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Haug M, Schwappacher R, Pollmann C, Ritter P, Michael M, Hermann HJ, Grützmann R, Mittelstädt A, Neurath MF, Zopf Y, Friedrich O. Effects of Adjuvant Exercise and Nutrition Therapy on Muscle Fibre Biomechanics in Gastrointestinal Cancer Patients. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:1608. [PMID: 38672689 PMCID: PMC11049604 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16081608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Patients with aggressive cancer, e.g., gastrointestinal cancer, are prone (≥50% chance) to developing cancer cachexia (CC). Little is known about the effects of CC on the biomechanical function of muscle. A promising prevention strategy was found in the form of a multi-modal therapy combining mild resistance exercise (e.g., whole-body electro-myostimulation, WB-EMS) and a protein-rich diet. In a previous study of ours, this was effective in counteracting the loss of muscle mass, yet a systematic and comprehensive assessment of active and passive single muscle fibre functions was so far absent. This pilot study investigated the biomechanical function of single muscle fibres (rectus abdominis) from the biopsies of conventionally treated (pre-)cachectic cancer ((pre-)CC) patients (m = 9), those receiving the multi-modal therapy comprising WB-EMS training and protein-rich nutrition (m = 3), and a control group (m = 5). Our findings not only align with previous findings showing the absolute force loss in CC that is accelerated by atrophy but also speak in favour of a different, potentially energy- and Ca2+-homeostasis-related effect that compromises muscle contraction (F ~0.9 mN vs. F ~0.6 mN in control patients). However, myofibrillar Ca2+ sensitivity and the quality of contraction were unaltered (pCa50: 5.6-5.8). Single fibres from the (pre-)CC patients receiving WB-EMS training and protein supplementation were significantly more compliant (p < 0.001 at ≥130% of resting length L0). Those fibres displayed a similar softness to the ones from the control patients (axial compliance ~15 m/N at ≥130% L0), while single fibres from the patients with (developing) cachexia were significantly stiffer (axial compliance ~7 m/N, p < 0.001 at ≥130% L0). Adjuvant multi-modal therapy (WB-EMS training and nutritional support) contributes to maintaining the axial compliance of single fibres and potentially improves the quality of life for patients at risk of developing CC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Haug
- Institute of Medical Biotechnology (MBT), Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Paul-Gordan-Str. 3, 91052 Erlangen, Germany; (C.P.); (P.R.); (M.M.); (O.F.)
- Erlangen Graduate School in Advanced Optical Technologies (SAOT), Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Paul-Gordan-Str. 6, 91052 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Raphaela Schwappacher
- Hector-Centre for Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Medical Department 1, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Ulmenweg 18, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (R.S.); (H.J.H.); (Y.Z.)
- Medical Department 1, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Ulmenweg 18, 91054 Erlangen, Germany;
| | - Charlotte Pollmann
- Institute of Medical Biotechnology (MBT), Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Paul-Gordan-Str. 3, 91052 Erlangen, Germany; (C.P.); (P.R.); (M.M.); (O.F.)
| | - Paul Ritter
- Institute of Medical Biotechnology (MBT), Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Paul-Gordan-Str. 3, 91052 Erlangen, Germany; (C.P.); (P.R.); (M.M.); (O.F.)
- Erlangen Graduate School in Advanced Optical Technologies (SAOT), Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Paul-Gordan-Str. 6, 91052 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Mena Michael
- Institute of Medical Biotechnology (MBT), Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Paul-Gordan-Str. 3, 91052 Erlangen, Germany; (C.P.); (P.R.); (M.M.); (O.F.)
- Medical Department 1, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Ulmenweg 18, 91054 Erlangen, Germany;
| | - Hans Joachim Hermann
- Hector-Centre for Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Medical Department 1, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Ulmenweg 18, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (R.S.); (H.J.H.); (Y.Z.)
- Medical Department 1, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Ulmenweg 18, 91054 Erlangen, Germany;
| | - Robert Grützmann
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Krankenhausstr. 12, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (R.G.); (A.M.)
| | - Anke Mittelstädt
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Krankenhausstr. 12, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (R.G.); (A.M.)
| | - Markus Friedrich Neurath
- Medical Department 1, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Ulmenweg 18, 91054 Erlangen, Germany;
| | - Yurdagül Zopf
- Hector-Centre for Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Medical Department 1, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Ulmenweg 18, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (R.S.); (H.J.H.); (Y.Z.)
- Medical Department 1, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Ulmenweg 18, 91054 Erlangen, Germany;
| | - Oliver Friedrich
- Institute of Medical Biotechnology (MBT), Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Paul-Gordan-Str. 3, 91052 Erlangen, Germany; (C.P.); (P.R.); (M.M.); (O.F.)
- Erlangen Graduate School in Advanced Optical Technologies (SAOT), Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Paul-Gordan-Str. 6, 91052 Erlangen, Germany
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Wallace Wurth Building, 18 High St, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
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Gleixner S, Zahn I, Dietrich J, Singh S, Drobny A, Schneider Y, Schwendner R, Socher E, Blavet N, Bräuer L, Gostian AO, Balk M, Schulze-Tanzil G, Günther C, Paulsen F, Arnold P. A New Immortalized Human Lacrimal Gland Cell Line. Cells 2024; 13:622. [PMID: 38607061 PMCID: PMC11011892 DOI: 10.3390/cells13070622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The lacrimal gland is crucial for maintaining ocular health by producing the aqueous component of the tear film, which hydrates and nourishes the ocular surface. Decreased production of this component results in dry eye disease, a condition affecting over 250 million people worldwide. However, the scarcity of primary human material for studying its underlying mechanisms and the absence of a cell model for human lacrimal gland epithelial cells present significant challenges. Here, we describe the generation of immortalized human lacrimal gland cell lines through the introduction of an SV40 antigen. We successfully isolated and characterized three cell clones from a female lacrimal gland donor, confirming their epithelial identity through genomic and protein analyses, including PCR, RNAseq, immunofluorescence and cultivation in a 3D spheroid model. Our findings represent a significant advancement, providing improved accessibility to investigate the molecular pathogenesis mechanisms of dry eye disease and potential therapeutic interventions. We identified the expression of typical epithelial cell marker genes and demonstrated the cells' capability to form 2D cell sheets and 3D spheroids. This establishment of immortalized human lacrimal gland cells with epithelial characteristics holds promise for future comprehensive studies, contributing to a deeper understanding of dry eye disease and its cellular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Gleixner
- Institute of Functional and Clinical Anatomy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (S.G.)
| | - Ingrid Zahn
- Institute of Functional and Clinical Anatomy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (S.G.)
| | - Jana Dietrich
- Institute of Functional and Clinical Anatomy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (S.G.)
| | - Swati Singh
- Institute of Functional and Clinical Anatomy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (S.G.)
- Hariram Motumal Nasta & Renu Hariram Nasta Ophthalmic Plastic Surgery Services, LV Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad 500034, India
| | - Alice Drobny
- Department of Molecular Neurology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Yanni Schneider
- Department of Molecular Neurology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Raphael Schwendner
- Department of Medicine 1, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Eileen Socher
- Institute of Functional and Clinical Anatomy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (S.G.)
| | - Nicolas Blavet
- CEITEC-Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Lars Bräuer
- Institute of Functional and Clinical Anatomy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (S.G.)
| | - Antoniu-Oreste Gostian
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Merciful Brothers Hospital St. Elisabeth, 94315 Straubing, Germany
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen, University Hospital Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Matthias Balk
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen, University Hospital Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Gundula Schulze-Tanzil
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Paracelsus Medical University, Nuremberg Prof. Ernst Nathan Str. 1, 90419 Nuremberg, Germany
| | - Claudia Günther
- Department of Medicine 1, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Friedrich Paulsen
- Institute of Functional and Clinical Anatomy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (S.G.)
| | - Philipp Arnold
- Institute of Functional and Clinical Anatomy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (S.G.)
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Rincón-López JA, Hermann-Muñoz JA, Detsch R, Rangel-López R, Muñoz-Saldaña J, Jiménez-Sandoval S, Alvarado-Orozco JM, Boccaccini AR. Mineral matrix deposition of MC3T3-E1 pre-osteoblastic cells exposed to silicocarnotite and nagelschmidtite bioceramics: In vitro comparison to hydroxyapatite. J Biomed Mater Res A 2024. [PMID: 38433700 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.37699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
This work presents the effect of the silicocarnotite (SC) and nagelschmidtite (Nagel) phases on in vitro osteogenesis. The known hydroxyapatite of biological origin (BHAp) was used as a standard of osteoconductive characteristics. The evaluation was carried out in conventional and osteogenic media for comparative purposes to assess the osteogenic ability of the bioceramics. First, the effect of the material on cell viability at 24 h, 7 and 14 days of incubation was evaluated. In addition, cell morphology and attachment on dense bioceramic surfaces were observed by fluorescence microscopy. Specifically, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity was evaluated as an osteogenic marker of the early stages of bone cell differentiation. Mineralized extracellular matrix was observed by calcium phosphate deposits and extracellular vesicle formation. Furthermore, cell phenotype determination was confirmed by scanning electron microscope. The results provided relevant information on the cell attachment, proliferation, and osteogenic differentiation processes after 7 and 14 days of incubation. Finally, it was demonstrated that SC and Nagel phases promote cell proliferation and differentiation, while the Nagel phase exhibited a superior osteoconductive behavior and could promote MC3T3-E1 cell differentiation to a higher extent than SC and BHAp, which was reflected in a higher number of deposits in a shorter period for both conventional and osteogenic media.
