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Ahn B, Ahn HS, Shin J, Jun E, Koh EY, Ryu YM, Kim SY, Sung CO, Shim JH, Hong J, Kim K, Kang HJ. Characterization of lymphocyte-rich hepatocellular carcinoma and the prognostic role of tertiary lymphoid structures. Liver Int 2024; 44:1202-1218. [PMID: 38363048 DOI: 10.1111/liv.15865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Lymphocyte-rich hepatocellular carcinoma (LR-HCC) is largely unknown and a rare subtype of HCC with immune-rich stroma. Tertiary lymphoid structures (TLS), frequently observed in LR-HCC, are known to be prognostically significant in various malignancies; however, their significance in HCC remains unevaluated. METHODS Clinicopathologic data of 191 cases of surgically resected conventional HCC (C-HCC, n = 160) and LR-HCC (n = 31) were retrieved. Immunohistochemistry, multiplex immunofluorescence staining, RNA sequencing and proteomic analysis were conducted. Differences between the subtypes were statistically evaluated. RESULTS LR-HCC was significantly correlated to larger tumour size, higher Edmondson-Steiner grade, presence of TLS and higher CD3-, CD8- and FOXP3-positive T cell, high PD-1 and PD-L1 expression (p < .001 for all) compared to C-HCC. Patients with LR-HCC exhibited significantly better overall survival (OS) (p = .044) and recurrence-free survival (RFS) (p = .025) than C-HCC. LR-HCC demonstrated TLS signatures with significantly higher proteomic-based immune scores in 14 of 17 types of tumour-infiltrating immune cells. Furthermore, C-HCC with secondary follicles, the most mature form of TLS, exhibited significantly better OS (p = .031) and RFS (p = .033) than those without. Across the global proteome, LR-HCC was well-differentiated from C-HCC and a map of protein-protein interactions between tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes and HCC in tumour microenvironment was completed. CONCLUSION LR-HCC is clinicopathologically and molecularly distinct and shows better prognosis compared to C-HCC. Also, the presence of secondary follicle can be an important prognostic marker for better prognosis in both LR-HCC and C-HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bokyung Ahn
- Department of Pathology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Sung Ahn
- Department of Convergence Medicine, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinho Shin
- Division of Hepato-Biliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunsung Jun
- Department of Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Young Koh
- Department of Convergence Medicine, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeon-Mi Ryu
- Asan Institute for Life Sciences, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Yeob Kim
- Asan Institute for Life Sciences, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Ohk Sung
- Department of Pathology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju Hyun Shim
- Department of Gastroenterology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Asan Liver Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - JeongYeon Hong
- Asan Institute for Life Sciences, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Digital Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyunggon Kim
- Department of Convergence Medicine, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Asan Institute for Life Sciences, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Digital Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyo Jeong Kang
- Department of Pathology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Asan Liver Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Hyung J, Kim HD, Kim GH, Cho YM, Ryu YM, Kim SY, Park I, Yoon S, Lee JL. Clinical Outcomes of Small Cell Carcinoma of the Genitourinary Tract and the Prognostic Significance of the Tumor Immune Microenvironment. Cancer Res Treat 2024; 56:624-633. [PMID: 38037320 PMCID: PMC11016647 DOI: 10.4143/crt.2023.1076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Small cell carcinoma of the genitourinary tract (GU SCC) is a rare disease with a poor prognosis. There are only limited treatment options due to insufficient understanding of the disease. In this study, we analyzed the clinical outcomes of patients with GU SCC and their association with the tumor immune phenotype. MATERIALS AND METHODS Patients diagnosed with GU SCC were included. Survival outcomes according to the primary location (prostate and non-prostate) and stages (limited disease [LD] and extensive disease [ED]) were analyzed. We performed multiplex immunohistochemistry (IHC) in non-prostate SCC patients and analyzed the immune cell population. RESULTS A total of 77 patients were included in this study. Their median age was 71 years, 67 patients (87.0%) were male, and 48 patients (62.3%) had non-prostate SCC. All patients with ED (n=31, 40.3%) received etoposide plus platinum (EP) as initial treatment and median overall survival (OS) was 9.7 months (95% confidence interval [CI], 7.1 to 18.6). Patients with LD (n=46, 59.7%) received EP followed by radiotherapy or surgery, and 24-months OS rate was 63.6% (95% CI, 49.9 to 81.0). The multiplex IHC analysis of 21 patients with non-prostate SCC showed that patients with a higher density of programmed death-ligand 1-expressing CD68+CD206+ M2-like macrophages had significantly worse OS outcomes with an adjusted hazards ratio of 4.17 (95% CI, 1.25 to 14.29; adjusted p=0.02). CONCLUSION Patients with GU SCC had a poor prognosis, even those with localized disease. The tumor immune phenotypes were significantly associated with survival. This finding provides new insights for treating GU SCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaewon Hyung
- Department of Oncology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyung-Don Kim
- Department of Oncology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Gi Hwan Kim
- Department of Pathology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yong Mee Cho
- Department of Pathology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yeon-Mi Ryu
- Asan Institute of Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang-Yeob Kim
- Asan Institute of Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Inkeun Park
- Department of Oncology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Shinkyo Yoon
- Department of Oncology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae Lyun Lee
- Department of Oncology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Kim SY, Hong GS, Lee JH, Lee CW, Chung WJ, Kim S. Utility of cranial MRI in non-traumatic headache patients with prior negative head CT within 1 month. Clin Radiol 2024; 79:189-196. [PMID: 38092644 DOI: 10.1016/j.crad.2023.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
AIM To investigate the importance of additional cranial magnetic resonance imaging (cMRI) in non-traumatic headache patients with a prior negative head computed tomography (CT) examination within 1 month. MATERIALS AND METHODS This retrospective study analysed 162 adult patients with non-traumatic headache who underwent cMRI within 1 month of a negative initial head CT at the emergency department (ED). The diagnostic yield and false-referral rate were analysed according to the revisit duration (early [≤1 week] versus late [>1-4 weeks] revisits), patient care settings (ED versus outpatient clinics [OPC]), and clinical variables. Subsequent patient management change (PMC), such as admission and treatment (AT) or outpatient clinic treatment (OT), were also investigated. RESULTS The overall diagnostic yield of cMRI was 17.3% (28/162) and the false-referral rate was 1.2% (2/162). The diagnostic yield of cMRI was significantly different according to the patient care settings (ED, 24.7% [21/85] versus OPC, 9.1% [7/77]; p=0.02). The diagnostic yield was highest in the ED-early-revisit group (25.4% [18/71]), 45% (9/20) in those with systemic signs, and 46.7% (14/30) in those with symptom change. Among patients with positive cMRI findings, 90% (27/30) received AT and 3.3% (1/30) received OT. Among OPC-revisit-negative cMRI patients, PMC occurred in 0% (0/50). CONCLUSION The diagnostic yield of cMRI was relatively high for headache patients who revisited the ED earlier, especially in those with systemic signs or symptom change. Most positive cMRI cases experienced PMC. Negative cMRI in OPC-revisit patients might help clarify the benign nature of a condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Y Kim
- Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - G S Hong
- Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - J H Lee
- Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - C W Lee
- Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - W J Chung
- Department of Health Screening and Promotion Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - S Kim
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Hwang I, Kim SY, Kim YY, Park JH. Widening disparities in the national prevalence of diabetes mellitus for people with disabilities in South Korea. Public Health 2024; 226:173-181. [PMID: 38071950 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2023.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In Korea, diabetes mellitus has a high disease burden, based on disability-adjusted life years. However, the disease burden is disproportionately distributed, with people with disabilities (PWD) experiencing higher rates of health disparities. Our study investigated long-term trends in diabetes prevalence and risk according to disability status, grade, and type. STUDY DESIGN Retrospective cohort study. METHODS Approximately 10 million individuals aged ≥30 years were included yearly from the National Health Information Database (NHID) and national disability registration data in Korea between 2008 and 2017, corresponding to 40 % of those aged ≥30 years in Korea. In 2017, 12, 975, 757 individuals were included; 5.5 % had disabilities. We estimated annual diabetes age-standardized prevalence and used multiple logistic regression analyses to estimate the odds of having diabetes in 2017, according to disability status, severity, and type. RESULTS Diabetes age-standardized prevalence consistently increased over 2008-2017 in PWD and people without disabilities. However, the prevalence increased more rapidly and was higher in all years among PWD, with widening disparities based on disability status. Additionally, diabetes prevalence was high in all years for specific subgroups, including women, individuals with intellectual or mental disabilities or autism, and individuals with severe disabilities, suggesting further disparities among PWD. CONCLUSIONS Our findings reveal health disparities between those with and without disabilities and among PWD subgroups. In addition to timely prevention, diabetes screening and management among PWD is vital. Public investment in improving disparities in the root causes of diabetes is essential, including health behaviours, healthcare utilization, and self-care.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Hwang
- Division of Economic Research, The Seoul Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - S Y Kim
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju, Republic of Korea; Institute of Health & Science Convergence, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Y Y Kim
- Big Data Steering Department, National Health Insurance Service, Wonju, Republic of Korea; Drug Evaluation Department, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - J H Park
- Institute of Health & Science Convergence, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea; Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea.
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Kim MK, Jo SI, Kim SY, Lim H, Kang HS, Moon SH, Ye BD, Soh JS, Hwang SW. PD-1-positive cells contribute to the diagnosis of inflammatory bowel disease and can aid in predicting response to vedolizumab. Sci Rep 2023; 13:21329. [PMID: 38044341 PMCID: PMC10694145 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-48651-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Differentiating inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) from other inflammatory diseases is often challenging. Programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) is expressed in T cells and is an indicator of their exhaustion. The role of PD-1 expression in diagnosing IBD and predicting the response of biologic agents remains inconclusive. In this study, endoscopic biopsy samples of 19 patients diagnosed with IBD, intestinal tuberculosis, and intestinal Behcet's disease were analyzed using multiplexed immunohistochemistry. Additionally, a separate "vedolizumab (VDZ) cohort" established in ulcerative colitis patients who underwent endoscopic biopsy before VDZ administration was analyzed to predict response to VDZ. In the immunohistochemistry analysis, the cell density of T cell subsets, including PD-1 + cells, was investigated and compared between IBD and other inflammatory diseases (OID). Cell densities of PD-1 + cells (p = 0.028), PD-1 + helper T cells (p = 0.008), and PD-1 + regulatory T cells (p = 0.024) were higher in IBD compared with OID. In the VDZ cohort, patients with a 14-week steroid-free clinical response had higher levels of PD-1 + cells (p = 0.026), PD-1 + helper T cells (p = 0.026), and PD-1 + regulatory T cells (p = 0.041) than the no response group. PD-1 + immune cells may contribute to the diagnosis of IBD and could be used to predict response to VDZ in ulcerative colitis patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Kyu Kim
- Department of Gastroenterology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88 Olympic-Ro 43-Gil, Songpa-Gu, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Su In Jo
- PrismCDX Co., Ltd., Hwaseong-Si, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Yeob Kim
- Convergence Medicine Research Center, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Lim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, University of Hallym College of Medicine, Anyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho Suk Kang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, University of Hallym College of Medicine, Anyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Hoon Moon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, University of Hallym College of Medicine, Anyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Byong Duk Ye
- Department of Gastroenterology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88 Olympic-Ro 43-Gil, Songpa-Gu, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Seung Soh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, University of Hallym College of Medicine, Anyang, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sung Wook Hwang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88 Olympic-Ro 43-Gil, Songpa-Gu, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea.
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Lee DY, Lee S, Kim YS, Park S, Bae SM, Cho EA, Park EJ, Park HH, Kim SY, So I, Chun JN, Jeon JH. Cyclosporin A inhibits prostate cancer growth through suppression of E2F8 transcription factor in a MELK‑dependent manner. Oncol Rep 2023; 50:218. [PMID: 37888771 PMCID: PMC10636720 DOI: 10.3892/or.2023.8655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The treatment of advanced prostate cancer remains a formidable challenge due to the limited availability of effective treatment options. Therefore, it is imperative to identify promising druggable targets that provide substantial clinical benefits and to develop effective treatment strategies to overcome therapeutic resistance. Cyclosporin A (CsA) showed an anticancer effect on prostate cancer in cultured cell and xenograft models. E2F8 was identified as a master transcription factor that regulated a clinically significant CsA specific gene signature. The expression of E2F8 increased during prostate cancer progression and high levels of E2F8 expression are associated with a poor prognosis in patients with prostate cancer. MELK was identified as a crucial upstream regulator of E2F8 expression through the transcriptional regulatory network and Bayesian network analyses. Knockdown of E2F8 or MELK inhibited cell growth and colony formation in prostate cancer cells. High expression levels of E2F8 and androgen receptor (AR) are associated with a worse prognosis in patients with prostate cancer compared with low levels of both genes. The inhibition of E2F8 improved the response to AR blockade therapy. These results suggested that CsA has potential as an effective anticancer treatment for prostate cancer, while also revealing the oncogenic role of E2F8 and its association with clinical outcomes in prostate cancer. These results provided valuable insight into the development of therapeutic and diagnostic approaches for prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da Young Lee
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Sanghoon Lee
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Sik Kim
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Soonbum Park
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Mun Bae
- ASAN Institute for Life Sciences, ASAN Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05535, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun A Cho
- ASAN Institute for Life Sciences, ASAN Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05535, Republic of Korea
- Department of Medical Science, ASAN Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05535, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Jung Park
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Gachon University College of BioNano Technology, Gyeonggi-do 13120, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Ho Park
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Yeob Kim
- ASAN Institute for Life Sciences, ASAN Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05535, Republic of Korea
- Department of Medical Science, ASAN Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05535, Republic of Korea
| | - Insuk So
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Human-Environment Interface Biology, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Nyeo Chun
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Human-Environment Interface Biology, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju-Hong Jeon
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Human-Environment Interface Biology, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
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Lee Y, Noh JH, Park JW, Yoon SW, Kim SY, Son HJ, Lee W, Maeng SK. Integrating biological ion exchange with biological activated carbon treatment for drinking water: A novel approach for NOM removal, trihalomethane formation potential, and biological stability. Water Res 2023; 245:120598. [PMID: 37722140 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.120598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
Ion exchange resins (IEX) are used in drinking water utilities to remove natural organic matter (NOM) from surface water; however, the disposal of used brine can be a major drawback. Recently, biological ion exchange (BIEX) has been proposed as an alternative to biological activated carbon (BAC) for removing natural organic matter (NOM). The present study is, to the best of our knowledge, the first attempt to use a hybrid BIEX and BAC (BIEX+BAC) system for drinking water treatment. The removal of NOM, assimilable organic carbon, and trihalomethane formation potential was investigated by operating four columns comprising IEX, BIEX, BAC, and BIEX+BAC with 18,000 bed volumes. The BIEX+BAC system was the most effective at removing dissolved organic carbon (59.9%). Based on fluorescence excitation-emission matrix spectroscopy, the BIEX+BAC column showed the maximum removal rates in all peak regions of T1, T2, and A. Using liquid chromatography-organic carbon detection, resin-containing columns were found to effectively remove humic substances, which are the principal precursors of trihalomethanes. The lowest potential for trihalomethane formation was observed in BIEX+BAC. BIEX+BAC also had the highest assimilable organic carbon removal efficiency (61.2%) followed by BIEX (52.3%), BAC (49.5%), and IEX (47.1%). The BIEX+BAC hybrid was found to be the most effective method for removing NOM fractions and reducing the formation of disinfection byproducts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Lee
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Sejong University, 209 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Hyung Noh
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Sejong University, 209 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Won Park
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Sejong University, 209 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea
| | - Seon-Won Yoon
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Sejong University, 209 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Yeob Kim
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Sejong University, 209 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Jong Son
- Busan Water Quality Institute, Busan Water Authority, Busan 50804, Republic of Korea
| | - Woorim Lee
- Busan Water Quality Institute, Busan Water Authority, Busan 50804, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Kyu Maeng
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Sejong University, 209 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea.
