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Purcell RA, Aurelia LC, Esterbauer R, Allen LF, Bond KA, Williamson DA, Trevillyan JM, Trubiano JA, Juno JJ, Wheatley AK, Davenport MP, Nguyen THO, Kedzierska K, Kent SJ, Selva KJ, Chung AW. Immunoglobulin G genetic variation can confound assessment of antibody levels via altered binding to detection reagents. Clin Transl Immunology 2024; 13:e1494. [PMID: 38433763 PMCID: PMC10902689 DOI: 10.1002/cti2.1494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives Amino acid variations across more than 30 immunoglobulin (Ig) allotypes may introduce structural changes that influence recognition by anti-Ig detection reagents, consequently confounding interpretation of antibody responses, particularly in genetically diverse cohorts. Here, we assessed a panel of commercial monoclonal anti-IgG1 clones for capacity to universally recognise two dominant IgG1 haplotypes (G1m-1,3 and G1m1,17). Methods Four commercial monoclonal anti-human IgG1 clones were assessed via ELISAs and multiplex bead-based assays for their ability to bind G1m-1,3 and G1m1,17 IgG1 variants. Detection antibodies were validated against monoclonal IgG1 allotype standards and tested for capacity to recognise antigen-specific plasma IgG1 from G1m-1,3 and G1m1,17 homozygous and heterozygous SARS-CoV-2 BNT162b2 vaccinated (n = 28) and COVID-19 convalescent (n = 44) individuals. An Fc-specific pan-IgG detection antibody corroborated differences between hinge- and Fc-specific anti-IgG1 responses. Results Hinge-specific anti-IgG1 clone 4E3 preferentially bound G1m1,17 compared to G1m-1,3 IgG1. Consequently, SARS-CoV-2 Spike-specific IgG1 levels detected in G1m1,17/G1m1,17 BNT162b2 vaccinees appeared 9- to 17-fold higher than in G1m-1,3/G1m-1,3 vaccinees. Fc-specific IgG1 and pan-IgG detection antibodies equivalently bound G1m-1,3 and G1m1,17 IgG1 variants, and detected comparable Spike-specific IgG1 levels between haplotypes. IgG1 responses against other human coronaviruses and influenza were similarly poorly detected by 4E3 anti-IgG1 in G1m-1,3/G1m-1,3 subjects. Conclusion Anti-IgG1 clone 4E3 confounds assessment of antibody responses in clinical cohorts owing to bias towards detection of G1m1,17 IgG1 variants. Validation of anti-Ig clones should include evaluation of binding to relevant antibody variants, particularly as the role of immunogenetics upon humoral immunity is increasingly explored in diverse populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth A Purcell
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyThe Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of MelbourneMelbourneVICAustralia
| | - L Carissa Aurelia
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyThe Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of MelbourneMelbourneVICAustralia
| | - Robyn Esterbauer
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyThe Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of MelbourneMelbourneVICAustralia
| | - Lilith F Allen
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyThe Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of MelbourneMelbourneVICAustralia
| | - Katherine A Bond
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyThe Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of MelbourneMelbourneVICAustralia
- Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory (VIDRL)The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and ImmunityMelbourneVICAustralia
| | - Deborah A Williamson
- Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory (VIDRL)The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and ImmunityMelbourneVICAustralia
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical ResearchParkvilleVICAustralia
- Department of Infectious DiseasesThe Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of MelbourneMelbourneVICAustralia
| | - Janine M Trevillyan
- Department of Infectious DiseasesThe Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of MelbourneMelbourneVICAustralia
- Centre for Antibiotic Allergy and Research, Department of Infectious DiseasesAustin HealthHeidelbergVICAustralia
| | - Jason A Trubiano
- Centre for Antibiotic Allergy and Research, Department of Infectious DiseasesAustin HealthHeidelbergVICAustralia
- Department of MedicineUniversity of MelbourneParkvilleVICAustralia
- Department of Infectious DiseasesPeter MacCallum Cancer CentreMelbourneVICAustralia
- National Centre for Infections in CancerPeter MacCallum Cancer CentreMelbourneVICAustralia
| | - Jennifer J Juno
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyThe Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of MelbourneMelbourneVICAustralia
| | - Adam K Wheatley
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyThe Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of MelbourneMelbourneVICAustralia
| | | | - Thi HO Nguyen
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyThe Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of MelbourneMelbourneVICAustralia
| | - Katherine Kedzierska
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyThe Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of MelbourneMelbourneVICAustralia
| | - Stephen J Kent
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyThe Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of MelbourneMelbourneVICAustralia
- Melbourne Sexual Health Centre and Department of Infectious Diseases, Alfred Health, Central Clinical SchoolMonash UniversityMelbourneVICAustralia
| | - Kevin John Selva