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Affiliation(s)
- July Andrea Rincón-López
- Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Unidad Queretaro, Santiago de Querétaro, Mexico
| | - Jennifer Andrea Hermann-Muñoz
- Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Unidad Queretaro, Santiago de Querétaro, Mexico
- Institute of Biomaterials, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Rainer Detsch
- Institute of Biomaterials, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Raúl Rangel-López
- Laboratorio de Inmunología y Virología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, San Nicolás de los Garza, Mexico
| | - Juan Muñoz-Saldaña
- Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Unidad Queretaro, Santiago de Querétaro, Mexico
| | - Sergio Jiménez-Sandoval
- Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Unidad Queretaro, Santiago de Querétaro, Mexico
| | | | - Aldo R Boccaccini
- Institute of Biomaterials, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
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Noversa de Sousa R, Tascilar K, Corte G, Atzinger A, Minopoulou I, Ohrndorf S, Waldner M, Schmidkonz C, Kuwert T, Knieling F, Kleyer A, Ramming A, Schett G, Simon D, Fagni F. Metabolic and molecular imaging in inflammatory arthritis. RMD Open 2024; 10:e003880. [PMID: 38341194 PMCID: PMC10862311 DOI: 10.1136/rmdopen-2023-003880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
It is known that metabolic shifts and tissue remodelling precede the development of visible inflammation and structural organ damage in inflammatory rheumatic diseases such as the inflammatory arthritides. As such, visualising and measuring metabolic tissue activity could be useful to identify biomarkers of disease activity already in a very early phase. Recent advances in imaging have led to the development of so-called 'metabolic imaging' tools that can detect these changes in metabolism in an increasingly accurate manner and non-invasively.Nuclear imaging techniques such as 18F-D-glucose and fibroblast activation protein inhibitor-labelled positron emission tomography are increasingly used and have yielded impressing results in the visualisation (including whole-body staging) of inflammatory changes in both early and established arthritis. Furthermore, optical imaging-based bedside techniques such as multispectral optoacoustic tomography and fluorescence optical imaging are advancing our understanding of arthritis by identifying intra-articular metabolic changes that correlate with the onset of inflammation with high precision and without the need of ionising radiation.Metabolic imaging holds great potential for improving the management of patients with inflammatory arthritis by contributing to early disease interception and improving diagnostic accuracy, thereby paving the way for a more personalised approach to therapy strategies including preventive strategies. In this narrative review, we discuss state-of-the-art metabolic imaging methods used in the assessment of arthritis and inflammation, and we advocate for more extensive research endeavours to elucidate their full field of application in rheumatology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Noversa de Sousa
- Department of Internal Medicine 3, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
- Serviço de Medicina Interna, Hospital Pedro Hispano, Matosinhos, Portugal
- Deutsches Zentrum fuer Immuntherapie (DZI), Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Koray Tascilar
- Department of Internal Medicine 3, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum fuer Immuntherapie (DZI), Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Giulia Corte
- Department of Internal Medicine 3, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum fuer Immuntherapie (DZI), Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Armin Atzinger
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ioanna Minopoulou
- Department of Internal Medicine 3, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum fuer Immuntherapie (DZI), Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Sarah Ohrndorf
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Maximilian Waldner
- Department of Internal Medicine 3, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christian Schmidkonz
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
- Institute for Medical Engineering, Ostbayerische Technische Hochschule Amberg-Weiden, Amberg, Germany
| | - Torsten Kuwert
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ferdinand Knieling
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Arnd Kleyer
- Department of Internal Medicine 3, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Ramming
- Department of Internal Medicine 3, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum fuer Immuntherapie (DZI), Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Georg Schett
- Department of Internal Medicine 3, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum fuer Immuntherapie (DZI), Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - David Simon
- Department of Internal Medicine 3, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Filippo Fagni
- Department of Internal Medicine 3, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum fuer Immuntherapie (DZI), Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
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Tavera-Méndez CL, Bergen A, Trzeciak S, Heinemann FW, Graf R, Zahn D, Meyer K, Hartmann M, Wisser D. Self-Assembled Supported Ionic Liquids. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202303673. [PMID: 37963087 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202303673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
Separation and reuse of the catalytically active metal complexes are persistent issues in homogeneous catalysis. Supported Ionic Liquid Phase (SILP) catalysts, where the catalytic center is dissolved in a thin film of a stable ionic liquid, deposited on a solid support, present a promising alternative. However, the dissolution of the metal center in the film leaves little control over its position and its activity. We present here four novel, task-specific ionic liquids [FPhn ImH R]I (n=1, 2; R=PEG2 , C12 H25 ), designed to self-assemble on a silica surface without any covalent bonding and offering a metal binding site in a controlled distance to the support. Advanced multinuclear solid-state NMR spectroscopic techniques under Magic Angle Spinning, complemented by molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, allow us to determine their molecular conformation when deposited inside SBA-15 as a model silica support. We provide here conceptual proof for a rational design of ionic liquids self-assembling into thin films, opening an avenue for a second, improved generation of SILP catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cindy-Ly Tavera-Méndez
- Erlangen Center for Interface Research and Catalysis (ECRC), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Egerlandstraße 3, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Alexander Bergen
- Chair of Inorganic and General Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Egerlandstraße 1, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Simon Trzeciak
- Computer Chemistry Center (CCC), Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Nägelsbachstraße 25, 91052, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Frank W Heinemann
- Chair of Inorganic and General Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Egerlandstraße 1, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Robert Graf
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Dirk Zahn
- Computer Chemistry Center (CCC), Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Nägelsbachstraße 25, 91052, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Karsten Meyer
- Chair of Inorganic and General Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Egerlandstraße 1, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Martin Hartmann
- Erlangen Center for Interface Research and Catalysis (ECRC), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Egerlandstraße 3, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Dorothea Wisser
- Erlangen Center for Interface Research and Catalysis (ECRC), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Egerlandstraße 3, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
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Lu H, Macht M, Rosenberg R, Wiedenbeck E, Lukas M, Qi D, Maltseva D, Zahn D, Cölfen H, Bonn M. Organic Nucleation: Water Rearrangement Reveals the Pathway of Ibuprofen. Small 2024:e2307858. [PMID: 38269485 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202307858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 12/31/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
The organic nucleation of the pharmaceutical ibuprofen is investigated, as triggered by the protonation of ibuprofen sodium salt at elevated pH. The growth and aggregation of nanoscale solution species by Analytical Ultracentrifugation and Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulations is tracked. Both approaches reveal solvated molecules, oligomers, and prenucleation clusters, their size as well as their hydration at different reaction stages. By combining surface-specific vibrational spectroscopy and MD simulations, water interacting with ibuprofen at the air-water interface during nucleation is probed. The results show the structure of water changes upon ibuprofen protonation in response to the charge neutralization. Remarkably, the water structure continues to evolve despite the saturation of protonated ibuprofen at the hydrophobic interface. This further water rearrangement is associated with the formation of larger aggregates of ibuprofen molecules at a late prenucleation stage. The nucleation of ibuprofen involves ibuprofen protonation and their hydrophobic assembly. The results highlight that these processes are accompanied by substantial water reorganization. The critical role of water is possibly relevant for organic nucleation in aqueous environments in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Lu
- Department of Materials and Textile Engineering, Nanotechnology Research Institute, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang Province, 314001, P. R. China
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Moritz Macht
- Lehrstuhl für Theoretische Chemie/Computer Chemie Centrum, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nägelsbachstraße 25, 91052, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Rose Rosenberg
- Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstrasse 10, 78457, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Eduard Wiedenbeck
- Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstrasse 10, 78457, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Max Lukas
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Daizong Qi
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Daria Maltseva
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Dirk Zahn
- Lehrstuhl für Theoretische Chemie/Computer Chemie Centrum, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nägelsbachstraße 25, 91052, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Helmut Cölfen
- Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstrasse 10, 78457, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Mischa Bonn
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
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Ugrina M, Burkhart I, Müller D, Schwalbe H, Schwierz N. RNA G-quadruplex folding is a multi-pathway process driven by conformational entropy. Nucleic Acids Res 2024; 52:87-100. [PMID: 37986217 PMCID: PMC10783511 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkad1065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The kinetics of folding is crucial for the function of many regulatory RNAs including RNA G-quadruplexes (rG4s). Here, we characterize the folding pathways of a G-quadruplex from the telomeric repeat-containing RNA by combining all-atom molecular dynamics and coarse-grained simulations with circular dichroism experiments. The quadruplex fold is stabilized by cations and thus, the ion atmosphere forming a double layer surrounding the highly charged quadruplex guides the folding process. To capture the ionic double layer in implicit solvent coarse-grained simulations correctly, we develop a matching procedure based on all-atom simulations in explicit water. The procedure yields quantitative agreement between simulations and experiments as judged by the populations of folded and unfolded states at different salt concentrations and temperatures. Subsequently, we show that coarse-grained simulations with a resolution of three interaction sites per nucleotide are well suited to resolve the folding pathways and their intermediate states. The results reveal that the folding progresses from unpaired chain via hairpin, triplex and double-hairpin constellations to the final folded structure. The two- and three-strand intermediates are stabilized by transient Hoogsteen interactions. Each pathway passes through two on-pathway intermediates. We hypothesize that conformational entropy is a hallmark of rG4 folding. Conformational entropy leads to the observed branched multi-pathway folding process for TERRA25. We corroborate this hypothesis by presenting the free energy landscapes and folding pathways of four rG4 systems with varying loop length.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marijana Ugrina
- Institute of Physics, University of Augsburg, Universitätsstraße 1, 86159 Augsburg, Germany
- Department of Theoretical Biophysics, Max-Planck-Institute of Biophysics, Max-von-Laue-Straße 3, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Ines Burkhart
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Center for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance (BMRZ), Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, Max-von-Laue-Straße 7, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Diana Müller
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Center for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance (BMRZ), Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, Max-von-Laue-Straße 7, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Harald Schwalbe
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Center for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance (BMRZ), Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, Max-von-Laue-Straße 7, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Nadine Schwierz
- Institute of Physics, University of Augsburg, Universitätsstraße 1, 86159 Augsburg, Germany
