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Yanmaz B, Özgen EK, Sayı O, Erdoğan Y, Aslan MH, İba Yılmaz S, Karadeniz Pütür E, Polat N, Özmen M, Şerifoğlu Bağatır P, Ildız S. Phylogenetic Analysis of Brucella melitensis Strains Isolated from Humans Using 16S rRNA Sequencing and Multiple Locus Variable Number of Tandem Repeats Analysis-16. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 2024. [PMID: 38608219 DOI: 10.1089/vbz.2023.0139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Brucellosis is the most important public health problem worldwide, and the annual incidence of the disease in humans is 2.1 million. The Brucella genome is highly conserved, with over 90% similarity among species. The aim of this study was to perform species-level identification of Brucella spp. strains isolated from humans diagnosed with brucellosis and to further investigate the phylogenetic relationships using multiple locus variable number of tandem repeats analysis (MLVA)-16 and 16S rRNA sequencing analysis. Materials and Methods: Brucella spp. was isolated from the blood cultures of 54 patients who tested positive for brucellosis through serological examinations. Real-time PCR was used to identify the isolates in species, and the genus level of Brucella was confirmed with 16S rRNA. All isolates were subjected to phylogenetic analysis using variable number of tandem repeat analysis with multiple loci. Results: Subsequent analysis via real-time PCR confirmed these isolates to be of the Brucella melitensis species. The 16S rRNA sequence analysis showed 100% homogeneity among the isolates. MLVA revealed the formation of five different genotypic groups. While two groups were formed based on the 16S rRNA sequence analysis, five groups were formed in the MLVA. Conclusions: The study concluded that 16S rRNA sequence analysis alone did not provide sufficient discrimination for phylogenetic analysis but served as a supportive method for identification. MLVA exhibited higher phylogenetic power. The widespread isolation of B. melitensis from human brucellosis cases highlights the importance of controlling brucellosis in small ruminants to prevent human infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berna Yanmaz
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Burdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, Burdur, Türkiye
| | - Ediz Kağan Özgen
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Türkiye
| | - Orbay Sayı
- Veterinary Control Institute, Republic of Türkiye Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, İzmir, Türkiye
| | - Yasemin Erdoğan
- Veterinary Control Institute, Republic of Türkiye Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, Erzurum, Türkiye
| | - Mehtap Hülya Aslan
- Department of Microbiology, Health Sciences University Erzurum Regional Education and Research Hospital, Erzurum, Türkiye
| | - Sibel İba Yılmaz
- Department of Infection Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Health Sciences University Erzurum Regional Education and Research Hospital, Erzurum, Türkiye
| | - Elif Karadeniz Pütür
- Veterinary Control Institute, Republic of Türkiye Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, Erzurum, Türkiye
| | - Nebahat Polat
- Veterinary Control Institute, Republic of Türkiye Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, Erzurum, Türkiye
| | - Murat Özmen
- Veterinary Control Institute, Republic of Türkiye Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, Erzurum, Türkiye
| | - Perihan Şerifoğlu Bağatır
- Veterinary Control Institute, Republic of Türkiye Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, Erzurum, Türkiye
| | - Sedat Ildız
- Graduate School of Health Sciences of Ankara University and General Directorate of Food and Control, Republic of Türkiye Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, Ankara, Türkiye
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Liu G, Ma X, Zhang R, Lü J, Zhou P, Liu B, Liu T, Ren H, Liu Z, Li Z, Jiang X. Epidemiological changes and molecular characteristics of Brucella strains in Ningxia, China. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1320845. [PMID: 38314436 PMCID: PMC10835715 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1320845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective Human brucellosis causes serious public health concerns in Ningxia, China. Methods This study employed epidemiological, bacteriological, and multiple-locus variable-number tandem repeat analysis (MLVA) methods to conduct an epidemiological investigation, which is necessary for devising tailored control strategies. Results Between 1958 and 2022, 29,892 cases were reported, with an average annual number of cases and incidence of 467 and 7.1/100,000, respectively. The epidemic situation gradually worsened, with cases escalating from 26 cases in 2005 to 6,292 in 2022, with the incidence rate rising from 0.441 in 2005 to 86.83 in 2022. Geographically, the disease spread from a single affected county in 2004 to encompass all 22 counties in 2022. Yanchi County had the highest incidence, followed by the Hongsibao and Tongxin counties. These data suggest that Brucella infection has become a rampant regional concern in human brucellosis. Between 1958 and 2019, a total of 230 Brucella strains were identified across four studied hosts. These strains comprised four species with 12 biovars, including B. melitensis bv. 1, bv. 2, bv. 3, B. abortus bv. 1, bv. 3, bv. 4, bv. 5, bv. 6, bv. 7, B. suis bv. 1 and bv. 3, and B. canis. These data highlight the high species/biovars and host diversity of the Brucella population, posing a substantial challenge to brucellosis surveillance. There was an apparent transition from multiple species/biovars historically to the current dominance of a single species, B. melitensis, emphasizing the requirement for strengthening surveillance of B. melitensis. Genotypes 42 and 116, constituting 96.2% of the total number of genotypes, predominated in panel 1 and MLVA-11, indicating that all strains belong to the East Mediterranean lineage. MLVA cluster analysis revealed persistent transmission of dominant circulating genotypes, presenting an epidemic pattern characterized primarily by epidemiologically related cases with a few sporadic cases. Strains in this study exhibited high genetic homogeneity with strains from the Northwest, and those from Kazakhstan and Mongolia. Conclusion The epidemic situation of human brucellosis has gradually worsened; the rampant epidemic of the disease has become a regional concern. The present study highlights that implementing the of targeted surveillance and intervention strategies is urge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangtian Liu
- The Fourth People's Hospital of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Yinchuan, China
| | - Xueping Ma
- Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Yinchuan, China
| | - Ruiqing Zhang
- The Fourth People's Hospital of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Yinchuan, China
| | - Jufen Lü
- The College of Public Health, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Pan Zhou
- The Fourth People's Hospital of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Yinchuan, China
| | - Bofei Liu
- The Fourth People's Hospital of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Yinchuan, China
| | - Tao Liu
- The Fourth People's Hospital of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Yinchuan, China
| | - Hui Ren
- The Fourth People's Hospital of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Yinchuan, China
| | - Zhiguo Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenjun Li
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Xuefeng Jiang
- The Fourth People's Hospital of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Yinchuan, China
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Abstract
Brucellosis is a major public health concern worldwide, especially for persons living in resource-limited settings. Historically, an evidence-based estimate of the global annual incidence of human cases has been elusive. We used international public health data to fill this information gap through application of risk metrics to worldwide and regional at-risk populations. We performed estimations using 3 statistical models (weighted average interpolation, bootstrap resampling, and Bayesian inference) and considered missing information. An evidence-based conservative estimate of the annual global incidence is 2.1 million, significantly higher than was previously assumed. Our models indicate Africa and Asia sustain most of the global risk and cases, although areas within the Americas and Europe remain of concern. This study reveals that disease risk and incidence are higher than previously suggested and lie mainly within resource-limited settings. Clarification of both misdiagnosis and underdiagnosis is required because those factors will amplify case estimates.