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8
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Yoo JW, Jo SI, Shin DW, Park JW, Kim SE, Lim H, Kang HS, Moon SH, Kim MK, Kim SY, Hwang SW, Soh JS. Clinical Usefulness of Immune Profiling for Differential Diagnosis between Crohn's Disease, Intestinal Tuberculosis, and Behcet's Disease. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:2904. [PMID: 37761270 PMCID: PMC10529363 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13182904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
It is important to make a differential diagnosis between inflammatory diseases of the bowel with similar clinical and endoscopic features. The profiling of immune cells could be helpful for accurately diagnosing inflammatory bowel diseases. We compared immune marker expression between Crohn's disease (CD), intestinal Behcet's disease (BD), and intestinal tuberculosis (TB) and evaluated the usefulness of immune profiling in differentiating between these diseases. Biopsy specimens were acquired around ulcerations on the terminal ileum or cecum from five patients with each disease. Panel 1 included multiplex immunohistochemistry staining for CD8, CD4, Foxp3, CD20, programmed death-1, and granzyme B. CD56, CD68, CD163, CD11c, and HLA-DR were analyzed in panel 2. The differences in cytotoxic T cells (CD8+CD4-Fopx3-CD20-), helper T cells (CD8-CD4+Fopx3-CD20-), and regulatory T cells (CD8-CD4+Fopx3+CD20-) were also not significant. However, M1 macrophage (CD68+CD163-HLA-DR-) cell densities were significantly higher in intestinal BD than in other diseases. The expression level of dendritic cells (CD56-CD68-CD163-CD11c+HLA-DR+) was highest in intestinal TB and lowest in intestinal BD. The expression of immune cells, including M1 macrophages and dendritic cells, was different between CD, intestinal BD, and intestinal TB. Immune profiling can be helpful for establishing differential diagnoses of inflammatory bowel diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Won Yoo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kirk Kerkorian School of Medicine, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV 89557, USA;
| | - Su In Jo
- PrismCDX Co., Ltd., Hwaseong-si 18469, Republic of Korea;
| | - Dong Woo Shin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, University of Hallym College of Medicine, Anyang 14068, Republic of Korea; (D.W.S.); (J.W.P.); (S.-E.K.); (H.L.); (H.S.K.); (S.-H.M.)
| | - Ji Won Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, University of Hallym College of Medicine, Anyang 14068, Republic of Korea; (D.W.S.); (J.W.P.); (S.-E.K.); (H.L.); (H.S.K.); (S.-H.M.)
| | - Sung-Eun Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, University of Hallym College of Medicine, Anyang 14068, Republic of Korea; (D.W.S.); (J.W.P.); (S.-E.K.); (H.L.); (H.S.K.); (S.-H.M.)
| | - Hyun Lim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, University of Hallym College of Medicine, Anyang 14068, Republic of Korea; (D.W.S.); (J.W.P.); (S.-E.K.); (H.L.); (H.S.K.); (S.-H.M.)
| | - Ho Suk Kang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, University of Hallym College of Medicine, Anyang 14068, Republic of Korea; (D.W.S.); (J.W.P.); (S.-E.K.); (H.L.); (H.S.K.); (S.-H.M.)
| | - Sung-Hoon Moon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, University of Hallym College of Medicine, Anyang 14068, Republic of Korea; (D.W.S.); (J.W.P.); (S.-E.K.); (H.L.); (H.S.K.); (S.-H.M.)
| | - Min Kyu Kim
- Department of Gastroenterology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea;
| | - Sang-Yeob Kim
- Convergence Medicine Research Center, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea;
| | - Sung Wook Hwang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea;
| | - Jae Seung Soh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, University of Hallym College of Medicine, Anyang 14068, Republic of Korea; (D.W.S.); (J.W.P.); (S.-E.K.); (H.L.); (H.S.K.); (S.-H.M.)
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9
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Jo SI, Park YS, Chang Y, Moon JH, Lee S, Lee H, Kim M, Kim DY, Bae S, Park SY, Yun H, You JE, Im M, Han HJ, Kim SY, Jin DH. Effects of the purified dry extract of fermented ginseng BST204 on muscle fiber regeneration. Biochem Biophys Rep 2023; 35:101525. [PMID: 37601455 PMCID: PMC10439383 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2023.101525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Sarcopenia and muscular dystrophy are two muscle diseases. In cancer patients, cancer cachexia induces continuous weight loss and muscle loss due to the disease itself or the use of anticancer drugs. Cachexia occurs in up to 80% of cancer patients. It is recognized as a direct cause of reduced quality of life, contributing to at least 20% of cancer-associated deaths and limiting therapeutic options for cancer patients. Cancer cachexia is associated with multiple chronic or end-stage conditions and develops similarly. There are various options for the treatment of cancer cachexia, but there are still many issues to be solved. Hence, to determine its potential to overcome the muscle wasting during cancer cachexia, we studied the effect of BST204, a refined dry ginseng extract, on muscle fiber regeneration. Experimental procedure We checked the muscle regeneration efficacy of BST204. First, BaCl2 and freeze injury models were selected to investigate muscle regeneration after BST204 administration. In addition, after inducing muscle differentiation of C2C12 cells, the efficacy of BST204 was analyzed. In this model, we analyzed the expression of the signal pathway (PI3K-AKT signal) by Western blot and imaging methods. Results and conclusion These results showed that BST204 induced muscle fiber regeneration in BaCl2 and freeze injury models. Also, we confirmed that BST204 could regulate the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway and regulate the differentiation of C2C12 cells. These results indicate that BST204 has the potential to facilitate the skeletal muscle regeneration during muscle wasting induced by various factors including cancer cachexia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su In Jo
- Asan Institute for Life Science, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Sun Park
- Asan Institute for Life Science, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Medical Science, AMIST, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeeun Chang
- Asan Institute for Life Science, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jai-Hee Moon
- Asan Institute for Life Science, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Slee Lee
- Asan Institute for Life Science, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyejin Lee
- Asan Institute for Life Science, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - MiYeon Kim
- Department of Medical Science, AMIST, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Do Yeon Kim
- Asan Institute for Life Science, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Medical Science, AMIST, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - SangMun Bae
- Asan Institute for Life Science, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Se Yeong Park
- Asan Institute for Life Science, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeseon Yun
- Asan Institute for Life Science, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Medical Science, AMIST, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Eun You
- Asan Institute for Life Science, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Medical Science, AMIST, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Minju Im
- Research Institute, GREENCROSS WellBeing Co., Ltd., Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae-Jung Han
- Research Institute, GREENCROSS WellBeing Co., Ltd., Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Yeob Kim
- Asan Institute for Life Science, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Hoon Jin
- Asan Institute for Life Science, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Pharmacology, AMIST, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Convergence Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Yeob KE, Kim SY, Kim YY, Park JH. Nationwide prevalence and trends in cigarette smoking among adult men with and without disabilities in South Korea between 2009 and 2017. Public Health 2023; 222:92-99. [PMID: 37536197 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2023.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Current smoking rates for people with and without disabilities vary among countries. This study analyzed smoking behavior over 9 years in adult South Korean men with disabilities, according to disability severity and type, and in those without disabilities. STUDY DESIGN This was a cross-sectional study. METHODS This analysis was conducted using national disability registration data and national general health checkup data for 2009-2017. Age-standardized smoking behaviors were analyzed for each year according to the presence, severity, and type of disability. The odds of current smoking were determined by multivariate logistic regression after adjusting for sociodemographic and clinical variables. RESULTS The age-standardized smoking rate and average number of cigarettes for men with mild disabilities in the younger age group were 1.16 (43.0 vs 36.8%) and 1.05 (16.1 vs 15.3 cigarettes) times higher than in non-disabled men as of 2017. The highest smoking rate was observed in men with physical disabilities in the younger age. In the older age group, the highest smoking rate was that of men with intellectual or psychological disabilities. CONCLUSION Smoking behaviors remained poorest in men with disabilities, especially those with mild, physical, and intellectual/psychological disabilities. Public health policies should focus on people with disabilities to promote health, prevent secondary conditions, and reduce health disparities by implementing antismoking health policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- K E Yeob
- College of Medicine/Institute of Health & Science Convergence, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, South Korea; Chungbuk Tobacco Control Center, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - S Y Kim
- College of Medicine/Institute of Health & Science Convergence, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, South Korea; Chungbuk Tobacco Control Center, Cheongju, South Korea; Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Y Y Kim
- Big Data Steering Department, National Health Insurance Service, Wonju, Republic of Korea; Drug Evaluation Department, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - J H Park
- College of Medicine/Institute of Health & Science Convergence, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, South Korea; Chungbuk Tobacco Control Center, Cheongju, South Korea.
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11
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Jin M, Kim CA, Bae DJ, Kim SY, Kim TY, Kim WB, Shong YK, Kim WG, Jeon MJ. Changes in peripheral blood immune cell population in thyroid cancer patients treated with lenvatinib. Sci Rep 2023; 13:12765. [PMID: 37550394 PMCID: PMC10406916 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-39503-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated changes in the peripheral blood immune cell population in patients with advanced thyroid cancer receiving lenvatinib treatment to confirm the immune-modulatory effect of lenvatinib. After obtaining informed consent from patients, we prospectively collected 20 ml of whole blood at 2-3 months intervals 2-4 times from each patient; peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were separated, and the Maxpar Direct Immune Profiling Assay was performed. A total of 10 patients were enrolled, and 31 blood samples were obtained. The median age of patients was 65 years, and all patients showed durable responses to the lenvatinib treatment. When we compared the PBMC profiles between the pre-treatment, on-treatment, and off-treatment samples, the peripheral natural killer (NK) cell proportion differed significantly. The proportion of NK cells among total live cells significantly increased from 9.3 ± 4.5 (%) in the pre-treatment samples to 20.8 ± 7.9 (%) in the on-treatment samples (P = 0.009) and decreased to 13.3 ± 3.1 (%) in the off-treatment samples (P = 0.07). There was a significant increase in the peripheral NK cell population with lenvatinib treatment in advanced thyroid cancer patients. This finding confirms the immune-modulatory effect of lenvatinib.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meihua Jin
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88, Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Dankook University College of Medicine, Cheonan, 3116, Korea
| | - Chae A Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88, Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Jun Bae
- PrismCDX Co., Ltd., 593-16, Dongtan Giheung-ro, Hwaseoung-si, 18469, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Sang-Yeob Kim
- Convergence Medicine Research Center, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, 05505, Korea
| | - Tae Yong Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88, Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Bae Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88, Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Kee Shong
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88, Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Gu Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88, Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Ji Jeon
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88, Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea.
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12
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Kim YH, Park MR, Kim SY, Kim MY, Kim KW, Sohn MH. Respiratory microbiome profiles are associated with distinct inflammatory phenotype and lung function in children with asthma. J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol 2023:0. [PMID: 37260034 DOI: 10.18176/jiaci.0918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Respiratory microbiome studies have fostered our understanding of various phenotypes and endotypes of heterogeneous asthma. However, the relationship between the respiratory microbiome and clinical phenotypes in children with asthma remains unclear. We aimed to identify microbiome-driven clusters reflecting the clinical features of asthma and their dominant microbiotas in children with asthma. METHODS Induced sputum was collected from children with asthma, and microbiome profiles were generated via sequencing of the V3-V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene. Cluster analysis was performed using the partitioning around medoid clustering method. The dominant microbiota in each cluster was determined using the Linear Discriminant Effect Size analysis. Each cluster was analyzed for association among the dominant microbiota, clinical phenotype, and inflammatory cytokine. RESULTS Eighty-three children diagnosed with asthma were evaluated. Among four clusters reflecting the clinical characteristics of asthma, cluster 1, dominated by Haemophilus and Neisseria, demonstrated lower post-bronchodilator (BD) forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1)/forced vital capacity (FVC) than that in the other clusters and more mixed granulocytic asthma. Neisseria negatively correlated with pre-BD and post-BD FEV1/FVC. Haemophilus and Neisseria positively correlated with programmed death-ligand (PD-L)1. CONCLUSION To our knowledge, this study is the first to analyze the relationship between an unbiased microbiome-driven cluster and clinical phenotype in children with asthma. The cluster dominated by Haemophilus and Neisseria showed fixed airflow obstruction and mixed granulocytic asthma, which correlated with PD-L1 levels. Thus, microbiome-driven unbiased clustering can help identify new asthma phenotypes related to endotypes in childhood asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y H Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Seoul
- Institute of Allergy, Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Brain Korea 21 Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul
| | - M R Park
- Department of Pediatrics, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Seoul
- Institute of Allergy, Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Brain Korea 21 Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul
| | - S Y Kim
- Institute of Allergy, Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Brain Korea 21 Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul
- Department of Pediatrics, Severance Hospital, Seoul
| | - M Y Kim
- Institute of Allergy, Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Brain Korea 21 Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul
- Department of Pediatrics, Yongin Severance Hospital, Yongin, Korea
| | - K W Kim
- Institute of Allergy, Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Brain Korea 21 Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul
- Department of Pediatrics, Severance Hospital, Seoul
| | - M H Sohn
- Institute of Allergy, Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Brain Korea 21 Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul
- Department of Pediatrics, Severance Hospital, Seoul
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13
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Duong TH, Kim SY, Chung SY, Son H, Oh S, Maeng SK. Biomass formation and organic carbon migration potential of microplastics from a PET recycling plant: Implication of biostability. J Hazard Mater 2023; 455:131645. [PMID: 37207483 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.131645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The growth of the polyethylene terephthalate (PET) mechanical recycling industry has resulted in the challenge of generating microplastics (MPs). However, little attention has been given to investigating the release of organic carbon from these MPs and their roles in promoting bacterial growth in aquatic environments. In this study, a comprehensive method is proposed to access the potential of organic carbon migration and biomass formation of MPs generated from a PET recycling plant, and to understand its impact on the biological systems of freshwater habitats. Various MPs sizes from a PET recycling plant were selected to conduct a series of tests, including the organic carbon migration test, biomass formation potential test, and microbial community analysis. The MPs smaller than 100 µm, which are difficult to remove from the wastewater, exhibited greater biomass in the observed samples (1.05 × 1011 bacteria per gram MPs). Moreover, PET MPs altered the microbial diversity, with Burkholderiaceae becoming the most abundant, while Rhodobacteraceae was eliminated after being incubated with MPs. This study partly revealed that organic matter adsorbed on the surface of MPs was a significant nutrient source that increased biomass formation. PET MPs acted not only as carriers for microorganisms but also for organic matter. As a result, it is crucial to develop and refine recycling methods in order to decrease the production of PET MPs and minimize their adverse effects on the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thi Huyen Duong
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Sejong University, 209 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Yeob Kim
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Sejong University, 209 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Yeop Chung
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Sejong University, 209 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Heejong Son
- Busan Water Quality Institute, Busan Water Authority, Busan 50804, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungdae Oh
- Department of Civil Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Kyu Maeng
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Sejong University, 209 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea.