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8
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Diego JGB, Singh G, Jangra S, Handrejk K, Laporte M, Chang LA, El Zahed SS, Pache L, Chang MW, Warang P, Aslam S, Mena I, Webb BT, Benner C, García-Sastre A, Schotsaert M. Breakthrough infections by SARS-CoV-2 variants boost cross-reactive hybrid immune responses in mRNA-vaccinated Golden Syrian hamsters. PLoS Pathog 2024; 20:e1011805. [PMID: 38198521 PMCID: PMC10805310 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1011805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Hybrid immunity (vaccination + natural infection) to SARS-CoV-2 provides superior protection to re-infection. We performed immune profiling studies during breakthrough infections in mRNA-vaccinated hamsters to evaluate hybrid immunity induction. The mRNA vaccine, BNT162b2, was dosed to induce binding antibody titers against ancestral spike, but inefficient serum virus neutralization of ancestral SARS-CoV-2 or variants of concern (VoCs). Vaccination reduced morbidity and controlled lung virus titers for ancestral virus and Alpha but allowed breakthrough infections in Beta, Delta and Mu-challenged hamsters. Vaccination primed for T cell responses that were boosted by infection. Infection back-boosted neutralizing antibody responses against ancestral virus and VoCs. Hybrid immunity resulted in more cross-reactive sera, reflected by smaller antigenic cartography distances. Transcriptomics post-infection reflects both vaccination status and disease course and suggests a role for interstitial macrophages in vaccine-mediated protection. Therefore, protection by vaccination, even in the absence of high titers of neutralizing antibodies in the serum, correlates with recall of broadly reactive B- and T-cell responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan García-Bernalt Diego
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Group (e-INTRO), Biomedical Research Institute of Salamanca-Research Centre for Tropical Diseases at the University of Salamanca (IBSAL-CIETUS), Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
- Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Gagandeep Singh
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
- Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Sonia Jangra
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
- Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Kim Handrejk
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
- Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Manon Laporte
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
- Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Lauren A. Chang
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
- Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Sara S. El Zahed
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
- Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Lars Pache
- NCI Designated Cancer Center, Sanford-Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Max W. Chang
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Prajakta Warang
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
- Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Sadaf Aslam
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
- Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Ignacio Mena
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
- Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Brett T. Webb
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming, United States of America
| | - Christopher Benner
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Adolfo García-Sastre
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
- Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
- The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
- Department of Pathology, Molecular and Cell-Based Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Michael Schotsaert
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
- Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
- Icahn Genomics Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
- Marc and Jennifer Lipschultz Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
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9
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Fan F, Ritschl L, Beister M, Biniazan R, Wagner F, Kreher B, Gottschalk TM, Kappler S, Maier A. Simulation-driven training of vision transformers enables metal artifact reduction of highly truncated CBCT scans. Med Phys 2023:e16919. [PMID: 38150576 DOI: 10.1002/mp.16919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Due to the high attenuation of metals, severe artifacts occur in cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). The metal segmentation in CBCT projections usually serves as a prerequisite for metal artifact reduction (MAR) algorithms. PURPOSE The occurrence of truncation caused by the limited detector size leads to the incomplete acquisition of metal masks from the threshold-based method in CBCT volume. Therefore, segmenting metal directly in CBCT projections is pursued in this work. METHODS Since the generation of high quality clinical training data is a constant challenge, this study proposes to generate simulated digital radiographs (data I) based on real CT data combined with self-designed computer aided design (CAD) implants. In addition to the simulated projections generated from 3D volumes, 2D x-ray images combined with projections of implants serve as the complementary data set (data II) to improve the network performance. In this work, SwinConvUNet consisting of shift window (Swin) vision transformers (ViTs) with patch merging as encoder is proposed for metal segmentation. RESULTS The model's performance is evaluated on accurately labeled test datasets obtained from cadaver scans as well as the unlabeled clinical projections. When trained on the data I only, the convolutional neural network (CNN) encoder-based networks UNet and TransUNet achieve only limited performance on the cadaver test data, with an average dice score of 0.821 and 0.850. After using both data II and data I during training, the average dice scores for the two models increase to 0.906 and 0.919, respectively. By replacing the CNN encoder with Swin transformer, the proposed SwinConvUNet reaches an average dice score of 0.933 for cadaver projections when only trained on the data I. Furthermore, SwinConvUNet has the largest average dice score of 0.953 for cadaver projections when trained on the combined data set. CONCLUSIONS Our experiments quantitatively demonstrate the effectiveness of the combination of the projections simulated under two pathways for network training. Besides, the proposed SwinConvUNet trained on the simulated projections performs state-of-the-art, robust metal segmentation as demonstrated on experiments on cadaver and clinical data sets. With the accurate segmentations from the proposed model, MAR can be conducted even for highly truncated CBCT scans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuxin Fan
- Pattern Recognition Lab, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Fabian Wagner
- Pattern Recognition Lab, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Andreas Maier
- Pattern Recognition Lab, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
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10
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Tayebi Arasteh S, Weise T, Schuster M, Noeth E, Maier A, Yang SH. The effect of speech pathology on automatic speaker verification: a large-scale study. Sci Rep 2023; 13:20476. [PMID: 37993490 PMCID: PMC10665418 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-47711-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Navigating the challenges of data-driven speech processing, one of the primary hurdles is accessing reliable pathological speech data. While public datasets appear to offer solutions, they come with inherent risks of potential unintended exposure of patient health information via re-identification attacks. Using a comprehensive real-world pathological speech corpus, with over n[Formula: see text]3800 test subjects spanning various age groups and speech disorders, we employed a deep-learning-driven automatic speaker verification (ASV) approach. This resulted in a notable mean equal error rate (EER) of [Formula: see text], outstripping traditional benchmarks. Our comprehensive assessments demonstrate that pathological speech overall faces heightened privacy breach risks compared to healthy speech. Specifically, adults with dysphonia are at heightened re-identification risks, whereas conditions like dysarthria yield results comparable to those of healthy speakers. Crucially, speech intelligibility does not influence the ASV system's performance metrics. In pediatric cases, particularly those with cleft lip and palate, the recording environment plays a decisive role in re-identification. Merging data across pathological types led to a marked EER decrease, suggesting the potential benefits of pathological diversity in ASV, accompanied by a logarithmic boost in ASV effectiveness. In essence, this research sheds light on the dynamics between pathological speech and speaker verification, emphasizing its crucial role in safeguarding patient confidentiality in our increasingly digitized healthcare era.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soroosh Tayebi Arasteh
- Pattern Recognition Lab, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058, Erlangen, Germany.
- Speech & Language Processing Lab, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054, Erlangen, Germany.
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, 52074, Aachen, Germany.
| | - Tobias Weise
- Pattern Recognition Lab, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
- Speech & Language Processing Lab, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Maria Schuster
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 80333, Munich, Germany
| | - Elmar Noeth
- Pattern Recognition Lab, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Andreas Maier
- Pattern Recognition Lab, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Seung Hee Yang
- Speech & Language Processing Lab, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
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11
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Hosseinmardi S, Scheurer A, Heinemann FW, Marigo N, Munz D, Meyer K. Closed Synthetic Cycle for Nickel-Based Dihydrogen Formation. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202302063. [PMID: 37615237 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202302063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
Dihydrogen evolution was observed in a two-step protonation reaction starting from a Ni0 precursor with a tripodal N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) ligand. Upon the first protonation, a NiII monohydride complex was formed, which was isolated and fully characterized. Subsequent protonation yields H2 via a transient intermediate (INT) and an isolable NiII acetonitrile complex. The latter can be reduced to regenerate its Ni0 precursor. The mechanism of H2 formation was investigated by using a deuterated acid and scrutinized by 1 H NMR spectroscopy and gas chromatography. Remarkably, the second protonation forms a rare nickel dihydrogen complex, which was detected and identified in solution and characterized by 1 H NMR spectroscopy. DFT-based computational analyses were employed to propose a reaction profile and a molecular structure of the Ni-H2 complex. Thus, a dihydrogen-evolving, closed-synthetic cycle is reported with a rare Ni-H2 species as a key intermediate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soosan Hosseinmardi
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Inorganic Chemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Egerlandstraße 1, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Andreas Scheurer
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Inorganic Chemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Egerlandstraße 1, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Frank W Heinemann
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Inorganic Chemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Egerlandstraße 1, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Nicola Marigo
- Inorganic Chemistry, Coordination Chemistry, Saarland University, Campus C4.1, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Dominik Munz
- Inorganic Chemistry, Coordination Chemistry, Saarland University, Campus C4.1, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Karsten Meyer
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Inorganic Chemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Egerlandstraße 1, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
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12
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Klement K, Brückner M, Bernkopf DB. Phosphorylation of axin within biomolecular condensates counteracts its tankyrase-mediated degradation. J Cell Sci 2023; 136:jcs261214. [PMID: 37721093 PMCID: PMC10652037 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.261214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Axin (also known as AXIN1) is a central negative regulator of the proto-oncogenic Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, as axin condensates provide a scaffold for the assembly of a multiprotein complex degrading β-catenin. Axin, in turn, is degraded through tankyrase. Consequently, tankyrase small-molecule inhibitors block Wnt signaling by stabilizing axin, revealing potential for cancer therapy. Here, we discovered that axin is phosphorylated by casein kinase 1 alpha 1 (CSNK1A1, also known as CK1α) at an N-terminal casein kinase 1 consensus motif, and that this phosphorylation is antagonized by the catalytic subunit alpha of protein phosphatase 1 (PPP1CA, hereafter referred to as PP1). Axin condensates promoted phosphorylation by enriching CK1α over PP1. Importantly, the phosphorylation took place within the tankyrase-binding site, electrostatically and/or sterically hindering axin-tankyrase interaction, and counteracting tankyrase-mediated degradation of axin. Thus, the presented data propose a novel mechanism regulating axin stability, with implications for Wnt signaling, cancer therapy and self-organization of biomolecular condensates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Klement
- Experimental Medicine II, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Center, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Martina Brückner
