1
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Gary EN, Tursi NJ, Warner B, Parzych EM, Ali AR, Frase D, Moffat E, Embury-Hyatt C, Smith TRF, Broderick KE, Humeau L, Kobasa D, Patel A, Kulp DW, Weiner DB. Mucosal chemokine adjuvant enhances synDNA vaccine-mediated responses to SARS-CoV-2 and provides heterologous protection in vivo. Cell Rep Med 2022; 3:100693. [PMID: 35839767 PMCID: PMC9237025 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2022.100693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The global coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has claimed more than 5 million lives. Emerging variants of concern (VOCs) continually challenge viral control. Directing vaccine-induced humoral and cell-mediated responses to mucosal surfaces may enhance vaccine efficacy. Here we investigate the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of optimized synthetic DNA plasmids encoding wild-type severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) spike protein (pS) co-formulated with the plasmid-encoded mucosal chemokine cutaneous T cell-attracting chemokine (pCTACK; CCL27). pCTACK-co-immunized animals exhibit increased spike-specific antibodies at the mucosal surface and increased frequencies of interferon gamma (IFNγ)+ CD8+ T cells in the respiratory mucosa. pCTACK co-immunization confers 100% protection from heterologous Delta VOC challenge. This study shows that mucosal chemokine adjuvants can direct vaccine-induced responses to specific immunological sites and have significant effects on heterologous challenge. Further study of this unique chemokine-adjuvanted vaccine approach in the context of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines is likely important.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebony N Gary
- The Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Nicholas J Tursi
- The Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Bryce Warner
- Special Pathogens Program, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Elizabeth M Parzych
- The Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ali R Ali
- The Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Drew Frase
- The Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Estella Moffat
- National Center for Foreign Animal Disease (NCFAD), Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Carissa Embury-Hyatt
- National Center for Foreign Animal Disease (NCFAD), Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | | | | | | | - Darwyn Kobasa
- Special Pathogens Program, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MB, Canada; Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Ami Patel
- The Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Daniel W Kulp
- The Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - David B Weiner
- The Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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2
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Walters JN, Schouest B, Patel A, Reuschel EL, Schultheis K, Parzych E, Maricic I, Gary EN, Purwar M, Andrade VM, Doan A, Elwood D, Eblimit Z, Nguyen B, Frase D, Zaidi FI, Kulkarni A, Generotti A, Joseph Kim J, Humeau LM, Ramos SJ, Smith TR, Weiner DB, Broderick KE. Prime-boost vaccination regimens with INO-4800 and INO-4802 augment and broaden immune responses against SARS-CoV-2 in nonhuman primates. Vaccine 2022; 40:2960-2969. [PMID: 35428500 PMCID: PMC8977452 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2022.03.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The enhanced transmissibility and immune evasion associated with emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants demands the development of next-generation vaccines capable of inducing superior protection amid a shifting pandemic landscape. Since a portion of the global population harbors some level of immunity from vaccines based on the original Wuhan-Hu-1 SARS-CoV-2 sequence or natural infection, an important question going forward is whether this immunity can be boosted by next-generation vaccines that target emerging variants while simultaneously maintaining long-term protection against existing strains. Here, we evaluated the immunogenicity of INO-4800, our synthetic DNA vaccine candidate for COVID-19 currently in clinical evaluation, and INO-4802, a next-generation DNA vaccine designed to broadly target emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants, as booster vaccines in nonhuman primates. Rhesus macaques primed over one year prior with the first-generation INO-4800 vaccine were boosted with either INO-4800 or INO-4802 in homologous or heterologous prime-boost regimens. Both boosting schedules led to an expansion of T cells and antibody responses which were characterized by improved neutralizing and ACE2 blocking activity across wild-type SARS-CoV-2 as well as multiple variants of concern. These data illustrate the durability of immunity following vaccination with INO-4800 and additionally support the use of either INO-4800 or INO-4802 in prime-boost regimens.
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3
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Xu Z, Walker S, Wise MC, Chokkalingam N, Purwar M, Moore A, Tello-Ruiz E, Wu Y, Majumdar S, Konrath KM, Kulkarni A, Tursi NJ, Zaidi FI, Reuschel EL, Patel I, Obeirne A, Du J, Schultheis K, Gites L, Smith T, Mendoza J, Broderick KE, Humeau L, Pallesen J, Weiner DB, Kulp DW. Induction of tier-2 neutralizing antibodies in mice with a DNA-encoded HIV envelope native like trimer. Nat Commun 2022; 13:695. [PMID: 35121758 PMCID: PMC8816947 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-28363-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
HIV Envelope (Env) is the main vaccine target for induction of neutralizing antibodies. Stabilizing Env into native-like trimer (NLT) conformations is required for recombinant protein immunogens to induce autologous neutralizing antibodies(nAbs) against difficult to neutralize HIV strains (tier-2) in rabbits and non-human primates. Immunizations of mice with NLTs have generally failed to induce tier-2 nAbs. Here, we show that DNA-encoded NLTs fold properly in vivo and induce autologous tier-2 nAbs in mice. DNA-encoded NLTs also uniquely induce both CD4 + and CD8 + T-cell responses as compared to corresponding protein immunizations. Murine neutralizing antibodies are identified with an advanced sequencing technology. The structure of an Env-Ab (C05) complex, as determined by cryo-EM, identifies a previously undescribed neutralizing Env C3/V5 epitope. Beyond potential functional immunity gains, DNA vaccines permit in vivo folding of structured antigens and provide significant cost and speed advantages for enabling rapid evaluation of new HIV vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyang Xu
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Susanne Walker
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Megan C Wise
- Inovio Pharmaceuticals, Plymouth Meeting, PA, 19462, USA
| | - Neethu Chokkalingam
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Mansi Purwar
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Alan Moore
- Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA
| | - Edgar Tello-Ruiz
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Yuanhan Wu
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Sonali Majumdar
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Kylie M Konrath
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Abhijeet Kulkarni
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Nicholas J Tursi
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Faraz I Zaidi
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Emma L Reuschel
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Ishaan Patel
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - April Obeirne
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Jianqiu Du
- Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA
| | | | - Lauren Gites
- Inovio Pharmaceuticals, Plymouth Meeting, PA, 19462, USA
| | - Trevor Smith
- Inovio Pharmaceuticals, Plymouth Meeting, PA, 19462, USA
| | - Janess Mendoza
- Inovio Pharmaceuticals, Plymouth Meeting, PA, 19462, USA
| | | | - Laurent Humeau
- Inovio Pharmaceuticals, Plymouth Meeting, PA, 19462, USA
| | - Jesper Pallesen
- Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA
| | - David B Weiner
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Daniel W Kulp
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
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4
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Kraynyak KA, Blackwood E, Agnes J, Tebas P, Giffear M, Amante D, Reuschel EL, Purwar M, Christensen-Quick A, Liu N, Andrade VM, Diehl MC, Wani S, Lupicka M, Sylvester A, Morrow MP, Pezzoli P, McMullan T, Kulkarni AJ, Zaidi FI, Frase D, Liaw K, Smith TRF, Ramos SJ, Ervin J, Adams M, Lee J, Dallas M, Brown AS, Shea JE, Kim JJ, Weiner DB, Broderick KE, Humeau LM, Boyer JD, Mammen MP. SARS-CoV-2 DNA Vaccine INO-4800 Induces Durable Immune Responses Capable of Being Boosted in a Phase 1 Open-Label Trial. J Infect Dis 2022; 225:1923-1932. [PMID: 35079784 PMCID: PMC8807286 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiac016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Additional SARS-CoV-2 vaccines that are safe and effective as primary vaccines and boosters remain urgently needed to combat the COVID-19 pandemic. We describe the safety and durability of the immune responses following two primary doses and a homologous booster dose of an investigational DNA vaccine (INO-4800) targeting the full-length spike antigen.
Methods
Three dosage strengths of INO-4800 (0.5 mg, 1.0 mg, and 2.0 mg) were evaluated in 120 age-stratified healthy adults. Intradermal injection of INO-4800 followed by electroporation at 0 and 4 weeks preceded an optional booster 6-10.5 months after the second dose.
Results
INO-4800 appeared well tolerated, with no treatment-related serious adverse events. Most adverse events were mild and did not increase in frequency with age and subsequent dosing. A durable antibody response was observed 6 months following the second dose; a homologous booster dose significantly increased immune responses. Cytokine producing T cells and activated CD8+ T cells with lytic potential were significantly increased in the 2.0 mg dose group.
Conclusion
INO-4800 was well tolerated in a 2-dose primary series and as a homologous booster in all adults, including the elderly. These results support further development of INO-4800 for use as a primary vaccine and as a booster.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Joseph Agnes
- Inovio Pharmaceuticals, Plymouth Meeting, PA, USA
| | - Pablo Tebas
- Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Mary Giffear
- Inovio Pharmaceuticals, Plymouth Meeting, PA, USA
| | - Dinah Amante
- Inovio Pharmaceuticals, Plymouth Meeting, PA, USA
| | - Emma L Reuschel
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Mansi Purwar
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Neiman Liu
- Inovio Pharmaceuticals, Plymouth Meeting, PA, USA
| | | | | | - Snehal Wani
- Inovio Pharmaceuticals, Plymouth Meeting, PA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Faraz I Zaidi
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Drew Frase
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kevin Liaw
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | | | - John Ervin
- Alliance for Multispecialty Research, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Mark Adams
- Alliance for Multispecialty Research, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Jessica Lee
- Inovio Pharmaceuticals, Plymouth Meeting, PA, USA
| | | | | | | | - J Joseph Kim
- Inovio Pharmaceuticals, Plymouth Meeting, PA, USA
| | - David B Weiner
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | | | - Jean D Boyer
- Inovio Pharmaceuticals, Plymouth Meeting, PA, USA
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5
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Andrade VM, Christensen-Quick A, Agnes J, Tur J, Reed C, Kalia R, Marrero I, Elwood D, Schultheis K, Purwar M, Reuschel E, McMullan T, Pezzoli P, Kraynyak K, Sylvester A, Mammen MP, Tebas P, Joseph Kim J, Weiner DB, Smith TRF, Ramos SJ, Humeau LM, Boyer JD, Broderick KE. INO-4800 DNA vaccine induces neutralizing antibodies and T cell activity against global SARS-CoV-2 variants. NPJ Vaccines 2021; 6:121. [PMID: 34650089 PMCID: PMC8516974 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-021-00384-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Global surveillance has identified emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VOC) associated with broadened host specificity, pathogenicity, and immune evasion to vaccine-induced immunity. Here we compared humoral and cellular responses against SARS-CoV-2 VOC in subjects immunized with the DNA vaccine, INO-4800. INO-4800 vaccination induced neutralizing antibodies against all variants tested, with reduced levels detected against B.1.351. IFNγ T cell responses were fully maintained against all variants tested.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Joseph Agnes
- Inovio Pharmaceuticals, Plymouth Meeting, PA, USA
| | - Jared Tur
- Inovio Pharmaceuticals, Plymouth Meeting, PA, USA
| | - Charles Reed
- Inovio Pharmaceuticals, Plymouth Meeting, PA, USA
| | - Richa Kalia
- Inovio Pharmaceuticals, Plymouth Meeting, PA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Mansi Purwar
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Emma Reuschel
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | | | - Kim Kraynyak
- Inovio Pharmaceuticals, Plymouth Meeting, PA, USA
| | | | | | - Pablo Tebas
- Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - J Joseph Kim
- Inovio Pharmaceuticals, Plymouth Meeting, PA, USA
| | - David B Weiner
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Jean D Boyer
- Inovio Pharmaceuticals, Plymouth Meeting, PA, USA
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6
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Riddell S, Goldie S, McAuley AJ, Kuiper MJ, Durr PA, Blasdell KR, Tachedjian M, Druce JD, Smith TRF, Broderick KE, Vasan SS. Live Virus Neutralisation of the 501Y.V1 and 501Y.V2 SARS-CoV-2 Variants following INO-4800 Vaccination of Ferrets. Front Immunol 2021; 12:694857. [PMID: 34248993 PMCID: PMC8269317 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.694857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in significant global morbidity and mortality on a scale similar to the influenza pandemic of 1918. Over the course of the last few months, a number of SARS-CoV-2 variants have been identified against which vaccine-induced immune responses may be less effective. These "variants-of-concern" have garnered significant attention in the media, with discussion around their impact on the future of the pandemic and the ability of leading COVID-19 vaccines to protect against them effectively. To address concerns about emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants affecting vaccine-induced immunity, we investigated the neutralisation of representative 'G614', '501Y.V1' and '501Y.V2' virus isolates using sera from ferrets that had received prime-boost doses of the DNA vaccine, INO-4800. Neutralisation titres against G614 and 501Y.V1 were comparable, but titres against the 501Y.V2 variant were approximately 4-fold lower, similar to results reported with other nucleic acid vaccines and supported by in silico biomolecular modelling. The results confirm that the vaccine-induced neutralising antibodies generated by INO-4800 remain effective against current variants-of-concern, albeit with lower neutralisation titres against 501Y.V2 similar to other leading nucleic acid-based vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shane Riddell
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Australian Centre for Disease Preparedness, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Sarah Goldie
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Australian Centre for Disease Preparedness, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Alexander J. McAuley
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Australian Centre for Disease Preparedness, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Michael J. Kuiper
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Data61, Docklands, VIC, Australia
| | - Peter A. Durr
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Australian Centre for Disease Preparedness, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Kim R. Blasdell
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Australian Centre for Disease Preparedness, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Mary Tachedjian
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Australian Centre for Disease Preparedness, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Julian D. Druce
- Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, The Royal Melbourne Hospital and The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Trevor R. F. Smith
- Research & Development Centre, Inovio Pharmaceuticals, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Kate E. Broderick
- Research & Development Centre, Inovio Pharmaceuticals, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Seshadri S. Vasan
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Australian Centre for Disease Preparedness, Geelong, VIC, Australia
- Department of Health Sciences, University of York, York, United Kingdom
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7
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Gooch KE, Smith TRF, Salguero FJ, Fotheringham SA, Watson RJ, Dennis MJ, Handley A, Humphries HE, Longet S, Tipton T, Sarfas C, Sibley L, Slack GS, Rayner E, Ryan KA, Schultheis K, Ramos SJ, White A, Charlton S, Sharpe SA, Gleeson F, Humeau LM, Hall Y, Broderick KE, Carroll MW. One or two dose regimen of the SARS-CoV-2 synthetic DNA vaccine INO-4800 protects against respiratory tract disease burden in nonhuman primate challenge model. Vaccine 2021; 39:4885-4894. [PMID: 34253420 PMCID: PMC8220992 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2021.06.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Safe and effective vaccines will provide essential medical countermeasures to tackle the COVID-19 pandemic. Here, we assessed the safety, immunogenicity and efficacy of the intradermal delivery of INO-4800, a synthetic DNA vaccine candidate encoding the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein in the rhesus macaque model. Single and 2 dose vaccination regimens were evaluated. Vaccination induced both binding and neutralizing antibodies, along with IFN-γ-producing T cells against SARS-CoV-2. Upon administration of a high viral dose (5 × 106 pfu) via the intranasal and intratracheal routes we observed significantly reduced virus load in the lung and throat, in the vaccinated animals compared to controls. 2 doses of INO-4800 was associated with more robust vaccine-induced immune responses and improved viral protection. Importantly, histopathological examination of lung tissue provided no indication of vaccine-enhanced disease following SARS-CoV-2 challenge in INO-4800 immunized animals. This vaccine candidate is currently under clinical evaluation as a 2 dose regimen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen E Gooch
