1
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Walters JN, Schouest B, Patel A, Reuschel EL, Schultheis K, Parzych E, Maricic I, Gary EN, Purwar M, Andrade VM, Doan A, Elwood D, Eblimit Z, Nguyen B, Frase D, Zaidi FI, Kulkarni A, Generotti A, Joseph Kim J, Humeau LM, Ramos SJ, Smith TR, Weiner DB, Broderick KE. Prime-boost vaccination regimens with INO-4800 and INO-4802 augment and broaden immune responses against SARS-CoV-2 in nonhuman primates. Vaccine 2022; 40:2960-2969. [PMID: 35428500 PMCID: PMC8977452 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2022.03.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The enhanced transmissibility and immune evasion associated with emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants demands the development of next-generation vaccines capable of inducing superior protection amid a shifting pandemic landscape. Since a portion of the global population harbors some level of immunity from vaccines based on the original Wuhan-Hu-1 SARS-CoV-2 sequence or natural infection, an important question going forward is whether this immunity can be boosted by next-generation vaccines that target emerging variants while simultaneously maintaining long-term protection against existing strains. Here, we evaluated the immunogenicity of INO-4800, our synthetic DNA vaccine candidate for COVID-19 currently in clinical evaluation, and INO-4802, a next-generation DNA vaccine designed to broadly target emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants, as booster vaccines in nonhuman primates. Rhesus macaques primed over one year prior with the first-generation INO-4800 vaccine were boosted with either INO-4800 or INO-4802 in homologous or heterologous prime-boost regimens. Both boosting schedules led to an expansion of T cells and antibody responses which were characterized by improved neutralizing and ACE2 blocking activity across wild-type SARS-CoV-2 as well as multiple variants of concern. These data illustrate the durability of immunity following vaccination with INO-4800 and additionally support the use of either INO-4800 or INO-4802 in prime-boost regimens.
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2
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Xu Z, Walker S, Wise MC, Chokkalingam N, Purwar M, Moore A, Tello-Ruiz E, Wu Y, Majumdar S, Konrath KM, Kulkarni A, Tursi NJ, Zaidi FI, Reuschel EL, Patel I, Obeirne A, Du J, Schultheis K, Gites L, Smith T, Mendoza J, Broderick KE, Humeau L, Pallesen J, Weiner DB, Kulp DW. Induction of tier-2 neutralizing antibodies in mice with a DNA-encoded HIV envelope native like trimer. Nat Commun 2022; 13:695. [PMID: 35121758 PMCID: PMC8816947 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-28363-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
HIV Envelope (Env) is the main vaccine target for induction of neutralizing antibodies. Stabilizing Env into native-like trimer (NLT) conformations is required for recombinant protein immunogens to induce autologous neutralizing antibodies(nAbs) against difficult to neutralize HIV strains (tier-2) in rabbits and non-human primates. Immunizations of mice with NLTs have generally failed to induce tier-2 nAbs. Here, we show that DNA-encoded NLTs fold properly in vivo and induce autologous tier-2 nAbs in mice. DNA-encoded NLTs also uniquely induce both CD4 + and CD8 + T-cell responses as compared to corresponding protein immunizations. Murine neutralizing antibodies are identified with an advanced sequencing technology. The structure of an Env-Ab (C05) complex, as determined by cryo-EM, identifies a previously undescribed neutralizing Env C3/V5 epitope. Beyond potential functional immunity gains, DNA vaccines permit in vivo folding of structured antigens and provide significant cost and speed advantages for enabling rapid evaluation of new HIV vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyang Xu
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Susanne Walker
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Megan C Wise
- Inovio Pharmaceuticals, Plymouth Meeting, PA, 19462, USA
| | - Neethu Chokkalingam
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Mansi Purwar
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Alan Moore
- Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA
| | - Edgar Tello-Ruiz
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Yuanhan Wu
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Sonali Majumdar
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Kylie M Konrath
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Abhijeet Kulkarni
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Nicholas J Tursi
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Faraz I Zaidi
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Emma L Reuschel
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Ishaan Patel
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - April Obeirne
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Jianqiu Du
- Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA
| | | | - Lauren Gites
- Inovio Pharmaceuticals, Plymouth Meeting, PA, 19462, USA
| | - Trevor Smith
- Inovio Pharmaceuticals, Plymouth Meeting, PA, 19462, USA
| | - Janess Mendoza
- Inovio Pharmaceuticals, Plymouth Meeting, PA, 19462, USA
| | | | - Laurent Humeau
- Inovio Pharmaceuticals, Plymouth Meeting, PA, 19462, USA
| | - Jesper Pallesen
- Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA
| | - David B Weiner
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Daniel W Kulp
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
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3
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Kraynyak KA, Blackwood E, Agnes J, Tebas P, Giffear M, Amante D, Reuschel EL, Purwar M, Christensen-Quick A, Liu N, Andrade VM, Diehl MC, Wani S, Lupicka M, Sylvester A, Morrow MP, Pezzoli P, McMullan T, Kulkarni AJ, Zaidi FI, Frase D, Liaw K, Smith TRF, Ramos SJ, Ervin J, Adams M, Lee J, Dallas M, Brown AS, Shea JE, Kim JJ, Weiner DB, Broderick KE, Humeau LM, Boyer JD, Mammen MP. SARS-CoV-2 DNA Vaccine INO-4800 Induces Durable Immune Responses Capable of Being Boosted in a Phase 1 Open-Label Trial. J Infect Dis 2022; 225:1923-1932. [PMID: 35079784 PMCID: PMC8807286 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiac016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Additional SARS-CoV-2 vaccines that are safe and effective as primary vaccines and boosters remain urgently needed to combat the COVID-19 pandemic. We describe the safety and durability of the immune responses following two primary doses and a homologous booster dose of an investigational DNA vaccine (INO-4800) targeting the full-length spike antigen.
Methods
Three dosage strengths of INO-4800 (0.5 mg, 1.0 mg, and 2.0 mg) were evaluated in 120 age-stratified healthy adults. Intradermal injection of INO-4800 followed by electroporation at 0 and 4 weeks preceded an optional booster 6-10.5 months after the second dose.
Results
INO-4800 appeared well tolerated, with no treatment-related serious adverse events. Most adverse events were mild and did not increase in frequency with age and subsequent dosing. A durable antibody response was observed 6 months following the second dose; a homologous booster dose significantly increased immune responses. Cytokine producing T cells and activated CD8+ T cells with lytic potential were significantly increased in the 2.0 mg dose group.
Conclusion
INO-4800 was well tolerated in a 2-dose primary series and as a homologous booster in all adults, including the elderly. These results support further development of INO-4800 for use as a primary vaccine and as a booster.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Joseph Agnes
- Inovio Pharmaceuticals, Plymouth Meeting, PA, USA
| | - Pablo Tebas
- Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Mary Giffear
- Inovio Pharmaceuticals, Plymouth Meeting, PA, USA
| | - Dinah Amante
- Inovio Pharmaceuticals, Plymouth Meeting, PA, USA
| | - Emma L Reuschel
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Mansi Purwar
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Neiman Liu
- Inovio Pharmaceuticals, Plymouth Meeting, PA, USA
| | | | | | - Snehal Wani
- Inovio Pharmaceuticals, Plymouth Meeting, PA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Faraz I Zaidi
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Drew Frase
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kevin Liaw
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | | | - John Ervin
- Alliance for Multispecialty Research, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Mark Adams
- Alliance for Multispecialty Research, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Jessica Lee
- Inovio Pharmaceuticals, Plymouth Meeting, PA, USA
| | | | | | | | - J Joseph Kim
- Inovio Pharmaceuticals, Plymouth Meeting, PA, USA
| | - David B Weiner
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | | | - Jean D Boyer
- Inovio Pharmaceuticals, Plymouth Meeting, PA, USA
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4
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Tebas P, Roberts CC, Muthumani K, Reuschel EL, Kudchodkar SB, Zaidi FI, White S, Khan AS, Racine T, Choi H, Boyer J, Park YK, Trottier S, Remigio C, Krieger D, Spruill SE, Kobinger GP, Weiner DB, Maslow JN. Safety and Immunogenicity of an Anti-Zika Virus DNA Vaccine. N Engl J Med 2021; 385:e35. [PMID: 34525286 PMCID: PMC6824915 DOI: 10.1056/nejmoa1708120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 202] [Impact Index Per Article: 67.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although Zika virus (ZIKV) infection is typically self-limiting, other associated complications such as congenital birth defects and the Guillain-Barré syndrome are well described. There are no approved vaccines against ZIKV infection. METHODS In this phase 1, open-label clinical trial, we evaluated the safety and immunogenicity of a synthetic, consensus DNA vaccine (GLS-5700) encoding the ZIKV premembrane and envelope proteins in two groups of 20 participants each. The participants received either 1 mg or 2 mg of vaccine intradermally, with each injection followed by electroporation (the use of a pulsed electric field to introduce the DNA sequence into cells) at baseline, 4 weeks, and 12 weeks. RESULTS The median age of the participants was 38 years, and 60% were women; 78% were White and 22% Black; in addition, 30% were Hispanic. At the interim analysis at 14 weeks (i.e., after the third dose of vaccine), no serious adverse events were reported. Local reactions at the vaccination site (e.g., injection-site pain, redness, swelling, and itching) occurred in approximately 50% of the participants. After the third dose of vaccine, binding antibodies (as measured on enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) were detected in all the participants, with geometric mean titers of 1642 and 2871 in recipients of 1 mg and 2 mg of vaccine, respectively. Neutralizing antibodies developed in 62% of the samples on Vero-cell assay. On neuronal-cell assay, there was 90% inhibition of ZIKV infection in 70% of the serum samples and 50% inhibition in 95% of the samples. The intraperitoneal injection of postvaccination serum protected 103 of 112 IFNAR knockout mice (bred with deletion of genes encoding interferon-α and interferon-β receptors) (92%) that were challenged with a lethal dose of ZIKV-PR209 strain; none of the mice receiving baseline serum survived the challenge. Survival was independent of the neutralization titer. CONCLUSIONS In this phase 1, open-label clinical trial, a DNA vaccine elicited anti-ZIKV immune responses. Further studies are needed to better evaluate the safety and efficacy of the vaccine. (Funded by GeneOne Life Science and others; ZIKA-001 ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT02809443.).