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Kim HJ, Lee EJ, Kim SY, Kim H, Kim KW, Kim S, Kim H, Seo D, Lee BJ, Lim HT, Kim KK, Lim YM. Serum proteins for monitoring and predicting visual function in patients with recent optic neuritis. Sci Rep 2023; 13:5609. [PMID: 37019946 PMCID: PMC10076295 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-32748-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
It is unclear whether serum proteins can serve as biomarkers to reflect pathological changes and predict recovery in inflammation of optic nerve. We evaluated whether serum proteins could monitor and prognosticate optic neuritis (ON). We prospectively recruited consecutive patients with recent ON, classified as ON with anti-aquaporin-4 antibody (AQP4-ON), ON with anti-myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody (MOG-ON), and double-seronegative ON (DSN-ON). Using ultrasensitive single-molecule array assays, we measured serum neurofilament light chain and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). We analyzed the markers according to disease group, state, severity, and prognosis. We enrolled 60 patients with recent ON (15 AQP4-ON; 14 MOG-ON; 31 DSN-ON). At baseline, AQP4-ON group had significantly higher serum GFAP levels than did other groups. In AQP4-ON group, serum GFAP levels were significantly higher in the attack state than in the remission state and correlated with poor visual acuity. As a prognostic indicator, serum BDNF levels were positively correlated with follow-up visual function in the AQP4-ON group (r = 0.726, p = 0.027). Serum GFAP reflected disease status and severity, while serum BDNF was identified as a prognostic biomarker in AQP4-ON. Serum biomarkers are potentially helpful for patients with ON, particularly those with AQP4-ON.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyo Jae Kim
- Department of Neurology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Eun-Jae Lee
- Department of Neurology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
- Department of Medicine, Asan Medical Institute of Convergence Science and Technology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
- Translational Biomedical Research Group, Asan Institute for Life Science, Asan Meidcal Center, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - Sang-Yeob Kim
- Department of Convergence Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyunjin Kim
- Department of Neurology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Keon-Woo Kim
- Department of Neurology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seungmi Kim
- Department of Medicine, Asan Medical Institute of Convergence Science and Technology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyunji Kim
- Department of Medicine, Asan Medical Institute of Convergence Science and Technology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Dayoung Seo
- Department of Medicine, Asan Medical Institute of Convergence Science and Technology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Byung Joo Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyun Taek Lim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kwang-Kuk Kim
- Department of Neurology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Young-Min Lim
- Department of Neurology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
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15
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Lee SG, Chae J, Woo SM, Seo SU, Kim HJ, Kim SY, Schlaepfer DD, Kim IS, Park HS, Kwon TK, Nam JO. TGFBI remodels adipose metabolism by regulating the Notch-1 signaling pathway. Exp Mol Med 2023; 55:520-531. [PMID: 36854775 PMCID: PMC10073093 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-023-00947-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular matrix proteins are associated with metabolically healthy adipose tissue and regulate inflammation, fibrosis, angiogenesis, and subsequent metabolic deterioration. In this study, we demonstrated that transforming growth factor-beta (TGFBI), an extracellular matrix (ECM) component, plays an important role in adipose metabolism and browning during high-fat diet-induced obesity. TGFBI KO mice were resistant to adipose tissue hypertrophy, liver steatosis, and insulin resistance. Furthermore, adipose tissue from TGFBI KO mice contained a large population of CD11b+ and CD206+ M2 macrophages, which possibly control adipokine secretion through paracrine mechanisms. Mechanistically, we showed that inhibiting TGFBI-stimulated release of adipsin by Notch-1-dependent signaling resulted in adipocyte browning. TGFBI was physiologically bound to Notch-1 and stimulated its activation in adipocytes. Our findings revealed a novel protective effect of TGFBI deficiency in obesity that is realized via the activation of the Notch-1 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seul Gi Lee
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Keimyung University, Daegu, 42601, Republic of Korea
| | - Jongbeom Chae
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Seon Min Woo
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Keimyung University, Daegu, 42601, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Un Seo
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Keimyung University, Daegu, 42601, Republic of Korea
| | - Ha-Jeong Kim
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Yeob Kim
- ASAN Institute for Life Sciences, ASAN Medical Center, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - David D Schlaepfer
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - In-San Kim
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
- Center for Theragnosis, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Sae Park
- School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Taeg Kyu Kwon
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Keimyung University, Daegu, 42601, Republic of Korea.
- Center for Forensic Pharmaceutical Science, Keimyung University, Daegu, 42601, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ju-Ock Nam
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea.
- Research Institute of Tailored Food Technology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea.
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16
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Park SJ, Kim H, Piao M, Kang HJ, Fassah DM, Jung DJS, Kim SY, Na SW, Beak SH, Jeong IH, Yoo SP, Hong SJ, Lee DH, Lee SH, Haque MN, Shin DJ, Kwon JA, Jo C, Baik M. Effects of genomic estimated breeding value and dietary energy to protein ratio on growth performance, carcass trait, and lipogenic gene expression in Hanwoo steer. Animal 2023; 17:100728. [PMID: 36870258 DOI: 10.1016/j.animal.2023.100728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
"Genome-based precision feeding" is a concept that involves the application of customised diets to different genetic groups of cattle. We investigated the effects of the genomic estimated breeding value (gEBV) and dietary energy to protein ratio (DEP) on growth performance, carcass traits, and lipogenic gene expression in Hanwoo (Korean cattle) steers. Forty-four Hanwoo steers (BW = 636 kg, age = 26.9 months) were genotyped using the Illumina Bovine 50 K BeadChip. The gEBV was calculated using genomic best linear unbiased prediction. Animals were separated into high gEBV of marbling score or low-gMS groups based on the upper and lower 50% groupings of the reference population, respectively. Animals were assigned to one of four groups in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement: high gMS/high DEP (0.084 MJ/g), high gMS/low DEP (0.079 MJ/g), low gMS/high DEP, and low gMS/low DEP. Steers were fed concentrate with a high or low DEP for 31 weeks. The BW tended to be higher (0.05 < P < 0.1) in the high-gMS groups compared to the low-gMS groups at 0, 4, 8, 12, and 20 weeks. The average daily gain (ADG) tended to be lower (P = 0.08) in the high-gMS group than in the low-gMS group. Final BW and measured carcass weight (CW) were positively correlated with the gEBV of carcass weight (gCW). The DEP did not affect ADG. Neither the gMS nor the DEP affected the MS and beef quality grade. The intramuscular fat (IMF) content in the longissimus thoracis (LT) tended to be higher (P = 0.08) in the high-gMS groups than in the low-gMS groups. The mRNA levels of lipogenic acetyl-CoA carboxylase and fatty acid binding protein 4 genes in the LT were higher (P < 0.05) in the high-gMS group than in the low-gMS group. Overall, the IMF content tended to be affected by the gMS, and the genetic potential (i.e., gMS) was associated with the functional activity of lipogenic gene expression. The gCW was associated with the measured BW and CW. The results demonstrated that the gMS and the gCW may be used as early prediction indexes for meat quality and growth potential of beef cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- S J Park
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - H Kim
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - M Piao
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - H J Kang
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - D M Fassah
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - D J S Jung
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - S Y Kim
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - S W Na
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - S-H Beak
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - I H Jeong
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - S P Yoo
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - S J Hong
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - D H Lee
- Division of Animal and Dairy Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - S H Lee
- Division of Animal and Dairy Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - M N Haque
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - D-J Shin
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - J A Kwon
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - C Jo
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; Institutes of Green Bio Science Technology, Pyeongchang-daero, Daehwa-myeon, Pyeongchang-gun, Gangwon 25354, Republic of Korea
| | - M Baik
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; Institutes of Green Bio Science Technology, Pyeongchang-daero, Daehwa-myeon, Pyeongchang-gun, Gangwon 25354, Republic of Korea.
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Kim N, Song JY, Yang H, Kim MJ, Lee K, Shin YH, Rhee SY, Hwang J, Kim MS, Fond G, Boyer L, Kim SY, Shin JI, Lee SW, Yon DK. National trends in suicide-related behaviors among youths between 2005-2020, including COVID-19: a Korean representative survey of one million adolescents. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2023; 27:1192-1202. [PMID: 36808368 DOI: 10.26355/eurrev_202302_31226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE It is difficult to conclude that COVID-19 is associated with a decrease in the suicide attempts rate by comparing only a short-term period. Therefore, it is necessary to examine attempted suicide rates through a trend analysis over a longer period. This study aimed to investigate an estimated long-term trend regarding the prevalence of suicide-related behaviors among adolescents in South Korea from 2005 to 2020, including COVID-19. SUBJECTS AND METHODS We sourced data from a national representative survey (Korea Youth Risk Behavior Survey) and analyzed one million Korean adolescents aged 13 to 18 years (n=1,057,885) from 2005 to 2020. The 16-year trends regarding the prevalence of sadness or despair and suicidal ideation and attempt and the trend changes before and during COVID-19. RESULTS Data of 1,057,885 Korean adolescents was analyzed (weighted mean age, 15.03 years; males, 52.5%; females, 47.5%). Although the 16-year trend in the prevalence of sadness or despair and suicide ideation and attempt consistently decreased (prevalence of sadness or despair between 2005-2008, 38.0% with 95% confidence interval [CI], 37.7 to 38.4 vs. prevalence in 2020, 25.0% [24.5 to 25.6]; suicide ideation between 2005-2008, 21.9% [21.6 to 22.1] vs. prevalence in 2020, 10.7% [10.3 to 11.1]; and suicide attempt between 2005-2008, 5.0% [4.9 to 5.2] vs. prevalence in 2020, 1.9% [1.8 to 2.0]), the downward slope decreased during COVID-19 (βdiff in sadness, 0.215 with 95% CI 0.206 to 0.224; βdiff in suicidal ideation, 0.245 [0.234 to 0.256]; and βdiff in suicide attempt, 0.219 [0.201 to 0.237]) compared with pre-pandemic period. CONCLUSIONS This study found that the observed risk of suicide-related behaviors during the pandemic was higher than expected through long-term trend analysis of the prevalence of sadness/despair and suicidal ideation and attempts among South Korean adolescents. We need a profound epidemiologic study of the change in mental health due to the pandemic's impact and the establishment of prevention strategies for suicide ideation and attempt.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Kim
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
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Oh CR, Kim HD, Ryu YM, Lee S, Kim D, Lee DAS, Jeong JH, Chang HM, Ryoo BY, Kim KP, Kim M, Kim SY, Yoo C. Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition Phenotype and Peritumoral Immune Cell Infiltration in Advanced Biliary Tract Cancer. Anticancer Res 2023; 43:645-652. [PMID: 36697100 DOI: 10.21873/anticanres.16201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM This study evaluated the clinical implications of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers and peritumoral immune cell infiltration in patients with biliary tract cancer (BTC) treated with gemcitabine plus cisplatin (GemCis). MATERIALS AND METHODS Forty-five patients with advanced BTC who received GemCis were included as the study population. We conducted multiplex immunohistochemistry and examined EMT markers and their correlations with immune cell infiltrate at the invasive tumor margin. Study population was subdivided into two groups: twenty-four patients with overall survival (OS) less than 10 months (short-term survivor group, SS) and 21 with OS of 20 months or longer (long-term survivor group, LS). RESULTS The density of tumor cells expressing epithelial marker E-cadherin (E-cadherin+ CK+) at the invasive tumor margin tended to be higher in the LS group than that in the SS group (p=0.065). The density of tumor cells expressing mesenchymal marker vimentin (vimentin+ CK+) was significantly higher in the SS group than that in the LS group (p=0.021). The density of E-cadherin- vimentin+ tumor cells (E-cadherin- vimentin+ CK+) was also significantly higher in the SS group (p=0.020). The density of OX40 expressing cells was significantly higher in the SS group compared to that in the LS group (p=0.006). The density of vimentin-expressing tumor cells was positively correlated with FoxP3+ CD4+ regulatory T-cells (r=0.29, p=0.047) and OX40+ cells (r=0.48, p<0.001). CONCLUSION EMT-related features were enriched in BTC patients with poor survival outcomes and associated with regulatory T-cell infiltration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung Ryul Oh
- Department of Oncology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, Chung-Ang University Hospital, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung-Don Kim
- Department of Oncology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeon-Mi Ryu
- Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seonmin Lee
- Digestive Disease Research Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Danbee Kim
- Department of Oncology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - DA Sol Lee
- Department of Oncology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Ho Jeong
- Department of Oncology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Heung-Moon Chang
- Department of Oncology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Baek-Yeol Ryoo
- Department of Oncology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu-Pyo Kim
- Department of Oncology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Miyeon Kim
- Department of Medical Science, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Yeob Kim
- Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea;
| | - Changhoon Yoo
- Department of Oncology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea;
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19
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Oh CR, Kim JE, Lee JS, Kim SY, Kim TW, Choi J, Kim J, Park IJ, Lim SB, Park JH, Kim JH, Choi MK, Cha Y, Baek JY, Beom SH, Hong YS. Preoperative Chemoradiotherapy With Capecitabine With or Without Temozolomide in Patients With Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer: A Prospective, Randomised Phase II Study Stratified by O 6-Methylguanine DNA Methyltransferase Status: KCSG-CO17-02. Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol) 2023; 35:e143-e152. [PMID: 36376167 DOI: 10.1016/j.clon.2022.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To evaluate the clinical efficacy of adding temozolomide (TMZ) to preoperative capecitabine (CAP)-based chemoradiotherapy in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC) and validate O6-methylguanine DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) methylation status as a predictive marker for TMZ combined regimens. MATERIALS AND METHODS LARC patients with clinical stage II (cT3-4N0) or III (cTanyN+) disease were enrolled. They were stratified into unmethylated MGMT (uMGMT) and methylated MGMT (mMGMT) groups by methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction before randomisation and were then randomly assigned (1:1) to one of four treatment arms: uMGMT/CAP (arm A), uMGMT/TMZ + CAP (arm B), mMGMT/CAP (arm C) and mMGMT/TMZ + CAP (arm D). The primary end point was the pathological complete response (pCR) rate. RESULTS Between November 2017 and July 2020, 64 patients were randomised. Slow accrual caused early study termination. After excluding four ineligible patients, 60 were included in the full analysis set. The pCR rate was 15.0% (9/60), 0%, 14.3%, 18.8% and 26.7% for the entire cohort, arms A, B, C and D, respectively (P = 0.0498 between arms A and D). The pCR rate was 9.7% in the CAP group (arms A + C), 20.7% in the TMZ + CAP group (arms B + D), 6.9% in the uMGMT group (arms A + B) and 22.6% in the mMGMT group (arms C + D). Grade 1-2 nausea or vomiting was significantly more frequent in the TMZ + CAP treatment groups (arms B + D) than in the CAP treatment groups (arms A + C, P < 0.001) with no difference in grade 3 adverse events. There were no grade 4 or 5 adverse events. CONCLUSION The addition of TMZ to CAP-based chemoradiotherapy tended to improve pCR rates, particularly in those with mMGMT LARC. MGMT status may warrant further investigation as a predictive biomarker for chemotherapeutic agents and radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- C R Oh
- Department of Oncology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Internal Medicine, Chung-Ang University Hospital, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - J E Kim
- Department of Oncology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - J S Lee
- Clinical Research Center, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - S Y Kim
- Department of Oncology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - T W Kim
- Department of Oncology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - J Choi
- Department of Pathology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - J Kim
- Department of Pathology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - I J Park
- Department of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - S-B Lim
- Department of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - J-H Park
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - J H Kim
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - M K Choi
- Center for Colorectal Cancer, Research Institute and Hospital, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Y Cha
- Center for Colorectal Cancer, Research Institute and Hospital, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - J Y Baek
- Center for Colorectal Cancer, Research Institute and Hospital, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - S-H Beom
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Y S Hong
- Department of Oncology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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20