- Public Health England (PHE), Porton Down, Salisbury, Wiltshire SP4 0JG, United Kingdom
| | | | - Francisco J Salguero
- Public Health England (PHE), Porton Down, Salisbury, Wiltshire SP4 0JG, United Kingdom
| | - Susan A Fotheringham
- Public Health England (PHE), Porton Down, Salisbury, Wiltshire SP4 0JG, United Kingdom
| | - Robert J Watson
- Public Health England (PHE), Porton Down, Salisbury, Wiltshire SP4 0JG, United Kingdom
| | - Mike J Dennis
- Public Health England (PHE), Porton Down, Salisbury, Wiltshire SP4 0JG, United Kingdom
| | - Alastair Handley
- Public Health England (PHE), Porton Down, Salisbury, Wiltshire SP4 0JG, United Kingdom
| | - Holly E Humphries
- Public Health England (PHE), Porton Down, Salisbury, Wiltshire SP4 0JG, United Kingdom
| | - Stephanie Longet
- Public Health England (PHE), Porton Down, Salisbury, Wiltshire SP4 0JG, United Kingdom
| | - Tom Tipton
- Public Health England (PHE), Porton Down, Salisbury, Wiltshire SP4 0JG, United Kingdom
| | - Charlotte Sarfas
- Public Health England (PHE), Porton Down, Salisbury, Wiltshire SP4 0JG, United Kingdom
| | - Laura Sibley
- Public Health England (PHE), Porton Down, Salisbury, Wiltshire SP4 0JG, United Kingdom
| | - Gillian S Slack
- Public Health England (PHE), Porton Down, Salisbury, Wiltshire SP4 0JG, United Kingdom
| | - Emma Rayner
- Public Health England (PHE), Porton Down, Salisbury, Wiltshire SP4 0JG, United Kingdom
| | - Kathryn A Ryan
- Public Health England (PHE), Porton Down, Salisbury, Wiltshire SP4 0JG, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Andrew White
- Public Health England (PHE), Porton Down, Salisbury, Wiltshire SP4 0JG, United Kingdom
| | - Sue Charlton
- Public Health England (PHE), Porton Down, Salisbury, Wiltshire SP4 0JG, United Kingdom
| | - Sally A Sharpe
- Public Health England (PHE), Porton Down, Salisbury, Wiltshire SP4 0JG, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Yper Hall
- Public Health England (PHE), Porton Down, Salisbury, Wiltshire SP4 0JG, United Kingdom
| | | | - Miles W Carroll
- Public Health England (PHE), Porton Down, Salisbury, Wiltshire SP4 0JG, United Kingdom; Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Dept of Medicine, Oxford University, OX3 7BN, UK
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8
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Rane YS, Thomas JB, Fisher P, Broderick KE, Marston JO. Feasibility of using negative pressure for jet injection applications. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2021.102395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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9
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Patel A, Reuschel EL, Xu Z, Zaidi FI, Kim KY, Scott DP, Mendoza J, Ramos S, Stoltz R, Feldmann F, Okumura A, Meade-White K, Haddock E, Thomas T, Rosenke R, Lovaglio J, Hanley PW, Saturday G, Muthumani K, Feldmann H, Humeau LM, Broderick KE, Weiner DB. Intradermal delivery of a synthetic DNA vaccine protects macaques from Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus. JCI Insight 2021; 6:146082. [PMID: 33886507 PMCID: PMC8262283 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.146082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging coronaviruses from zoonotic reservoirs, including severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV), Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), have been associated with human-to-human transmission and significant morbidity and mortality. Here, we study both intradermal and intramuscular 2-dose delivery regimens of an advanced synthetic DNA vaccine candidate encoding a full-length MERS-CoV spike (S) protein, which induced potent binding and neutralizing antibodies as well as cellular immune responses in rhesus macaques. In a MERS-CoV challenge, all immunized rhesus macaques exhibited reduced clinical symptoms, lowered viral lung load, and decreased severity of pathological signs of disease compared with controls. Intradermal vaccination was dose sparing and more effective in this model at protecting animals from disease. The data support the further study of this vaccine for preventing MERS-CoV infection and transmission, including investigation of such vaccines and simplified delivery routes against emerging coronaviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ami Patel
- Vaccine & Immunotherapy Center, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Emma L. Reuschel
- Vaccine & Immunotherapy Center, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ziyang Xu
- Vaccine & Immunotherapy Center, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Faraz I. Zaidi
- Vaccine & Immunotherapy Center, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Kevin Y. Kim
- Vaccine & Immunotherapy Center, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Dana P. Scott
- Rocky Mountain Veterinary Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Hamilton, Montana, USA
| | - Janess Mendoza
- Inovio Pharmaceuticals Inc., Plymouth Meeting, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Stephanie Ramos
- Inovio Pharmaceuticals Inc., Plymouth Meeting, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Regina Stoltz
- Vaccine & Immunotherapy Center, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Friederike Feldmann
- Rocky Mountain Veterinary Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Hamilton, Montana, USA
| | - Atsushi Okumura
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Hamilton, Montana, USA
| | - Kimberly Meade-White
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Hamilton, Montana, USA
| | - Elaine Haddock
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Hamilton, Montana, USA
| | - Tina Thomas
- Rocky Mountain Veterinary Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Hamilton, Montana, USA
| | - Rebecca Rosenke
- Rocky Mountain Veterinary Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Hamilton, Montana, USA
| | - Jamie Lovaglio
- Rocky Mountain Veterinary Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Hamilton, Montana, USA
| | - Patrick W. Hanley
- Rocky Mountain Veterinary Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Hamilton, Montana, USA
| | - Greg Saturday
- Rocky Mountain Veterinary Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Hamilton, Montana, USA
| | - Kar Muthumani
- Vaccine & Immunotherapy Center, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Heinz Feldmann
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Hamilton, Montana, USA
| | | | | | - David B. Weiner
- Vaccine & Immunotherapy Center, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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10
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Tebas P, Yang S, Boyer JD, Reuschel EL, Patel A, Christensen-Quick A, Andrade VM, Morrow MP, Kraynyak K, Agnes J, Purwar M, Sylvester A, Pawlicki J, Gillespie E, Maricic I, Zaidi FI, Kim KY, Dia Y, Frase D, Pezzoli P, Schultheis K, Smith TR, Ramos SJ, McMullan T, Buttigieg K, Carroll MW, Ervin J, Diehl MC, Blackwood E, Mammen MP, Lee J, Dallas MJ, Brown AS, Shea JE, Kim J, Weiner DB, Broderick KE, Humeau LM. Safety and immunogenicity of INO-4800 DNA vaccine against SARS-CoV-2: A preliminary report of an open-label, Phase 1 clinical trial. EClinicalMedicine 2021; 31:100689. [PMID: 33392485 PMCID: PMC7759123 DOI: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2020.100689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 is of high urgency. Here the safety and immunogenicity induced by a DNA vaccine (INO-4800) targeting the full length spike antigen of SARS-CoV-2 are described. METHODS INO-4800 was evaluated in two groups of 20 participants, receiving either 1.0 mg or 2.0 mg of vaccine intradermally followed by CELLECTRA® EP at 0 and 4 weeks. Thirty-nine subjects completed both doses; one subject in the 2.0 mg group discontinued trial participation prior to receiving the second dose. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT04336410. FINDINGS The median age was 34.5, 55% (22/40) were men and 82.5% (33/40) white. Through week 8, only 6 related Grade 1 adverse events in 5 subjects were observed. None of these increased in frequency with the second administration. No serious adverse events were reported. All 38 subjects evaluable for immunogenicity had cellular and/or humoral immune responses following the second dose of INO-4800. By week 6, 95% (36/38) of the participants seroconverted based on their responses by generating binding (ELISA) and/or neutralizing antibodies (PRNT IC50), with responder geometric mean binding antibody titers of 655.5 [95% CI (255.6, 1681.0)] and 994.2 [95% CI (395.3, 2500.3)] in the 1.0 mg and 2.0 mg groups, respectively. For neutralizing antibody, 78% (14/18) and 84% (16/19) generated a response with corresponding geometric mean titers of 102.3 [95% CI (37.4, 280.3)] and 63.5 [95% CI (39.6, 101.8)], in the respective groups. By week 8, 74% (14/19) and 100% (19/19) of subjects generated T cell responses by IFN-ɣ ELISpot assay with the median SFU per 106 PBMC of 46 [95% CI (21.1, 142.2)] and 71 [95% CI (32.2, 194.4)] in the 1.0 mg and 2.0 mg groups, respectively. Flow cytometry demonstrated a T cell response, dominated by CD8+ T cells co-producing IFN-ɣ and TNF-α, without increase in IL-4. INTERPRETATION INO-4800 demonstrated excellent safety and tolerability and was immunogenic in 100% (38/38) of the vaccinated subjects by eliciting either or both humoral or cellular immune responses. FUNDING Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations (CEPI).
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Tebas
- Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - ShuPing Yang
- Inovio Pharmaceuticals, Plymouth Meeting, PA 19462, USA
| | - Jean D. Boyer
- Inovio Pharmaceuticals, Plymouth Meeting, PA 19462, USA
| | - Emma L. Reuschel
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Ami Patel
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Joseph Agnes
- Inovio Pharmaceuticals, Plymouth Meeting, PA 19462, USA
| | - Mansi Purwar
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | | | - Jan Pawlicki
- Inovio Pharmaceuticals, Plymouth Meeting, PA 19462, USA
| | | | - Igor Maricic
- Inovio Pharmaceuticals, Plymouth Meeting, PA 19462, USA
| | - Faraz I. Zaidi
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Kevin Y. Kim
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Yaya Dia
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Drew Frase
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - John Ervin
- Alliance for Multispecialty Research, Kansas City, MO 64114-4866
| | | | | | | | - Jessica Lee
- Inovio Pharmaceuticals, Plymouth Meeting, PA 19462, USA
| | | | | | | | - J.Joseph Kim
- Inovio Pharmaceuticals, Plymouth Meeting, PA 19462, USA
| | - David B. Weiner
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | | | - Laurent M. Humeau
- Inovio Pharmaceuticals, Plymouth Meeting, PA 19462, USA
- Corresponding author.
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11
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Walker SN, Chokkalingam N, Reuschel EL, Purwar M, Xu Z, Gary EN, Kim KY, Helble M, Schultheis K, Walters J, Ramos S, Muthumani K, Smith TRF, Broderick KE, Tebas P, Patel A, Weiner DB, Kulp DW. SARS-CoV-2 Assays To Detect Functional Antibody Responses That Block ACE2 Recognition in Vaccinated Animals and Infected Patients. J Clin Microbiol 2020; 58:e01533-20. [PMID: 32855181 PMCID: PMC7587116 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.01533-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has caused a global pandemic of COVID-19, resulting in cases of mild to severe respiratory distress and significant mortality. The global outbreak of this novel coronavirus has now infected >20 million people worldwide, with >5 million cases in the United States (11 August 2020). The development of diagnostic and research tools to determine infection and vaccine efficacy is critically needed. We have developed multiple serologic assays using newly designed SARS-CoV-2 reagents for detecting the presence of receptor-binding antibodies in sera. The first assay is surface plasmon resonance (SPR) based and can quantitate both antibody binding to the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and blocking to the Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor in a single experiment. The second assay is enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) based and can measure competition and blocking of the ACE2 receptor to the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein with antispike antibodies. The assay is highly versatile, and we demonstrate the broad utility of the assay by measuring antibody functionality of sera from small animals and nonhuman primates immunized with an experimental SARS-CoV-2 vaccine. In addition, we employ the assay to measure receptor blocking of sera from SARS-CoV-2-infected patients. The assay is shown to correlate with pseudovirus neutralization titers. This type of rapid, surrogate neutralization diagnostic can be employed widely to help study SARS-CoV-2 infection and assess the efficacy of vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne N Walker
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Neethu Chokkalingam
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Emma L Reuschel
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Mansi Purwar
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ziyang Xu
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ebony N Gary
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Kevin Y Kim
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Michaela Helble
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - Jewell Walters
- Inovio Pharmaceuticals, Plymouth Meeting, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - Kar Muthumani
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | | | - Pablo Tebas
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ami Patel
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - David B Weiner
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Daniel W Kulp
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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12
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McAuley AJ, Kuiper MJ, Durr PA, Bruce MP, Barr J, Todd S, Au GG, Blasdell K, Tachedjian M, Lowther S, Marsh GA, Edwards S, Poole T, Layton R, Riddell SJ, Drew TW, Druce JD, Smith TRF, Broderick KE, Vasan SS. Experimental and in silico evidence suggests vaccines are unlikely to be affected by D614G mutation in SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. NPJ Vaccines 2020; 5:96. [PMID: 33083031 PMCID: PMC7546614 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-020-00246-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The 'D614G' mutation (Aspartate-to-Glycine change at position 614) of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein has been speculated to adversely affect the efficacy of most vaccines and countermeasures that target this glycoprotein, necessitating frequent vaccine matching. Virus neutralisation assays were performed using sera from ferrets which received two doses of the INO-4800 COVID-19 vaccine, and Australian virus isolates (VIC01, SA01 and VIC31) which either possess or lack this mutation but are otherwise comparable. Through this approach, supported by biomolecular modelling of this mutation and the commonly-associated P314L mutation in the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, we have shown that there is no experimental evidence to support this speculation. We additionally demonstrate that the putative elastase cleavage site introduced by the D614G mutation is unlikely to be accessible to proteases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander J McAuley
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Australian Centre for Disease Preparedness, Geelong, VIC 3219 Australia
| | - Michael J Kuiper
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Data61, Docklands, VIC 3008 Australia
| | - Peter A Durr
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Australian Centre for Disease Preparedness, Geelong, VIC 3219 Australia
| | - Matthew P Bruce
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Australian Centre for Disease Preparedness, Geelong, VIC 3219 Australia
| | - Jennifer Barr
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Australian Centre for Disease Preparedness, Geelong, VIC 3219 Australia
| | - Shawn Todd
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Australian Centre for Disease Preparedness, Geelong, VIC 3219 Australia
| | - Gough G Au
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Australian Centre for Disease Preparedness, Geelong, VIC 3219 Australia
| | - Kim Blasdell
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Australian Centre for Disease Preparedness, Geelong, VIC 3219 Australia
| | - Mary Tachedjian
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Australian Centre for Disease Preparedness, Geelong, VIC 3219 Australia
| | - Sue Lowther
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Australian Centre for Disease Preparedness, Geelong, VIC 3219 Australia
| | - Glenn A Marsh
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Australian Centre for Disease Preparedness, Geelong, VIC 3219 Australia
| | - Sarah Edwards
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Australian Centre for Disease Preparedness, Geelong, VIC 3219 Australia
| | - Timothy Poole
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Australian Centre for Disease Preparedness, Geelong, VIC 3219 Australia
| | - Rachel Layton
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Australian Centre for Disease Preparedness, Geelong, VIC 3219 Australia
| | - Sarah-Jane Riddell
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Australian Centre for Disease Preparedness, Geelong, VIC 3219 Australia
| | - Trevor W Drew
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Australian Centre for Disease Preparedness, Geelong, VIC 3219 Australia
| | - Julian D Druce
- Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, The Royal Melbourne Hospital at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC 3000 Australia
| | - Trevor R F Smith
- Inovio Pharmaceuticals, 10480 Wateridge Circle, San Diego, CA 92121 USA
| | - Kate E Broderick
- Inovio Pharmaceuticals, 10480 Wateridge Circle, San Diego, CA 92121 USA
| | - S S Vasan
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Australian Centre for Disease Preparedness, Geelong, VIC 3219 Australia.,Department of Health Sciences, University of York, York, YO10 5DD UK
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13