- Experimental Medicine II, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Center, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Dominic B. Bernkopf
- Experimental Medicine II, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Center, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
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13
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Frasch M, Ismat A, Reim I, Raufer J. The RNF220 domain nuclear factor Teyrha-Meyrha (Tey) regulates the migration and differentiation of specific visceral and somatic muscles in Drosophila. Development 2023; 150:dev201457. [PMID: 37642089 PMCID: PMC10508689 DOI: 10.1242/dev.201457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Development of the visceral musculature of the Drosophila midgut encompasses a closely coordinated sequence of migration events of cells from the trunk and caudal visceral mesoderm that underlies the formation of the stereotypic orthogonal pattern of circular and longitudinal midgut muscles. Our study focuses on the last step of migration and morphogenesis of longitudinal visceral muscle precursors and shows that these multinucleated precursors utilize dynamic filopodial extensions to migrate in dorsal and ventral directions over the forming midgut tube. The establishment of maximal dorsoventral distances from one another, and anteroposterior alignments, lead to the equidistant coverage of the midgut with longitudinal muscle fibers. We identify Teyrha-Meyhra (Tey), a tissue-specific nuclear factor related to the RNF220 domain protein family, as a crucial regulator of this process of muscle migration and morphogenesis that is further required for proper differentiation of longitudinal visceral muscles. In addition, Tey is expressed in a single somatic muscle founder cell in each hemisegment, regulates the migration of this founder cell, and is required for proper pathfinding of its developing myotube to specific myotendinous attachment sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manfred Frasch
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Department of Biology, Division of Developmental Biology, Staudtstrasse 5, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Afshan Ismat
- Department of Biology, University of St. Thomas, Saint Paul, MN 55105, USA
| | - Ingolf Reim
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Department of Biology, Division of Developmental Biology, Staudtstrasse 5, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jasmin Raufer
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Department of Biology, Division of Developmental Biology, Staudtstrasse 5, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
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14
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Adhikari R, Brox J, Massicot S, Ruppel M, Jux N, Marbach H, Steinrück HP. Structure and Conformation of Individual Molecules upon Adsorption of a Mixture of Benzoporphyrins on Ag(111), Cu(111), and Cu(110) Surfaces. Chemphyschem 2023; 24:e202300355. [PMID: 37341973 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202300355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the adsorption behavior of a mixture of six 2H-tetrakis-(3, 5-di-tert-butylphenyl)(x)benzoporphyrins (2H-diTTBP(x)BPs, x=0, 1, 2-cis, 2-trans, 3, and 4) on Ag(111), Cu(111) and Cu(110) at room temperature by scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) under ultra-high vacuum conditions. On Ag(111), we observe an ordered two-dimensional square phase, which is stable up to 400 K. On Cu(111), the same square phase coexists with a stripe phase, which disappears at 400 K. In contrast, on Cu(110), 2H-diTTBP(x)BPs adsorb as immobile isolated molecules or dispersed short chains along the [11 ‾ ${\bar{1}}$ 0] substrate direction, which remain intact up to 450 K. The stabilization of the 2D supramolecular structures on Ag(111) and Cu(111), and of the 1D short chains on Cu(110) is attributed to van der Waals interactions between the tert-butyl and phenyl groups of neighboring molecules. From high-resolution STM, we can assign all six 2H-diTTBP(x)BPs within the ordered structures. Moreover, we deduce a crown shape quadratic conformation on Ag(111) and Cu(111), an additional saddle-shape on Cu(111), and an inverted structure and a quadratic appearance on Cu(110). The different conformations are attributed to the different degree of interaction of the iminic nitrogen atoms of the isoindole and pyrrole groups with the substrate atoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajan Adhikari
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstr. 3, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jan Brox
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstr. 3, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Stephen Massicot
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstr. 3, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Michael Ruppel
- Lehrstuhl für Organische Chemie II, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Str. 10, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Norbert Jux
- Lehrstuhl für Organische Chemie II, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Str. 10, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Hubertus Marbach
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstr. 3, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Hans-Peter Steinrück
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstr. 3, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
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15
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Köckenberger J, Klemt I, Sauer C, Arkhypov A, Reshetnikov V, Mokhir A, Heinrich MR. Cyanine- and Rhodamine-Derived Alkynes for the Selective Targeting of Cancerous Mitochondria through Radical Thiol-Yne Coupling in Live Cells. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202301340. [PMID: 37171462 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202301340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Despite their long history and their synthetic potential underlined by various recent advances, radical thiol-yne coupling reactions have so far only rarely been exploited for the functionalization of biomolecules, and no examples yet exist for their application in live cells - although natural thiols show widespread occurrence therein. By taking advantage of the particular cellular conditions of mitochondria in cancer cells, we have demonstrated that radical thiol-yne coupling represents a powerful reaction principle for the selective targeting of these organelles. Within our studies, fluorescently labeled reactive alkyne probes were investigated, for which the fluorescent moiety was chosen to enable both mitochondria accumulation as well as highly sensitive detection. After preliminary studies under cell-free conditions, the most promising alkyne-dye conjugates were evaluated in various cellular experiments comprising analysis by flow cytometry and microscopy. All in all, these results pave the way for improved future therapeutic strategies relying on live-cell compatibility and selectivity among cellular compartments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Köckenberger
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Str. 10, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Insa Klemt
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Organic Chemistry II, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Str. 10, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Caroline Sauer
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Str. 10, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Anton Arkhypov
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Organic Chemistry II, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Str. 10, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Viktor Reshetnikov
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Organic Chemistry II, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Str. 10, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Andriy Mokhir
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Organic Chemistry II, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Str. 10, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Markus R Heinrich
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Str. 10, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
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16
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Zars E, Gravogl L, Gau MR, Carroll PJ, Meyer K, Mindiola DJ. Isostructural bridging diferrous chalcogenide cores [Fe II(μ-E)Fe II] (E = O, S, Se, Te) with decreasing antiferromagnetic coupling down the chalcogenide series. Chem Sci 2023; 14:6770-6779. [PMID: 37350823 PMCID: PMC10283490 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc01094e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Iron compounds containing a bridging oxo or sulfido moiety are ubiquitous in biological systems, but substitution with the heavier chalcogenides selenium and tellurium, however, is much rarer, with only a few examples reported to date. Here we show that treatment of the ferrous starting material [(tBupyrpyrr2)Fe(OEt2)] (1-OEt2) (tBupyrpyrr2 = 3,5-tBu2-bis(pyrrolyl)pyridine) with phosphine chalcogenide reagents E = PR3 results in the neutral phosphine chalcogenide adduct series [(tBupyrpyrr2)Fe(EPR3)] (E = O, S, Se; R = Ph; E = Te; R = tBu) (1-E) without any electron transfer, whereas treatment of the anionic starting material [K]2[(tBupyrpyrr2)Fe2(μ-N2)] (2-N2) with the appropriate chalcogenide transfer source yields cleanly the isostructural ferrous bridging mono-chalcogenide ate complexes [K]2[(tBupyrpyrr2)Fe2(μ-E)] (2-E) (E = O, S, Se, and Te) having significant deviation in the Fe-E-Fe bridge from linear in the case of E = O to more acute for the heaviest chalcogenide. All bridging chalcogenide complexes were analyzed using a variety of spectroscopic techniques, including 1H NMR, UV-Vis electronic absorbtion, and 57Fe Mössbauer. The spin-state and degree of communication between the two ferrous ions were probed via SQUID magnetometry, where it was found that all iron centers were high-spin (S = 2) FeII, with magnetic exchange coupling between the FeII ions. Magnetic studies established that antiferromagnetic coupling between the ferrous ions decreases as the identity of the chalcogen is tuned from O to the heaviest congener Te.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ethan Zars
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania 231 S 34th St Philadelphia PA 19104 USA
| | - Lisa Gravogl
- Department of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen - Nürnberg (FAU) Egerlandstr. 1 91058 Erlangen Bavaria Germany
| | - Michael R Gau
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania 231 S 34th St Philadelphia PA 19104 USA
| | - Patrick J Carroll
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania 231 S 34th St Philadelphia PA 19104 USA
| | - Karsten Meyer
- Department of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen - Nürnberg (FAU) Egerlandstr. 1 91058 Erlangen Bavaria Germany
| | - Daniel J Mindiola
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania 231 S 34th St Philadelphia PA 19104 USA
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Leykauf T, Klein J, Ernst M, Dorfner M, Ignatova A, Kreis W, Lanig H, Munkert J. Overexpression and RNAi-mediated Knockdown of Two 3β-hydroxy-Δ5-steroid dehydrogenase Genes in Digitalis lanata Shoot Cultures Reveal Their Role in Cardenolide Biosynthesis. Planta Med 2023. [PMID: 37187191 DOI: 10.1055/a-2074-9186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
3β-hydroxy-Δ5-steroid dehydrogenases (3βHSDs) are supposed to be involved in 5β-cardenolide biosynthesis. Here, a novel 3βHSD (Dl3βHSD2) was isolated from Digitalis lanata shoot cultures and expressed in E. coli. Recombinant Dl3βHSD1 and Dl3βHSD2 shared 70% amino acid identity, reduced various 3-oxopregnanes and oxidised 3-hydroxypregnanes, but only rDl3βHSD2 converted small ketones and secondary alcohols efficiently. To explain these differences in substrate specificity, we established homology models using borneol dehydrogenase of Salvia rosmarinus (6zyz) as the template. Hydrophobicity and amino acid residues in the binding pocket may explain the difference in enzyme activities and substrate preferences. Compared to Dl3βHSD1, Dl3βHSD2 is weakly expressed in D. lanata shoots. High constitutive expression of Dl3βHSDs was realised by Agrobacterium-mediated transfer of Dl3βHSD genes fused to the CaMV-35S promotor into the genome of D. lanata wild type shoot cultures. Transformed shoots (35S:Dl3βHSD1 and 35S:Dl3βHSD2) accumulated less cardenolides than controls. The levels of reduced glutathione (GSH), which is known to inhibit cardenolide formation, were higher in the 35S:Dl3βHSD1 lines than in the controls. In the 35S:Dl3βHSD1 lines cardenolide levels were restored after adding of the substrate pregnane-3,20-dione in combination with buthionine-sulfoximine (BSO), an inhibitor of GSH formation. RNAi-mediated knockdown of the Dl3βHSD1 yielded several shoot culture lines with strongly reduced cardenolide levels. In these lines, cardenolide biosynthesis was fully restored after addition of the downstream precursor pregnan-3β-ol-20-one, whereas upstream precursors such as progesterone had no effect, indicating that no shunt pathway could overcome the Dl3βHSD1 knockdown. These results can be taken as the first direct proof that Dl3βHSD1 is indeed involved in 5β-cardenolide biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Leykauf
- Department of Biology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jan Klein
- Department of Plant Physiology, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Germany
| | - Mona Ernst
- Department of Biology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Maja Dorfner
- Department of Biology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Anastasiia Ignatova
- Department of Biology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Kreis
- Department of Biology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Harald Lanig
- National High Performance Computing Center (NHR@FAU), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jennifer Munkert
- Department of Biology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
