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Nazha HM, Darwich MA, Ismaiel E, Shahen A, Nasser T, Assaad M, Juhre D. Portable Infrared-Based Glucometer Reinforced with Fuzzy Logic. Biosensors (Basel) 2023; 13:991. [PMID: 37998166 PMCID: PMC10669386 DOI: 10.3390/bios13110991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic condition characterized by high blood glucose levels owing to decreased insulin production or sensitivity. Current diagnostic approaches for gestational diabetes entail intrusive blood tests, which are painful and impractical for regular monitoring. Additionally, typical blood glucose monitoring systems are restricted in their measurement frequency and need finger pricks for blood samples. This research study focuses on the development of a non-invasive, real-time glucose monitoring method based on the detection of glucose in human tears and finger blood using mid-infrared (IR) spectroscopy. The proposed solution combines a fuzzy logic-based calibration mechanism with an IR sensor and Arduino controller. This calibration technique increases the accuracy of non-invasive glucose testing based on MID absorbance in fingertips and human tears. The data demonstrate that our device has high accuracy and reliability, with an error rate of less than 3%, according to the EGA. Out of 360 measurements, 97.5% fell into zone A, 2.2% into zone B, and 0.3% into zone C of the Clarke Error Grid. This suggests that our device can give clinically precise and acceptable estimates of blood glucose levels without inflicting any harm or discomfort on the user.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasan Mhd Nazha
- Computational Mechanics, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Otto Von Guericke University Magdeburg, Universitätsplatz 2, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany; (H.M.N.); (D.J.)
| | - Mhd Ayham Darwich
- Faculty of Technical Engineering, Tartous University, Tartous P.O. Box 2147, Syria
| | - Ebrahim Ismaiel
- Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Al-Andalus University for Medical Sciences, Tartous P.O. Box 101, Syria; (E.I.); (A.S.); (T.N.)
| | - Anas Shahen
- Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Al-Andalus University for Medical Sciences, Tartous P.O. Box 101, Syria; (E.I.); (A.S.); (T.N.)
| | - Tamim Nasser
- Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Al-Andalus University for Medical Sciences, Tartous P.O. Box 101, Syria; (E.I.); (A.S.); (T.N.)
| | - Maher Assaad
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering,
College of Engineering and IT, Ajman University, Ajman P.O. Box 346, United Arab Emirates;
| | - Daniel Juhre
- Computational Mechanics, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Otto Von Guericke University Magdeburg, Universitätsplatz 2, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany; (H.M.N.); (D.J.)
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Nazha HM, Szávai S, Darwich MA, Juhre D. Passive Articulated and Non-Articulated Ankle-Foot Orthoses for Gait Rehabilitation: A Narrative Review. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:healthcare11070947. [PMID: 37046871 PMCID: PMC10094319 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11070947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this work was to study the different types of passive articulated and non-articulated ankle-foot orthoses for gait rehabilitation in terms of working principles, control mechanisms, features, and limitations, along with the recent clinical trials on AFOs. An additional aim was to categorize them to help engineers and orthotists to develop novel designs based on this research. Based on selected keywords and their composition, a search was performed on the ISI Web of Knowledge, Google Scholar, Scopus, and PubMed databases from 1990 to 2022. Forty-two studies met the eligibility criteria, which highlighted the commonly used types and recent development of passive articulated and non-articulated ankle-foot orthoses for foot drop. Orthotists and engineers may benefit from the information obtained from this review article by enhancing their understanding of the challenges in developing an AFO that meets all the requirements in terms of ease of use, freedom of movement, and high performance at a relatively low cost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasan Mhd Nazha
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Institute of Mechanics, Otto Von Guericke University Magdeburg, Universitätsplatz 2, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Szabolcs Szávai
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Informatics, University of Miskolc, 3515 Miskolc, Hungary
| | - Mhd Ayham Darwich
- Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Al-Andalus University for Medical Sciences, Tartous, Syria
| | - Daniel Juhre
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Institute of Mechanics, Otto Von Guericke University Magdeburg, Universitätsplatz 2, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany
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Hertel M, Makvandi R, Kappler S, Nanke R, Bildhauer P, Saalfeld S, Radicke M, Juhre D, Rose G. Towards a biomechanical breast model to simulate and investigate breast compression and its effects in mammography and tomosynthesis. Phys Med Biol 2023; 68. [PMID: 36893466 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/acc30b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In mammography, breast compression forms an essential part of the examination and is achieved by lowering a compression paddle on the breast. Compression force is mainly used as parameter to estimate the degree of compression. As the force does not consider variations of breast size or tissue composition, over- and undercompression are a frequent result. This causes a highly varying perception of discomfort or even pain in the case of overcompression during the procedure. To develop a holistic, patient specific workflow, as a first step, breast compression needs to be thoroughly understood. The aim is to develop a biomechanical finite element breast model that accurately replicates breast compression in mammography and tomosynthesis and allows in-depth investigation. The current work focuses thereby, as a first step, to replicate especially the correct breast thickness under compression.