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Wise MC, Xu Z, Tello-Ruiz E, Beck C, Trautz A, Patel A, Elliott ST, Chokkalingam N, Kim S, Kerkau MG, Muthumani K, Jiang J, Fisher PD, Ramos SJ, Smith TR, Mendoza J, Broderick KE, Montefiori DC, Ferrari G, Kulp DW, Humeau LM, Weiner DB. In vivo delivery of synthetic DNA-encoded antibodies induces broad HIV-1-neutralizing activity. J Clin Invest 2020; 130:827-837. [PMID: 31697648 DOI: 10.1172/jci132779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Interventions to prevent HIV-1 infection and alternative tools in HIV cure therapy remain pressing goals. Recently, numerous broadly neutralizing HIV-1 monoclonal antibodies (bNAbs) have been developed that possess the characteristics necessary for potential prophylactic or therapeutic approaches. However, formulation complexities, especially for multiantibody deliveries, long infusion times, and production issues could limit the use of these bNAbs when deployed, globally affecting their potential application. Here, we describe an approach utilizing synthetic DNA-encoded monoclonal antibodies (dmAbs) for direct in vivo production of prespecified neutralizing activity. We designed 16 different bNAbs as dmAb cassettes and studied their activity in small and large animals. Sera from animals administered dmAbs neutralized multiple HIV-1 isolates with activity similar to that of their parental recombinant mAbs. Delivery of multiple dmAbs to a single animal led to increased neutralization breadth. Two dmAbs, PGDM1400 and PGT121, were advanced into nonhuman primates for study. High peak-circulating levels (between 6 and 34 μg/ml) of these dmAbs were measured, and the sera of all animals displayed broad neutralizing activity. The dmAb approach provides an important local delivery platform for the in vivo generation of HIV-1 bNAbs and for other infectious disease antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan C Wise
- Inovio Pharmaceuticals, Plymouth Meeting, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ziyang Xu
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Edgar Tello-Ruiz
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - Aspen Trautz
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ami Patel
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Sarah Tc Elliott
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Neethu Chokkalingam
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Sophie Kim
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - Kar Muthumani
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jingjing Jiang
- Inovio Pharmaceuticals, Plymouth Meeting, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Paul D Fisher
- Inovio Pharmaceuticals, Plymouth Meeting, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | | | - Janess Mendoza
- Inovio Pharmaceuticals, Plymouth Meeting, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - David C Montefiori
- Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | | | - Daniel W Kulp
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - David B Weiner
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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14
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Xu Z, Chokkalingam N, Tello-Ruiz E, Wise MC, Bah MA, Walker S, Tursi NJ, Fisher PD, Schultheis K, Broderick KE, Humeau L, Kulp DW, Weiner DB. A DNA-Launched Nanoparticle Vaccine Elicits CD8 + T-cell Immunity to Promote In Vivo Tumor Control. Cancer Immunol Res 2020; 8:1354-1364. [PMID: 32913042 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-20-0061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Cytolytic T cells (CTL) play a pivotal role in surveillance against tumors. Induction of CTL responses by vaccination may be challenging, as it requires direct transduction of target cells or special adjuvants to promote cross-presentation. Here, we observed induction of robust CTL responses through electroporation-facilitated, DNA-launched nanoparticle vaccination (DLnano-vaccines). Electroporation was observed to mediate transient tissue apoptosis and macrophage infiltration, which were deemed essential to the induction of CTLs by DLnano-vaccines through a systemic macrophage depletion study. Bolus delivery of protein nano-vaccines followed by electroporation, however, failed to induce CTLs, suggesting direct in vivo production of nano-vaccines may be required. Following these observations, new DLnano-vaccines scaffolding immunodominant melanoma Gp100 and Trp2 epitopes were designed and shown to induce more potent and consistent epitope-specific CTL responses than the corresponding DNA monomeric vaccines or CpG-adjuvanted peptide vaccines. DNA, but not recombinant protein, nano-vaccinations induced CTL responses to these epitopes and suppressed melanoma tumor growth in mouse models in a CD8+ T-cell-dependent fashion. Further studies to explore the use of DLnano-vaccines against other cancer targets and the biology with which they induce CTLs are important.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyang Xu
- The Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Department of Pharmacology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia Pennsylvania
| | - Neethu Chokkalingam
- The Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Edgar Tello-Ruiz
- The Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Megan C Wise
- Inovio Pharmaceuticals, Plymouth Meeting, Pennsylvania
| | - Mamadou A Bah
- The Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Susanne Walker
- The Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Nicholas J Tursi
- The Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Paul D Fisher
- Inovio Pharmaceuticals, Plymouth Meeting, Pennsylvania
| | | | | | | | - Daniel W Kulp
- The Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
| | - David B Weiner
- The Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
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15
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Guibinga GH, Sahay B, Brown H, Cooch N, Chen J, Yan J, Reed C, Mishra M, Yung B, Pugh H, Schultheis K, Esquivel RN, Weiner DB, Humeau LH, Broderick KE, Smith TR. Protection against Borreliella burgdorferi infection mediated by a synthetically engineered DNA vaccine. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2020; 16:2114-2122. [PMID: 32783701 PMCID: PMC7553707 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2020.1789408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Lyme disease is the most common vector-borne disease in North America. The etiological agent is the spirochete Borreliella burgdorferi, transmitted to mammalian hosts by the Ixodes tick. In recent years there has been an increase in the number of cases of Lyme disease. Currently, there is no vaccine on the market for human use. We describe the development of a novel synthetically engineered DNA vaccine, pLD1 targeting the outer-surface protein A (OspA) of Borreliella burgdorferi. Immunization of C3 H/HeN mice with pLD1 elicits robust humoral and cellular immune responses that confer complete protection against a live Borreliella burgdorferi bacterial challenge. We also assessed intradermal (ID) delivery of pLD1 in Hartley guinea pigs, demonstrating the induction of robust and durable humoral immunity that lasts at least 1 year. We provide evidence of the potency of pLD1 by showing that antibodies targeting the OspA epitopes which have been associated with protection are prominently raised in the immunized guinea pigs. The described study provides the basis for the advancement of pDL1 as a potential vaccine for Lyme disease control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghiabe H. Guibinga
- Department of Research and Development, Inovio Pharmaceuticals, Plymouth Meeting, PA, USA
| | - Bikash Sahay
- College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Heather Brown
- Department of Research and Development, Inovio Pharmaceuticals, Plymouth Meeting, PA, USA
| | - Neil Cooch
- Department of Research and Development, Inovio Pharmaceuticals, Plymouth Meeting, PA, USA
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Research and Development, Inovio Pharmaceuticals, Plymouth Meeting, PA, USA
| | - Jian Yan
- Department of Research and Development, Inovio Pharmaceuticals, Plymouth Meeting, PA, USA
| | - Charles Reed
- Department of Research and Development, Inovio Pharmaceuticals, Plymouth Meeting, PA, USA
| | - Meerambika Mishra
- College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Bryan Yung
- Department of Research and Development, Inovio Pharmaceuticals, Plymouth Meeting, PA, USA
| | - Holly Pugh
- Department of Research and Development, Inovio Pharmaceuticals, Plymouth Meeting, PA, USA
| | - Katherine Schultheis
- Department of Research and Development, Inovio Pharmaceuticals, Plymouth Meeting, PA, USA
| | - Rianne N. Esquivel
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - David B. Weiner
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Laurent H. Humeau
- Department of Research and Development, Inovio Pharmaceuticals, Plymouth Meeting, PA, USA
| | - Kate E. Broderick
- Department of Research and Development, Inovio Pharmaceuticals, Plymouth Meeting, PA, USA
| | - Trevor R.F. Smith
- Department of Research and Development, Inovio Pharmaceuticals, Plymouth Meeting, PA, USA,CONTACT Trevor R.F. Smith Inovio Pharmaceuticals, San Diego, CA92121
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16
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Schultheis K, Pugh HM, Oh J, Nguyen J, Yung B, Reed C, Cooch N, Chen J, Yan J, Muthumani K, Humeau LM, Weiner DB, Broderick KE, Smith TRF. Active immunoprophylaxis with a synthetic DNA-encoded monoclonal anti-respiratory syncytial virus scFv-Fc fusion protein confers protection against infection and durable activity. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2020; 16:2165-2175. [PMID: 32544376 PMCID: PMC7553682 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2020.1748979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Respiratory Syncytial virus (RSV) is a major threat to many vulnerable populations. There are currently no approved vaccines, and RSV remains a high unmet global medical need. Here we describe the employment of a novel synthetic DNA-encoded antibody technology platform to develop and deliver an engineered human DNA-encoded monoclonal antibody (dMAbTM) targeting the fusion protein (F) of RSV as a new approach to prevention or therapy of at risk populations. In in vivo models, a single administration of synthetic DNA-encoding the single-chain fragment variable-constant fragment (scFv-Fc) RSV-F dMAb resulted in robust and durable circulating levels of a functional antibody systemically and in mucosal tissue. In cotton rats, which are the gold-standard animals to model RSV infection, we observed sustained scFv-Fc RSV-F dMAb in the sera and lung-lavage samples, demonstrating the potential for both long-lasting immunity to RSV and effective biodistribution. The scFv-Fc RSV-F dMAb harbored in the sera exhibited RSV antigen-specific binding and potent viral neutralizing activity. Importantly, in vivo delivery of synthetic DNA-encoding, the scFv-Fc RSV-F dMAb protected animals against viral challenge. Our findings support the significance of dMAbs as a potential platform technology for durable protection against RSV disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Holly M Pugh
- Inovio Pharmaceuticals , Plymouth Meeting, PA, USA
| | - Janet Oh
- Inovio Pharmaceuticals , Plymouth Meeting, PA, USA
| | | | - Bryan Yung
- Inovio Pharmaceuticals , Plymouth Meeting, PA, USA
| | - Charles Reed
- Inovio Pharmaceuticals , Plymouth Meeting, PA, USA
| | - Neil Cooch
- Inovio Pharmaceuticals , Plymouth Meeting, PA, USA
| | - Jing Chen
- Inovio Pharmaceuticals , Plymouth Meeting, PA, USA
| | - Jian Yan
- Inovio Pharmaceuticals , Plymouth Meeting, PA, USA
| | - Kar Muthumani
- Vaccine & Immunotherapy Center, The Wistar Institute , Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - David B Weiner
- Vaccine & Immunotherapy Center, The Wistar Institute , Philadelphia, PA, USA
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17
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McNee A, Smith TRF, Holzer B, Clark B, Bessell E, Guibinga G, Brown H, Schultheis K, Fisher P, Ramos S, Nunez A, Bernard M, Graham S, Martini V, Chrun T, Xiao Y, Kash JC, Taubenberger JK, Elliott S, Patel A, Beverley P, Rijal P, Weiner DB, Townsend A, Broderick KE, Tchilian E. Establishment of a Pig Influenza Challenge Model for Evaluation of Monoclonal Antibody Delivery Platforms. J Immunol 2020; 205:648-660. [PMID: 32591390 PMCID: PMC7372317 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2000429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
mAbs are a possible adjunct to vaccination and drugs in treatment of influenza virus infection. However, questions remain whether small animal models accurately predict efficacy in humans. We have established the pig, a large natural host animal for influenza, with many physiological similarities to humans, as a robust model for testing mAbs. We show that a strongly neutralizing mAb (2-12C) against the hemagglutinin head administered prophylactically at 15 mg/kg reduced viral load and lung pathology after pandemic H1N1 influenza challenge. A lower dose of 1 mg/kg of 2-12C or a DNA plasmid-encoded version of 2-12C reduced pathology and viral load in the lungs but not viral shedding in nasal swabs. We propose that the pig influenza model will be useful for testing candidate mAbs and emerging delivery platforms prior to human trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam McNee
- The Pirbright Institute, Pirbright GU24 0NF, United Kingdom
| | | | - Barbara Holzer
- The Pirbright Institute, Pirbright GU24 0NF, United Kingdom
| | - Becky Clark
- The Pirbright Institute, Pirbright GU24 0NF, United Kingdom
| | - Emily Bessell
- The Pirbright Institute, Pirbright GU24 0NF, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Alejandro Nunez
- Animal and Plant Health Agency-Weybridge, New Haw, Addlestone KT15 3NB, United Kingdom
| | - Matthieu Bernard
- Animal and Plant Health Agency-Weybridge, New Haw, Addlestone KT15 3NB, United Kingdom
| | - Simon Graham
- The Pirbright Institute, Pirbright GU24 0NF, United Kingdom
| | | | - Tiphany Chrun
- The Pirbright Institute, Pirbright GU24 0NF, United Kingdom
| | - Yongli Xiao
- Viral Pathogenesis and Evolution Section, Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-3203
| | - John C Kash
- Viral Pathogenesis and Evolution Section, Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-3203
| | - Jeffery K Taubenberger
- Viral Pathogenesis and Evolution Section, Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-3203
| | - Sarah Elliott
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19103
| | - Ami Patel
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19103
| | - Peter Beverley
- National Heart and Lung Institute, St Mary's Campus, Imperial College London, London W2 1PG, United Kingdom; and
| | - Pramila Rijal
- Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, United Kingdom
| | - David B Weiner
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19103
| | - Alain Townsend
- Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, United Kingdom
| | | | - Elma Tchilian
- The Pirbright Institute, Pirbright GU24 0NF, United Kingdom;
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18
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Smith TRF, Patel A, Ramos S, Elwood D, Zhu X, Yan J, Gary EN, Walker SN, Schultheis K, Purwar M, Xu Z, Walters J, Bhojnagarwala P, Yang M, Chokkalingam N, Pezzoli P, Parzych E, Reuschel EL, Doan A, Tursi N, Vasquez M, Choi J, Tello-Ruiz E, Maricic I, Bah MA, Wu Y, Amante D, Park DH, Dia Y, Ali AR, Zaidi FI, Generotti A, Kim KY, Herring TA, Reeder S, Andrade VM, Buttigieg K, Zhao G, Wu JM, Li D, Bao L, Liu J, Deng W, Qin C, Brown AS, Khoshnejad M, Wang N, Chu J, Wrapp D, McLellan JS, Muthumani K, Wang B, Carroll MW, Kim JJ, Boyer J, Kulp DW, Humeau LMPF, Weiner DB, Broderick KE. Immunogenicity of a DNA vaccine candidate for COVID-19. Nat Commun 2020; 11:2601. [PMID: 32433465 PMCID: PMC7239918 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-16505-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 412] [Impact Index Per Article: 103.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus family member, SARS-CoV-2 has been identified as the causal agent for the pandemic viral pneumonia disease, COVID-19. At this time, no vaccine is available to control further dissemination of the disease. We have previously engineered a synthetic DNA vaccine targeting the MERS coronavirus Spike (S) protein, the major surface antigen of coronaviruses, which is currently in clinical study. Here we build on this prior experience to generate a synthetic DNA-based vaccine candidate targeting SARS-CoV-2 S protein. The engineered construct, INO-4800, results in robust expression of the S protein in vitro. Following immunization of mice and guinea pigs with INO-4800 we measure antigen-specific T cell responses, functional antibodies which neutralize the SARS-CoV-2 infection and block Spike protein binding to the ACE2 receptor, and biodistribution of SARS-CoV-2 targeting antibodies to the lungs. This preliminary dataset identifies INO-4800 as a potential COVID-19 vaccine candidate, supporting further translational study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trevor R. F. Smith
- 0000 0004 0417 098Xgrid.421774.3Inovio Pharmaceuticals, Plymouth Meeting, Philadelphia, PA 19462 USA
| | - Ami Patel
- 0000 0001 1956 6678grid.251075.4Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Stephanie Ramos
- 0000 0004 0417 098Xgrid.421774.3Inovio Pharmaceuticals, Plymouth Meeting, Philadelphia, PA 19462 USA
| | - Dustin Elwood
- 0000 0004 0417 098Xgrid.421774.3Inovio Pharmaceuticals, Plymouth Meeting, Philadelphia, PA 19462 USA
| | - Xizhou Zhu
- 0000 0001 1956 6678grid.251075.4Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Jian Yan
- 0000 0004 0417 098Xgrid.421774.3Inovio Pharmaceuticals, Plymouth Meeting, Philadelphia, PA 19462 USA
| | - Ebony N. Gary
- 0000 0001 1956 6678grid.251075.4Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Susanne N. Walker
- 0000 0001 1956 6678grid.251075.4Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Katherine Schultheis
- 0000 0004 0417 098Xgrid.421774.3Inovio Pharmaceuticals, Plymouth Meeting, Philadelphia, PA 19462 USA
| | - Mansi Purwar
- 0000 0001 1956 6678grid.251075.4Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Ziyang Xu
- 0000 0001 1956 6678grid.251075.4Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Jewell Walters
- 0000 0004 0417 098Xgrid.421774.3Inovio Pharmaceuticals, Plymouth Meeting, Philadelphia, PA 19462 USA
| | - Pratik Bhojnagarwala
- 0000 0001 1956 6678grid.251075.4Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Maria Yang
- 0000 0004 0417 098Xgrid.421774.3Inovio Pharmaceuticals, Plymouth Meeting, Philadelphia, PA 19462 USA
| | - Neethu Chokkalingam
- 0000 0001 1956 6678grid.251075.4Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Patrick Pezzoli
- 0000 0004 0417 098Xgrid.421774.3Inovio Pharmaceuticals, Plymouth Meeting, Philadelphia, PA 19462 USA
| | - Elizabeth Parzych
- 0000 0001 1956 6678grid.251075.4Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Emma L. Reuschel
- 0000 0001 1956 6678grid.251075.4Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Arthur Doan
- 0000 0004 0417 098Xgrid.421774.3Inovio Pharmaceuticals, Plymouth Meeting, Philadelphia, PA 19462 USA
| | - Nicholas Tursi
- 0000 0001 1956 6678grid.251075.4Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Miguel Vasquez
- 0000 0004 0417 098Xgrid.421774.3Inovio Pharmaceuticals, Plymouth Meeting, Philadelphia, PA 19462 USA
| | - Jihae Choi
