1
|
Shansky YD, Yanushevich OO, Gospodarik AV, Maev IV, Krikheli NI, Levchenko OV, Zaborovsky AV, Evdokimov VV, Solodov AA, Bely PA, Andreev DN, Serkina AN, Esiev SS, Komarova AV, Sokolov PS, Fomenko AK, Devkota MK, Tsaregorodtsev SV, Bespyatykh JA. Evaluation of serum and urine biomarkers for severe COVID-19. Front Med (Lausanne) 2024; 11:1357659. [PMID: 38510452 PMCID: PMC10951109 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2024.1357659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction The new coronavirus disease, COVID-19, poses complex challenges exacerbated by several factors, with respiratory tissue lesions being notably significant among them. Consequently, there is a pressing need to identify informative biological markers that can indicate the severity of the disease. Several studies have highlighted the involvement of proteins such as APOA1, XPNPEP2, ORP150, CUBN, HCII, and CREB3L3 in these respiratory tissue lesions. However, there is a lack of information regarding antibodies to these proteins in the human body, which could potentially serve as valuable diagnostic markers for COVID-19. Simultaneously, it is relevant to select biological fluids that can be obtained without invasive procedures. Urine is one such fluid, but its effect on clinical laboratory analysis is not yet fully understood due to lack of study on its composition. Methods Methods used in this study are as follows: total serum protein analysis; ELISA on moderate and severe COVID-19 patients' serum and urine; bioinformatic methods: ROC analysis, PCA, SVM. Results and discussion The levels of antiAPOA1, antiXPNPEP2, antiORP150, antiCUBN, antiHCII, and antiCREB3L3 exhibit gradual fluctuations ranging from moderate to severe in both the serum and urine of COVID-19 patients. However, the diagnostic value of individual anti-protein antibodies is low, in both blood serum and urine. On the contrary, joint detection of these antibodies in patients' serum significantly increases the diagnostic value as demonstrated by the results of principal component analysis (PCA) and support vector machine (SVM). The non-linear regression model achieved an accuracy of 0.833. Furthermore, PCA aided in identifying serum protein markers that have the greatest impact on patient group discrimination. The study revealed that serum serves as a superior analyte for describing protein quantification due to its consistent composition and lack of organic salts and drug residues, which can otherwise affect protein stability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yaroslav D. Shansky
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Center of Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics, Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, Russia
| | - Oleg O. Yanushevich
- Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Russian University of Medicine" of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alina V. Gospodarik
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Center of Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics, Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, Russia
| | - Igor V. Maev
- Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Russian University of Medicine" of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Natella I. Krikheli
- Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Russian University of Medicine" of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Oleg V. Levchenko
- Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Russian University of Medicine" of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrew V. Zaborovsky
- Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Russian University of Medicine" of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Vladimir V. Evdokimov
- Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Russian University of Medicine" of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander A. Solodov
- Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Russian University of Medicine" of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Petr A. Bely
- Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Russian University of Medicine" of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Dmitry N. Andreev
- Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Russian University of Medicine" of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anna N. Serkina
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Center of Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics, Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, Russia
| | - Sulejman S. Esiev
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Center of Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics, Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, Russia
- Department of Expertise in Doping and Drug Control, Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anastacia V. Komarova
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Center of Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics, Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, Russia
- Department of Expertise in Doping and Drug Control, Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia, Moscow, Russia
| | - Philip S. Sokolov
- Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Russian University of Medicine" of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Aleksei K. Fomenko
- Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Russian University of Medicine" of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Mikhail K. Devkota
- Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Russian University of Medicine" of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Sergei V. Tsaregorodtsev
- Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Russian University of Medicine" of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Julia A. Bespyatykh
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Center of Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics, Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, Russia
- Department of Expertise in Doping and Drug Control, Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia, Moscow, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
da Silva SJR, Krokovsky L. Clinical and laboratory diagnosis of Mayaro virus (MAYV): Current status and opportunities for further development. Rev Med Virol 2024; 34:e2528. [PMID: 38497839 DOI: 10.1002/rmv.2528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2024] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
The recent outbreaks related to Mayaro virus (MAYV) infection in the Americas have brought this neglected virus as a potential threat to global public health. Given the range of symptoms that can be associated with MAYV infection, it can be challenging to diagnose individuals based on clinical signs, especially in countries with simultaneous circulation of other mosquito-borne viruses, such as dengue virus (DENV) and chikungunya virus (CHIKV). With this challenge in mind, laboratory-based diagnosis assumes a critical role in the introduction of measures to help prevent virus dissemination and to adequately treat patients. In this review, we provide an overview of the clinical features reported in infected patients and currently available laboratory tools that are used for MAYV diagnosis, discussing their advances, advantages, and limitations to apply in the field. Moreover, we explore novel point-of-care (PoC) diagnostic platforms that can provide de-centralised diagnostics for use in areas with limited laboratory infrastructure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Larissa Krokovsky
- Department of Entomology, Aggeu Magalhães Institute (IAM), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Santoni M, Gutierrez-Valdes N, Pivotto D, Zanichelli E, Rosa A, Sobrino-Mengual G, Balieu J, Lerouge P, Bardor M, Cecchetto R, Compri M, Mazzariol A, Ritala A, Avesani L. Performance of plant-produced RBDs as SARS-CoV-2 diagnostic reagents: a tale of two plant platforms. Front Plant Sci 2024; 14:1325162. [PMID: 38239207 PMCID: PMC10794598 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1325162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has underscored the need for rapid and cost-effective diagnostic tools. Serological tests, particularly those measuring antibodies targeting the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the virus, play a pivotal role in tracking infection dynamics and vaccine effectiveness. In this study, we aimed to develop a simple enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for measuring RBD-specific antibodies, comparing two plant-based platforms for diagnostic reagent production. We chose to retain RBD in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to prevent potential immunoreactivity issues associated with plant-specific glycans. We produced ER-retained RBD in two plant systems: a stable transformation of BY-2 plant cell culture (BY2-RBD) and a transient transformation in Nicotiana benthamiana using the MagnICON system (NB-RBD). Both systems demonstrated their suitability, with varying yields and production timelines. The plant-made proteins revealed unexpected differences in N-glycan profiles, with BY2-RBD displaying oligo-mannosidic N-glycans and NB-RBD exhibiting a more complex glycan profile. This difference may be attributed to higher recombinant protein synthesis in the N. benthamiana system, potentially overloading the ER retention signal, causing some proteins to traffic to the Golgi apparatus. When used as diagnostic reagents in ELISA, BY2-RBD outperformed NB-RBD in terms of sensitivity, specificity, and correlation with a commercial kit. This discrepancy may be due to the distinct glycan profiles, as complex glycans on NB-RBD may impact immunoreactivity. In conclusion, our study highlights the potential of plant-based systems for rapid diagnostic reagent production during emergencies. However, transient expression systems, while offering shorter timelines, introduce higher heterogeneity in recombinant protein forms, necessitating careful consideration in serological test development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Denise Pivotto
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Elena Zanichelli
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | | | - Guillermo Sobrino-Mengual
- Université de Rouen Normandie, Normandie Univ, GlycoMEV UR 4358, SFR Normandie Végétal FED 4277, Innovation Chimie Carnot, IRIB, GDR CNRS Chemobiologie, RMT BESTIM, Rouen, France
- Applied Plant Biotechnology Group, Department of Plant Production and Forestry Science, University of Lleida-Agrotecnio CERCA Center, Lleida, Spain
| | - Juliette Balieu
- Université de Rouen Normandie, Normandie Univ, GlycoMEV UR 4358, SFR Normandie Végétal FED 4277, Innovation Chimie Carnot, IRIB, GDR CNRS Chemobiologie, RMT BESTIM, Rouen, France
| | - Patrice Lerouge
- Université de Rouen Normandie, Normandie Univ, GlycoMEV UR 4358, SFR Normandie Végétal FED 4277, Innovation Chimie Carnot, IRIB, GDR CNRS Chemobiologie, RMT BESTIM, Rouen, France
| | - Muriel Bardor
- Université de Rouen Normandie, Normandie Univ, GlycoMEV UR 4358, SFR Normandie Végétal FED 4277, Innovation Chimie Carnot, IRIB, GDR CNRS Chemobiologie, RMT BESTIM, Rouen, France
| | - Riccardo Cecchetto
- Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, Microbiology Section, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Monica Compri
- Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria, UOC Microbiologia e Virologia, Verona, Italy
| | - Annarita Mazzariol
- Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, Microbiology Section, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Anneli Ritala
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd., Espoo, Finland
| | - Linda Avesani
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Shikova E, Marteva-Proevska Y, Mondeshki T, Bilyukov R, Marinova D, Naumova E. Virus-specific humoral immune response in Bulgarian COVID-19 patients with varying disease severity. J Infect Dev Ctries 2023; 17:1674-1681. [PMID: 38252713 DOI: 10.3855/jidc.18274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Our study aimed to analyze virus-specific humoral immune responses in COVID-19 patients with varying disease severity. METHODOLOGY A total of 109 serum samples from 87 patients, symptomatic for COVID-19 were studied using anti-SARS-CoV-2 immunoassays detecting different classes of immunoglobulins. RESULTS Clinical samples were divided into 2 groups - collected up to and more than 2 weeks post-onset of symptoms (PoS). In the first group, the highest percentage of positive samples was found for IgA class virus-specific antibodies (78.1%), followed by IgM (71.9%/59.4%) and IgG (56.3%/53.1%). In the second group, samples positive for virus-specific IgA class antibodies were also the most (97.7%) along with those positive for IgG. A total of 72 IgA and/or IgM and/or IgG positive samples were further tested for SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) - 89.1% and 100% of samples obtained up to and after 2 weeks PoS, respectively were positive. Serological test results were also analyzed depending on the severity of the disease - SARS-CoV-2 positive samples in mild forms of COVID-19 were fewer than in moderate and severe forms but this difference was not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS SARS-CoV-2 specific antibodies and a high virus neutralization capacity of these antibodies appear early PoS; Immunoglobulins of IgA class are of most significant diagnostic value for detection of SARS-CoV-2 infection; Timing of testing is the most important factor for positivity rate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Evelina Shikova
- University Hospital "Alexandrovska", Central Microbiology Laboratory, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | | | - Tsanko Mondeshki
- University Hospital "Alexandrovska", Clinic of Propedeutics of Internal Medicine, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Radoslav Bilyukov
- University Hospital "Alexandrovska", Clinic of Propedeutics of Internal Medicine, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Daniela Marinova
- University Hospital "Alexandrovska", Clinic of Clinical Immunology and Stem Cell Bank, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Elisaveta Naumova
- University Hospital "Alexandrovska", Clinic of Clinical Immunology and Stem Cell Bank, Sofia, Bulgaria
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Serrano-Coll H, Muñoz M, Beltrán JC, Cardona-Castro N. High seropositivity against NDO-LID in a group of household contacts of leprosy patients. Are we close to leprosy elimination in Colombia? Pathog Glob Health 2023; 117:727-734. [PMID: 37231779 PMCID: PMC10614706 DOI: 10.1080/20477724.2023.2217405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Leprosy is a chronic infectious disease caused by two mycobacteria (Mycobacterium leprae and Mycobacterium lepromatosis). The household contacts (HHC) of leprosy index cases are at higher risk of being infected with these mycobacteria. Therefore, serological testing in HHC would be an effective strategy to eliminate leprosy in Colombia. OBJECTIVE To determine the seroprevalence and factors associated with the infection by M. leprae in HHC. METHODS An observational study was conducted in 428 HHC located in the Colombian Caribbean, Andean, Pacific, and Amazonian regions. We evaluated the seropositivity and titrations of IgM, IgG, and protein A against NDO-LID. RESULTS The evaluated HHC showed high seropositivity, precisely 36.9% anti-NDO-LID IgM, 28.3% anti-NDO-LID IgG, and 47.7% protein A. Furthermore, Protein A showed a greater capacity to detect infected individuals than other anti-NDO-LID conjugates (p < 0.0001). This study did not show differences in the seropositivity according to sex or age of the HHC (p > 0.05). Higher seropositivity for IgM was evidenced mainly in HHC located in the Colombian Pacific region (p 0.001). This research did not show differences in the seropositivity for these serological tests between HHC of PB or MB leprosy patients (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION Leprosy transmission is still active between Colombian HHC. Consequently, controlling leprosy transmission in this population is fundamental to eradicating this disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Héctor Serrano-Coll
- Instituto Colombiano de Medicina Tropical -Universidad CES, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Mónica Muñoz
- Instituto Colombiano de Medicina Tropical -Universidad CES, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Juan Camilo Beltrán
- Instituto Colombiano de Medicina Tropical -Universidad CES, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Nora Cardona-Castro
- Instituto Colombiano de Medicina Tropical -Universidad CES, Medellín, Colombia
- Facultad de Medicina Universidad CES, Medellin, Colombia
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Saha T, Arisoyin AE, Bollu B, Ashok T, Babu A, Issani A, Jhaveri S, Avanthika C. Enteric Fever: Diagnostic Challenges and the Importance of Early Intervention. Cureus 2023; 15:e41831. [PMID: 37575696 PMCID: PMC10423039 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.41831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Enteric fever is a systemic infection caused by highly virulent Salmonella enterica serovars: Typhi and Paratyphi. Diagnosis of enteric fever is challenging due to a wide variety of clinical features which overlap with other febrile illnesses. The current diagnostic methods are limited because of the suboptimal sensitivity of conventional tests like blood culture in detecting organisms and the invasive nature of bone marrow culture. It emphasizes the need to develop improved and more reliable diagnostic modalities. The rising rates of multidrug-resistant Salmonella strains call for an accurate understanding of the current management of the disease. Proper public health measures and large-scale immunization programs will help reduce the burden of the disease. A comprehensive surveillance system can help detect the chronic carrier state and is crucial in understanding antibiotic susceptibility patterns. We conducted an all-language literature search on Medline, Cochrane, Embase, and Google Scholar till May 2022. The following search words and medical subject headings (MeSH) were used: "enteric fever," "Salmonella Typhi," "multidrug-resistant Salmonella," chronic carrier state," "Salmonella detection, "and "typhoid vaccine." We reviewed the literature on clinical features, pathophysiology, new diagnostic tests, and interventions to prevent the disease. This article explores enteric fever and its various clinical features and addresses the emerging threat of multidrug resistance. It focuses on novel methods for diagnosis and prevention strategies, including vaccines and the use of surveillance systems employed across different parts of the world.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tias Saha
- Internal Medicine, Samorita General Hospital, Faridpur, BGD
- Internal Medicine, Diabetic Association Medical College, Faridpur, BGD
| | | | - Bhaswanth Bollu
- Emergency Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, IND
| | - Tejaswini Ashok
- Internal Medicine, Jagadguru Sri Shivarathreeshwara Medical College, Mysore, IND
| | - Athira Babu
- Pediatrics, Saudi German Hospital, Dubai, ARE
| | - Ali Issani
- Emergency Medicine, Aga Khan University, Karachi, PAK
| | - Sharan Jhaveri
- Internal Medicine, Nathiba Hargovandas Lakhmichand Municipal Medical College, Ahmedabad, IND
| | - Chaithanya Avanthika
- Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Elmhurst Hospital Center, New York, USA
- Medicine and Surgery, Karnataka Institute of Medical Sciences, Hubli, IND