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Ban CY, Shin H, Eum S, Yon H, Lee SW, Choi YS, Shin YH, Shin JU, Koyanagi A, Jacob L, Smith L, Min C, Yeniova AÖ, Kim SY, Lee J, Yeo SG, Kwon R, Koo MJ, Fond G, Boyer L, Acharya KP, Kim S, Woo HG, Park S, Shin JI, Rhee SY, Yon DK. 17-year trends of body mass index, overweight, and obesity among adolescents from 2005 to 2021, including the COVID-19 pandemic: a Korean national representative study. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2023; 27:1565-1575. [PMID: 36876712 DOI: 10.26355/eurrev_202302_31399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE There is a lack of pediatric studies that have analyzed trends in mean body mass index (BMI) and the prevalence of obesity and overweight over a period that includes the mid-stage of the COVID-19 pandemic. Thus, we aimed to investigate trends in BMI, overweight, and obesity among Korean adolescents from 2005 to 2021, including the COVID-19 pandemic. SUBJECTS AND METHODS We used data from the Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey (KYRBS), which is nationally representative of South Korea. The study included middle- and high-school students between the ages of 12 and 18. We examined trends in mean BMI and prevalence of obesity and/or overweight during the COVID-19 pandemic and compared these to those of pre-pandemic trends in each subgroup by gender, grade, and residential region. RESULTS Data from 1,111,300 adolescents (mean age: 15.04 years) were analyzed. The estimated weighted mean BMI was 20.48 kg/m2 (95% CI, 20.46-20.51) between 2005 and 2007, and this was 21.61 kg/m2 (95% CI, 21.54-21.68) in 2021. The prevalence of overweight and obesity was 13.1% (95% CI, 12.9-13.3%) between 2005 and 2007 and 23.4% (95% CI, 22.8-24.0%) in 2021. The mean BMI and prevalence of obesity and overweight have gradually increased over the past 17 years; however, the extent of change in mean BMI and in the prevalence of obesity and overweight during the pandemic was distinctly less than before. The 17-year trends in the mean BMI, obesity, and overweight exhibited a considerable rise from 2005 to 2021; however, the slope during the COVID-19 pandemic (2020-2021) was significantly less prominent than in the pre-pandemic (2005-2019). CONCLUSIONS These findings enable us to comprehend long-term trends in the mean BMI of Korean adolescents and further emphasize the need for practical prevention measures against youth obesity and overweight.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Y Ban
- Department of Medicine, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
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21
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Cho H, Kim JE, Hong YS, Kim SY, Kim J, Ryu YM, Kim SY, Kim TW. Comprehensive evaluation of the tumor immune microenvironment and its dynamic changes in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer treated with preoperative chemoradiotherapy: From the phase II ADORE study. Oncoimmunology 2022; 11:2148374. [PMID: 36451674 PMCID: PMC9704411 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2022.2148374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
A better understanding of the effects of preoperative chemoradiotherapy (CRT) on tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) is essential to improve the treatment outcomes of patients with locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC). In this context, we performed a multiplex immunofluorescence staining to evaluate the TIME in 158 patients with LARC who underwent preoperative CRT followed by surgery and adjuvant chemotherapy in the ADORE trial. We found that higher levels of T-cell subsets (CD3+, CD4+, and CD8+) and dendritic cells in the tumor compartment of pretreatment biopsy samples were associated with good response to preoperative CRT. After CRT, there was a significant increase in the densities of CD3+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, and dendritic cells, while that of CD4+FoxP3+ regulatory T cells decreased, indicating that CRT changed the TIME into a more immune-active status. However, CRT also conferred an immunosuppressive effect by polarizing the tumor-associated macrophages from pro-inflammatory M1 macrophage to immune-suppressive M2 macrophages and decreasing the density of B cells. High delta values of CD3+ T cells and PD-L1+ lymphocytes after CRT were associated with good disease-free survival (DFS), while that of CD4+FoxP3+ regulatory T cells was associated with poor DFS. These findings provide a framework for future studies incorporating strategies to modulate the TIME in patients with LARC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyungwoo Cho
- Departments of Oncology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jeong Eun Kim
- Departments of Oncology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yong Sang Hong
- Departments of Oncology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sun Young Kim
- Departments of Oncology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jihun Kim
- Departments of Pathology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yeon-Mi Ryu
- Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang-Yeob Kim
- Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Tae Won Kim
- Departments of Oncology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea,CONTACT Tae Won Kim Department of Oncology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88 Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, Korea
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22
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Min SH, Kwon J, Do EJ, Kim SH, Kim ES, Jeong JY, Bae SM, Kim SY, Park DH. Duodenal Dual-Wavelength Photobiomodulation Improves Hyperglycemia and Hepatic Parameters with Alteration of Gut Microbiome in Type 2 Diabetes Animal Model. Cells 2022; 11:3490. [PMID: 36359885 PMCID: PMC9654760 DOI: 10.3390/cells11213490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 09/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recently, the duodenum has garnered interest for its role in treating metabolic diseases, including type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Multiple sessions of external photobiomodulation (PBM) in previous animal studies suggested it resulted in improved hyperglycemia, glucose intolerance, and insulin resistance with a multifactorial mechanism of action, despite the target organ of PBM not being clearly proven. This study aimed to determine whether a single session of a duodenal light-emitting diode (LED) PBM may impact the T2DM treatment in an animal model. METHODS Goto-Kakizaki rats as T2DM models were subjected to PBM through duodenal lumen irradiation, sham procedure, or control in 1-week pilot (630 nm, 850 nm, or 630/850 nm) and 4-week follow-up (630 nm or 630/850 nm) studies. Oral glucose tolerance tests; serum glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1), glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide, and insulin levels; liver chemistry and histology; and gut microbiome in the PBM, sham control, and control groups were evaluated. RESULTS In the 1-week study, duodenal dual-wavelength (D, 630/850 nm) LED PBM showed improved glucose intolerance, alkaline phosphatase and cholesterol levels, and weight gain than other groups. The D-LED PBM group in the 4-week study also showed improved hyperglycemia and liver enzyme levels, with relatively preserved pancreatic islets and increased serum insulin and GLP-1 levels. Five genera (Bacteroides, Escherichia, Parabacteroides, Allobaculum, and Faecalibaculum) were significantly enriched 1 week after the D-LED PBM. Bacteroides acidifaciens significantly increased, while Lachnospiraceae significantly decreased after 1 week. CONCLUSION A single session of D-LED PBM improved hyperglycemia and hepatic parameters through the change of serum insulin, insulin resistance, insulin expression in the pancreatic β-cells, and gut microbiome in T2DM animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Se Hee Min
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul 05505, Korea
| | - Jinhee Kwon
- Digestive Diseases Research Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul 05505, Korea
- Department of Medical Science, Asan Medical Institute of Convergence Science and Technology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul 05505, Korea
| | - Eun-Ju Do
- Convergence Medicine Research Center, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, Seoul 05505, Korea
| | - So Hee Kim
- Digestive Diseases Research Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul 05505, Korea
| | - Eun Sil Kim
- Department of Convergence Medicine, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul 05505, Korea
| | - Jin-Yong Jeong
- Department of Convergence Medicine, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul 05505, Korea
| | - Sang Mun Bae
- Convergence Medicine Research Center, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, Seoul 05505, Korea
| | - Sang-Yeob Kim
- Convergence Medicine Research Center, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, Seoul 05505, Korea
| | - Do Hyun Park
- Digestive Diseases Research Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul 05505, Korea
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23
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Kim JH, Kim GH, Ryu YM, Kim SY, Kim HD, Yoon SK, Cho Y, Lee JL. Clinical implications of the tumor microenvironment using multiplexed immunohistochemistry in patients with advanced or metastatic renal cell carcinoma treated with nivolumab plus ipilimumab. Front Oncol 2022; 12:969569. [PMID: 36237314 PMCID: PMC9552830 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.969569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
PurposeImmune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) such as nivolumab and ipilimumab (N/I) are important treatment options for advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC). The tumor microenvironment (TME) in these ICI-treated patients is largely unknown.MethodsTwenty-four patients treated with N/I between July 2015 and June 2020 were analyzed. Multiplexed immunohistochemistry (mIHC) was conducted to define the TME, including various T cell subsets, B cells, macrophages, and dendritic cells.ResultsThe median age of the study patients was 61 years (range, 39–80) and 75.0% of these cases were men. The objective response rate with N/I was 50.0%. The densities of the CD8+ cytotoxic T cells (P=0.005), specifically CD137+ CD8+ T cells (P=0.017), Foxp3- CD4+ helper T cells (P=0.003), Foxp3+ CD4+ regulatory T cells (P=0.045), CD68+ CD206- M1 macrophages (P=0.008), and CD68+ CD206+ M2 macrophages (P=0.021) were significantly higher in the treatment responders. At a median follow-up duration of 24.7 months, the median progression-free survival (PFS) was 11.6 months. The high densities (≥median) of Foxp3- CD4+ helper T cells (P=0.016) and CD68+ CD206- M1 macrophages (P=0.008) were significantly associated with better PFS, and the density of CD137+ CD8+ cytotoxic T cells (P=0.079) was marginally associated with better PFS. After multivariate analysis, the higher density of Foxp3- CD4+ helper T cells was independently associated with better PFS (hazard ratio 0.19; P=0.016).ConclusionThe properties and clinical implications of the TME properties in RCC indicate that Foxp3- CD4+ helper T cells, M1 macrophages, and CD137+ CD8+ T cells are potential predictive biomarkers and treatment targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jwa Hoon Kim
- Department of Oncology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Anam Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Gi Hwan Kim
- Department of Pathology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yeon-Mi Ryu
- Department of Convergence Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sang-Yeob Kim
- Department of Convergence Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyung-Don Kim
- Department of Oncology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Shin Kyo Yoon
- Department of Oncology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yong Mee Cho
- Department of Pathology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jae Lyun Lee
- Department of Oncology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Jae Lyun Lee,
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Lee MK, Kim KN, Jeong MA, Kim SY, Oh MS, Kwon BS. Facemask ventilation and vocal cord angle following neuromuscular blockade: a prospective observational study . Anaesthesia 2022; 77:1010-1017. [PMID: 35727620 DOI: 10.1111/anae.15786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Numerous studies support the idea that neuromuscular blockade facilitates facemask ventilation after induction of anaesthesia. Although improved airway patency or pulmonary compliance and a resolution of laryngospasm have been suggested as possible causes, the exact mechanism remains unclear. We aimed to assess whether neuromuscular blockade improves facemask ventilation and to clarify whether this phenomenon is associated with the vocal cord angle. This prospective observational study included patients aged between 20 and 65 years scheduled for elective surgery under general anaesthesia. After induction of anaesthesia, patients' lungs were ventilated with pressure-controlled ventilation using a facemask. During facemask ventilation, a flexible bronchoscope was inserted through a self-sealing diaphragm at the elbow connector attached to the facemask and breathing circuit and positioned to allow a continuous view of the vocal cords. The mean tidal volume and vocal cord angle were measured before and after administration of neuromuscular blocking drugs. Of 108 patients, 100 completed the study. Mean (SD) tidal volume ((11.0 (3.9) ml.kg-1 vs. 13.6 (2.6) ml.kg-1 ; p < 0.001) and mean (SD) vocal cord angle (17° (10°) vs. 26° (5°); p < 0.001) increased significantly after neuromuscular blockade. The proportional increase in mean tidal volume after neuromuscular blockade was positively correlated with vocal cord angle (Spearman's ρ = 0.803; p < 0.001). In conclusion, neuromuscular blockade facilitated facemask ventilation, and the improvement was correlated with further opening of the vocal cords.
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Affiliation(s)
- M K Lee
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Hanyang University Seoul Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - K N Kim
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Hanyang University Seoul Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - M A Jeong
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Hanyang University Seoul Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - S Y Kim
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Hanyang University Seoul Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - M S Oh
- College of Medicine, Hanyang University Seoul Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - B S Kwon
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Hanyang University Seoul Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Abstract
Exposed dental pulp can maintain its vitality through a pulp-capping procedure with biocompatible materials, followed by reparative dentin formation. Our previous study demonstrated that a vitronectin-derived peptide (VnP-16) promotes osteoblast differentiation and concomitantly restrains osteoclast differentiation and resorptive function. In this study, we aimed to demonstrate that VnP-16 promotes odontoblast differentiation, mineralization, and reparative dentin formation in a pulp exposure model using a rat tooth. VnP-16 showed no cytotoxicity and promoted cellular behavior in human dental pulp cells, enhancing their differentiation into odontoblast-like cells and mineralization, effects that are comparable to those obtained with vitronectin. In a rat pulp exposure model, VnP-16 showed mild inflammatory responses at 2 and 4 wk or none. Mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) demonstrated a tendency of early formation of reparative dentin at 2 wk when compared with recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein 2 (rhBMP-2) and VnP-16. However, VnP-16 induced reparative dentin formation similar to MTA and rhBMP-2 without inflammation at 4 wk. In addition, VnP-16 showed a thicker and homogeneous reparative dentin formation versus MTA and rhBMP-2. Collectively, these results suggest that VnP-16 can be a useful, direct pulp-capping agent for highly qualified reparative dentin formation by promoting cell behavior and odontoblastic differentiation of human dental pulp cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Park
- Department of Oral Biochemistry and Program in Cancer and Developmental Biology, Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Conservative Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - M Song
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Dankook University, Cheon-An, Korea
| | - S Y Kim
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - B M Min
- Department of Oral Biochemistry and Program in Cancer and Developmental Biology, Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
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Kim S, Jo SI, Kim SY, Bae DJ, Kim JO, Shin JY, Kim JR, Lee C, Chun SH, Park G, Kang JH. Abstract LB139: The RNA signature of immune-related genes and distinct spatial distribution of immune cells are closely associated with the treatment outcomes in the malignant melanoma patients receiving immune checkpoint inhibitors. Cancer Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2022-lb139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction: The immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) against CTLA-4 and PD-1/PD-L1, have improved survival with long-term durable response for advanced malignant melanomas. However, despite this success, only a minority of them respond to ICIs, with 10-40% objective response rate. The clinical experience with ICIs has identified several potential biomarkers associated with treatment efficacy, including tumor mutational burden, tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, PD-L1 expression, and intestinal microbiota, but they still have not been useful in clinical practice. Our study aimed to investigate the influences of RNA gene signature and spatial distribution of immune cells on the treatment outcomes of malignant melanoma patients receiving ICIs.
Method Clinical: data were retrospectively collected malignant melanoma patients who had been treated with ICIs between Jan. 2016 and Dec. 2018 at Seoul St. Mary’s Hospitals. Among them, 23 cases with sufficient tumor tissue to examine RNA expression profile by NGS and the composition, and spatial distance of immune cells by multiplex immunofluorescent staining.
Results: The cell densities of T cells, cytotoxic T cells, Treg cells, CD8+Treg cells, and exhausted T cells in the good response group tended to be higher, which was clearer in the peritumoral (PT) area than the intratumoral (IT) area. Meanwhile, the cell densities of macrophage and activated M1 were significantly higher, which was more pronounced in the IT area than the PT area. For the good response group, M1/M2 ratio in the IT area was significantly higher compared to that of poor response group (p=0.045). The distribution (%) of cancer cells present at a close distance from T cells in the PT area was relatively higher in the good responders compared to that of the poor responders. In most cases, the distribution of cancer cells (%) present at a close distance from M1, M2, and NK cells tended to be higher in the IT area than PT area. For the cases with higher distribution of cancer cells at a close distance from M1 in the IT area, OS was significantly extended (p=0.036). For the cases with higher distribution of cancer cells at a close distance from NK cells in the IT area, PFS was significantly prolonged (p=0.057), but OS was not (p=0.324). The gene sets with relatively higher RNA expression in the good response group, were as follows; hematopoietic cell dedifferentiation gene, T-cell related adaptive immunity gene, interferon-related cytokine gene, and macrophage, NK, cell, T-cell innate immunity gene set. In the good response group, innate immune response (TLR7, PTPRC, CCL5), INFγ and JAK signaling molecules (CD8A, STAT1, CD86, IRF3, CXCL10, CXCL9, OAS1, IL10R α, IRF1, IFNAR2, CXCR3, PYHIN1, KIRK1, IFIH1) showed more than 2-folds increase of RNA expression. Meanwhile, in the poor response group, inflammatory immune response (CTSV, HMGB3, KIT, CDC4EP4, TRIM28), extracellular immune response (SPON1, SRPX, SOX10, SNAI2, LING01, LAMC3), fibrosis response genes (TGFβ2, TGFβ1) was increased.