- 0000 0001 1956 6678grid.251075.4Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Edgar Tello-Ruiz
- 0000 0001 1956 6678grid.251075.4Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Igor Maricic
- 0000 0004 0417 098Xgrid.421774.3Inovio Pharmaceuticals, Plymouth Meeting, Philadelphia, PA 19462 USA
| | - Mamadou A. Bah
- 0000 0001 1956 6678grid.251075.4Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Yuanhan Wu
- 0000 0001 1956 6678grid.251075.4Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Dinah Amante
- 0000 0004 0417 098Xgrid.421774.3Inovio Pharmaceuticals, Plymouth Meeting, Philadelphia, PA 19462 USA
| | - Daniel H. Park
- 0000 0001 1956 6678grid.251075.4Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Yaya Dia
- 0000 0001 1956 6678grid.251075.4Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Ali Raza Ali
- 0000 0001 1956 6678grid.251075.4Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Faraz I. Zaidi
- 0000 0001 1956 6678grid.251075.4Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Alison Generotti
- 0000 0004 0417 098Xgrid.421774.3Inovio Pharmaceuticals, Plymouth Meeting, Philadelphia, PA 19462 USA
| | - Kevin Y. Kim
- 0000 0001 1956 6678grid.251075.4Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Timothy A. Herring
- 0000 0004 0417 098Xgrid.421774.3Inovio Pharmaceuticals, Plymouth Meeting, Philadelphia, PA 19462 USA
| | - Sophia Reeder
- 0000 0001 1956 6678grid.251075.4Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Viviane M. Andrade
- 0000 0004 0417 098Xgrid.421774.3Inovio Pharmaceuticals, Plymouth Meeting, Philadelphia, PA 19462 USA
| | - Karen Buttigieg
- 0000 0004 5909 016Xgrid.271308.fNational Infection Service, Public Health England, Porton Down, Wiltshire, UK
| | - Gan Zhao
- Advaccine (Suzhou) Biopharmaceuticals Co., Ltd, Suzhou, China
| | - Jiun-Ming Wu
- Advaccine (Suzhou) Biopharmaceuticals Co., Ltd, Suzhou, China
| | - Dan Li
- 0000 0001 0125 2443grid.8547.eKey Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of MOH and MOE and Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Linlin Bao
- 0000 0001 0125 2443grid.8547.eKey Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of MOH and MOE and Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiangning Liu
- 0000 0001 0125 2443grid.8547.eKey Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of MOH and MOE and Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Deng
- 0000 0001 0125 2443grid.8547.eKey Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of MOH and MOE and Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chuan Qin
- 0000 0001 0125 2443grid.8547.eKey Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of MOH and MOE and Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ami Shah Brown
- 0000 0004 0417 098Xgrid.421774.3Inovio Pharmaceuticals, Plymouth Meeting, Philadelphia, PA 19462 USA
| | - Makan Khoshnejad
- 0000 0001 1956 6678grid.251075.4Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Nianshuang Wang
- 0000 0004 1936 9924grid.89336.37Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712 USA
| | - Jacqueline Chu
- 0000 0001 1956 6678grid.251075.4Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Daniel Wrapp
- 0000 0004 1936 9924grid.89336.37Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712 USA
| | - Jason S. McLellan
- 0000 0004 1936 9924grid.89336.37Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712 USA
| | - Kar Muthumani
- 0000 0001 1956 6678grid.251075.4Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Bin Wang
- 0000 0001 0125 2443grid.8547.eKey Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of MOH and MOE and Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Miles W. Carroll
- 0000 0004 5909 016Xgrid.271308.fNational Infection Service, Public Health England, Porton Down, Wiltshire, UK
| | - J. Joseph Kim
- 0000 0004 0417 098Xgrid.421774.3Inovio Pharmaceuticals, Plymouth Meeting, Philadelphia, PA 19462 USA
| | - Jean Boyer
- 0000 0004 0417 098Xgrid.421774.3Inovio Pharmaceuticals, Plymouth Meeting, Philadelphia, PA 19462 USA
| | - Daniel W. Kulp
- 0000 0001 1956 6678grid.251075.4Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Laurent M. P. F. Humeau
- 0000 0004 0417 098Xgrid.421774.3Inovio Pharmaceuticals, Plymouth Meeting, Philadelphia, PA 19462 USA
| | - David B. Weiner
- 0000 0001 1956 6678grid.251075.4Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Kate E. Broderick
- 0000 0004 0417 098Xgrid.421774.3Inovio Pharmaceuticals, Plymouth Meeting, Philadelphia, PA 19462 USA
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19
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Xu Z, Wise MC, Chokkalingam N, Walker S, Tello‐Ruiz E, Elliott STC, Perales‐Puchalt A, Xiao P, Zhu X, Pumroy RA, Fisher PD, Schultheis K, Schade E, Menis S, Guzman S, Andersen H, Broderick KE, Humeau LM, Muthumani K, Moiseenkova‐Bell V, Schief WR, Weiner DB, Kulp DW. In Vivo Assembly of Nanoparticles Achieved through Synergy of Structure-Based Protein Engineering and Synthetic DNA Generates Enhanced Adaptive Immunity. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2020; 7:1902802. [PMID: 32328416 PMCID: PMC7175333 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201902802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Revised: 12/28/2019] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Nanotechnologies are considered to be of growing importance to the vaccine field. Through decoration of immunogens on multivalent nanoparticles, designed nanovaccines can elicit improved humoral immunity. However, significant practical and monetary challenges in large-scale production of nanovaccines have impeded their widespread clinical translation. Here, an alternative approach is illustrated integrating computational protein modeling and adaptive electroporation-mediated synthetic DNA delivery, thus enabling direct in vivo production of nanovaccines. DNA-launched nanoparticles are demonstrated displaying an HIV immunogen spontaneously self-assembled in vivo. DNA-launched nanovaccines induce stronger humoral responses than their monomeric counterparts in both mice and guinea pigs, and uniquely elicit CD8+ effector T-cell immunity as compared to recombinant protein nanovaccines. Improvements in vaccine responses recapitulate when DNA-launched nanovaccines with alternative scaffolds and decorated antigen are designed and evaluated. Finally, evaluation of functional immune responses induced by DLnanovaccines demonstrates that, in comparison to control mice or mice immunized with DNA-encoded hemagglutinin monomer, mice immunized with a DNA-launched hemagglutinin nanoparticle vaccine fully survive a lethal influenza challenge, and have substantially lower viral load, weight loss, and influenza-induced lung pathology. Additional study of these next-generation in vivo-produced nanovaccines may offer advantages for immunization against multiple disease targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyang Xu
- The Vaccine and Immunotherapy CenterThe Wistar InstitutePhiladelphiaPA19104USA
- Department of PharmacologyPerelman School of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPA19104USA
| | - Megan C. Wise
- Inovio PharmaceuticalsPlymouth MeetingPhiladelphiaPA19422USA
| | - Neethu Chokkalingam
- The Vaccine and Immunotherapy CenterThe Wistar InstitutePhiladelphiaPA19104USA
| | - Susanne Walker
- The Vaccine and Immunotherapy CenterThe Wistar InstitutePhiladelphiaPA19104USA
| | - Edgar Tello‐Ruiz
- The Vaccine and Immunotherapy CenterThe Wistar InstitutePhiladelphiaPA19104USA
| | - Sarah T. C. Elliott
- The Vaccine and Immunotherapy CenterThe Wistar InstitutePhiladelphiaPA19104USA
| | | | - Peng Xiao
- The Vaccine and Immunotherapy CenterThe Wistar InstitutePhiladelphiaPA19104USA
| | - Xizhou Zhu
- The Vaccine and Immunotherapy CenterThe Wistar InstitutePhiladelphiaPA19104USA
| | - Ruth A. Pumroy
- Department of PharmacologyPerelman School of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPA19104USA
| | - Paul D. Fisher
- Inovio PharmaceuticalsPlymouth MeetingPhiladelphiaPA19422USA
| | | | - Eric Schade
- Inovio PharmaceuticalsPlymouth MeetingPhiladelphiaPA19422USA
| | - Sergey Menis
- Department of Immunology and MicrobiologyThe Scripps Research InstituteLa JollaCA92037USA
- IAVI Neutralizing Antibody CenterThe Scripps Research InstituteLa JollaCA92037USA
- Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Immunology and Immunogen DiscoveryThe Scripps Research InstituteLa JollaCA92037USA
| | - Stacy Guzman
- The Vaccine and Immunotherapy CenterThe Wistar InstitutePhiladelphiaPA19104USA
| | | | | | | | - Kar Muthumani
- The Vaccine and Immunotherapy CenterThe Wistar InstitutePhiladelphiaPA19104USA
| | - Vera Moiseenkova‐Bell
- Department of PharmacologyPerelman School of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPA19104USA
| | - William R. Schief
- Department of Immunology and MicrobiologyThe Scripps Research InstituteLa JollaCA92037USA
- IAVI Neutralizing Antibody CenterThe Scripps Research InstituteLa JollaCA92037USA
- Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Immunology and Immunogen DiscoveryThe Scripps Research InstituteLa JollaCA92037USA
- Ragon Institute of MGHMIT and HarvardCambridgeMA02139USA
| | - David B. Weiner
- The Vaccine and Immunotherapy CenterThe Wistar InstitutePhiladelphiaPA19104USA
| | - Daniel W. Kulp
- The Vaccine and Immunotherapy CenterThe Wistar InstitutePhiladelphiaPA19104USA
- Department of MicrobiologyPerelman School of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPA19104USA
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20
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Schommer NN, Nguyen J, Yung BS, Schultheis K, Muthumani K, Weiner DB, Humeau L, Broderick KE, Smith TRF. Active Immunoprophylaxis and Vaccine Augmentations Mediated by a Novel Plasmid DNA Formulation. Hum Gene Ther 2020; 30:523-533. [PMID: 30860399 PMCID: PMC6479233 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2018.241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasmid DNA (pDNA) gene delivery is a highly versatile technology that has the potential to address a multitude of unmet medical needs. Advances in pDNA delivery to host tissue with the employment of in vivo electroporation (EP) have led to significantly enhanced gene expression and the recent demonstration of clinical efficacy with the platform. Building upon this platform, this study reports that enzyme-mediated modification of the muscle tissue extracellular matrix structure at the site of pDNA delivery operates in a synergistic manner with EP to enhance both local and systemic gene expression further. Specifically, administration of chondroitinase ABC (Cho ABC) to the site of intramuscular delivery of pDNA led to transient disruption of chondroitin sulfate scaffolding barrier, permitting enhanced gene distribution and expression across the tissue. The employment of Cho ABC in combination with CELLECTRA® intramuscular EP resulted in increased gene expression by 5.5-fold in mice and 17.98-fold in rabbits. The study demonstrates how this protocol can be universally applied to an active prophylaxis platform to increase the in vivo production of functional immunoglobulin G, and to DNA vaccine protocols to permit drug dose sparing. The data indicate the Cho ABC formulation to be of significant value upon combination with EP to drive enhanced gene expression levels in pDNA delivery protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina N Schommer
- 1 Inovio Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Plymouth Meeting, Pennsylvania
| | - Jacklyn Nguyen
- 1 Inovio Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Plymouth Meeting, Pennsylvania
| | - Bryan S Yung
- 1 Inovio Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Plymouth Meeting, Pennsylvania
| | | | - Kar Muthumani
- 2 The Wistar Institute of Anatomy and Biology, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - David B Weiner
- 2 The Wistar Institute of Anatomy and Biology, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Laurent Humeau
- 1 Inovio Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Plymouth Meeting, Pennsylvania
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21
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Virnik K, Rosati M, Medvedev A, Scanlan A, Walsh G, Dayton F, Broderick KE, Lewis M, Bryson Y, Lifson JD, Ruprecht RM, Felber BK, Berkower I. Immunotherapy with DNA vaccine and live attenuated rubella/SIV gag vectors plus early ART can prevent SIVmac251 viral rebound in acutely infected rhesus macaques. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0228163. [PMID: 32130229 PMCID: PMC7055890 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0228163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Anti-retroviral therapy (ART) has been highly successful in controlling HIV replication, reducing viral burden, and preventing both progression to AIDS and viral transmission. Yet, ART alone cannot cure the infection. Even after years of successful therapy, ART withdrawal leads inevitably to viral rebound within a few weeks or months. Our hypothesis: effective therapy must control both the replicating virus pool and the reactivatable latent viral reservoir. To do this, we have combined ART and immunotherapy to attack both viral pools simultaneously. The vaccine regimen consisted of DNA vaccine expressing SIV Gag, followed by a boost with live attenuated rubella/gag vectors. The vectors grow well in rhesus macaques, and they are potent immunogens when used in a prime and boost strategy. We infected rhesus macaques by high dose mucosal challenge with virulent SIVmac251 and waited three days to allow viral dissemination and establishment of a reactivatable viral reservoir before starting ART. While on ART, the control group received control DNA and empty rubella vaccine, while the immunotherapy group received DNA/gag prime, followed by boosts with rubella vectors expressing SIV gag over 27 weeks. Both groups had a vaccine "take" to rubella, and the vaccine group developed antibodies and T cells specific for Gag. Five weeks after the last immunization, we stopped ART and monitored virus rebound. All four control animals eventually had a viral rebound, and two were euthanized for AIDS. One control macaque did not rebound until 2 years after ART release. In contrast, there was only one viral rebound in the vaccine group. Three out of four vaccinees had no viral rebound, even after CD8 depletion, and they remain in drug-free viral remission more than 2.5 years later. The strategy of early ART combined with immunotherapy can produce a sustained SIV remission in macaques and may be relevant for immunotherapy of HIV in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantin Virnik
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, Division of Viral Products, Office of Vaccines, Center for Biologics, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Margherita Rosati
- Human Retrovirus Section, Vaccine Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Alexei Medvedev
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, Division of Viral Products, Office of Vaccines, Center for Biologics, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Aaron Scanlan
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, Division of Viral Products, Office of Vaccines, Center for Biologics, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Gabrielle Walsh
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, Division of Viral Products, Office of Vaccines, Center for Biologics, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Frances Dayton
- Human Retrovirus Section, Vaccine Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Kate E. Broderick
- Inovio Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Plymouth Meeting, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Mark Lewis
- BioQual, Inc., Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Yvonne Bryson
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Disease, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey D. Lifson
- AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Ruth M. Ruprecht
- University of Louisiana at Lafayette, New Iberia Research Center, New Iberia, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Barbara K. Felber
- Human Retrovirus Pathogenesis Section, Vaccine Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Ira Berkower
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, Division of Viral Products, Office of Vaccines, Center for Biologics, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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22
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Thorne AH, Malo KN, Wong AJ, Nguyen TT, Cooch N, Reed C, Yan J, Broderick KE, Smith TRF, Masteller EL, Humeau L. Adjuvant Screen Identifies Synthetic DNA-Encoding Flt3L and CD80 Immunotherapeutics as Candidates for Enhancing Anti-tumor T Cell Responses. Front Immunol 2020; 11:327. [PMID: 32161596 PMCID: PMC7052369 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Overcoming tolerance to tumor-associated antigens remains a hurdle for cancer vaccine-based immunotherapy. A strategy to enhance the anti-tumor immune response is the inclusion of adjuvants to cancer vaccine protocols. In this report, we generated and systematically screened over twenty gene-based molecular adjuvants composed of cytokines, chemokines, and T cell co-stimulators for the ability to increase anti-tumor antigen T cell immunity. We identified several robust adjuvants whose addition to vaccine formulations resulted in enhanced T cell responses targeting the cancer antigens STEAP1 and TERT. We further characterized direct T cell stimulation through CD80-Fc and indirect T cell targeting via the dendritic cell activator Flt3L-Fc. Mechanistically, intramuscular delivery of Flt3L-Fc into mice was associated with a significant increase in infiltration of dendritic cells at the site of administration and trafficking of activated dendritic cells to the draining lymph node. Gene expression analysis of the muscle tissue confirmed a significant up-regulation in genes associated with dendritic cell signaling. Addition of CD80-Fc to STEAP1 vaccine formulation mimicked the engagement provided by DCs and increased T cell responses to STEAP1 by 8-fold, significantly increasing the frequency of antigen-specific cells expressing IFNγ, TNFα, and CD107a for both CD8+ and CD4+ T cells. CD80-Fc enhanced T cell responses to multiple tumor-associated antigens including Survivin and HPV, indicating its potential as a universal adjuvant for cancer vaccines. Together, the results of our study highlight the adjuvanting effect of T cell engagement either directly, CD80-Fc, or indirectly, Flt3L-Fc, for cancer vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ashley J. Wong
- Inovio Pharmaceuticals Inc., San Diego, CA, United States
| | | | - Neil Cooch
- Inovio Pharmaceuticals Inc., Plymouth, PA, United States
| | - Charles Reed
- Inovio Pharmaceuticals Inc., Plymouth, PA, United States
| | - Jian Yan
- Inovio Pharmaceuticals Inc., Plymouth, PA, United States
| | | | | | | | - Laurent Humeau
- Inovio Pharmaceuticals Inc., San Diego, CA, United States,*Correspondence: Laurent Humeau
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23
