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Perveen N, Dinesh MR, Sankaran M, Shivashankara KS, Ravishankar KV, Venugopal R, Mir H. Volatile profiling as a potential biochemical marker for validation of gamma irradiation derived putative mutants in polyembryonic genotypes of mango ( Mangifera indica L.). Front Plant Sci 2023; 14:1168947. [PMID: 37719214 PMCID: PMC10503045 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1168947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Putative mutants were generated through gamma irradiation in the polyembryonic mango genotype Nekkare. The putative mutant progenies along with control seedlings and mother plants were evaluated by comparing the compositions and relative proportions of their major volatile compounds. Methods Volatile profiling was done using headspace-solid phase micro-extraction (HS SPME) method coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS MS). Furthermore, characterisation of putative mutants and control seedlings was carried out using simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers to ascertain the genetic diversity present in the samples under study. Results Monoterpenes were the most abundant volatile compound in all the studied samples (ranging from 34.76% to 91.41%) out of which I-Phellandrene and cis-Ocimene formed the major fraction in mother plants (20.45%-21.86% and 16.17%-21.27%, respectively) and control seedlings (23.32%-24.95% and 18.95%-20.81%, respectively), while beta-Phellandrene was dominant in the selected putative mutant samples (2.34%-29.53%). Among sesquiterpenes, trans-Caryophyllene was detected only in the putative mutant samples (0.10%-30.18%). Grouping together of mother plants and control seedlings was seen in the cluster analysis, while the putative mutants grouped apart from them suggesting genetic diversity. Genetic distance between the mother plants and control seedlings ranged from 0.97 to 2.73, while between putative mutants, control seedlings, and mother plants, it ranged from 6.54 to 9.82. SSR-based characterisation of putative mutant seedlings showed that mutation caused variability in the treated population. This was evident from the high allelic richness ranging from 4 to 12 with a mean of 7 and a higher mean Shannon's Information Index (1.50) of the putative mutant population. Discussion The study demonstrates that volatile profiling and molecular characterisation using SSR markers could be used as a tool to detect variation in a mutated population. In addition, volatile profiling can be used to validate putative mutants in polyembryonic mango genotypes where the seedlings of nucellar origin are similar to mother plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nusrat Perveen
- Division of Fruit Crops, Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)-Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Bengaluru, India
| | - M. R. Dinesh
- Division of Fruit Crops, Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)-Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Bengaluru, India
| | - M. Sankaran
- Division of Fruit Crops, Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)-Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Bengaluru, India
| | - K. S. Shivashankara
- Division of Basic Sciences, Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)-Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Bengaluru, India
| | - K. V. Ravishankar
- Division of Basic Sciences, Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)-Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Bengaluru, India
| | - R. Venugopal
- Division of Social Sciences and Training, Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)-Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Bengaluru, India
| | - Hidayatullah Mir
- Department of Horticulture (Fruit and Fruit Technology), Bihar Agricultural University, Bhagalpur, India
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Venugopal R, Sharma N, Sen S, Mohanty S, Kashyap S, Agarwal T, Kaur J, Vajpayee RB. Prognostic significance of matrix metalloproteinase 9 in COMET operated chronic ocular Stevens-Johnson syndrome. Br J Ophthalmol 2023; 107:187-194. [PMID: 34362775 DOI: 10.1136/bjophthalmol-2021-319302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Molecular pathogenesis underlying persistent ocular surface inflammation in chronic Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) still remains largely unexplored. The present study investigates the expression of matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP2), MMP3, MMP9, MMP11 and TIMP1 (tissue inhibittor of matrix metalloproteinase 1) in pannus tissues of chronic ocular SJS undergoing cultivated oral mucosal epithelial transplantation (COMET) and their prognostic relevance. METHODS In this prospective study, 45 eyes with chronic SJS underwent COMET for visual and anatomical rehabilitation. Preoperative and postoperative clinical parameters were documented. MMP2, MMP3, MMP9, MMP11 and TIMP1 expression were assessed using immunohistochemistry and quantitative real time PCR. Inflammadry MMP9 assay was performed at 1-year follow-up. Kaplan-Meier curves and Cox proportional hazard models were used to correlate protein expression with clinicopathological parameters and COMET graft survival outcomes. RESULTS MMP9 and MMP11 positivity was seen in both pannus epithelia (48% and 55%, respectively) and in stromal layer (57% and 33%, respectively) while MMP2 and MMP3 showed only pannus epithelial positivity in 35% and 51% cases, respectively. High MMP9 stromal expression was significantly associated with preoperative corneal keratinisation (p=0.011), conjunctival hyperaemia (p=0.014), symblepharon (p=0.028). High MMP9 and MMP3 epithelial expression were found to be independent risk factors for poor best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) outcomes post-COMET (p=0.022 and p=0.048). Multivariate analysis revealed MMP9 to be the best prognostic marker (p=0.050). CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that differential expression of MMPs and TIMP1 is seen in SJS in chronic stage. Emergence of MMP9 as a poor prognostic predictor of BCVA post COMET and postoperative MMP9 immunoassay positivity could be a useful tool in further studies to understand the unresolved ocular surface inflammation seen in SJS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renu Venugopal
- Ophthalmology, Dr Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Namrata Sharma
- Ophthalmology, Dr Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Seema Sen
- Ocular Pathology, Dr Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Sujata Mohanty
- Stem Cell Facility, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Seema Kashyap
- Ocular Pathology, Dr Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Tushar Agarwal
- Ophthalmology, Dr Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Jasbir Kaur
- Ocular Biochemistry, Dr Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, Delhi, India