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Pagnossa JP, Rodrigues SDO, de Oliveira GF, Adnan M, Aljaid MS, de Assis IB, Lima ASG, Patel M, Ogaly HA, Batiha GES. COVID-19 in a Pre-Omicron Era: A Cross-Sectional Immuno-Epidemical and Genomic Evaluation. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:272. [PMID: 36851150 PMCID: PMC9960145 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11020272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The seventh human coronavirus was discovered and reported primarily in Wuhan, China. After intense seasons with repercussions in all areas of humanity, the pandemic demonstrates a new perspective. In Brazil, the pandemic concept had impacts in vast areas, including healthcare hospitals. This present study aims to describe and synthesize data from a determined period from the year 2021 that correlate the symptoms of passive and/or active patients for COVID-19 and their respective results of IgG/IgM serological tests in hospitals in the city of Cruzeiro, São Paulo, Brazil. The form had been applied to 333 people and obtained conclusive results and several symptoms were presented; in addition, asymptomatic cases were also analyzed and directed in the genomic study of variants of concern, as well as vaccination data in the study region.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Pamplona Pagnossa
- Department of Biological Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University, PUC-Minas, Poços de Caldas 37714-620, Brazil
| | - Sarah de Oliveira Rodrigues
- Department of Biological Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University, PUC-Minas, Poços de Caldas 37714-620, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Ferrari de Oliveira
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Pontifical Catholic University, PUC-Minas, Poços de Caldas 37714-620, Brazil
| | - Mohd Adnan
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Hail, P.O. Box 2440, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maryam Saud Aljaid
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Taif University, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Isabela Bacelar de Assis
- Department of Biological Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University, PUC-Minas, Poços de Caldas 37714-620, Brazil
| | | | - Mitesh Patel
- Department of Biotechnology, Parul Institute of Applied Sciences and Centre of Research for Development, Parul University, Vadodara 391760, India
| | - Hanan A. Ogaly
- Chemistry Department, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza 12211, Egypt
| | - Gaber El-Saber Batiha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour 22511, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Diezma-Díaz C, Álvarez-García G, Regidor-Cerrillo J, Miró G, Villanueva-Saz S, Dolores Pérez M, Verde MT, Galán-Malo P, Brun A, Moreno S, Checa R, Montoya A, Van Voorhis WC, Ortega-Mora LM. A comparative study of eight serological methods shows that spike protein-based ELISAs are the most accurate tests for serodiagnosing SARS-CoV-2 infections in cats and dogs. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1121935. [PMID: 36777670 PMCID: PMC9909348 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1121935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an infectious zoonotic disease caused by SARS-CoV-2. Monitoring the infection in pets is recommended for human disease surveillance, prevention, and control since the virus can spread from people to animals during close contact. Several diagnostic tests have been adapted from humans to animals, but limited data on the validation process are available. Methods Herein, the first comparative study of six "in house" and two commercial serological tests developed to monitor SARS-CoV-2 infection in pets was performed with a well-coded panel of sera (61 cat sera and 74 dog sera) with a conservative criterion (viral seroneutralisation and/or RT-qPCR results) as a reference. Four "in house" tests based on either the RBD fragment of the spike protein (RBD-S) or the N-terminal fragment of the nucleoprotein (N) were developed for the first time. The analytical specificity (ASp) of those tests that showed the best diagnostic performance was assessed. The validation included the analysis of a panel of sera obtained pre-pandemic from cats and dogs infected with other coronaviruses to determine the analytical Sp (17 cat sera and 41 dog sera). Results and discussion ELISAS based on the S protein are recommended in serosurveillance studies for cats (RBD-S SALUVET ELISA, ELISA COVID UNIZAR and INgezim® COVID 19 S VET) and dogs (INgezim® COVID 19 S VET and RBD-S SALUVET ELISA). These tests showed higher diagnostic sensitivity (Se) and DSp in cats (>90%) than in dogs. When sera obtained prior to the pandemic and from animals infected with other coronaviruses were analyzed by RBD-S and N SALUVET ELISAs and INgezim® COVID 19 S VET, a few cross reactors or no cross reactions were detected when dog and cat sera were analyzed by tests based on the S protein, respectively. In contrast, the number of cross reactions increased when the test was based on the N protein. Thus, the use of tests based on the N protein was discarded for serodiagnosis purposes. The results obtained revealed the most accurate serological tests for each species. Further studies should attempt to improve the diagnostic performance of serological tests developed for dogs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Diezma-Díaz
- SALUVET, Animal Health Department, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, Madrid, Spain
- SALUVET-Innova S.L., Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Gema Álvarez-García
- SALUVET, Animal Health Department, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Regidor-Cerrillo
- SALUVET-Innova S.L., Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Guadalupe Miró
- PetParasiteLab, Animal Health Department, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sergio Villanueva-Saz
- Clinical Immunology Laboratory, Department of Animal Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2), Zaragoza University and Agro-food Research and Technology Centre of Aragon, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - María Dolores Pérez
- Food Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, AgriFood Institute of Aragón (IA2) Zaragoza University and Agro-food Research and Technology Centre of Aragon, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - María Teresa Verde
- Clinical Immunology Laboratory, Department of Animal Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2), Zaragoza University and Agro-food Research and Technology Centre of Aragon, Zaragoza, Spain
| | | | - Alejandro Brun
- Animal Health Research Centre, Spanish National Institute for Agricultural and Food Research and Technology/Spanish National Research Council (INIA/CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Sandra Moreno
- Animal Health Research Centre, Spanish National Institute for Agricultural and Food Research and Technology/Spanish National Research Council (INIA/CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Rocío Checa
- PetParasiteLab, Animal Health Department, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Montoya
- PetParasiteLab, Animal Health Department, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, Madrid, Spain
| | - Wesley C. Van Voorhis
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Center for Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Luis Miguel Ortega-Mora
- SALUVET, Animal Health Department, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Sawan D, Mashlah AM, Hajeer MY, Aljoujou AA. Assessment of the Possible Correlation between the Presence of Helicobacter Pylori Infection and Hairy Tongue Lesion in a Group of Patients in Syria: A Cross-Sectional and Pilot Study. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2023; 20:1324. [PMID: 36674080 PMCID: PMC9859221 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20021324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to evaluate the correlation between the presence of hairy tongue and H. pylori infection in patients referring to their blood test based on the serum levels of anti-H pylori IgG antibodies. METHODS This cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Oral Medicine, University of Damascus Dental School, between February 2021 and January 2022. The sample size of 40 patients (23 males, 17 females), whose ages ranged from 20-79 years with a mean age of 41.5 ± 12 years, was calculated using the G*power 3.1.3, with a statistical power of 80% and a significance level of 0.05. The hairy tongue index was assessed by a visual method based on observing the dorsum tongue appearance. Then, a blood test was performed to detect the presence of H. pylori by Immulite 2000 XPi. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software 22.0, Chi-square. RESULTS The prevalence of hairy tongue was higher among males (75%) as compared to females (25%) and was found to be statistically significant (p = 0.026). The hairy tongue lesions were found to be least in the 20-39 age group and most prevalent in the 40-59 age group, without statistically significant correlation. H. pylori infection was detected positive in 70% and negative in 30% of hairy tongue patients, compared to the control group, where the rates were 15% and 85%, respectively, with a statistically significant correlation between infection with H. pylori and hairy tongue (p = 0.001). CONCLUSION Our results strongly suggest that the hairy tongue might be considered an indicator of H. pylori infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dania Sawan
- Department of Oral Medicine, College of Dentistry, Damascus University, Damascus MY1 HAJ72, Syria
| | - Ammar M. Mashlah
- Department of Oral Medicine, College of Dentistry, Damascus University, Damascus MY1 HAJ72, Syria
| | - Mohammad Younis Hajeer
- Department of Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, Damascus University, Damascus MY1 HAJ72, Syria
| | - Abeer A. Aljoujou
- Department of Oral Medicine, College of Dentistry, Damascus University, Damascus MY1 HAJ72, Syria
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Kim JW, Park WJ, Kim SS, Lee JY, Yang JS. Time Course Evaluation of Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assays Based on Cell-Free Recombinant Proteins for Detection of Antibodies against Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0295322. [PMID: 36416538 PMCID: PMC9769967 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02953-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Won Kim
- Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Woo-Jung Park
- Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Sung Soon Kim
- Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Joo-Yeon Lee
- Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Jeong-Sun Yang
- Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Zheng X, Duan RH, Gong F, Wei X, Dong Y, Chen R, yue Liang M, Tang C, Lu L. Accuracy of serological tests for COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Public Health 2022; 10:923525. [PMID: 36589993 PMCID: PMC9800917 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.923525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To determine the diagnostic accuracy of serological tests for coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19). Methods PubMed, Embase and the Cochrane Library were searched from January 1 2020 to September 2 2022. We included studies that measured the sensitivity, specificity or both qualities of a COVID-19 serological test and a reference standard of a viral culture or reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The risk of bias was assessed by using quality assessment of diagnostic accuracy studies 2 (QUADAS-2). The primary outcomes included overall sensitivity and specificity, as stratified by the methods of serological testing [enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs), lateral flow immunoassays (LFIAs) or chemiluminescent immunoassays (CLIAs)] and immunoglobulin classes (IgG, IgM, or both). Secondary outcomes were stratum-specific sensitivity and specificity within the subgroups, as defined by study or participant characteristics, which included the time from the onset of symptoms, testing via commercial kits or an in-house assay, antigen target, clinical setting, serological kit as the index test and the type of specimen for the RT-PCR reference test. Results Eight thousand seven hundred and eighty-five references were identified and 169 studies included. Overall, we judged the risk of bias to be high in 47.9 % (81/169) of the studies, and a low risk of applicability concerns was found in 100% (169/169) of the studies. For each method of testing, the pooled sensitivity of the ELISAs ranged from 81 to 82%, with sensitivities ranging from 69 to 70% for the LFIAs and 77% to 79% for the CLIAs. Among the evaluated tests, IgG (80-81%)-based tests exhibited better sensitivities than IgM-based tests (66-68%). IgG/IgM-based CLIA had the highest sensitivity [87% (86-88%)]. All of the tests displayed high specificity (97-98%). Heterogeneity was observed in all of the analyses. The detection of nucleocapsid protein (77-80%) as the antigen target was found to offer higher sensitivity results than surface protein detection (66-68%). Sensitivity was higher in the in-house assays (78-79%) than in the commercial kits (47-48%). Conclusion Among the evaluated tests, ELISA and CLIA tests performed better in terms of sensitivity than did the LFIA. IgG-based tests had higher sensitivity than IgM-based tests, and combined IgG/IgM test-based CLIA tests had the best overall diagnostic test accuracy. The type of sample, serological kit and timing of use of the specific tests were associated with the diagnostic accuracy. Due to the limitations of the serological tests, other techniques should be quickly approved to provide guidance for the correct diagnosis of COVID-19.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Zheng
- School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rui hua Duan
- First Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fen Gong
- First Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaojing Wei
- Medical College of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Rehabilitation, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu Dong
- Medical College of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Rehabilitation, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rouhao Chen
- Medical College of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Rehabilitation, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ming yue Liang
- Medical College of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Rehabilitation, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chunzhi Tang
- Medical College of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Rehabilitation, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China,*Correspondence: Chunzhi Tang
| | - Liming Lu
- Medical College of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Rehabilitation, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China,Liming Lu
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Seegers V, Rousseau G, Zhou K, Blanc-Lapierre A, Bigot F, Mahammedi H, Lambert A, Moreau-Bachelard C, Campone M, Conroy T, Penault-Llorca F, Boisdron-Celle M, Bellanger M, Raoul JL. COVID-19 Vaccination Campaign in Cancer Patients and Healthcare Workers-Results from a French Prospective Multicenter Cohort (PAPESCO-19). Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14. [PMID: 36428640 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14225547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In this prospective, real-life cohort study, we followed 523 cancer patients (CP) and 579 healthcare workers (HCW) from two cancer centers to evaluate the biological and clinical results of the COVID-19 vaccination campaign. Seventy percent of the CP and 90% of the HCW received an mRNA vaccine or the AZD1222 vaccine. Seropositivity was high after the first vaccine among HCW and poor among CP. The second dose resulted in almost 100% seropositivity in both cohorts. Antibody response was higher after the second injection than the first in both populations. Despite at least two doses, 8 CP (1.5%) and 14 HCW (2.4%) were infected, corresponding either to a weak level of antibody or a new strain of virus (particularly the Omicron variant of concern). Sixteen CP and three HCW were hospitalized but none of them died from COVID-19. To conclude, this study showed that two doses of COVID-19 vaccines were crucially necessary to attain sufficient seropositivity. However, the post-vaccination antibody level declines in individuals from the two cohorts and could not totally prevent new SARS-CoV-2 infections.
Collapse
|
13
|
Yu T, Che J, Song J, Duan X, Yang J. Annular rupioid secondary syphilis confined to the face. Int J Infect Dis 2022; 122:644-646. [PMID: 35842215 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2022.07.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Syphilis is a sexually transmitted infection (STI) caused by treponema pallidum. Its rash usually affects the trunk and limbs extensively, including the palms and soles of the feet. Secondary syphilis confined to the face is extremely rare. We report a case of annular rupioid secondary syphilis, which was misdiagnosed as verruca vulgaris. The patient's lesions were confined to the face and resembled oyster shells. According to epidemiological history, clinical presentation, non-treponemal tests, treponemal tests, and effective benzathine penicillin G treatment, confirmed secondary syphilis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tianhang Yu
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hospital of North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei Province, China
| | - Jiaozi Che
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Chengde Central Hospital, Chengde, Hebei Province, China
| | - Jikai Song
- Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Qingdao University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xinsuo Duan
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical College, Chengde, Hebei Province, China.
| | - Jie Yang
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hospital of North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei Province, China.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Tomaiuolo R, Restelli U, Faggiano FC, Di Resta C, Al Bitar Nehme S, Giuliani F, Derrico P, Ricciardi W, Banfi G, Ritrovato M. Health technology assessment to employ COVID-19 serological tests as companion diagnostics in the vaccination campaign against SARS-CoV-2. Clin Chem Lab Med 2022; 60:1463-1477. [PMID: 35749147 DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2022-0262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In scenarios of vaccine scarcity or contexts of organizational complexity, it is necessary to define prioritization strategies for allocating vaccine doses in compliance with the criterion of equity and efficiency of health resources. In this context, the COVIDIAGNOSTIX project, based on the health technology assessment (HTA), assessed the role of SARS-CoV-2 serological tests as a companion diagnostic in the definition of the vaccination strategies for the vaccine administration. To guarantee evidence support for health policy choices, two different vaccine strategies were analyzed, one based on administering the vaccine booster dose to the entire population (VACCINE strategy) and the other based on allocation criteria (TEST&VACCINE strategy). METHODS The decision-oriented HTA (DoHTA) method, integrated with specific modeling and simulation techniques, helped define the perimeter to make health policy choices. RESULTS The processing of the scores attributed to the key performance indicators concerning all the evaluation domains shows a performance of 94.34% for the TEST&VACCINE strategy and 83.87% for the VACCINE strategy. CONCLUSIONS TEST&VACCINE strategy can be the most advantageous in various scenarios due to greater speed from an operational and an economic point of view. The assessment schemes defined by COVIDIAGNOSTIX (i.e., technologies/intended use/settings) can easily and quickly be exported and adapted to respond to similar health "policy questions".