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Tebas
- Divison of Infectious Diseases, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Scott White
- Inovio Pharmaceuticals, Plymouth Meeting, PA
| | | | - Trina Racine
- Infectious Diseases Research Centre-Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada
| | | | - Jean Boyer
- Inovio Pharmaceuticals, Plymouth Meeting, PA
| | | | - Sylvie Trottier
- Infectious Diseases Research Centre-Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada
| | | | | | | | - Gary P. Kobinger
- Infectious Diseases Research Centre-Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada
| | | | - Joel N. Maslow
- GeneOne Life Science Inc., Seoul, Korea
- Department of Medicine, Morristown Medical Center, Morristown NJ
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5
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Patel A, Reuschel EL, Xu Z, Zaidi FI, Kim KY, Scott DP, Mendoza J, Ramos S, Stoltz R, Feldmann F, Okumura A, Meade-White K, Haddock E, Thomas T, Rosenke R, Lovaglio J, Hanley PW, Saturday G, Muthumani K, Feldmann H, Humeau LM, Broderick KE, Weiner DB. Intradermal delivery of a synthetic DNA vaccine protects macaques from Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus. JCI Insight 2021; 6:146082. [PMID: 33886507 PMCID: PMC8262283 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.146082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging coronaviruses from zoonotic reservoirs, including severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV), Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), have been associated with human-to-human transmission and significant morbidity and mortality. Here, we study both intradermal and intramuscular 2-dose delivery regimens of an advanced synthetic DNA vaccine candidate encoding a full-length MERS-CoV spike (S) protein, which induced potent binding and neutralizing antibodies as well as cellular immune responses in rhesus macaques. In a MERS-CoV challenge, all immunized rhesus macaques exhibited reduced clinical symptoms, lowered viral lung load, and decreased severity of pathological signs of disease compared with controls. Intradermal vaccination was dose sparing and more effective in this model at protecting animals from disease. The data support the further study of this vaccine for preventing MERS-CoV infection and transmission, including investigation of such vaccines and simplified delivery routes against emerging coronaviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ami Patel
- Vaccine & Immunotherapy Center, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Emma L. Reuschel
- Vaccine & Immunotherapy Center, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ziyang Xu
- Vaccine & Immunotherapy Center, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Faraz I. Zaidi
- Vaccine & Immunotherapy Center, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Kevin Y. Kim
- Vaccine & Immunotherapy Center, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Dana P. Scott
- Rocky Mountain Veterinary Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Hamilton, Montana, USA
| | - Janess Mendoza
- Inovio Pharmaceuticals Inc., Plymouth Meeting, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Stephanie Ramos
- Inovio Pharmaceuticals Inc., Plymouth Meeting, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Regina Stoltz
- Vaccine & Immunotherapy Center, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Friederike Feldmann
- Rocky Mountain Veterinary Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Hamilton, Montana, USA
| | - Atsushi Okumura
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Hamilton, Montana, USA
| | - Kimberly Meade-White
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Hamilton, Montana, USA
| | - Elaine Haddock
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Hamilton, Montana, USA
| | - Tina Thomas
- Rocky Mountain Veterinary Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Hamilton, Montana, USA
| | - Rebecca Rosenke
- Rocky Mountain Veterinary Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Hamilton, Montana, USA
| | - Jamie Lovaglio
- Rocky Mountain Veterinary Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Hamilton, Montana, USA
| | - Patrick W. Hanley
- Rocky Mountain Veterinary Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Hamilton, Montana, USA
| | - Greg Saturday
- Rocky Mountain Veterinary Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Hamilton, Montana, USA
| | - Kar Muthumani
- Vaccine & Immunotherapy Center, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Heinz Feldmann
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Hamilton, Montana, USA
| | | | | | - David B. Weiner
- Vaccine & Immunotherapy Center, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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6
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Tebas P, Yang S, Boyer JD, Reuschel EL, Patel A, Christensen-Quick A, Andrade VM, Morrow MP, Kraynyak K, Agnes J, Purwar M, Sylvester A, Pawlicki J, Gillespie E, Maricic I, Zaidi FI, Kim KY, Dia Y, Frase D, Pezzoli P, Schultheis K, Smith TR, Ramos SJ, McMullan T, Buttigieg K, Carroll MW, Ervin J, Diehl MC, Blackwood E, Mammen MP, Lee J, Dallas MJ, Brown AS, Shea JE, Kim J, Weiner DB, Broderick KE, Humeau LM. Safety and immunogenicity of INO-4800 DNA vaccine against SARS-CoV-2: A preliminary report of an open-label, Phase 1 clinical trial. EClinicalMedicine 2021; 31:100689. [PMID: 33392485 PMCID: PMC7759123 DOI: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2020.100689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 is of high urgency. Here the safety and immunogenicity induced by a DNA vaccine (INO-4800) targeting the full length spike antigen of SARS-CoV-2 are described. METHODS INO-4800 was evaluated in two groups of 20 participants, receiving either 1.0 mg or 2.0 mg of vaccine intradermally followed by CELLECTRA® EP at 0 and 4 weeks. Thirty-nine subjects completed both doses; one subject in the 2.0 mg group discontinued trial participation prior to receiving the second dose. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT04336410. FINDINGS The median age was 34.5, 55% (22/40) were men and 82.5% (33/40) white. Through week 8, only 6 related Grade 1 adverse events in 5 subjects were observed. None of these increased in frequency with the second administration. No serious adverse events were reported. All 38 subjects evaluable for immunogenicity had cellular and/or humoral immune responses following the second dose of INO-4800. By week 6, 95% (36/38) of the participants seroconverted based on their responses by generating binding (ELISA) and/or neutralizing antibodies (PRNT IC50), with responder geometric mean binding antibody titers of 655.5 [95% CI (255.6, 1681.0)] and 994.2 [95% CI (395.3, 2500.3)] in the 1.0 mg and 2.0 mg groups, respectively. For neutralizing antibody, 78% (14/18) and 84% (16/19) generated a response with corresponding geometric mean titers of 102.3 [95% CI (37.4, 280.3)] and 63.5 [95% CI (39.6, 101.8)], in the respective groups. By week 8, 74% (14/19) and 100% (19/19) of subjects generated T cell responses by IFN-ɣ ELISpot assay with the median SFU per 106 PBMC of 46 [95% CI (21.1, 142.2)] and 71 [95% CI (32.2, 194.4)] in the 1.0 mg and 2.0 mg groups, respectively. Flow cytometry demonstrated a T cell response, dominated by CD8+ T cells co-producing IFN-ɣ and TNF-α, without increase in IL-4. INTERPRETATION INO-4800 demonstrated excellent safety and tolerability and was immunogenic in 100% (38/38) of the vaccinated subjects by eliciting either or both humoral or cellular immune responses. FUNDING Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations (CEPI).