Conclusion: Taken together, our results suggest that the distinguishing spatial distribution of T-cells, macrophages and NK cells and RNA signature of immune-related genes have close associations with therapeutic outcomes in malignant melanoma patients treated with ICIs.
Citation Format: Seoree Kim, Su In Jo, Sang-Yeob Kim, Dong-Jun Bae, Jeong-Oh Kim, Jeong-yeon Shin, Joo-re Kim, Cookjin Lee, Sang hoon Chun, Gyeongsin Park, Jin Hyoung Kang. The RNA signature of immune-related genes and distinct spatial distribution of immune cells are closely associated with the treatment outcomes in the malignant melanoma patients receiving immune checkpoint inhibitors [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2022; 2022 Apr 8-13. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(12_Suppl):Abstract nr LB139.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seoree Kim
- 1Bucheon St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Su In Jo
- 2Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Yeob Kim
- 2Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Jun Bae
- 2Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Oh Kim
- 3Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-yeon Shin
- 3Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo-re Kim
- 1Bucheon St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Cookjin Lee
- 1Bucheon St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang hoon Chun
- 1Bucheon St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyeongsin Park
- 3Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Hyoung Kang
- 3Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Kim S, Jo S, Kim SY, Bae DJ, Park G, Kang JH, Kim J, Lee GJ, Chun SH, Kim IH, Ko YH. The RNA signature of immune-related genes and distinct spatial distribution of immune cells are closely associated with the treatment outcomes in the malignant melanoma patients receiving immune checkpoint inhibitors. J Clin Oncol 2022. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2022.40.16_suppl.e21504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
e21504 Background: The immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), have improved survival with durable response for advanced malignant melanomas, but, only a minority of patients has achieved. To stay sway failure of triage patients, considerable side effects and costs of ICB therapies, the development of robust signatures predictive of response to ICB therapies is warranted. Methods: Clinical data were collected at Seoul St. Mary’s Hospitals. Among them, we examined RNA expression profile by QuantSeq 3’ mRNA-Sequencing and the composition, and spatial distance of immune cells by multiplex immunofluorescent staining. Results: The gene sets with relatively higher RNA expression in the good response group, were as follows; hematopoietic cell dedifferentiation gene, T-cell related adaptive immunity gene, IFN-related cytokine gene, and macrophage (TAM), NK cell, innate immunity gene set. Meanwhile, in the poor response group, inflammatory response, fibrosis response genes was increased.The cell densities of T cells, cytotoxic T cells, Treg cells, CD8+Treg cells, and exhausted T cells in the good response group tended to be higher, which was clearer in the peritumoral (PT) area than the intratumoral (IT) area. For the good response group, M1/M2 ratio in the IT area was significantly higher compared to that of poor response group (p = 0.045). According to the nearest neighbor analysis for % of melanoma cells within 15um distance present a close distance from M1, M2, and NK cells tended to be higher in the IT area than PT area. For the cases with higher spatial distribution from M1 in the IT area, PFS and OS was significantly extended (PFS, p = 0.0021; OS, p = 0.036). The gene sets with relatively higher mRNA expression in high neighborhood macrophage group, were cell death, apoptosis process gene set. In low neighboring M1 macrophage group, relatively higher mRNA expressions of extracellular component inflammation and fibrosis gene, cell migration, and cell de-differentiation gene set were observed. Conclusions: Taken together, our results suggest 4 key points. First, good and poor responder groups for ICB show marked differences from mRNA profiling to protein expression according to central dogma. Second, immune cells can be distributed sporadically in many places, but the actionable ground of the adaptive immune cells of the T cell family is the PT, and the playground of innate immune cells such as TAM and NK cells is the IT. In particular, the anti-tumor response of M1 macrophage and M2 macrophage was oppositely in IT. Third, high TAMs in IT are interpreted to have a tumoricidal effect because they show a stationery state while coding the killing effect gene set. In addition, topologically, spatial analysis as well as bulk genomics are important for predicting tumor response for ICIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seoree Kim
- Bucheon St. Mary's Hospital, Bucheon, South Korea
| | - Suin Jo
- prismCDX Co., Ltd, Seoul, South Korea
| | | | | | - Gyeongsin Park
- Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jin Hyoung Kang
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Joori Kim
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Guk Jin Lee
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St.Mary's Hospital, Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sang Hoon Chun
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Bucheon St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, School of Medicine, Bucheon-Si, Gyeonggi-Do, South Korea
| | - In-Ho Kim
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yoon Ho Ko
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Eunpyeong St. Mary’s Hospital, Catholic University, Seoul, South Korea
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Yu DS, Kim SY. Changes in Postural Control Ability after Wearing Corrective Glasses for Distance in Older Adults and Their Causes. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 19:ijerph19116643. [PMID: 35682228 PMCID: PMC9180575 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19116643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Deterioration of postural control in older adults is unavoidable due to age-associated degeneration of the visual system. Our study objective was therefore to verify whether there is a positive effect on postural control ability after providing older adults, whose postural control function had deteriorated, with corrective glasses to correct refractive errors. Twenty-seven participants, 66 to 90 years of age, were included in this study. Stability index, synchronization index, and sway power index were measured by using the TETRAX balance system and comparatively analyzed before and after wearing the corrective glasses for distance. The stability index after wearing corrective glasses significantly decreased compared to before wearing them (p < 0.05). Four synchronization areas, among six, showed a significant increase in the synchronization index after wearing corrective glasses compared to before wearing them (p < 0.05). The sway power index significantly decreased in the mid−high and the high frequency after wearing the corrective glasses (p < 0.05). Optimal visual information can be obtained through the correction of residual refractive errors, eliciting a positive effect on the overall posture control by improving the sensory integration ability with the somatic nervous system responsible for posture control, maximizing the lower extremity motor function of the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sang-Yeob Kim
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-33-540-3413; Fax: +82-33-540-3419
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Shim S, Lee S, Hisham Y, Kim S, Nguyen TT, Taitt AS, Hwang J, Jhun H, Park HY, Lee Y, Yeom SC, Kim SY, Kim YG, Kim S. A Paradoxical Effect of Interleukin-32 Isoforms on Cancer. Front Immunol 2022; 13:837590. [PMID: 35281008 PMCID: PMC8913503 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.837590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
IL-32 plays a contradictory role such as tumor proliferation or suppressor in cancer development depending on the cancer type. In most cancers, it was found that the high expression of IL-32 was associated with more proliferative and progression of cancer. However, studying the isoforms of IL-32 cytokine has placed its paradoxical role into a wide range of functions based on its dominant isoform and surrounding environment. IL-32β, for example, was found mostly in different types of cancer and associated with cancer expansion. This observation is legitimate since cancer exhibits some hypoxic environment and IL-32β was known to be induced under hypoxic conditions. However, IL-32θ interacts directly with protein kinase C-δ reducing NF-κB and STAT3 levels to inhibit epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). This effect could explain the different functions of IL-32 isoforms in cancer. However, pro- or antitumor activity which is dependant on obesity, gender, and age as it relates to IL-32 has yet to be studied. Obesity-related IL-32 regulation indicated the role of IL-32 in cancer metabolism and inflammation. IL-32-specific direction in cancer therapy is difficult to conclude. In this review, we address that the paradoxical effect of IL-32 on cancer is attributed to the dominant isoform, cancer type, tumor microenvironment, and genetic background. IL-32 seems to have a contradictory role in cancer. However, investigating multiple IL-32 isoforms could explain this doubt and bring us closer to using them in therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saerok Shim
- Laboratory of Cytokine Immunology, Department of Biomedical Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Siyoung Lee
- Laboratory of Cytokine Immunology, Department of Biomedical Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea.,YbdYbiotech Research Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yasmin Hisham
- Laboratory of Cytokine Immunology, Department of Biomedical Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sinae Kim
- Laboratory of Cytokine Immunology, Department of Biomedical Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea.,YbdYbiotech Research Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Tam T Nguyen
- Laboratory of Cytokine Immunology, Department of Biomedical Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea.,YbdYbiotech Research Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Afeisha S Taitt
- Laboratory of Cytokine Immunology, Department of Biomedical Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jihyeong Hwang
- Laboratory of Cytokine Immunology, Department of Biomedical Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyunjhung Jhun
- Technical Assistance Center, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju, South Korea
| | - Ho-Young Park
- Research Group of Functional Food Materials, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju, South Korea
| | - Youngmin Lee
- Department of Medicine, Pusan Paik Hospital, Collage of Medicine, Inje University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Su Cheong Yeom
- Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang, South Korea
| | - Sang-Yeob Kim
- Convergence Medicine Research Center, Asan Institute for Life Science, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yong-Gil Kim
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Soohyun Kim
- Laboratory of Cytokine Immunology, Department of Biomedical Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
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Shin JI, Kim SE, Lee MH, Kim MS, Lee SW, Park S, Shin YH, Yang JW, Song JM, Moon SY, Kim SY, Park Y, Suh DI, Yang JM, Cho SH, Jin HY, Hong SH, Won HH, Kronbichler A, Koyanagi A, Jacob L, Hwang J, Tizaoui K, Lee KH, Kim JH, Yon DK, Smith L. COVID-19 susceptibility and clinical outcomes in autoimmune inflammatory rheumatic diseases (AIRDs): a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2022; 26:3760-3770. [PMID: 35647859 DOI: 10.26355/eurrev_202205_28873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This meta-analysis aims to assess the susceptibility to and clinical outcomes of COVID-19 in autoimmune inflammatory rheumatic disease (AIRD) and following AIRD drug use. MATERIALS AND METHODS We included observational and case-controlled studies assessing susceptibility and clinical outcomes of COVID-19 in patients with AIRD as well as the clinical outcomes of COVID-19 with or without use of steroids and conventional synthetic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (csDMARDs). RESULTS Meta-analysis including three studies showed that patients with AIRD are not more susceptible to COVID-19 compared to patients without AIRD or the general population (OR: 1.11, 95% CI: 0.58 to 2.14). Incidence of severe outcomes of COVID-19 (OR: 1.34, 95% CI: 0.76 to 2.35) and COVID-19 related death (OR: 1.21, 95% CI: 0.68 to 2.16) also did not show significant difference. The clinical outcomes of COVID-19 among AIRD patients with and without csDMARD or steroid showed that both use of steroid (OR: 1.69, 95% CI: 0.96 to 2.98) or csDMARD (OR: 1.35, 95% CI: 0.63 to 3.08) had no effect on clinical outcomes of COVID-19. CONCLUSIONS AIRD does not increase susceptibility to COVID-19, not affecting the clinical outcome of COVID-19. Similarly, the use of steroids or csDMARDs for AIRD does not worsen the clinical outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- J I Shin
- Department of Pediatrics, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Kim SY, Moon BY, Cho HG, Yu DS. Comparison of image-based quantification methods in evaluating fixation stability using a remote eye tracker in abnormal phoria. J Int Med Res 2022; 50:3000605221098183. [PMID: 35546441 PMCID: PMC9112722 DOI: 10.1177/03000605221098183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study was performed to establish a quantitative evaluation and comparison of fixation stability, as measured by an eye tracker, using image-based areas determined by the bivariate contour ellipse area (BCEA), kernel density estimation (KDE), and Scanpath methods. METHODS This prospective cross-sectional study included 45 and 20 participants with abnormal and normal phoria, respectively. Eye movements were recorded using a remote eye tracker and were plotted using RStudio software. Image-based areas were evaluated using ImageJ software. RESULTS The image-based areas used to evaluate fixation stability exhibited decreasing stability in the abnormal phoria group in the following order: KDE with ±1 standard deviation (SD), BCEA with ±1 SD, KDE with ±2 SD or Scanpath, and BCEA with ±2 SD. The BCEA tended to be overestimated, and the KDE tended to be underestimated at high density. The Scanpath method had a very high probability area because the area spans all gaze points. CONCLUSIONS Fixation stability could be quantified as image-based areas by the KDE, BCEA, and Scanpath methods. Our findings suggest that fixation stability may be evaluated using one or more methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Yeob Kim
- Department of Optometry, Kangwon National University, Samcheok, South Korea
| | - Byeong-Yeon Moon
- Department of Optometry, Kangwon National University, Samcheok, South Korea
| | - Hyun Gug Cho
- Department of Optometry, Kangwon National University, Samcheok, South Korea
| | - Dong-Sik Yu
- Department of Optometry, Kangwon National University, Samcheok, South Korea
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Ahn B, Jung JK, Jung H, Ryu YM, Kim YW, Song TJ, Park DH, Hwang DW, Cho H, Kim SY, Hong SM. Double Ki-67 and synaptophysin labeling in pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor biopsies. Pancreatology 2022; 22:427-434. [PMID: 35292233 DOI: 10.1016/j.pan.2022.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PanNETs) are frequently detected on endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration biopsy (EUS-FNAB) specimens. The conventional methods for evaluating the Ki-67 labeling index (Ki67LI) in EUS-FNAB specimens are laborious, and their results are difficult to interpret. More practical and easy methods for evaluating the Ki67LI in PanNETs from EUS-FNAB specimens is increasing in need. METHODS We used double Ki-67 and synaptophysin (double Ki-Syn) antibody cocktail; Ki67LI, total Ki-67 positive cells, and total tumor cells were counted and compared with those detected on conventional single Ki-67 immunostaining (single Ki-67) of 96 PanNETs [Grade 1 (G1), 68 cases (71%); G2, 26 (27%); G3, 2 (2%)] from EUS-FNAB specimens. RESULTS The tumor grading between double Ki-Syn and single Ki-67 immunolabeling was highly concordant (correlation, 0.95; Fisher's exact test, P < 0.001). Seven EUS-FNAB specimens (7%) had discrepant results, of which 2 were removed through surgical resection and showed the same tumor grade as that detected on double Ki-Syn immunolabeling. Fifty-four specimens (56%) had higher Ki-67 positive tumor cell counts on single Ki-67 immunolabeling. Sixty-two specimens (65%) had higher total tumor cell counts on double Ki-Syn immunolabeling. The number of specimens with less than 500 total counted tumor cells were significantly reduced when double Ki-Syn immunolabeling was applied [P = 0.046; single Ki-67, 17 specimens (18%); double Ki-Syn, 9 specimens (9%)]. CONCLUSION Double Ki-Syn immunolabeling enables the accurate counting of the number of proliferating tumor cells without including inflammatory and contaminant epithelial cells compared with single Ki-67 immunolabeling in PanNETs from EUS-FNAB specimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bokyung Ahn
- Department of Pathology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Kying Jung
- Department of Pathology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - HaeSung Jung
- Department of Statistics, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeon-Mi Ryu
- Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeon Wook Kim
- Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Jun Song
- Department of Gastroenterology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Do Hyun Park
- Department of Gastroenterology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Wook Hwang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - HyungJun Cho
- Department of Statistics, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Yeob Kim
- Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Convergence Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Mo Hong
- Department of Pathology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Kim SY, Moon BY, Cho HG, Yu DS. Quantitative Evaluation of the Association Between Fixation Stability and Phoria During Short-Term Binocular Viewing. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:721665. [PMID: 35368249 PMCID: PMC8965591 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.721665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Fixation stability for binocular anomalies with a phoria cannot be detected by direct observations. This study aimed to quantitatively evaluate fixation stability using an eye tracker rather than direct directions in binocular vision with abnormal and normal phorias. Methods Thirty-five and 25 participants with abnormal and normal phoria, respectively, were included in the study. The horizontal and vertical gaze points and convergence were recorded for 10 s using a remote eye tracker while binocularly viewing a target on a display screen 550 mm away. Fixation stability was quantified using bivariate contour ellipse areas (BCEA). Results The fixation stability for all participants-based evaluations as a single cluster in the abnormal phoria group was lower than that in the normal phoria group (p = 0.005). There was no difference between the two groups in the evaluation based on the BCEA for each participant-based evaluation (p = 0.66). Fixation stability was also more related to convergence for the abnormal phoria group than for the normal phoria group (r = 0.769, p < 0.001; r = 0.417, p = 0.038, respectively). Conclusion As the first study to evaluate fixation stability using an eye-tracker to differentiate between abnormal and normal phoria for non-strabismus, these findings may provide evidence for improving the evaluation of binocular vision not detected with clinical diagnostic tests.