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Umberto Restelli
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milan, Italy.,LIUC - Università Cattaneo, Castellanza, Varese, Italy
| | | | | | - Sami Al Bitar Nehme
- Microbiology and Immunology Diagnostics, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Giuliani
- IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Foggia, Italy
| | | | | | - Giuseppe Banfi
- Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy.,IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milan, Italy
| | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Krishnapura Lakshminarayana S, Devadas S, Bharath K, Kariyappa M, Byadarahalli Keshavamurthy B, S Bagewadi M, Veeranna Sajjan S, Vineet D, Mohammed T. Early congenital syphilis: missed opportunities in a mother owing to many problems during pregnancy - a case report. Paediatr Int Child Health 2022; 42:89-94. [PMID: 35400316 DOI: 10.1080/20469047.2022.2044676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Untreated syphilis in pregnancy can result in an adverse outcome for the fetus. A multigravida woman with a previously poor obstetric history of early neonatal death, abortion and stillbirth was admitted in labour in the 7th month of pregnancy. On admission, syphilis screening with the qualitative rapid plasma reagin (RPR) test was negative. The infant had macules on the chest, abdomen and extremities, desquamating bullous skin lesions on the palms and soles, bilateral cataracts, an enlarged liver and spleen, anaemia, thrombocytopenia and conjugated hyperbilirubinaemia. A quantitative RPR test in the infant was positive in a 1:64 dilution and was subsequently positive in the mother in a 1:16 dilution after congenital syphilis was diagnosed. The mother later reported the father's high-risk behaviour and her previous visits to healthcare facilities for genital ulcers. The quantitative RPR test in the father was positive in a 1:32 dilution, and the parents and infant were treated for syphilis. The case demonstrates the importance of timely identification of high-risk pregnant women, early screening, repetition of the non-treponemal test on diluted serum when a routine screening test is negative, proper advice from the laboratory regarding selection of the most appropriate tests, and screening with the treponemal test first (reverse) algorithm utilising an automated enzyme immunoassay/chemiluminescence assay for the initial screening in high-risk cases, even in resource-limited settings to prevent a missed diagnosis.Abbreviations: ANC, antenatal care; BPG, benzathine penicillin G; CS, congenital syphilis; CSF, cerebrospinal fluid; CIA, chemiluminescence assay; EIA, enzyme immunoassay; HIC: high-income countries; IgM, immunoglobulin M; LMIC, low- and middle-income countries; MTCT: mother-to-child transmission; NTT, non-treponemal test; POC, point of care; RPR, rapid plasma reagin; RST, rapid syphilis test; STI, sexually transmitted infections; TT, treponemal test; TPHA, Treponema pallidum haemagglutination assay; VDRL, venereal disease research laboratory; WHO, World Health Organization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sahana Devadas
- Department of Paediatrics, Vani Vilas Hospital, Bangalore Medical College and Research Institute, Bengaluru, India
| | - K Bharath
- Department of Paediatrics, Vani Vilas Hospital, Bangalore Medical College and Research Institute, Bengaluru, India
| | - Mallesh Kariyappa
- Department of Paediatrics, Vani Vilas Hospital, Bangalore Medical College and Research Institute, Bengaluru, India
| | | | - Megha S Bagewadi
- Department of Paediatrics, Vani Vilas Hospital, Bangalore Medical College and Research Institute, Bengaluru, India
| | - Sushma Veeranna Sajjan
- Department of Paediatrics, Vani Vilas Hospital, Bangalore Medical College and Research Institute, Bengaluru, India
| | - Dadegal Vineet
- Department of Paediatrics, Vani Vilas Hospital, Bangalore Medical College and Research Institute, Bengaluru, India
| | - Thanzir Mohammed
- Department of Paediatrics, Vani Vilas Hospital, Bangalore Medical College and Research Institute, Bengaluru, India
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Hu Z, Zhang Y, Hu J, Hu S, Liu X. Characterization of antibody response to an epitope spanning the haemagglutinin cleavage site of H7N9 subtype avian influenza virus for differentiation of infected and vaccinated chickens. Avian Pathol 2022; 51:330-338. [PMID: 35297704 DOI: 10.1080/03079457.2022.2054308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
AbstractH7N9 subtype avian influenza virus (AIV) is endemic in poultry in China and vaccination is used as the primary strategy for disease control. However, monitoring H7N9 virus infection in vaccinated poultry by current serological tests is difficult because vaccine-induced antibodies are not readily distinguishable from those induced by field viruses. Therefore, a test that differentiates infected and vaccinated animals (DIVA) is critical for H7N9 virus monitoring. However, no DIVA test is available for H7N9 subtype AIV. In this study, the potential of an epitope (the peptide 11) spanning the haemagglutinin (HA) cleavage site as a DIVA antigen for H7N9 virus was investigated. The results showed that the H7N9 virus infection sera and post-challenge sera obtained from H7N9 vaccinated chickens reacted with the peptide 11, whereas the sera elicited by inactivated and viral-vectored H7N9 vaccines had no reactivity with this peptide. The peptide 11 was further split in two peptides at the HA cleavage site, and the truncated peptides failed to discriminate H7N9 infected and vaccinated chickens. The peptide 11 locates in a prominent surface loop in the HA protein and contains highly conserved residues in the HA cleavage site among the H7N9 subtype and different subtypes of group 1 and 2, suggesting the potential of this peptide as a broad DIVA antigen for influenza viruses. Our study highlighted that the peptide 11 is a promising DIVA antigen and serological tests based on this peptide may serve as useful tools for monitoring H7N9 virus infection in vaccinated poultry in the field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zenglei Hu
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yanyan Zhang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Infectious Diseases, School of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Jiao Hu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Infectious Diseases, School of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Shunlin Hu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Infectious Diseases, School of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Xiufan Liu
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Infectious Diseases, School of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Moyet J, Joseph C, Brochot E, Defouilloy I, Brasseur T, Smarandache C, Boutalha S, Castelain S, Schmit JL, Bloch F. COVID-19 serology in nursing homes and long-term care facilities: prevalence of seroconversion in the Amiens-Picardie University Hospital. Geriatr Psychol Neuropsychiatr Vieil 2021:pnv.2021.0988. [PMID: 34903505 DOI: 10.1684/pnv.2021.0988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Since December 2019, an emerging infectious viral disease triggered by SARS-CoV-2 has caused a global pandemic. Elderly people, being more fragile, are the most affected by the severity and lethality of this disease. The residential care facility for dependent elderly people (Ehpad) and the long-term care facilities at the Amiens University Hospital registered their first COVID-19 cases in February 2020, which lead to the opening of a dedicated COVID-19 unit and aspecific protocol for isolation. METHODS This descriptive study analysed the prevalence of COVID-19 seroconversion within the Ehpad and the long-term care facilities at the Amiens University Hospital. Both this screening test and the nasopharyngeal swab PCRs were used to assess the impact of the COVID-19 epidemic on the residents of the Ehpad and the long-term care facilities. RESULTS On 15 and 16 June 2020, the serological tests for COVID-19 were positive for 146 (66.1%) of the residents tested. The seroconversion rate was significantly different (p < 0.001) between the Ehpad (88.7%) and the long-term care facility (45.6%). DISCUSSION During the epidemic, there was no excess mortality index within the Ehpad and the long-term care facility services of the Amiens University Hospital. Among frail patients, the role of immunosenescence can be evoked to account for the absence of this inflammatory reaction. This study showed that isolating the infected patient in a dedicated unit significantly reduces the risk of seroconversion and contamination compared to isolating them within their own unit.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julien Moyet
- Service de gériatrie, CHU d'Amiens-Picardie, Amiens, France
| | - Cédric Joseph
- Service des maladies infectieuses, CHU d'Amiens-Picardie, Amiens, France
| | - Etienne Brochot
- Laboratoire de virologie, CHU d'Amiens-Picardie, Amiens, France, UR4294, Équipe AGIR, CHU d'Amiens-Picardie, Amiens, France
| | | | | | | | - Samir Boutalha
- Service de gériatrie, CHU d'Amiens-Picardie, Amiens, France
| | - Sandrine Castelain
- Laboratoire de virologie, CHU d'Amiens-Picardie, Amiens, France, UR4294, Équipe AGIR, CHU d'Amiens-Picardie, Amiens, France
| | - Jean-Luc Schmit
- Service des maladies infectieuses, CHU d'Amiens-Picardie, Amiens, France, Laboratoire de virologie, CHU d'Amiens-Picardie, Amiens, France, UR4294, Équipe AGIR, CHU d'Amiens-Picardie, Amiens, France
| | - Frédéric Bloch
- Service de gériatrie, CHU d'Amiens-Picardie, Amiens, France, Service des maladies infectieuses, CHU d'Amiens-Picardie, Amiens, France, Laboratoire de virologie, CHU d'Amiens-Picardie, Amiens, France, UR4294, Équipe AGIR, CHU d'Amiens-Picardie, Amiens, France, Laboratoire de neurosciences fonctionnelles et pathologies-EA 4559, Université Picardie Jules-Verne, Amiens, France
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Lagousi T, Routsias J, Spoulou V. Development of an Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) for Accurate and Prompt Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Diagnosis Using the Rational Selection of Serological Biomarkers. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:1970. [PMID: 34829317 PMCID: PMC8618656 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11111970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Prompt COVID-19 diagnosis is urgently required to support infection control measures. Currently available serological tests for measuring SARS-CoV-2 antibodies use different target antigens, although their sensitivity and specificity presents a challenge. We aimed to develop an "in-house" serological ELISA to measure antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 by combining different protein antigens. Sera (n = 44) from COVID-19-confirmed patients were evaluated against different SARS-CoV-2 protein antigens and all potential combinations using ELISA. Patients' sera were also evaluated against commercially available ELISA diagnostic kits. The mixture containing RBD 2.5 μg/mL, S2 1 μg/mL and N 1.5 μg/mL was found to be the most potent. Plates were incubated with patients' sera (1:100), and goat anti-human alkaline phosphatase-conjugated IgG, ΙgM and IgA antibody was added. The cut-off value for each assay was determined using the mean optical density plus two standard deviations of pre-pandemic controls. The "in-house" ELISA displayed 91% sensitivity and 97% specificity for IgG antibodies, whereas its sensitivity and specificity for IgM and IgA were 75% and 95% and 73% and 91%, respectively. The "in-house" ELISA developed here combined three SARS-CoV-2 antigens (RBD, S2 and N) as capture antigens and displayed comparable and even higher sensitivity and specificity than otherwise quite reliable commercially available ELISA diagnostic kits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Theano Lagousi
- First Department of Paediatrics, “Aghia Sophia” Children’s Hospital, Immunology and Vaccinology Research Laboratory and Infectious Diseases Department “MAKKA”, Athens Medical School, 11527 Athens, Greece;
- University Research Institute for the Study of Genetic & Malignant Disorders in Childhood, First Department of Paediatrics, Aghia Sofia Children’s Hospital, Athens Medical School, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - John Routsias
- Department of Microbiology, Athens Medical School, 11527 Athens, Greece;
| | - Vana Spoulou
- First Department of Paediatrics, “Aghia Sophia” Children’s Hospital, Immunology and Vaccinology Research Laboratory and Infectious Diseases Department “MAKKA”, Athens Medical School, 11527 Athens, Greece;
- University Research Institute for the Study of Genetic & Malignant Disorders in Childhood, First Department of Paediatrics, Aghia Sofia Children’s Hospital, Athens Medical School, 11527 Athens, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Moyet J, Joseph C, Brochot E, Defouilloy I, Brasseur T, Smarandache C, Boutalha S, Castelain S, Schmit JL, Bloch F. [Covid-19 serology in nursing home and long-term care: prevalence of seroconversion in the Amiens-Picardie University Hospital]. Geriatr Psychol Neuropsychiatr Vieil 2021; 19:274-278. [PMID: 34387193 DOI: 10.1684/pnv.2021.0952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Since December 2019, an emerging infectious viral disease implicating a coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 has caused a global pandemic. Elderly people, being more fragile, are the most affected by the severity and lethality of this disease. The NH and LTCU of the Amiens University Hospital registered their first Covid-19 cases in February 2020, which lead to the opening of a Covid-19 dedicated unit and of specific protocol for confinement. This descriptive study was analyzing the prevalence of Covid-19 seroconversion within the NH and the LTCU of the Amiens University Hospital. Both this screening test and the nasopharyngeal swab PCRs were in order to assess the impact of the Covid-19 epidemic in NH and LTCU. On June 15th and 16th, the serological tests for Covid-19 were positive for 146 (66.1%) of the residents tested. The seroconversion rate was significantly different (p < 0.001) between the NH (88.7%) and the LTCU (45.6%). During the epidemic, there was no excess mortality index within the NH and LTCU services of the Amiens University Hospital. Among frail patients, the role of immunosenescence can be discussed to account for the absence of this inflammatory reaction. This study showed that isolating the infected patient in a dedicated unit significantly reduces the risk of seroconversion and contamination compared to isolating them within their own unit.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julien Moyet
- Service de gériatrie, CHU Amiens-Picardie, Amiens, France
| | - Cédric Joseph
- Service des maladies infectieuses, CHU Amiens-Picardie, Amiens, France
| | - Etienne Brochot
- Laboratoire de virologie, CHU Amiens-Picardie, Amiens, France, UR4294, Équipe AGIR, CHU Amiens-Picardie, Amiens, France
| | | | | | | | - Samir Boutalha
- Service de gériatrie, CHU Amiens-Picardie, Amiens, France
| | - Sandrine Castelain
- Laboratoire de virologie, CHU Amiens-Picardie, Amiens, France, UR4294, Équipe AGIR, CHU Amiens-Picardie, Amiens, France
| | - Jean-Luc Schmit
- Service des maladies infectieuses, CHU Amiens-Picardie, Amiens, France, UR4294, Équipe AGIR, CHU Amiens-Picardie, Amiens, France
| | - Frédéric Bloch
- Service de gériatrie, CHU Amiens-Picardie, Amiens, France, Laboratoire de neurosciences fonctionnelles et pathologies - EA 4559, Université Picardie Jules-Verne, Amiens, France
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Bonifacio M, Tiribelli M, Miggiano MC, Abruzzese E, Binotto G, Scaffidi L, Cordioli M, Damiani D, Di Bona E, Trawinska MM, Tanasi I, Dubbini MV, Velotta V, Ceccarelli G, Pierdomenico E, Lo Schirico M, Semenzato G, Ruggeri M, Fanin R, Tacconelli E, Pizzolo G, Krampera M. The serological prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia is similar to that in the general population. Cancer Med 2021; 10:6310-6316. [PMID: 34464516 PMCID: PMC8446554 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.4179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Patients with hematological malignancies are at an increased risk of SARS‐CoV‐2 disease (COVID‐19) and adverse outcome. However, a low mortality rate has been reported in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). Preclinical evidence suggests that tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) may have a protective role against severe COVID‐19. Methods We conducted a cross‐sectional study of 564 consecutive patients with CML who were tested for anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 IgG/IgM antibodies at their first outpatient visit between May and early November 2020 in five hematologic centers representative of three Italian regions. Results The estimated serological prevalence of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection in patients with CML after the first pandemic wave was similar to that in the general population (about 2%), both at national and regional levels. CML patients with positive anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 serology were more frequently male (p = 0.027) and active workers (p = 0.012), while there was no significant association with TKI treatment type. Only 3 out of 11 IgG‐positive patients had previously received a molecular diagnosis of COVID‐19, while the remainders were asymptomatic or with mild symptoms. Conclusions Our data confirm that the course of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection in patients with CML is generally mild and reassure about the safety of continuing TKIs during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Furthermore, we suggest that patients with CML succeed to mount an antibody response after exposure to SARS‐CoV‐2, similar to the general population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Mario Tiribelli