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Naaz S, Ravindra P, Kumar G, Venugopal R, Ramajayam G, Sasidharan A, Kutty B. Age associated changes in sleep spindle characteristics in Vipasana meditator: A whole night polysomnography study. Sleep Med 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2022.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Jeevanandham P, Ambooken B, Asokan N, Salam SA, Venugopal R. Syphilis in the era of re-emergence: A 6-year retrospective study from a tertiary care center in South India. Indian J Sex Transm Dis AIDS 2022; 43:165-169. [PMID: 36743103 PMCID: PMC9891025 DOI: 10.4103/ijstd.ijstd_109_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background During the last several years, we have observed a rise in the number of patients with syphilis in our center. Aims To find out the trends in the presentation of syphilis to our clinic over a 6-year period and to analyze the clinicoepidemiological features of those patients. Settings and Design A retrospective chart review. Subjects and Methods We analyzed the case records of all cases of syphilis registered in our sexually transmitted infection (STI) clinic from October 1, 2012, to September 30, 2018. Syphilis was diagnosed based on clinical or serological evidence. We also evaluated these patients for any concomitant STI, including hepatitis B, hepatitis C, and HIV. Statistical Analysis Used The data were analyzed using SPSS software (version 20). Chi-square test was done for comparing categorical data, and P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results During the study period, 215 patients with STI attended our clinic. Of these, 66 (31%) patients had acquired syphilis. Among them, 3 (4.5%) had primary syphilis, 23 (34.8%) had secondary syphilis, and 40 (60.6%) had latent syphilis. Fifteen (22.7%) patients had concomitant HIV infection. A statistically significant rise in the number of cases of syphilis compared with other STIs was noted in the latter half of the study period (P = 0.001). Among the 50 males with acquired syphilis, 29 (58%) were men having sex with men (MSM), including 19 bisexual persons. Among the five antenatal cases, two were detected very late in pregnancy. Conclusions We observed a marked increase in the number of cases of syphilis during the latter half of the study period. Primary and secondary syphilis were more frequent among MSM, suggesting a need to strengthen targeted intervention programs among them. More rigorous antenatal screening is necessary to prevent congenital syphilis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Palanisamy Jeevanandham
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprosy, Government Medical College, Thrissur, Kerala, India
| | - Betsy Ambooken
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprosy, Government Medical College, Thrissur, Kerala, India
| | - Neelakandhan Asokan
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprosy, Government Medical College, Thrissur, Kerala, India
| | - Sarin Abdul Salam
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprosy, Government Medical College, Thrissur, Kerala, India
| | - Renu Venugopal
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprosy, Government Medical College, Thrissur, Kerala, India
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Santosh T, Soni RK, Eswaraiah C, Kumar S, Rao DS, Venugopal R. Modeling and application of stirred mill for the coarse grinding of PGE bearing chromite ore. SEP SCI TECHNOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/01496395.2022.2075754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- T. Santosh
- Department of Fuel, Minerals and Metallurgical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines), Dhanbad, India
- Mineral Processing Department, CSIR-Institute of Minerals and Materials Technology, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Rahul K. Soni
- Mineral Processing Department, CSIR-Institute of Minerals and Materials Technology, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - C. Eswaraiah
- Mineral Processing Department, CSIR-Institute of Minerals and Materials Technology, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Shravan Kumar
- Department of Fuel, Minerals and Metallurgical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines), Dhanbad, India
| | - D. S. Rao
- Mineral Processing Department, CSIR-Institute of Minerals and Materials Technology, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - R. Venugopal
- Department of Fuel, Minerals and Metallurgical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines), Dhanbad, India
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Praveen J, Nameer PO, Jha A, Aravind A, Dilip KG, Karuthedathu D, Tom G, Mavelikara H, Mannar H, Palot J, Johnson J, Jishnu R, Rodrigues KM, Mujeeb PM, Namassivayan L, Payyeri N, Nesrudheen PP, Narayanan SP, Prasanth SS, Krishna MCP, Praveen ES, Velayudhan P, Reghuvaran P, Kidoor R, Rathish RL, Roshnath R, Sashikumar C, Meppayur S, Sivakumar AK, Sreedevi AK, Sreekumar B, Sreekumar ER, Sumesh PB, Venugopal R, Venugopal V, Vishnudas CK, Kartha V, Puliyeri V, Quader S, Reddy A, Puthiyeri AR, Riyas KA, Abhijith RS, Surendran A, Sunil AM, Chandran A, Abhirami C, Jayakumar AM, Peter AS, Muhammed NVA, Katakath AF, Ajai P, Raju AK, Akhil PM, Akhil US, Amal US, Menon A, Ansari AI, Aneesh KS, Aneesh S, Hari CA, Anjitha R, Raj PNA, John A, Varma A, Anushreedha SS, Aravind CK, Ramachandran A, Arun B, George A, Gopi AP, Varghese A, Vinod A, Shaji A, Raj VMA, Viswanathan A, Mohammed A, Aswin A, Aswin KS, Ali AA, Balaji PB, Paul MB, Shree JC, Venkatraman C, Charutha K, Jose CT, Jose CP, Singh D, Sanghamithra D, Sikarwar DS, Murukesh D, Divin V, Arief F, Mandal J, Sarlin PJ, Nafar AA, Bachan KHA, Rejitha V, Dev RSV, Rowther BE, Raja F, Iyer G, George G, Gireesan TU, Mohan PKG, Dsouza GP, Govind G, Greeshma P, Prasad PMH, Hariharan TV, Harith A, Harith C, Hemanth B, Mohamed I, David JP, Jain PK, Jameela P, Jayakrishnan G, Jishnu K, Jismi MO, Johnson J, Soniya CJ, Babu JR, Roy J, Nelson J, Krishnan MJ, Bhandary KP, Jamaludheen KM, Ravi K, Thrikkadeeri K, Nair KK, Kiran BS, Kumar KS, Raj DK, Panaganti KK, Moorthy MK, Murthy RK, Krishnanunni MR, Prabhakaran L, Lathika KK, Abraham L, Narayanan GH, Panigrahi M, Manav S, Karingamadathil M, Manoj TR, Thomas M, Manuel PP, Varghese MG, Chandran PM, Sulaiman MM, Madathil MA, Hirash VKM, Ramees KM, Thirunnavaya MS, Niyas APM, Muhasin CT, Kizhakkemadham M, Azeez NA, Nikhil PV, Niranjana C, Mundekad N, Mohan N, Pavithra A, Viswanathan P, Pramod P, Prakash G, Prasath S, Prakash P, Preethi N, Rajeevan R, Rajaguru M, Rajarajan V, Sankaran R, Ratheesh K, Crasta RP, Mohan R, Renju A, Koshy RC, Rai R, Tom R, Chandran S, Sachinkrishna MV, Ali MVSA, Siril S, Bharadwaj DDS, George S, Morris S, Augustine S, Das SK, Morris S, Sandra PR, Sanuraj TK, Sawant S, Morris S, Selvaganesh K, Shahil K, Shahina NN, Valasy S, Siji PK, Joseph S, Sivashankar R, Karim SA, Mohan SK, Pillai SM, Sowmiya MS, Srinila KT, Subin KS, Sujith VG, Sukumaran S, Syamili MS, Menon T, Praveen T, Thilak SA, Antony T, Ullas UR, Sivaji VO, Narayanan V, Sreejith MV, Chandran AV, Sudhakaran V, Vridhi R, Humam WI, Uchummal YJ, Yathumon MA. Kerala Bird Atlas 2015–20: features, outcomes and implications of a citizen-science project. CURR SCI INDIA 2022. [DOI: 10.18520/cs/v122/i3/298-309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Suryawanshi DS, Rajaseharan D, Venugopal R. Involvement of husband in maternal and child health care in rural field practice area of a tertiary medical college in South