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An C, Shen L, Sun M, Sun Y, Fan S, Zhao C, Nie S, Luo B, Fu T, Liu K, Shao Z, Chang W. Exploring risk transfer of human brucellosis in the context of livestock agriculture transition: A case study in Shaanxi, China. Front Public Health 2023; 10:1009854. [PMID: 36777766 PMCID: PMC9911661 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.1009854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
With the booming of worldwide agriculture intensification, brucellosis, one of the most neglected zoonotic diseases, has become an increasing challenge for global public health. Although the transmission patterns of human brucellosis (HB) have been studied in many regions, the dynamic transfer processes of risk and its driving factors remain poorly understood, especially in the context of agricultural intensification. This study attempted to explore the risk transfer of HB between the exact epidemic areas and the neighboring or distant low-risk areas to explain the impact of livestock agriculture intensification and foodborne infections on the transmission of HB in Shaanxi Province as a case study. We adopted multiple approaches, including test-based methods, model-based methods, and a geographical detector to detect the spatial-temporal dynamic changes of high-risk epidemic areas of HB at the county scale. We also quantitatively estimated how the related factors drove the risk transfer of the disease. Results confirmed the risk transfer pattern of HB with an expansion from north to south in Shaanxi Province and identified two primary transfer routes. In particular, in the traditional epidemic areas of the Shaanbei plateau, the farm agglomeration effect can significantly increase the risk of HB. Meanwhile, retail outlets for milk and dairy products were partially responsible for the foodborne infections of HB in the emerging epidemic areas of Xi'an. This study not only contributed helpful insights to support HB control and prevention in the rapid transition of livestock agriculture but also provided possible directions for further research on foodborne HB infections in urbanized areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuihong An
- Department of Plague and Brucellosis, Shaanxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Xi'an, China,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Li Shen
- School of Remote Sensing and Information Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Minghao Sun
- School of Remote Sensing and Information Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yangxin Sun
- Department of Plague and Brucellosis, Shaanxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Xi'an, China
| | - Suoping Fan
- Department of Plague and Brucellosis, Shaanxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Xi'an, China
| | - Chenxi Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology, Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, School of Public Health, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Shoumin Nie
- Department of Plague and Brucellosis, Shaanxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Xi'an, China
| | - Boyan Luo
- Department of Plague and Brucellosis, Shaanxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Xi'an, China
| | - Ting Fu
- Department of Epidemiology, Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, School of Public Health, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Kun Liu
- Department of Epidemiology, Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, School of Public Health, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China,*Correspondence: Kun Liu ✉
| | - Zhongjun Shao
- Department of Epidemiology, Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, School of Public Health, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China,Zhongjun Shao ✉
| | - WenHui Chang
- Department of Plague and Brucellosis, Shaanxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Xi'an, China,WenHui Chang ✉
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Shukla JL, Husain AA, Lyngdoh SA, Nonglang FP, Sahai N, Gogoi M, Singh LR, Bhan S, Kashyap RS. Seroepidemiological study of human brucellosis in the Northeast region of Meghalaya, India. J Family Med Prim Care 2022; 11:5176-5186. [PMID: 36505523 PMCID: PMC9730955 DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_1705_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Brucellosis is a neglected zoonotic disease of major public health concern. In India, the incidence of brucellosis remains vastly underreported due to its non-specific clinical presentation and sub-optimal sensitivity of existing gold standard tests. Studies in Northeast India have shown high incidences of brucellosis in livestock, but the region lacks data on human brucellosis despite its high associated risk. In the present study, we report the seroprevalence of human brucellosis and its associated risk factors in Meghalaya, Northeast India. Materials and Methods A prospective observational study was conducted in East Khasi Hills and Ri.Bhoi districts of Meghalaya, from July 2018 to July 2020. A total of 1046 suspected patients with febrile illness along with associated risk factors were recruited through camps and various diagnostic laboratories in the defined region as per the pre.specified inclusion and exclusion criteria. Baseline, demographics, and clinical characteristics were recorded of all the consenting participants. Blood samples were analyzed for brucellosis-specific IgM antibodies through enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results and discussion The overall seroprevalence of brucellosis was found to be 11.37% in Meghalaya. Among recruited participants, females were found to be more susceptible than males. Risk factors such as consumption of meat were found to be more significantly associated with brucellosis disease in the study region. Among the clinical presentations, pyrexia of unknown origin, myalgia, and chronic fatigue syndrome were found to be significantly associated with brucellosis disease in IgM.positive cases. Conclusion Our result suggests further epidemiological investigations for human brucellosis in Northeast India toward improved advocacy for accurate diagnosis, and development of proper response mechanism in areas of high endemicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayshree L. Shukla
- Research Centre, Dr. G.M. Taori Central India Institute of Medical Sciences, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Aliabbas A. Husain
- Research Centre, Dr. G.M. Taori Central India Institute of Medical Sciences, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Samantha A. Lyngdoh
- Department of Biochemistry, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong, Meghalaya, India
| | - Flavius P. Nonglang
- Department of Biochemistry, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong, Meghalaya, India
| | - Nitin Sahai
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong, Meghalaya, India
| | - Manasjit Gogoi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong, Meghalaya, India
| | - Lokendra R. Singh
- Research Centre, Dr. G.M. Taori Central India Institute of Medical Sciences, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Surya Bhan
- Department of Biochemistry, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong, Meghalaya, India,Address for correspondence: Dr. Rajpal S. Kashyap, Research Centre, Central India Institute of Medical Sciences, 88/2, Bajaj Nagar, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India. E-mail:
Dr. Surya Bhan, Department of Biochemistry, North-Eastern Hill University (NEHU), Umshing Mawkynroh, Shillong, Meghalaya, India. E-mail:
| | - Rajpal S. Kashyap
- Research Centre, Dr. G.M. Taori Central India Institute of Medical Sciences, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India,Address for correspondence: Dr. Rajpal S. Kashyap, Research Centre, Central India Institute of Medical Sciences, 88/2, Bajaj Nagar, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India. E-mail:
Dr. Surya Bhan, Department of Biochemistry, North-Eastern Hill University (NEHU), Umshing Mawkynroh, Shillong, Meghalaya, India. E-mail:
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Ge L, Wang D, Lian F, Zhao J, Wang Y, Zhao Y, Zhang L, Wang J, Song X, Li J, Xu K. Lateral Flow Immunoassay for Visible Detection of Human Brucellosis Based on Blue Silica Nanoparticles. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:771341. [PMID: 34926642 PMCID: PMC8677672 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.771341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Brucellosis is a highly contagious zoonosis chronic infectious disease with a strong latent capability to endanger human health and economic development via direct or indirect ways. However, the existing methods for brucellosis diagnosis are time-consuming and expensive as they require a tedious experimental procedure and a sophisticated experimental device and performance. To overcome these defects, it is truly necessary to establish a real-time, on-site, and rapid detection method for human brucellosis. Here, a lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA) with a rapid, sensitive, and alternative diagnostic procedure for human brucellosis with a high degree of accuracy was developed based on blue silica nanoparticles (SiNPs), Staphylococcal protein A (SPA), and surface Lipopolysaccharide of Brucella spp. (LPS), which can be applied for rapid and feasible detection of human brucellosis. To our knowledge, this is the first report that uses blue SiNPs as a signal probe of LFIA for the rapid diagnosis of human brucellosis. The precursor of blue SiNPs@SPA such as colorless SiNPs and blue SiNPs was synthesized at first and then coupled with SPA onto the surface of blue SiNPs by covalent bond to prepare blue SiNPs@SPA as a capture signal to catch the antibody in the brucellosis-positive serum. When SPA was combined with the antibodies in the brucellosis-positive serum, it was captured by LPS on the test line, forming an antigen-antibody sandwich structure, resulting in the T line turning blue. Finally, the results showed that it is acceptable to use blue SiNPs as visible labels of LFIA, and standard brucellosis serum (containing Brucella spp. antibody at 1,000 IU/ml) could be detected at a dilution of 10-5 and the detection limit of this method was 0.01 IU/ml. Moreover, it also demonstrated good specificity and accuracy for the detection of real human serum samples. Above all, the blue SiNPs-based LFIA that we developed provides a rapid, highly accurate, and inexpensive on-site diagnosis of human brucellosis, and shows great promise in clinical diagnostics for other diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lirui Ge
- School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Public Health Detection Engineering Research Center of Jilin Province, Changchun, China
| | - Dan Wang
- School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Public Health Detection Engineering Research Center of Jilin Province, Changchun, China
| | - Fengnan Lian
- School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Public Health Detection Engineering Research Center of Jilin Province, Changchun, China
| | - Jinbin Zhao
- School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Public Health Detection Engineering Research Center of Jilin Province, Changchun, China
| | - Yue Wang
- School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Public Health Detection Engineering Research Center of Jilin Province, Changchun, China
| | - Yuyi Zhao
- School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Public Health Detection Engineering Research Center of Jilin Province, Changchun, China
| | - Lanting Zhang
- School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Juan Wang
- School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiuling Song
- School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jinhua Li
- School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Kun Xu
- School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Public Health Detection Engineering Research Center of Jilin Province, Changchun, China
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Zhai J, Peng R, Wang Y, Lu Y, Yi H, Liu J, Lu J, Chen Z. Factors Associated With Diagnostic Delays in Human Brucellosis in Tongliao City, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China. Front Public Health 2021; 9:648054. [PMID: 34692615 PMCID: PMC8526552 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.648054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The diagnostic delays pose a huge challenge to human brucellosis (HB), which increases the risk of chronicity and complications with a heavy disease burden. This study aimed to quantify and identify the associated factors in the diagnostic delays to its prevention, reduction, and elimination. This study analyzed risk factors associated with the diagnostic delays in a cross-sectional study with data collected from Tongliao City, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region of China. Diagnostic delays were defined with a cutoff of 30, 60, and 90 days. In different delay groups, risk factors of diagnostic delays were analyzed by univariate analysis and modeled by multivariate logistic regression analysis. A total of 14,506 cases were collected between January 1, 2005, and December 31, 2017, of which the median diagnostic delays was 29 days [interquartile range (IQR): 14–54 days]. Logistic regression analysis indicated that the older age category was associated with longer diagnostic delays across all groups. Longer diagnostic delays increase with age among three delay groups (p for trend <0.001). Occupation as herdsman was associated with shorter diagnostic delays in group 1 with 30 days [adjusted odds ratio (aOR), 0.890 (95% CI 0.804–0.986)]. Diagnostic delays was shorter in patients with brucellosis who were reported in CDC in all delay groups [aOR 0.738 (95% CI 0.690–0.790), 0.539 (95% CI 0.497–0.586), and 0.559 (95% CI 0.504–0.621)]. Pastoral/agricultural area was associated with shorter diagnostic delays in group 1 with 30 days [aOR, 0.889 (95%CI 0.831–0.951)] and group 3 with 90 days [aOR, 0.806 (95%CI 0.727–0.893)]. Stratified analysis showed that the older age category was associated with an increased risk of a long delay in both genders (p < 0.05). The older age group-to-youth group OR increased along with increased delay time (p for trend <0.001). Furthermore, the pastoral/agricultural area was associated with a shorter delay in males (p < 0.05). Delays exist in the diagnosis of HB. We should pay great attention to the risk factors of diagnostic delays, such as older population, non-herdsman, non-pastoral/agricultural area, non-disease prevention, and control agencies. Effective measures should shorten the diagnostic delays, achieve early detection, diagnosis, and treatment, and reduce the risk of HB's chronicity, complications, and economic burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingbo Zhai
