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Patel A, Rosenke K, Parzych EM, Feldmann F, Bharti S, Griffin AJ, Schouest B, Lewis M, Choi J, Chokkalingam N, Machado V, Smith BJ, Frase D, Ali AR, Lovaglio J, Nguyen B, Hanley PW, Walker SN, Gary EN, Kulkarni A, Generotti A, Francica JR, Rosenthal K, Kulp DW, Esser MT, Smith TRF, Shaia C, Weiner DB, Feldmann H. In vivo delivery of engineered synthetic DNA-encoded SARS-CoV-2 monoclonal antibodies for pre-exposure prophylaxis in non-human primates. Emerg Microbes Infect 2024; 13:2294860. [PMID: 38165394 PMCID: PMC10903752 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2023.2294860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
COVID-19 remains a major public health concern. Monoclonal antibodies have received emergency use authorization (EUA) for pre-exposure prophylaxis against COVID-19 among high-risk groups for treatment of mild to moderate COVID-19. In addition to recombinant biologics, engineered synthetic DNA-encoded antibodies (DMAb) are an important strategy for direct in vivo delivery of protective mAb. A DMAb cocktail was synthetically engineered to encode the immunoglobulin heavy and light chains of two different two different Fc-engineered anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. The DMAbs were designed to enhance in vivo expression and delivered intramuscularly to cynomolgus and rhesus macaques with a modified in vivo delivery regimen. Serum levels were detected in macaques, along with specific binding to SARS-CoV-2 spike receptor binding domain protein and neutralization of multiple SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern in pseudovirus and authentic live virus assays. Prophylactic administration was protective in rhesus macaques against signs of SARS-CoV-2 (USA-WA1/2020) associated disease in the lungs. Overall, the data support further study of DNA-encoded antibodies as an additional delivery mode for prevention of COVID-19 severe disease. These data have implications for human translation of gene-encoded mAbs for emerging infectious diseases and low dose mAb delivery against COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ami Patel
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, The Wistar Institute of Anatomy and Biology, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kyle Rosenke
- Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Elizabeth M. Parzych
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, The Wistar Institute of Anatomy and Biology, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Friederike Feldmann
- Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Suman Bharti
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, The Wistar Institute of Anatomy and Biology, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Amanda J. Griffin
- Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | | | - Matt Lewis
- Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Jihae Choi
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, The Wistar Institute of Anatomy and Biology, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Neethu Chokkalingam
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, The Wistar Institute of Anatomy and Biology, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Brian J. Smith
- Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Drew Frase
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, The Wistar Institute of Anatomy and Biology, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ali R. Ali
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, The Wistar Institute of Anatomy and Biology, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jamie Lovaglio
- Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Brian Nguyen
- Inovio Pharmaceuticals, Plymouth Meeting, PA, USA
| | - Patrick W. Hanley
- Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Susanne N. Walker
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, The Wistar Institute of Anatomy and Biology, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ebony N. Gary
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, The Wistar Institute of Anatomy and Biology, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Abhijeet Kulkarni
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, The Wistar Institute of Anatomy and Biology, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Joseph R. Francica
- Vaccines & Immune Therapies, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Kim Rosenthal
- Vaccines & Immune Therapies, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Daniel W. Kulp
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, The Wistar Institute of Anatomy and Biology, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Mark T. Esser
- Vaccines & Immune Therapies, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | | | - Carl Shaia
- Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - David B. Weiner
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, The Wistar Institute of Anatomy and Biology, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Heinz Feldmann
- Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
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Nangarlia A, Hassen FF, Canziani G, Bandi P, Talukder C, Zhang F, Krauth D, Gary EN, Weiner DB, Bieniasz P, Navas-Martin S, O'Keefe BR, Ang CG, Chaiken I. Irreversible Inactivation of SARS-CoV-2 by Lectin Engagement with Two Glycan Clusters on the Spike Protein. Biochemistry 2023; 62:2115-2127. [PMID: 37341186 PMCID: PMC10663058 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.3c00109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/22/2023]
Abstract