India-A mixed method study. J Family Med Prim Care 2021; 10:2829-2833. [PMID: 34660413 PMCID: PMC8483132 DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_2342_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: To commemorate the 25th anniversary of International Conference on Population and Development (ICPD) in the pursuit of Sexual and Reproductive Health Rights views of duty bearers (men) who are mostly not involved in antenatal care in a patriarchal society like India needs to be explored. Design: It is a mixed method study (Triangulation). Setting and Population: It was conducted in a rural field practice area of a private medical college in South India covering a population of 19,200. Objectives: 1) To determine the involvement of husband in maternal and child care. 2) To find out the perceptions of the husbands of antenatal pregnant women in maternal and child health (MCH) care. Methods: (Quan) A semi-structured questionnaire to find out the areas where husband is involved maximum during antenatal care (Qual). In-depth interviews was conducted to find out the factors associated with their involvement. Results: About 72.5% came for antenatal visits while it decreased to 27.5% during labor and further decreased to 20.3% during immunization. The reasons for decreased participation were (1) Professional Commitments, (2) Views of a Patriarchal society like India, (3) Financial Difficulties, and (4) Health Facility Related Challenges. Conclusion: There is a need to educate the husband regarding the importance of husband's involvement during delivery and immunization. Programs should also include men as the stakeholders for accountability and better MCH care for women.
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Affiliation(s)
- D S Suryawanshi
- Department of Community Medicine, Trichy SRM Medical College, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - D Rajaseharan
- Department of Community Medicine, Trichy SRM Medical College, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - R Venugopal
- Department of Community Medicine, Trichy SRM Medical College, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India
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Venugopal R, Binesh VG, Puthussery PV, George S, Asokan N. Comparison of High Resolution Ultrasonography with Clinical Examination in the Assessment of Peripheral Nerve Involvement in Leprosy. Indian Dermatol Online J 2021; 12:536-540. [PMID: 34430456 PMCID: PMC8354420 DOI: 10.4103/idoj.idoj_720_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Context: Assessment of peripheral nerves in leprosy by clinical methods is subject to considerable inter-observer variability. High resolution ultrasonography (HRUS) can assess peripheral nerves more objectively. Aims: To compare the findings of peripheral nerve involvement in newly diagnosed cases of leprosy by clinical and sonological methods. Settings and Design: Cross sectional study in a tertiary care teaching hospital. Subjects and Methods: Four pairs of peripheral nerves of 40 newly diagnosed patients with leprosy were examined clinically and by HRUS. Statistical Analysis Used: Agreement between clinical examination and HRUS using kappa statistic; sensitivity; specificity; and predictive values. Results: Of the 320 nerves examined, 71 (22.18%) were abnormal clinically and 63 (19.7%) sonologically. Sonological abnormalities were increased cross sectional area (n = 63; 100%), hypoechogenicity with loss of fascicular architecture (n = 46; 73%) and increased vascularity (n = 35; 55.6%). There was moderate agreement (Cohen's Ḳ = 0.59) between clinical and sonological findings. HRUS findings were abnormal in 18 (7.2%) nerves that were clinically normal. HRUS was normal in 26 (36.6%) nerves which were clinically abnormal. Sensitivity of HRUS compared to clinical examination was 63%; specificity 92.7%; positive predictive value 71.4%; and negative predictive value 89.9%. Increased cross sectional area agreed with clinical findings the most. Conclusions: HRUS has low sensitivity (63%) and high specificity (92.7%) to identify abnormal peripheral nerves in leprosy, compared to clinical examination. It could detect abnormality of some (n = 18, 7.2%) clinically normal nerves, but showed normal findings of some nerves (n = 26, 36.6%), which were considered clinically abnormal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renu Venugopal
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Government Medical College, Thrissur, Kerala, India
| | - V G Binesh
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Government Medical College, Thrissur, Kerala, India
| | - Paul V Puthussery
- Department of Radiodiagnosis, Government Medical College, Thrissur, Kerala, India
| | - Sandhya George
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Government Medical College, Manjeri, Kerala, India
| | - Neelakandhan Asokan
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Government Medical College, Thrissur, Kerala, India
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Jothimani D, Danielraj S, Nallathambi B, Pandurangan B, Kalyanasundaram S, Subbiah K, Ramachandran H, Venugopal R, Dhas D, Rela M. Optimal diagnostic tool for surveillance of oesophageal varices during COVID-19 pandemic. Clin Radiol 2021; 76:550.e1-550.e7. [PMID: 33820640 PMCID: PMC7969836 DOI: 10.1016/j.crad.2021.02.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
AIM To study the diagnostic accuracy and utility of triphasic abdominal computed tomography (CT) in the diagnosis and grading of oesophageal varices (OVs) as an alternative to endoscopy during the COVID-19 pandemic. MATERIALS AND METHODS A prospective analysis was undertaken of retrospective data from cirrhotic patients who underwent oesophago-gastro-duodenoscopy (OGD) and a triphasic abdominal CT from January to December 2019. Endoscopists and radiologists provided their respective independent assessment of OV grading after being blinded to the clinical details. Performance of CT grading of OVs was compared with the reference standard endoscopic grading using weighted kappa (k). Non-invasive scores such, as aspartate transaminase (AST)-to-platelet ratio index (APRI), Fibrosis-4 (FIB-4) Index, platelet: spleen (PS) ratio were correlated between the two techniques. RESULTS OV grading between endoscopists and radiologists showed 81.73% agreement (85 out of 104 patients) in the comparative analysis of 104 cirrhotic patients, of which no varices (57.1%, n=4), small (85.1%, n=23), medium (72.2%%, n=26), and large varices (94.1%, n=32) with a weighted k score of 0.88 (95% confidence interval 0.82-0.94). Overall, the sensitivity of CT in the diagnosis of no, small, medium, and large OVs was 66.6%, 79.3%, 89.6%, and 94.1%, respectively, with an area under the receiver operating curve (AUROC) score of 0.775, 0.887, 0.839, and 0.914. Performance of APRI, FIB-4, and PS ratio correlated well with the severity of OVs with no difference between OGD and CT grading. CONCLUSION Triphasic abdominal CT can be an invaluable tool in the diagnosis and grading of OVs during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Jothimani
- Institute of Liver Disease and Transplantation, Dr. Rela Institute and Medical Centre, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, India.