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Tebas
- Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - ShuPing Yang
- Inovio Pharmaceuticals, Plymouth Meeting, PA 19462, USA
| | - Jean D. Boyer
- Inovio Pharmaceuticals, Plymouth Meeting, PA 19462, USA
| | - Emma L. Reuschel
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Ami Patel
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Joseph Agnes
- Inovio Pharmaceuticals, Plymouth Meeting, PA 19462, USA
| | - Mansi Purwar
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | | | - Jan Pawlicki
- Inovio Pharmaceuticals, Plymouth Meeting, PA 19462, USA
| | | | - Igor Maricic
- Inovio Pharmaceuticals, Plymouth Meeting, PA 19462, USA
| | - Faraz I. Zaidi
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Kevin Y. Kim
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Yaya Dia
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Drew Frase
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - John Ervin
- Alliance for Multispecialty Research, Kansas City, MO 64114-4866
| | | | | | | | - Jessica Lee
- Inovio Pharmaceuticals, Plymouth Meeting, PA 19462, USA
| | | | | | | | - J.Joseph Kim
- Inovio Pharmaceuticals, Plymouth Meeting, PA 19462, USA
| | - David B. Weiner
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | | | - Laurent M. Humeau
- Inovio Pharmaceuticals, Plymouth Meeting, PA 19462, USA
- Corresponding author.
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7
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Walker SN, Chokkalingam N, Reuschel EL, Purwar M, Xu Z, Gary EN, Kim KY, Helble M, Schultheis K, Walters J, Ramos S, Muthumani K, Smith TRF, Broderick KE, Tebas P, Patel A, Weiner DB, Kulp DW. SARS-CoV-2 Assays To Detect Functional Antibody Responses That Block ACE2 Recognition in Vaccinated Animals and Infected Patients. J Clin Microbiol 2020; 58:e01533-20. [PMID: 32855181 PMCID: PMC7587116 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.01533-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has caused a global pandemic of COVID-19, resulting in cases of mild to severe respiratory distress and significant mortality. The global outbreak of this novel coronavirus has now infected >20 million people worldwide, with >5 million cases in the United States (11 August 2020). The development of diagnostic and research tools to determine infection and vaccine efficacy is critically needed. We have developed multiple serologic assays using newly designed SARS-CoV-2 reagents for detecting the presence of receptor-binding antibodies in sera. The first assay is surface plasmon resonance (SPR) based and can quantitate both antibody binding to the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and blocking to the Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor in a single experiment. The second assay is enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) based and can measure competition and blocking of the ACE2 receptor to the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein with antispike antibodies. The assay is highly versatile, and we demonstrate the broad utility of the assay by measuring antibody functionality of sera from small animals and nonhuman primates immunized with an experimental SARS-CoV-2 vaccine. In addition, we employ the assay to measure receptor blocking of sera from SARS-CoV-2-infected patients. The assay is shown to correlate with pseudovirus neutralization titers. This type of rapid, surrogate neutralization diagnostic can be employed widely to help study SARS-CoV-2 infection and assess the efficacy of vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne N Walker
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Neethu Chokkalingam
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Emma L Reuschel
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Mansi Purwar
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ziyang Xu
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ebony N Gary
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Kevin Y Kim
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Michaela Helble
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - Jewell Walters
- Inovio Pharmaceuticals, Plymouth Meeting, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - Kar Muthumani
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | | | - Pablo Tebas
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ami Patel
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - David B Weiner
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Daniel W Kulp
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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8
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Smith TRF, Patel A, Ramos S, Elwood D, Zhu X, Yan J, Gary EN, Walker SN, Schultheis K, Purwar M, Xu Z, Walters J, Bhojnagarwala P, Yang M, Chokkalingam N, Pezzoli P, Parzych E, Reuschel EL, Doan A, Tursi N, Vasquez M, Choi J, Tello-Ruiz E, Maricic I, Bah MA, Wu Y, Amante D, Park DH, Dia Y, Ali AR, Zaidi FI, Generotti A, Kim KY, Herring TA, Reeder S, Andrade VM, Buttigieg K, Zhao G, Wu JM, Li D, Bao L, Liu J, Deng W, Qin C, Brown AS, Khoshnejad M, Wang N, Chu J, Wrapp D, McLellan JS, Muthumani K, Wang B, Carroll MW, Kim JJ, Boyer J, Kulp DW, Humeau LMPF, Weiner DB, Broderick KE. Immunogenicity of a DNA vaccine candidate for COVID-19. Nat Commun 2020; 11:2601. [PMID: 32433465 PMCID: PMC7239918 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-16505-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 412] [Impact Index Per Article: 103.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus family member, SARS-CoV-2 has been identified as the causal agent for the pandemic viral pneumonia disease, COVID-19. At this time, no vaccine is available to control further dissemination of the disease. We have previously engineered a synthetic DNA vaccine targeting the MERS coronavirus Spike (S) protein, the major surface antigen of coronaviruses, which is currently in clinical study. Here we build on this prior experience to generate a synthetic DNA-based vaccine candidate targeting SARS-CoV-2 S protein. The engineered construct, INO-4800, results in robust expression of the S protein in vitro. Following immunization of mice and guinea pigs with INO-4800 we measure antigen-specific T cell responses, functional antibodies which neutralize the SARS-CoV-2 infection and block Spike protein binding to the ACE2 receptor, and biodistribution of SARS-CoV-2 targeting antibodies to the lungs. This preliminary dataset identifies INO-4800 as a potential COVID-19 vaccine candidate, supporting further translational study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trevor R. F. Smith
- 0000 0004 0417 098Xgrid.421774.3Inovio Pharmaceuticals, Plymouth Meeting, Philadelphia, PA 19462 USA
| | - Ami Patel
- 0000 0001 1956 6678grid.251075.4Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Stephanie Ramos
- 0000 0004 0417 098Xgrid.421774.3Inovio Pharmaceuticals, Plymouth Meeting, Philadelphia, PA 19462 USA
| | - Dustin Elwood
- 0000 0004 0417 098Xgrid.421774.3Inovio Pharmaceuticals, Plymouth Meeting, Philadelphia, PA 19462 USA
| | - Xizhou Zhu
- 0000 0001 1956 6678grid.251075.4Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Jian Yan
- 0000 0004 0417 098Xgrid.421774.3Inovio Pharmaceuticals, Plymouth Meeting, Philadelphia, PA 19462 USA
| | - Ebony N. Gary
- 0000 0001 1956 6678grid.251075.4Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Susanne N. Walker
- 0000 0001 1956 6678grid.251075.4Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Katherine Schultheis
- 0000 0004 0417 098Xgrid.421774.3Inovio Pharmaceuticals, Plymouth Meeting, Philadelphia, PA 19462 USA
| | - Mansi Purwar
- 0000 0001 1956 6678grid.251075.4Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Ziyang Xu
- 0000 0001 1956 6678grid.251075.4Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Jewell Walters
- 0000 0004 0417 098Xgrid.421774.3Inovio Pharmaceuticals, Plymouth Meeting, Philadelphia, PA 19462 USA
| | - Pratik Bhojnagarwala
- 0000 0001 1956 6678grid.251075.4Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Maria Yang
- 0000 0004 0417 098Xgrid.421774.3Inovio Pharmaceuticals, Plymouth Meeting, Philadelphia, PA 19462 USA
| | - Neethu Chokkalingam
- 0000 0001 1956 6678grid.251075.4Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Patrick Pezzoli
- 0000 0004 0417 098Xgrid.421774.3Inovio Pharmaceuticals, Plymouth Meeting, Philadelphia, PA 19462 USA
| | - Elizabeth Parzych