Host cell infection by SARS-CoV-2, similar to that by HIV-1, is driven by a conformationally metastable and highly glycosylated surface entry protein complex, and infection by these viruses has been shown to be inhibited by the mannose-specific lectins cyanovirin-N (CV-N) and griffithsin (GRFT). We discovered in this study that CV-N not only inhibits SARS-CoV-2 infection but also leads to irreversibly inactivated pseudovirus particles. The irreversibility effect was revealed by the observation that pseudoviruses first treated with CV-N and then washed to remove all soluble lectin did not recover infectivity. The infection inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus mutants with single-site glycan mutations in spike suggested that two glycan clusters in S1 are important for both CV-N and GRFT inhibition: one cluster associated with the RBD (receptor binding domain) and the second with the S1/S2 cleavage site. We observed lectin antiviral effects with several SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus variants, including the recently emerged omicron, as well as a fully infectious coronavirus, therein reflecting the breadth of lectin antiviral function and the potential for pan-coronavirus inactivation. Mechanistically, observations made in this work indicate that multivalent lectin interaction with S1 glycans is likely a driver of the lectin infection inhibition and irreversible inactivation effect and suggest the possibility that lectin inactivation is caused by an irreversible conformational effect on spike. Overall, lectins' irreversible inactivation of SARS-CoV-2, taken with their breadth of function, reflects the therapeutic potential of multivalent lectins targeting the vulnerable metastable spike before host cell encounter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aakansha Nangarlia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19102, United States
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19102, United States
| | - Farah Fazloon Hassen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19102, United States
| | - Gabriela Canziani
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19102, United States
| | - Praneeta Bandi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19102, United States
| | - Choya Talukder
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19102, United States
| | - Fengwen Zhang
- Laboratory of Retrovirology, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York 10065, United States
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Douglas Krauth
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19102, United States
| | - Ebony N Gary
- The Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - David B Weiner
- The Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Paul Bieniasz
- Laboratory of Retrovirology, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York 10065, United States
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Sonia Navas-Martin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19102, United States
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Molecular Virology & Translational Neuroscience, Institute for Molecular Medicine & Infectious Disease, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19102, United States
| | - Barry R O'Keefe
- Molecular Targets Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Frederick, Maryland 21702, United States
- Natural Products Branch, Developmental Therapeutics Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland 21702, United States
| | - Charles G Ang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19102, United States
| | - Irwin Chaiken
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19102, United States
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Park DH, Bhojnagarwala P, Liaw K, Bordoloi D, Gary EN, Weiner DB. Abstract 2976: A single administration of DNA-encoded tri-specific T cell engager (DTriTE) targeting EGFRvIII, IL13Ra2, and CD3 shows complete tumor clearance in an orthotopic challenge model of heterogeneous GBM. Cancer Res 2023. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2023-2976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common and lethal form of primary brain tumors in adults with a five-year survival rate less than 5%. In recent years, immunotherapeutic approaches that target a tumor-associated antigen (TAA), including EGFRvIII-targeted cancer vaccine and adoptive cell transfer, have been examined in clinical studies, which so far have shown limited efficacy in GBM patients. GBM is highly heterogeneous for targeting antigen expression. An immunotherapeutic agent that harnesses multiple TAAs simultaneously may mitigate tumor antigen escape and improve efficacy in GBM patients. Here, we describe a DNA-encoded tri-specific T cell engager
(DTriTE) that targets CD3 and two TAAs, EGFRvIII and IL13Ra2, which are expressed in up to 30% and 75% of GBM cases, respectively. We designed EGFRvIII-IL13Ra2-DTriTE to include single-chain variable fragments targeting IL13Ra2, CD3, and EGFRvIII in a series, fused with glycine-serine linkers. EGFRvIII-IL13Ra2-DTriTE exhibited robust binding activities to both EGFRvIII+ and IL13Ra2+ tumor cells and primary T cells, inducing robust T cell activation and anti-tumor cytotoxicity. EGFRvIII-IL13Ra2-DTriTE showed durable in vivo expression of over 10 weeks after a single IM injection in NSG mice. We developed an orthotopic challenge of a heterogeneous GBM model, wherein a mixture of EGFRvIII+ tumor cells and IL13Ra2+ tumor cells were planted in the brains of NSG mice and primary human T cells were peripherally delivered. A single IM administration of EGFRvIII-IL13Ra2-DTriTE resulted in complete tumor clearance. An administration of DNA-encoded bispecific T cell engager (DBTE) targeting EGFRvIII alone induced tumor clearance in 3 of 10 (30%) and limited tumor control in 5 of 10 (50%) animals. Similarly, mono-targeting of IL13Ra2 alone induced tumor clearance in 1 of 9 (11%) and limited tumor control in 4 of 9 (44%) animals. EGFRvIII-IL13Ra2-DTriTE treatment exhibited significantly improved survival with 8 of 8 (100%) animals survived, while treatments of single EGFRvIII-DBTE, IL13Ra2-DBTE or a vehicle control resulted in 4 of 10 (40%), 4 of 9 (44%), and 0 of 10 (0%) animals survived, respectively. This study shows that dual tumor-targeting approach using DTriTE is highly effective at treating antigenically heterogeneous GBM tumors. Further study of DTriTE multi-antigen approaches for GBM and other heterogeneous tumors appears important.