| | - S Danielraj
- Institute of Liver Disease and Transplantation, Dr. Rela Institute and Medical Centre, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, India
| | - B Nallathambi
- Institute of Liver Disease and Transplantation, Dr. Rela Institute and Medical Centre, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, India
| | - B Pandurangan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Dr. Rela Institute and Medical Centre, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, India
| | - S Kalyanasundaram
- Institute of Diagnostic Radiology, Dr. Rela Institute and Medical Centre, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, India
| | - K Subbiah
- Institute of Diagnostic Radiology, Dr. Rela Institute and Medical Centre, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, India
| | - H Ramachandran
- Biostatistics, Dr. Rela Institute and Medical Centre, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, India
| | - R Venugopal
- Institute of Liver Disease and Transplantation, Dr. Rela Institute and Medical Centre, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, India
| | - D Dhas
- Institute of Diagnostic Radiology, Dr. Rela Institute and Medical Centre, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, India
| | - M Rela
- Institute of Liver Disease and Transplantation, Dr. Rela Institute and Medical Centre, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, India
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Kothari R, Vashisht D, Pudasaini N, Venugopal R, Paliwal G. Recurrent erythema nodosum leprosum associated with Mycobacterium indicus pranii vaccine in a case of leprosy: a rare paradox. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2021; 35:e391-e393. [PMID: 33587765 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.17176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R Kothari
- Dermatology, Armed Forces Medical College, Pune, India
| | - D Vashisht
- Dermatology, Armed Forces Medical College, Pune, India
| | - N Pudasaini
- Dermatology, Armed Forces Medical College, Pune, India
| | - R Venugopal
- Dermatology, Armed Forces Medical College, Pune, India
| | - G Paliwal
- Pathology, Armed Forces Medical College, Pune, India
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Venugopal R, Nagpal R, Mohanty S, Sen S, Kashyap S, Agarwal T, Maharana PK, Vajpayee RB, Sharma N. Outcomes of Cultivated Oral Mucosal Epithelial Transplantation in Eyes With Chronic Stevens-Johnson Syndrome Sequelae. Am J Ophthalmol 2021; 222:82-91. [PMID: 32818447 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajo.2020.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2019] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To study the outcomes of cultivated oral mucosal epithelial transplantation (COMET) in eyes with chronic Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) sequelae. DESIGN Prospective interventional case series. METHODS Forty-five eyes of 41 patients with chronic SJS sequelae were recruited and evaluated from 2013 to 2017 in an institutional setting. All patients underwent COMET, with an aim of fornix reconstruction and visual rehabilitation. Change in corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA), severity scores of various ocular surface parameters, and the occurrence of complications were documented during a follow up period of 2 years. Attainment and maintenance of a stable ocular surface, as assessed by change in the ocular surface severity scores was the primary outcome measure, while change in CDVA was the secondary outcome measure. RESULTS The mean preoperative CDVA was 2.7± 0.5 logMAR, which improved to 1.5± 0.7 logMAR and 1.49± 0.98 postoperatively, at 1- and 2-year follow-up visit. Overall, 82.2% eyes (37/45) had improvement in visual acuity, 13.3% (6/45) experienced no change, whereas 2 eyes (4.4%) had worsening of visual acuity. The total ocular surface severity scores improved from a mean preoperative value of 29.1± 9.7 to 18.7± 7.2 postoperatively, at 2-year follow-up. Two eyes developed persistent epithelial defects, with progression to corneal melting requiring keratoplasty. CONCLUSIONS COMET allows successful and sustained restoration of ocular surface anatomy with functional improvement, in eyes with chronic sequelae of SJS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renu Venugopal
- Cornea, Cataract & Refractive Surgery Services, Dr Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Ritu Nagpal
- Cornea, Cataract & Refractive Surgery Services, Dr Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Sujata Mohanty
- Stem Cell Facility, Dr Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Seema Sen
- Department of Ocular Pathology, Dr Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Seema Kashyap
- Department of Ocular Pathology, Dr Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Tushar Agarwal
- Cornea, Cataract & Refractive Surgery Services, Dr Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Prafulla K Maharana
- Cornea, Cataract & Refractive Surgery Services, Dr Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Rasik B Vajpayee
- Vision Eye Institute, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, North West Academic Centre, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Namrata Sharma
- Cornea, Cataract & Refractive Surgery Services, Dr Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
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Ashrit S, Chatti RV, Sarkar S, Venugopal R, Udayabhanu G. Potential Application of Yellow Gypsum From LD Slag as a Soil Conditioner. CURR SCI INDIA 2020. [DOI: 10.18520/cs/v118/i1/118-122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Singh KK, Chaudhary SK, Venugopal R. Enhancement of flexural strength of glass fiber reinforced polymer laminates using multiwall carbon nanotubes. POLYM ENG SCI 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.24929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K. K. Singh
- Department of Mechanical Engineering; IIT (I.S.M); Dhanbad India
| | - S. K. Chaudhary
- Department of Mechanical Engineering; B.I.T. Sindri; Dhanbad India
| | - R. Venugopal
- Department of Fuel & Mineral Engineering; IIT (I.S.M); Dhanbad India
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Ashrit S, Chatti RV, Sarkar S, Venugopal R, Udayabhanu Nair G. Application of ICP-MS Technique for Analysis of Heavy Metals in LD Slag Fines. CURR SCI INDIA 2018. [DOI: 10.18520/cs/v115/i5/973-977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Maharana PK, Sahay P, Sen S, Venugopal R, Titiyal JS, Sharma N. Corneal Ectasia in Stevens-Johnson Syndrome: A Sequela of Chronic Disease. Am J Ophthalmol 2018; 193:1-9. [PMID: 29890163 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajo.2018.05.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2017] [Revised: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To describe corneal ectasia in cases of chronic Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS). DESIGN Prospective observational study. METHODS Setting: Institutional. PATIENTS Fifteen consecutive cases of chronic SJS. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Best-corrected distance visual acuity (BCDVA), maximum corneal curvature (Kmax), anterior elevation, posterior elevation, thinnest pachymetry, and Sotozono severity score. RESULTS Thirty eyes of 15 patients were included. Corneal tomography using Scheimpflug technology (Pentacam-HR, Oculus GmbH) was performed. Nine eyes were excluded owing to poor-quality scans. The median age was 26 years. The median time from onset of disease to assessment for corneal ectasia was 7 years. The median BCDVA was 0.8 logMAR units at presentation. The median Sotozono severity score was 11. Corneal ectasia (Kmax > 48 diopters [D]) was noted in 76.2% of eyes. The mean Kmax was 58.37 ± 14.89 D. On Belin/Ambrosio enhanced ectasia display the median front and back elevation was 42 μm (10-176 μm) and 267 μm (15-2392 μm), respectively. The mean pachymetry was 377.76 ± 165.05 μm (133-448 μm). The point of maximum ectasia was peripheral in 57.1%, both central and peripheral in 19.1%, and central in 23.8% of eyes. On Spearman correlation analysis, deterioration in BCDVA (R = 0.759, P < .001) and increase in Kmax (R = 0.589, P = .005) was associated with higher disease severity (Sotozono grading). CONCLUSION Corneal ectasia is a common but often missed entity in cases of chronic SJS that may be a cause for poor visual acuity in these cases. All cases of SJS must be evaluated for corneal ectasia, especially when the visual acuity is disproportionate to the disease severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prafulla K Maharana