- Innovative Institute of Zoonoses, Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities, Tongliao, China
| | - Ruihao Peng
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Plague and Brucellosis Prevention and Control Base, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Baicheng, China
| | - Yuying Lu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huaimin Yi
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinling Liu
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jiahai Lu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zeliang Chen
- Innovative Institute of Zoonoses, Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities, Tongliao, China.,Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Livestock Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China.,Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
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Ibrahim ME, Al-Shahrani MS. The incidence and clinical manifestations of human brucellosis in a referral hospital in Southern Saudi Arabia between 2015 and 2019. Acta Microbiol Immunol Hung 2021; 68:128-134. [PMID: 34081615 DOI: 10.1556/030.2021.01407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
We determined the incidence and clinical manifestations of human brucellosis from patients who attended a referral hospital in South of Saudi Arabia. A record-based retrospective study was conducted from January 2015 to December 2019 at King Abdulla Hospital, Bisha, Saudi Arabia. Information on patients' demographic characteristics, detailed records of signs and symptoms, and the laboratory findings were reviewed. Of 6,586 patients included, 15.8% (n = 1,041) were infected with brucellosis. The age of infected individuals ranged from five to 95 years, with an average of 35.1 ± 21.2 years. Most infected patients were male (72.3%). Young adults (26-44 years) were the most common age group with the disease (34.1%). The annual rate of infection significantly decreased (P < 0.0001) from 33.2% in 2015 to 12.5% in 2019. An escalating number of brucellosis cases was seen in the spring and peaked during the summer. Fever (35.3%), joint pain (25.5%), generalized body ache (10.7%), and neurological symptoms (10.0%) were the most frequent clinical manifestation associated with brucellosis. Joint pain was commonly found among children (44.4%). Neurological findings were more frequent among adult patients. The study concluded that brucellosis is endemic in Southern Saudi Arabia and needs local health authority to implement preventive and educational program measures. Infected patients may present with diverse, nonspecific clinical manifestations that require intuition from clinicians to detect the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mutasim E. Ibrahim
- 1Department of Basic Medical Sciences (Microbiology Unit), College of Medicine, University of Bisha, P.O. Box 731, Bisha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad S. Al-Shahrani
- 2Department of Family Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Bisha, P.O. Box 1290, Bisha, Saudi Arabia
- 3Ministry of Health, P.O. Box 551, Bisha, Saudi Arabia
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Liu Z, Wei D, Li Y, Zhou H, Huang D, Guan P. Different Clinical Manifestations of Human Brucellosis in Pregnant Women: A Systematic Scoping Review of 521 Cases from 10 Countries. Infect Drug Resist 2020; 13:1067-1079. [PMID: 32341659 PMCID: PMC7166055 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s248779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction This systematic scoping review aims to assess the frequency and severity of clinical manifestations of pregnant women with brucellosis. Methods Three literature databases, PubMed, Web of Science and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), and two search engines (Google and Yahoo) were adopted to identify the relevant articles that published until 31 December 2019. Two investigators independently screened the publications and extracted the data; the case reports and case series which described at least two symptoms or clinical manifestations of pregnant women with brucellosis were included. Results A total of 27 articles describing the information of 521 pregnant women with brucellosis were included. Serum agglutination test was the most common laboratory test in the diagnosis of brucellosis. A total of 36 clinical manifestations were extracted from the included articles, and the most common clinical manifestations were fever (400, 76.8%), joint pain/swelling/arthralgia (389, 74.7%), sweats (382, 73.3%), fatigue/asthenia/weakness (262, 50.3%) and back pain (189, 36.3%). Among the 32 included individual cases that with available obstetric outcome information, 10 (31.3%) suffered preterm delivery, 12 (37.5%) had an abortion and 3 (9.8%) had intrauterine fetal death. Conclusion Brucellosis is popular and threatening for pregnant women. Regarding the localized body system complications, osteoarticular system was mostly involved, the obstetrics outcomes were severe among pregnant women with brucellosis. The detailed clinical and epidemiological characteristics in this scoping review may add a better and more complete understanding of the disease for both physicians and policy-makers, and provide evidence for timely diagnosis, adequate therapy and better prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Liu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Dawei Wei
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanjun Li
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Zhou
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China.,Department of Impression Evidence Examination Technology, Criminal Investigation Police University of China, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Desheng Huang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China.,Department of Mathematics, School of Fundamental Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Guan
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
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10
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Liu Z, Shen T, Wei D, Yu Y, Huang D, Guan P. Analysis of the Epidemiological, Clinical Characteristics, Treatment and Prognosis of Human Brucellosis During 2014-2018 in Huludao, China. Infect Drug Resist 2020; 13:435-445. [PMID: 32104015 PMCID: PMC7023865 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s236326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To describe the incidence trend, demographic and clinical characteristics, treatment and prognosis, epidemiological history and risk factors of human brucellosis in Huludao, China. Patients and Methods A total of 1887 brucellosis patients were reported in Huludao, China from January, 2014 to December, 2018 and the case questionnaires from 1149 patients were collected from Huludao Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention. Demographic characteristics of the patients and the information relating to the patients' clinical manifestations, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis were collected and analyzed. Results The number of annually reported brucellosis patients has dropped from 711 to 187 during the study period, with the incidence decreased from 27.31/100,000 in 2014 to 7.15/100,000 in 2018. A total of 1149 individual data were collected, with a mean age of 49.59±13.14 years and 75.7% were male. Patients aged more than 