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Zahn A, Koch V, Schreff L, Oschmann P, Winkler J, Gaßner H, Müller R. Validity of an inertial sensor-based system for the assessment of spatio-temporal parameters in people with multiple sclerosis. Front Neurol 2023; 14:1164001. [PMID: 37153677 PMCID: PMC10157085 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1164001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Gait variability in people with multiple sclerosis (PwMS) reflects disease progression or may be used to evaluate treatment response. To date, marker-based camera systems are considered as gold standard to analyze gait impairment in PwMS. These systems might provide reliable data but are limited to a restricted laboratory setting and require knowledge, time, and cost to correctly interpret gait parameters. Inertial mobile sensors might be a user-friendly, environment- and examiner-independent alternative. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the validity of an inertial sensor-based gait analysis system in PwMS compared to a marker-based camera system. Methods A sample N = 39 PwMS and N = 19 healthy participants were requested to repeatedly walk a defined distance at three different self-selected walking speeds (normal, fast, slow). To measure spatio-temporal gait parameters (i.e., walking speed, stride time, stride length, the duration of the stance and swing phase as well as max toe clearance), an inertial sensor system as well as a marker-based camera system were used simultaneously. Results All gait parameters highly correlated between both systems (r > 0.84) with low errors. No bias was detected for stride time. Stance time was marginally overestimated (bias = -0.02 ± 0.03 s) and gait speed (bias = 0.03 ± 0.05 m/s), swing time (bias = 0.02 ± 0.02 s), stride length (0.04 ± 0.06 m), and max toe clearance (bias = 1.88 ± 2.35 cm) were slightly underestimated by the inertial sensors. Discussion The inertial sensor-based system captured appropriately all examined gait parameters in comparison to a gold standard marker-based camera system. Stride time presented an excellent agreement. Furthermore, stride length and velocity presented also low errors. Whereas for stance and swing time, marginally worse results were observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annalena Zahn
- Department of Neurology, Klinikum Bayreuth GmbH, Bayreuth, Germany
- Department of Molecular Neurology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- *Correspondence: Annalena Zahn
| | - Veronika Koch
- Fraunhofer Institute for Integrated Circuits (IIS), Digital Health Systems, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Lucas Schreff
- Department of Neurology, Klinikum Bayreuth GmbH, Bayreuth, Germany
- Bayreuth Center of Sport Science, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Patrick Oschmann
- Department of Neurology, Klinikum Bayreuth GmbH, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Jürgen Winkler
- Department of Molecular Neurology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Heiko Gaßner
- Department of Molecular Neurology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Integrated Circuits (IIS), Digital Health Systems, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Roy Müller
- Department of Neurology, Klinikum Bayreuth GmbH, Bayreuth, Germany
- Department of Molecular Neurology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- Bayreuth Center of Sport Science, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
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de Groot JHB, Haertl T, Loos HM, Bachmann C, Kontouli A, Smeets MAM. Unraveling the universality of chemical fear communication: evidence from behavioral, genetic, and chemical analyses. Chem Senses 2023; 48:bjad046. [PMID: 37944028 PMCID: PMC10718800 DOI: 10.1093/chemse/bjad046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Abundant evidence indicates that humans can communicate threat-related information to conspecifics through their body odors. However, prior research has been primarily conducted on Western (WEIRD) samples. In this study, we aimed to investigate whether threat-related information can be transmitted by individuals of East Asian descent who carry a single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) 538G → A in the ABCC11 gene, which significantly reduces (noticeable) body odor. To examine this, we recruited 18 self-identified male East Asian AA-homozygotes and 18 self-identified male Western individuals who were carriers of the functional G-allele. We collected samples of their fear-related and neutral body odors. Subsequently, we conducted a double-blind behavioral experiment in which we presented these samples to 69 self-identified female participants of Western Caucasian and East Asian backgrounds. The participants were asked to rate faces that were morphed between expressions of fear and disgust. Notably, despite the "odorless" phenotypical expression of the ABCC11-mutation in East Asians, their fear odor caused a perceptual fear bias in both East Asian and Caucasian receivers. This finding leaves open the possibility of universal fear chemosignaling. Additionally, we conducted exploratory chemical analysis to gain initial insights into the chemical composition of the body odors presented. In a subsequent pre-registered behavioral study (N = 33), we found that exposure to hexadecanoic acid, an abundant compound in the fear and neutral body odor samples, was sufficient to reproduce the observed behavioral effects. While exploratory, these findings provide insight into how specific chemical components can drive chemical fear communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasper H B de Groot
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, Nijmegen, 6525 XZ, the Netherlands
| | - Tobias Haertl
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, 91054, Germany
| | - Helene M Loos
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, 91054, Germany
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Fraunhofer Institute for Process Engineering and Packaging, Freising 85354, Germany
| | - Christin Bachmann
- Department of Social, Health, & Organizational Psychology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, 3584 CS, the Netherlands
| | - Athanasia Kontouli
- Department of Social, Health, & Organizational Psychology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, 3584 CS, the Netherlands
| | - Monique A M Smeets
- Department of Social, Health, & Organizational Psychology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, 3584 CS, the Netherlands
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Trefný M, Mischka D, Cihla M, Posluschny AG, Václavík FR, Ney W, Mischka C. Sculpting the Glauberg “prince”. A traceological research of the Celtic sculpture and related fragments from the Glauberg (Hesse, Germany). PLoS One 2022; 17:e0271353. [PMID: 35951640 PMCID: PMC9371317 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0271353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Article presents the results of a complex traceological research of the famous statue of the „prince”of Glauberg, found in an Early La Tène funeral complex in Glauberg (Hesse). Research focused also on two other fragments of related sandstone sculptures, found together with the Glauberger prince. The sandstone „prince”of Glauberg was already in the past a subject of many archaeological studies. Nevertheless, all or absolute majority of them were focused on aspects of art historian nature or on the question of the origin, role and function of such sculptures in the Early Iron Age Central Europe. On the contrary, the aim of our research is oriented exclusively on the questions related to the manufacture of this sculpture, identification of used sculptor´s tools and applied working techniques. Our research was realised by means of digital documentation followed by the aplication of traceological methods. The character of the survived working traces on the sculpture´s surfaces was studied by mechanoscopy, while the material of used tools was determined by X-ray fluorescence. The reconstructions of used tools were compared with the existing tools as represented by the Iron Age archaeological finds. This comparison was oriented on the most relevant regions of developed La Tène culture, particularly on South Western Germany and Bohemia. However, also other relevant area, significant as the possible source of inspiration of Celtic sculptors for the creation of the monumental sculpture–Apennine peninsula, was taken into consideration. Our research revealed individual steps and phases during the sculpture´s manufacture, enabled the reconstrucion of used tools and confirmed real existence of such tools in mentioned regions. Finally it has brought first indices of the necessity of the distinguishing between ideological and technological aspects of related Celtic sculpture, when considering possible influence of Apennine peninsula on transalpine Central Europe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Trefný
- Institute for Pre- and Protohistory, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
- Institute of History, University of J. E. Purkyně, Ústí nad Labem, Czech Republic
- * E-mail: (MT); (DM)
| | - Doris Mischka
- Institute for Pre- and Protohistory, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
- * E-mail: (MT); (DM)
| | - Michal Cihla
- Department of Monument Diagnostics and Conservation, Institute of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics, Prague, Czech Republic
| | | | - František R. Václavík
- Institute of Historical Sciences, University of Pardubice, Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - Wolfram Ney
- Institut für Altertumswissenschaften, Johannes Gutenberg Universität Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Carsten Mischka
- Institute for Pre- and Protohistory, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
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21
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Yalcin Mutlu M, Taubmann J, Wacker J, Tascilar K, Fagni F, Gerner M, Klett D, Schett G, Manger B, Simon D. Neutralizing monoclonal antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 for COVID-19 pneumonia in a rituximab treated patient with systemic sclerosis—A case report and literature review. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:934169. [PMID: 35991632 PMCID: PMC9381861 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.934169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with immune-mediated diseases (IMID) such as systemic sclerosis (SSc), who are treated with B cell depleting treatments, are at risk for developing severe COVID-19 due to inadequate humoral immune response. During B cell depletion, therapeutic substitution of neutralizing monoclonal antibodies against the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein (mAbs) might be helpful to prevent severe COVID-19. It has been shown, that in non-IMID patients mABs reduce SARS-CoV-2 viral load and lower the risk of COVID-19 associated hospitalization or death. However, there are limited data on the effect of mAbs in IMID patients after exposure, especially in patients treated with B cell depleting agents. Herein, we report a case of a rituximab treated SSc patient who developed COVID-19 and was successfully treated with a combination of mAbs (casirivimab/imdevimab). With this case we show that IMID patients may benefit from post-exposure administration of mAbs. In our case treatment with neutralizing autoantibodies was safe and a possible contributor in protecting the patient from mechanical ventilation and eventually death. We frame this case within the current evidence from the literature and provide a perspective on the future potential role of mAbs for treating IMID patients suffering from COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melek Yalcin Mutlu
- Department of Internal Medicine 3, Friedrich-Alexander University (FAU) Erlangen-Nuremberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum fuer Immuntherapie (DZI), FAU Erlangen-Nuremberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jule Taubmann
- Department of Internal Medicine 3, Friedrich-Alexander University (FAU) Erlangen-Nuremberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum fuer Immuntherapie (DZI), FAU Erlangen-Nuremberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jochen Wacker
- Department of Internal Medicine 3, Friedrich-Alexander University (FAU) Erlangen-Nuremberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum fuer Immuntherapie (DZI), FAU Erlangen-Nuremberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Koray Tascilar
- Department of Internal Medicine 3, Friedrich-Alexander University (FAU) Erlangen-Nuremberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum fuer Immuntherapie (DZI), FAU Erlangen-Nuremberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Filippo Fagni
- Department of Internal Medicine 3, Friedrich-Alexander University (FAU) Erlangen-Nuremberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum fuer Immuntherapie (DZI), FAU Erlangen-Nuremberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Maximilian Gerner
- Deutsches Zentrum fuer Immuntherapie (DZI), FAU Erlangen-Nuremberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine 1, FAU Erlangen-Nuremberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Daniel Klett
- Deutsches Zentrum fuer Immuntherapie (DZI), FAU Erlangen-Nuremberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine 1, FAU Erlangen-Nuremberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Georg Schett
- Department of Internal Medicine 3, Friedrich-Alexander University (FAU) Erlangen-Nuremberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum fuer Immuntherapie (DZI), FAU Erlangen-Nuremberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Bernhard Manger
- Department of Internal Medicine 3, Friedrich-Alexander University (FAU) Erlangen-Nuremberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum fuer Immuntherapie (DZI), FAU Erlangen-Nuremberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - David Simon
- Department of Internal Medicine 3, Friedrich-Alexander University (FAU) Erlangen-Nuremberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum fuer Immuntherapie (DZI), FAU Erlangen-Nuremberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- *Correspondence: David Simon,