- Dr. Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Pranita Sahay
- Dr. Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Sagnik Sen
- Dr. Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Renu Venugopal
- Dr. Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Jeewan S Titiyal
- Dr. Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Namrata Sharma
- Dr. Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
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Venugopal R, Sasidharan A, Nair A, Marigowda V, Kutty B. Exploring sleep stability in long term Vipassana meditators and controls using event related potentials and transcranial alternating current stimulation during sleep. Sleep Med 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2017.11.994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Nadeem M, Banka H, Venugopal R. Estimation of pellet size and strength of limestone and manganese concentrate using soft computing techniques. Appl Soft Comput 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.asoc.2017.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Singh KK, Chaudhary SK, Venugopal R, Gaurav A. Bulk synthesis of multi-walled carbon nanotubes by AC arc discharge method. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part N: Journal of Nanomaterials, Nanoengineering and Nanosystems 2017. [DOI: 10.1177/2397791417712836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
This work proposes the production of multi-walled carbon nanotubes by AC arc discharging of spectroscopically pure graphite electrodes of different shapes, that is, movable cylindrical and stationary rectangular electrode by manual metal arc welding setup. Continuous arc was generated by maintaining the gap of about 3 mm between the electrodes which in turn formed the plasma zone. Vaporization of carbon cations followed by sudden quenching paved the way for formation of carbon nantotubes. Nanotubes produced were deposited on the stationary graphite electrode in the form of soot. Further extraction of the nanoparticles from the soot was performed by conducting series of purification processes which will be discussed in upcoming chapters. Morphology and purity of the extracted nanotubes were investigated by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, field-emission scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and Raman spectroscopy. Following the characterization process, it was observed that the so-produced nanotubes were of different shapes, that is, carbon cone nanotubes, nanocapsules, nanoparticles and branching type and randomly oriented. The length of the nanotubes varied from 231 to 561 nm, whereas diameter was found to be in the range of 14–55 nm.
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Affiliation(s)
- KK Singh
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, IIT (ISM), Dhanbad, India
| | - SK Chaudhary
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, B.I.T. Sindri, Dhanbad, India
| | - R Venugopal
- Department of Fuel and Mineral Engineering, IIT (ISM), Dhanbad, India
| | - A Gaurav
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, IIT (ISM), Dhanbad, India
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20
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Sharma N, Aron N, Venugopal R, Sangwan S, Titiyal JS, Agarwal T. New surgical approach in cases of cataract with ocular Stevens-Johnson syndrome. J Cataract Refract Surg 2016; 42:1549-1555. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcrs.2016.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2016] [Revised: 06/27/2016] [Accepted: 08/05/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Venugopal R, Sen S, Kashyap S, Sharma A, Agarwal T, Sharma N. Expression of Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase in ocular Stevens-Johnson Syndrome: An Immunohistochemical Study. Acta Ophthalmol 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1755-3768.2015.0306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R. Venugopal
- Ophthalmology; Dr. R.P. Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences; All India Institute of Medical Sciences; New Delhi India
| | - S. Sen
- Ocular Pathology; Dr. R.P. Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences; All India Institute of Medical Sciences; New Delhi India
| | - S. Kashyap
- Ocular Pathology; Dr. R.P. Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences; All India Institute of Medical Sciences; New Delhi India
| | - A. Sharma
- Ocular Pathology; Dr. R.P. Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences; All India Institute of Medical Sciences; New Delhi India
| | - T. Agarwal
- Ophthalmology; Dr. R.P. Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences; All India Institute of Medical Sciences; New Delhi India
| | - N. Sharma
- Ophthalmology; Dr. R.P. Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences; All India Institute of Medical Sciences; New Delhi India
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Panda L, Venugopal R, Mandre NR, Singh V, Banerjee PK. Assessment and Mechanism Investigation of Selective Flocculation Process for Ultrafine Chromite Particle. SEP SCI TECHNOL 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/01496395.2014.1003435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Venugopal R, Mahesh V, Ekambaram G, Aadithya A, Sakthisekaran D. Protective role of Solanum trilobatum (Solanaeace) against benzo(a)pyrene-induced lung carcinogenesis in Swiss albino mice. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bionut.2014.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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Panda L, Banerjee P, Biswal S, Venugopal R, Mandre N. Modelling and optimization of process parameters for beneficiation of ultrafine chromite particles by selective flocculation. Sep Purif Technol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2014.05.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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25
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Thella JS, Venugopal R. Modeling of iron ore pelletization using 3 ** (k–p) factorial design of experiments and polynomial surface regression methodology. POWDER TECHNOL 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2011.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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26
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Balakumar B, Suresh R, Venugopal R. Modulatory Effects of Ascorbic Acid and α-tocopherol on Arsenic Induced Micronuclei Formation. INT J PHARMACOL 2010. [DOI: 10.3923/ijp.2010.676.680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Swaminathan P, Venugopal R, Mallayan P, Lakshmanan U. Chromium-induced in vivo DNA changes in marine algae Oscillatoria willei BDU 130511 (Cyanophyta). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1615/interjalgae.v11.i4.80] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Rose REC, Felix R, Crawford-Sykes A, Venugopal R, Wharfe G, Arscott G. Extravasation injuries. W INDIAN MED J 2008; 57:40-47. [PMID: 19565937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the time and type of treatment following extravasation from intravenous infusion and the sequelae of the injuries. METHOD The charts of 12 patients who were referred to the Plastic and Orthopaedic Services at the University Hospital of the West Indies were reviewed. The study period was between May 2003 and January 2007. Data were collected on age, gender, site of extravasation, extravasated agent, treatment of the extravasation, necrosis interval, duration of hospital stay for treatment of injury and whether the intravenous line was resited and at what site in relation to the injury. RESULTS The age of patients ranged from three days to 67 years. The female-to-male ratio was 2:1. In five patients, the intravenous infusion was discontinued immediately after the swelling was noticed. In two patients, the intravenous infusion was stopped after seven hours and in five patients it was discontinued within 12 to 22 hours. The necrosis interval ranged from 12 hours to three weeks. Immediate treatment following extravasation and discontinuation of the infusion included limb elevation in three patients and application of cold compresses in one patient. Eleven patients developed skin necrosis of varying severities. There was no skin necrosis in one patient. Ten patients spent an average of 31 extra days in hospital for treatment of the extravasation injury. Two patients were treated in an out-patient clinic. CONCLUSIONS Extravenous leaks can cause severe tissue injuries. Morbidity is increased by delay in recognition and treatment of the extravasation. A protocol for the treatment of extravasation is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- R E C Rose