- 0000 0001 1956 6678grid.251075.4Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Emma L. Reuschel
- 0000 0001 1956 6678grid.251075.4Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Arthur Doan
- 0000 0004 0417 098Xgrid.421774.3Inovio Pharmaceuticals, Plymouth Meeting, Philadelphia, PA 19462 USA
| | - Nicholas Tursi
- 0000 0001 1956 6678grid.251075.4Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Miguel Vasquez
- 0000 0004 0417 098Xgrid.421774.3Inovio Pharmaceuticals, Plymouth Meeting, Philadelphia, PA 19462 USA
| | - Jihae Choi
- 0000 0001 1956 6678grid.251075.4Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Edgar Tello-Ruiz
- 0000 0001 1956 6678grid.251075.4Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Igor Maricic
- 0000 0004 0417 098Xgrid.421774.3Inovio Pharmaceuticals, Plymouth Meeting, Philadelphia, PA 19462 USA
| | - Mamadou A. Bah
- 0000 0001 1956 6678grid.251075.4Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Yuanhan Wu
- 0000 0001 1956 6678grid.251075.4Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Dinah Amante
- 0000 0004 0417 098Xgrid.421774.3Inovio Pharmaceuticals, Plymouth Meeting, Philadelphia, PA 19462 USA
| | - Daniel H. Park
- 0000 0001 1956 6678grid.251075.4Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Yaya Dia
- 0000 0001 1956 6678grid.251075.4Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Ali Raza Ali
- 0000 0001 1956 6678grid.251075.4Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Faraz I. Zaidi
- 0000 0001 1956 6678grid.251075.4Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Alison Generotti
- 0000 0004 0417 098Xgrid.421774.3Inovio Pharmaceuticals, Plymouth Meeting, Philadelphia, PA 19462 USA
| | - Kevin Y. Kim
- 0000 0001 1956 6678grid.251075.4Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Timothy A. Herring
- 0000 0004 0417 098Xgrid.421774.3Inovio Pharmaceuticals, Plymouth Meeting, Philadelphia, PA 19462 USA
| | - Sophia Reeder
- 0000 0001 1956 6678grid.251075.4Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Viviane M. Andrade
- 0000 0004 0417 098Xgrid.421774.3Inovio Pharmaceuticals, Plymouth Meeting, Philadelphia, PA 19462 USA
| | - Karen Buttigieg
- 0000 0004 5909 016Xgrid.271308.fNational Infection Service, Public Health England, Porton Down, Wiltshire, UK
| | - Gan Zhao
- Advaccine (Suzhou) Biopharmaceuticals Co., Ltd, Suzhou, China
| | - Jiun-Ming Wu
- Advaccine (Suzhou) Biopharmaceuticals Co., Ltd, Suzhou, China
| | - Dan Li
- 0000 0001 0125 2443grid.8547.eKey Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of MOH and MOE and Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Linlin Bao
- 0000 0001 0125 2443grid.8547.eKey Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of MOH and MOE and Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiangning Liu
- 0000 0001 0125 2443grid.8547.eKey Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of MOH and MOE and Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Deng
- 0000 0001 0125 2443grid.8547.eKey Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of MOH and MOE and Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chuan Qin
- 0000 0001 0125 2443grid.8547.eKey Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of MOH and MOE and Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ami Shah Brown
- 0000 0004 0417 098Xgrid.421774.3Inovio Pharmaceuticals, Plymouth Meeting, Philadelphia, PA 19462 USA
| | - Makan Khoshnejad
- 0000 0001 1956 6678grid.251075.4Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Nianshuang Wang
- 0000 0004 1936 9924grid.89336.37Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712 USA
| | - Jacqueline Chu
- 0000 0001 1956 6678grid.251075.4Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Daniel Wrapp
- 0000 0004 1936 9924grid.89336.37Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712 USA
| | - Jason S. McLellan
- 0000 0004 1936 9924grid.89336.37Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712 USA
| | - Kar Muthumani
- 0000 0001 1956 6678grid.251075.4Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Bin Wang
- 0000 0001 0125 2443grid.8547.eKey Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of MOH and MOE and Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Miles W. Carroll
- 0000 0004 5909 016Xgrid.271308.fNational Infection Service, Public Health England, Porton Down, Wiltshire, UK
| | - J. Joseph Kim
- 0000 0004 0417 098Xgrid.421774.3Inovio Pharmaceuticals, Plymouth Meeting, Philadelphia, PA 19462 USA
| | - Jean Boyer
- 0000 0004 0417 098Xgrid.421774.3Inovio Pharmaceuticals, Plymouth Meeting, Philadelphia, PA 19462 USA
| | - Daniel W. Kulp
- 0000 0001 1956 6678grid.251075.4Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Laurent M. P. F. Humeau
- 0000 0004 0417 098Xgrid.421774.3Inovio Pharmaceuticals, Plymouth Meeting, Philadelphia, PA 19462 USA
| | - David B. Weiner
- 0000 0001 1956 6678grid.251075.4Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Kate E. Broderick
- 0000 0004 0417 098Xgrid.421774.3Inovio Pharmaceuticals, Plymouth Meeting, Philadelphia, PA 19462 USA
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9
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Reeder SM, Reuschel EL, Bah MA, Yun K, Tursi NJ, Kim KY, Chu J, Zaidi FI, Yilmaz I, Hart RJ, Perrin B, Xu Z, Humeau L, Weiner DB, Aly ASI. Synthetic DNA Vaccines Adjuvanted with pIL-33 Drive Liver-Localized T Cells and Provide Protection from Plasmodium Challenge in a Mouse Model. Vaccines (Basel) 2020; 8:vaccines8010021. [PMID: 31936739 PMCID: PMC7157753 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines8010021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Revised: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The need for a malaria vaccine is indisputable. A single vaccine for Plasmodium pre-erythrocytic stages targeting the major sporozoite antigen circumsporozoite protein (CSP) has had partial success. Additionally, CD8+ T cells targeting liver-stage (LS) antigens induced by live attenuated sporozoite vaccines were associated with protection in human challenge experiments. To further evaluate protection mediated by LS antigens, we focused on exported pre-erythrocytic proteins (exported protein 1 (EXP1), profilin (PFN), exported protein 2 (EXP2), inhibitor of cysteine proteases (ICP), transmembrane protein 21 (TMP21), and upregulated in infective sporozoites-3 (UIS3)) expressed in all Plasmodium species and designed optimized, synthetic DNA (synDNA) immunogens. SynDNA antigen cocktails were tested with and without the molecular adjuvant plasmid IL-33. Immunized animals developed robust T cell responses including induction of antigen-specific liver-localized CD8+ T cells, which were enhanced by the co-delivery of plasmid IL-33. In total, 100% of mice in adjuvanted groups and 71%–88% in non-adjuvanted groups were protected from blood-stage disease following Plasmodium yoelii sporozoite challenge. This study supports the potential of synDNA LS antigens as vaccine components for malaria parasite infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia M. Reeder
- The Vaccine Center, Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Emma L. Reuschel
- The Vaccine Center, Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Mamadou A. Bah
- The Vaccine Center, Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Kun Yun
- The Vaccine Center, Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | | | - Kevin Y. Kim
- The Vaccine Center, Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jacqueline Chu
- The Vaccine Center, Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Faraz I. Zaidi
- The Vaccine Center, Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Ilknur Yilmaz
- Beykoz Institute of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Bezmialem Vakif University, Istanbul 34820, Turkey
| | - Robert J. Hart
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Benjamin Perrin
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Ziyang Xu
- The Vaccine Center, Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Laurent Humeau
- Inovio Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Plymouth Meeting, PA 19462, USA
| | - David B. Weiner
- The Vaccine Center, Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Correspondence: (D.B.W.); (A.S.I.A.)
| | - Ahmed S. I. Aly
- Beykoz Institute of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Bezmialem Vakif University, Istanbul 34820, Turkey
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
- Correspondence: (D.B.W.); (A.S.I.A.)