- Division of Hematology and BMT, Department of Medical Area, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Maria Cristina Miggiano
- Hematology Department, San Bortolo Hospital, Azienda ULSS8 "Berica" of Vicenza, Vicenza, Italy
| | | | - Gianni Binotto
- Padua School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Hematology and Clinical Immunology, Padua, Italy
| | - Luigi Scaffidi
- Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Maddalena Cordioli
- Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, Section of Infectious Diseases, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Daniela Damiani
- Division of Hematology and BMT, Department of Medical Area, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Eros Di Bona
- Hematology Department, San Bortolo Hospital, Azienda ULSS8 "Berica" of Vicenza, Vicenza, Italy
| | | | - Ilaria Tanasi
- Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Maria Vittoria Dubbini
- Division of Hematology and BMT, Department of Medical Area, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Vanessa Velotta
- Hematology, S. Eugenio Hospital, ASL Roma2, Tor Vergata University, Rome, Italy
| | - Giulia Ceccarelli
- Hematology, S. Eugenio Hospital, ASL Roma2, Tor Vergata University, Rome, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Pierdomenico
- Padua School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Hematology and Clinical Immunology, Padua, Italy
| | - Mariella Lo Schirico
- Padua School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Hematology and Clinical Immunology, Padua, Italy
| | - Gianpietro Semenzato
- Padua School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Hematology and Clinical Immunology, Padua, Italy
| | - Marco Ruggeri
- Hematology Department, San Bortolo Hospital, Azienda ULSS8 "Berica" of Vicenza, Vicenza, Italy
| | - Renato Fanin
- Division of Hematology and BMT, Department of Medical Area, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Evelina Tacconelli
- Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, Section of Infectious Diseases, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Giovanni Pizzolo
- Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Mauro Krampera
- Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Cao L, Zhao S, Li Q, Ling L, Wu WKK, Zhang L, Lou J, Chong MKC, Chen Z, Wong ELY, Zee BCY, Chan MTV, Chan PKS, Wang MH. A Bayesian method for synthesizing multiple diagnostic outcomes of COVID-19 tests. R Soc Open Sci 2021; 8:201867. [PMID: 34540238 PMCID: PMC8441124 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.201867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has spread worldwide and threatened human life. Diagnosis is crucial to contain the spread of SARS-CoV-2 infections and save lives. Diagnostic tests for COVID-19 have varying sensitivity and specificity, and the false-negative results would have substantial consequences to patient treatment and pandemic control. To detect all suspected infections, multiple testing is widely used. However, it may be challenging to build an assertion when the testing results are inconsistent. Considering the situation where there is more than one diagnostic outcome for each subject, we proposed a Bayesian probabilistic framework based on the sensitivity and specificity of each diagnostic method to synthesize a posterior probability of being infected by SARS-CoV-2. We demonstrated that the synthesized posterior outcome outperformed each individual testing outcome. A user-friendly web application was developed to implement our analytic framework with free access via http://www2.ccrb.cuhk.edu.hk/statgene/COVID_19/. The web application enables the real-time display of the integrated outcome incorporating two or more tests and calculated based on Bayesian posterior probability. A simulation-based assessment demonstrated higher accuracy and precision of the Bayesian probabilistic model compared with a single-test outcome. The online tool developed in this study can assist physicians in making clinical evaluations by effectively integrating multiple COVID-19 tests.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lirong Cao
- JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- Clinical Trials and Biostatistics Lab, CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
| | - Shi Zhao
- JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- Clinical Trials and Biostatistics Lab, CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Li
- JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- Clinical Trials and Biostatistics Lab, CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
| | - Lowell Ling
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - William K. K. Wu
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Lin Zhang
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Jingzhi Lou
- JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Marc K. C. Chong
- JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- Clinical Trials and Biostatistics Lab, CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
| | - Zigui Chen
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Eliza L. Y. Wong
- JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Benny C. Y. Zee
- JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- Clinical Trials and Biostatistics Lab, CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
| | - Matthew T. V. Chan
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Paul K. S. Chan
- Department of Microbiology, Stanley Ho Centre for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Maggie H. Wang
- JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- Clinical Trials and Biostatistics Lab, CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Basgalupp S, Dos Santos G, Bessel M, Garcia L, de Moura AC, Rocha AC, Brito E, de Miranda G, Dornelles T, Dartora W, Pellanda L, Hallal P, Wendland E. Diagnostic Properties of Three SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Tests. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:1441. [PMID: 34441375 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11081441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Serological assays emerged as complementary tools to RT-PCR in the diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 as well as being needed for epidemiological studies. This study aimed to assess the performance of a rapid test (RT) compared to that of serological tests using finger prick blood samples. A total of 183 samples were evaluated, 88 of which were collected from individuals with negative RT-PCR and 95 from positive RT-PCR individuals. The diagnostic performance of RT (WONDFO®) and LUMIT (PROMEGA®) were compared to that of ELISA (EUROIMMUN®) for detecting antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 according to time from symptoms onset. The IgG antibody tests were detected in 77.4% (LUMIT), 77.9% (RT), and 80.0% (ELISA) of individuals. The detection of antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 increases in accordance with increasing time from symptoms onset. Considering only time from symptoms onset >21 days, the positivity rate ranged from 81.8 to 97.0% between the three tests. The RT and LUMIT showed high agreement with ELISA (agreement = 91.5%, k = 0.83, and agreement = 96.3%, k = 0.9, respectively) in individuals who had symptoms 15 to 21 days before sample collection. Compared to that of the ELISA assay, our results show sensitivity ranged from 95% to 100% for IgG antibody detection in individuals with symptoms onset between 15 and 21 days before sample collection. The specificity was 100% in individuals with symptoms onset >15 days before serological tests. This study shows good performance and high level of agreement of three immunoassays for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies.
Collapse
|
23
|
Rastawicki W, Płaza K. The level of protective post-vaccination antibodies in NIPH-NIH employees after administration of Pfizer vaccine against COVID-19. Przegl Epidemiol 2021; 75:3-13. [PMID: 34328282 DOI: 10.32394/pe.75.01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The new SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus, first recognized in China in 2019, within a few months caused a global pandemic of a disease called COVID-19. The high incidence and mortality of COVID-19 was the reason for the beginning of intensive work on the development of an effective vaccine. In Poland, mass vaccinations against this disease began at the end of December 2020. OBJECTIVES The aim of the presented study was to determine the effectiveness of stimulating the production of specific antibodies for SARS-CoV-2 by the Pfizer vaccine. MATERIAL AND METHODS The presence of IgA and IgG antibodies to the spike (S protein) of SARSCoV-2 was tested by the ELISA/Euroimmun in serum samples obtained from 140 the employees of NIPH-NIH (137 were vaccinated). In addition, the presence of IgG antibodies to S protein, nucleoprotein, and mixture of both in selected serum samples was tested by the newly developed in NIPH-NIH in-house ELISA assay. RESULTS IgA and IgG antibodies to the S protein of the SARS-CoV-2 were detected by ELISA/Euroimmun, respectively in 136 and in all 137 vaccinated persons. There were no statistically significant differences in the level of antibodies depending on the sex and age of the vaccinated persons. Slightly higher levels of antibodies have been demonstrated in vaccinated subjects with documented preexisting SARS-CoV-2 immunity compared to subjects without COVID-19 history. The presence of IgA and IgG antibodies was found in respectively, 18 (45.0%) and all 40 (100.0%) tested vaccinated persons by the in-house ELISA with mixture antigen. The study showed that ELISA assay with N protein as an antigen may enable the distinction between antibodies acquired after infection and after vaccination. CONCLUSIONS The results obtained in the presented study clearly demonstrate the high effectiveness of the Pfizer vaccine in stimulation of the human immune system to produce antibodies specific for the S protein of the SARS-CoV-2. It is necessary to continue testing vaccine antibody levels at various times after vaccination to determine the potential duration of humoral immunity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Waldemar Rastawicki
- National Institute of Public Health - National Institute of Hygiene, Department of Bacteriology and Biocontamination Control
| | - Klaudia Płaza
- National Institute of Public Health - National Institute of Hygiene, Department of Bacteriology and Biocontamination Control
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Mekonnen D, Mengist HM, Derbie A, Nibret E, Munshea A, He H, Li B, Jin T. Diagnostic accuracy of serological tests and kinetics of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 antibody: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Rev Med Virol 2021; 31:e2181. [PMID: 33152146 DOI: 10.1002/rmv.2181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to assess the diagnostic test accuracy (DTA) of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-COV-2) serological test methods and the kinetics of antibody positivity. Systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guideline. We included articles evaluating the diagnostic accuracy of serological tests and the kinetics of antibody positivity. MEDLINE through PubMed, Scopus, medRxiv and bioRxiv were sources of articles. Methodological qualities of included articles were appraised using QUADAS-2 while Metandi performs bivariate meta-analysis of DTA using a generalized linear mixed-model approach. Stata 14 and Review Manager 5.3 were used for data analysis. The summary sensitivity/specificity of chemiluminescence immunoassay (CLIA), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA) were 92% (95% CI: 86%-95%)/99% (CI: 97%-99%), 86% (CI: 82%-89%)/99% (CI: 98%-100%) and 78% (CI: 71%-83%)/98% (95% CI: 96%-99%), respectively. Moreover, CLIA-based assays produced nearly 100% sensitivity within 11-15 days post-symptom onset (DPSO). Based on antibody type, the sensitivity of ELISA-total antibody, CLIA-IgM/G and CLIA-IgG gauged at 94%, 92% and 92%, respectively. The sensitivity of CLIA-RBD assay reached 96%, while LFIA-S demonstrated the lowest sensitivity, 71% (95% CI: 58%-80%). CLIA assays targeting antibodies against RBD considered the best DTA. The antibody positivity rate increased corresponding with DPSO, but there was some decrement when moving from acute phase to convalescent phase of infection. As immunoglobulin isotope-related DTA was heterogeneous, our data have insufficient evidence to recommend CLIA/ELISA for clinical decision-making, but likely to have comparative advantage over RT-qPCR in certain circumstances and geographic regions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Mekonnen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Molecular Medicine, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Diseases, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, University of Science & Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
| | - Hylemariam Mihiretie Mengist
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Molecular Medicine, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Diseases, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, University of Science & Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Awoke Derbie
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
- The Centre for Innovative Drug Development and Therapeutic Trials for Africa (CDTAfrica), Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | | | - Abaineh Munshea
- Department of Biology, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
| | - Hongliang He
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Molecular Medicine, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Diseases, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, University of Science & Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Bofeng Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, University of Science & Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Department of Medical Oncology, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Tengchuan Jin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Molecular Medicine, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Diseases, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, University of Science & Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Yamamoto S, Tanaka A, Kobayashi S, Oshiro Y, Ozeki M, Maeda K, Matsuda K, Miyo K, Mizoue T, Sugiura W, Mitsuya H, Sugiyama H, Ohmagari N. Consistency of the results of rapid serological tests for SARS-CoV-2 among healthcare workers in a large national hospital in Tokyo, Japan. Glob Health Med 2021; 3:90-94. [PMID: 33937571 PMCID: PMC8071682 DOI: 10.35772/ghm.2021.01022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
We assessed the consistency of seropositive results of three rapid immunoassays (Kits A, B, and C) for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) compared to highly accurate serological tests (Abbott and Roche) among healthcare workers in a hospital in Tokyo. The seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 immunoglobulin G was 0.41%, 2.36%, and 0.08% using Kits A, B, and C, respectively. Of the 51 samples that were seropositive on any rapid test, all were seronegative on both the Abbott and the Roche assays. Given that the seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 immunoglobulin G varied widely according to the choice of rapid test and the rapid test results were inconsistent with the results of highly accurate tests, the diagnostic accuracy of rapid serological tests for SARS-CoV-2 should be assessed before introducing these tests for point-of-care testing or surveillance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shohei Yamamoto
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Center for Clinical Sciences, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Kitasato University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Akihito Tanaka
- Department of Laboratory Testing, Center Hospital of the National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinji Kobayashi
- Department of Laboratory Testing, Center Hospital of the National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yusuke Oshiro
- Department of Laboratory Testing, Center Hospital of the National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Ozeki
- Department of Laboratory Testing, Center Hospital of the National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenji Maeda
- Department of Refractory Viral Infection, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kouki Matsuda
- Department of Refractory Viral Infection, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kengo Miyo
- Center of Medical Informatics Intelligence, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Mizoue
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Center for Clinical Sciences, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Wataru Sugiura
- Center for Clinical Sciences, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Mitsuya
- Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Haruhito Sugiyama
- Center Hospital of the National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Norio Ohmagari
- Disease Control and Prevention Center, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Shaffaf T, Ghafar-Zadeh E. COVID-19 Diagnostic Strategies Part II: Protein-Based Technologies. Bioengineering (Basel) 2021; 8:54. [PMID: 33925032 PMCID: PMC8145709 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering8050054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
After the initiation of the current outbreak, humans' lives have been profoundly impacted by COVID-19. During the first months, no rapid and reliable detecting tool was readily available to sufficiently respond to the requirement of massive testing. In this situation, when the development of an effective vaccine requires at least a few months, it is crucial to be prepared by developing and commercializing affordable, accurate, rapid and adaptable biosensors not only to fight Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) but also to be armed to avoid the pandemic in the earliest stages in the future. The COVID-19 diagnostic tools are categorized into two main groups of Nucleic Acid (NA)-based and protein-based tests. To date, nucleic acid-based detection has been announced as the gold-standard strategy for coronavirus detection; however, protein-based tests are promising alternatives for rapid and large-scale screening of susceptible groups. In this review, we discuss the current protein-based biosensing tools, the research advances and the potential protein-detecting strategies for COVID-19 detection. This narrative review aims to highlight the importance of the diagnostic tests, encourage the academic research groups and the companies to eliminate the shortcomings of the current techniques and step forward to mass-producing reliable point-of-care (POC) and point-of-need (PON) adaptable diagnostic tools for large-scale screening in the future outbreaks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tina Shaffaf
- Biologically Inspired Sensors and Actuators Laboratory (BioSA), York University, Toronto, ON M3J1P3, Canada;
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, York University, Toronto, ON M3J1P3, Canada
| | - Ebrahim Ghafar-Zadeh
- Biologically Inspired Sensors and Actuators Laboratory (BioSA), York University, Toronto, ON M3J1P3, Canada;
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, York University, Toronto, ON M3J1P3, Canada
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Lassonde School of Engineering, York University, Toronto, ON M3J1P3, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Guevara-Hoyer K, Fuentes-Antrás J, De la Fuente-Muñoz E, Rodríguez de la Peña A, Viñuela M, Cabello-Clotet N, Estrada V, Culebras E, Delgado-Iribarren A, Martínez-Novillo M, Torrejón MJ, Pérez de Diego R, Fernández-Arquero M, Ocaña A, Pérez-Segura P, Sánchez-Ramón S. Serological Tests in the Detection of SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:diagnostics11040678. [PMID: 33918840 PMCID: PMC8069538 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11040678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Early detection of SARS-CoV-2 is essential for a timely update of health policies and allocation of resources. Particularly, serological testing may allow individuals with low-risk of being contagious of SARS-CoV-2 to return to daily activities. Both private and academic initiatives have sought to develop serological assays to detect anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. Herein, we compared five different assays in active healthcare personnel exposed to SARS-CoV-2 in a large center in Madrid, Spain, in a retrospective study. Median time lapse between polymerase chain-reaction (PCR) and serological testing was 11 days (7-21). All tests assessed IgM/IgG titers except for Euroimmun (IgA/IgG) and The Binding-Site (IgA/IgM/IgG). The highest concordance rate was observed between Dia.Pro and Euroimmun (75.76%), while it was lowest between The Binding-Site and Euroimmun (44.55%). The Binding-Site assay showed the highest concordance (85.52%) with PCR results. Considering PCR results as reference, Dia.Pro was the most sensitive test, although The Binding-Site assay exhibited the highest area under the curve (AUC; 0.85). OrientGene and MAGLUMI tests were performed in a smaller cohort with confirmed infection and thus were not adequate to estimate sensitivity and specificity. The Binding-Site assay presented the best joint sensitivity and specificity among all the tests analyzed in our cohort. Likewise, this serological assay presents a greater repertoire of antibodies and antigen-regions tested, which is why each individual's humoral immunity is more accurately reflected. The better the immunity test, the most adequate the health strategy to take in terms of organization of consultations, surgery, and treatments in vulnerable patients. The three antibody classes (IgG/IgM/IgA) were determined jointly, which translates to an economic impact on healthcare. While their role in the protection status remains elusive, serological tests add a valuable tool in the early management of SARS-CoV-2 after known exposition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kissy Guevara-Hoyer
- Department of Immunology, IML and IdISSC, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (K.G.-H.); (E.D.l.F.-M.); (A.R.d.l.P.); (M.V.); (M.F.-A.)
- Department of Immunology, Ophthalmology and ENT, School of Medicine, Complutense University, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús Fuentes-Antrás
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (J.F.-A.); (A.O.); (P.P.-S.)
| | - Eduardo De la Fuente-Muñoz
- Department of Immunology, IML and IdISSC, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (K.G.-H.); (E.D.l.F.-M.); (A.R.d.l.P.); (M.V.); (M.F.-A.)
- Department of Immunology, Ophthalmology and ENT, School of Medicine, Complutense University, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonia Rodríguez de la Peña
- Department of Immunology, IML and IdISSC, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (K.G.-H.); (E.D.l.F.-M.); (A.R.d.l.P.); (M.V.); (M.F.-A.)
- Department of Immunology, Ophthalmology and ENT, School of Medicine, Complutense University, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Marcos Viñuela
- Department of Immunology, IML and IdISSC, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (K.G.-H.); (E.D.l.F.-M.); (A.R.d.l.P.); (M.V.); (M.F.-A.)
- Department of Immunology, Ophthalmology and ENT, School of Medicine, Complutense University, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Noemí Cabello-Clotet
- Unit of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (N.C.-C.); (V.E.)
| | - Vicente Estrada
- Unit of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (N.C.-C.); (V.E.)
| | - Esther Culebras
- Department of Microbiology, IML and IdISSC, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (E.C.); (A.D.-I.)
| | - Alberto Delgado-Iribarren
- Department of Microbiology, IML and IdISSC, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (E.C.); (A.D.-I.)
| | | | - Maria José Torrejón
- Department of Biochemistry, IML and IdISSC, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Rebeca Pérez de Diego
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics of Human Diseases, IdiPAZ Institute for Health Research, 28029 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Miguel Fernández-Arquero
- Department of Immunology, IML and IdISSC, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (K.G.-H.); (E.D.l.F.-M.); (A.R.d.l.P.); (M.V.); (M.F.-A.)
- Department of Immunology, Ophthalmology and ENT, School of Medicine, Complutense University, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto Ocaña
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (J.F.-A.); (A.O.); (P.P.-S.)
| | - Pedro Pérez-Segura
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (J.F.-A.); (A.O.); (P.P.-S.)
| | - Silvia Sánchez-Ramón
- Department of Immunology, IML and IdISSC, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (K.G.-H.); (E.D.l.F.-M.); (A.R.d.l.P.); (M.V.); (M.F.-A.)
- Department of Immunology, Ophthalmology and ENT, School of Medicine, Complutense University, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-91-3303000 (ext. 3342); Fax: +34-91-3303879
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Werner M, Pervan P, Glück V, Zeman F, Koller M, Burkhardt R, Glück T, Wenzel JJ, Schmidt B, Gessner A, Peterhoff D. Evaluation of a Broad Panel of SARS-CoV-2 Serological Tests for Diagnostic Use. J Clin Med 2021; 10:1580. [PMID: 33918081 PMCID: PMC8070215 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10081580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Serological testing is crucial in detection of previous infection and in monitoring convalescent and vaccine-induced immunity. During the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Corona Virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic, numerous assay platforms have been developed and marketed for clinical use. Several studies recently compared clinical performance of a limited number of serological tests, but broad comparative evaluation is currently missing. Within this study, a panel of 161 sera from SARS-CoV-2 infected, seasonal CoV-infected and SARS-CoV-2 naïve subjects was enrolled to evaluate 16 ELISA/ECLIA-based and 16 LFA-based tests. Specificities of all ELISA/ECLIA-based assays were acceptable and generally in agreement with the providers' specifications, but sensitivities were lower as specified. Results of the LFAs were less accurate as compared to the ELISAs, albeit with some exceptions. We found a sporadic unequal immune response for different antigens and thus recommend the use of a nucleocapsid protein (N)- and spike protein (S)-based test combination when maximal sensitivity is necessary. Finally, the quality of the immune response in terms of neutralization should be tested using S-based IgG tests.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maren Werner
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (M.W.); (B.S.); (A.G.)
| | - Philip Pervan
- Institute for Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (P.P.); (V.G.); (J.J.W.)
| | - Vivian Glück
- Institute for Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (P.P.); (V.G.); (J.J.W.)
| | - Florian Zeman
- Center for Clinical Studies, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (F.Z.); (M.K.)
| | - Michael Koller
- Center for Clinical Studies, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (F.Z.); (M.K.)
| | - Ralph Burkhardt
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany;
| | - Thomas Glück
- Kliniken Südostbayern, 83278 Traunstein/Trostberg, Germany;
| | - Jürgen J. Wenzel
- Institute for Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (P.P.); (V.G.); (J.J.W.)
| | - Barbara Schmidt
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (M.W.); (B.S.); (A.G.)
- Institute for Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (P.P.); (V.G.); (J.J.W.)
| | - André Gessner
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (M.W.); (B.S.); (A.G.)
- Institute for Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (P.P.); (V.G.); (J.J.W.)
| | - David Peterhoff
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (M.W.); (B.S.); (A.G.)
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Sumazaki M, Ogata H, Nabeya Y, Kuwajima A, Hiwasa T, Shimada H. Multipanel assay of 17 tumor-associated antibodies for serological detection of stage 0/I breast cancer. Cancer Sci 2021; 112:1955-1962. [PMID: 33605508 PMCID: PMC8088936 DOI: 10.1111/cas.14860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Because the production of tumor‐associated antibodies (TAA) is a humoral immune response in cancer patients, serum autoantibodies may be detected even in patients with early‐stage tumors. Seventeen recombinant proteins with tags in Escherichia coli (p53, RalA, p90, NY‐ESO‐1, HSP70, c‐myc, galectin‐1, Sui1, KN‐HN‐1, HSP40, PrxVI, p62, cyclin B1, HCC‐22‐5, annexin II, HCA25a, and HER2) were applied as capturing antigens in sandwich ELISA to measure serum IgG levels. Sera from 73 healthy donors and 386 patients with breast cancer, including 182 stage 0/I patients, were evaluated using cutoff values for each TAA equal to the mean +3 SD of the serum levels of healthy controls. The positive TAA rates were relatively high for p53 (10%) and RalA (10%). The positive rates of all TAA of stage 0/I were similar to those of all patients. Even in the stage 0/I patients, 24% showed that two or more TAA were positive, and the positive rate of a five‐TAA combination assay was 37%. The positivity rate was significantly higher for the non–luminal type than for the luminal type (P = .003). Logistic analysis showed that seropositivity (positive for one or more TAA) in breast cancer patients was independent from any TNM factor or disease stage and was significantly associated with histological grade in the multivariate analysis (P = .007). TAA in breast cancer patients may be useful for early detection. However, seropositivity of breast cancer reflects the tumor characteristics but not the disease stage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Sumazaki
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Toho University Faculty of Medicine Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,School of Medicine, Surgery, Toho University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideaki Ogata
- School of Medicine, Surgery, Toho University, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | - Takaki Hiwasa
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Toho University Faculty of Medicine Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideaki Shimada
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Toho University Faculty of Medicine Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,School of Medicine, Surgery, Toho University, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Vetrugno G, La Milia DI, D’Ambrosio F, Di Pumpo M, Pastorino R, Boccia S, Ricci R, De-Giorgio F, Cicconi M, Foti F, Pascucci D, Castrini F, Carini E, Cambieri A, D’Alfonso ME, Capalbo G, Fantoni M, Moscato U, Staiti D, De Simone FM, Berloco F, Damiani G, Zega M, Cattani P, Posteraro B, Sanguinetti M, Laurenti P. COVID-19 Seroprevalence among Healthcare Workers of a Large COVID-19 Hospital in Rome Reveals Strengths and Limits of Two Different Serological Tests. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021; 18:ijerph18052650. [PMID: 33800721 PMCID: PMC7967358 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18052650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Healthcare workers are at the forefront against COVID-19, worldwide. Since Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli (FPG) IRCCS was enlisted as a COVID-19 hospital, the healthcare workers deployed to COVID-19 wards were separated from those with limited/no exposure, whereas the administrative staff were designated to work from home. Between 4 June and 3 July 2020, an investigation was conducted to evaluate the seroprevalence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) immunoglobulin (IgG) antibodies among the employees of the FPG using point-of-care (POC) and venous blood tests. Sensitivity, specificity, and predictive values were determined with reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction on nasal/oropharyngeal swabs as the diagnostic gold standard. The participants enrolled amounted to 4777. Seroprevalence was 3.66% using the POC test and 1.19% using the venous blood test, with a significant difference (p < 0.05). The POC test sensitivity and specificity were, respectively, 63.64% (95% confidence interval (CI): 62.20% to 65.04%) and 96.64% (95% CI: 96.05% to 97.13%), while those of the venous blood test were, respectively, 78.79% (95% CI: 77.58% to 79.94%) and 99.36% (95% CI: 99.07% to 99.55%). Among the low-risk populations, the POC test's predictive values were 58.33% (positive) and 98.23% (negative), whereas those of the venous blood test were 92.86% (positive) and 98.53% (negative). According to our study, these serological tests cannot be a valid alternative to diagnose COVID-19 infection in progress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Vetrugno
- Risk Management Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (G.V.); (M.C.); (F.F.)
- Section of Legal Medicine, Department of Health Care Surveillance and Bioethics, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy;
| | - Daniele Ignazio La Milia
- Hospital Health Management, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (D.I.L.M.); (A.C.); (M.E.D.); (G.C.); (F.B.)
| | - Floriana D’Ambrosio
- Section of Hygiene, University Department of Health Sciences and Public Health, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy; (M.D.P.); (S.B.); (D.P.); (F.C.); (E.C.); (U.M.); (G.D.); (P.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0630154396
| | - Marcello Di Pumpo
- Section of Hygiene, University Department of Health Sciences and Public Health, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy; (M.D.P.); (S.B.); (D.P.); (F.C.); (E.C.); (U.M.); (G.D.); (P.L.)
| | - Roberta Pastorino
- Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health—Public Health Area, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (R.P.); (D.S.); (F.M.D.S.)
| | - Stefania Boccia
- Section of Hygiene, University Department of Health Sciences and Public Health, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy; (M.D.P.); (S.B.); (D.P.); (F.C.); (E.C.); (U.M.); (G.D.); (P.L.)
- Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health—Public Health Area, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (R.P.); (D.S.); (F.M.D.S.)
| | - Rosalba Ricci
- Department of Laboratory and Infectivological Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (R.R.); (M.F.); (P.C.); (M.S.)
| | - Fabio De-Giorgio
- Section of Legal Medicine, Department of Health Care Surveillance and Bioethics, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy;
| | - Michela Cicconi
- Risk Management Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (G.V.); (M.C.); (F.F.)
| | - Federica Foti
- Risk Management Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (G.V.); (M.C.); (F.F.)
| | - Domenico Pascucci
- Section of Hygiene, University Department of Health Sciences and Public Health, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy; (M.D.P.); (S.B.); (D.P.); (F.C.); (E.C.); (U.M.); (G.D.); (P.L.)
- Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health—Public Health Area, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (R.P.); (D.S.); (F.M.D.S.)
| | - Francesco Castrini
- Section of Hygiene, University Department of Health Sciences and Public Health, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy; (M.D.P.); (S.B.); (D.P.); (F.C.); (E.C.); (U.M.); (G.D.); (P.L.)
| | - Elettra Carini
- Section of Hygiene, University Department of Health Sciences and Public Health, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy; (M.D.P.); (S.B.); (D.P.); (F.C.); (E.C.); (U.M.); (G.D.); (P.L.)
| | - Andrea Cambieri
- Hospital Health Management, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (D.I.L.M.); (A.C.); (M.E.D.); (G.C.); (F.B.)
| | - Maria Elena D’Alfonso
- Hospital Health Management, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (D.I.L.M.); (A.C.); (M.E.D.); (G.C.); (F.B.)
| | - Gennaro Capalbo
- Hospital Health Management, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (D.I.L.M.); (A.C.); (M.E.D.); (G.C.); (F.B.)
| | - Massimo Fantoni
- Department of Laboratory and Infectivological Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (R.R.); (M.F.); (P.C.); (M.S.)
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Health Care Surveillance and Bioethics, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Umberto Moscato
- Section of Hygiene, University Department of Health Sciences and Public Health, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy; (M.D.P.); (S.B.); (D.P.); (F.C.); (E.C.); (U.M.); (G.D.); (P.L.)
- Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health—Public Health Area, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (R.P.); (D.S.); (F.M.D.S.)
| | - Domenico Staiti
- Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health—Public Health Area, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (R.P.); (D.S.); (F.M.D.S.)
- Occupational Health Section, University Department of Health Sciences and Public Health, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Maria De Simone
- Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health—Public Health Area, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (R.P.); (D.S.); (F.M.D.S.)
| | - Filippo Berloco
- Hospital Health Management, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (D.I.L.M.); (A.C.); (M.E.D.); (G.C.); (F.B.)
| | - Gianfranco Damiani
- Section of Hygiene, University Department of Health Sciences and Public Health, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy; (M.D.P.); (S.B.); (D.P.); (F.C.); (E.C.); (U.M.); (G.D.); (P.L.)
- Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health—Public Health Area, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (R.P.); (D.S.); (F.M.D.S.)
| | - Maurizio Zega
- Director of Nursing Service Technician and Rehabilitation Administration (S.I.T.R.A.), Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli, 00168 Rome, Italy;
| | - Paola Cattani
- Department of Laboratory and Infectivological Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (R.R.); (M.F.); (P.C.); (M.S.)
| | - Brunella Posteraro
- Department of Basic Biotechnological Sciences, Intensive and Perioperative Clinics, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy;
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Maurizio Sanguinetti
- Department of Laboratory and Infectivological Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (R.R.); (M.F.); (P.C.); (M.S.)
- Department of Basic Biotechnological Sciences, Intensive and Perioperative Clinics, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy;
| | - Patrizia Laurenti
- Section of Hygiene, University Department of Health Sciences and Public Health, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy; (M.D.P.); (S.B.); (D.P.); (F.C.); (E.C.); (U.M.); (G.D.); (P.L.)
- Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health—Public Health Area, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (R.P.); (D.S.); (F.M.D.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Biggeri A, Forni S, Braga M. The risk of over-diagnosis in serological testing. Implications for communications strategies. Epidemiol Prev 2021; 44:184-192. [PMID: 33412809 DOI: 10.19191/ep20.5-6.s2.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, the importance of developing a serological test has emerged and a debate on test accuracy and reliability become an issue widely discussed in the media. The importance of communication during this pandemic has been strongly underlined by public health experts, epidemiologists, media expert, psychologists, sociologists. In the case of serological tests, there are several aspects that have to be considered: why we perform the test, what population is tested, which are the parameters conditioning the results and their interpretation. OBJECTIVES to show how to quantify the uncertainty related to the validity of the serological test with respect to its predictive value and in particular the positive predictive value. METHODS the evaluation of a qualitative diagnostic test includes four distinct assessments: accuracy, empirical evidence, practical importance, and prevalence of the pathology. Accuracy is measured by the sensitivity and specificity of the test; empirical evidence is quantified by the likelihood ratio, respectively for a positive and negative test result; the practical importance of the result of a diagnostic test is assessed by the positive or negative predictive value. Prevalence of COVID-19 is substantial uncertainty and it is possible to estimate the apparent prevalence starting from the results obtained with a diagnostic test. RESULTS at the moment, the knowledge about the accuracy of serological tests is limited and little attention is paid to confidence interval on point estimates. In terms of practical importance of testing at individual level, while negative predictive values are high whatever the level of sensitivity of the test, the interpretation of a positive results is very cumbersome. Positive predictive values above 90% can be reached only by tests with specificity above 99% at the expected prevalence rate of 5%. There is a linear relationship between apparent - testing positive - prevalence and real prevalence. The apparent prevalence in the context of serological test for COVID-19 is always larger than real prevalence. The level of specificity is crucial. CONCLUSIONS the main applications of the serological test in the epidemic contest are: to study the seroprevalence of the virus antibodies in the general population; to screen the healthcare workers for the early identification of contagious subjects' health care settings and to screen the general population in order to identify new incident cases. In the first two cases, seroprevalence study and screening of a high-risk population, the consequences of the uncertainty associated to the statistics are already accounted for in the first situation, or are overcome by repeating the screening on the healthcare workers, and using the molecular test to verify the presence of the virus in those tested positive. The case of screening of general population is more complex and of major interest for the implication it may have on individual behaviours and on the implementation of public health interventions by the political decision makers. A positive result has, per se, no practical value for individuals since the probability of being really infected by the virus is low. The uncertainty associated with the different estimates (sensitivity, specificity and disease prevalence) play a double role: it is a key factor in defining the informative content of the test result and it might guide the individual actions and the public policy decisions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Annibale Biggeri
- Department of Statistics, Computer Science, Applications G. Parenti, University of Florence, Florence (Italy)
| | - Silvia Forni
- Regional Health Agency of Tuscany, Florence (Italy);
| | - Mario Braga
- Regional Health Agency of Tuscany, Florence (Italy)
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Ghazi B, Elghanmi A. Why Do We Need Serological Tests for Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 Diagnosis? Biores Open Access 2020; 9:255-257. [PMID: 33376631 PMCID: PMC7757689 DOI: 10.1089/biores.2020.0026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Considering the COVID-19 emerging and rapidly evolving situation associated with increased levels of mortality and infectivity risks, the detection and identification of new tests in a fast, safe, and accurate measures would have a high impact regarding prompt clinical and epidemiological management decisions. The combination of real-time polymerase chain reaction and the immunoglobulin class M-immunoglobulin class G antibody serology testing can be a powerful strategy for more accurate severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection diagnosis with less false results slipping through the cracks. The following viewpoint is describing the immunological response to SARS-Cov-2 infection and its implication in the selection of the appropriate diagnosis tools.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bouchra Ghazi
- Faculty of Medicine, Mohammed VI University of Health Sciences (UM6SS), Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Adil Elghanmi
- Faculty of Medicine, Cheikh Khalifa International Hospital, Mohammed VI University of Health Sciences (UM6SS), Casablanca, Morocco
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Dou X, Wang E, Hu J, Zong Z, Jiang R, Wang M, Kan L, Zhang X. Comparison of three automatic chemiluminescent immunoassays for monitoring dynamic profile of SARS-CoV-2 IgG and IgM. J Clin Lab Anal 2020; 35:e23681. [PMID: 33340166 PMCID: PMC7843253 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.23681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 11/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Seldom performance evaluation and diagnosis comparison studies were reported for different chemiluminescent immunoassay (CLIA) kits approved under an emergency approval program for SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. Methods A total of 100 and 105 serum separately from non‐infected populations and COVID‐19 patients were detected with SARS‐CoV‐2 IgM and IgG kits. The characteristics including precision, functional sensitivity, linearity, and accuracy were evaluated for Axceed, iFlash, and Maglumi CLIA kits. Results Maglumi and iFlash had the best analytical sensitivity for IgM and IgG, respectively. Axceed kits had a linearity response in the detected concentration. The clinical sensitivity of Axceed, iFlash, and Maglumi was 68.0%, 64.9%, and 63.9% with a specificity of 99.0%, 96.0%, and 100% for IgM, 85.6%, 97.9%, and 94.8% with a specificity of 97.0% for IgG. ROC analysis indicated all kits had a diagnostic power greater than 0.9. Notably, either IgM or IgG kits obtained a poor agreement (Kappa value from 0.397 to 0.713) with others. Among 38 recovered patients, 94.7% had an effective immune response, and both seropositive IgM and IgG accounted for the biggest proportion (medium, 42 days onset), then followed by the single seropositive IgG (medium, 50 days onset) in Ab profile. Conclusion The performance of CLIA kits satisfied the diagnosis of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. Both positive of IgG and IgM contributes to improve the specificity, and a positive one will enhance the sensitivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowen Dou
- Medical Laboratory of the Third affiliated hospital of ShenZhen university, Shenzhen, China.,Medical Laboratory of Shenzhen Luohu Hospital Group, Shenzhen Luohu People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Enyun Wang
- Medical Laboratory of the Third affiliated hospital of ShenZhen university, Shenzhen, China.,Medical Laboratory of Shenzhen Luohu Hospital Group, Shenzhen Luohu People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jiwen Hu
- Medical Laboratory of the Third affiliated hospital of ShenZhen university, Shenzhen, China.,Medical Laboratory of Shenzhen Luohu Hospital Group, Shenzhen Luohu People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zengyan Zong
- Medical Laboratory of the Third affiliated hospital of ShenZhen university, Shenzhen, China.,Medical Laboratory of Shenzhen Luohu Hospital Group, Shenzhen Luohu People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China.,Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, China
| | - Ruiwei Jiang
- Medical Laboratory of the Third affiliated hospital of ShenZhen university, Shenzhen, China.,Medical Laboratory of Shenzhen Luohu Hospital Group, Shenzhen Luohu People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China.,Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, China
| | - Mengmeng Wang
- Medical Laboratory of the Third affiliated hospital of ShenZhen university, Shenzhen, China.,Medical Laboratory of Shenzhen Luohu Hospital Group, Shenzhen Luohu People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China.,Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, China
| | - Lijuan Kan
- Medical Laboratory of the Third affiliated hospital of ShenZhen university, Shenzhen, China.,Medical Laboratory of Shenzhen Luohu Hospital Group, Shenzhen Luohu People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiuming Zhang
- Medical Laboratory of the Third affiliated hospital of ShenZhen university, Shenzhen, China.,Medical Laboratory of Shenzhen Luohu Hospital Group, Shenzhen Luohu People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China.,Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, China
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Grosso A, Rigoli R, Formentini S, Di Perri G, Scotton P, Dapavo G, Fioretto M, Scarpa G. Suppression of Covid-19 outbreak among healthcare workers at the Treviso Regional Hospital, Italy and lessons for ophthalmologists. Eur J Ophthalmol 2020; 31:2901-2909. [PMID: 33319590 DOI: 10.1177/1120672120982520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To describe a strategy to reduce Covid-19 spread among healthcare workers and provide ophthalmologists with recommendations useful for a possible second wave of Covid-19 in Autumn. METHODS Epidemiological surveillance at the Cà Foncello Hospital (Veneto, Italy) since 24 February 2020 to 24 April 2020 when the municipality of Treviso was hit by the Covid-19 outbreak. The number of naso-pharigeal (NP) swabs performed was 7010. RESULTS The number of infected among healthcare workers was 209/ 3924 (5.32%): medical doctors: 28 cases / 498 (5.6%). None among ophthalmologists; specialized nurses: 86/1294 (6.4%) None in the ophthalmic unit; intermediate care technicians: 68/463 (14.7%). The 46% of the positive tested were asymptomatic. We share key suggested actions for the reorganization in ophthalmological services: be part of a global epidemiological local strategy of containment (Testing, Tracing, Treating); protect your department: Keep on screening patients by telephone interview before entering the hospital; promote continuous and appropriate use of PPE both for doctors and for patients; make any effort to obtain a continuous flow of patients in every line of the ophthalmic service; treat appropriately any single patient with vision threatening condition; avoid unnecessary or futile testings and examinations. CONCLUSION The Treviso model shows that it is possible and safe to keep on performing high risk hospital activities like ophthalmology, even in the epicenter of covid outbreak, if adequate actions are performed. We discuss about the value of NP swabs and serological tests as a strategy in case of a second wave of infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Grosso
- Division of Ophthalmology, Santo Spirito Hospital Casale Monferrato, Alessandria AL, Italy
| | - Roberto Rigoli
- Azienda ULSS n 2 Marca Trevigiana, Treviso, Veneto, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | - Mauro Fioretto
- Division of Ophthalmology, Santo Spirito Hospital Casale Monferrato, Alessandria AL, Italy
| | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Walker SN, Chokkalingam N, Reuschel EL, Purwar M, Xu Z, Gary EN, Kim KY, Helble M, Schultheis K, Walters J, Ramos S, Muthumani K, Smith TRF, Broderick KE, Tebas P, Patel A, Weiner DB, Kulp DW. SARS-CoV-2 Assays To Detect Functional Antibody Responses That Block ACE2 Recognition in Vaccinated Animals and Infected Patients. J Clin Microbiol 2020; 58:e01533-20. [PMID: 32855181 PMCID: PMC7587116 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.01533-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has caused a global pandemic of COVID-19, resulting in cases of mild to severe respiratory distress and significant mortality. The global outbreak of this novel coronavirus has now infected >20 million people worldwide, with >5 million cases in the United States (11 August 2020). The development of diagnostic and research tools to determine infection and vaccine efficacy is critically needed. We have developed multiple serologic assays using newly designed SARS-CoV-2 reagents for detecting the presence of receptor-binding antibodies in sera. The first assay is surface plasmon resonance (SPR) based and can quantitate both antibody binding to the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and blocking to the Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor in a single experiment. The second assay is enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) based and can measure competition and blocking of the ACE2 receptor to the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein with antispike antibodies. The assay is highly versatile, and we demonstrate the broad utility of the assay by measuring antibody functionality of sera from small animals and nonhuman primates immunized with an experimental SARS-CoV-2 vaccine. In addition, we employ the assay to measure receptor blocking of sera from SARS-CoV-2-infected patients. The assay is shown to correlate with pseudovirus neutralization titers. This type of rapid, surrogate neutralization diagnostic can be employed widely to help study SARS-CoV-2 infection and assess the efficacy of vaccines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Susanne N Walker