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von Zimmermann C, Brückner L, Mühle C, Weinland C, Kornhuber J, Lenz B. Bioimpedance Body Measures and Serum Lipid Levels in Masculine Depression. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:794351. [PMID: 35928779 PMCID: PMC9343577 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.794351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a main reason for suicide, and serum lipids are involved in both affective disorders and related suicidal behavior. Moreover, masculine depression has been suggested as a subtype of depression with an increased risk for suicide. Here, we studied the relationship between body measures, serum lipids, suicidal thoughts, and masculine depression. Methods Depressed patients (44% women) were divided by a sex-separated median-split into a group of 81 "patients with masculine depression" (mean age ± standard error: 36.4 ± 1.6 years) and a group of 82 "patients with non-masculine depression" (age 45.7 ± 1.6 years) according to the Male Depression Risk Scale. We compared body measures, serum lipid levels, and past suicidal ideation between these groups and explored differences between these groups and 176 healthy controls (51% women; age 37.2 ± 1.0 years). Results Patients with masculine depression did not significantly differ from patients with non-masculine depression in any of the body measures, lipid markers, or suicidal thoughts. Compared to healthy controls, both patient groups showed significantly higher body fat (B[masculine depression] = 0.041 and B[non-masculine depression] = 0.050), lower high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol (B = -0.045 and -0.044), and a higher risk for suicidal thoughts (B = 3.927 and 2.663) than healthy controls. Suicidal thoughts were significantly associated with lower low-density lipoprotein (LDL)/HDL ratios (B = -0.455) in patients with depression and with higher LDL cholesterol levels (B = 0.020) in healthy controls subjects. Limitation Correlational study design and focus on in-patients. Conclusion In the studied cohort, masculine depression was not significantly associated with the analyzed parameters of body measures, serum lipids, or suicidal thoughts in in-patients with depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia von Zimmermann
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Lena Brückner
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christiane Mühle
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christian Weinland
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Johannes Kornhuber
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Bernd Lenz
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
- Department of Addictive Behavior and Addiction Medicine, Central Institute of Mental Health (CIMH), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
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Folle L, Simon D, Tascilar K, Krönke G, Liphardt AM, Maier A, Schett G, Kleyer A. Deep Learning-Based Classification of Inflammatory Arthritis by Identification of Joint Shape Patterns—How Neural Networks Can Tell Us Where to “Deep Dive” Clinically. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:850552. [PMID: 35360728 PMCID: PMC8960274 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.850552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: We investigated whether a neural network based on the shape of joints can differentiate between rheumatoid arthritis (RA), psoriatic arthritis (PsA), and healthy controls (HC), which class patients with undifferentiated arthritis (UA) are assigned to, and whether this neural network is able to identify disease-specific regions in joints. Methods We trained a novel neural network on 3D articular bone shapes of hand joints of RA and PsA patients as well as HC. Bone shapes were created from high-resolution peripheral-computed-tomography (HR-pQCT) data of the second metacarpal bone head. Heat maps of critical spots were generated using GradCAM. After training, we fed shape patterns of UA into the neural network to classify them into RA, PsA, or HC. Results Hand bone shapes from 932 HR-pQCT scans of 617 patients were available. The network could differentiate the classes with an area-under-receiver-operator-curve of 82% for HC, 75% for RA, and 68% for PsA. Heat maps identified anatomical regions such as bare area or ligament attachments prone to erosions and bony spurs. When feeding UA data into the neural network, 86% were classified as “RA,” 11% as “PsA,” and 3% as “HC” based on the joint shape. Conclusion We investigated neural networks to differentiate the shape of joints of RA, PsA, and HC and extracted disease-specific characteristics as heat maps on 3D joint shapes that can be utilized in clinical routine examination using ultrasound. Finally, unspecific diseases such as UA could be grouped using the trained network based on joint shape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Folle
- Pattern Recognition Lab—Computer Science, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - David Simon
- Department of Internal Medicine 3—Rheumatology and Immunology, FAU Erlangen-Nürnberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Immuntherapie, FAU Erlangen-Nürnberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Koray Tascilar
- Department of Internal Medicine 3—Rheumatology and Immunology, FAU Erlangen-Nürnberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Immuntherapie, FAU Erlangen-Nürnberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Gerhard Krönke
- Department of Internal Medicine 3—Rheumatology and Immunology, FAU Erlangen-Nürnberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Immuntherapie, FAU Erlangen-Nürnberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Anna-Maria Liphardt
- Department of Internal Medicine 3—Rheumatology and Immunology, FAU Erlangen-Nürnberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Immuntherapie, FAU Erlangen-Nürnberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Andreas Maier
- Pattern Recognition Lab—Computer Science, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Georg Schett
- Department of Internal Medicine 3—Rheumatology and Immunology, FAU Erlangen-Nürnberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Immuntherapie, FAU Erlangen-Nürnberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Arnd Kleyer
- Department of Internal Medicine 3—Rheumatology and Immunology, FAU Erlangen-Nürnberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Immuntherapie, FAU Erlangen-Nürnberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- *Correspondence: Arnd Kleyer
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Bliek A, Bekrater-Bodmann R, Beckerle P. Cognitive Models of Limb Embodiment in Structurally Varying Bodies: A Theoretical Perspective. Front Psychol 2021; 12:716976. [PMID: 35002827 PMCID: PMC8732998 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.716976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Using the seminal rubber hand illusion and related paradigms, the last two decades unveiled the multisensory mechanisms underlying the sense of limb embodiment, that is, the cognitive integration of an artificial limb into one's body representation. Since also individuals with amputations can be induced to embody an artificial limb by multimodal sensory stimulation, it can be assumed that the involved computational mechanisms are universal and independent of the perceiver's physical integrity. This is anything but trivial, since experimentally induced embodiment has been related to the embodiment of prostheses in limb amputees, representing a crucial rehabilitative goal with clinical implications. However, until now there is no unified theoretical framework to explain limb embodiment in structurally varying bodies. In the present work, we suggest extensions of the existing Bayesian models on limb embodiment in normally-limbed persons in order to apply them to the specific situation in limb amputees lacking the limb as physical effector. We propose that adjusted weighting of included parameters of a unified modeling framework, rather than qualitatively different model structures for normally-limbed and amputated individuals, is capable of explaining embodiment in structurally varying bodies. Differences in the spatial representation of the close environment (peripersonal space) and the limb (phantom limb awareness) as well as sensorimotor learning processes associated with limb loss and the use of prostheses might be crucial modulators for embodiment of artificial limbs in individuals with limb amputation. We will discuss implications of our extended Bayesian model for basic research and clinical contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adna Bliek
- Chair of Autonomous Systems and Mechatronics, Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Robin Bekrater-Bodmann
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Philipp Beckerle
- Chair of Autonomous Systems and Mechatronics, Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
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25
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Kuliga J, de Campos Ferreirra RC, Adhikari R, Massicot S, Lepper M, Hölzel H, Jux N, Marbach H, de Siervo A, Steinrück H. Metalation of 2HTCNPP on Ag(111) with Zn: Evidence for the Sitting atop Complex at Room Temperature. Chemphyschem 2021; 22:396-403. [PMID: 33285027 PMCID: PMC7986197 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202000883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
We study the interaction and metalation reaction of a free base 5,10,15,20-terakis(4-cyanophenyl)porphyrin (2HTCNPP) with post-deposited Zn atoms and the targeted reaction product Zn-5,10,15,20-terakis(4-cyanophenyl)porphyrin (ZnTCNPP) on a Ag(111) surface. The investigations are performed with scanning tunneling microscopy at room temperature after Zn deposition and subsequent heating. The goal is to obtain further insights in the metalation reaction and the influence of the cyanogroups on this reaction. The interaction of 2HTCNPP with post-deposited Zn leads to the formation of three different 2D ordered island types that coexist on the surface. All contain a new species with a bright appearance, which increases with the amount of post-deposited Zn. We attribute this to metastable SAT ("sitting atop") complexes formed by Zn and the macrocycle, that is, an intermediate in the metalation reaction to ZnTCNPP, which occurs upon heating to 500 K. Interestingly, the activation barrier for the successive reaction of the SAT complex to the metalated ZnTCNPP species can also be overcome by a voltage pulse applied to the STM tip.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Kuliga
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie IIFriedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-NürnbergEgerlandstr. 391058ErlangenGermany
| | | | - Rajan Adhikari
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie IIFriedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-NürnbergEgerlandstr. 391058ErlangenGermany
| | - Stephen Massicot
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie IIFriedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-NürnbergEgerlandstr. 391058ErlangenGermany
| | - Michael Lepper
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie IIFriedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-NürnbergEgerlandstr. 391058ErlangenGermany
| | - Helen Hölzel
- Lehrstuhl für Organische Chemie IIFriedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-NürnbergNikolaus-Fiebiger-Str. 1091058ErlangenGermany
| | - Norbert Jux
- Lehrstuhl für Organische Chemie IIFriedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-NürnbergNikolaus-Fiebiger-Str. 1091058ErlangenGermany
| | - Hubertus Marbach
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie IIFriedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-NürnbergEgerlandstr. 391058ErlangenGermany
| | - Abner de Siervo
- Instituto de Física “Gleb Wataghin”Universidade Estadual de CampinasCampinas13083-859SPBrazil
| | - Hans‐Peter Steinrück
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie IIFriedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-NürnbergEgerlandstr. 391058ErlangenGermany
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26
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Hardwick JS, Haugland MM, El-Sagheer AH, Ptchelkine D, Beierlein FR, Lane AN, Brown T, Lovett JE, Anderson EA. 2'-Alkynyl spin-labelling is a minimally perturbing tool for DNA structural analysis. Nucleic Acids Res 2020; 48:2830-2840. [PMID: 32052020 PMCID: PMC7102949 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkaa086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Revised: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The determination of distances between specific points in nucleic acids is essential to understanding their behaviour at the molecular level. The ability to measure distances of 2-10 nm is particularly important: deformations arising from protein binding commonly fall within this range, but the reliable measurement of such distances for a conformational ensemble remains a significant challenge. Using several techniques, we show that electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy of oligonucleotides spin-labelled with triazole-appended nitroxides at the 2' position offers a robust and minimally perturbing tool for obtaining such measurements. For two nitroxides, we present results from EPR spectroscopy, X-ray crystal structures of B-form spin-labelled DNA duplexes, molecular dynamics simulations and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. These four methods are mutually supportive, and pinpoint the locations of the spin labels on the duplexes. In doing so, this work establishes 2'-alkynyl nitroxide spin-labelling as a minimally perturbing method for probing DNA conformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack S Hardwick
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Marius M Haugland
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Afaf H El-Sagheer
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
- Chemistry Branch, Department of Science and Mathematics, Faculty of Petroleum and Mining Engineering, Suez University, Suez 43721, Egypt
| | - Denis Ptchelkine
- Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headley Way, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK
- Research Complex at Harwell, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, OX11 0FA, UK
| | - Frank R Beierlein
- Computer-Chemistry-Center and Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nägelsbachstrasse 25, 91052 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Andrew N Lane
- Center for Environmental and Systems Biochemistry and Department of Toxicology & Cancer Biology, The University of Kentucky, 789 S. Limestone St., Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Tom Brown
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Janet E Lovett
- SUPA School of Physics and Astronomy and BSRC, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews KY16 9SS, UK
| | - Edward A Anderson
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