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyThe Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of MelbourneMelbourneVICAustralia
| | - Amy W Chung
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyThe Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of MelbourneMelbourneVICAustralia
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Selva KJ, Ramanathan P, Haycroft ER, Tan CW, Wang L, Downie LE, Davis SK, Purcell RA, Kent HE, Juno JA, Wheatley AK, Davenport MP, Kent SJ, Chung AW. Mucosal antibody responses following Vaxzevria vaccination. Immunol Cell Biol 2023; 101:975-983. [PMID: 37670482 PMCID: PMC10952200 DOI: 10.1111/imcb.12685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Abstract
Mucosal antibodies play a key role in protection against breakthrough COVID-19 infections and emerging viral variants. Intramuscular adenovirus-based vaccination (Vaxzevria) only weakly induces nasal IgG and IgA responses, unless vaccinees have been previously infected. However, little is known about how Vaxzevria vaccination impacts the ability of mucosal antibodies to induce Fc responses, particularly against SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VoCs). Here, we profiled paired mucosal (saliva, tears) and plasma antibodies from COVID-19 vaccinated only vaccinees (uninfected, vaccinated) and COVID-19 recovered vaccinees (COVID-19 recovered, vaccinated) who both received Vaxzevria vaccines. SARS-CoV-2 ancestral-specific IgG antibodies capable of engaging FcγR3a were significantly higher in the mucosal samples of COVID-19 recovered Vaxzevria vaccinees in comparison with vaccinated only vaccinees. However, when IgG and FcγR3a engaging antibodies were tested against a panel of SARS-CoV-2 VoCs, the responses were ancestral-centric with weaker recognition of Omicron strains observed. In contrast, salivary IgA, but not plasma IgA, from Vaxzevria vaccinees displayed broad cross-reactivity across all SARS-CoV-2 VoCs tested. Our data highlight that while intramuscular Vaxzevria vaccination can enhance mucosal antibodies responses in COVID-19 recovered vaccinees, restrictions by ancestral-centric bias may have implications for COVID-19 protection. However, highly cross-reactive mucosal IgA could be key in addressing these gaps in mucosal immunity and may be an important focus of future SARS-CoV-2 vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin J Selva
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and ImmunityUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneVICAustralia
| | - Pradhipa Ramanathan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and ImmunityUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneVICAustralia
| | - Ebene R Haycroft
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and ImmunityUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneVICAustralia
| | - Chee Wah Tan
- Programme in Emerging Infectious DiseasesDuke‐NUS Medical SchoolSingapore
- Infectious Diseases Translational Research Programme, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of SingaporeSingapore
| | - Lin‐Fa Wang
- Programme in Emerging Infectious DiseasesDuke‐NUS Medical SchoolSingapore
- Singhealth Duke‐NUS Global Health InstituteSingapore
| | - Laura E Downie
- Department of Optometry and Vision SciencesUniversity of MelbourneCarltonVICAustralia
| | - Samantha K Davis
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and ImmunityUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneVICAustralia
| | - Ruth A Purcell
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and ImmunityUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneVICAustralia
| | - Helen E Kent
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and ImmunityUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneVICAustralia
| | - Jennifer A Juno
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and ImmunityUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneVICAustralia
| | - Adam K Wheatley
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and ImmunityUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneVICAustralia
| | - Miles P Davenport
- Kirby Institute, University of New South WalesKensingtonNSWAustralia
| | - Stephen J Kent
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and ImmunityUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneVICAustralia
- Melbourne Sexual Health Centre and Department of Infectious DiseasesAlfred Hospital and Central Clinical School, Monash UniversityMelbourneVICAustralia
| | - Amy W Chung
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and ImmunityUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneVICAustralia
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3
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Selva KJ, Ramanathan P, Haycroft ER, Reynaldi A, Cromer D, Tan CW, Wang LF, Wines BD, Hogarth PM, Downie LE, Davis SK, Purcell RA, Kent HE, Juno JA, Wheatley AK, Davenport MP, Kent SJ, Chung AW. Preexisting immunity restricts mucosal antibody recognition of SARS-CoV-2 and Fc profiles during breakthrough infections. JCI Insight 2023; 8:e172470. [PMID: 37737263 PMCID: PMC10561726 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.172470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding mucosal antibody responses from SARS-CoV-2 infection and/or vaccination is crucial to develop strategies for longer term immunity, especially against emerging viral variants. We profiled serial paired mucosal and plasma antibodies from COVID-19 vaccinated only vaccinees (vaccinated, uninfected), COVID-19-recovered vaccinees (recovered, vaccinated), and individuals with breakthrough Delta or Omicron BA.2 infections (vaccinated, infected). Saliva from COVID-19-recovered vaccinees displayed improved antibody-neutralizing activity, Fcγ receptor (FcγR) engagement, and IgA levels compared with COVID-19-uninfected vaccinees. Furthermore, repeated mRNA vaccination boosted SARS-CoV-2-specific IgG2 and IgG4 responses in both mucosa biofluids (saliva and tears) and plasma; however, these rises only negatively correlated with FcγR engagement in plasma. IgG and FcγR engagement, but not IgA, responses to breakthrough COVID-19 variants were dampened and narrowed by increased preexisting vaccine-induced immunity against the ancestral strain. Salivary antibodies delayed initiation following breakthrough COVID-19 infection, especially Omicron BA.2, but rose rapidly thereafter. Importantly, salivary antibody FcγR engagements were enhanced following breakthrough infections. Our data highlight how preexisting immunity shapes mucosal SARS-CoV-2-specific antibody responses and has implications for long-term protection from COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin J. Selva
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Pradhipa Ramanathan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ebene R. Haycroft
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Arnold Reynaldi
- Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales, Kensington, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Deborah Cromer
- Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales, Kensington, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Chee Wah Tan
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
- Infectious Diseases Translational Research Programme, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Lin-Fa Wang
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
- Singhealth Duke-NUS Global Health Institute, Singapore
| | - Bruce D. Wines
- Immune Therapies Laboratory, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Immunology and Pathology, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Clinical Pathology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - P. Mark Hogarth
- Immune Therapies Laboratory, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Immunology and Pathology, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Clinical Pathology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Laura E. Downie
- Department of Optometry and Vision Sciences, University of Melbourne, Carlton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Samantha K. Davis
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ruth A. Purcell
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Helen E. Kent
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jennifer A. Juno
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Adam K. Wheatley
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Miles P. Davenport
- Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales, Kensington, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Stephen J. Kent
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Melbourne Sexual Health Centre and Department of Infectious Diseases, Alfred Hospital and Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Amy W. Chung
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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4
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Haycroft ER, Davis SK, Ramanathan P, Lopez E, Purcell RA, Tan LL, Pymm P, Wines BD, Hogarth PM, Wheatley AK, Juno JA, Redmond SJ, Gherardin NA, Godfrey DI, Tham WH, Selva KJ, Kent SJ, Chung AW. Antibody Fc-binding profiles and ACE2 affinity to SARS-CoV-2 RBD variants. Med Microbiol Immunol 2023:10.1007/s00430-023-00773-w. [PMID: 37477828 PMCID: PMC10372118 DOI: 10.1007/s00430-023-00773-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
Emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants, notably Omicron, continue to remain a formidable challenge to worldwide public health. The SARS-CoV-2 receptor-binding domain (RBD) is a hotspot for mutations, reflecting its critical role at the ACE2 interface during viral entry. Here, we comprehensively investigated the impact of RBD mutations, including 5 variants of concern (VOC) or interest-including Omicron (BA.2)-and 33 common point mutations, both on IgG recognition and ACE2-binding inhibition, as well as FcγRIIa- and FcγRIIIa-binding antibodies, in plasma from two-dose BNT162b2-vaccine recipients and mild-COVID-19 convalescent subjects obtained during the first wave using a custom-designed bead-based 39-plex array. IgG-recognition and FcγR-binding antibodies were decreased against the RBD of Beta and Omicron, as well as point mutation G446S, found in several Omicron sub-variants as compared to wild type. Notably, while there was a profound decrease in ACE2 inhibition against Omicron, FcγR-binding antibodies were less affected, suggesting that Fc functional antibody responses may be better retained against the RBD of Omicron in comparison to neutralization. Furthermore, while measurement of RBD-ACE2-binding affinity via biolayer interferometry showed that all VOC RBDs have enhanced affinity to human ACE2, we demonstrate that human ACE2 polymorphisms, E35K (rs1348114695) has reduced affinity to VOCs, while K26R (rs4646116) and S19P (rs73635825) have increased binding kinetics to the RBD of VOCs, potentially affecting virus-host interaction and, thereby, host susceptibility. Collectively, our findings provide in-depth coverage of the impact of RBD mutations on key facets of host-virus interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebene R Haycroft
