valladolid, Spain
- IOBA (Institute of Applied Ophthalmo Biology), Universidad de Valladolid, Paseo de Belén 17, 47011 Valladolid, Spain
- Correspondence:
| | - Milagros Mateos Olivares
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Avda Ramón y Cajal 3, 47003 Valladolid, Spain
- IOBA (Institute of Applied Ophthalmo Biology), Universidad de Valladolid, Paseo de Belén 17, 47011 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Carmen García-Vázquez
- IOBA (Institute of Applied Ophthalmo Biology), Universidad de Valladolid, Paseo de Belén 17, 47011 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Amalia Enríquez-de-Salamanca
- IOBA (Institute of Applied Ophthalmo Biology), Universidad de Valladolid, Paseo de Belén 17, 47011 Valladolid, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Lidia Cocho
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Avda Ramón y Cajal 3, 47003 Valladolid, Spain
- IOBA (Institute of Applied Ophthalmo Biology), Universidad de Valladolid, Paseo de Belén 17, 47011 Valladolid, Spain
| | - José María Herreras Cantalapiedra
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Avda Ramón y Cajal 3, 47003 Valladolid, Spain
- IOBA (Institute of Applied Ophthalmo Biology), Universidad de Valladolid, Paseo de Belén 17, 47011 Valladolid, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain
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Sabage LE, Sun YJ, Wolf J, Sabage J, Mazzo A, Santos CF, Mahajan VB, Manzoni Lourençone LF. Conjunctival Swabs Reveal Higher Detection Rate Compared to Schirmer Strips for SARS-CoV-2 RNA Detection in Tears of Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients. J Clin Med 2022; 11. [PMID: 36498504 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11236929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: To determine the prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 in tear samples and to investigate whether it correlates with ocular findings and patients’ prognosis in Brazil. Methods: Tears were collected using Schirmer strips (SS) and conjunctival swabs (CS) from patients hospitalized with laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection. Samples were analyzed using qRT-PCR. Demographic and clinical data, ocular symptoms, and Schirmer tests (ST) were collected from patients. Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) was used to rate comorbidities, and patients were monitored until hospital discharge or death. Results: There were 61 hospitalized patients, 33 of which were diagnosed with COVID-19. Within the confirmed COVID-19 patients, SARS-CoV-2 was detected in 18.2% (n = 6) of CS and 12.1% (n = 4) of SS samples. Subjective and objective parameters for dry eye syndrome (e.g., ST COVID-19: 8.3 ± 6.4mm, non-COVID-19: 8.9 ± 6.6mm, p > 0.05) were comparable between COVID-19 (n = 33) and non-COVID-19 patients (n = 28). Among the 16 COVID-19 patients exhibiting ocular symptoms, only tearing was reported significantly more frequently when tear samples were positive for SARS-CoV-2 (p < 0.05). Strikingly, patients whose tears tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 had significantly inferior CCI (pos.: 34.0 ± 31.8%, neg.: 67.6 ± 36.4%, p < 0.05) and higher mortality rates (pos.: 50.0%, neg.: 7.4%, p < 0.01). Conclusions: SARS-CoV-2 was detected with a prevalence of 18.2% on the ocular surface. Decreased CCI and increased mortality rate in the positive tear group suggests that viral detection may relate to prognosis and highlight the need of personal protective measures for healthcare professionals. Most of the patients, regardless of COVID-19 diagnosis, had low tear production and eye discomfort, possibly pointing to the need for artificial tear use during hospitalization.