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Wang Y, Esquivel R, Flingai S, Schiller ZA, Kern A, Agarwal S, Chu J, Patel A, Sullivan K, Wise MC, Broderick KE, Hu L, Weiner DB, Klempner MS. Anti-OspA DNA-Encoded Monoclonal Antibody Prevents Transmission of Spirochetes in Tick Challenge Providing Sterilizing Immunity in Mice. J Infect Dis 2020; 219:1146-1150. [PMID: 30476132 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiy627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We recently developed anti-OspA human immunoglobulin G1 monoclonal antibodies (HuMAbs) that are effective in preventing Borrelia transmission from ticks in a murine model. Here, we investigated a novel approach of DNA-mediated gene transfer of HuMAbs that provide protection against Lyme disease. Plasmid DNA-encoded anti-OspA HuMAbs inoculated in mice achieved a serum antibody concentration of >6 μg/mL. Among mice injected with DNA-encoded monoclonal antibodies, 75%-77% were protected against an acute challenge by Borrelia-infected ticks. Our results represent the first demonstration of employing DNA transfer as a delivery system for antibodies that block transmission of Borrelia in animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wang
- MassBiologics of University of Massachusetts Medical School, Boston
| | - Rianne Esquivel
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Seleeke Flingai
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | | | - Aurélie Kern
- Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Sangya Agarwal
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Jacqueline Chu
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Ami Patel
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | | | - Megan C Wise
- Inovio Pharmaceuticals, Plymouth Meeting, Pennsylvania
| | | | - Linden Hu
- Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - David B Weiner
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Mark S Klempner
- MassBiologics of University of Massachusetts Medical School, Boston
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Patel A, Park DH, Davis CW, Smith TRF, Leung A, Tierney K, Bryan A, Davidson E, Yu X, Racine T, Reed C, Gorman ME, Wise MC, Elliott STC, Esquivel R, Yan J, Chen J, Muthumani K, Doranz BJ, Saphire EO, Crowe JE, Broderick KE, Kobinger GP, He S, Qiu X, Kobasa D, Humeau L, Sardesai NY, Ahmed R, Weiner DB. In Vivo Delivery of Synthetic Human DNA-Encoded Monoclonal Antibodies Protect against Ebolavirus Infection in a Mouse Model. Cell Rep 2019; 25:1982-1993.e4. [PMID: 30428362 PMCID: PMC6319964 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.10.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2018] [Revised: 08/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Synthetically engineered DNA-encoded monoclonal antibodies (DMAbs) are an in vivo platform for evaluation and delivery of human mAb to control against infectious disease. Here, we engineer DMAbs encoding potent anti-Zaire ebolavirus (EBOV) glycoprotein (GP) mAbs isolated from Ebola virus disease survivors. We demonstrate the development of a human IgG1 DMAb platform for in vivo EBOV-GP mAb delivery and evaluation in a mouse model. Using this approach, we show that DMAb-11 and DMAb-34 exhibit functional and molecular profiles comparable to recombinant mAb, have a wide window of expression, and provide rapid protection against lethal mouse-adapted EBOV challenge. The DMAb platform represents a simple, rapid, and reproducible approach for evaluating the activity of mAb during clinical development. DMAbs have the potential to be a mAb delivery system, which may be advantageous for protection against highly pathogenic infectious diseases, like EBOV, in resource-limited and other challenging settings. Monoclonal antibodies are an important approach for emerging infectious disease prevention. Patel et al. demonstrate engineering and in vivo delivery of DNA-encoded monoclonal antibodies (DMAbs) targeting the Zaire ebolavirus (EBOV) glycoprotein. DMAbs protect against lethal mouse-adapted EBOV and are useful for rapid evaluation of fully human mAbs in live animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ami Patel
- The Wistar Institute of Anatomy and Biology, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Daniel H Park
- The Wistar Institute of Anatomy and Biology, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Carl W Davis
- Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30317, USA
| | | | - Anders Leung
- Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3R2, Canada
| | - Kevin Tierney
- Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3R2, Canada
| | | | | | - Xiaoying Yu
- The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Trina Racine
- Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3R2, Canada; University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Charles Reed
- Inovio Pharmaceuticals, Plymouth Meeting, PA 19462, USA
| | - Marguerite E Gorman
- The Wistar Institute of Anatomy and Biology, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Boston College, Newton, MA 02467, USA
| | - Megan C Wise
- Inovio Pharmaceuticals, Plymouth Meeting, PA 19462, USA
| | - Sarah T C Elliott
- The Wistar Institute of Anatomy and Biology, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Rianne Esquivel
- The Wistar Institute of Anatomy and Biology, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jian Yan
- Inovio Pharmaceuticals, Plymouth Meeting, PA 19462, USA
| | - Jing Chen
- Inovio Pharmaceuticals, Plymouth Meeting, PA 19462, USA
| | - Kar Muthumani
- The Wistar Institute of Anatomy and Biology, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Shihua He
- Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3R2, Canada
| | - Xiangguo Qiu
- Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3R2, Canada; University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Darwyn Kobasa
- Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3R2, Canada; University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
| | | | | | - Rafi Ahmed
- Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30317, USA
| | - David B Weiner
- The Wistar Institute of Anatomy and Biology, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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25
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Choi H, Kudchodkar SB, Reuschel EL, Asija K, Borole P, Agarwal S, Van Gorder L, Reed CC, Gulendran G, Ramos S, Broderick KE, Kim JJ, Ugen KE, Kobinger G, Siegel DL, Weiner DB, Muthumani K. Synthetic nucleic acid antibody prophylaxis confers rapid and durable protective immunity against Zika virus challenge. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2019; 16:907-918. [PMID: 31799896 PMCID: PMC7227701 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2019.1688038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Significant concerns have arisen over the past 3 y from the increased global spread of the mosquito-borne flavivirus, Zika. Accompanying this spread has been an increase in cases of the devastating birth defect microcephaly as well as of Guillain-Barré syndrome in adults in many affected countries. Currently there is no vaccine or therapy for this infection; however, we sought to develop a combination approach that provides more rapid and durable protection than traditional vaccination alone. A novel immune-based prophylaxis/therapy strategy entailing the facilitated delivery of a synthetic DNA consensus prME vaccine along with DNA-encoded anti-ZIKV envelope monoclonal antibodies (dMAb) were developed and evaluated for antiviral efficacy. This immediate and persistent protection strategy confers the ability to overcome shortcomings inherent with conventional active vaccination or passive immunotherapy. A collection of novel dMAbs were developed which were potent against ZIKV and could be expressed in serum within 24-48 h of in vivo administration. The DNA vaccine, from a previous development, was potent after adaptive immunity was developed, protecting against infection, brain and testes pathology in relevant mouse challenge models and in an NHP challenge. Delivery of potent dMAbs protected mice from the same murine viral challenge within days of delivery. Combined injection of dMAb and the DNA vaccine afforded rapid and long-lived protection in this challenge model, providing an important demonstration of the advantage of this synergistic approach to pandemic outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeree Choi
- Vaccine & Immunotherapy Center, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Emma L. Reuschel
- Vaccine & Immunotherapy Center, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kanika Asija
- Vaccine & Immunotherapy Center, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Piyush Borole
- Vaccine & Immunotherapy Center, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sangya Agarwal
- Vaccine & Immunotherapy Center, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Lucas Van Gorder
- Vaccine & Immunotherapy Center, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Gayathri Gulendran
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, PA, USA
| | | | | | - J Joseph Kim
- R&D, Inovio Pharmaceuticals, Plymouth Meeting, PA, USA
| | - Kenneth E. Ugen
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA
| | | | - Don L. Siegel
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, PA, USA
| | - David B. Weiner
- Vaccine & Immunotherapy Center, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kar Muthumani
- Vaccine & Immunotherapy Center, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA,CONTACT Kar Muthumani Vaccine & Immunotherapy Center, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Rohilla P, Rane YS, Lawal I, Le Blanc A, Davis J, Thomas JB, Weeks C, Tran W, Fisher P, Broderick KE, Simmons JA, Marston JO. Characterization of jets for impulsively-started needle-free jet injectors: Influence of fluid properties. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2019.101167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Simmons JA, Davis J, Thomas J, Lopez J, Le Blanc A, Allison H, Slook H, Lewis P, Holtz J, Fisher P, Broderick KE, Marston JO. Characterization of skin blebs from intradermal jet injection: Ex-vivo studies. J Control Release 2019; 307:200-210. [PMID: 31252035 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2019.06.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Revised: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents results from an ex-vivo study of intradermal jet injections, which is an attractive method to achieve both needle-free and fractional dose delivery of vaccines. Due to the fact that fluid properties of many novel therapeutics and vaccines can vary significantly, a key parameter for our study is the fluid viscosity, whilst the main focus is on determining the best correlation between the delivered volume and geometrical dimensions of the fluid deposit. For this we use a combination of top-view (skin wheal), underside (below the dermis), and cross-section (true skin bleb) perspectives and find that the top-view alone, as done in clinical practice, is insufficient to estimate the volume deposited in the dermis. Overall, the best correlation is found between the injection volume and cross-sectional diameter, however there is significant variation amongst the different fluids. For mean injection volumes of 60 μL the mean bleb diameter is ≈8 mm, with mean aspect ratio h¯/d=0.38, indicating the blebs are mostly oblate. However, the shape varies with viscosity and the higher viscosity does not spread laterally to the same degree as lower viscosity fluids. In addition, our high-speed video observations of the injection process, reveal some interesting dynamics of the jet injection method, and we modeled the bleb growth with an exponential saturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan A Simmons
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, United States of America; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, United States of America
| | - Justin Davis
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, United States of America
| | - James Thomas
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, United States of America
| | - Juan Lopez
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, United States of America
| | - Andrew Le Blanc
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, United States of America
| | - Haley Allison
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, United States of America
| | - Haley Slook
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, United States of America
| | - Paul Lewis
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, United States of America
| | - Joshua Holtz
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, United States of America
| | - Paul Fisher
- Inovio Pharmaceuticals, 10480 Wateridge Circle, San Diego, CA 92121, United States of America
| | - Kate E Broderick
- Inovio Pharmaceuticals, 10480 Wateridge Circle, San Diego, CA 92121, United States of America
| | - Jeremy O Marston
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, United States of America.
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Jiang J, Banglore P, Cashman KA, Schmaljohn CS, Schultheis K, Pugh H, Nguyen J, Humeau LM, Broderick KE, Ramos SJ. Immunogenicity of a protective intradermal DNA vaccine against lassa virus in cynomolgus macaques. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2019; 15:2066-2074. [PMID: 31071008 PMCID: PMC6773375 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2019.1616499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Lassa virus (LASV) is a hemorrhagic fever virus of the Arenaviridae family with high rates of mortality and co-morbidities, including chronic seizures and permanent bilateral or unilateral deafness. LASV is endemic in West Africa and Lassa fever accounts for 10-16% of hospitalizations annually in parts of Sierra Leone and Liberia according to the CDC. An ongoing outbreak in Nigeria has resulted in 144 deaths in 568 cases confirmed as LASV as of November 2018, with many more suspected, highlighting the urgent need for a vaccine to prevent this severe disease. We previously reported on a DNA vaccine encoding a codon-optimized LASV glycoprotein precursor gene, pLASV-GPC, which completely protects Guinea pigs and nonhuman primates (NHPs) against viremia, clinical disease, and death following lethal LASV challenge. Herein we report on the immunogenicity profile of the LASV DNA vaccine in protected NHPs. Antigen-specific binding antibodies were generated in 100% (6/6) NHPs after two immunizations with pLASV-GPC. These antibodies bound predominantly to the assembled LASV glycoprotein complex and had robust neutralizing activity in a pseudovirus assay. pLASV-GPC DNA-immunized NHPs (5/6) also developed T cell responses as measured by IFNγ ELISpot assay. These results revealed that the pLASV-GPC DNA vaccine is capable of generating functional, LASV-specific T cell and antibody responses, and the assays developed in this study will provide a framework to identify correlates of protection and characterize immune responses in future clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Jiang
- Research & Development, Inovio Pharmaceuticals Inc, Plymouth Meeting, PA, USA
| | - Preeti Banglore
- Research & Development, Inovio Pharmaceuticals Inc, Plymouth Meeting, PA, USA
| | - Kathleen A. Cashman
- Virology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, MD, USA
| | - Connie S. Schmaljohn
- Office of the Chief Scientists, U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, MD, USA
| | | | - Holly Pugh
- Research & Development, Inovio Pharmaceuticals Inc, Plymouth Meeting, PA, USA
| | - Jacklyn Nguyen
- Research & Development, Inovio Pharmaceuticals Inc, Plymouth Meeting, PA, USA
| | - Laurent M. Humeau
- Research & Development, Inovio Pharmaceuticals Inc, Plymouth Meeting, PA, USA
| | - Kate E. Broderick
- Research & Development, Inovio Pharmaceuticals Inc, Plymouth Meeting, PA, USA
| | - Stephanie J. Ramos
- Research & Development, Inovio Pharmaceuticals Inc, Plymouth Meeting, PA, USA,CONTACT Stephanie J. Ramos 10480 Wateridge Circle, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
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29
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Jiang J, Ramos SJ, Bangalore P, Fisher P, Germar K, Lee BK, Williamson D, Kemme A, Schade E, McCoy J, Muthumani K, Weiner DB, Humeau LM, Broderick KE. Integration of needle-free jet injection with advanced electroporation delivery enhances the magnitude, kinetics, and persistence of engineered DNA vaccine induced immune responses. Vaccine 2019; 37:3832-3839. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2019.05.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Revised: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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30
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Tebas P, Kraynyak KA, Patel A, Maslow JN, Morrow MP, Sylvester AJ, Knoblock D, Gillespie E, Amante D, Racine T, McMullan T, Jeong M, Roberts CC, Park YK, Boyer J, Broderick KE, Kobinger GP, Bagarazzi M, Weiner DB, Sardesai NY, White SM. Intradermal SynCon® Ebola GP DNA Vaccine Is Temperature Stable and Safely Demonstrates Cellular and Humoral Immunogenicity Advantages in Healthy Volunteers. J Infect Dis 2019; 220:400-410. [DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiz132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractBackgroundNonlive vaccine approaches that are simple to deliver and stable at room temperature or 2–8°C could be advantageous in controlling future Ebola virus (EBOV) outbreaks. Using an immunopotent DNA vaccine that generates protection from lethal EBOV challenge in small animals and nonhuman primates, we performed a clinical study to evaluate both intramuscular (IM) and novel intradermal (ID) DNA delivery.MethodsTwo DNA vaccine candidates (INO-4201 and INO-4202) targeting the EBOV glycoprotein (GP) were evaluated for safety, tolerability, and immunogenicity in a phase 1 clinical trial. The candidates were evaluated alone, together, or in combination with plasmid-encoded human cytokine interleukin-12 followed by in vivo electroporation using either the CELLECTRA® IM or ID delivery devices.ResultsThe safety profile of all 5 regimens was shown to be benign, with the ID route being better tolerated. Antibodies to EBOV GP were generated by all 5 regimens with the fastest and steepest rise observed in the ID group. Cellular immune responses were generated with every regimen.ConclusionsID delivery of INO-4201 was well tolerated and resulted in 100% seroreactivity after 2 doses and elicited interferon-γ T-cell responses in over 70% of subjects, providing a new approach for EBOV prevention in diverse populations.Clinical Trials Registration. NCT02464670.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ami Patel
- The Wistar Institute of Anatomy and Biology, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Dinah Amante
- Inovio Pharmaceuticals, Plymouth Meeting, Pennsylvania
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Jean Boyer
- Inovio Pharmaceuticals, Plymouth Meeting, Pennsylvania
| | | | | | | | - David B Weiner
- The Wistar Institute of Anatomy and Biology, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | | | - Scott M White