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia
| | - Samantha K Davis
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia
| | - Pradhipa Ramanathan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia
| | - Ester Lopez
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia
| | - Ruth A Purcell
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia
| | - Li Lynn Tan
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Phillip Pymm
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Bruce D Wines
- Immune Therapies Group, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Clinical Pathology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Immunology and Pathology, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - P Mark Hogarth
- Immune Therapies Group, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Clinical Pathology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Immunology and Pathology, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Adam K Wheatley
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia
| | - Jennifer A Juno
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia
| | - Samuel J Redmond
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia
| | - Nicholas A Gherardin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia
| | - Dale I Godfrey
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia
| | - Wai-Hong Tham
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Kevin John Selva
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia.
| | - Stephen J Kent
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia.
- Melbourne Sexual Health Centre, Department of Infectious Diseases, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
| | - Amy W Chung
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia.
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5
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Purcell RA, Theisen RM, Arnold KB, Chung AW, Selva KJ. Polyfunctional antibodies: a path towards precision vaccines for vulnerable populations. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1183727. [PMID: 37600816 PMCID: PMC10433199 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1183727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Vaccine efficacy determined within the controlled environment of a clinical trial is usually substantially greater than real-world vaccine effectiveness. Typically, this results from reduced protection of immunologically vulnerable populations, such as children, elderly individuals and people with chronic comorbidities. Consequently, these high-risk groups are frequently recommended tailored immunisation schedules to boost responses. In addition, diverse groups of healthy adults may also be variably protected by the same vaccine regimen. Current population-based vaccination strategies that consider basic clinical parameters offer a glimpse into what may be achievable if more nuanced aspects of the immune response are considered in vaccine design. To date, vaccine development has been largely empirical. However, next-generation approaches require more rational strategies. We foresee a generation of precision vaccines that consider the mechanistic basis of vaccine response variations associated with both immunogenetic and baseline health differences. Recent efforts have highlighted the importance of balanced and diverse extra-neutralising antibody functions for vaccine-induced protection. However, in immunologically vulnerable populations, significant modulation of polyfunctional antibody responses that mediate both neutralisation and effector functions has been observed. Here, we review the current understanding of key genetic and inflammatory modulators of antibody polyfunctionality that affect vaccination outcomes and consider how this knowledge may be harnessed to tailor vaccine design for improved public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth A. Purcell
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Robert M. Theisen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Kelly B. Arnold
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Amy W. Chung
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Kevin J. Selva
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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6
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Zhang W, Kedzierski L, Chua BY, Mayo M, Lonzi C, Rigas V, Middleton BF, McQuilten HA, Rowntree LC, Allen LF, Purcell RA, Tan HX, Petersen J, Chaurasia P, Mordant F, Pogorelyy MV, Minervina AA, Crawford JC, Perkins GB, Zhang E, Gras S, Clemens EB, Juno JA, Audsley J, Khoury DS, Holmes NE, Thevarajan I, Subbarao K, Krammer F, Cheng AC, Davenport MP, Grubor-Bauk B, Coates PT, Christensen B, Thomas PG, Wheatley AK, Kent SJ, Rossjohn J, Chung AW, Boffa J, Miller A, Lynar S, Nelson J, Nguyen THO, Davies J, Kedzierska K. Robust and prototypical immune responses toward COVID-19 vaccine in First Nations peoples are impacted by comorbidities. Nat Immunol 2023; 24:966-978. [PMID: 37248417 PMCID: PMC10232372 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-023-01508-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