60 years were more likely to have arthralgia/myalgia than the other age groups, and patients who had an enlarged spleen in male were more than female (P<0.05). There were more acute brucellosis cases, less sub-acute and chronic brucellosis cases in the ethnic minority (83.6%, 5.5% and 11.0%, respectively) than that in the Han nationality (64.7%, 22.2% and 13.0%, respectively, P<0.05). For antibiotic therapy, "Doxycycline plus rifampicin or streptomycin" was the most commonly used drug combination. Sheep/goat was the main contacted animal and feeding/grazing was the most frequent transmission route; no personal protective measures were the major risk factor. Conclusion The incidence of human brucellosis is still high in Huludao, China, and this is mostly associated with contacting with domestic animals and barely taking protective measures. The most common clinical manifestations of brucellosis patients in Huludao were fatigue, hyperhidrosis, fever, and arthralgia/myalgia, the most common route of exposure was feeding and grazing, and the major species of livestock was sheep/goat. The most commonly adopted treatment option was antibiotic therapy, and most patients responded well to treatment. The integrality and accuracy of the notifiable epidemiological case questionnaire needs to be improved in order to provide more factual and objective information for both the physicians and policy-makers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Liu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Tiefeng Shen
- Division of Infectious Disease Control, Huludao Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Huludao, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Dawei Wei
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Yu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Desheng Huang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China.,Department of Mathematics, School of Fundamental Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Guan
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
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11
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Li D, Li L, Zhai J, Wang L, Zhang B. Epidemiological features of human brucellosis in Tongliao City, Inner Mongolia province, China: a cross-sectional study over an 11-year period (2007-2017). BMJ Open 2020; 10:e031206. [PMID: 31900267 PMCID: PMC6955466 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-031206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To describe the epidemiology of human brucellosis in the past decade and provide evidence of disease control in Tongliao city, which is one of the highest-risk areas of human brucellosis in Inner Mongolia province, China. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. PARTICIPANTS Clinically and bacteriologically confirmed human brucellosis cases. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES An analysis of the reported cases of human brucellosis during 2007-2017 was carried out to describe the age, sex and occupational distributions of the cases. The time series analysis model and the geographical information system were explored to describe the seasonality and spatiotemporal distribution, respectively, at the county level. RESULTS A total of 13 938 cases of human brucellosis was collected in Tongliao from 2007 to 2017; the majority was aged 25 years to 59 years (85.4%) and the male-to-female ratio was 2.64:1; most of them were agriculturalists (81.9%) and pastoralists (12.4%). The incidence rates increased dramatically from 9.22/100 000 in 2007 to 69.16/100 000 in 2011 with an annual increase of 14.99%. They decreased during 2012-2016 (annual decrease of 8.37%) and rose again in 2017 (44.32/100 000). The disease peaked during March-July, with a clear periodicity and trend of monthly anterior displacement since 2012. Jarud Banner, the region located in the north-west of Tongliao, had the highest accumulated incidence rate (130.1/100 000) compared with other counties. The high-risk regions were spread from the north-west to the south and east of Tongliao during the past decade. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of human brucellosis in Tongliao was aggravated during the past decade and peaked during March-July. High-risk areas were mainly concentrated in the counties with extensive prairies and livestock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Li
- Department of Anatomy, The Medical College of Inner Mongolia University for the Nationalities, Tongliao, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Lifei Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia University for The Nationalities, Tongliao, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Jingbo Zhai
- Brucellosis Prevention and Treatment Engineering, Technology Research Center of Mongolia Autonomous region, Tongliao, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Lingzhan Wang
- Institute of Applied Anatomy, The Medical College of Inner Mongolia University for the Nationalities, Tongliao, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia University for The Nationalities, Tongliao, Inner Mongolia, China
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12
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Abstract
The clinical presentation of brucellosis in humans is variable and unspecific, and thus, laboratory corroboration of the diagnosis is essential for the patient's proper treatment. The diagnosis of brucellar infections can be made by culture, serological tests, and nucleic acid amplification assays. Modern automated blood culture systems enable detection of acute cases of brucellosis within the routine 5- to 7-day incubation protocol employed in clinical microbiology laboratories, although a longer incubation and performance of blind subcultures may be needed for protracted cases. Serological tests, though they lack specificity and provide results that may be difficult to interpret in individuals repeatedly exposed to Brucella organisms, nevertheless remain a diagnostic cornerstone in resource-poor countries. Nucleic acid amplification assays combine exquisite sensitivity, specificity, and safety and enable rapid diagnosis of the disease. However, long-term persistence of positive molecular test results in patients that have apparently fully recovered is common and has unclear clinical significance and therapeutic implications. Therefore, as long as there are no sufficiently validated commercial tests or studies that demonstrate an adequate interlaboratory reproducibility of the different homemade PCR assays, cultures and serological methods will remain the primary tools for the diagnosis and posttherapeutic follow-up of human brucellosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Yagupsky
- Clinical Microbiology Laboratory, Soroka University Medical Center, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Pilar Morata
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Málaga, Málaga, Spain
- IBIMA, Málaga, Spain
| | - Juan D Colmenero
- Infectious Diseases Service, University Regional Hospital, Málaga, Spain
- IBIMA, Málaga, Spain
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13