- Division of Orthopaedics, Department of Surgery, Radiology, Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, The University of the West Indies, Kingston 7, Jamaica. West Indies.
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Abstract
Bone and joint infections associated with Salmonella spp account for less than 1% of all Salmonella infections. Most of the isolates are Salmonella typhi. Joint infections with S. paratyphi are uncommon, and there have been only a few reported cases in literature. Psoas abscess caused by S. paratyphi has not been reported previously in the literature. We report a case of S. paratyphi A osteomyelitis and psoas abscess.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Navin
- Department of General Medicine Unit 2 and Rheumatology, Christian Medical College and Hospital, Vellore, S India
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Armstrong MB, Masri N, Venugopal R. Reconstructive microsurgery: reviewing the past, anticipating the future. Clin Plast Surg 2001; 28:671-86, vi. [PMID: 11727853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
This article gives an overview of reconstructive microsurgery It is written for residents and fellows training in plastic and microsurgery and practitioners who are intimately involved in the clinical practice of complex reconstructions. The authors describe the highlights of the history of microsurgery and relevant clinical principles. The final portion of this article is designed to elucidate some of the tremendous advances in limb transplantation and the future directions of microsurgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- M B Armstrong
- Division of Plastic Surgery, University of Miami/Jackson Memorial Hospital, Miami, Florida 33136, USA.
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McFarlane ME, Venugopal R, McDonald A, Ewing R, Newnham MS, Johnson L. Management of hepatic cysts by percutaneous drainage and instillation of tetracycline hydrochloride. W INDIAN MED J 2001; 50:230-3. [PMID: 11769033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
This paper reports two cases of benign hepatic cysts successfully treated by the instillation of tetracycline hydrochloride. The patients presented with solitary large symptomatic hepatic cysts and underwent ultrasound guided needle aspiration followed by the instillation of tetracycline hydrochloride. The cyst size diminished without complication and the patients have remained symptom free. We review the treatment of this uncommon entity and propose that injection of tetracycline hydrochloride is an effective nonoperative treatment of symptomatic solitary hepatic cysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- M E McFarlane
- Department of Surgery, Radiology, Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, University of the West Indies, Kingston 7, Jamaica
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Lawinger P, Venugopal R, Guo ZS, Immaneni A, Sengupta D, Lu W, Rastelli L, Marin Dias Carneiro A, Levin V, Fuller GN, Echelard Y, Majumder S. The neuronal repressor REST/NRSF is an essential regulator in medulloblastoma cells. Nat Med 2000; 6:826-31. [PMID: 10888935 DOI: 10.1038/77565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Medulloblastoma is the most malignant pediatric brain tumor. It is believed to originate from the undifferentiated external granule layer cells in the cerebellum, but the mechanism of tumorigenesis remains unknown. Here we studied three types of human medulloblastoma cells that express markers corresponding to different levels of neuronal differentiation. They expressed the neuronal repressor element 1 (RE1) silencing transcription factor/neuron-restrictive silencer factor (REST/NRSF; refs. 7-10) at very high levels compared with either neuronal progenitor NTera2 (NT2) cells or fully differentiated human neuron teratocarcinoma (hNT cells). To counter the effect of REST/NRSF, we used a recombinant transcription factor, REST-VP16, constructed by replacing repressor domains of REST/NRSF with the activation domain of viral protein (VP16). Transient expression of REST-VP16 in medulloblastoma cells was able to compete with the endogenous REST/NRSF for DNA binding and stimulate neuronal promoters. High-efficiency expression of REST-VP16 mediated by adenovirus vectors (Ad.REST-VP16) in medulloblastoma cells was able to counter REST/NRSF-mediated repression of neuronal promoters, stimulate expression of endogenous neuronal genes and trigger apoptosis through the activation of caspase cascades. Furthermore, intratumoral injection of Ad.REST-VP16 in established medulloblastoma tumors in nude mice inhibited their growth. Therefore, REST/NRSF may serve as a new target for therapeutic interventions for medulloblastoma through agents such as REST-VP16.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Lawinger
- Brain Tumor Center, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Box 316, Houston, Texas 77005, USA
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Prakash S, Das B, Mohanty J, Venugopal R. The recovery of fine iron minerals from quartz and corundum mixtures using selective magnetic coating. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0301-7516(99)00008-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Le Goualher G, Procyk E, Collins DL, Venugopal R, Barillot C, Evans AC. Automated extraction and variability analysis of sulcal neuroanatomy. IEEE Trans Med Imaging 1999; 18:206-217. [PMID: 10363699 DOI: 10.1109/42.764891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Systematic mapping of the variability in cortical sulcal anatomy is an area of increasing interest which presents numerous methodological challenges. To address these issues, we have implemented sulcal extraction and assisted labeling (SEAL) to automatically extract the two-dimensional (2-D) surface ribbons that represent the median axis of cerebral sulci and to neuroanatomically label these entities. To encode the extracted three-dimensional (3-D) cortical sulcal schematic topography (CSST) we define a relational graph structure composed of two main features: vertices (representing sulci) and arcs (representing the relationships between sulci). Vertices contain a parametric representation of the surface ribbon buried within the sulcus. Points on this surface are expressed in stereotaxic coordinates (i.e., with respect to a standardized brain coordinate system). For each of these vertices, we store length, depth, and orientation as well as anatomical attributes (e.g., hemisphere, lobe, sulcus type, etc.). Each arc stores the 3-D location of the junction between sulci as well as a list of its connecting sulci. Sulcal labeling is performed semiautomatically by selecting a sulcal entity in the CSST and selecting from a menu of candidate sulcus names. In order to help the user in the labeling task, the menu is restricted to the most likely candidates by using priors for the expected sulcal spatial distribution. These priors, i.e., sulcal probabilistic maps, were created from the spatial distribution of 34 sulci traced manually on 36 different subjects. Given these spatial probability maps, the user is provided with the likelihood that the selected entity belongs to a particular sulcus. The cortical structure representation obtained by SEAL is suitable to extract statistical information about both the spatial and the structural composition of the cerebral cortical topography. This methodology allows for the iterative construction of a successively more complete statistical models of the cerebral topography containing spatial distributions of the most important structures, their morphometrics, and their structural components.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Le Goualher
- McConnell Brain Imaging Center and the Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, PQ, Canada.