- Inovio Pharmaceuticals, Plymouth Meeting, Pennsylvania
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31
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Yan J, Morrow MP, Chu JS, Racine T, Reed CC, Khan AS, Broderick KE, Kim JJ, Kobinger GP, Sardesai NY, Weiner DB. Broad cross-protective anti-hemagglutination responses elicited by influenza microconsensus DNA vaccine. Vaccine 2019; 36:3079-3089. [PMID: 29100705 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2017.09.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Revised: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 09/28/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Despite the routine development and distribution of seasonal influenza vaccines, influenza remains an important pathogen contributing to significant human morbidity as well as mortality each year. The seasonal variability of influenza creates a significant issue for vaccine development of seasonal strains that can afford protection from infection or disease based on serotype matching. It is appreciated that the globular head of the HA antigen contained in the vaccines generates antibodies that result in HAI activity that are a major correlates of the protection against a particular strain. Due to seasonal genetic changes in the HA protein, however, new vaccine strains are needed to be developed continually to match the new HA antigen of that seasons virus. A distinct advantage in seasonal vaccine development would be if a small group of antigens could be developed that could span many seasons without needed to be replaced due to this genetic drift. Here we report on a synthetic microconsensus approach that relies on a small collection of 4 synthetic H1HA DNA antigens which together induce broad protective HAI immunity spanning decades of H1 influenza viruses in mice, guinea pigs and non-human primates. The protective HAI titers induced by microconsensus immunogens are fully functional in vivo as immunized ferrets were completely protected from A/Mexico/InDRE4487/2009 virus infection and morbidity associated with lethal challenge. These results are encouraging that a limited easy-to-formulate collection of invariant antigens can be developed which can span seasonal vaccine changes allowing for continued immune protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Yan
- Inovio Pharmaceuticals Inc, 660 W. Germantown Pike, Suite 110, Plymouth Meeting, PA 19462, USA
| | - Matthew P Morrow
- Inovio Pharmaceuticals Inc, 660 W. Germantown Pike, Suite 110, Plymouth Meeting, PA 19462, USA
| | - Jaemi S Chu
- The Wistar Institute of Anatomy & Biology, 3601 Spruce St, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Trina Racine
- Special Pathogens Program, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Charles C Reed
- Inovio Pharmaceuticals Inc, 660 W. Germantown Pike, Suite 110, Plymouth Meeting, PA 19462, USA
| | - Amir S Khan
- Inovio Pharmaceuticals Inc, 660 W. Germantown Pike, Suite 110, Plymouth Meeting, PA 19462, USA
| | - Kate E Broderick
- Inovio Pharmaceuticals Inc, 660 W. Germantown Pike, Suite 110, Plymouth Meeting, PA 19462, USA
| | - J Joseph Kim
- Inovio Pharmaceuticals Inc, 660 W. Germantown Pike, Suite 110, Plymouth Meeting, PA 19462, USA
| | - Gary P Kobinger
- Special Pathogens Program, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Niranjan Y Sardesai
- Inovio Pharmaceuticals Inc, 660 W. Germantown Pike, Suite 110, Plymouth Meeting, PA 19462, USA
| | - David B Weiner
- The Wistar Institute of Anatomy & Biology, 3601 Spruce St, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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32
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Schultheis K, Schaefer H, Pugh HM, Yung BS, Oh J, Nguyen J, Humeau L, Broderick KE, Smith TRF. Optimized Interferon-gamma ELISpot Assay to Measure T Cell Responses in the Guinea Pig Model after Vaccination. J Vis Exp 2019. [PMID: 30735179 DOI: 10.3791/58595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The guinea pig has played a pivotal role as a relevant small animal model in the development of vaccines for infectious diseases such as tuberculosis, influenza, diphtheria, and viral hemorrhagic fevers. We have demonstrated that plasmid-DNA (pDNA) vaccine delivery into the skin elicits robust humoral responses in the guinea pig. However, the use of this animal to model immune responses was somewhat limited in the past due to the lack of available reagents and protocols to study T cell responses. T cells play a pivotal role in both immunoprophylactic and immunotherapeutic mechanisms. Understanding T cell responses is crucial for the development of infectious disease and oncology vaccines and accommodating delivery devices. Here we describe an interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) enzyme-linked immunospot (ELISpot) assay for guinea pig peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). The assay enables researchers to characterize vaccine-specific T-cell responses in this important rodent model. The ability to assay cells isolated from the peripheral blood provides the opportunity to track immunogenicity in individual animals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hubert Schaefer
- Mycotic and Parasitic Agents and Mycobacteria, Robert Koch Institute
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33
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Duperret EK, Trautz A, Stoltz R, Patel A, Wise MC, Perales-Puchalt A, Smith T, Broderick KE, Masteller E, Kim J, Humeau L, Muthumani K, Weiner DB. Synthetic DNA-Encoded Monoclonal Antibody Delivery of Anti-CTLA-4 Antibodies Induces Tumor Shrinkage In Vivo. Cancer Res 2018; 78:6363-6370. [PMID: 30287678 PMCID: PMC6239932 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-18-1429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Revised: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Antibody-based immune therapies targeting the T-cell checkpoint molecules CTLA-4 and PD-1 have affected cancer therapy. However, this immune therapy requires complex manufacturing and frequent dosing, limiting the global use of this treatment. Here, we focused on the development of a DNA-encoded monoclonal antibody (DMAb) approach for delivery of anti-CTLA-4 monoclonal antibodies in vivo With this technology, engineered and formulated DMAb plasmids encoding IgG inserts were directly injected into muscle and delivered intracellularly by electroporation, leading to in vivo expression and secretion of the encoded IgG. DMAb expression from a single dose can continue for several months without the need for repeated administration. Delivery of an optimized DMAb encoding anti-mouse CTLA-4 IgG resulted in high serum levels of the antibody as well as tumor regression in Sa1N and CT26 tumor models. DNA-delivery of the anti-human CTLA-4 antibodies ipilimumab and tremelimumab in mice achieved potent peak levels of approximately 85 and 58 μg/mL, respectively. These DMAb exhibited prolonged expression, with maintenance of serum levels at or above 15 μg/mL for over a year. Anti-human CTLA-4 DMAbs produced in vivo bound to human CTLA-4 protein expressed on stimulated human peripheral blood mononuclear cells and induced T-cell activation in a functional assay ex vivo In summary, direct in vivo expression of DMAb encoding checkpoint inhibitors serves as a novel tool for immunotherapy that could significantly improve availability and provide broader access to such therapies.Significance: DNA-encoded monoclonal antibodies represent a novel technology for delivery and expression of immune checkpoint blockade antibodies, thus expanding patient access to, and possible clinical applications of, these therapies. Cancer Res; 78(22); 6363-70. ©2018 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aspen Trautz
- The Wistar Institute, Vaccine & Immunotherapy Center, Philadelphia PA
| | - Regina Stoltz
- The Wistar Institute, Vaccine & Immunotherapy Center, Philadelphia PA
| | - Ami Patel
- The Wistar Institute, Vaccine & Immunotherapy Center, Philadelphia PA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Kar Muthumani
- The Wistar Institute, Vaccine & Immunotherapy Center, Philadelphia PA
| | - David B. Weiner
- The Wistar Institute, Vaccine & Immunotherapy Center, Philadelphia PA,Corresponding author: David B. Weiner, Vaccine & Immunotherapy Center, The Wistar Institute, 3601 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104,
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Patel A, Reuschel EL, Kraynyak KA, Racine T, Park DH, Scott VL, Audet J, Amante D, Wise MC, Keaton AA, Wong G, Villarreal DO, Walters J, Muthumani K, Shedlock DJ, de La Vega MA, Plyler R, Boyer J, Broderick KE, Yan J, Khan AS, Jones S, Bello A, Soule G, Tran KN, He S, Tierney K, Qiu X, Kobinger GP, Sardesai NY, Weiner DB. Protective Efficacy and Long-Term Immunogenicity in Cynomolgus Macaques by Ebola Virus Glycoprotein Synthetic DNA Vaccines. J Infect Dis 2018; 219:544-555. [DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiy537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
There remains an important need for prophylactic anti-Ebola virus vaccine candidates that elicit long-lasting immune responses and can be delivered to vulnerable populations that are unable to receive live-attenuated or viral vector vaccines.
Methods
We designed novel synthetic anti-Ebola virus glycoprotein (EBOV-GP) DNA vaccines as a strategy to expand protective breadth against diverse EBOV strains and evaluated the impact of vaccine dosing and route of administration on protection against lethal EBOV-Makona challenge in cynomolgus macaques. Long-term immunogenicity was monitored in nonhuman primates for >1 year, followed by a 12-month boost.
Results
Multiple-injection regimens of the EBOV-GP DNA vaccine, delivered by intramuscular administration followed by electroporation, were 100% protective against lethal EBOV-Makona challenge. Impressively, 2 injections of a simple, more tolerable, and dose-sparing intradermal administration followed by electroporation generated strong immunogenicity and was 100% protective against lethal challenge. In parallel, we observed that EBOV-GP DNA vaccination induced long-term immune responses in macaques that were detectable for at least 1 year after final vaccination and generated a strong recall response after the final boost.
Conclusions
These data support that this simple intradermal-administered, serology-independent approach is likely important for additional study towards the goal of induction of anti-EBOV immunity in multiple at-risk populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ami Patel
- The Wistar Institute of Anatomy and Biology, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Emma L Reuschel
- The Wistar Institute of Anatomy and Biology, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | | | - Trina Racine
- Special Pathogens Program, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Daniel H Park
- The Wistar Institute of Anatomy and Biology, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Veronica L Scott
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, William Carey University, Hattiesburg, Mississippi
| | - Jonathan Audet
- Special Pathogens Program, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Dinah Amante
- Inovio Pharmaceuticals Inc., Plymouth Meeting, Pennsylvania
| | - Megan C Wise
- Inovio Pharmaceuticals Inc., Plymouth Meeting, Pennsylvania
| | - Amelia A Keaton
- The Wistar Institute of Anatomy and Biology, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Gary Wong
- Special Pathogens Program, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | | | - Jewell Walters
- Inovio Pharmaceuticals Inc., Plymouth Meeting, Pennsylvania
| | - Kar Muthumani
- The Wistar Institute of Anatomy and Biology, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | | | - Marc-Antoine de La Vega
- Special Pathogens Program, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | | | - Jean Boyer
- Inovio Pharmaceuticals Inc., Plymouth Meeting, Pennsylvania
| | | | - Jian Yan
- Inovio Pharmaceuticals Inc., Plymouth Meeting, Pennsylvania
| | - Amir S Khan
- Inovio Pharmaceuticals Inc., Plymouth Meeting, Pennsylvania
| | - Shane Jones
- Special Pathogens Program, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Alexander Bello
- Special Pathogens Program, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Geoff Soule
- Special Pathogens Program, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Kaylie N Tran
- Special Pathogens Program, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Shihua He
- Special Pathogens Program, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Kevin Tierney
- Special Pathogens Program, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Xiangguo Qiu
- Special Pathogens Program, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Gary P Kobinger
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
- Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | | | - David B Weiner
- The Wistar Institute of Anatomy and Biology, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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Elliott ST, Keaton AA, Chu JD, Reed CC, Garman B, Patel A, Yan J, Broderick KE, Weiner DB. A Synthetic Micro-Consensus DNA Vaccine Generates Comprehensive Influenza A H3N2 Immunity and Protects Mice Against Lethal Challenge by Multiple H3N2 Viruses. Hum Gene Ther 2018; 29:1044-1055. [PMID: 30062926 PMCID: PMC6152850 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2018.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Influenza A H3N2 viruses circulate globally, leading to substantial morbidity and mortality. Commercially available, antigen-matched influenza vaccines must be updated frequently to match dynamic sequence variability in immune epitopes, especially within viral influenza A H3N2 hemagglutinin (H3). In an effort to create comprehensive immune responses against H3N2, four micro-consensus antigens were designed to mimic the sequence and antigenic diversity of H3. Synthetic plasmid DNA constructs were developed to express each micro-consensus immunogen and combined into a multi-antigen DNA vaccine cocktail, pH3HA. Facilitated delivery of pH3HA via intramuscular electroporation in mice induced comprehensive, potent humoral responses against diverse seasonal H3N2 viruses that circulated between 1968 and the present. Vaccination with pH3HA also induced an antigen-specific cellular cytokine response. Mice immunized with pH3HA were protected against lethal challenge using two distinct H3N2 viruses, highlighting the heterologous protection afforded by synthetic micro-consensus immunogens. These findings warrant further study of the DNA vaccine micro-consensus platform for broad protection against influenza viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amelia A. Keaton
- The Wistar Institute of Anatomy and Biology, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Jacqueline D. Chu
- The Wistar Institute of Anatomy and Biology, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | | | | | - Ami Patel
- The Wistar Institute of Anatomy and Biology, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Jian Yan
- Inovio Pharmaceuticals, Plymouth Meeting, Pennsylvania
| | | | - David B. Weiner
- The Wistar Institute of Anatomy and Biology, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Correspondence: Dr. David B. Weiner, The Wistar Institute of Anatomy and Biology, 3601 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104.
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Schultheis K, Smith TRF, Kiosses WB, Kraynyak KA, Wong A, Oh J, Broderick KE. Delineating the Cellular Mechanisms Associated with Skin Electroporation. Hum Gene Ther Methods 2018; 29:177-188. [PMID: 29953259 DOI: 10.1089/hgtb.2017.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The immune responses elicited following delivery of DNA vaccines to the skin has previously been shown to be significantly enhanced by the addition of electroporation (EP) to the treatment protocol. Principally, EP increases the transfection of plasmid DNA (pDNA) into the resident skin cells. In addition to increasing the levels of in vivo transfection, the physical insult induced by EP is associated with activation of innate pathways which are believed to mediate an adjuvant effect, further enhancing DNA vaccine responses. We investigated the possible mechanisms associated with this adjuvant effect, primarily focusing on the cell death pathways associated with the skin EP procedure independent of pDNA delivery. Using the minimally invasive CELLECTRA®-3P intradermal electroporation device that penetrates the epidermal and dermal layers of the skin, we have investigated apoptotic and necrotic cell death in relation to the vicinity of the electrode needles and electric field generated. Employing the well-established terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase nick-end labeling assay, we detected apoptosis beginning as early as one hour after EP and peaking at the 4 h time point. The majority of the apoptotic events were detected in the epidermal region directly adjacent to the electrode needle. Using a novel propidium iodide in vivo necrotic cell death assay, we detected necrotic events concentrated in the epidermal region adjacent to the electrode. Furthermore, we detected upregulation of calreticulin expression on skin cells after EP, thus labeling these cells for uptake by dendritic cells and macrophages. These results allow us to delineate the cell death mechanisms occurring in the skin following intradermal EP independently of pDNA delivery. We believe these events contribute to the adjuvant effect observed following electroporation at the skin treatment site.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - William B Kiosses
- 2 The Scripps Research Institute , Core Microscopy Facility, La Jolla, California
| | | | - Amelia Wong
- 1 Inovio Pharmaceuticals, Inc. , Plymouth Meeting, Pennsylvania
| | - Janet Oh
- 1 Inovio Pharmaceuticals, Inc. , Plymouth Meeting, Pennsylvania
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Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a massive medical burden on a global scale. Infants, children and the elderly represent the vulnerable populations. Currently there is no approved vaccine to protect against the disease. Vaccine development has been hindered by several factors including vaccine enhanced disease (VED) associated with formalin-inactivated RSV vaccines, inability of target populations to raise protective immune responses after vaccination or natural viral infection, and a lack of consensus concerning the most appropriate virus-associated target antigen. However, with recent advances in the molecular understanding of the virus, and design of highly characterized vaccines with enhanced immunogenicity there is new belief a RSV vaccine is possible. One promising approach is nucleic acid-based vaccinology. Both DNA and mRNA RSV vaccines are showing promising results in clinically relevant animal models, supporting their transition into humans. Here we will discuss this strategy to target RSV, and the ongoing studies to advance the nucleic acid vaccine platform as a viable option to protect vulnerable populations from this important disease.