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Neethu Chokkalingam
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Emma L Reuschel
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Mansi Purwar
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ziyang Xu
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ebony N Gary
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Kevin Y Kim
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Michaela Helble
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - Jewell Walters
- Inovio Pharmaceuticals, Plymouth Meeting, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - Kar Muthumani
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | | | - Pablo Tebas
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ami Patel
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - David B Weiner
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Daniel W Kulp
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Boukli N, Le Mene M, Schnuriger A, Cuervo NS, Laroche C, Morand-Joubert L, Gozlan J. High Incidence of False-Positive Results in Patients with Acute Infections Other than COVID-19 by the Liaison SARS-CoV-2 Commercial Chemiluminescent Microparticle Immunoassay for Detection of IgG Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies. J Clin Microbiol 2020; 58:e01352-20. [PMID: 32848041 DOI: 10.1128/JCM.01352-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
|
37
|
Abstract
Accurate diagnostic tests that provide results in a timely manner are essential for the clinical and public health management of COVID-19 disease The choice as to which test to use will depend on the clinical presentation and the stage of the illness Nucleic acid tests, using real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction, are the most appropriate for diagnosing acute infection. Combined deep nasal (or nasopharyngeal) and throat swabs are the preferred sample Serology can be used to diagnose previous infection, more than 14 days after the onset of symptoms Antigen tests are in development and their role is not yet defined Interpretation of results must take into account the pre-test probability of the patient having the disease. This is based on their clinical presentation and epidemiological risk
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jenny Robson
- Sullivan Nicolaides Pathology, Bowen Hills, Brisbane
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Martínez-Taboada VM, López-Hoyos M, Crespo J, Cacho PM, Hernández JL. Thoughts From the Trenches: Should We Look at the "Healthy"? Front Public Health 2020; 8:490. [PMID: 33014980 PMCID: PMC7510210 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2020.00490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Víctor M Martínez-Taboada
- Division of Rheumatology, Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla-IDIVAL, Santander, Spain.,University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain
| | - Marcos López-Hoyos
- Division of Immunology, Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla-IDIVAL, Santander, Spain
| | - Javier Crespo
- University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain.,Division of Gastroenterology, Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla-IDIVAL, Santander, Spain
| | - Pedro Muñoz Cacho
- Department of Medicine and Psychiatry, Gerencia de Atención Primaria, Servicio Cántabro de Salud, Santander, Spain
| | - José L Hernández
- University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain.,Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla-IDIVAL, Santander, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Caini S, Bellerba F, Corso F, Díaz-Basabe A, Natoli G, Paget J, Facciotti F, De Angelis SP, Raimondi S, Palli D, Mazzarella L, Pelicci PG, Vineis P, Gandini S. Meta-analysis of diagnostic performance of serological tests for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies up to 25 April 2020 and public health implications. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 25. [PMID: 32553061 PMCID: PMC7403641 DOI: 10.2807/1560-7917.es.2020.25.23.2000980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
We reviewed the diagnostic accuracy of SARS-CoV-2 serological tests. Random-effects models yielded a summary sensitivity of 82% for IgM, and 85% for IgG and total antibodies. For specificity, the pooled estimate were 98% for IgM and 99% for IgG and total antibodies. In populations with ≤ 5% of seroconverted individuals, unless the assays have perfect (i.e. 100%) specificity, the positive predictive value would be ≤ 88%. Serological tests should be used for prevalence surveys only in hard-hit areas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saverio Caini
- Cancer Risk Factors and Lifestyle Epidemiology Unit, Institute for Cancer Research, Prevention and Clinical Network (ISPRO), Florence, Italy
| | - Federica Bellerba
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology (IEO), IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Federica Corso
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology (IEO), IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Angélica Díaz-Basabe
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology (IEO), IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Gioacchino Natoli
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology (IEO), IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - John Paget
- Netherlands Institute for Health Services Research (NIVEL), Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Federica Facciotti
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology (IEO), IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Sara Raimondi
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology (IEO), IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Domenico Palli
- Cancer Risk Factors and Lifestyle Epidemiology Unit, Institute for Cancer Research, Prevention and Clinical Network (ISPRO), Florence, Italy
| | - Luca Mazzarella
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology (IEO), IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Pier Giuseppe Pelicci
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.,Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology (IEO), IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Vineis
- MRC Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sara Gandini
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology (IEO), IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Rastawicki W, Rokosz-Chudziak N. Characteristics and assessment of the usefulness of serological tests in the diagnostic of infections caused by coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 on the basis of available manufacturer's data and literature review. Przegl Epidemiol 2020; 74:49-68. [PMID: 32500987 DOI: 10.32394/pe.74.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Recognized in 2019 in Wuhan, China, the new SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus is responsible for the occurrence of a global pandemic disease called COVID-19. So far, confirmation of infection is based on the detection of virus RNA in a sample taken from a person meeting the suspected case definition. However, in the laboratory diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infections, in addition to genetic tests, serological methods can also be used to detect specific antibodies of the IgM, IgG and IgA class produced after contact with antigens or to detect viral antigen. Currently, a number of rapid immunochromatographic, chemiluminescent and ELISA immunoassay tests developed by different manufacturers for the diagnosis of COVID-19 are available on the market. Despite this fact, so far there is no WHO or ECDC recommendations or even reliable research regarding the usefulness of serological investigations in the laboratory diagnosis of infections caused by SARS-CoV-2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Waldemar Rastawicki
- National Institute of Public Health - National Institute of Hygiene, Department of Bacteriology and Biocontamination Control
| | - Natalia Rokosz-Chudziak
- National Institute of Public Health - National Institute of Hygiene, Department of Bacteriology and Biocontamination Control
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
de Miguel M, Doger B, Boni V, Hernández-Guerrero T, Moreno I, Morillo D, Moreno V, Calvo E. Increased vulnerability of clinical research units during the COVID-19 crisis and their protection. Cancer 2020; 126:3907-3911. [PMID: 32557596 PMCID: PMC7300769 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.32980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Currently, the complexity of clinical trial development in oncology is being further complicated by the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic, which is reducing the resources needed to comply with protocol‐specific procedures while putting patients in units, who are already vulnerable, at increased general risk not only for COVID‐19 infection but also with respect to their baseline disease. Individualizing the management of patients while ensuring their safety and adherence to the study protocol, establishing specific staff contingency plans, and maintaining sponsor and contract research organization (CRO) alignment are some of the key issues for maintaining the continuity of cancer patients’ investigational treatment and minimizing their infection risk as well as the risk to staff members of the unit, sponsors, and CROs while maintaining the integrity of data quality and compliance with good clinical practice.
This commentary describes the potentially deep, specific, and rapid impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic on clinical research units in oncology, and it establishes different processes and action plans in order to allow the performance of clinical research activities during this challenging period.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria de Miguel
- START Madrid-HM Centro Integral Oncológico Clara Campal (CIOCC) Early Phase Program, HM Sanchinarro University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Bernard Doger
- START Madrid-Fundación Jiménez Díaz (FJD) Early Phase Program, Fundación Jiménez Díaz Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Valentina Boni
- START Madrid-HM Centro Integral Oncológico Clara Campal (CIOCC) Early Phase Program, HM Sanchinarro University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Tatiana Hernández-Guerrero
- START Madrid-Fundación Jiménez Díaz (FJD) Early Phase Program, Fundación Jiménez Díaz Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Irene Moreno
- START Madrid-HM Centro Integral Oncológico Clara Campal (CIOCC) Early Phase Program, HM Sanchinarro University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniel Morillo
- START Madrid-Fundación Jiménez Díaz (FJD) Early Phase Program, Fundación Jiménez Díaz Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Victor Moreno
- START Madrid-Fundación Jiménez Díaz (FJD) Early Phase Program, Fundación Jiménez Díaz Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Emiliano Calvo
- START Madrid-HM Centro Integral Oncológico Clara Campal (CIOCC) Early Phase Program, HM Sanchinarro University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Abstract
The novel SARS-CoV-2 is a recently emerging virus causing a human pandemic. A great variety of symptoms associated with COVID-19 disease, ranging from mild to severe symptoms, eventually leading to death. Specific SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR is the standard method to screen symptomatic people; however, asymptomatic subjects and subjects with undetectable viral load escape from the screening, contributing to viral spread. Currently, the lock down imposed by many governments is an important measure to contain the spread, as there is no specific antiviral therapy or a vaccine and the main treatments are supportive. Therefore, there is urgent need to characterize the virus and the viral-mediated responses, in order to develop specific diagnostic and therapeutic tools to prevent viral transmission and efficiently cure COVID-19 patients. Here, we review the current studies on two viral mediated-responses, specifically the cytokine storm occurring in a subset of patients and the antibody response triggered by the infection. Further studies are needed to explore both the dynamics and the mechanisms of the humoral immune response in COVID-19 patients, in order to guide future vaccine design and antibody-based therapies for the management of the disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Siracusano
- Immunobiology of HIV, Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Tellechea AL, Bidondo MP, Luppo V, Baricalla A, Liascovich R, Fabbri C, Morales MA, Groisman B, Silva M, Masi P, Israilev A, Rocha MR, Quaglia M, Escalante B, Villarreal A, Antinori M, Barbero P. [Zika virus embryopathy in Argentina: clinical characteristics in newborns]. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 77:100-5. [PMID: 32558512 DOI: 10.31053/1853.0605.v77.n2.26754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Microcephaly and brain abnormalities may be due to multiple etiologies, one of them is the congenital infection by Zika virus (ZIKV). From 2016 to the present, there has been a series of ZIKV outbreaks in Argentina. Methods National Network of Congenital Anomalies (RENAC) and the National Institute of Viral Diseases (INEVH), under the National Administration of Laboratories and Health Institutes “Carlos Malbrán” (ANLIS), carry out the intensified surveillance of newborns with microcephaly and brain abnormalities. This article presents the clinical characteristics and laboratory testof patients detected with congenital infection by ZIKV between April 2016 to March 2018, Results 10 cases with embryopathy were detected, six autochthonous and four imported; in two cases, the mothers were asymptomatic during pregnancy; all the cases presented microcephaly and cranial facial disproportion, ventriculomegaly in seven cases and in six cerebral calcifications. The diagnosis of congenital infection by Zika in the newborn was made by antigen-specific Immunoglobulin M (MAC-ELISA) and plaque-reduction neutralization test (PRNT90 ). PCR was negative in all cases. Conclusion the patients presented clinical features that were consistent with those reported in other countries. The need for serological studies that allow confirmation is emphasized, ruling out cross-reactivity with other Flaviviruses.
Collapse
|
44
|
Abstract
The clinical presentation of brucellosis in humans is variable and unspecific, and thus, laboratory corroboration of the diagnosis is essential for the patient's proper treatment. The diagnosis of brucellar infections can be made by culture, serological tests, and nucleic acid amplification assays. Modern automated blood culture systems enable detection of acute cases of brucellosis within the routine 5- to 7-day incubation protocol employed in clinical microbiology laboratories, although a longer incubation and performance of blind subcultures may be needed for protracted cases. Serological tests, though they lack specificity and provide results that may be difficult to interpret in individuals repeatedly exposed to Brucella organisms, nevertheless remain a diagnostic cornerstone in resource-poor countries. Nucleic acid amplification assays combine exquisite sensitivity, specificity, and safety and enable rapid diagnosis of the disease. However, long-term persistence of positive molecular test results in patients that have apparently fully recovered is common and has unclear clinical significance and therapeutic implications. Therefore, as long as there are no sufficiently validated commercial tests or studies that demonstrate an adequate interlaboratory reproducibility of the different homemade PCR assays, cultures and serological methods will remain the primary tools for the diagnosis and posttherapeutic follow-up of human brucellosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Yagupsky
- Clinical Microbiology Laboratory, Soroka University Medical Center, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Pilar Morata
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Málaga, Málaga, Spain
- IBIMA, Málaga, Spain
| | - Juan D Colmenero
- Infectious Diseases Service, University Regional Hospital, Málaga, Spain
- IBIMA, Málaga, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Serhan WS, Khan RA, Gasim EF, Alketbi MS, De Massis F, Calistri P, Giovannini A, Al Hosani MA, Al Jaberi SA, Al Mansoori AM, Al Ketbi AS, Khalafalla AI, Almuhairi SS. Performance of an Immunochromatographic Test (ICT) in Comparison to Some Commonly Used Serological Tests for the Diagnosis of Brucellosis in Dromedary Camels (Camelus dromedarius). Microorganisms 2019; 7:microorganisms7120591. [PMID: 31757071 PMCID: PMC6956270 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms7120591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2019] [Revised: 11/09/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Serological tests may represent an essential tool for the diagnosis of camel brucellosis; however, concerns arise in the scientific community regarding the direct transposition from cattle and small ruminants without adequate validation. The present study was made to compare four serological tests for the diagnosis of brucellosis in dromedary camels (Camelus dromedarius). In terms of sensitivity, our results show that the Immunochromatographic Test (ICT) shows the higher value of sensitivity, 98.67% (95% Confidence Level (C.L): 94.36%-99.99%), followed by the Fluorescence Polarization Assay (FPA) with 95.05% (95% C.L: 88.23%-99.51%), then the Competitive Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (c-ELISA) with 94.94% (95% C.L: 88.25%-99.45%) and, finally, the Rose Bengal Test (RBT) with 68.95% (95% C.L: 56.55%-80.69%), which is the only test showing a significantly lower sensitivity compared to the others. On the other hand, our study revealed no significant difference in terms of specificity between all the tests under study, with a range from 99.06% (95% C.L: 98.34%-99.64%) for the ICT to 99.92% (95% C.L: 99.64%-100%) for the RBT. The ICT was found to be comparable in terms of sensitivity and specificity with the most commonly used tests for camel brucellosis. The results of the present study are of paramount importance for designing surveillance and control measures for brucellosis in camel populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wissam S. Serhan
- Veterinary Laboratories Division, Abu Dhabi Agriculture and Food Safety Authority (ADAFSA), Abu Dhabi 52150, UAE; (W.S.S.); (R.A.K.); (E.F.G.); (M.S.A.); (M.A.A.H.); (S.A.A.J.); (A.M.A.M.); (A.S.A.K.)