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Venugopal R, Jaiswal AK. Nrf2 and Nrf1 in association with Jun proteins regulate antioxidant response element-mediated expression and coordinated induction of genes encoding detoxifying enzymes. Oncogene 1998; 17:3145-56. [PMID: 9872330 DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1202237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 452] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Antioxidant response element (ARE)-mediated expression and coordinated induction of genes encoding detoxifying enzymes is one mechanism of critical importance to cellular protection against oxidative stress. In the present report, we demonstrate that nuclear transcription factors Nrf2 and Nrf1 associate with Jun (c-Jun, Jun-B and Jun-D) proteins to upregulate ARE-mediated expression and coordinated induction of detoxifying enzymes in response to antioxidants and xenobiotics. Nrf-Jun association/heterodimerization and binding to the ARE required unknown cytosolic factor(s). Nrf2 containing one mutated leucine in its leucine zipper region was more efficient in upregulation of ARE-mediated gene expression, as compared to Nrf1 with two mutated leucines.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Venugopal
- Department of Pharmacology, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas 77030-3498, USA
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Jaiswal AK, Venugopal R, Mucha J, Carothers AM, Grunberger D. Caffeic acid phenethyl ester stimulates human antioxidant response element-mediated expression of the NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase (NQO1) gene. Cancer Res 1997; 57:440-6. [PMID: 9012471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) is a phenolic antioxidant derived from the propolis of honeybee hives. CAPE was shown to inhibit the formation of intracellular hydrogen peroxide and oxidized bases in DNA of 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA)-treated HeLa cells and was also found to induce a redox change that correlated with differential growth effects in transformed cells but not the nontumorigenic parental ones. Mediated via the electrophile or human antioxidant response element (hARE), induction of the expression of NAD(P)H quinone oxidoreductase (NQO1) and glutathione S-transferase Ya subunit genes by certain phenolic antioxidants has been correlated with the chemopreventive properties of these agents. Here, we determined by Northern analysis that CAPE treatment of hepatoma cells stimulates NQO1 gene expression in cultured human hepatoma cells (HepG2), and we characterized the effects of CAPE treatment on the expression of a reporter gene either containing or lacking the hARE or carrying a mutant version of this element in rodent hepatoma (Hepa-1) transfectants. A dose-dependent transactivation of human hARE-mediated chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (cat) gene expression was observed upon treatments of the Hepa-1 transfectants with TPA, a known inducer, as well as with CAPE. The combined treatments resulted in an apparent additive stimulation of the reporter expression. To learn whether this activation of cat gene expression was effected by protein kinase C in CAPE-treated cells, a comparison was made of cat gene activity after addition of calphostin, a protein kinase C inhibitor. Calphostin reduced the cat gene induction by TPA but not by CAPE, suggesting that stimulation of gene expression in this system by these agents proceeds via distinct mechanisms. Band-shift experiments to examine binding of transactivator proteins from nuclear extracts of treated and untreated cells to a hARE DNA probe showed that TPA exposure increased the binding level. In contrast, binding of factors to this probe was inhibited after either in vivo treatment of cells with CAPE or in vitro addition of this compound to the nuclear extract. In view of the clear stimulation by CAPE of gene expression mediated by hARE, possible explanations of this result are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- A K Jaiswal
- Department of Pharmacology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19111, USA
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Venugopal R, Jaiswal AK. Nrf1 and Nrf2 positively and c-Fos and Fra1 negatively regulate the human antioxidant response element-mediated expression of NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase1 gene. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1996; 93:14960-5. [PMID: 8962164 PMCID: PMC26245 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.93.25.14960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 851] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Twenty-four base pairs of the human antioxidant response element (hARE) are required for high basal transcription of the NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase1 (NQO1) gene and its induction in response to xenobiotics and antioxidants. hARE is a unique cis-element that contains one perfect and one imperfect AP1 element arranged as inverse repeats separated by 3 bp, followed by a "GC" box. We report here that Jun, Fos, Fra, and Nrf nuclear transcription factors bind to the hARE. Overexpression of cDNA derived combinations of the nuclear proteins Jun and Fos or Jun and Fra1 repressed hARE-mediated chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) gene expression in transfected human hepatoblastoma (Hep-G2) cells. Further experiments suggested that this repression was due to overexpression of c-Fos and Fra1, but not due to Jun proteins. The Jun (c-Jun, Jun-B, and Jun-D) proteins in all the possible combinations were more or less ineffective in repression or upregulation of hARE-mediated gene expression. Interestingly, overexpression of Nrf1 and Nrf2 individually in Hep-G2 and monkey kidney (COS1) cells significantly increased CAT gene expression from reporter plasmid hARE-thymidine kinase-CAT in transfected cells that were inducible by beta-naphthoflavone and teri-butyl hydroquinone. These results indicated that hARE-mediated expression of the NQO1 gene and its induction by xenobiotics and antioxidants are mediated by Nrf1 and Nrf2. The hARE-mediated basal expression, however, is repressed by overexpression of c-Fos and Fra1.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Venugopal
- Department of Pharmacology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA
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Venugopal R. Reading between the lines: a glimpse of the Cushing files and the life of Sir William Osler. Osler Libr Newsl 1996:1-4. [PMID: 18833669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
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Abstract
Gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP) receptor antagonists were synthesized and their ability to interact with small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) cells determined. [125I] BW1023U90, bound with high affinity (Kd = 2 nM) to a single class of sites (Bmax = 55 fmol/mg protein) using SCLC cell line NCI-H345. [125I] BW1023U90 binding was time dependent and reversible even at 37 degrees C as the ligand was minimally internalized. Specific [125I] BW1023U90 binding was inhibited with high affinity by GRP as well as bombesin (BB) but not neuromedin B (NMB). BW1023U90 inhibited the ability of BB to elevate cytosolic Ca2+ and increase the growth of SCLC cells. A BW1023U90 analogue, BW2258U89 (10 micrograms/day, SC) slowed SCLC xenograft format on in nude mice and [125I] BW 1023U90 localized to SCLC tumors 1 h after injection into nude mice. BW2258U89 (4% by weight) was placed in microspheres and slowly released over a 3-week period in nude mice bearing SCLC xenografts. The microspheres containing BW2258U89 strongly inhibited SCLC growth in vivo. A radioimmunoassay was developed for the GRP receptor antagonists and the rabbit antiserum cross-reacted totally with BW2258U89 or BW1023U90. BW2258U89 immunoreactivity (5 nM) was detected in the plasma of nude mice containing the microspheres after 1 week. These data suggest that GRP receptor antagonists bind to receptors on SCLC tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- T W Moody
- National Cancer Institute, Biomarkers and Prevention Research Branch, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
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Abstract
Previously, GRP receptors were characterized in small cell lung cancer cells and here non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells were investigated: (125I-Tyr4) bombesin (BN) or 125I-GRP bound with high affinity to NCI-H720 (lung carcinoid) and NCI-H1299 (large cell carcinoma) cells. Binding was specific, time dependent, and saturable. Specific (125I-Tyr4)BN binding to NCI-H1299 cells was inhibited with high affinity by GRP, BN, GRP14-27, (D-Phe6)BN6-13methyl ester, moderate affinity by NMB, and low affinity by GRP1-16. BN (10 nM) transiently elevated cytosolic calcium in a dose dependent manner. BN caused translocation of protein kinase C from the cytosol to the membrane and the translocation caused by BN was reversed by (D-Phe6)BN6-13methylester. BN stimulated arachidonic acid release and the increase caused by BN was reversed by (D-Phe6)BN6-13methylester. Using a clonogenic assay, BN stimulated the growth of NCI-H720 cells, and the number of colonies was reduced using (D-Phe6)BN6-13methylester. These data suggest that GRP receptors that are present in lung carcinoid and NSCLC cells may regulate proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- T W Moody
- Biomarkers and Prevention Research Branch, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland 20876, USA
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Abstract
The ability of reduced peptide bond analogues of gastrin releasing peptide (GRP) to antagonize small cell lung cancer (SCLC) GRP receptors was investigated. BW462U89, BW1023U90, BW2123U89 and BW2258U89 inhibited binding of (125I-Tyr4) BN to NCI-H345 cells with IC50 values of 5, 6, 140 and 10 nM respectively. The GRP analogues had no effect on basal cytosolic Ca2+ but inhibited the increase caused by 10 nM BN. BW462U89 reversibly blocked the increase in cytosolic Ca2+ caused by BN. The GRP analogues (1 microM) inhibited NCI-H345 colony formation in the absence or presence of 10 nM BN. Also, BW2258U89 (0.4 mg/kg, s.c. daily) inhibited xenograft growth in nude mice. These data indicate that BW2258U89 inhibits SCLC growth in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- T W Moody
- National Cancer Institute, Biomarkers and Prevention Research Branch, Rockville, MD 20850
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Moody TW, Zia F, Venugopal R, Korman LY, Goldstein AL, Fagarasan M. Corticotropin-releasing factor stimulates cyclic AMP, arachidonic acid release, and growth of lung cancer cells. Peptides 1994; 15:281-5. [PMID: 8008632 DOI: 10.1016/0196-9781(94)90013-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The effects of corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) on human lung cancer cell lines was investigated. Corticotropin-releasing factor increased the cAMP levels in a dose-dependent manner; CRF (100 nM) elevated the cAMP levels approximately eleven-fold using NCI-H345 cells and increased the gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP) secretion rate by approximately 70%. Similarly, sauvagine, a structural analogue of CRF, elevated the cAMP levels with a half-maximal effective dose (ED50) of 20 nM. The increase in cAMP caused by CRF and sauvagine was reversed by alpha-helical CRF(9-41). Corticotropin-releasing factor had no effect on cytosolic calcium but stimulated [3H]arachidonic acid release from NCI-H1299 cells with an ED50 of 30 nM. The increase in [3H]arachidonic acid release caused by 100 nM CRF was significantly reversed by 1 or 10 microM alpha-helical CRF(9-41). Also, CRF stimulated the clonal growth of NCI-H345 and H720 cells and the growth increase caused by CRF was reversed by alpha-helical CRF(9-41). These data suggest that CRF may be a regulatory peptide in lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- T W Moody
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC 20037
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Bridges D, Brown H, Daftari I, Debbe R, deGuzman A, Fickinger W, Gray L, Kalogeropoulos T, Marino R, Peaslee D, Petridou C, Robinson DK, Tzanakos G, Venugopal R. Evidence for a new state produced in antiproton annihilations at rest in liquid deuterium. Phys Rev Lett 1986; 56:211-214. [PMID: 10033125 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.56.211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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Venugopal R, Bathaiah D. Magnetohydrodynamic Flow Past a Permeable Bed. DEFENCE SCI J 1983. [DOI: 10.14429/dsj.33.6151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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