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Hu X, Lu Z, Valentin A, Rosati M, Broderick KE, Sardesai NY, Marx PA, Mullins JI, Pavlakis GN, Felber BK. Gag and env conserved element CE DNA vaccines elicit broad cytotoxic T cell responses targeting subdominant epitopes of HIV and SIV Able to recognize virus-infected cells in macaques. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2018; 14:2163-2177. [PMID: 29939820 PMCID: PMC6183272 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2018.1489949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
HIV sequence diversity and the propensity of eliciting immunodominant responses targeting inessential variable regions are hurdles in the development of an effective AIDS vaccine. We developed a DNA vaccine comprising conserved elements (CE) of SIV p27Gag and HIV-1 Env and found that priming vaccination with CE DNA is critical to efficiently overcome the dominance imposed by Gag and Env variable regions. Here, we show that DNA vaccinated macaques receiving the CE prime/CE+full-length DNA co-delivery booster vaccine regimens developed broad, potent and durable cytotoxic T cell responses targeting conserved protein segments of SIV Gag and HIV Env. Gag CE-specific T cells showed robust anamnestic responses upon infection with SIVmac239 which led to the identification of CE-specific cytotoxic lymphocytes able to recognize epitopes covering distinct CE on the surface of SIV infected cells in vivo. Though not controlling infection overall, we found an inverse correlation between Gag CE-specific CD8+ T cell responses and peak viremia. The T cell responses induced by the HIV Env CE immunogen were recalled in some animals upon SIV infection, leading to the identification of two cross-reactive epitopes between HIV and SIV Env based in sequence homology. These data demonstrate that a vaccine combining Gag and Env CE DNA subverted the normal immunodominance patterns, eliciting immune responses that included subdominant, highly conserved epitopes. These vaccine regimens augment cytotoxic T cell responses to highly conserved epitopes in the viral proteome and maximize response breadth. The vaccine-induced CE-specific T cells were expanded upon SIV infection, indicating that the predicted CE epitopes incorporated in the DNA vaccine are processed and exposed by infected cells in their natural context within the viral proteome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xintao Hu
- a Human Retrovirus Pathogenesis Section, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute at Frederick , Frederick , MD , USA
| | - Zhongyan Lu
- a Human Retrovirus Pathogenesis Section, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute at Frederick , Frederick , MD , USA
| | - Antonio Valentin
- b Human Retrovirus Section, Vaccine Branch, Center for Cancer Research , National Cancer Institute at Frederick , Frederick, Frederick , MD , USA
| | - Margherita Rosati
- b Human Retrovirus Section, Vaccine Branch, Center for Cancer Research , National Cancer Institute at Frederick , Frederick, Frederick , MD , USA
| | | | | | - Preston A Marx
- d Tulane National Primate Research Center and Department of Tropical Medicine, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine , Tulane University , New Orleans , LA , USA
| | - James I Mullins
- e Departments of Microbiology, Medicine and Laboratory Medicine , University of Washington , Seattle , WA , USA
| | - George N Pavlakis
- b Human Retrovirus Section, Vaccine Branch, Center for Cancer Research , National Cancer Institute at Frederick , Frederick, Frederick , MD , USA
| | - Barbara K Felber
- a Human Retrovirus Pathogenesis Section, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute at Frederick , Frederick , MD , USA
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Hu X, Valentin A, Cai Y, Dayton F, Rosati M, Ramírez-Salazar EG, Kulkarni V, Broderick KE, Sardesai NY, Wyatt LS, Earl PL, Moss B, Mullins JI, Pavlakis GN, Felber BK. DNA Vaccine-Induced Long-Lasting Cytotoxic T Cells Targeting Conserved Elements of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Gag Are Boosted Upon DNA or Recombinant Modified Vaccinia Ankara Vaccination. Hum Gene Ther 2018; 29:1029-1043. [PMID: 29869530 PMCID: PMC6152849 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2018.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA-based vaccines able to induce efficient cytotoxic T-cell responses targeting conserved elements (CE) of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) Gag have been developed. These CE were selected by stringent conservation, the ability to induce T-cell responses with broad human leukocyte antigen coverage, and the association between recognition of CE epitopes and viral control in HIV-infected individuals. Based on homology to HIV, a simian immunodeficiency virus p27gag CE DNA vaccine has also been developed. This study reports on the durability of the CE-specific T-cell responses induced by HIV and simian immunodeficiency virus CE DNA-based prime/boost vaccine regimens in rhesus macaques, and shows that the initially primed CE-specific T-cell responses were efficiently boosted by a single CE DNA vaccination after the long rest period (up to 2 years). In another cohort of animals, the study shows that a single inoculation with non-replicating recombinant Modified Vaccinia Ankara (rMVA62B) also potently boosted CE-specific responses after around 1.5 years of rest. Both CE DNA and rMVA62B booster vaccinations increased the magnitude and cytotoxicity of the CE-specific responses while maintaining the breadth of CE recognition. Env produced by rMVA62B did not negatively interfere with the recall of the Gag CE responses. rMVA62B could be beneficial to further boosting the immune response to Gag in humans. Vaccine regimens that employ CE DNA as a priming immunogen hold promise for application in HIV prevention and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xintao Hu
- 1 Human Retrovirus Pathogenesis Section, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Antonio Valentin
- 2 Human Retrovirus Section, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Yanhui Cai
- 1 Human Retrovirus Pathogenesis Section, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Frances Dayton
- 1 Human Retrovirus Pathogenesis Section, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Margherita Rosati
- 2 Human Retrovirus Section, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland
| | | | - Viraj Kulkarni
- 1 Human Retrovirus Pathogenesis Section, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland
| | | | | | - Linda S Wyatt
- 4 Laboratory of Viral Diseases, NIAID, Bethesda, Maryland
| | | | - Bernard Moss
- 4 Laboratory of Viral Diseases, NIAID, Bethesda, Maryland
| | | | - George N Pavlakis
- 2 Human Retrovirus Section, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Barbara K Felber
- 1 Human Retrovirus Pathogenesis Section, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland
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Cashman KA, Wilkinson ER, Wollen SE, Shamblin JD, Zelko JM, Bearss JJ, Zeng X, Broderick KE, Schmaljohn CS. DNA vaccines elicit durable protective immunity against individual or simultaneous infections with Lassa and Ebola viruses in guinea pigs. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2017; 13:3010-3019. [PMID: 29135337 PMCID: PMC5718824 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2017.1382780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously developed optimized DNA vaccines against both Lassa fever and Ebola hemorrhagic fever viruses and demonstrated that they were protective individually in guinea pig and nonhuman primate models. In this study, we vaccinated groups of strain 13 guinea pigs two times, four weeks apart with 50 µg of each DNA vaccine or a mock vaccine at discrete sites by intradermal electroporation. Five weeks following the second vaccinations, guinea pigs were exposed to lethal doses of Lassa virus, Ebola virus, or a combination of both viruses simultaneously. None of the vaccinated guinea pigs, regardless of challenge virus and including the coinfected group, displayed weight loss, fever or other disease signs, and all survived to the study endpoint. All of the mock-vaccinated guinea pigs that were infected with Lassa virus, and all but one of the EBOV-infected mock-vaccinated guinea pigs succumbed. In order to determine if the dual-agent vaccination strategy could protect against both viruses if exposures were temporally separated, we held the surviving vaccinates in BSL-4 for approximately 120 days to perform a cross-challenge experiment in which guinea pigs originally infected with Lassa virus received a lethal dose of Ebola virus and those originally infected with Ebola virus were infected with a lethal dose of Lassa virus. All guinea pigs remained healthy and survived to the study endpoint. This study clearly demonstrates that DNA vaccines against Lassa and Ebola viruses can elicit protective immunity against both individual virus exposures as well as in a mixed-infection environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen A Cashman
- a Virology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious diseases (USAMRIID) , Fort Detrick , MD
| | - Eric R Wilkinson
- a Virology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious diseases (USAMRIID) , Fort Detrick , MD
| | - Suzanne E Wollen
- a Virology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious diseases (USAMRIID) , Fort Detrick , MD
| | - Joshua D Shamblin
- a Virology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious diseases (USAMRIID) , Fort Detrick , MD
| | - Justine M Zelko
- a Virology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious diseases (USAMRIID) , Fort Detrick , MD
| | - Jeremy J Bearss
- b Pathology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious diseases (USAMRIID) , Fort Detrick , MD
| | - Xiankun Zeng
- b Pathology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious diseases (USAMRIID) , Fort Detrick , MD
| | | | - Connie S Schmaljohn
- d Office of the Chief Scientists, Headquarters, USAMRIID , Fort Detrick , MD
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Cashman KA, Wilkinson ER, Shaia CI, Facemire PR, Bell TM, Bearss JJ, Shamblin JD, Wollen SE, Broderick KE, Sardesai NY, Schmaljohn CS. A DNA vaccine delivered by dermal electroporation fully protects cynomolgus macaques against Lassa fever. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2017; 13:2902-2911. [PMID: 29045192 PMCID: PMC5718832 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2017.1356500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Lassa virus (LASV) is an ambisense RNA virus in the Arenaviridae family and is the etiological agent of Lassa fever, a severe hemorrhagic disease endemic to West and Central Africa.1,2 There are no US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-licensed vaccines available to prevent Lassa fever.1,2 in our previous studies, we developed a gene-optimized DNA vaccine that encodes the glycoprotein precursor gene of LASV (Josiah strain) and demonstrated that 3 vaccinations accompanied by dermal electroporation protected guinea pigs from LASV-associated illness and death. Here, we describe an initial efficacy experiment in cynomolgus macaque nonhuman primates (NHPs) in which we followed an identical 3-dose vaccine schedule that was successful in guinea pigs, and a follow-on experiment in which we used an accelerated vaccination strategy consisting of 2 administrations, spaced 4 weeks apart. In both studies, all of the LASV DNA-vaccinated NHPs survived challenge and none of them had measureable, sustained viremia or displayed weight loss or other disease signs post-exposure. Three of 10 mock-vaccinates survived exposure to LASV, but all of them became acutely ill post-exposure and remained chronically ill to the study end point (45 d post-exposure). Two of the 3 survivors experienced sensorineural hearing loss (described elsewhere). These results clearly demonstrate that the LASV DNA vaccine combined with dermal electroporation is a highly effective candidate for eventual use in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen A Cashman
- a Virology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious diseases (USAMRIID) , Fort Detrick , MD , USA
| | - Eric R Wilkinson
- a Virology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious diseases (USAMRIID) , Fort Detrick , MD , USA
| | - Carl I Shaia
- b Pathology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious diseases (USAMRIID) , Fort Detrick , MD , USA
| | - Paul R Facemire
- b Pathology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious diseases (USAMRIID) , Fort Detrick , MD , USA
| | - Todd M Bell
- b Pathology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious diseases (USAMRIID) , Fort Detrick , MD , USA
| | - Jeremy J Bearss
- b Pathology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious diseases (USAMRIID) , Fort Detrick , MD , USA
| | - Joshua D Shamblin
- a Virology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious diseases (USAMRIID) , Fort Detrick , MD , USA
| | - Suzanne E Wollen
- a Virology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious diseases (USAMRIID) , Fort Detrick , MD , USA
| | | | | | - Connie S Schmaljohn
- d Office of the Chief Scientists, Headquarters, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases , Fort Detrick , MD , USA
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Elliott STC, Kallewaard NL, Benjamin E, Wachter-Rosati L, McAuliffe JM, Patel A, Smith TRF, Schultheis K, Park DH, Flingai S, Wise MC, Mendoza J, Ramos S, Broderick KE, Yan J, Humeau LM, Sardesai NY, Muthumani K, Zhu Q, Weiner DB. DMAb inoculation of synthetic cross reactive antibodies protects against lethal influenza A and B infections. NPJ Vaccines 2017; 2:18. [PMID: 29263874 PMCID: PMC5627301 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-017-0020-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Revised: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 05/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza virus remains a significant public health threat despite innovative vaccines and antiviral drugs. A major limitation to current vaccinations and therapies against influenza virus is pathogenic diversity generated by shift and drift. A simple, cost-effective passive immunization strategy via in vivo production of cross-protective antibody molecules may augment existing vaccines and antiviral drugs in seasonal and pandemic outbreaks. We engineered synthetic plasmid DNA to encode two novel and broadly cross-protective monoclonal antibodies targeting influenza A and B. We utilized enhanced in vivo delivery of these plasmid DNA-encoded monoclonal antibody (DMAb) constructs and show that this strategy induces robust levels of functional antibodies directed against influenza A and B viruses in mouse sera. Mice receiving a single inoculation with anti-influenza A DMAb survive lethal Group 1 H1 and Group 2 H3 influenza A challenges, while inoculation with anti-influenza B DMAb yields protection against lethal Victoria and Yamagata lineage influenza B morbidity and mortality. Furthermore, these two DMAbs can be delivered coordinately resulting in exceptionally broad protection against both influenza A and B. We demonstrate this protection is similar to that achieved by conventional protein antibody delivery. DMAbs warrant further investigation as a novel immune therapy platform with distinct advantages for sustained immunoprophylaxis against influenza. A novel innoculation technique involving the injection of antibody-producing plasmid DNA has shown to be effective against influenza in mice. The flu is responsible for up to half a million deaths each year and up to five million cases of severe disease, while also posing a substantial pandemic threat, even with our current repertoire of vaccines. A team of researchers led by Sarah Elliott and David Weiner of The Wistar Institute of Anatomy and Biology, Philadelphia, developed potent plasmid-based constructs that, once injected, entered hosts’ cells and utilized cellular machinery to encode antibodies protective against a range of influenza A and B subtypes. DNA inoculation conferred acute protection from disease, with treated individuals also being immune to subsequent exposure. This approach warrants further investigation as an alternative technology for practical delivery of monoclonal antibody therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nicole L Kallewaard
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Vaccines, MedImmune LLC, Gaithersburg, MD USA
| | - Ebony Benjamin
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Vaccines, MedImmune LLC, Gaithersburg, MD USA
| | | | | | - Ami Patel
- Wistar Institute of Anatomy & Biology, Philadelphia, PA USA
| | | | | | - Daniel H Park
- Wistar Institute of Anatomy & Biology, Philadelphia, PA USA
| | | | - Megan C Wise
- Wistar Institute of Anatomy & Biology, Philadelphia, PA USA
| | | | | | | | - Jian Yan
- Inovio Pharmaceuticals, Plymouth Meeting, PA USA
| | | | | | - Kar Muthumani
- Wistar Institute of Anatomy & Biology, Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - Qing Zhu
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Vaccines, MedImmune LLC, Gaithersburg, MD USA
| | - David B Weiner
- Wistar Institute of Anatomy & Biology, Philadelphia, PA USA
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43
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Hu X, Valentin A, Rosati M, Manocheewa S, Alicea C, Chowdhury B, Bear J, Broderick KE, Sardesai NY, Gall SL, Mullins JI, Pavlakis GN, Felber BK. HIV Env conserved element DNA vaccine alters immunodominance in macaques. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2017; 13:2859-2871. [PMID: 28678607 PMCID: PMC5718827 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2017.1339852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Sequence diversity and immunodominance are major obstacles in the design of an effective vaccine against HIV. HIV Env is a highly-glycosylated protein composed of ‘conserved’ and ‘variable’ regions. The latter contains immunodominant epitopes that are frequently targeted by the immune system resulting in the generation of immune escape variants. This work describes 12 regions in HIV Env that are highly conserved throughout the known HIV M Group sequences (Env CE), and are poorly immunogenic in macaques vaccinated with full-length Env expressing DNA vaccines. Two versions of plasmids encoding the 12 Env CE were generated, differing by 0–5 AA per CE to maximize the inclusion of commonly detected variants. In contrast to the full-length env DNA vaccine, vaccination of macaques with a combination of these 2 Env CE DNA induced robust, durable cellular immune responses with a significant fraction of CD8+ T cells with cytotoxic phenotype (Granzyme B+ and CD107a+). Although inefficient in generating primary responses to the CE, boosting of the Env CE DNA primed macaques with the intact env DNA vaccine potently augmented pre-existing immunity, increasing magnitude, breadth and cytotoxicity of the cellular responses. Fine mapping showed that 7 of the 12 CE elicited T cell responses. Env CE DNA also induced humoral responses able to recognize the full-length Env. Env CE plasmids are therefore capable of inducing durable responses to highly conserved regions of Env that are frequently absent after Env vaccination or immunologically subdominant. These modified antigens are candidates for use as prophylactic and therapeutic HIV vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xintao Hu
- a Human Retrovirus Pathogenesis Section, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute at Frederick , Frederick , MD , USA
| | - Antonio Valentin
- b Human Retrovirus Section, Vaccine Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute at Frederick , Frederick , MD , USA
| | - Margherita Rosati
- b Human Retrovirus Section, Vaccine Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute at Frederick , Frederick , MD , USA
| | - Siriphan Manocheewa
- c Departments of Microbiology , University of Washington , Seattle , WA , USA
| | - Candido Alicea
- a Human Retrovirus Pathogenesis Section, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute at Frederick , Frederick , MD , USA
| | - Bhabadeb Chowdhury
- b Human Retrovirus Section, Vaccine Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute at Frederick , Frederick , MD , USA
| | - Jenifer Bear
- a Human Retrovirus Pathogenesis Section, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute at Frederick , Frederick , MD , USA
| | | | | | - Sylvie Le Gall
- e Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School , Cambridge , MA , USA
| | - James I Mullins
- c Departments of Microbiology , University of Washington , Seattle , WA , USA.,f Departments of Medicine , University of Washington , Seattle , WA , USA.,g Departments of Global Health , University of Washington , Seattle , WA , USA.,h Departments of Laboratory Medicine , University of Washington , Seattle , WA , USA
| | - George N Pavlakis
- b Human Retrovirus Section, Vaccine Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute at Frederick , Frederick , MD , USA
| | - Barbara K Felber
- a Human Retrovirus Pathogenesis Section, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute at Frederick , Frederick , MD , USA
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Patel A, Reuschel EL, Kraynyak KA, Park DH, Racine T, Yan J, Khan A, Morrow MP, Muthumani K, Shedlock DJ, Broderick KE, Audet J, Jones S, Bello A, Soule G, Tran KN, Tierney K, Qiu X, Kobinger GP, Humeau L, Sardesai N, Weiner D. Protection and durable humoral and cellular immune responses in cynomolgus macaques following administration of a Zaire Ebola virus (EBOV) GP DNA vaccine delivered by intramuscular or intradermal electroporation. The Journal of Immunology 2017. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.198.supp.225.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
The 2013–2016 Ebola virus disease (EVD) was the first time that the spread of the virus reached epidemic status. There are no licensed vaccines; however the most advanced candidate rVSV-ZEBOV vaccine, is a live-attenuated vesicular stomatitis virus encoding the Ebola virus glycoprotein (GP), and has demonstrated efficacy in a ring-vaccination trial. However, several EVD viral vector vaccine trials have reported adverse events that could limit administration to certain populations. The establishment of robust anamnestic responses has yet to be fully understood with these candidates and may be limited by potential anti-vector immunity. We designed EVD DNA vaccines as an alternative platform with a remarkable safety profile that is serology independent, allowing for possible repeat vector administration. We designed 3 novel synthetic Zaire Ebola virus (EBOV) GP DNA sequences which were tested alone or as multivalent formulations delivered by in vivo intramuscular (IM) or intradermal (ID) electroporation (EP). The EBOV-GP DNA vaccines were highly protective against lethal EBOV-Makona challenge in cynomolgus macaques, with 100% protection in NHPs receiving vaccine by ID-EP delivery and 75% protection in NHPs receiving 2 doses IM-EP. Vaccinated NHPs had no detectable viremia following challenge. Animals (n=4–5/group) injected with different IM-EP or ID-EP DNA regimens were followed to monitor long-term immunogenicity. NHPs have durable total IgG antibody titers and T cells responses to EBOV GP antigen, including polyfunctional CD4 and CD8 T cells and responses in memory subset populations. Together, the data strong support EBOV-GP DNA vaccine delivery for protection and the generation of robust memory immune responses.