High-risk groups, including Indigenous people, are at risk of severe COVID-19. Here we found that Australian First Nations peoples elicit effective immune responses to COVID-19 BNT162b2 vaccination, including neutralizing antibodies, receptor-binding domain (RBD) antibodies, SARS-CoV-2 spike-specific B cells, and CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. In First Nations participants, RBD IgG antibody titers were correlated with body mass index and negatively correlated with age. Reduced RBD antibodies, spike-specific B cells and follicular helper T cells were found in vaccinated participants with chronic conditions (diabetes, renal disease) and were strongly associated with altered glycosylation of IgG and increased interleukin-18 levels in the plasma. These immune perturbations were also found in non-Indigenous people with comorbidities, indicating that they were related to comorbidities rather than ethnicity. However, our study is of a great importance to First Nations peoples who have disproportionate rates of chronic comorbidities and provides evidence of robust immune responses after COVID-19 vaccination in Indigenous people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wuji Zhang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Lukasz Kedzierski
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Brendon Y Chua
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Mark Mayo
- Menzies School of Health Research, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia
| | - Claire Lonzi
- Menzies School of Health Research, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia
| | - Vanessa Rigas
- Menzies School of Health Research, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia
| | - Bianca F Middleton
- Menzies School of Health Research, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia
| | - Hayley A McQuilten
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Louise C Rowntree
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Lilith F Allen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ruth A Purcell
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Hyon-Xhi Tan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jan Petersen
- Infection and Immunity Program and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Priyanka Chaurasia
- Infection and Immunity Program and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Francesca Mordant
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Mikhail V Pogorelyy
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | | | | | - Griffith B Perkins
- Central and Northern Adelaide Renal and Transplantation Service, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Eva Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Stephanie Gras
- Infection and Immunity Program and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - E Bridie Clemens
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jennifer A Juno
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jennifer Audsley
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne and Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - David S Khoury
- Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Natasha E Holmes
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
| | - Irani Thevarajan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne and Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Victorian Infectious Diseases Services, Royal Melbourne Hospital and Doherty Department, University of Melbourne, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kanta Subbarao
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Florian Krammer
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Allen C Cheng
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Alfred Hospital and Central Clinical School and School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Monash Infectious Diseases, Monash Health and School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Miles P Davenport
- Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Branka Grubor-Bauk
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - P Toby Coates
- Central and Northern Adelaide Renal and Transplantation Service, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Britt Christensen
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Paul G Thomas
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Adam K Wheatley
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Stephen J Kent
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Melbourne Sexual Health Centre, Infectious Diseases Department, Alfred Health, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jamie Rossjohn
- Infection and Immunity Program and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Amy W Chung
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - John Boffa
- Central Australian Aboriginal Congress, Alice Springs, Northern Territory, Australia
| | - Adrian Miller
- Indigenous Engagement, CQUniversity, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - Sarah Lynar
- Menzies School of Health Research, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia
- Infectious Diseases Department, Royal Darwin Hospital and Northern Territory Medical Programme, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia
| | - Jane Nelson
- Menzies School of Health Research, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia
| | - Thi H O Nguyen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Jane Davies
- Menzies School of Health Research, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia.
| | - Katherine Kedzierska
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
- Center for Influenza Disease and Emergence Response, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
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