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Hong SW, Lee S, Kim YJ, Ahn S, Park IJ, Hong SM, Hwang SW, Park SH, Yang DH, Ye BD, Byeon JS, Yang SK, Kim J, Kim SY, Myung SJ. Immune profile by multiplexed immunohistochemistry associated with recurrence after chemoradiation in rectal cancer. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2022; 37:542-550. [PMID: 34993983 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.15773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Evidence has emerged that a pretreatment immune profile in rectal cancer is associated with response to chemoradiotherapy (CRT) and recurrence after CRT. However, few studies have evaluated the immune profile differences after CRT regarding recurrence and nonrecurrence. METHODS We included patients with advanced rectal cancer treated with CRT and surgery with recurrence within 1 year in a recurrence group. After sex and age matching with the recurrence group, patients with no recurrence for 3 years after CRT were included in a nonrecurrence group. We extracted the immune profile, including CD3 and CD8, from the surgical specimen after CRT using multispectral fluorescence immunohistochemistry and compared the two groups. RESULTS The immune profiles of 65 patients with rectal cancer were assessed; 30 were included in the recurrence group and 35 were included in the nonrecurrence group. CD3+ and CD8+ T lymphocyte densities were significantly higher in the nonrecurrence group than in the recurrence group (CD3+ ; P < 0.001, CD8+ ; P = 0.003) in the primary tumor. Consistent results were found in epithelial and stromal cells. Compared with the recurrence group, the distinct profiles of co-expressed immune markers in the nonrecurrence group were revealed (CD3+ CD8+ , P = 0.001; CD3+ CD8+ PD-L1- , P = 0.001; CD3+ CD8+ FOXP3- PD-L1- , P = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Vigorous CD3+ and CD8+ T cell priming post-CRT was prominent in the nonrecurrence group compared with that of the recurrence group. This finding suggests that differences in immune profiles may have clinical significance even after CRT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Wook Hong
- Department of Gastroenterology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Digestive Diseases Research Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seohyun Lee
- Department of Gastroenterology, Center for Health Promotion, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yun Jae Kim
- Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Soyeon Ahn
- Department of Pathology, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Incheon, South Korea
| | - In Ja Park
- Department of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seung-Mo Hong
- Department of Pathology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sung Wook Hwang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sang Hyoung Park
- Department of Gastroenterology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Dong-Hoon Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Byong Duk Ye
- Department of Gastroenterology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Digestive Diseases Research Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jeong-Sik Byeon
- Department of Gastroenterology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Digestive Diseases Research Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Suk-Kyun Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jaeil Kim
- Health Screening and Promotion Center, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sang-Yeob Kim
- Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Convergence Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seung-Jae Myung
- Department of Gastroenterology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Digestive Diseases Research Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Convergence Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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Roh J, Yoon DH, Lee YK, Pak HK, Kim SY, Han JH, Park JS, Jeong SH, Choi YS, Cho H, Suh C, Huh J, Lee DH, Park CS. Significance of Single-cell Level Dual Expression of BCL2 and MYC Determined With Multiplex Immunohistochemistry in Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma. Am J Surg Pathol 2022; 46:289-299. [PMID: 34739417 DOI: 10.1097/pas.0000000000001830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is a fatal heterogenous neoplasm. Recent clinical trials have failed partly due to nebulous criteria for defining high-risk patients. Patients with double-expresser lymphoma (DEL) have a poor prognosis and are resistant to conventional treatment. However, many diagnostic and clinical controversies still surround DEL partly due to the arbitrariness of criteria for the diagnosis of DEL. In this study, we suggest a refined method for diagnosing DEL by evaluating the concurrent expression of BCL2 and MYC at the single-cell level (dual-protein-expressing lymphoma [DUEL]). For the proof of concept, a multiplex immunofluorescence assay for CD20, BCL2, and MYC was performed and quantitatively analyzed using spectral image analysis in patients. The analysis results and clinical applicability were verified by using dual-color immunohistochemistry performed on 353 independent multicenter patients who had been uniformly treated with standard therapy. DUEL showed significantly worse overall survival (OS) and event-free survival (EFS) (P=0.00011 and 0.00035, respectively). DUEL status remained an independent adverse prognostic variable with respect to the International Prognostic Index risk and the cell of origin. Moreover, the advantage of determining DUEL status by dual-color immunohistochemistry was shown by more robust classification and more homogeneous high-risk subgroup patient identification in both training (n=271) (OS: P<0.0001; EFS: P<0.0001) and validation sets (n=82) (OS: P=0.0087; EFS: P<0.0001). This concept of DUEL is more consistent with carcinogenesis and has greater practical utility, hence it may provide a better basis for both basic and clinical research for the development of new therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yoon Kyoung Lee
- Asan Institute for Life Science, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine
| | - Hyo-Kyung Pak
- Asan Institute for Life Science, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine
| | - Sang-Yeob Kim
- Department of Convergence Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Joon Seong Park
- Hematology-Oncology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon
| | | | - Yoon Seok Choi
- Hematology-Oncology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon
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Shim S, Lee S, Hisham Y, Kim S, Nguyen TT, Taitt AS, Hwang J, Jhun H, Park HY, Lee Y, Yeom SC, Kim SY, Kim YG, Kim S. Comparison of the Seven Interleukin-32 Isoforms’ Biological Activities: IL-32θ Possesses the Most Dominant Biological Activity. Front Immunol 2022; 13:837588. [PMID: 35281066 PMCID: PMC8914309 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.837588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytokines are significantly associated with the homeostasis of immune responses in health and disease. Interleukin-32 (IL-32) is a cytokine originally discovered in natural killer cell transcript 4. IL-32 with different disorders has been described in terms of pathogenesis and the progression of diseases. Clinical studies have investigated IL-32 under various conditions, such as viral infection, autoimmune diseases, inflammatory diseases, certain types of cancer, vascular disease, and pulmonary diseases. The high expression of IL-32 was identified in different tissues with various diseases and found to have multiple transcripts of up to seven isoforms. However, the purification and biological activities of these isoforms have not been investigated yet. Therefore, in this study, we purified and compared the biological activity of recombinant IL-32 (rIL-32) isoforms. This is the first time for seven rIL-32 isoforms (α, β, δ, γ, ϵ, ζ, and θ) to be cloned and purified using an Escherichia coli expression system. Next, we evaluate the biological activities of these seven rIL-32 isoforms, which were used to treat different types of cells by assessing the levels of inflammatory cytokine production. The results revealed that rIL-32θ possessed the most dominant biological activity in both immune and non-immune cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saerok Shim
- Laboratory of Cytokine Immunology, Department of Biomedical Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Siyoung Lee
- Laboratory of Cytokine Immunology, Department of Biomedical Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yasmin Hisham
- Laboratory of Cytokine Immunology, Department of Biomedical Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sinae Kim
- Laboratory of Cytokine Immunology, Department of Biomedical Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Tam T. Nguyen
- Laboratory of Cytokine Immunology, Department of Biomedical Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Afeisha S. Taitt
- Laboratory of Cytokine Immunology, Department of Biomedical Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jihyeong Hwang
- Laboratory of Cytokine Immunology, Department of Biomedical Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyunjhung Jhun
- Technical Assistance Center, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju, South Korea
| | - Ho-Young Park
- Research Group of Functional Food Materials, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju, South Korea
| | - Youngmin Lee
- Department of Medicine, Pusan Paik Hospital, Collage of Medicine, Inje University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Su Cheong Yeom
- Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang, South Korea
| | - Sang-Yeob Kim
- Convergence Medicine Research Center, Asan Institute for Life Science, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yong-Gil Kim
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Yong-Gil Kim, ; Soohyun Kim,
| | - Soohyun Kim
- Laboratory of Cytokine Immunology, Department of Biomedical Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Yong-Gil Kim, ; Soohyun Kim,
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Seo M, Kim Y, Ye BD, Park SH, Kim SY, Jung JH, Hwang SW, Chae SY, Lee DY, Lee SJ, Oh SJ, Kim J, Kim JY, Na SJ, Kim M, Kim SY, Koglin N, Stephens AW, Kweon MN, Moon DH. Positron emission tomography imaging of system xc - in immune cells for assessment of disease activity in mice and patients with inflammatory bowel disease. J Nucl Med 2022; 63:1586-1591. [PMID: 35086893 PMCID: PMC9536706 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.121.263289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We aimed to explore whether the imaging of antiporter system xC- of immune cells with (4S)-4-(3-[18F-fluoropropyl)-L-glutamate (18F-FSPG) positron emission tomography (PET) can assess inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) activity in murine models and patients (NCT03546868). Methods: 18F-FSPG PET imaging was performed to assess IBD activity in mice with dextran sulfate sodium-induced and adoptive T-cell transfer-induced IBD and a cohort of 20 patients at a tertiary care center in South Korea. Immunohistochemical analysis of system xC- and cell surface markers was also studied. Results: Mice with experimental IBD showed increased intestinal 18F-FSPG uptake and xCT expression in CD11c+, F4/80+, and CD3+ cells in the lamina propria, increases positively associated with clinical and pathological disease activity. 18F-FSPG PET studies in patients, most of whom were clinically in remission or had mildly active IBD, showed that PET imaging was sufficiently accurate in diagnosing endoscopically active IBD and remission in patients and bowel segments. 18F-FSPG PET correctly identified all nine patients with superficial or deep ulcers. Quantitative intestinal 18F-FSPG uptake was strongly associated with endoscopic indices of IBD activity. The number of CD68+xCT+ and CD3+xCT+ cells in 22 bowel segments from patients with ulcerative colitis and the number of CD68+xCT+ cells in seven bowel segments from patients with Crohn's disease showed a significant positive association with endoscopic indices of IBD activity. Conclusion: The assessment of system xC- in immune cells may provide diagnostic information on the immune responses responsible for chronic active inflammation in IBD. 18F-FSPG PET imaging of system xC- activity may noninvasively assess the IBD activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minjung Seo
- Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine
| | - Yeji Kim
- Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Korea, Republic of
| | - Byong Duk Ye
- Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Korea, Republic of
| | - Sang Hyoung Park
- Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Korea, Republic of
| | - Seog-Young Kim
- Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Korea, Republic of
| | - Jin Hwa Jung
- Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center
| | - Sung Wook Hwang
- Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Korea, Republic of
| | - Sun Young Chae
- Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Korea, Republic of
| | - Dong Yun Lee
- Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Korea, Republic of
| | - Sang Ju Lee
- Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Korea, Republic of
| | - Seung Jun Oh
- Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Korea, Republic of
| | - Jihun Kim
- Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Korea, Republic of
| | - Ji Young Kim
- Hanyang University Medical Center, Hanyang University College of Medicine
| | - Sae Jung Na
- Uijeongbu St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea
| | | | - Sang-Yeob Kim
- Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Korea, Republic of
| | | | | | - Mi-Na Kweon
- Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Korea, Republic of
| | - Dae Hyuk Moon
- Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Korea, Republic of
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Kim MS, Lim JH, Han MH, Kim SY, Kim YJ, Kim YJ. Multiplex Immunofluorescence Assay of Infiltrating Mononu-Clear Cell Subsets in Acute T-Cell-Mediated Rejection and BK Virus-Associated Nephropathy in the Allograft Kidney. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:diagnostics12020268. [PMID: 35204360 PMCID: PMC8870790 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12020268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Renal allograft biopsy is the gold standard procedure for diagnosis of kidney rejection via specific pathological changes. To provide a better assessment of immunologic events in acute T-cell-mediated rejection (acute TCMR) and BK virus-associated nephropathy (BKVAN) cases, we used multiplex immunofluorescence staining to identify infiltrating mononuclear cell subsets in the cortex area of transplanted kidneys. Antibodies to CD4, CD8, CD20, CD68, Foxp3, and cytokeratin were used. In cortical interstitium, CD8+ cells were significantly more prevalent in acute TCMR than BKVAN cases (34% vs. 22.8%, p = 0.034). In medulla, CD20+ cells were significantly more prevalent in BKVAN than acute TCMR cases (51.9% vs. 11.3%, p = 0.028).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mee-Seon Kim
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu 41944, Korea; (M.-S.K.); (M.-H.H.)
| | - Jeong-Hoon Lim
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu 41944, Korea;
| | - Man-Hoon Han
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu 41944, Korea; (M.-S.K.); (M.-H.H.)
| | - Sang-Yeob Kim
- Department of Convergence Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine and Asan Medical Center, Seoul 05505, Korea;
- Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, Seoul 05505, Korea;
| | - Yun Jae Kim
- Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, Seoul 05505, Korea;
| | - Yong-Jin Kim
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu 41944, Korea; (M.-S.K.); (M.-H.H.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-10-5041-7209
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Kim EJ, Cho YH, Kim DH, Ko DH, Do EJ, Kim SY, Kim YM, Jung JS, Kang Y, Ji W, Choi MG, Lee JC, Rho JK, Choi CM. A Phase I/IIa Randomized Trial Evaluating the Safety and Efficacy of SNK01 Plus Pembrolizumab in Patients with Stage IV Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Cancer Res Treat 2021; 54:1005-1016. [PMID: 34856706 PMCID: PMC9582480 DOI: 10.4143/crt.2021.986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The aim of this study is to evaluate the safety and efficacy of ex vivo activated and expanded natural killer (NK) cell therapy (SNK01) plus pembrolizumab in a randomized phase I/IIa clinical trial. Materials and Methods Overall, 18 patients with advanced non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and a programmed death ligand 1 tumor proportion score of 1% or greater who had a history of failed frontline platinum-based therapy were randomized (2:1) to receive pembrolizumab every 3 weeks +/− 6 weekly infusions of SNK01 at either 2×109 or 4×109 cells per infusion (pembrolizumab monotherapy vs. SNK01 combination). The primary endpoint was safety, whereas the secondary endpoints were the objective response rate (ORR), progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival, and quality of life. Results Since no dose-limiting toxicity was observed, the maximum tolerated dose was determined as SNK01 4×109 cells/dose. The safety data did not show any new safety signals when SNK01 was combined with pembrolizumab. The ORR and the 1-year survival rate in the NK combination group were higher than those in patients who underwent pembrolizumab monotherapy (ORR, 41.7% vs. 0%; 1-year survival rate, 66.7% vs. 50.0%). Furthermore, the median PFS was higher in the SNK01 combination group (6.2 months vs. 1.6 months, p=0.001). Conclusion Based on the findings of this study, the NK cell combination therapy may consider as a safe treatment method for stage IV NSCLC patients who had a history of failed platinum-based therapy without an increase in adverse events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eo Jin Kim
- Department of Oncology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yong-Hee Cho
- Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Data Convergence Drug Research Center, Therapeutics and Biotechnology Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Daejeon, Korea
| | - Dong Ha Kim
- Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dae-Hyun Ko
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eun-Ju Do
- Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang-Yeob Kim
- Department of Convergence Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | | | | | | | - Wonjun Ji
- Department of Pulmonology and Critical Care Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Myeong Geun Choi
- Department of Pulmonology and Critical Care Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae Cheol Lee
- Department of Oncology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jin Kyung Rho
- Department of Convergence Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chang Min Choi
- Department of Oncology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Pulmonology and Critical Care Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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40
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Jung JY, Ryu HJ, Lee SH, Kim DY, Kim MJ, Lee EJ, Ryu YM, Kim SY, Kim KP, Choi EY, Ahn HJ, Chang S. siRNA Nanoparticle Targeting PD-L1 Activates Tumor Immunity and Abrogates Pancreatic Cancer Growth in Humanized Preclinical Model. Cells 2021; 10:2734. [PMID: 34685714 PMCID: PMC8534711 DOI: 10.3390/cells10102734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is characterized by late detection, frequent drug resistance, and a highly metastatic nature, leading to poor prognosis. Antibody-based immunotherapy showed limited success for pancreatic cancer, partly owing to the low delivery rate of the drug into the tumor. Herein, we describe a poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid;PLGA)-based siRNA nanoparticle targeting PD-L1 (siPD-L1@PLGA). The siPD-L1@PLGA exhibited efficient knockdown of PD-L1 in cancer cells, without affecting the cell viability up to 6 mg/mL. Further, 99.2% of PDAC cells uptake the nanoparticle and successfully blocked the IFN-gamma-mediated PD-L1 induction. Consistently, the siPD-L1@PLGA sensitized cancer cells to antigen-specific immune cells, as exemplified by Ovalbumin-targeting T cells. To evaluate its efficacy in vivo, we adopted a pancreatic PDX model in humanized mice, generated by grafting CD34+ hematopoeitic stem cells onto NSG mice. The siPD-L1@PLGA significantly suppressed pancreatic tumor growth in this model with upregulated IFN-gamma positive CD8 T cells, leading to more apoptotic tumor cells. Multiplex immunofluorescence analysis exhibited comparable immune cell compositions in control and siPD-L1@PLGA-treated tumors. However, we found higher Granzyme B expression in the siPD-L1@PLGA-treated tumors, suggesting higher activity of NK or cytotoxic T cells. Based on these results, we propose the application of siPD-L1@PLGA as an immunotherapeutic agent for pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Yun Jung
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Korea; (J.Y.J.); (H.J.R.); (S.-H.L.); (D.-Y.K.); (M.J.K.); (E.J.L.)