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Hetzer C, Basel BS, Kopp SM, Hampel F, White FJ, Clark T, Guldi DM, Tykwinski RR. Chromophore Multiplication To Enable Exciton Delocalization and Triplet Diffusion Following Singlet Fission in Tetrameric Pentacene. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:15263-15267. [PMID: 31342607 PMCID: PMC7497398 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201907221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
A tetrameric pentacene, PT, has been used to explore the effects of exciton delocalization on singlet fission (SF). For the first time, triplet decorrelation through intramolecular triplet diffusion was observed following SF. Transient absorption spectroscopy was used to examine different decorrelation mechanisms (triplet diffusion versus structural changes) for PT and its dimeric equivalent PD on the basis of the rate and activation barrier of the decorrelation step. Charge-separation experiments using tetracyano-p-quinodimethane (TCNQ) to quench triplet excitons formed through SF demonstrate that enhanced intersystem crossing, that is, spin catalysis, is a widely underestimated obstacle to quantitative harvesting of the SF products. The importance of spatial separation of the decorrelated triplet states is emphasized, and independent proof that the decorrelated triplet pair state consists of two (T1 ) states per molecule is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constantin Hetzer
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy and Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM)Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU)Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Strasse 1091058ErlangenGermany
| | - Bettina S. Basel
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy and Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM), FAUEgerlandstrasse 391058ErlangenGermany
| | - Sebastian M. Kopp
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of AlbertaEdmontonAlbertaT6G 2G2Canada
| | - Frank Hampel
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy and Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM)Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU)Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Strasse 1091058ErlangenGermany
| | - Fraser J. White
- Rigaku Europe, Unit B6Chaucer Business ParkWatery Lane, KemsingSevenoaksTN15 6QYUK
| | - Timothy Clark
- Computer Chemistry CenterDepartment of Chemistry and Pharmacy, FAUNägelsbachstrasse 2591052ErlangenGermany
| | - Dirk M. Guldi
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy and Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM), FAUEgerlandstrasse 391058ErlangenGermany
| | - Rik R. Tykwinski
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of AlbertaEdmontonAlbertaT6G 2G2Canada
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Röhrig W, Achenbach S, Deutsch B, Pischetsrieder M. Quantification of 24 circulating endocannabinoids, endocannabinoid-related compounds, and their phospholipid precursors in human plasma by UHPLC-MS/MS. J Lipid Res 2019; 60:1475-1488. [PMID: 31235475 PMCID: PMC6672038 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.d094680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Revised: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Endocannabinoids and endocannabinoid-related compounds (ERCs) are involved in many physiological processes. They are released on demand from phosphoinositide and N-acylphosphatidyl ethanolamine (NAPE) precursors and comprise 2-monoacylglycerols (2-MGs) and FA ethanolamides (FEAs). Despite the abundance of advanced quantitative methods, however, their determined concentrations in blood plasma are inconsistent because 2-MGs and FEAs undergo artifactual de novo formation, chemical isomerization, and degradation during sample collection and storage. For a comprehensive survey of these compounds in blood and plasma, we have developed and validated an ultra-HPLC-MS/MS method to quantify 24 endocannabinoids, ERCs, and their phospholipid precursors. Immediate acidification of EDTA-blood to pH 5.8 blocked artifactual FEA formation for at least 4 h on ice. The 2-MGs were stabilized after plasma harvest with 0.5 M potassium thiocyanate at pH 4.7. FEA and MG plasma concentrations in six healthy volunteers ranged between 0.04-3.48 and 0.63-6.18 ng/ml, respectively. Interestingly, only 1-5% of circulating FEAs were present in their free form, while the majority was bound to NAPEs. Similarly, 97% of 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) was bound to a potential phosphoinositide pool. The herein-described stabilization and extraction methods may now be used to reliably and comprehensively quantify endocannabinoids, ERCs, and their phospholipid precursors in clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waldemar Röhrig
- Food Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Emil Fischer Center, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Susanne Achenbach
- Department of Transfusion Medicine and Hemostaseology Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Birgit Deutsch
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Monika Pischetsrieder
- Food Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Emil Fischer Center, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
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29
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Eiche C, Birkholz T, Jobst E, Gall C, Prottengeier J. Well-being and PTSD in German emergency medical services - A nationwide cross-sectional survey. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0220154. [PMID: 31335903 PMCID: PMC6650072 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0220154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Emergency medical service (EMS) can be a burdensome occupational field, and employees can be confronted with traumatizing events. Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression rates among paramedics are considered higher than those in the general population. In the German setting of a physician-based EMS system, the literature provides little data on PTSD or non-PTSD-related mental health or on the correlation between PTSD and well-being. Methods The study collected data through a nationwide cross-sectional questionnaire survey of the German EMS. Next to gathering sociodemographic data, it used the 5-item World Health Organization Well-Being Index (WHO-5) and the Short Screening Scale for the DSM-IV-PTSD to assess well-being and identify indicators of depression and PTSD. Results A total of 2,731 paramedics and emergency physicians participated in the survey; 2,684 questionnaires were submitted to analysis. The average WHO-5 score was 53.15%. A total of 43.4% of participants screened positive for possible depression, as indicated by a WHO-5 score below 50%. Female gender, older age, higher total years spent working in EMS and increased body mass index were significantly correlated with lower well-being. A total of 5.4% of respondents had a positive PTSD screening result. In particular, older employees were significantly more likely to test positive for PTSD (12.2% of those over 50 years, compared to 2.8% of those under 30 years). Positive PTSD screening results were associated with significantly lower well-being. Over an average period of 1 year, the paramedics reported perceiving a median of 2 emergency missions as mentally distressing. Conclusion Low well-being and PTSD seem to be relevant experiences among German EMS despite their perception of low numbers of emergency responses as mentally distressing. Paramedics who have been diagnosed with PTSD should be investigated for depression and vice versa, as correlations in both directions exist. Special attention should be paid to older employees, who have significantly lower well-being and higher PTSD rates compared to younger employees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Eiche
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Torsten Birkholz
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Eva Jobst
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christine Gall
- Department of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Johannes Prottengeier
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
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30
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Wild S, Fickert M, Mitrovic A, Lloret V, Neiss C, Vidal‐Moya JA, Rivero‐Crespo MÁ, Leyva‐Pérez A, Werbach K, Peterlik H, Grabau M, Wittkämper H, Papp C, Steinrück H, Pichler T, Görling A, Hauke F, Abellán G, Hirsch A. Lattice Opening upon Bulk Reductive Covalent Functionalization of Black Phosphorus. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:5763-5768. [PMID: 30675972 PMCID: PMC7318246 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201811181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Revised: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The chemical bulk reductive covalent functionalization of thin-layer black phosphorus (BP) using BP intercalation compounds has been developed. Through effective reductive activation, covalent functionalization of the charged BP by reaction with organic alkyl halides is achieved. Functionalization was extensively demonstrated by means of several spectroscopic techniques and DFT calculations; the products showed higher functionalization degrees than those obtained by neutral routes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Wild
- Chair of Organic Chemistry II and Joint Institute of Advanced Materials and Processes (ZMP)Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU)Nikolaus-Fiebiger Strasse 1091058Erlangen and Dr.-Mack Strasse 81, 90762 FürthGermany
| | - Michael Fickert
- Chair of Organic Chemistry II and Joint Institute of Advanced Materials and Processes (ZMP)Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU)Nikolaus-Fiebiger Strasse 1091058Erlangen and Dr.-Mack Strasse 81, 90762 FürthGermany
| | - Aleksandra Mitrovic
- Chair of Organic Chemistry II and Joint Institute of Advanced Materials and Processes (ZMP)Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU)Nikolaus-Fiebiger Strasse 1091058Erlangen and Dr.-Mack Strasse 81, 90762 FürthGermany
| | - Vicent Lloret
- Chair of Organic Chemistry II and Joint Institute of Advanced Materials and Processes (ZMP)Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU)Nikolaus-Fiebiger Strasse 1091058Erlangen and Dr.-Mack Strasse 81, 90762 FürthGermany
| | - Christian Neiss
- Lehrstuhl für Theoretische Chemie and Interdisciplinary Center of Molecular Materials (ICMM)Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU)Egerlandstrasse 391058ErlangenGermany
| | - José Alejandro Vidal‐Moya
- Instituto de Tecnología QuímicaUniversidad Politécnica de Valencia-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones CientíficasAvda. de los Naranjos s/n46022ValenciaSpain
| | - Miguel Ángel Rivero‐Crespo
- Instituto de Tecnología QuímicaUniversidad Politécnica de Valencia-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones CientíficasAvda. de los Naranjos s/n46022ValenciaSpain
| | - Antonio Leyva‐Pérez
- Instituto de Tecnología QuímicaUniversidad Politécnica de Valencia-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones CientíficasAvda. de los Naranjos s/n46022ValenciaSpain
| | - Katharina Werbach
- Faculty of PhysicsUniversity of ViennaStrudlhofgasse 41090ViennaAustria
| | - Herwig Peterlik
- Faculty of PhysicsUniversity of ViennaStrudlhofgasse 41090ViennaAustria
| | - Mathias Grabau
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II, FAUEgerlandstraße 391058ErlangenGermany
| | - Haiko Wittkämper
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II, FAUEgerlandstraße 391058ErlangenGermany
| | - Christian Papp
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II, FAUEgerlandstraße 391058ErlangenGermany
| | | | - Thomas Pichler
- Faculty of PhysicsUniversity of ViennaStrudlhofgasse 41090ViennaAustria
| | - Andreas Görling
- Lehrstuhl für Theoretische Chemie and Interdisciplinary Center of Molecular Materials (ICMM)Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU)Egerlandstrasse 391058ErlangenGermany
| | - Frank Hauke
- Chair of Organic Chemistry II and Joint Institute of Advanced Materials and Processes (ZMP)Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU)Nikolaus-Fiebiger Strasse 1091058Erlangen and Dr.-Mack Strasse 81, 90762 FürthGermany
| | - Gonzalo Abellán
- Chair of Organic Chemistry II and Joint Institute of Advanced Materials and Processes (ZMP)Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU)Nikolaus-Fiebiger Strasse 1091058Erlangen and Dr.-Mack Strasse 81, 90762 FürthGermany
- Instituto de Ciencia Molecular (ICMol)Universidad de ValenciaCatedrático José Beltrán 246980, PaternaValenciaSpain
| | - Andreas Hirsch
- Chair of Organic Chemistry II and Joint Institute of Advanced Materials and Processes (ZMP)Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU)Nikolaus-Fiebiger Strasse 1091058Erlangen and Dr.-Mack Strasse 81, 90762 FürthGermany
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Ray S, Rosenberg MI, Chanut-Delalande H, Decaras A, Schwertner B, Toubiana W, Auman T, Schnellhammer I, Teuscher M, Valenti P, Khila A, Klingler M, Payre F. The mlpt/Ubr3/Svb module comprises an ancient developmental switch for embryonic patterning. eLife 2019; 8:e39748. [PMID: 30896406 PMCID: PMC6428570 DOI: 10.7554/elife.39748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Small open reading frames (smORFs) encoding 'micropeptides' exhibit remarkable evolutionary complexity. Conserved peptides encoded by mille-pattes (mlpt)/polished rice (pri)/tarsal less (tal) are essential for embryo segmentation in Tribolium but, in Drosophila, function in terminal epidermal differentiation and patterning of adult legs. Here, we show that a molecular complex identified in Drosophila epidermal differentiation, comprising Mlpt peptides, ubiquitin-ligase Ubr3 and transcription factor Shavenbaby (Svb), represents an ancient developmental module required for early insect embryo patterning. We find that loss of segmentation function for this module in flies evolved concomitantly with restriction of Svb expression in early Drosophila embryos. Consistent with this observation, artificially restoring early Svb expression in flies causes segmentation defects that depend on mlpt function, demonstrating enduring potency of an ancestral developmental switch despite evolving embryonic patterning modes. These results highlight the evolutionary plasticity of conserved molecular complexes under the constraints of essential genetic networks. Editorial note This article has been through an editorial process in which the authors decide how to respond to the issues raised during peer review. The Reviewing Editor's assessment is that all the issues have been addressed (see decision letter).