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Pucker AD, Ngo W, Postnikoff CK, Fortinberry H, Nichols JJ. Tear Film miRNAs and Their Association With Human Dry Eye Disease. Curr Eye Res 2022; 47:1479-1487. [PMID: 35930289 PMCID: PMC9762462 DOI: 10.1080/02713683.2022.2110597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE miRNAs can regulate inflammatory pathways. The purpose of this work was to determine if inflammatory-related tear film miRNAs are associated with extracellular vesicles (EVs) in human non-Sjögren's Syndrome dry eye disease (DED) participants. METHODS Five DED and 5 non-DED human participants were recruited. Tears samples were collected by washing the ocular surface of both eyes with phosphate buffered saline, pooling samples from the right and left eyes, and purifying EVs from the samples with a polyethylene glycol (PEG) 8000 precipitation procedure. Samples were directly analyzed via ELISA or transmission electron microscopy (TEM), or RNA was isolated first from the EVs and evaluated with RNA-Seq. RESULTS EVs were identified in the tear film of both groups using TEM and ELISA. Following EV purification and RNA isolation, RNA-Seq determined that there were 126 EV miRNAs differentially expressed between the two groups when comparing their RNA cargoes. Ingenuity Pathways Analysis found 9 upregulated miRNAs that were associated with inflammation (miR-127-5p, miR-1273h-3p, miR-1288-5p, miR-130b-5p, miR-139-3p, miR-1910-5p, miR-203b-5p, miR-22-5p, and miR-4632-3p; all p < 0.049; fold regulation range = 1.43-1.67). CONCLUSION This study determined that EVs are present in the tear film and that tear EVs contain miRNAs that may be associated with DED inflammatory pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew D Pucker
- School of Optometry, Department of Optometry and Vision Science, University of Alabama at Birmingham
| | - William Ngo
- School of Optometry, Department of Optometry and Vision Science, University of Alabama at Birmingham
| | - Cameron K Postnikoff
- School of Optometry, Department of Optometry and Vision Science, University of Alabama at Birmingham
| | - Henry Fortinberry
- School of Optometry, Department of Optometry and Vision Science, University of Alabama at Birmingham
| | - Jason J Nichols
- School of Optometry, Department of Optometry and Vision Science, University of Alabama at Birmingham
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Girshevitz O, Cohen-Sinai N, Zahavi A, Vardizer Y, Fixler D, Goldenberg-Cohen N. Trace Elements in Tears: Comparison of Rural and Urban Populations Using Particle Induced X-ray Emission. J Pers Med 2022; 12:jpm12101633. [PMID: 36294772 PMCID: PMC9605629 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12101633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
We aimed to evaluate the types and concentrations of trace elements in tears of individuals living in urban and rural environments using particle induced X-ray emission (PIXE) and the possible association with exposure to air pollution and suggest a novel method for tear-based biomonitoring studies. This cross-sectional pilot study comprised 42 healthy subjects, 28 living in a rural area and 14 in an industrial city. Tears were collected with Schirmer paper and characterized by PIXE. Trace element concentrations from both eyes were averaged together with environmental pollution data. Main outcome measures were between-group differences in types and concentrations of trace elements in tears and comparison to environmental data. The rural group included 12/28 men, mean age 45.2 ± 14.8 years. The urban group consisted of 11/14 men of mean age 27 ± 5.9 years. Six rural and all urban were active smokers. Air pollution data showed more toxic elements in the rural environment. On PIXE analysis, chlorine, sodium, and potassium were found in similar concentrations in all samples. Normalizing to chlorine yielded higher values of aluminum, iron, copper, and titanium in the rural group; aluminum was found only in the rural group. The higher levels of certain trace elements in the rural group may, in part, be a consequence of exposure to specific environmental conditions. No direct association was found with air pollution data. PIXE is useful to analyze trace elements in tears, which might serve as a marker for individual exposure to environmental pollutants in biomonitoring studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Girshevitz
- Faculty of Engineering and Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel
| | - Noa Cohen-Sinai
- Department of Ophthalmology, Bnai-Zion Medical Center, Haifa 339419, Israel
| | - Alon Zahavi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Rabin Medical Center—Beilinson Hospital, Petach Tikva 4941492, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Yoav Vardizer
- Department of Ophthalmology, Bnai-Zion Medical Center, Haifa 339419, Israel
| | - Dror Fixler
- Faculty of Engineering and Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel
| | - Nitza Goldenberg-Cohen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Bnai-Zion Medical Center, Haifa 339419, Israel
- The Krieger Eye Research Laboratory, Bruce and Ruth Rapaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +972-4-8359554