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10
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Choi H, Kudchodkar SB, Reuschel EL, Asija K, Borole P, Agarwal S, Van Gorder L, Reed CC, Gulendran G, Ramos S, Broderick KE, Kim JJ, Ugen KE, Kobinger G, Siegel DL, Weiner DB, Muthumani K. Synthetic nucleic acid antibody prophylaxis confers rapid and durable protective immunity against Zika virus challenge. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2019; 16:907-918. [PMID: 31799896 PMCID: PMC7227701 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2019.1688038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Significant concerns have arisen over the past 3 y from the increased global spread of the mosquito-borne flavivirus, Zika. Accompanying this spread has been an increase in cases of the devastating birth defect microcephaly as well as of Guillain-Barré syndrome in adults in many affected countries. Currently there is no vaccine or therapy for this infection; however, we sought to develop a combination approach that provides more rapid and durable protection than traditional vaccination alone. A novel immune-based prophylaxis/therapy strategy entailing the facilitated delivery of a synthetic DNA consensus prME vaccine along with DNA-encoded anti-ZIKV envelope monoclonal antibodies (dMAb) were developed and evaluated for antiviral efficacy. This immediate and persistent protection strategy confers the ability to overcome shortcomings inherent with conventional active vaccination or passive immunotherapy. A collection of novel dMAbs were developed which were potent against ZIKV and could be expressed in serum within 24-48 h of in vivo administration. The DNA vaccine, from a previous development, was potent after adaptive immunity was developed, protecting against infection, brain and testes pathology in relevant mouse challenge models and in an NHP challenge. Delivery of potent dMAbs protected mice from the same murine viral challenge within days of delivery. Combined injection of dMAb and the DNA vaccine afforded rapid and long-lived protection in this challenge model, providing an important demonstration of the advantage of this synergistic approach to pandemic outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeree Choi
- Vaccine & Immunotherapy Center, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Emma L. Reuschel
- Vaccine & Immunotherapy Center, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kanika Asija
- Vaccine & Immunotherapy Center, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Piyush Borole
- Vaccine & Immunotherapy Center, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sangya Agarwal
- Vaccine & Immunotherapy Center, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Lucas Van Gorder
- Vaccine & Immunotherapy Center, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Gayathri Gulendran
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, PA, USA
| | | | | | - J Joseph Kim
- R&D, Inovio Pharmaceuticals, Plymouth Meeting, PA, USA
| | - Kenneth E. Ugen
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA
| | | | - Don L. Siegel
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, PA, USA
| | - David B. Weiner
- Vaccine & Immunotherapy Center, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kar Muthumani
- Vaccine & Immunotherapy Center, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA,CONTACT Kar Muthumani Vaccine & Immunotherapy Center, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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11
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Modjarrad K, Roberts CC, Mills KT, Castellano AR, Paolino K, Muthumani K, Reuschel EL, Robb ML, Racine T, Oh MD, Lamarre C, Zaidi FI, Boyer J, Kudchodkar SB, Jeong M, Darden JM, Park YK, Scott PT, Remigio C, Parikh AP, Wise MC, Patel A, Duperret EK, Kim KY, Choi H, White S, Bagarazzi M, May JM, Kane D, Lee H, Kobinger G, Michael NL, Weiner DB, Thomas SJ, Maslow JN. Safety and immunogenicity of an anti-Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus DNA vaccine: a phase 1, open-label, single-arm, dose-escalation trial. Lancet Infect Dis 2019; 19:1013-1022. [PMID: 31351922 PMCID: PMC7185789 DOI: 10.1016/s1473-3099(19)30266-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 189] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Revised: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Background Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) coronavirus causes a highly fatal lower-respiratory tract infection. There are as yet no licensed MERS vaccines or therapeutics. This study (WRAIR-2274) assessed the safety, tolerability, and immunogenicity of the GLS-5300 MERS coronavirus DNA vaccine in healthy adults. Methods This study was a phase 1, open-label, single-arm, dose-escalation study of GLS-5300 done at the Walter Reed Army Institute for Research Clinical Trials Center (Silver Spring, MD, USA). We enrolled healthy adults aged 18–50 years; exclusion criteria included previous infection or treatment of MERS. Eligible participants were enrolled sequentially using a dose-escalation protocol to receive 0·67 mg, 2 mg, or 6 mg GLS-5300 administered by trained clinical site staff via a single intramuscular 1 mL injection at each vaccination at baseline, week 4, and week 12 followed immediately by co-localised intramuscular electroporation. Enrolment into the higher dose groups occurred after a safety monitoring committee reviewed the data following vaccination of the first five participants at the previous lower dose in each group. The primary outcome of the study was safety, assessed in all participants who received at least one study treatment and for whom post-dose study data were available, during the vaccination period with follow-up through to 48 weeks after dose 3. Safety was measured by the incidence of adverse events; administration site reactions and pain; and changes in safety laboratory parameters. The secondary outcome was immunogenicity. This trial is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (number NCT02670187) and is completed. Findings Between Feb 17 and July 22, 2016, we enrolled 75 individuals and allocated 25 each to 0·67 mg, 2 mg, or 6 mg GLS-5300. No vaccine-associated serious adverse events were reported. The most common adverse events were injection-site reactions, reported in 70 participants (93%) of 75. Overall, 73 participants (97%) of 75 reported at least one solicited adverse event; the most common systemic symptoms were headache (five [20%] with 0·67 mg, 11 [44%] with 2 mg, and seven [28%] with 6 mg), and malaise or fatigue (five [20%] with 0·67 mg, seven [28%] with 2 mg, and two [8%] with 6 mg). The most common local solicited symptoms were administration site pain (23 [92%] with all three doses) and tenderness (21 [84%] with all three doses). Most solicited symptoms were reported as mild (19 [76%] with 0·67 mg, 20 [80%] with 2 mg, and 17 [68%] with 6 mg) and were self-limiting. Unsolicited symptoms were reported for 56 participants (75%) of 75 and were deemed treatment-related for 26 (35%). The most common unsolicited adverse events were infections, occurring in 27 participants (36%); six (8%) were deemed possibly related to study treatment. There were no laboratory abnormalities of grade 3 or higher that were related to study treatment; laboratory abnormalities were uncommon, except for 15 increases in creatine phosphokinase in 14 participants (three participants in the 0·67 mg group, three in the 2 mg group, and seven in the 6 mg group). Of these 15 increases, five (33%) were deemed possibly related to study treatment (one in the 2 mg group and four in the 6 mg group). Seroconversion measured by S1-ELISA occurred in 59 (86%) of 69 participants and 61 (94%) of 65 participants after two and three vaccinations, respectively. Neutralising antibodies were detected in 34 (50%) of 68 participants. T-cell responses were detected in 47 (71%) of 66 participants after two vaccinations and in 44 (76%) of 58 participants after three vaccinations. There were no differences in immune responses between dose groups after 6 weeks. At week 60, vaccine-induced humoral and cellular responses were detected in 51 (77%) of 66 participants and 42 (64%) of 66, respectively. Interpretation The GLS-5300 MERS coronavirus vaccine was well tolerated with no vaccine-associated serious adverse events. Immune responses were dose-independent, detected in more than 85% of participants after two vaccinations, and durable through 1 year of follow-up. The data support further development of the GLS-5300 vaccine, including additional studies to test the efficacy of GLS-5300 in a region endemic for MERS coronavirus. Funding US Department of the Army and GeneOne Life Science.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Amy R Castellano
- Henry M Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | | | | | - Merlin L Robb
- Henry M Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Myoung-Don Oh
- Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | | | | | - Jean Boyer
- Inovio Pharmaceuticals, Plymouth Meeting, PA, USA
| | | | | | - Janice M Darden
- Henry M Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Paul T Scott
- Walter Reed Army Institute for Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | | | - Ajay P Parikh
- Henry M Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Megan C Wise
- Inovio Pharmaceuticals, Plymouth Meeting, PA, USA
| | - Ami Patel
- Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Scott White
- Inovio Pharmaceuticals, Plymouth Meeting, PA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Hyojin Lee
- GeneOne Life Science, Seoul, South Korea
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12
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Patel A, Reuschel EL, Kraynyak KA, Racine T, Park DH, Scott VL, Audet J, Amante D, Wise MC, Keaton AA, Wong G, Villarreal DO, Walters J, Muthumani K, Shedlock DJ, de La Vega MA, Plyler R, Boyer J, Broderick KE, Yan J, Khan AS, Jones S, Bello A, Soule G, Tran KN, He S, Tierney K, Qiu X, Kobinger GP, Sardesai NY, Weiner DB. Protective Efficacy and Long-Term Immunogenicity in Cynomolgus Macaques by Ebola Virus Glycoprotein Synthetic DNA Vaccines. J Infect Dis 2018; 219:544-555. [DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiy537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
There remains an important need for prophylactic anti-Ebola virus vaccine candidates that elicit long-lasting immune responses and can be delivered to vulnerable populations that are unable to receive live-attenuated or viral vector vaccines.
Methods
We designed novel synthetic anti-Ebola virus glycoprotein (EBOV-GP) DNA vaccines as a strategy to expand protective breadth against diverse EBOV strains and evaluated the impact of vaccine dosing and route of administration on protection against lethal EBOV-Makona challenge in cynomolgus macaques. Long-term immunogenicity was monitored in nonhuman primates for >1 year, followed by a 12-month boost.
Results
Multiple-injection regimens of the EBOV-GP DNA vaccine, delivered by intramuscular administration followed by electroporation, were 100% protective against lethal EBOV-Makona challenge. Impressively, 2 injections of a simple, more tolerable, and dose-sparing intradermal administration followed by electroporation generated strong immunogenicity and was 100% protective against lethal challenge. In parallel, we observed that EBOV-GP DNA vaccination induced long-term immune responses in macaques that were detectable for at least 1 year after final vaccination and generated a strong recall response after the final boost.