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Saddique A, Ali S, Akhter S, Khan I, Neubauer H, Melzer F, Khan AU, Azam A, El-Adawy H. Acute Febrile Illness Caused by Brucella abortus Infection in Humans in Pakistan. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2019; 16:ijerph16214071. [PMID: 31652718 PMCID: PMC6862605 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16214071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Revised: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Brucellosis is a zoonosis of great and worldwide public health concern that can cause a severe febrile illness in humans. In Pakistan, brucellosis is a critical problem in both animals and humans. This study aimed to gain insight into its prevalence and to analyze the potential risk factors of patients with acute febrile illness (AFI) of an unknown cause, at the hospitals of Rawalpindi and Islamabad in Pakistan. In total, 446 blood samples were collected from patients and screened for brucellosis using the Rose Bengal Plat Test (RBPT). All the serum samples were investigated for Brucella DNA using specific real-time PCR. Age, sex, occupation, urbanicity, socioeconomic status and history of animal contact were recorded and assessed as potential risk factors. The proportion of acute febrile illness patients for whom brucellosis could be suspected was 10.1% by the RBPT. Brucella DNA was detected in 26 (5.8%) cases and identified as B. abortus. Contact with infected animals, consumption of raw milk and socioeconomic status showed a highly significant (p < 0.05) correlation with seropositivity. Elderly patients (19.7% RBPT and 12.1% PCR) and females (13% RBPT and 9.3% PCR) were of high risk of brucellosis. Patients suffering from brucellosis-related manifestations should be screened for brucellosis, especially those in contact with animals or those consuming their unprocessed products, given the increased risk. The results of this study, which highlight that Brucella abortus as an important cause of acute febrile illnesses in humans, aid the development of effective control strategies for human brucellosis in Pakistan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arbab Saddique
- Animal Physiology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University 46000 Rawalpindi, Pakistan.
| | - Shahzad Ali
- Wildlife Epidemiology and Molecular Microbiology Laboratory (One Health Research Group), Discipline of Zoology, Department of Wildlife and Ecology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Ravi Campus, 55300, Pattoki, Pakistan.
| | - Shamim Akhter
- Animal Physiology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University 46000 Rawalpindi, Pakistan.
| | - Iahtasham Khan
- Section of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore Sub- campus Jhang, 35200, Pakistan.
| | - Heinrich Neubauer
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses, Naumburger Str. 10 96a, D-07743 Jena, Germany.
| | - Falk Melzer
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses, Naumburger Str. 10 96a, D-07743 Jena, Germany.
| | - Aman Ullah Khan
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses, Naumburger Str. 10 96a, D-07743 Jena, Germany.
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, 35200, Jhang, Pakistan.
| | - Asima Azam
- Department of Zoology, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto Women University, 25000, Peshawar, Pakistan.
| | - Hosny El-Adawy
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses, Naumburger Str. 10 96a, D-07743 Jena, Germany.
- Faculty Medicine of Veterinary, Kafrelsheikh University, 33516, Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt.
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14
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Shirmohammadi-Khorram N, Tapak L, Hamidi O, Maryanaji Z. A comparison of three data mining time series models in prediction of monthly brucellosis surveillance data. Zoonoses Public Health 2019; 66:759-772. [PMID: 31305019 DOI: 10.1111/zph.12622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2017] [Revised: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The early and accurately detection of brucellosis incidence change is of great importance for implementing brucellosis prevention strategic health planning. The present study investigated and compared the performance of the three data mining techniques, random forest (RF), support vector machine (SVM) and multivariate adaptive regression splines (MARSs), in time series modelling and predicting of monthly brucellosis data from 2005 (March/April) to 2017 (February/March) extracted from a national public health surveillance system in Hamadan located in west of Iran. The performances were compared based on the root mean square errors, mean absolute errors, determination coefficient (R2 ) and intraclass correlation coefficient criteria. Results indicated that the RF model outperformed the SVM and MARS models in modeling used data and it can be utilized successfully utilized to diagnose the behaviour of brucellosis over time. Further research with application of such novel time series models in practice provides the most appropriate method in the control and prevention of future outbreaks for the epidemiologist.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Leili Tapak
- Modeling of Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.,Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Omid Hamidi
- Department of Science, Hamedan University of Technology, Hamedan, Iran
| | - Zohreh Maryanaji
- Department of Geography, Sayyed Jamaleddin Asadabadi University, Asadabad, Iran
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15
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Zhan BD, Wang SQ, Lai SM, Lu Y, Shi XG, Cao GP, Hu XL, Zheng CJ, Yu ZY, Zhang JM, Fang CF, Gong ZY. Outbreak of Occupational Brucellosis at a Pharmaceutical Factory in Southeast China. Zoonoses Public Health 2016; 64:431-437. [PMID: 27863096 DOI: 10.1111/zph.12322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Brucellosis is an occupational disease affecting workers in butcher shops, the milking and dairy product industry, causing more than 500 000 new cases around the world. As a national statutory B infectious disease in China, morbidity of brucellosis is rapidly increasing in recent years. We report an occupational outbreak of brucellosis infection in a pharmaceutical factory. Exposure was a result of manual operation in the process line, close contact with sheep placentas, insufficient disinfection and repeated using of protective suits and infected by aerosol dissemination. Improved preventive methods, appropriate public health measures and spread of health education would be helpful to prevent the occupational outbreak of brucellosis in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- B D Zhan
- Quzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Quzhou, China
| | - S Q Wang
- Quzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Quzhou, China
| | - S M Lai
- Quzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Quzhou, China
| | - Y Lu
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China
| | - X G Shi
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China
| | - G P Cao
- Quzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Quzhou, China
| | - X L Hu
- Quzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Quzhou, China
| | - C J Zheng
- Quzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Quzhou, China
| | - Z Y Yu
- Quzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Quzhou, China
| | - J M Zhang
- Quzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Quzhou, China
| | - C F Fang
- Quzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Quzhou, China
| | - Z Y Gong
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China
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16