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Król-Grzymała A, Sienkiewicz-Szłapka E, Fiedorowicz E, Rozmus D, Cieślińska A, Grzybowski A. Tear Biomarkers in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's Diseases, and Multiple Sclerosis: Implications for Diagnosis (Systematic Review). Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:10123. [PMID: 36077520 PMCID: PMC9456033 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231710123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Biological material is one of the most important aspects that allow for the correct diagnosis of the disease, and tears are an interesting subject of research because of the simplicity of collection, as the well as the relation to the components similar to other body fluids. In this review, biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), and multiple sclerosis (MS) in tears are investigated and analyzed. Records were obtained from the PubMed and Google Scholar databases in a timeline of 2015-2022. The keywords were: tear film/tear biochemistry/tear biomarkers + diseases (AD, PD, or MS). The recent original studies were analyzed, discussed, and biomarkers present in tears that can be used for the diagnosis and management of AD, PD, and MS diseases were shown. α-synTotal and α-synOligo, lactoferrin, norepinephrine, adrenaline, epinephrine, dopamine, α-2-macroglobulin, proteins involved in immune response, lipid metabolism and oxidative stress, apolipoprotein superfamily, and others were shown to be biomarkers in PD. For AD as potential biomarkers, there are: lipocalin-1, lysozyme-C, and lacritin, amyloid proteins, t-Tau, p-Tau; for MS there are: oligoclonal bands, lipids containing choline, free carnitine, acylcarnitines, and some amino acids. Information systematized in this review provides interesting data and new insight to help improve clinical outcomes for patients with neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelika Król-Grzymała
- Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland
| | | | - Ewa Fiedorowicz
- Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Dominika Rozmus
- Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Anna Cieślińska
- Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Andrzej Grzybowski
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Warmia and Mazury, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland
- Institute for Research in Ophthalmology, Foundation for Ophthalmology Development, 61-553 Poznan, Poland
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Forristal MT, Stephenson KAJ. Differentiating primary dry eye disease from ocular neuropathic pain: implications for symptom management. Clin Exp Optom 2022:1-7. [PMID: 36004515 DOI: 10.1080/08164622.2022.2111199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022] Open
Abstract
CLINICAL RELEVANCE Eyecare practitioners' management of ocular surface disease is essential in managing increasing dry eye disease (DED) presentations including ocular neuropathic pain (ONP). Topical Proxymetacaine offers a simple, readily available and practical method of detecting ONP in practice and can be used to differentiate ONP from DED by eyecare practitioners, when accompanied with an anterior segment examination. BACKGROUND Differentiating DED from ONP presents a significant opportunity to eyecare providers, allowing appropriate treatment choices for more adequate symptom control, greater patient satisfaction, and reduced emergent re-presentations. This study aims to differentiate patients presenting with DED symptoms into DED or ONP using a simple diagnostic tool, which can be used in practice to allocate appropriate treatment options for the patient's respective condition. A comparison of the prevalence of presentations of ONP presenting with DED symptoms in hospital ophthalmology settings and in optometric primary care settings will also be made. METHODS Patients with symptoms of DED were opportunistically recruited as they presented to ophthalmology outpatient clinics and primary care optometric services. Patients were then categorised as DED, ONP, or mixed DED/ONP based on their subjective response 30 seconds post-Proxymetacaine Hydrochloride 2% instillation. RESULTS Twenty-one patients were recruited, including 12 patients from ophthalmologic outpatient clinics and nine patients from primary care optometric services. Twelve patients were identified to have primary DED, while nine patients were identified to have ONP. 43% of patients presenting with DED symptoms had features of neuropathic pain in ophthalmologic outpatient presentations compared to 44% of patients in primary care optometric services. CONCLUSION Categorising DED and ONP patients by their response to Proxymetacaine can be used as a simple diagnostic tool in guiding future patient management and can be indicative of their potential response to topical therapies. The use of topical Proxymetacaine and the resultant change in ocular pain score can facilitate selection of patients who may benefit from centrally acting neuropathic pain agents over topical ocular therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark T Forristal