Citation Format: Daniel Hongil Park, Pratik Bhojnagarwala, Kevin Liaw, Devivasha Bordoloi, Ebony N. Gary, David B. Weiner. A single administration of DNA-encoded tri-specific T cell engager (DTriTE) targeting EGFRvIII, IL13Ra2, and CD3 shows complete tumor clearance in an orthotopic challenge model of heterogeneous GBM [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2023; Part 1 (Regular and Invited Abstracts); 2023 Apr 14-19; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(7_Suppl):Abstract nr 2976.
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Park DH, Liaw K, Bhojnagarwala P, Zhu X, Choi J, Ali AR, Bordoloi D, Gary EN, O’Connell RP, Kulkarni A, Guimet D, Smith T, Perales-Puchalt A, Patel A, Weiner DB. Multivalent in vivo delivery of DNA-encoded bispecific T cell engagers effectively controls heterogeneous GBM tumors and mitigates immune escape. Mol Ther Oncolytics 2023; 28:249-263. [PMID: 36915911 PMCID: PMC10006507 DOI: 10.1016/j.omto.2023.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is among the most difficult cancers to treat with a 5-year survival rate less than 5%. An immunotherapeutic vaccine approach targeting GBM-specific antigen, EGFRvIII, previously demonstrated important clinical impact. However, immune escape variants were reported in the trial, suggesting that multivalent approaches targeting GBM-associated antigens may be of importance. Here we focused on multivalent in vivo delivery of synthetic DNA-encoded bispecific T cell engagers (DBTEs) targeting two GBM-associated antigens, EGFRvIII and HER2. We designed and optimized an EGFRvIII-DBTE that induced T cell-mediated cytotoxicity against EGFRvIII-expressing tumor cells. In vivo delivery in a single administration of EGFRvIII-DBTE resulted in durable expression over several months in NSG mice and potent tumor control and clearance in both peripheral and orthotopic animal models of GBM. Next, we combined delivery of EGFRvIII-DBTEs with an HER2-targeting DBTE to treat heterogeneous GBM tumors. In vivo delivery of dual DBTEs targeting these two GBM-associated antigens exhibited enhanced tumor control and clearance in a heterogeneous orthotopic GBM challenge, while treatment with single-target DBTE ultimately allowed for tumor escape. These studies support that combined delivery of DBTEs, targeting both EGFRvIII and HER2, can potentially improve outcomes of GBM immunotherapy, and such multivalent approaches deserve additional study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel H. Park
- Perelman School of Medicine, The University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kevin Liaw
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Xizhou Zhu
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jihae Choi
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ali R. Ali
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Devivasha Bordoloi
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ebony N. Gary
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ryan P. O’Connell
- Perelman School of Medicine, The University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Abhijeet Kulkarni
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Diana Guimet
- Inovio Pharmaceuticals, Plymouth Meeting, PA 19462, USA
| | - Trevor Smith
- Inovio Pharmaceuticals, Plymouth Meeting, PA 19462, USA
| | | | - Ami Patel
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - David B. Weiner
- Perelman School of Medicine, The University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Corresponding author David B. Weiner, Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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5
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Gary EN, Tursi NJ, Warner BM, Cuismano G, Connors J, Parzych EM, Griffin BD, Bell MR, Ali AR, Frase D, Hojecki CE, Canziani GA, Chaiken I, Kannan T, Moffat E, Embury-Hyatt C, Wooton SK, Kossenkov A, Patel A, Kobasa D, Kutzler MA, Haddad EK, Weiner DB. Adenosine deaminase augments SARS-CoV-2 specific cellular and humoral responses in aged mouse models of immunization and challenge. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1138609. [PMID: 36999023 PMCID: PMC10043169 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1138609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite numerous clinically available vaccines and therapeutics, aged patients remain at increased risk for COVID-19 morbidity. Furthermore, various patient populations, including the aged can have suboptimal responses to SARS-CoV-2 vaccine antigens. Here, we characterized vaccine-induced responses to SARS-CoV-2 synthetic DNA vaccine antigens in aged mice. Aged mice exhibited altered cellular responses, including decreased IFNγ secretion and increased TNFα and IL-4 secretion suggestive of TH2-skewed responses. Aged mice exhibited decreased total binding and neutralizing antibodies in their serum but significantly increased TH2-type antigen-specific IgG1 antibody compared to their young counterparts. Strategies to enhance vaccine-induced immune responses are important, especially in aged patient populations. We observed that co-immunization with plasmid-encoded adenosine deaminase (pADA)enhanced immune responses in young animals. Ageing is associated with decreases in ADA function and expression. Here, we report that co-immunization with pADA enhanced IFNγ secretion while decreasing TNFα and IL-4 secretion. pADA expanded the breadth and affinity SARS-CoV-2 spike-specific antibodies while supporting TH1-type humoral responses in aged mice. scRNAseq analysis of aged lymph nodes revealed that pADA co-immunization supported a TH1 gene profile and decreased FoxP3 gene expression. Upon challenge, pADA co-immunization decreased viral loads in aged mice. These data support the use of mice as a model for age-associated decreased vaccine immunogenicity and infection-mediated morbidity and mortality in the context of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines and provide support for the use of adenosine deaminase as a molecular adjuvant in immune-challenged populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebony N. Gary
- The Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Nicholas J. Tursi