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Ye C, Shen GF, Li SX, Dong LL, Yu YK, Tu W, Zhu YZ, Hu SX. Human brucellosis mimicking axial spondyloarthritis: a challenge for rheumatologists when applying the 2009 ASAS criteria. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 36:368-371. [PMID: 27376805 DOI: 10.1007/s11596-016-1593-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2016] [Revised: 03/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Although the development of the 2009 SpA classification criteria by Assessment of SpondyloArthritis international Society (ASAS) represents an important step towards a better definition of the early disease stage particularly in axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA), the specificity of the criteria has been criticized these days. As the commonest zoonotic infection worldwide, human brucellosis can mimic a large number of diseases, including SpA. This study was performed to determine the frequency of rheumatologic manifestations in patients with brucellosis and the chance of misdiagnosing them as having axSpA in central China. The results showed that clinical manifestations of axSpA could be observed in brucellosis. Over half of patients had back pain, and one fifth of the patients with back pain were less than 45 years old at onset and had the symptom for more than 3 months. Two young males were falsely classified as suffering from axSpA according to the ASAS criteria, and one with MRI proved sacroiliitis was once given Etanercept for treatment. Therefore, differential diagnosis including human brucellosis should always be kept in mind when applying the ASAS criteria, even in traditionally non-endemic areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Ye
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Gui-Fen Shen
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Shou-Xin Li
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Ling-Li Dong
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Yi-Kai Yu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Wei Tu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Ying-Zi Zhu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Shao-Xian Hu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
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17
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Hamidi A, Mayer-Scholl A, Dreshaj S, Robaj A, Sylejmani D, Ramadani N, Al Dahouk S, Nöckler K. Isolation and Identification of Brucella melitensis Biovar 3 from Vaccinated Small Ruminants: A Public Health Threat in Kosovo. Transbound Emerg Dis 2015; 63:e296-e299. [PMID: 25704160 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.12336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
In 2011, a human brucellosis case with severe clinical symptoms was reported at the University Clinic for Infectious Diseases in Prishtina, Kosovo. A trace-back investigation was conducted to find the source of human infection. A total of 49 blood samples and 15 corresponding milk samples from sheep and goats raised on the patient's farm were taken for serological and molecular analysis. Serology using RBT and CFT revealed 11 positive animals. Twelve milk samples were PCR positive. A Brucella strain isolated from a goat's milk sample was classified as Brucella melitensis biovar 3, indicating the first ever isolation and report in Kosovo. The use of the Bruce-ladder PCR provided differentiation between the field strain and the vaccine strain. Hence, the accidental transmission of the vaccine strain Rev 1 that was previously used for the vaccination of the farm animals could be excluded. The findings of this study show that brucellosis is still a public health threat in Kosovo despite control measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Hamidi
- Department of Veterinary, Faculty of Agriculture and Veterinary, University of Prishtina, Prishtina, Kosovo.
| | | | - S Dreshaj
- University Clinic for Infectious Diseases, University of Prishtina, Prishtina, Kosovo
| | - A Robaj
- Department of Veterinary, Faculty of Agriculture and Veterinary, University of Prishtina, Prishtina, Kosovo
| | - D Sylejmani
- Department of Veterinary, Faculty of Agriculture and Veterinary, University of Prishtina, Prishtina, Kosovo
| | - N Ramadani
- National Public Health Institute, Prishtina, Kosovo
| | - S Al Dahouk
- Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Berlin, Germany
| | - K Nöckler
- Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Berlin, Germany
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18
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Miller R, Nakavuma JL, Ssajjakambwe P, Vudriko P, Musisi N, Kaneene JB. The Prevalence of Brucellosis in Cattle, Goats and Humans in Rural Uganda: A Comparative Study. Transbound Emerg Dis 2015; 63:e197-e210. [PMID: 25660343 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.12332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A cross-sectional study was conducted to determine the presence of brucellosis in cattle, goats and humans in farms from south-western Uganda and identify risk factors associated with brucellosis in these three host groups. Data and serum samples were collected from 768 cattle, 315 goats and 236 humans, with 635 samples of bovine milk, from 70 farms in two different study areas in south-western Uganda. Sera from livestock were tested with the Rose Bengal Plate test, using B. abortus and B. melitensis antigens, and human sera were tested with a commercial IgG/IgM lateral flow assay. Milk samples were tested using the OIE-approved milk ring test. Screening tests for brucellosis were positive in 14% of cattle serum, 29% of bovine milk, 17% of goat serum and 11% of human serum samples. There were significant differences in the test prevalence of brucellosis by study site, with levels higher in the study area near Lake Mburo National Park than in the study area near Queen Elizabeth National Park. Multivariable regression models identified risk factors associated with increasing test positivity at the individual and farm levels for cattle, goats and humans. Positive associations were seen between increasing seropositivity of brucellosis in goats, cattle and humans. Results of multivariable analyses suggest that improvements in farm biosecurity and hygiene may reduce the risk of brucellosis on the farm and suggest a role for ticks in bovine brucellosis. Although cattle are the focus of brucellosis control in Uganda, the significant associations between seropositivity in humans and seropositivity in goats suggest that brucellosis in goats may be an important contributor to the epidemiology of the disease on the farm.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Miller
- Center for Comparative Epidemiology, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - J L Nakavuma
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources and Biosecurity, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - P Ssajjakambwe
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources and Biosecurity, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - P Vudriko
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources and Biosecurity, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - N Musisi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources and Biosecurity, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - J B Kaneene
- Center for Comparative Epidemiology, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA.