Conclusions
These data support that this simple intradermal-administered, serology-independent approach is likely important for additional study towards the goal of induction of anti-EBOV immunity in multiple at-risk populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ami Patel
- The Wistar Institute of Anatomy and Biology, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Emma L Reuschel
- The Wistar Institute of Anatomy and Biology, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | | | - Trina Racine
- Special Pathogens Program, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Daniel H Park
- The Wistar Institute of Anatomy and Biology, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Veronica L Scott
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, William Carey University, Hattiesburg, Mississippi
| | - Jonathan Audet
- Special Pathogens Program, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Dinah Amante
- Inovio Pharmaceuticals Inc., Plymouth Meeting, Pennsylvania
| | - Megan C Wise
- Inovio Pharmaceuticals Inc., Plymouth Meeting, Pennsylvania
| | - Amelia A Keaton
- The Wistar Institute of Anatomy and Biology, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Gary Wong
- Special Pathogens Program, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | | | - Jewell Walters
- Inovio Pharmaceuticals Inc., Plymouth Meeting, Pennsylvania
| | - Kar Muthumani
- The Wistar Institute of Anatomy and Biology, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | | | - Marc-Antoine de La Vega
- Special Pathogens Program, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | | | - Jean Boyer
- Inovio Pharmaceuticals Inc., Plymouth Meeting, Pennsylvania
| | | | - Jian Yan
- Inovio Pharmaceuticals Inc., Plymouth Meeting, Pennsylvania
| | - Amir S Khan
- Inovio Pharmaceuticals Inc., Plymouth Meeting, Pennsylvania
| | - Shane Jones
- Special Pathogens Program, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Alexander Bello
- Special Pathogens Program, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Geoff Soule
- Special Pathogens Program, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Kaylie N Tran
- Special Pathogens Program, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Shihua He
- Special Pathogens Program, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Kevin Tierney
- Special Pathogens Program, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Xiangguo Qiu
- Special Pathogens Program, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Gary P Kobinger
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
- Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | | | - David B Weiner
- The Wistar Institute of Anatomy and Biology, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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13
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Patel A, Reuschel EL, Kraynyak KA, Park DH, Racine T, Yan J, Khan A, Morrow MP, Muthumani K, Shedlock DJ, Broderick KE, Audet J, Jones S, Bello A, Soule G, Tran KN, Tierney K, Qiu X, Kobinger GP, Humeau L, Sardesai N, Weiner D. Protection and durable humoral and cellular immune responses in cynomolgus macaques following administration of a Zaire Ebola virus (EBOV) GP DNA vaccine delivered by intramuscular or intradermal electroporation. The Journal of Immunology 2017. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.198.supp.225.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
The 2013–2016 Ebola virus disease (EVD) was the first time that the spread of the virus reached epidemic status. There are no licensed vaccines; however the most advanced candidate rVSV-ZEBOV vaccine, is a live-attenuated vesicular stomatitis virus encoding the Ebola virus glycoprotein (GP), and has demonstrated efficacy in a ring-vaccination trial. However, several EVD viral vector vaccine trials have reported adverse events that could limit administration to certain populations. The establishment of robust anamnestic responses has yet to be fully understood with these candidates and may be limited by potential anti-vector immunity. We designed EVD DNA vaccines as an alternative platform with a remarkable safety profile that is serology independent, allowing for possible repeat vector administration. We designed 3 novel synthetic Zaire Ebola virus (EBOV) GP DNA sequences which were tested alone or as multivalent formulations delivered by in vivo intramuscular (IM) or intradermal (ID) electroporation (EP). The EBOV-GP DNA vaccines were highly protective against lethal EBOV-Makona challenge in cynomolgus macaques, with 100% protection in NHPs receiving vaccine by ID-EP delivery and 75% protection in NHPs receiving 2 doses IM-EP. Vaccinated NHPs had no detectable viremia following challenge. Animals (n=4–5/group) injected with different IM-EP or ID-EP DNA regimens were followed to monitor long-term immunogenicity. NHPs have durable total IgG antibody titers and T cells responses to EBOV GP antigen, including polyfunctional CD4 and CD8 T cells and responses in memory subset populations. Together, the data strong support EBOV-GP DNA vaccine delivery for protection and the generation of robust memory immune responses.
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Ferraro B, Walters JN, Reuschel EL, Balakrishnan A, Morrow MP, Khan AS, Sardesai NY, Humeau LM, Weiner DB. Abstract LB-253: Control of tumor growth in vivo by a synthetic multi-antigen DNA immune therapy for prostate cancer. Cancer Res 2016. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2016-lb-253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the leading causes of cancer deaths among men with limited treatment options. Accordingly, new approaches, such as immunotherapy, may represent important approaches for PCa treatment. Electroporation (EP) delivered DNA vaccines has recently shown promising results for therapeutic immunotherapy strategies has been limited to single antigen and epitope targets with limited success. We hypothesized that a broader collection of antigens adjuvanted by plasmid encoded IL-12 would bypass immune tolerance and improve the breadth and effectiveness of a PCa immunotherapy approach. We tested this hypothesis in NHP for immune tolerance effects as well as in the highly relevant TRAMP-C2 challenge model. We developed highly optimized DNA vectors encoding consensus antigens for important PCa targets prostate-specific antigen (SynCon PSA), prostate-specific membrane antigen (SynCon PSMA), and human six-transmembrane epithelial antigen of the prostate (STEAP). In mice the vaccines demonstrated potent IFNγ production by ELISpot (2740 SFU) and robust immune responses in the CD4+ (0.53%) and CD8+ (3.0%) T cell compartments. Further, sera from immunized mice reacted in ELISA with relevant targets and specifically stained LNCaP cells, a human PCa cell line, as well as human PCa tumor sections, supporting that the vaccine antigens induced relevant antibody responses. Vaccination of Rhesus Macaques, which share greater than 98% identity with humans, showed robust anti-PSA, PSMA and STEAP IFNγ production (612 SFU), potential for cytotoxic T cell function, and antigen specific seroconversion supporting the ability of these constructs to break tolerance. The therapeutic potential of PSMA, STEAP, and the combination of PSMA and STEAP, alone or with the molecular adjuvant IL-12, was evaluated in mice in the TRAMP-C2 tumor model. Alone, PSMA, STEAP or PSMA+STEAP demonstrated prolonged survival and a modest impact on tumor growth. However, the combination of synthetic vaccine antigens with IL-12 resulted in 100% efficacy in treatment and clearance of tumors resulting in 100% survival. These data support further study of this novel immune therapy of PCa.
Citation Format: Bernadette Ferraro, Jewell N. Walters, Emma L. Reuschel, Amritha Balakrishnan, Matthew P. Morrow, Amir S. Khan, Niranjan Y. Sardesai, Laurent M. Humeau, David B. Weiner. Control of tumor growth in vivo by a synthetic multi-antigen DNA immune therapy for prostate cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-253.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Emma L. Reuschel
- 2University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - David B. Weiner
- 2University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
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15
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Muthumani K, Falzarano D, Reuschel EL, Tingey C, Flingai S, Villarreal DO, Wise M, Patel A, Izmirly A, Aljuaid A, Seliga AM, Soule G, Morrow M, Kraynyak KA, Khan AS, Scott DP, Feldmann F, LaCasse R, Meade-White K, Okumura A, Ugen KE, Sardesai NY, Kim JJ, Kobinger G, Feldmann H, Weiner DB. A synthetic consensus anti-spike protein DNA vaccine induces protective immunity against Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus in nonhuman primates. Sci Transl Med 2016; 7:301ra132. [PMID: 26290414 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aac7462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 188] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
First identified in 2012, Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) is caused by an emerging human coronavirus, which is distinct from the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV), and represents a novel member of the lineage C betacoronoviruses. Since its identification, MERS coronavirus (MERS-CoV) has been linked to more than 1372 infections manifesting with severe morbidity and, often, mortality (about 495 deaths) in the Arabian Peninsula, Europe, and, most recently, the United States. Human-to-human transmission has been documented, with nosocomial transmission appearing to be an important route of infection. The recent increase in cases of MERS in the Middle East coupled with the lack of approved antiviral therapies or vaccines to treat or prevent this infection are causes for concern. We report on the development of a synthetic DNA vaccine against MERS-CoV. An optimized DNA vaccine encoding the MERS spike protein induced potent cellular immunity and antigen-specific neutralizing antibodies in mice, macaques, and camels. Vaccinated rhesus macaques seroconverted rapidly and exhibited high levels of virus-neutralizing activity. Upon MERS viral challenge, all of the monkeys in the control-vaccinated group developed characteristic disease, including pneumonia. Vaccinated macaques were protected and failed to demonstrate any clinical or radiographic signs of pneumonia. These studies demonstrate that a consensus MERS spike protein synthetic DNA vaccine can induce protective responses against viral challenge, indicating that this strategy may have value as a possible vaccine modality against this emerging pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karuppiah Muthumani
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, PA 19104, USA
| | - Darryl Falzarano
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Hamilton, MT 59840, USA
| | - Emma L Reuschel
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, PA 19104, USA
| | - Colleen Tingey
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, PA 19104, USA
| | - Seleeke Flingai
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, PA 19104, USA
| | - Daniel O Villarreal
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, PA 19104, USA
| | - Megan Wise
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, PA 19104, USA
| | - Ami Patel
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, PA 19104, USA
| | - Abdullah Izmirly
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, PA 19104, USA
| | - Abdulelah Aljuaid
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, PA 19104, USA
| | - Alecia M Seliga
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, PA 19104, USA
| | - Geoff Soule
- Special Pathogens Program, University of Manitoba and Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 3R2, Canada
| | - Matthew Morrow
- Inovio Pharmaceuticals Inc., Plymouth Meeting, PA 19462, USA
| | | | - Amir S Khan
- Inovio Pharmaceuticals Inc., Plymouth Meeting, PA 19462, USA
| | - Dana P Scott
- Rocky Mountain Veterinary Branch, Division of Intramural Research, NIAID, NIH, Hamilton, MT 59840, USA
| | - Friederike Feldmann
- Rocky Mountain Veterinary Branch, Division of Intramural Research, NIAID, NIH, Hamilton, MT 59840, USA
| | - Rachel LaCasse
- Rocky Mountain Veterinary Branch, Division of Intramural Research, NIAID, NIH, Hamilton, MT 59840, USA
| | - Kimberly Meade-White
- Rocky Mountain Veterinary Branch, Division of Intramural Research, NIAID, NIH, Hamilton, MT 59840, USA
| | - Atsushi Okumura
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Kenneth E Ugen
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | | | - J Joseph Kim
- Inovio Pharmaceuticals Inc., Plymouth Meeting, PA 19462, USA
| | - Gary Kobinger
- Special Pathogens Program, University of Manitoba and Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 3R2, Canada
| | - Heinz Feldmann
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Hamilton, MT 59840, USA
| | - David B Weiner
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, PA 19104, USA.