| | - Hyun Jin Ryu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Korea; (J.Y.J.); (H.J.R.); (S.-H.L.); (D.-Y.K.); (M.J.K.); (E.J.L.)
| | - Seung-Hwan Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Korea; (J.Y.J.); (H.J.R.); (S.-H.L.); (D.-Y.K.); (M.J.K.); (E.J.L.)
| | - Dong-Young Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Korea; (J.Y.J.); (H.J.R.); (S.-H.L.); (D.-Y.K.); (M.J.K.); (E.J.L.)
| | - Myung Ji Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Korea; (J.Y.J.); (H.J.R.); (S.-H.L.); (D.-Y.K.); (M.J.K.); (E.J.L.)
| | - Eun Ji Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Korea; (J.Y.J.); (H.J.R.); (S.-H.L.); (D.-Y.K.); (M.J.K.); (E.J.L.)
| | - Yeon-Mi Ryu
- Asan Medical Center, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Seoul 05505, Korea; (Y.-M.R.); (S.-Y.K.)
| | - Sang-Yeob Kim
- Asan Medical Center, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Seoul 05505, Korea; (Y.-M.R.); (S.-Y.K.)
| | - Kyu-Pyo Kim
- Asan Medical Center, Department of Oncology, Seoul 05505, Korea;
| | - Eun Young Choi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Korea; (J.Y.J.); (H.J.R.); (S.-H.L.); (D.-Y.K.); (M.J.K.); (E.J.L.)
| | - Hyung Jun Ahn
- Center for Theragnosis, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 05505, Korea
| | - Suhwan Chang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Korea; (J.Y.J.); (H.J.R.); (S.-H.L.); (D.-Y.K.); (M.J.K.); (E.J.L.)
- Department of Physiology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Korea
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Oh KK, Moon BY, Cho HG, Kim SY, Yu DS. The effect of uncorrected ametropia on ocular torsion induced by changes in fixation. PeerJ 2021; 9:e11932. [PMID: 34430086 PMCID: PMC8349166 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.11932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Objective Ocular torsion, the eye movements to rotating around the line of sight, has not been well investigated regarding the influence of refractive errors. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of uncorrected ametropia on ocular torsion induced by fixation distances. Methods Seventy-two subjects were classified according to the type of their refractive error, and ocular torsion of the uncorrected eye was compared based on changes induced by different fixation distances. Ocular torsion was measured using a slit-lamp biomicroscope equipped with an ophthalmic camera and a half-silvered mirror. Results In all groups, excyclotorsion values increased as the fixation distance decreased, but the myopia and astigmatism groups had larger amounts of ocular torsion than the emmetropia group. In addition, as the amount of uncorrected myopia and astigmatism increased, the amount of ocular torsion increased. Conclusion Since the amount of ocular torsion caused by a change to a shorter fixation distance was larger when the refractive error was uncorrected, we suggest that ametropia should be fully corrected in patients frequently exposed to ocular torsion due to changes in fixation distance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwang-Keun Oh
- Department of Optometry, Kangwon National University, Samcheok, Gangwondo, Republic of Korea
| | - Byeong-Yeon Moon
- Department of Optometry, Kangwon National University, Samcheok, Gangwondo, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Gug Cho
- Department of Optometry, Kangwon National University, Samcheok, Gangwondo, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Yeob Kim
- Department of Optometry, Kangwon National University, Samcheok, Gangwondo, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Sik Yu
- Department of Optometry, Kangwon National University, Samcheok, Gangwondo, Republic of Korea
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42
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Lee J, Kim B, Park B, Won Y, Kim SY, Lee S. Real-time cancer diagnosis of breast cancer using fluorescence lifetime endoscopy based on the pH. Sci Rep 2021; 11:16864. [PMID: 34413447 PMCID: PMC8376886 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-96531-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
A biopsy is often performed for the diagnosis of cancer during a surgical operation. In addition, pathological biopsy is required to discriminate the margin between cancer tissues and normal tissues in surgical specimens. In this study, we presented a novel method for discriminating between tumor and normal tissues using fluorescence lifetime endoscopy (FLE). We demonstrated the relationship between the fluorescence lifetime and pH in fluorescein using the proposed fluorescence lifetime measurement system. We also showed that cancer could be diagnosed based on this relationship by assessing differences in pH based fluorescence lifetime between cancer and normal tissues using two different types of tumor such as breast tumors (MDA-MB-361) and skin tumors (A375), where cancer tissues have ranged in pH from 4.5 to 7.0 and normal tissues have ranged in pH from 7.0 to 7.4. To support this approach, we performed hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining test of normal and cancer tissues within a certain area. From these results, we showed the ability to diagnose a cancer using FLE technique, which were consistent with the diagnosis of a cancer with H&E staining test. In summary, the proposed pH-based FLE technique could provide a real time, in vivo, and in-situ clinical diagnostic method for the cancer surgical and could be presented as an alternative to biopsy procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jooran Lee
- Medical Device Development Center, Osong Medical Innovation Foundation, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 28160, South Korea
| | - Byungyeon Kim
- Medical Device Development Center, Osong Medical Innovation Foundation, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 28160, South Korea
| | - Byungjun Park
- Medical Device Development Center, Osong Medical Innovation Foundation, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 28160, South Korea
| | - Youngjae Won
- Medical Device Development Center, Osong Medical Innovation Foundation, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 28160, South Korea
- Intek-Medi, 123, Osongsaengmyeong-ro, Osong-eup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do, South Korea
| | - Sang-Yeob Kim
- Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88 Olympic-ro, 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 138-736, South Korea
| | - Seungrag Lee
- Medical Device Development Center, Osong Medical Innovation Foundation, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 28160, South Korea.
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Kim SY, Cho EA, Bae SM, Kim SY, Park DH. The effect of a newly developed mini-light-emitting diode catheter for interstitial photodynamic therapy in pancreatic cancer xenografts. J Transl Med 2021; 19:248. [PMID: 34098978 PMCID: PMC8183063 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-021-02900-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- So-Young Kim
- Asan Medical Center, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eun A Cho
- Department of Medical Science, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang Mun Bae
- Asan Medical Center, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88, Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05505, Korea
| | - Sang-Yeob Kim
- Department of Medical Science, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
| | - Do Hyun Park
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88, Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05505, Korea.
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Kim HD, Jeong S, Park S, Lee YJ, Ju YS, Kim D, Song GW, Lee JH, Kim SY, Shin J, Shin EC, Hwang S, Yoo C, Park SH. Implication of CD69 + CD103 + tissue-resident-like CD8 + T cells as a potential immunotherapeutic target for cholangiocarcinoma. Liver Int 2021; 41:764-776. [PMID: 33548061 DOI: 10.1111/liv.14814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The heterogeneous immune landscapes of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) remain largely unknown. Here we aimed to investigate the implications of tissue-resident memory (TRM)-related features of tumour-infiltrating CD8+ T cells (CD8+ TILs) from ICC patients. METHODS From ICC patients, we obtained blood samples and ICC surgical specimens (n = 33). We performed multicolour flow cytometry, multiplexed immunohistochemistry and RNA sequencing. RESULTS When compared to peripheral CD8+ T cells, the CD8+ TILs included significantly higher proportions of the CD69+ CD103- and CD69+ CD103+ TRM-like subsets (P < .001 for both). Relative to CD69- and CD69+ CD103- cells, the CD69+ CD103+ CD8+ TILs harboured higher levels of T-cell markers representing tumour specificity (ie CD39), proliferation (ie Ki-67) and T-cell activation (ie HLA-DR and CD38) (all P < .001). Moreover, compared to the stroma, the tumour margin and core density each had a significantly higher density of CD103+ CD8+ TILs (P < .001 for both). ICCs with high proportions of CD69+ CD103+ cells displayed higher levels of parameters associated with response to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs)-including number of CD8+ TIL infiltrates (P = .019), PD-L1 expression in the tumour (P = .046) and expression of the T cell-inflamed gene signature (P < .001). ICCs with lower proportions of CD69+ CD103+ CD8+ TILs exhibited significant enrichment of genes related to the Wnt/β-catenin (P < .001) and TGF-β pathways (P = .002). CONCLUSION CD69+ CD103+ TRM-like CD8+ TILs represent prominent tumour-specific immune responses and hold promise as a potential therapeutic target in ICC patients. Differential TRM-related features of ICCs may help develop future immunotherapeutic strategies such as maximizing TRM responses or inhibiting pathways contributing to immune evasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyung-Don Kim
- Department of Oncology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Seongju Jeong
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Seongyeol Park
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Joon Lee
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Seok Ju
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Danbee Kim
- Department of Oncology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Gi-Won Song
- Department of Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Hoon Lee
- Department of Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Yeob Kim
- Department of Convergence Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaehoon Shin
- Department of Convergence Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eui-Cheol Shin
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Shin Hwang
- Department of Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Changhoon Yoo
- Department of Oncology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Hyung Park
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
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Abstract
Objective To compare the ocular counter-roll (OCR) measured using iris images during binocular fixation and head tilt with OCR measured via fundus photography. Methods Fifty-three healthy college students participated in this study. The mean OCR was measured by collection of iris images and fundus images under seven head tilt conditions (0 degrees; 10, 20, and 30 degrees right; and 10, 20, and 30 degrees left). Three iris images (crossed pupil center, pupil center, and pupil periphery) were taken using a slit-lamp biomicroscope with an ophthalmic camera and a half-silvered mirror; fundus images were collected via fundus photography. The mean OCR values were compared between images taken with each method. Results No iris images or head tilt conditions revealed any significant differences in mean OCR comparison with fundus images. The mean difference in OCR was smallest, and the correlation was greatest, between the crossed pupil center and fundus images. Conclusion A half-silvered mirror and iris images can replace fundus photography for the measurement of OCR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwang-Keun Oh
- Department of Optometry, Kangwon National University, Samcheok, South Korea
| | - Byeong-Yeon Moon
- Department of Optometry, Kangwon National University, Samcheok, South Korea
| | - Hyun Gug Cho
- Department of Optometry, Kangwon National University, Samcheok, South Korea
| | - Sang-Yeob Kim
- Department of Optometry, Kangwon National University, Samcheok, South Korea
| | - Dong-Sik Yu
- Department of Optometry, Kangwon National University, Samcheok, South Korea
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Kim TM, Cho JY, Kim SY, Kim SH. Diagnostic accuracy of the jetting sign and a dilatation ratio of left renal vein in CT urography for detecting anterior nutcracker syndrome. Clin Radiol 2021; 76:510-518. [PMID: 33736881 DOI: 10.1016/j.crad.2021.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIM To investigate the diagnostic value of computed tomography (CT) urography findings of anterior nutcracker syndrome (NCS). MATERIALS AND METHODS The study included patients with left renal vein (LRV) compression at the aortomesenteric portion at CT urography who underwent renal venography or cystoscopy. Patients with a renocaval pressure gradient of ≥3 mmHg on renal venography or bloody urine jetting from the left ureteral orifice on cystoscopy were defined as the NCS group; the remaining patients comprised the non-NCS group. CT findings were analysed using the jetting of contrast medium flow from the LRV to the inferior vena cava (jetting sign), aortomesenteric distance, presence of collateral veins, and a dilatation ratio of LRV diameter at the aortomesenteric portion (arterial phase/delayed phases). Clinical findings, including age, gender, and body-mass-index, were also analysed. CT features and clinical findings were compared between the NCS and non-NCS groups. Diagnostic performance of CT parameters was assessed using receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. RESULTS A total of 70 patients (21 men, mean age 44.4 ± 17.2 years) with NCS (n=13) and non-NCS (n=57) were included. Younger age (<40 years), presence of the jetting sign, and a lower dilatation ratio of LRV diameter between the arterial and delayed phases (<1.7) were found to be significant independent factors for predicting the NCS group (OR 24.5, 18.9, 19.4, respectively, p<0.05 for all). The combination of the presence of the jetting sign and a dilatation ratio of LRV diameter of <1.7 obtained the highest AUC of 0.88. CONCLUSION The jetting sign and the dilatation ratio of LRV diameter between the arterial and delayed phases can both be very useful in the diagnosis of anterior nutcracker syndrome during CT urography.