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19
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Yohannes M, Gill JPS. Seroepidemiological survey of human brucellosis in and around Ludhiana, India. Emerg Health Threats J 2011; 4:7361. [PMID: 24149042 PMCID: PMC3185330 DOI: 10.3402/ehtj.v4i0.7361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2011] [Revised: 07/03/2011] [Accepted: 09/04/2011] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Studies have been done on public health significance of brucellosis using serology with little or no emphasis to risk factors. Therefore, this study was designed to investigate seroprevalence of brucellosis and assess epidemiological variables associated with human brucellosis. After obtaining verbal consent, 241 peripheral blood samples were collected from occupationally exposed groups with and without pyrexia of unknown origin. A structured questionnaire was prepared to gather risk factors, such as occupation, age, sex, history of consuming raw milk and other unpasteurised dairy products, direct contact with domestic animals, general knowledge about the route of transmission and awareness level. Purposive sampling was used to select the key informants. All serum samples were first screened by Rose Bengal Plate Test (RBPT) and further analysed by Standard Tube Agglutination Test (STAT). The results revealed that 24.5% were positive by RBPT and diagnosis was established in 26.6% using STAT with a titre range between 80 and 1,280 IU/ml. Among occupational groups, prevalence was 17.8% in veterinarians and pharmacists but was not statistically significant. The most common clinical symptoms at presentation were fever, headache, back pain, arthralgia and myalgia. No female reactor was found and the mean age and standard deviation of seropositive patients was 34.69±10.97 years. Risk factors such as residence in rural area, participation in vaccination of animals and eating during working hours were significantly associated (P<0.05) with brucellosis by univariate and multivariate analysis. In conclusion, to deal with occupation-related disease like brucellosis, awareness on risk factors must be part of extension education campaign. Besides, regular surveillance of the disease needs to be integrated into control and prevention programme at a local and national level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moti Yohannes
- Department of Microbiology and Veterinary Public Health, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia;
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20
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Gemechu MY, Gill JPS, Arora AK, Ghatak S, Singh DK. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay for rapid diagnosis and its role in prevention of human brucellosis in Punjab, India. Int J Prev Med 2011; 2:170-7. [PMID: 21811660 PMCID: PMC3143531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2010] [Accepted: 05/20/2011] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Brucellosis is the most common zoonotic disease that has been diagnosed mainly by serological tests and blood culture to some extent. This study was designed to establish a PCR technique for rapid diagnosis to be used in surveillance activities. METHODS The purpose of this study was firstly explained to the study population and verbal consent was obtained before sample collection. Peripheral blood was collected from 116 occupationally exposed groups with and without pyrexia of unknown origin from various districts of Punjab. Samples were subjected to blood culture, serological tests and DNA extraction was done using conventional laboratory extraction procedure. A primer pair B4/B5 that amplifies a gene encoding a 31 kDa immunogenic outer membrane protein (bcsp31) of Brucella species was used for PCR amplification. RESULTS The results showed that 8 (7%) of the cases had positive PCR and the detection threshold of primers used in this study were 715 cfu/ml. PCR results were 51.3% accurate for sensitivity of 12.6% and specificity of 100% using STAT as gold standard. CONCLUSIONS Early-case reporting is possible by rapid tests like PCR. Thus, PCR is a promising diagnostic tool for routine investigation and surveillance of brucellosis which is the key element for management of prevention and control programmes. But patient condition before testing, optimal clinical specimen, sample volume used, simple and efficient DNA extraction protocol are the points of concern for PCR to be used as a routine test in clinical laboratory practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moti Yohannes Gemechu
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, Jimma University, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, P.O. Box 307, Jimma, Ethiopia.
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Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the possible influence of the tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFA) gene promoter polymorphisms and HLA class II genes on the susceptibility to or development of human brucellosis. TNFA genotypes (at positions -308 and -238) were determined in 59 patients with brucellosis and 160 healthy controls by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism. There were no significant differences between the patients and the controls for the TNFA-238 genotypes. However, when the overall TNFA-308 genotype distribution of the brucella patients was compared with that of the control subjects, a significant skewing was observed (P = 0.02). The TNFA-308.1/2 genotype was present at significantly higher frequency in the total patient as a whole compared with control subjects (30% versus 15%; P = 0.01, odds ratio (OR) 2.49, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.16-5.33). No statistically significant differences in the distribution of HLA-DRB1 or DQB1 alleles were observed between brucella patients and control subjects. Stratification to correct for interdependence of TNFA-308.2 and HLA-DR3 alleles confirmed that, in spite of their strong linkage disequilibrium, the association of TNFA-308.2 with brucellosis was independent of HLA-DR3.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Caballero
- Servicio de Inmunología and Unidad de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital 'Carlos Haya', Málaga, Spain
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