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Abstract
Nucleic acid vaccines are a next-generation branch of vaccines which offer major benefits over their conventional protein, bacteria, or viral-based counterparts. However, to be effective in large mammals and humans, an enhancing delivery technology is required. Electroporation is a physical technique which results in improved delivery of large molecules through the cell membrane. In the case of plasmid DNA and mRNA, electroporation enhances both the uptake and expression of the delivered nucleic acids. The muscle is an attractive tissue for nucleic acid vaccination in a clinical setting due to the accessibility and abundance of the target tissue. Historical clinical studies of electroporation in the muscle have demonstrated the procedure to be generally well tolerated in patients. Previous studies have determined that optimized electroporation parameters (such as electrical field intensity, pulse length, pulse width and drug product formulation) majorly impact the efficiency of nucleic acid delivery. We provide an overview of DNA/RNA vaccination in the muscle of mice. Our results suggest that the technique is safe and effective and is highly applicable to a research setting as well as scalable to larger animals and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate E Broderick
- Inovio Pharmaceuticals, 660 West Germantown Pike, Suite 110, Plymouth Meeting, PA, 19462, USA.
| | - Laurent M Humeau
- Inovio Pharmaceuticals, 660 West Germantown Pike, Suite 110, Plymouth Meeting, PA, 19462, USA
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46
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Broderick KE, Potluri P, Zhuang S, Scheffler IE, Sharma VS, Pilz RB, Boss GR. Cyanide Detoxification by the Cobalamin Precursor Cobinamide. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2016; 231:641-9. [PMID: 16636313 DOI: 10.1177/153537020623100519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyanide is a highly toxic agent that inhibits mitochondrial cytochrome-c oxidase, thereby depleting cellular ATP. it contributes to smoke inhalation deaths in fires and could be used as a weapon of mass destruction. Cobalamin (vitamin B12) binds cyanide with a relatively high affinity and is used in Europe to treat smoke inhalation victims. Cobinamide, the penultimate compound in cobalamin biosynthesis, binds cyanide with about 1010 greater affinity than cobalamin, and we found It was several-fold more effective than cobalamin in (i) reversing cyanide inhibition of oxidative phosphorylation in mammalian cells; (ii) rescuing mammalian cells and Drosophila melanogaster from cyanide toxicity; and (iii) reducing cyanide inhibition of Drosophila Malpighian tubule secretion. Cobinamide could be delivered by oral ingestion, inhalation, or injection to Drosophila, and it was as effective when administered up to 5 mins post-cyanide exposure as when given preexposure. We conclude that cobinamide is an effective cyanide detoxifying agent that has potential use as a cyanide antidote, both in smoke inhalation victims and in persons exposed to cyanide used as a weapon of mass destruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate E Broderick
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0652, USA
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47
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Schultheis K, Schaefer H, Yung BS, Oh J, Muthumani K, Humeau L, Broderick KE, Smith TRF. Characterization of guinea pig T cell responses elicited after EP-assisted delivery of DNA vaccines to the skin. Vaccine 2016; 35:61-70. [PMID: 27894716 PMCID: PMC5221502 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2016.11.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2016] [Revised: 11/03/2016] [Accepted: 11/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The skin is an ideal target tissue for vaccine delivery for a number of reasons. It is highly accessible, and most importantly, enriched in professional antigen presenting cells. Possessing strong similarities to human skin physiology and displaying a defined epidermis, the guinea pig is an appropriate model to study epidermal delivery of vaccine. However, whilst we have characterized the humoral responses in the guinea pig associated with skin vaccine protocols we have yet to investigate the T cell responses. In response to this inadequacy, we developed an IFN-γ ELISpot assay to characterize the cellular immune response in the peripheral blood of guinea pigs. Using a nucleoprotein (NP) influenza pDNA vaccination regimen, we characterized host T cell responses. After delivery of the DNA vaccine to the guinea pig epidermis we detected robust and rapid T cell responses. The levels of IFN-γ spot-forming units averaged approximately 5000 per million cells after two immunizations. These responses were broad in that multiple regions across the NP antigen elicited a T cell response. Interestingly, we identified a number of NP immunodominant T cell epitopes to be conserved across an outbred guinea pig population, a phenomenon which was also observed after immunization with a RSV DNA vaccine. We believe this data enhances our understanding of the cellular immune response elicited to a vaccine in guinea pigs, and globally, will advance the use of this model for vaccine development, especially those targeting skin as a delivery site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Schultheis
- Inovio Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 660W. Germantown Pike, Suite 110, Plymouth Meeting, PA 19462, USA
| | - Hubert Schaefer
- Intracelluar Pathogens, Robert Koch Institute, Nordufer 20, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Bryan S Yung
- Inovio Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 660W. Germantown Pike, Suite 110, Plymouth Meeting, PA 19462, USA
| | - Janet Oh
- Inovio Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 660W. Germantown Pike, Suite 110, Plymouth Meeting, PA 19462, USA
| | - Karuppiah Muthumani
- Vaccine Center, The Wistar Institute of Anatomy & Biology, 3601 Spruce St., Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Laurent Humeau
- Inovio Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 660W. Germantown Pike, Suite 110, Plymouth Meeting, PA 19462, USA
| | - Kate E Broderick
- Inovio Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 660W. Germantown Pike, Suite 110, Plymouth Meeting, PA 19462, USA
| | - Trevor R F Smith
- Inovio Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 660W. Germantown Pike, Suite 110, Plymouth Meeting, PA 19462, USA.
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48
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Hu X, Valentin A, Dayton F, Kulkarni V, Alicea C, Rosati M, Chowdhury B, Gautam R, Broderick KE, Sardesai NY, Martin MA, Mullins JI, Pavlakis GN, Felber BK. DNA Prime-Boost Vaccine Regimen To Increase Breadth, Magnitude, and Cytotoxicity of the Cellular Immune Responses to Subdominant Gag Epitopes of Simian Immunodeficiency Virus and HIV. J Immunol 2016; 197:3999-4013. [PMID: 27733554 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1600697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
HIV sequence diversity and the propensity of eliciting immunodominant responses targeting variable regions of the HIV proteome are hurdles in the development of an effective AIDS vaccine. An HIV-derived conserved element (CE) p24gag plasmid DNA (pDNA) vaccine is able to redirect immunodominant responses to otherwise subdominant and often more vulnerable viral targets. By homology to the HIV immunogen, seven CE were identified in SIV p27Gag Analysis of 31 rhesus macaques vaccinated with full-length SIV gag pDNA showed inefficient induction (58% response rate) of cellular responses targeting these CE. In contrast, all 14 macaques immunized with SIV p27CE pDNA developed robust T cell responses recognizing CE. Vaccination with p27CE pDNA was also critical for the efficient induction and increased the frequency of Ag-specific T cells with cytotoxic potential (granzyme B+ CD107a+) targeting subdominant CE epitopes, compared with the responses elicited by the p57gag pDNA vaccine. Following p27CE pDNA priming, two booster regimens, gag pDNA or codelivery of p27CE+gag pDNA, significantly increased the levels of CE-specific T cells. However, the CE+gag pDNA booster vaccination elicited significantly broader CE epitope recognition, and thus, a more profound alteration of the immunodominance hierarchy. Vaccination with HIV molecules showed that CE+gag pDNA booster regimen further expanded the breadth of HIV CE responses. Hence, SIV/HIV vaccine regimens comprising CE pDNA prime and CE+gag pDNA booster vaccination significantly increased cytotoxic T cell responses to subdominant highly conserved Gag epitopes and maximized response breadth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xintao Hu
- Human Retrovirus Pathogenesis Section, Vaccine Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, MD 21702
| | - Antonio Valentin
- Human Retrovirus Section, Vaccine Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, MD 21702
| | - Frances Dayton
- Human Retrovirus Pathogenesis Section, Vaccine Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, MD 21702
| | - Viraj Kulkarni
- Human Retrovirus Pathogenesis Section, Vaccine Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, MD 21702
| | - Candido Alicea
- Human Retrovirus Pathogenesis Section, Vaccine Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, MD 21702
| | - Margherita Rosati
- Human Retrovirus Section, Vaccine Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, MD 21702
| | - Bhabadeb Chowdhury
- Human Retrovirus Section, Vaccine Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, MD 21702
| | - Rajeev Gautam
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | | | | | - Malcolm A Martin
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - James I Mullins
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195.,Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195.,Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195; and.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195
| | - George N Pavlakis
- Human Retrovirus Section, Vaccine Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, MD 21702;
| | - Barbara K Felber
- Human Retrovirus Pathogenesis Section, Vaccine Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, MD 21702;
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El Bissati K, Chentoufi AA, Krishack PA, Zhou Y, Woods S, Dubey JP, Vang L, Lykins J, Broderick KE, Mui E, Suzuki Y, Sa Q, Bi S, Cardona N, Verma SK, Fraczek L, Reardon CA, Sidney J, Alexander J, Sette A, Vedvick T, Fox C, Guderian JA, Reed S, Roberts CW, McLeod R. Adjuvanted multi-epitope vaccines protect HLA-A*11:01 transgenic mice against Toxoplasma gondii. JCI Insight 2016; 1:e85955. [PMID: 27699241 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.85955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We created and tested multi-epitope DNA or protein vaccines with TLR4 ligand emulsion adjuvant (gluco glucopyranosyl lipid adjuvant in a stable emulsion [GLA-SE]) for their ability to protect against Toxoplasma gondii in HLA transgenic mice. Our constructs each included 5 of our best down-selected CD8+ T cell-eliciting epitopes, a universal CD4+ helper T lymphocyte epitope (PADRE), and a secretory signal, all arranged for optimal MHC-I presentation. Their capacity to elicit immune and protective responses was studied using immunization of HLA-A*11:01 transgenic mice. These multi-epitope vaccines increased memory CD8+ T cells that produced IFN-γ and protected mice against parasite burden when challenged with T. gondii. Endocytosis of emulsion-trapped protein and cross presentation of the antigens must account for the immunogenicity of our adjuvanted protein. Thus, our work creates an adjuvanted platform assembly of peptides resulting in cross presentation of CD8+ T cell-eliciting epitopes in a vaccine that prevents toxoplasmosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamal El Bissati
- Department of Opthalmology and Visual Science; and Department of Pediatrics, Infectious Diseases Division (RM), The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Aziz A Chentoufi
- Pathology and Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Department of Immunology, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Ying Zhou
- Department of Opthalmology and Visual Science; and Department of Pediatrics, Infectious Diseases Division (RM), The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Stuart Woods
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Jitender P Dubey
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Animal Parasitic Diseases Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland, USA
| | - Lo Vang
- PaxVax Inc., San Diego, California, USA
| | - Joseph Lykins
- Department of Opthalmology and Visual Science; and Department of Pediatrics, Infectious Diseases Division (RM), The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Kate E Broderick
- Department of Research and Development, Inovio Pharmaceuticals, Blue Bell, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ernest Mui
- Department of Opthalmology and Visual Science; and Department of Pediatrics, Infectious Diseases Division (RM), The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Yasuhiro Suzuki
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Qila Sa
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Stephanie Bi
- Department of Opthalmology and Visual Science; and Department of Pediatrics, Infectious Diseases Division (RM), The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Nestor Cardona
- Department of Opthalmology and Visual Science; and Department of Pediatrics, Infectious Diseases Division (RM), The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Shiv K Verma
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Animal Parasitic Diseases Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland, USA
| | - Laura Fraczek
- Department of Opthalmology and Visual Science; and Department of Pediatrics, Infectious Diseases Division (RM), The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | | | - John Sidney
- Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, California
| | | | - Alessandro Sette
- Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, California
| | - Tom Vedvick
- Infectious Disease Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Chris Fox
- Infectious Disease Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | | | - Steven Reed
- Infectious Disease Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Craig W Roberts
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Rima McLeod
- Department of Opthalmology and Visual Science; and Department of Pediatrics, Infectious Diseases Division (RM), The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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50
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Amante DH, Smith TRF, Mendoza JM, Schultheis K, McCoy JR, Khan AS, Sardesai NY, Broderick KE. Skin Transfection Patterns and Expression Kinetics of Electroporation-Enhanced Plasmid Delivery Using the CELLECTRA-3P, a Portable Next-Generation Dermal Electroporation Device. Hum Gene Ther Methods 2016. [PMID: 26222896 DOI: 10.1089/hgtb.2015.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The CELLECTRA-3P dermal electroporation device (Inovio Pharmaceuticals, Plymouth Meeting, PA) has been evaluated in the clinic and shown to enhance the delivery of an influenza DNA vaccine. To understand the mechanism by which this device aids in enhancing the host immune response to DNA vaccines we investigated the expression kinetics and localization of a reporter plasmid (pGFP) delivered via the CELLECTRA-3P. Histological analysis revealed green fluorescent protein (GFP) expression as early as 1 hr posttreatment in the epidermal and dermal layers, and as early as 2 hr posttreatment in the subdermal layers. Immunofluorescence techniques identified keratinocytes, fibrocytes, dendritic-like cells, adipocytes, and myocytes as the principal cell populations transfected. We proceeded to demonstrate elicitation of robust host immune responses after plasmid DNA (pDNA) vaccination. In guinea pigs equivalent humoral (antibody binding titers) immune responses were observed between protocols using either CELLECTRA-3P or intramuscular electroporation to deliver the DNA vaccine. In nonhuman primates, robust interferon-γ enzyme-linked immunospot and protective levels of hemagglutination inhibition titers after pDNA vaccination were observed in groups treated with the CELLECTRA-3P. In conclusion, these findings may assist in the future to design efficient, tolerable DNA vaccination strategies for the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Jay R McCoy
- Inovio Pharmaceuticals , Plymouth Meeting, Pennsylvania
| | - Amir S Khan
- Inovio Pharmaceuticals , Plymouth Meeting, Pennsylvania
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