Approach: A dedicated method for acquiring ground truth data of uncompressed and compressed breasts within magnetic resonance (MR) imaging is introduced and transferred to the compression within x-ray mammography. Additionally, we created a simulation framework where individual breast models were generated based on MR images. 
Main Results: By fitting the finite element model to the results of the ground truth images, a universal set of material parameters for fat and fibroglandular tissue could be determined. Overall, the breast models showed high agreement in compression thickness with a deviation of less than ten percent from the ground truth. 
Significance: The introduced breast models show a huge potential for a better understanding of the breast compression process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeleine Hertel
- Siemens Healthcare GmbH Forchheim, Siemensstr. 3, Forchheim, 91301, GERMANY
| | - Resam Makvandi
- Otto von Guericke Universität Magdeburg, Universitätsplatz 2, Magdeburg, Sachsen-Anhalt, 39106, GERMANY
| | - Steffen Kappler
- Siemens Healthcare GmbH Forchheim, Siemensstr. 3, Forchheim, Bayern, 91301, GERMANY
| | - Ralf Nanke
- Siemens Healthcare GmbH Forchheim, Siemensstr. 3, Forchheim, Bayern, 91301, GERMANY
| | - Petra Bildhauer
- Siemens Healthcare GmbH, Karl-Schall-Str. 6, Erlangen, Bayern, 91052, GERMANY
| | - Sylvia Saalfeld
- Otto von Guericke Universität Magdeburg, Universitätsplatz 2, Magdeburg, Sachsen-Anhalt, 39106, GERMANY
| | - Marcus Radicke
- Siemens Healthcare GmbH Forchheim, Siemensstr. 3, Forchheim, Bayern, 91301, GERMANY
| | - Daniel Juhre
- Otto von Guericke Universität Magdeburg, Universitätsplatz 2, Magdeburg, Sachsen-Anhalt, 39106, GERMANY
| | - Georg Rose
- Otto von Guericke Universitat Magdeburg, Universitätsplatz 2, Magdeburg, Sachsen-Anhalt, 39106, GERMANY
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Darwich MA, Aljareh A, Alhouri N, Szávai S, Nazha HM, Duvigneau F, Juhre D. Biomechanical Assessment of Endodontically Treated Molars Restored by Endocrowns Made from Different CAD/CAM Materials. Materials (Basel) 2023; 16:764. [PMID: 36676500 PMCID: PMC9864025 DOI: 10.3390/ma16020764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the deflection and stress distribution in endodontically treated molars restored by endocrowns from different materials available for the computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) technique using three-dimensional finite element analysis. The models represented extensively damaged molars restored by endocrowns from the following materials: translucent zirconia; zirconia-reinforced glass ceramic; lithium disilicate glass ceramic; polymer-infiltrated ceramic network (PICN) and resin nanoceramic. Axial and oblique loadings were applied and the resulting stress distribution and deflection were analyzed. The Mohr-Coulomb (MC) ratio was also calculated in all models. The translucent zirconia endocrown showed the highest stress concentration within it and the least stress in dental structures. The resin nanoceramic model was associated with the greatest stress concentration in dental tissues, followed by the PICN model. Stress was also concentrated in the distal region of the cement layer. The MC ratio in the cement was higher than 1 in the resin nanoceramic model. Oblique loading caused higher stresses in all components and greater displacement than axial loading, whatever the material of the endocrown was. The translucent zirconia model recorded deflections of enamel and dentin (38.4 µm and 35.7 µm, respectively), while resin nanoceramic showed the highest stress concentration and displacement in the tooth-endocrown complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mhd Ayham Darwich
- Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Al-Andalus University for Medical Sciences, Tartous, Syria
- Faculty of Technical Engineering, University of Tartous, Tartous, Syria
| | - Abeer Aljareh
- Faculty of Dentistry, Damascus University, Damascus, Syria
| | - Nabil Alhouri
- Faculty of Dentistry, Damascus University, Damascus, Syria