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16
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Patel A, Racine T, Reuschel EL, Karuppiah M, Shedlock D, Yan J, Khan A, Tierney K, Qiu X, Kobinger GP, Sardesai N, Weiner DB. Unprecedented short-term in vivo protection in mice with a single immunization of a DNA GP vaccine against heterologous mouse-adapted Ebola virus challenge. The Journal of Immunology 2016. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.196.supp.76.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
The recent Ebola outbreak in West Africa is a reminder that correlates of protection against filovirus infection are still not well understood. DNA vectors are a serology-independent platform that allow for vector re-administration with minimal side-effects. We designed a new micro-consensus DNA vaccine that expresses a Zaire Ebolavirus (EBOV) glycoprotein (GP) based on 2002–2008 EBOV outbreak strains. This novel glycoprotein is 3% distant from the GP expressed by the 1976 EBOV Mayinga outbreak strain. The optimized GP DNA vaccine was administered in mice by intramuscular injection followed by electroporation (IM-EP) and elicited strong total IgG antibody and T cell responses. To assess protection from challenge, we administered the GP DNA vaccine or pVax1 control (40ug) to BALB/c mice (n=10/group) by IM-EP at days 0, -7, -14, or -28 before lethal challenge (1000LD50) with a mouse-adapted EBOV Mayinga strain. Importantly we observed 100% protection against the lethal heterologous challenge when the DNA vaccine was administered 28 days before challenge illustrating the potency of this vaccine in this model. More importantly, we observed 100% protection and 90% protection when the DNA vaccine was administered at days -14 and day -7, respectively. Most surprising was the observation of 40% survival in the group that received vaccine at Day 0 (2–3 hours) before challenge. Rapid, short-term protection has been previously observed with a VSV-ZEBOVGP viral vector vaccine but never before with a DNA vaccine. The data suggests that protection in mice following administration of a heterologous DNA vaccine can be afforded by mechanisms independent solely of antibody titers. Ongoing studies are underway in NHPs to investigate these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ami Patel
- 1Perelman Sch. of Med., Univ. of Pennsylvania
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Gary P Kobinger
- 4Public Hlth. Agency of Canada
- 5Univ. of Pennsylvania
- 6Univ. of Manitoba, Canada
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Patel A, Reuschel EL, Kraynyak KA, Racine T, Park DH, Keaton AA, Karuppiah M, Shedlock D, Yan J, Khan A, Tierney K, Sardesai N, Kobinger GP, Weiner DB. 479. An Optimized DNA Vaccine Formulation Protects Against Lethal Ebola Makona Virus Challenge in Non-Human Primates and Elicits Robust Immune Responses. Mol Ther 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/s1525-0016(16)33288-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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18
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Reuschel EL, Muthumani K, Kraynyak K, Tingey C, Kudchodkar SB, Khan AS, Sardesai NY, Kim JJ, Maslow J, Park YK, Kobinger G, Falzarano D, Feldman H, Weiner DB. 436. Developing a Synthetic DNA Vaccine for an Emerging Pathogen - Middle East Respiratory Syndrome. Mol Ther 2016. [PMCID: PMC7129814 DOI: 10.1016/s1525-0016(16)33245-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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Finkel TH, Li J, Wei Z, Wang W, Zhang H, Behrens EM, Reuschel EL, Limou S, Wise C, Punaro M, Becker ML, Munro JE, Flatø B, Førre Ø, Thompson SD, Langefeld CD, Glass DN, Glessner JT, Kim CE, Frackelton E, Shivers DK, Thomas KA, Chiavacci RM, Hou C, Xu K, Snyder J, Qiu H, Mentch F, Wang K, Winkler CA, Lie BA, Ellis JA, Hakonarson H. Variants in CXCR4 associate with juvenile idiopathic arthritis susceptibility. BMC Med Genet 2016; 17:24. [PMID: 27005825 PMCID: PMC4804485 DOI: 10.1186/s12881-016-0285-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2014] [Accepted: 03/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Background Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is the most common chronic rheumatic disease among children, the etiology of which involves a strong genetic component, but much of the underlying genetic determinants still remain unknown. Our aim was to identify novel genetic variants that predispose to JIA. Methods We performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) and replication in a total of 1166 JIA cases and 9500 unrelated controls of European ancestry. Correlation of SNP genotype and gene expression was investigated. Then we conducted targeted resequencing of a candidate locus, among a subset of 480 cases and 480 controls. SUM test was performed to evaluate the association of the identified rare functional variants. Results The CXCR4 locus on 2q22.1 was found to be significantly associated with JIA, peaking at SNP rs953387. However, this result is subjected to subpopulation stratification within the subjects of European ancestry. After adjusting for principal components, nominal significant association remained (p < 10−4). Because of its interesting known function in immune regulation, we carried out further analyses to assess its relationship with JIA. Expression of CXCR4 was correlated with CXCR4 rs953387 genotypes in lymphoblastoid cell lines (p = 0.014) and T-cells (p = 0.0054). In addition, rare non-synonymous and stop-gain sequence variants in CXCR4, putatively damaging for CXCR4 function, were significantly enriched in JIA cases (p = 0.015). Conclusion Our results suggest the association of CXCR4 variants with JIA, implicating that this gene may be involved in the pathogenesis of autoimmune disease. However, because this locus is subjected to population stratification within the subjects of European ancestry, additional replication is still necessary for this locus to be considered a true risk locus for JIA. This cell-surface chemokine receptor has already been targeted in other diseases and may serve as a tractable therapeutic target for a specific subset of pediatric arthritis patients with additional replication and functional validation of the locus. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12881-016-0285-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terri H Finkel
- Division of Rheumatology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 19104, Philadelphia, PA, USA. .,Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, 19104, Philadelphia, PA, USA. .,Present Address: Department of Pediatrics, Nemours Research Institute, Nemours Children's Hospital, 32827, Orlando, FL, USA.