- Department of Ophthalmology, Royal Victoria Eye and Ear Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Kirk A J Stephenson
- Department of Ophthalmology, Royal Victoria Eye and Ear Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
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Hu L, Zhang T, Ma H, Pan Y, Wang S, Liu X, Dai X, Zheng Y, Lee LP, Liu F. Discovering the Secret of Diseases by Incorporated Tear Exosomes Analysis via Rapid-Isolation System: i TEARS. ACS Nano 2022; 16:11720-11732. [PMID: 35856505 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c02531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Nanoscale small extracellular vesicles (sEVs, exosomes) in tears allow us to investigate the multisignatures of diseases. However, the translations of tear sEVs for biomarker discovery and clinical diagnostics are practically limited by low recovery, long processing time, and small sample volume. Here, we report an incorporated tear-exosomes analysis via rapid-isolation system (iTEARS) via nanotechnology to discover the secrets of ocular disorders and systemic diseases. We isolate exosomes rapidly with high yield and purity from a few teardrops (∼10 μL) within 5 min via nanoporous membrane-based resonators for the quantitative detection and biomarker discovery through proteomic and transcriptomic analysis. We have identified 904 proteins, among which 228 proteins are discovered, 426 proteins are detected from exosomes of dry eye disease, and demonstrate CALML5, KRT6A, and S100P for the classification of dry eye disease. We have also investigated 484 miRNAs in tear exosomes and show miR-145-5p, miR-214-3p, miR-218-5p, and miR-9-5p are dysregulated during diabetic retinopathy development. We believe iTEARS can be used for improving molecular diagnostics via tears to identify ocular disorders, systemic diseases, and numerous other neurodegenerative diseases and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Hu
- Eye Hospital, School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, School of Biomedical Engineering, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Eye Hospital, School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, School of Biomedical Engineering, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging and Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Molecular Imaging, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519000, China
| | - Huixiang Ma
- Eye Hospital, School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, School of Biomedical Engineering, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Youjin Pan
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Siyao Wang
- Eye Hospital, School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, School of Biomedical Engineering, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Xiaoling Liu
- Eye Hospital, School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, School of Biomedical Engineering, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Xiaodan Dai
- Eye Hospital, School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, School of Biomedical Engineering, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Yuyang Zheng
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Luke P Lee
- Department of Medicine, Brigham Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
- Department of Bioengineering, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Institute of Quantum Biophysics, Department of Biophysics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 16419, Korea
| | - Fei Liu
- Eye Hospital, School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, School of Biomedical Engineering, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Wenzhou 325027, China
- Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Science, Wenzhou 325001, China
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Ercan ZE. Effect of eyeliner and mascara use on tear film and meibomian glands. Saudi J Ophthalmol 2022; 36:113-116. [PMID: 35971493 PMCID: PMC9375468 DOI: 10.4103/sjopt.sjopt_170_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study was conducted to see whether eyeliner, mascara, or combined eyeliner and mascara (EM) use affects tear production, tear film stability, and meibomian gland (MG) loss. METHODS Two hundred and twenty healthy women underwent noninvasive tear break-up time (NTBUT) measurement, meibography, and Schirmer testing. Study groups were no makeup (NM) group, eyeliner-only group, mascara-only group, and those who used both EM. The one-way analysis of variance test was used for group comparisons. Chi-square test was used for meiboscale comparison. RESULTS NTBUT (seconds) results were 11.5 ± 4.8 (no makeup), 21.3 ± 69 (eyeliner only), 21.8 ± 6.5 (mascara only), and 22.5 ± 7.0 (eyeliner-mascara). The differences between groups were significant (P < 0.0001). All makeup groups (eyeliner only, mascara only, eyeliner-mascara) had significantly diminished values compared with NM group (P < 0.001, P < 0.001 and P = 0.003, respectively). Schirmer test (millimeters) results were 22.7 ± 6.4 (NM group), 21.3 ± 6.9 (eyeliner only), 21.8 ± 6.5 (mascara only), and 22.5 ± 7.0 (eyeliner-mascara) with no significant differences between groups (P = 0.66). Meiboscale grading revealed that NM group had significantly lower values of MG loss compared with eyeliner-only (EO) (P = 0.01), mascara-only (MO) (P = 0.002), and eyeliner-mascara groups (P = 0.007). There were no significant differences between EO and MO (P = 0.31), EO and eyeliner-mascara (P = 0.39), or MO and eyeliner-mascara groups (P = 0.91). CONCLUSION None of the makeup groups had changes in Schirmer wetting. All eye cosmetic groups have significant changes of NTBUT and meibography compared with NM subjects, and yet combined use of EM does not affect ocular surface more adversely than their separate use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeynep E. Ercan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hitit University Corum Education and Training Hospital, Corum, Turkey,Address for correspondence: Dr. Zeynep E. Ercan, Hitit University Corum Education and Training Hospital, Corum 19000, Turkey. E-mail:
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Gronert K, Modi A, Asfaha K, Chen S, Dow E, Joslin S, Chemaly M, Fadli Z, Sonoda L, Liang B. Silicone hydrogel contact lenses retain and document ocular surface lipid mediator profiles. Clin Exp Optom 2022:1-9. [PMID: 35658852 DOI: 10.1080/08164622.2022.2083945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
CLINICAL RELEVANCE A leading reason for patients to abandon their contact lenses is discomfort. Mechanisms and biomarkers for lens discomfort remain to be elucidated. BACKGROUND Physical stress and tear film interaction are likely factors for lens discomfort. Lipid mediators are generated from polyunsaturated fatty acids. They regulate ocular surface physiology and pathophysiology, are constituents of human tears and may interact with contact lenses. This study set out to determine if hydrogel lenses and silicone hydrogel lenses interact with tear film polyunsaturated fatty acids and polyunsaturated fatty acids-derived mediators. METHODS In vitro incubations, rat experiments and analysis of worn human lenses assessed polyunsaturated fatty acids and lipid mediator interactions with lenses. Silicone hydrogel and hydrogel lenses were incubated with lipid mediators and polyunsaturated fatty acids up to 24 hours. Rats were fitted with custom silicone hydrogel lenses and basal tears collected. Silicone hydrogel lenses worn for 2 weeks were obtained from 57 human subjects. Tear and lens lipidomes were quantified by mass spectrometry. RESULTS Silicone hydrogel lenses retained polyunsaturated fatty acids and lipid mediators within 15 minutes in vitro. Lenses contained 90% of total polyunsaturated fatty acids and 83-89% of total monohydroxy fatty acids by 12 hours. Retention correlated with polarity of lipid mediators and lipophilic properties of silicone hydrogel lenses. Polyunsaturated fatty acids and lipid mediators such as lipoxygenase- and cyclooxygenase-derived eicosanoids were present in tears and worn lenses from rats. Worn silicone hydrogel lenses from human subjects established robust and lens-type specific lipidomes with high levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids, lipoxygenase-pathway markers and subject-specific differences in lipoxin A4 and leukotriene B4. CONCLUSION Worn silicone hydrogel lenses rapidly retain and accumulate tear polyunsaturated fatty acids and lipid mediators. Marked subject and lens type differences in the lipidome may document changes in ocular surface physiology, cell activation or infection that are associated with lens wear. If contact lens discomfort and adverse events induce specific tear and lens fatty acid and lipid mediator profiles warrants further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karsten Gronert
- Vision Science Program, Herbert Wertheim School of Optometry & Vision Science, Infectious Disease and Immunity Program, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Arnav Modi
- Vision Science Program, Herbert Wertheim School of Optometry & Vision Science, Infectious Disease and Immunity Program, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Kaleb Asfaha
- Vision Science Program, Herbert Wertheim School of Optometry & Vision Science, Infectious Disease and Immunity Program, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Sharon Chen
- Vision Science Program, Herbert Wertheim School of Optometry & Vision Science, Infectious Disease and Immunity Program, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Elizabeth Dow
- Advance Science and Technology, Johnson & Johnson Vision Care, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Scott Joslin
- Advance Science and Technology, Johnson & Johnson Vision Care, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Mike Chemaly
- Advance Science and Technology, Johnson & Johnson Vision Care, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Zohra Fadli
- Advance Science and Technology, Johnson & Johnson Vision Care, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Leilani Sonoda
- Advance Science and Technology, Johnson & Johnson Vision Care, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Bailin Liang
- Advance Science and Technology, Johnson & Johnson Vision Care, Jacksonville, FL, USA