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Affiliation(s)
- Suparna Ray
- Department of Biology, Developmental BiologyUniversity of Erlangen-NurembergErlangenGermany
| | - Miriam I Rosenberg
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and BehaviorHebrew University of JerusalemJerusalemIsrael
| | | | | | - Barbara Schwertner
- Department of Biology, Developmental BiologyUniversity of Erlangen-NurembergErlangenGermany
| | | | - Tzach Auman
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and BehaviorHebrew University of JerusalemJerusalemIsrael
| | - Irene Schnellhammer
- Department of Biology, Developmental BiologyUniversity of Erlangen-NurembergErlangenGermany
| | - Matthias Teuscher
- Department of Biology, Developmental BiologyUniversity of Erlangen-NurembergErlangenGermany
| | - Philippe Valenti
- Centre de Biologie du Développement, Université Paul Sabatier de ToulouseToulouseFrance
| | | | - Martin Klingler
- Department of Biology, Developmental BiologyUniversity of Erlangen-NurembergErlangenGermany
| | - François Payre
- Centre de Biologie du Développement, Université Paul Sabatier de ToulouseToulouseFrance
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32
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Dechet MA, Gómez Bonilla JS, Lanzl L, Drummer D, Bück A, Schmidt J, Peukert W. Spherical Polybutylene Terephthalate (PBT)-Polycarbonate (PC) Blend Particles by Mechanical Alloying and Thermal Rounding. Polymers (Basel) 2018; 10:E1373. [PMID: 30961298 PMCID: PMC6401783 DOI: 10.3390/polym10121373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Revised: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, the feasibility of co-grinding and the subsequent thermal rounding to produce spherical polymer blend particles for selective laser sintering (SLS) is demonstrated for polybutylene terephthalate (PBT) and polycarbonate (PC). The polymers are jointly comminuted in a planetary ball mill, and the obtained product particles are rounded in a heated downer reactor. The size distribution of PBT⁻PC composite particles is characterized with laser diffraction particle sizing, while the shape and morphology are investigated via scanning electron microscopy (SEM). A thorough investigation and characterization of the polymer intermixing in single particles is achieved via staining techniques and Raman microscopy. Furthermore, polarized light microscopy on thin film cuts enables the visualization of polymer mixing inside the particles. Trans-esterification between PBT and PC during the process steps is investigated via vibrational spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). In this way, a new process route for the production of novel polymer blend particle systems for SLS is developed and carefully analyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian A Dechet
- Institute of Particle Technology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Cauerstraße 4, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany.
- Interdisciplinary Center for Functional Particle Systems, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Haberstraße 9a, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany.
- Collaborative Research Center 814-Additive Manufacturing, Am Weichselgarten 9, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Juan S Gómez Bonilla
- Institute of Particle Technology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Cauerstraße 4, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany.
- Interdisciplinary Center for Functional Particle Systems, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Haberstraße 9a, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany.
- Collaborative Research Center 814-Additive Manufacturing, Am Weichselgarten 9, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Lydia Lanzl
- Collaborative Research Center 814-Additive Manufacturing, Am Weichselgarten 9, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany.
- Institute of Polymer Technology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Am Weichselgarten 9, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Dietmar Drummer
- Collaborative Research Center 814-Additive Manufacturing, Am Weichselgarten 9, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany.
- Institute of Polymer Technology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Am Weichselgarten 9, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Andreas Bück
- Institute of Particle Technology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Cauerstraße 4, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany.
- Interdisciplinary Center for Functional Particle Systems, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Haberstraße 9a, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany.
- Collaborative Research Center 814-Additive Manufacturing, Am Weichselgarten 9, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Jochen Schmidt
- Institute of Particle Technology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Cauerstraße 4, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany.
- Interdisciplinary Center for Functional Particle Systems, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Haberstraße 9a, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany.
- Collaborative Research Center 814-Additive Manufacturing, Am Weichselgarten 9, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Wolfgang Peukert
- Institute of Particle Technology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Cauerstraße 4, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany.
- Interdisciplinary Center for Functional Particle Systems, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Haberstraße 9a, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany.
- Collaborative Research Center 814-Additive Manufacturing, Am Weichselgarten 9, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany.
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Rottensteiner-Brandl U, Detsch R, Sarker B, Lingens L, Köhn K, Kneser U, Bosserhoff AK, Horch RE, Boccaccini AR, Arkudas A. Encapsulation of Rat Bone Marrow Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Alginate Dialdehyde/Gelatin Microbeads with and without Nanoscaled Bioactive Glass for In Vivo Bone Tissue Engineering. Materials (Basel) 2018; 11:E1880. [PMID: 30275427 PMCID: PMC6213117 DOI: 10.3390/ma11101880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Revised: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 09/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Alginate dialdehyde (ADA), gelatin, and nano-scaled bioactive glass (nBG) particles are being currently investigated for their potential use as three-dimensional scaffolding materials for bone tissue engineering. ADA and gelatin provide a three-dimensional scaffold with properties supporting cell adhesion and proliferation. Combined with nanocristalline BG, this composition closely mimics the mineral phase of bone. In the present study, rat bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), commonly used as an osteogenic cell source, were evaluated after encapsulation into ADA-gelatin hydrogel with and without nBG. High cell survival was found in vitro for up to 28 days with or without addition of nBG assessed by calcein staining, proving the cell-friendly encapsulation process. After subcutaneous implantation into rats, survival was assessed by DAPI/TUNEL fluorescence staining. Hematoxylin-eosin staining and immunohistochemical staining for the macrophage marker ED1 (CD68) and the endothelial cell marker lectin were used to evaluate immune reaction and vascularization. After in vivo implantation, high cell survival was found after 1 week, with a notable decrease after 4 weeks. Immune reaction was very mild, proving the biocompatibility of the material. Angiogenesis in implanted constructs was significantly improved by cell encapsulation, compared to cell-free beads, as the implanted MSCs were able to attract endothelial cells. Constructs with nBG showed higher numbers of vital MSCs and lectin positive endothelial cells, thus showing a higher degree of angiogenesis, although this difference was not significant. These results support the use of ADA/gelatin/nBG as a scaffold and of MSCs as a source of osteogenic cells for bone tissue engineering. Future studies should however improve long term cell survival and focus on differentiation potential of encapsulated cells in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrike Rottensteiner-Brandl
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany.
- Institute of Biochemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Rainer Detsch
- Institute of Biomaterials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Bapi Sarker
- Institute of Biomaterials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Lara Lingens
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Katrin Köhn
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Ulrich Kneser
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany.
- Department of Hand-, Plastic- and Reconstructive Surgery-Burn Center, BG Trauma Center Ludwigshafen, University of Heidelberg, 67071 Ludwigshafen, Germany.
| | - Anja K Bosserhoff
- Institute of Biochemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Raymund E Horch
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Aldo R Boccaccini
- Institute of Biomaterials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Andreas Arkudas
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany.
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Gillmann C, Coras R, Rössler K, Doerfler A, Uder M, Blümcke I, Bäuerle T. Ultra-high field MRI of human hippocampi: Morphological and multiparametric differentiation of hippocampal sclerosis subtypes. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0196008. [PMID: 29668721 PMCID: PMC5906020 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0196008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study is to differentiate subtypes of hippocampal sclerosis (HS) using ex vivo ultra-high field magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Included were 14 surgically resected hippocampi of patients with medically intractable temporal lobe epilepsy. The resected hippocampi were histologically categorized into subtypes of hippocampal sclerosis (HS type 1 (n = 10), HS type 2 (n = 2) and no-HS (n = 2)) and subsequently scanned on a preclinical 7T MRI acquiring T2-weighted morphology, relaxometry and diffusion tensor imaging. On the morphological images, the pyramidal cell layer (PCL) of the hippocampus was segmented and the following parameters were derived: T2 signal intensity, T1-, T2- and T2*-relaxation times, apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean diffusivity (MD). Furthermore, the area of the PCL was determined, as well as the parameter product which refers to the widths of the PCL parallel and perpendicular to the stratum moleculare. Spearman correlation coefficient was used to demonstrate relationships between MR-parameters and type of sclerosis. In comparison to no-HS specimens, the PCL was significantly narrower in HS type 1 and HS type 2 hippocampi. This narrowing affected the entire cornu ammonis sector (CA) 1 in HS type 1, while it was limited to the upper half of CA1 in direction to CA2 in HS type 2. The parameter product median increased from 0.43 to 1.67 and 2.91 mm2 for HS type 1, HS type 2 and no-HS, respectively. Correlation coefficients were significant for the PCL parameters product (0.73), area (0.71), T2*-time (-0.67), FA (0.65) and ADC (0.55). Our initial results suggest that HS type 1, HS type 2 and no-HS subtypes can be distinguished from each other using ex vivo UHF MRI based on T2-weighted morphologic images and the assessment of the parameter product. Upon clinical translation, UHF-MRI may provide a promising technique for the preoperative differentiation of HS subtypes in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clarissa Gillmann
- Institute of Radiology, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Roland Coras
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Karl Rössler
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Arnd Doerfler
- Department of Neuroradiology, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Michael Uder
- Institute of Radiology, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ingmar Blümcke
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Tobias Bäuerle
- Institute of Radiology, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
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Abstract
Protein binding can induce DNA kinks, which are for example important to enhance the specificity of the interaction and to facilitate the assembly of multi protein complexes. The respective proteins frequently exhibit amino acid sidechains that intercalate between the DNA base steps at the site of the kink. However, on a molecular level there is only little information available about the role of individual sidechains for kink formation. To unravel structural principles of protein-induced DNA kinking we have performed molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of five complexes that varied in their architecture, function, and identity of intercalated residues. Simulations were performed for the DNA complexes of wildtype proteins (Sac7d, Sox-4, CcpA, TFAM, TBP) and for mutants, in which the intercalating residues were individually or combined replaced by alanine. The work revealed that for systems with multiple intercalated residues, not all of them are necessarily required for kink formation. In some complexes (Sox-4, TBP), one of the residues proved to be essential for kink formation, whereas the second residue has only a very small effect on the magnitude of the kink. In other systems (e.g. Sac7d) each of the intercalated residues proved to be individually capable of conferring a strong kink suggesting a partially redundant role of the intercalating residues. Mutation of the key residues responsible for kinking either resulted in stable complexes with reduced kink angles or caused conformational instability as evidenced by a shift of the kink to an adjacent base step. Thus, MD simulations can help to identify the role of individual inserted residues for kinking, which is not readily apparent from an inspection of the static structures. This information might be helpful for understanding protein-DNA interactions in more detail and for designing proteins with altered DNA binding properties in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Achim Sandmann
- Bioinformatik, Institut für Biochemie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Heinrich Sticht
- Bioinformatik, Institut für Biochemie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
- * E-mail:
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