| | - Jin Li
- The Center for Applied Genomics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 19104, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Zhi Wei
- Department of Computer Science, New Jersey Institute of Technology, 07102, New Jersey, NJ, USA
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Computer Science, New Jersey Institute of Technology, 07102, New Jersey, NJ, USA
| | - Haitao Zhang
- The Center for Applied Genomics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 19104, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Edward M Behrens
- Division of Rheumatology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 19104, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, 19104, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Emma L Reuschel
- Division of Rheumatology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 19104, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, 19104, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sophie Limou
- Basic Research Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Frederick National Laboratory, 21702, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Carol Wise
- Sarah M. and Charles E. Seay Center for Musculoskeletal Research, Texas Scottish Rite Hospital for Children, 75219, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Marilynn Punaro
- Division of Rheumatology, Texas Scottish Rite Hospital, 75219, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Mara L Becker
- Division of Rheumatology, Children's Mercy- Kansas City, 64108, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Jane E Munro
- Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, 3052, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Paediatric Rheumatology Unit, Royal Children's Hospital, 3052, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Berit Flatø
- Department of Rheumatology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Norway
| | - Øystein Førre
- Department of Rheumatology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Norway
| | - Susan D Thompson
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 45229, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Carl D Langefeld
- Center for Public Health Genomics and Department of Biostatistical Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, 27157, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - David N Glass
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 45229, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Joseph T Glessner
- The Center for Applied Genomics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 19104, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Cecilia E Kim
- The Center for Applied Genomics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 19104, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Edward Frackelton
- The Center for Applied Genomics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 19104, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Debra K Shivers
- Division of Rheumatology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 19104, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kelly A Thomas
- The Center for Applied Genomics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 19104, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Rosetta M Chiavacci
- The Center for Applied Genomics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 19104, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Cuiping Hou
- The Center for Applied Genomics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 19104, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kexiang Xu
- The Center for Applied Genomics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 19104, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - James Snyder
- The Center for Applied Genomics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 19104, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Haijun Qiu
- The Center for Applied Genomics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 19104, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Frank Mentch
- The Center for Applied Genomics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 19104, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kai Wang
- The Center for Applied Genomics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 19104, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, UUniversity of Southern California, 90089, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Cheryl A Winkler
- Basic Research Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Frederick National Laboratory, 21702, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Benedicte A Lie
- Institute of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, 0027, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Justine A Ellis
- Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, 3052, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, 3010, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Hakon Hakonarson
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, 19104, Philadelphia, PA, USA. .,The Center for Applied Genomics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 19104, Philadelphia, PA, USA. .,Division of Human Genetics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 19104, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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20
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Muthumani K, Block P, Flingai S, Muruganantham N, Chaaithanya IK, Tingey C, Wise M, Reuschel EL, Chung C, Muthumani A, Sarangan G, Srikanth P, Khan AS, Vijayachari P, Sardesai NY, Kim JJ, Ugen KE, Weiner DB. Rapid and Long-Term Immunity Elicited by DNA-Encoded Antibody Prophylaxis and DNA Vaccination Against Chikungunya Virus. J Infect Dis 2016; 214:369-78. [PMID: 27001960 PMCID: PMC4936642 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiw111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2015] [Accepted: 03/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. Vaccination and passive antibody therapies are critical for controlling infectious diseases. Passive antibody administration has limitations, including the necessity for purification and multiple injections for efficacy. Vaccination is associated with a lag phase before generation of immunity. Novel approaches reported here utilize the benefits of both methods for the rapid generation of effective immunity. Methods. A novel antibody-based prophylaxis/therapy entailing the electroporation-mediated delivery of synthetic DNA plasmids encoding biologically active anti–chikungunya virus (CHIKV) envelope monoclonal antibody (dMAb) was designed and evaluated for antiviral efficacy, as well as for the ability to overcome shortcomings inherent with conventional active vaccination and passive immunotherapy. Results. One intramuscular injection of dMAb produced antibodies in vivo more rapidly than active vaccination with an anti-CHIKV DNA vaccine. This dMAb neutralized diverse CHIKV clinical isolates and protected mice from viral challenge. Combination of dMAb and the CHIKV DNA vaccine afforded rapid and long-lived protection. Conclusions. A DNA-based dMAb strategy induced rapid protection against an emerging viral infection. This method can be combined with DNA vaccination as a novel strategy to provide both short- and long-term protection against this emerging infectious disease. These studies have implications for pathogen treatment and control strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karuppiah Muthumani
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Peter Block
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania
| | - Seleeke Flingai
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Nagarajan Muruganantham
- Regional Medical Research Centers, Indian Council of Medical Research, Port Blair, Andaman & Nicobar Islands
| | - Itta Krishna Chaaithanya
- Regional Medical Research Centers, Indian Council of Medical Research, Port Blair, Andaman & Nicobar Islands
| | - Colleen Tingey
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania
| | - Megan Wise
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Emma L Reuschel
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Christopher Chung
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Abirami Muthumani
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania
| | - Gopalsamy Sarangan
- Department of Microbiology, Sri Ramachandra Medical College & Research Institute, Chennai, India
| | - Padma Srikanth
- Department of Microbiology, Sri Ramachandra Medical College & Research Institute, Chennai, India
| | - Amir S Khan
- Inovio Pharmaceutics Inc., Plymouth Meeting, Pennsylvania
| | - Paluru Vijayachari
- Regional Medical Research Centers, Indian Council of Medical Research, Port Blair, Andaman & Nicobar Islands
| | | | - J Joseph Kim
- Inovio Pharmaceutics Inc., Plymouth Meeting, Pennsylvania
| | - Kenneth E Ugen
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa
| | - David B Weiner
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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Reuschel EL, Wang J, Shivers DK, Muthumani K, Weiner DB, Ma Z, Finkel TH. REDD1 Is Essential for Optimal T Cell Proliferation and Survival. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0136323. [PMID: 26301899 PMCID: PMC4547781 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0136323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2015] [Accepted: 08/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
REDD1 is a highly conserved stress response protein that is upregulated following many types of cellular stress, including hypoxia, DNA damage, energy stress, ER stress, and nutrient deprivation. Recently, REDD1 was shown to be involved in dexamethasone induced autophagy in murine thymocytes. However, we know little of REDD1’s function in mature T cells. Here we show for the first time that REDD1 is upregulated following T cell stimulation with PHA or CD3/CD28 beads. REDD1 knockout T cells exhibit a defect in proliferation and cell survival, although markers of activation appear normal. These findings demonstrate a previously unappreciated role for REDD1 in T cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma L. Reuschel
- Division of Rheumatology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - JiangFang Wang
- Division of Rheumatology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Debra K. Shivers
- Division of Rheumatology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Karuppiah Muthumani
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - David B. Weiner
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Zhengyu Ma
- Division of Rheumatology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Terri H. Finkel
- Division of Rheumatology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Ferraro B, Walters JN, Reuschel EL, Balakrishnan A, Morrow MP, Yan J, Khan AS, Sardesai NY, Humeau LM, Weiner DB. 210. Complete Control of Tumor Growth In Vivo By a Synthetic Consensus Multi-Antigen DNA Immune Therapy for Prostate Cancer. Mol Ther 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/s1525-0016(16)33815-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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Villarreal DO, Wise MC, Walters JN, Reuschel EL, Choi MJ, Obeng-Adjei N, Yan J, Morrow MP, Weiner DB. Alarmin IL-33 acts as an immunoadjuvant to enhance antigen-specific tumor immunity. Cancer Res 2014; 74:1789-800. [PMID: 24448242 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-13-2729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Studies of interleukin (IL)-33 reveal a number of pleiotropic properties. Here, we report that IL-33 has immunoadjuvant effects in a human papilloma virus (HPV)-associated model for cancer immunotherapy where cell-mediated immunity is critical for protection. Two biologically active isoforms of IL-33 exist that are full-length or mature, but the ability of either isoform to function as a vaccine adjuvant that influences CD4 T helper 1 or CD8 T-cell immune responses is not defined. We showed that both IL-33 isoforms are capable of enhancing potent antigen-specific effector and memory T-cell immunity in vivo in a DNA vaccine setting. In addition, although both IL-33 isoforms drove robust IFN-γ responses, neither elevated secretion of IL-4 or immunoglobulin E levels. Further, both isoforms augmented vaccine-induced antigen-specific polyfunctional CD4(+) and CD8(+) T-cell responses, with a large proportion of CD8(+) T cells undergoing plurifunctional cytolytic degranulation. Therapeutic studies indicated that vaccination with either IL-33 isoform in conjunction with an HPV DNA vaccine caused rapid and complete regressions in vivo. Moreover, IL-33 could expand the magnitude of antigen-specific CD8(+) T-cell responses and elicit effector-memory CD8(+) T cells. Taken together, our results support the development of these IL-33 isoforms as immunoadjuvants in vaccinations against pathogens, including in the context of antitumor immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel O Villarreal
- Authors' Affiliations: Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Inovio Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Blue Bell, Pennsylvania; and Korea Food and Drug Administration, Osong-eup, Cheongwon-gun, Chungcheongbuk-do, Korea
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