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Wu J, Xu M, Liu W, Huang Y, Wang R, Chen W, Feng L, Liu N, Sun X, Zhou M, Qian K. Glaucoma Characterization by Machine Learning of Tear Metabolic Fingerprinting. Small Methods 2022; 6:e2200264. [PMID: 35388987 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202200264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Glaucoma is a common optic neuropathy disease affecting over 76 million people. Both timely diagnosis and progression monitoring are critical but challenging. Conventional characterization of glaucoma needs a combination of methods, calling for tedious procedures and experienced doctors. Herein, a platform through machine learning of tear metabolic fingerprinting (TMF) using nanoparticle enhanced laser desorption-ionization mass spectrometry is built. Direct TMF is obtained noninvasively, with fast speed and high reproducibility, using trace tear samples (down to 10 nL). Consequently, glaucoma patients are screened against healthy controls with the area under the curve (AUC) of 0.866, through machine learning of TMF. Further, primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) is differentiated from primary angle-closure glaucoma (PACG) and an early-stage POAG is identified. Finally, a biomarker panel of six metabolites for glaucoma characterization (including screening, subtyping, and early diagnosis) with AUC of 0.827-0.891 is constructed, showing related metabolic pathways. The work will provide insights into eye diseases not limited to glaucoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, School of Biomedical Engineering and Institute of Medical Robotics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, P. R. China
- Division of Cardiology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 160 Pujian Road, Shanghai, 200127, P. R. China
| | - Mengqiao Xu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Fundus Disease, Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photomedicine, Shanghai Engineering Center for Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Eye Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, P. R. China
| | - Wanshan Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, School of Biomedical Engineering and Institute of Medical Robotics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, P. R. China
- Division of Cardiology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 160 Pujian Road, Shanghai, 200127, P. R. China
| | - Yida Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, School of Biomedical Engineering and Institute of Medical Robotics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, P. R. China
- Division of Cardiology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 160 Pujian Road, Shanghai, 200127, P. R. China
| | - Ruimin Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, School of Biomedical Engineering and Institute of Medical Robotics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, P. R. China
- Division of Cardiology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 160 Pujian Road, Shanghai, 200127, P. R. China
| | - Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, School of Biomedical Engineering and Institute of Medical Robotics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, P. R. China
- Division of Cardiology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 160 Pujian Road, Shanghai, 200127, P. R. China
| | - Lei Feng
- Instrumental Analysis Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Ning Liu
- School of Electronics Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Xiaodong Sun
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Fundus Disease, Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photomedicine, Shanghai Engineering Center for Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Eye Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, P. R. China
| | - Minwen Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Fundus Disease, Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photomedicine, Shanghai Engineering Center for Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Eye Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, P. R. China
| | - Kun Qian
- State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, School of Biomedical Engineering and Institute of Medical Robotics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, P. R. China
- Division of Cardiology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 160 Pujian Road, Shanghai, 200127, P. R. China
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Abstract