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Affiliation(s)
- T M Kim
- Department of Radiology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea; Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - J Y Cho
- Department of Radiology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea; Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea; Institute of Radiation Medicine and Kidney Research Institute, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.
| | - S Y Kim
- Department of Radiology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea; Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - S H Kim
- Department of Radiology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea; Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea; Institute of Radiation Medicine and Kidney Research Institute, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
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47
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Ku BM, Kim Y, Lee KY, Kim SY, Sun JM, Lee SH, Ahn JS, Park K, Ahn MJ. Tumor infiltrated immune cell types support distinct immune checkpoint inhibitor outcomes in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer. Eur J Immunol 2021; 51:956-964. [PMID: 33506525 PMCID: PMC8248238 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202048966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The evaluation of PD‐L1 expression alone has limitations in predicting clinical outcome in immune‐checkpoint inhibitors (ICI). This study aimed to evaluate the predictive and prognostic effects of the presence of various immune cells in pretreatment tissue samples and to identify determinants associated with response in patients with advanced non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treated with PD‐1 blockade. Immune cell distribution was heterogeneous and the most dominant immune cell type was T cells. Patients with durable clinical benefit (DCB) showed significantly higher PD‐L1 expression. The ratio of tumor/stroma region of T cell, B cell, and macrophage was significantly higher in patient with DCB. High intratumoral T‐ and B‐cell density (≥median) was associated with DCB in the low PD‐L1 expression (<50%) group. In univariate analyses, the overall survival (OS) benefit was shown according to intratumoral B‐cell density (p = 0.0337). The incidence of hyperprogressive disease (HPD) was 13.0%. The Chi‐square test revealed that HPD was significantly associated with intratumoral B‐cell density but not T‐cell or macrophage density. Our results demonstrate different predictive and prognostic values for infiltrating immune cells in tumor tissue, which may help in selecting patients for ICI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Mi Ku
- Research Institute for Future Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Youjin Kim
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Changwon Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Changwon, Korea
| | - Kyoung Young Lee
- Research Institute for Future Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang-Yeob Kim
- Department of Convergence Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine and Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea.,Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jong-Mu Sun
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Changwon Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Changwon, Korea
| | - Se-Hoon Lee
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Changwon Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Changwon, Korea
| | - Jin Seok Ahn
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Changwon Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Changwon, Korea
| | - Keunchil Park
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Changwon Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Changwon, Korea
| | - Myung-Ju Ahn
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Changwon Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Changwon, Korea
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Jang HD, Lee SE, Yang J, Lee HC, Shin D, Lee H, Lee J, Jin S, Kim S, Lee SJ, You J, Park HW, Nam KY, Lee SH, Park SW, Kim JS, Kim SY, Kwon YW, Kwak SH, Yang HM, Kim HS. Cyclase-associated protein 1 is a binding partner of proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type-9 and is required for the degradation of low-density lipoprotein receptors by proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type-9. Eur Heart J 2021; 41:239-252. [PMID: 31419281 PMCID: PMC6945527 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehz566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Aims Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type-9 (PCSK9), a molecular determinant of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor (LDLR) fate, has emerged as a promising therapeutic target for atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases. However, the precise mechanism by which PCSK9 regulates the internalization and lysosomal degradation of LDLR is unknown. Recently, we identified adenylyl cyclase-associated protein 1 (CAP1) as a receptor for human resistin whose globular C-terminus is structurally similar to the C-terminal cysteine-rich domain (CRD) of PCSK9. Herein, we investigated the role of CAP1 in PCSK9-mediated lysosomal degradation of LDLR and plasma LDL cholesterol (LDL-C) levels. Methods and results The direct binding between PCSK9 and CAP1 was confirmed by immunoprecipitation assay, far-western blot, biomolecular fluorescence complementation, and surface plasmon resonance assay. Fine mapping revealed that the CRD of PCSK9 binds with the Src homology 3 binding domain (SH3BD) of CAP1. Two loss-of-function polymorphisms found in human PCSK9 (S668R and G670E in CRD) were attributed to a defective interaction with CAP1. siRNA against CAP1 reduced the PCSK9-mediated degradation of LDLR in vitro. We generated CAP1 knock-out mice and found that the viable heterozygous CAP1 knock-out mice had higher protein levels of LDLR and lower LDL-C levels in the liver and plasma, respectively, than the control mice. Mechanistic analysis revealed that PCSK9-induced endocytosis and lysosomal degradation of LDLR were mediated by caveolin but not by clathrin, and they were dependent on binding between CAP1 and caveolin-1. Conclusion We identified CAP1 as a new binding partner of PCSK9 and a key mediator of caveolae-dependent endocytosis and lysosomal degradation of LDLR. ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Duk Jang
- National Leading Laboratory for Stem Cell Research, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 71, Daehak-Ro, Jongno-Gu, Seoul 03082, Korea.,Korea Research-Driven Hospital, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, 71, Daehak-ro, Jongro-gu, Seoul 03082, Korea.,Strategic Center of Cell & Bio Therapy, Seoul National University Hospital, 71, Daehak-ro, Jongro-gu, Seoul 03082, Korea
| | - Sang Eun Lee
- Department of Cardiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88, Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul 05505, Korea
| | - Jimin Yang
- National Leading Laboratory for Stem Cell Research, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 71, Daehak-Ro, Jongno-Gu, Seoul 03082, Korea.,Korea Research-Driven Hospital, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, 71, Daehak-ro, Jongro-gu, Seoul 03082, Korea.,Strategic Center of Cell & Bio Therapy, Seoul National University Hospital, 71, Daehak-ro, Jongro-gu, Seoul 03082, Korea.,Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, World Class University Program, Seoul National University, Seoul 03082, Korea
| | - Hyun-Chae Lee
- National Leading Laboratory for Stem Cell Research, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 71, Daehak-Ro, Jongno-Gu, Seoul 03082, Korea.,Korea Research-Driven Hospital, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, 71, Daehak-ro, Jongro-gu, Seoul 03082, Korea.,Strategic Center of Cell & Bio Therapy, Seoul National University Hospital, 71, Daehak-ro, Jongro-gu, Seoul 03082, Korea.,Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, World Class University Program, Seoul National University, Seoul 03082, Korea
| | - Dasom Shin
- National Leading Laboratory for Stem Cell Research, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 71, Daehak-Ro, Jongno-Gu, Seoul 03082, Korea.,Korea Research-Driven Hospital, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, 71, Daehak-ro, Jongro-gu, Seoul 03082, Korea.,Strategic Center of Cell & Bio Therapy, Seoul National University Hospital, 71, Daehak-ro, Jongro-gu, Seoul 03082, Korea.,Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, World Class University Program, Seoul National University, Seoul 03082, Korea
| | - Hwan Lee
- National Leading Laboratory for Stem Cell Research, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 71, Daehak-Ro, Jongno-Gu, Seoul 03082, Korea.,Korea Research-Driven Hospital, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, 71, Daehak-ro, Jongro-gu, Seoul 03082, Korea.,Strategic Center of Cell & Bio Therapy, Seoul National University Hospital, 71, Daehak-ro, Jongro-gu, Seoul 03082, Korea.,Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, World Class University Program, Seoul National University, Seoul 03082, Korea
| | - Jaewon Lee
- National Leading Laboratory for Stem Cell Research, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 71, Daehak-Ro, Jongno-Gu, Seoul 03082, Korea.,Korea Research-Driven Hospital, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, 71, Daehak-ro, Jongro-gu, Seoul 03082, Korea.,Strategic Center of Cell & Bio Therapy, Seoul National University Hospital, 71, Daehak-ro, Jongro-gu, Seoul 03082, Korea
| | - Sooryeonhwa Jin
- National Leading Laboratory for Stem Cell Research, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 71, Daehak-Ro, Jongno-Gu, Seoul 03082, Korea.,Korea Research-Driven Hospital, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, 71, Daehak-ro, Jongro-gu, Seoul 03082, Korea.,Strategic Center of Cell & Bio Therapy, Seoul National University Hospital, 71, Daehak-ro, Jongro-gu, Seoul 03082, Korea.,Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, World Class University Program, Seoul National University, Seoul 03082, Korea
| | - Soungchan Kim
- National Leading Laboratory for Stem Cell Research, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 71, Daehak-Ro, Jongno-Gu, Seoul 03082, Korea.,Korea Research-Driven Hospital, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, 71, Daehak-ro, Jongro-gu, Seoul 03082, Korea.,Strategic Center of Cell & Bio Therapy, Seoul National University Hospital, 71, Daehak-ro, Jongro-gu, Seoul 03082, Korea.,Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, World Class University Program, Seoul National University, Seoul 03082, Korea
| | - Seung Ji Lee
- National Leading Laboratory for Stem Cell Research, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 71, Daehak-Ro, Jongno-Gu, Seoul 03082, Korea.,Korea Research-Driven Hospital, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, 71, Daehak-ro, Jongro-gu, Seoul 03082, Korea.,Strategic Center of Cell & Bio Therapy, Seoul National University Hospital, 71, Daehak-ro, Jongro-gu, Seoul 03082, Korea.,Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, World Class University Program, Seoul National University, Seoul 03082, Korea
| | - Jihye You
- National Leading Laboratory for Stem Cell Research, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 71, Daehak-Ro, Jongno-Gu, Seoul 03082, Korea.,Korea Research-Driven Hospital, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, 71, Daehak-ro, Jongro-gu, Seoul 03082, Korea.,Strategic Center of Cell & Bio Therapy, Seoul National University Hospital, 71, Daehak-ro, Jongro-gu, Seoul 03082, Korea.,Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, World Class University Program, Seoul National University, Seoul 03082, Korea
| | - Hyun-Woo Park
- National Leading Laboratory for Stem Cell Research, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 71, Daehak-Ro, Jongno-Gu, Seoul 03082, Korea.,Korea Research-Driven Hospital, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, 71, Daehak-ro, Jongro-gu, Seoul 03082, Korea.,Strategic Center of Cell & Bio Therapy, Seoul National University Hospital, 71, Daehak-ro, Jongro-gu, Seoul 03082, Korea
| | - Ky-Youb Nam
- Bio AI Research Center, Pharos I&BT Co., Ltd., Anyang-si, Gyeonggi-do 14059, Korea
| | - Sang-Hak Lee
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 134 Shinchon-Dong, Seodaemun-Gu, Seoul 120752, Korea
| | - Sahng Wook Park
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 120752, Korea
| | - Jin-Soo Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 120752, Korea
| | - Sang-Yeob Kim
- Department of Convergence Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine and Asan Medical Center, 88, Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul 05505, Korea
| | - Yoo-Wook Kwon
- National Leading Laboratory for Stem Cell Research, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 71, Daehak-Ro, Jongno-Gu, Seoul 03082, Korea.,Korea Research-Driven Hospital, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, 71, Daehak-ro, Jongro-gu, Seoul 03082, Korea.,Strategic Center of Cell & Bio Therapy, Seoul National University Hospital, 71, Daehak-ro, Jongro-gu, Seoul 03082, Korea
| | - Soo Heon Kwak
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, 101, Daehak-Ro Jongno-Gu, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Han-Mo Yang
- National Leading Laboratory for Stem Cell Research, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 71, Daehak-Ro, Jongno-Gu, Seoul 03082, Korea.,Korea Research-Driven Hospital, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, 71, Daehak-ro, Jongro-gu, Seoul 03082, Korea.,Strategic Center of Cell & Bio Therapy, Seoul National University Hospital, 71, Daehak-ro, Jongro-gu, Seoul 03082, Korea.,Cardiovascular Center & Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, 101, Daehak-Ro Jongno-Gu, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Hyo-Soo Kim
- National Leading Laboratory for Stem Cell Research, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 71, Daehak-Ro, Jongno-Gu, Seoul 03082, Korea.,Korea Research-Driven Hospital, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, 71, Daehak-ro, Jongro-gu, Seoul 03082, Korea.,Strategic Center of Cell & Bio Therapy, Seoul National University Hospital, 71, Daehak-ro, Jongro-gu, Seoul 03082, Korea.,Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, World Class University Program, Seoul National University, Seoul 03082, Korea.,Cardiovascular Center & Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, 101, Daehak-Ro Jongno-Gu, Seoul 03080, Korea
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Kim SR, Chun SH, Kim JR, Kim SY, Seo JY, Jung CK, Gil BM, Kim JO, Ko YH, Woo IS, Shim BY, Hong SH, Kang JH. The implications of clinical risk factors, CAR index, and compositional changes of immune cells on hyperprogressive disease in non-small cell lung cancer patients receiving immunotherapy. BMC Cancer 2021; 21:19. [PMID: 33402127 PMCID: PMC7786505 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-020-07727-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Immune checkpoint blockades (ICBs) are characterized by a durable clinical response and better tolerability in patients with a variety of advanced solid tumors. However, we not infrequently encounter patients with hyperprogressive disease (HPD) exhibiting paradoxically accelerated tumor growth with poor clinical outcomes. This study aimed to investigate implications of clinical factors and immune cell composition on different tumor responses to immunotherapy in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods This study evaluated 231 NSCLC patients receiving ICBs between January 2014 and May 2018. HPD was defined as a > 2-fold tumor growth kinetics ratio during ICB therapy and time-to-treatment failure of ≤2 months. We analyzed clinical data, imaging studies, periodic serologic indexes, and immune cell compositions in tumors and stromata using multiplex immunohistochemistry. Results Of 231 NSCLC patients, PR/CR and SD were observed in 50 (21.6%) and 79 (34.2%) patients, respectively and 26 (11.3%) patients met the criteria for HPD. Median overall survival in poor response groups (HPD and non-HPD PD) was extremely shorter than disease-controlled group (SD and PR/CR) (5.5 and 6.1 months vs. 16.2 and 18.3 months, respectively, P = 0.000). In multivariate analysis, HPD were significantly associated with heavy smoker (p = 0.0072), PD-L1 expression ≤1% (p = 0.0355), and number of metastatic site ≥3 (p = 0.0297). Among the serologic indexes including NLR, PLR, CAR, and LDH, only CAR had constantly significant correlations with HPD at the beginning of prior treatment and immunotherapy, and at the 1st tumor assessment. The number of CD4+ effector T cells and CD8+ cytotoxic T cells, and CD8+/PD-1+ tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) tended to be smaller, especially in stromata of HPD group. More M2-type macrophages expressing CD14, CD68 and CD163 in the stromal area and markedly fewer CD56+ NK cells in the intratumoral area were observed in HPD group. Conclusions Our study suggests that not only clinical factors including heavy smoker, very low PD-L1 expression, multiple metastasis, and CAR index, but also fewer CD8+/PD-1+ TIL and more M2 macrophages in the tumor microenvironment are significantly associated with the occurrence of HPD in the patients with advanced/metastatic NSCLC receiving immunotherapy. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12885-020-07727-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seo Ree Kim
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Bucheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Hoon Chun
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Bucheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo Ri Kim
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222, Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Yeob Kim
- Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Convergence Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Young Seo
- Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Convergence Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan Kwon Jung
- Department of Hospital Pathology, College of Medicine, the Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Bo-Mi Gil
- Department of Radiology, Bucheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Oh Kim
- Cancer Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Ho Ko
- Cancer Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Uijeongbu St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - In Sook Woo
- Cancer Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yeouido St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Byoung Yong Shim
- Cancer Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Vincent's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sook-Hee Hong
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222, Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea.,Cancer Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Laboratory of Medical Oncology, Cancer Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Hyoung Kang
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222, Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea. .,Cancer Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea. .,Laboratory of Medical Oncology, Cancer Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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50
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Ahn J, Jin M, Song E, Ryu YM, Song DE, Kim SY, Kim TY, Kim WB, Shong YK, Jeon MJ, Kim WG. Immune Profiling of Advanced Thyroid Cancers Using Fluorescent Multiplex Immunohistochemistry. Thyroid 2021; 31:61-67. [PMID: 32611231 DOI: 10.1089/thy.2020.0312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Background: Advanced thyroid cancers, including differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC) with distant metastasis, and anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC), are associated with poor clinical outcomes and limited treatment options. This study aimed to determine the immune profiles of advanced thyroid cancers using fluorescent multiplex immunohistochemistry (F-MIHC) and multispectral imaging (MSI). Methods: Twenty-eight tissue samples were collected from 12 patients who had DTC with distant metastasis and from 16 with ATC. The samples were assessed using F-MIHC and MSI with antibodies against the cell surface molecules, cluster of differentiation (CD)4, CD8, programmed cell death-1 (PD-1), PD ligand 1 (PD-L1), forkhead box protein 3, and cytokeratin (CK). The expression of PD-L1 was evaluated using tumor proportion score (TPS) and combined positive score (CPS). Results: Significantly, more PD-L1-positive tumor cells (CK+PD-L1+) per mm2 were found in ATC samples than in DTC samples (183.5 vs. 0.03, p < 0.001). Lymphocyte infiltration was significantly increased in ATC compared with DTC, with significantly more PD-L1- or PD-1-positive lymphocytes in ATC samples than in DTC samples. The TPS and CPS for PD-L1 expression were negative in all DTC samples but positive in 81% and 94% of ATC samples, respectively. Conclusions: Immune profiling revealed significant differences between advanced DTC and ATC, particularly in terms of PD-L1 expression and lymphocyte infiltration. Therefore, immune profiling using F-MIHC and MSI can provide invaluable information regarding tumor microenvironments, which could help select candidates for immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonghwa Ahn
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Meihua Jin
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eyun Song
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine and School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yeon-Mi Ryu
- Asan Institute for Life Sciences, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dong Eun Song
- Department of Pathology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang-Yeob Kim
- Asan Institute for Life Sciences, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Convergence Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Tae Yong Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Won Bae Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young Kee Shong
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Min Ji Jeon
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Won Gu Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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