| | - Szabolcs Szávai
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Informatics, University of Miskolc, 3515 Miskolc, Hungary
| | - Hasan Mhd Nazha
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Institute of Mechanics, Otto Von Guericke University Magdeburg, Universitätsplatz 2, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Fabian Duvigneau
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Institute of Mechanics, Otto Von Guericke University Magdeburg, Universitätsplatz 2, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Daniel Juhre
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Institute of Mechanics, Otto Von Guericke University Magdeburg, Universitätsplatz 2, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany
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Farahani EB, Aragh BS, Juhre D. Interplay of Fracture and Martensite Transformation in Microstructures: A Coupled Problem. Materials (Basel) 2022; 15:6744. [PMID: 36234085 PMCID: PMC9572836 DOI: 10.3390/ma15196744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
We are witnessing a tremendous transition towards a society powered by net-zero carbon emission energy, with a corresponding escalating reliance on functional materials (FM). In recent years, the application of FM in multiphysics environments has brought new challenges to the mechanics and materials research communities. The underlying mechanism in FM, which governs several fundamental characteristics, is known as martensitic phase transformation (MPT). When it comes to the application of FM in the multiphysics context, a thorough understanding of the interplay between MPT and fracture plays a crucial role in FM design and application. In the present work, a coupled problem of crack nucleation and propagation and multivariant stress-induced MPT in elastic materials is presented using a finite element method based on Khachaturyan's microelasticity theory. The problem is established based on a phase-field (PF) approach, which includes the Ginzburg-Landau equations with advanced thermodynamic potential and the variational formulation of Griffith's theory. Therefore, the model consists of a coupled system of the Ginzburg-Landau equations and the static elasticity equation, and it characterizes evolution of distributions of austenite and two martensitic variants as well as crack growth in terms of corresponding order parameters. The numerical results show that crack growth does not begin until MPT has grown almost completely through the microstructure. Subsequent to the initial formation of the martensite variants, the initial crack propagates in such a way that its path mainly depends on the feature of martensite variant formations, the orientation and direction upon which the martensite plates are aligned, and the stress concentration between martensite plates. In addition, crack propagation behavior and martensite variant evaluations for different lattice orientation angles are presented and discussed in-detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehsan Borzabadi Farahani
- Department of Wind Energy, Technical University of Denmark, Frederiksborgvej 399, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark
- Institute of Mechanics, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Universitätsplatz 2, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Behnam Sobhani Aragh
- School of Computing, Engineering and Digital Technologies, Teesside University, Tees Valley, Middlesbrough TS1 3BX, UK
| | - Daniel Juhre
- Institute of Mechanics, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Universitätsplatz 2, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany
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Lorenz H, Freund M, Juhre D, Ihlemann J, Klüppel M. Constitutive Generalization of a Microstructure-Based Model for Filled Elastomers. MACROMOL THEOR SIMUL 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/mats.201000054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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