PURPOSE Substance P is a sensory neuropeptide increasingly used as a biomarker for ocular and systemic neuropathic conditions. Due to the limited studies on tear storage conditions compared to other bodily fluids including blood and urine, the aim of this study was to investigate whether different storage durations at 4 °C can impact on substance P concentrations prior to storage at -80 °C. This is important to assess potential practical limitations in the handling and storage of tear fluid essential. METHODS Tears were collected and pooled from both eyes of 31 healthy participants using the flush tears method. The samples were centrifuged and aliquoted into three sets of microcentrifuge tubes with each stored at 4 °C for <2 h, 4 h or 6 h (Timepoints 1, 2 or 3). After each respective storage duration, the aliquoted samples were than stored at -80 °C before analysis, within 6 months. Tears were analyzed for the concentration of substance P and the total protein content (TPC). RESULTS Substance P concentrations across the three timepoints were not significantly different (p > 0.05), including Timepoint 1 (Median [interquartile range]: 10.7 ng/ml [1.6-37.9]), Timepoint 2 (10.9 ng/ml [1.6-32.6]) and Timepoint 3 (5.2 ng/ml [1.3-25.2]). There were also no significant differences in TPC concentrations measured at the three timepoints, including Timepoint 1 (3.1 mg/ml [1.7-3.8]), Timepoint 2 (2.9 mg/ml [1.9-4.1]) and Timepoint 3 (2.7 mg/ml [1.6-3.7]). CONCLUSIONS While the levels of substance P were stable while stored at 4 °C prior to proper -80 °C storage and analysis, future research should investigate the impact of other storage conditions such as ambient room temperature to optimize the feasibility of using tears for biomarker purposes in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy Chung Bo Chiang
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Arun V Krishnan
- Prince of Wales Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - David Goldstein
- Prince of Wales Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Maria Markoulli
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
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50
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Bao J, Tian L, Meng Y, Wu B, Wang J, He J, Shao Q, Wang C, Jie Y, Zhang L. Total IgE in tears accurately reflects the severity and predicts the prognosis of seasonal allergic conjunctivitis. Clin Transl Allergy 2022; 12:e12139. [PMID: 35344294 PMCID: PMC8967263 DOI: 10.1002/clt2.12139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Although immunoglobulin E (IgE) increases significantly in tears and serum during seasonal allergic conjunctivitis (SAC), it is unclear whether tear total IgE can reflect the severity and prognosis of SAC more accurately than serum total IgE. We aimed to investigate the usefulness of measuring the total IgE in tears to evaluate the severity and determine the treatment of SAC. Methods This prospective, nonrandomized study involved 55 patients with SAC and 10 age‐ and sex‐matched healthy controls. Serum and tears were collected before and after treatment to analyze the total IgE. SAC patients received the same topical anti‐allergy treatment and were followed‐up every 2 weeks for 1 month. The relationship of tear and serum total IgE concentrations with pollen concentrations and symptom severity before and after treatment was assessed. Results The total IgE concentration in tears was higher in SAC patients than in healthy participants with significant correlations between tear and serum total IgE concentrations. The total IgE concentration in tears, but not in serum, correlated with the pollen concentration and severity of ocular symptoms and reactions in SAC. Treatment‐associated improvements in symptoms and reactions in SAC correlated with decreased concentrations of the tear total IgE. Patients with disease recurrence following treatment demonstrated significantly higher tear total IgE concentrations than patients with no recurrence. Conclusion The total tear IgE level can indicate the severity and predict the prognosis of SAC more accurately than the serum total IgE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayu Bao
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing TongRen Eye Center, Beijing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Tian
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing TongRen Eye Center, Beijing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yifan Meng
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing TongRen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Binge Wu
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Baotou Medical College, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Jingyi Wang
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing TongRen Eye Center, Beijing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jing He
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Baotou Medical College, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Qiyan Shao
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Baotou Medical College, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Chengshuo Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing TongRen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Jie
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing TongRen Eye Center, Beijing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Luo Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing TongRen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Nasal Diseases, Beijing Institute of Otolaryngology, Beijing, China.,Department of Allergy, Beijing TongRen Hospital Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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