| | - Rashid A. Khan
- Veterinary Laboratories Division, Abu Dhabi Agriculture and Food Safety Authority (ADAFSA), Abu Dhabi 52150, UAE; (W.S.S.); (R.A.K.); (E.F.G.); (M.S.A.); (M.A.A.H.); (S.A.A.J.); (A.M.A.M.); (A.S.A.K.)
| | - Esmat F. Gasim
- Veterinary Laboratories Division, Abu Dhabi Agriculture and Food Safety Authority (ADAFSA), Abu Dhabi 52150, UAE; (W.S.S.); (R.A.K.); (E.F.G.); (M.S.A.); (M.A.A.H.); (S.A.A.J.); (A.M.A.M.); (A.S.A.K.)
| | - Mariam S. Alketbi
- Veterinary Laboratories Division, Abu Dhabi Agriculture and Food Safety Authority (ADAFSA), Abu Dhabi 52150, UAE; (W.S.S.); (R.A.K.); (E.F.G.); (M.S.A.); (M.A.A.H.); (S.A.A.J.); (A.M.A.M.); (A.S.A.K.)
| | - Fabrizio De Massis
- OIE Reference Laboratory for Brucellosis, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Abruzzo e del Molise “G. Caporale”, Campo Boario, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (F.D.M.); (P.C.); (A.G.)
| | - Paolo Calistri
- OIE Reference Laboratory for Brucellosis, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Abruzzo e del Molise “G. Caporale”, Campo Boario, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (F.D.M.); (P.C.); (A.G.)
| | - Armando Giovannini
- OIE Reference Laboratory for Brucellosis, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Abruzzo e del Molise “G. Caporale”, Campo Boario, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (F.D.M.); (P.C.); (A.G.)
| | - Mohamed A. Al Hosani
- Veterinary Laboratories Division, Abu Dhabi Agriculture and Food Safety Authority (ADAFSA), Abu Dhabi 52150, UAE; (W.S.S.); (R.A.K.); (E.F.G.); (M.S.A.); (M.A.A.H.); (S.A.A.J.); (A.M.A.M.); (A.S.A.K.)
| | - Saleha A. Al Jaberi
- Veterinary Laboratories Division, Abu Dhabi Agriculture and Food Safety Authority (ADAFSA), Abu Dhabi 52150, UAE; (W.S.S.); (R.A.K.); (E.F.G.); (M.S.A.); (M.A.A.H.); (S.A.A.J.); (A.M.A.M.); (A.S.A.K.)
| | - Asma M. Al Mansoori
- Veterinary Laboratories Division, Abu Dhabi Agriculture and Food Safety Authority (ADAFSA), Abu Dhabi 52150, UAE; (W.S.S.); (R.A.K.); (E.F.G.); (M.S.A.); (M.A.A.H.); (S.A.A.J.); (A.M.A.M.); (A.S.A.K.)
| | - Asma S. Al Ketbi
- Veterinary Laboratories Division, Abu Dhabi Agriculture and Food Safety Authority (ADAFSA), Abu Dhabi 52150, UAE; (W.S.S.); (R.A.K.); (E.F.G.); (M.S.A.); (M.A.A.H.); (S.A.A.J.); (A.M.A.M.); (A.S.A.K.)
| | - Abdelmalik I. Khalafalla
- Veterinary Laboratories Division, Abu Dhabi Agriculture and Food Safety Authority (ADAFSA), Abu Dhabi 52150, UAE; (W.S.S.); (R.A.K.); (E.F.G.); (M.S.A.); (M.A.A.H.); (S.A.A.J.); (A.M.A.M.); (A.S.A.K.)
| | - Salama S. Almuhairi
- Veterinary Laboratories Division, Abu Dhabi Agriculture and Food Safety Authority (ADAFSA), Abu Dhabi 52150, UAE; (W.S.S.); (R.A.K.); (E.F.G.); (M.S.A.); (M.A.A.H.); (S.A.A.J.); (A.M.A.M.); (A.S.A.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +971-2-8181410
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Miller MA, Finnegan M, Storms T, Garner M, Lyashchenko KP. OUTBREAK OF MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS IN A HERD OF CAPTIVE ASIAN ELEPHANTS ( ELEPHAS MAXIMUS): ANTEMORTEM DIAGNOSIS, TREATMENT, AND LESSONS LEARNED. J Zoo Wildl Med 2018; 49:748-54. [PMID: 30212332 DOI: 10.1638/2017-0200.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) was diagnosed in four Asian elephants ( Elephas maximus) in a zoo in the United States. The first case was detected by isolation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis during routine trunk wash (TW) culture testing of a herd of eight elephants. Retrospective antibody analyses revealed seroconversion 1 yr before diagnosis. Serological testing of the whole elephant herd identified two additional suspect bulls with detectable antibody, but which remained culture-negative and had no clinical signs of disease. In the following months, M. tuberculosis, identical to the isolate from the index case, was isolated from TW samples of these two elephants. A fourth elephant seroconverted nearly 4 yr after the first TB case was detected, and M. tuberculosis was isolated from a TW sample collected 1 mo later. All four infected elephants received anti-TB therapy. Two treated elephants were eventually euthanized for reasons unrelated to M. tuberculosis and found to be culture-negative on necropsy, although one of them had PCR-positive lung lesions. One infected animal had to be euthanized due to development of a drug-resistant strain of M. tuberculosis; this animal did not undergo postmortem examination due to risk of staff exposure. The fourth animal is currently on treatment. Serial serological and culture results of the other four herd mates have remained negative.
Collapse
|
47
|
Storchilo HR, Rezende HHA, Gomes TC, de Souza JY, Gomes AR, Avelino MM, do Amaral WN, de Castro AM. Basic heel prick test: inclusion of screening, diagnosis and criteria for early confirmation of congenital infection by Toxoplasma gondii. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo 2019; 61:e30. [PMID: 31241659 PMCID: PMC6592012 DOI: 10.1590/s1678-9946201961030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Toxoplasma gondii can cross the placental barrier, causing fetal infection with potentially severe sequelae. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether the serological screening for toxoplasmosis should be included in the basic neonatal heel prick test in order to establish criteria for the confirmation and/or exclusion of the diagnosis of congenital infection in newborns treated at three public health units in the metropolitan region of Goiania, Goias State, Brazil. Blood samples were collected on filter paper from newborns and later, peripheral blood samples from the mothers and their respective children were obtained to confirm or exclude the diagnosis of suspected congenital infection, by means of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (IgM and IgG) and a polymerase chain reaction assay. From a total of 1,159 blood samples collected on filter paper, 43.92% were reactive to IgG and 0.17% to anti-T. gondii IgM and IgG. One hundred and twenty-seven paired samples (mother and child) were collected following consensual protocols for peripheral blood collection. Results obtained from the filter paper and peripheral blood of the newborns were 90.55% concordant. A comparison of the mother and child blood test results showed agreement regarding the detection of IgG in 90.48% of the samples. The parasite DNA was detected in the peripheral blood of one child. In view of the results obtained in this study, the inclusion of the serological screening for toxoplasmosis in the newborn heel prick test proved to be effective for the early detection of congenital T. gondii infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Heloisa Ribeiro Storchilo
- Universidade Federal de Goiás, Instituto de Patologia Tropical e
Saúde Pública, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | | | - Taynara Cristina Gomes
- Universidade Federal de Goiás, Instituto de Patologia Tropical e
Saúde Pública, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Jéssica Yonara de Souza
- Universidade Federal de Goiás, Instituto de Patologia Tropical e
Saúde Pública, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Antonio Roberto Gomes
- Universidade Federal de Goiás, Instituto de Patologia Tropical e
Saúde Pública, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Mariza Martins Avelino
- Universidade Federal de Goiás, Faculdade de Medicina, Hospital das
Clínicas, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Waldemar Naves do Amaral
- Universidade Federal de Goiás, Faculdade de Medicina, Hospital das
Clínicas, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Ana Maria de Castro
- Universidade Federal de Goiás, Instituto de Patologia Tropical e
Saúde Pública, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Venturi G, Fortuna C, Alves RM, Passos do Prado Paschoal AG, da Silva Júnior PJ, Remoli ME, Benedetti E, Amendola A, da Silva Batista E, Gama DVN, Barros DH, Fiorentini C, Rezza G, Leite Primo Chagas JR. Epidemiological and clinical suspicion of congenital Zika virus infection: Serological findings in mothers and children from Brazil. J Med Virol 2019; 91:1577-1583. [PMID: 31090222 PMCID: PMC6773202 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.25504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Revised: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The emergence of Zika virus in the Americas has caused an increase of babies born with microcephaly or other neurological malformations. The differential diagnosis of Zika infection, particularly serological diagnosis, is an important but complex issue. In this study, we describe clinical manifestations of 94 suspected cases of congenital Zika from Bahia state, Brazil, and the results of serological tests performed on children and/or their mothers at an average of 71 days after birth. Anti‐Zika immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibodies were detected in 44.4% and in 7.1% of samples from mothers and children, respectively. Nearly all the IgM, and 92% of immunoglobulin G positive results were confirmed by neutralization test. Zika specific neutralizing antibodies were detected in as much as 90.4% of the cases. Moreover, dengue specific neutralizing antibodies were detected in 79.0% of Zika seropositive mothers. In conclusion, Zika IgM negative results should be considered with caution, due to a possible rapid loss of sensitivity after birth, while the NS1‐based Zika IgM enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay test we have used has demonstrated to be highly specific. In a high percentage of cases, Zika specific neutralizing antibodies were detected, which are indicative of a past Zika infection, probably occurred during pregnancy in this population. In this study we have analyzed serum samples collected a mean of 71 days after birth from 94 suspected congenital Zika cases. Our results have shown a high percentage of positive neutralization test results for ZIKV, and also DENV, but low prevalence of anti‐ZIKV IgM antibodies. Our data confirm the difficulty of an accurate retrospective diagnosis of ZIKV congenital infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giulietta Venturi
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Claudia Fortuna
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Rita Maria Alves
- Pediatric Neurology Service, S. Antonio das Obras Sociais Irmã Dulce Hospital(HSA/OSID), Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | | | | | - Maria Elena Remoli
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Eleonora Benedetti
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonello Amendola
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | - Giovanni Rezza
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Janeusa Rita Leite Primo Chagas
- Pediatric Neurology Service, S. Antonio das Obras Sociais Irmã Dulce Hospital(HSA/OSID), Salvador, Bahia, Brazil.,Neurologia Pediátrica, Universidade Salvador (UNIFACS), Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Rahman SU, Zhu L, Cao L, Zhang Y, Chu X, Feng S, Li Y, Wu J, Wang X. Prevalence of Caprine brucellosis in Anhui province, China. Vet World 2019; 12:558-564. [PMID: 31190711 PMCID: PMC6515824 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2019.558-564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim Brucellosis is one of the most widespread zoonotic diseases globally. Studies indicated the existence of Brucella infection in goats in some province of China. Thus this study aimed to estimate the prevalence of brucellosis in goats of Anhui Province, China. Materials and Methods Serum and milk samples obtained from goats in different regions of Anhui province were studied through rose Bengal plate test (RBPT), serum agglutination test (SAT), milk ring test (MRT), and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Results The investigation frequency of brucellosis using RBPT, SAT, MRT, and PCR methods was 3.9% (n=7), 4.45% (n=8), 11.67% (n=7), and 86.67% (n=156), respectively. The prevalence recorded for brucellosis in sex-wise animals as in females 5.55%, 6.67%, 11.67%, and 78.8% through above methods, while in males, it was 2.23% and 2.23% by RBPT and SAT. However, in age-wise animals, the results 6.36%, 7.27%, 11.67%, and 74.5% were perceived positive by RBPT, SAT, MRT, and PCR in adult females, respectively, but young males and females (up to 9 months) were considered free from brucellosis. Conclusion These results show that prevalence of brucellosis was relatively higher in females than male's goats and SAT was relatively specific and accurate as compared to RBPT and MRT, but for diagnosis of brucellosis, molecular method (PCR) is recommended.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sajid Ur Rahman
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Road, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Lei Zhu
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Road, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Li Cao
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Road, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Yafei Zhang
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Road, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Xiaoyan Chu
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Road, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Shibin Feng
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Road, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Yu Li
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Road, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Jinjie Wu
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Road, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Xichun Wang
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Road, Hefei 230036, China
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Alkebsi L, Ohnishi H, Nakajima-Shimada J, Onizuka Y, Ideno Y, Sato Y, Hayashi K. Validation of the Accuracy of Self-Reported ABO Blood Types in the Japan Nurses’ Health Study. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2019; 20:789-793. [PMID: 30909687 PMCID: PMC6825798 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2019.20.3.789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The associations between ABO blood type and risk of diseases including cancer have been reported
from epidemiological studies. Self-reporting is one of the most widely used methods of collecting the ABO blood type
information. Verifying the accuracy of self-reporting is important to consider measurement errors. We aimed to conduct
validation of self-reported ABO blood types in the Japan Nurses’ Health Study (JNHS), which is a large prospective
cohort study. Methods: The concordance rate between self-reported and serologically or genetically inferred ABO
blood groups was investigated for a subsample of 41 subjects from the Gunma Nurses’ Health Study, which was a pilot
cohort study that preceded the JNHS. The presence of antibodies to A or B antigens in serum (serological test) and
allele types of the ABO gene (genotyping test) were determined by using frozen blood samples that were preserved
for approximately 7 years. ABO blood types were determined from these tests and compared with self-reported data.
Results: All of the nurses reported that their ABO blood groups were concordant with those determined by a serological
and/or genotyping test. Self-reported ABO blood types of 35 of 38 (92.1%) participants were consistent with the results
from serological typing, while the answers of three participants were not. In these three participants, ABO genotypes
that were inferred from genotyping of three single nucleotide polymorphisms in ABO loci perfectly matched with their
self-reported ABO types, and all of these were O-type. Conclusions: Japanese health professionals report their blood
type with a high degree of accuracy. Special attention should be paid to the O-type group in serological analysis of
blood samples that have been preserved for several years in longitudinal studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lobna Alkebsi
- Department of Haematology, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ohnishi
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Gunma University, Maebashi, Japan.
| | - Junko Nakajima-Shimada
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Gunma University, Maebashi, Japan.
| | - Yoko Onizuka
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Gunma University, Maebashi, Japan.
| | - Yuki Ideno
- Big Data Centre for Integrative Analysis, Gunma University Initiative for Advanced Research, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Yasunori Sato
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kunihiko Hayashi
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Gunma University, Maebashi, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|