- The Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Bryce M. Warner
- Special Pathogens Program, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Gina Cuismano
- The Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- The Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Jennifer Connors
- The Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- The Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Elizabeth M. Parzych
- The Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Bryan D. Griffin
- Special Pathogens Program, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Matthew R. Bell
- The Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- The Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Ali R. Ali
- The Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Drew Frase
- The Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Casey E. Hojecki
- The Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Gabriela A. Canziani
- The Department of Biochemistry, Drexel University college of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Irwin Chaiken
- The Department of Biochemistry, Drexel University college of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Toshitha Kannan
- The Genomics Core, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Estella Moffat
- National Center for Foreign Animal Disease, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Carissa Embury-Hyatt
- National Center for Foreign Animal Disease, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Sarah K. Wooton
- Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Andrew Kossenkov
- The Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- The Genomics Core, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Ami Patel
- The Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Darwyn Kobasa
- Special Pathogens Program, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Michele A. Kutzler
- The Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- The Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Elias K. Haddad
- The Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- The Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - David B. Weiner
- The Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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Gary EN, Tursi NJ, Warner B, Parzych EM, Ali AR, Frase D, Moffat E, Embury-Hyatt C, Smith TRF, Broderick KE, Humeau L, Kobasa D, Patel A, Kulp DW, Weiner DB. Mucosal chemokine adjuvant enhances synDNA vaccine-mediated responses to SARS-CoV-2 and provides heterologous protection in vivo. Cell Rep Med 2022; 3:100693. [PMID: 35839767 PMCID: PMC9237025 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2022.100693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The global coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has claimed more than 5 million lives. Emerging variants of concern (VOCs) continually challenge viral control. Directing vaccine-induced humoral and cell-mediated responses to mucosal surfaces may enhance vaccine efficacy. Here we investigate the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of optimized synthetic DNA plasmids encoding wild-type severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) spike protein (pS) co-formulated with the plasmid-encoded mucosal chemokine cutaneous T cell-attracting chemokine (pCTACK; CCL27). pCTACK-co-immunized animals exhibit increased spike-specific antibodies at the mucosal surface and increased frequencies of interferon gamma (IFNγ)+ CD8+ T cells in the respiratory mucosa. pCTACK co-immunization confers 100% protection from heterologous Delta VOC challenge. This study shows that mucosal chemokine adjuvants can direct vaccine-induced responses to specific immunological sites and have significant effects on heterologous challenge. Further study of this unique chemokine-adjuvanted vaccine approach in the context of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines is likely important.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebony N Gary
- The Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Nicholas J Tursi
- The Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Bryce Warner
- Special Pathogens Program, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Elizabeth M Parzych
- The Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ali R Ali
- The Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Drew Frase
- The Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Estella Moffat
- National Center for Foreign Animal Disease (NCFAD), Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Carissa Embury-Hyatt
- National Center for Foreign Animal Disease (NCFAD), Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | | | | | | | - Darwyn Kobasa
- Special Pathogens Program, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MB, Canada; Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Ami Patel
- The Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Daniel W Kulp
- The Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - David B Weiner
- The Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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7
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Cusimano GM, Gary EN, Bell MR, Warner BM, Connors J, Tursi NJ, Ali AR, Zhang S, Canziani G, Taramangalam B, Gordon EA, Chaiken IM, Wootton SK, Smith T, Ramos S, Kobasa D, Weiner DB, Kutzler MA, Haddad EK. Improved Durability to SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine Immunity following Coimmunization with Molecular Adjuvant Adenosine Deaminase-1. J Immunol 2022; 209:118-127. [PMID: 35750334 PMCID: PMC9246991 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2200056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Although severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccines have demonstrated strong immunogenicity and protection against severe disease, concerns about the duration and breadth of these responses remain. In this study, we show that codelivery of plasmid-encoded adenosine deaminase-1 (pADA) with SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein DNA enhances immune memory and durability in vivo. Coimmunized mice displayed increased spike-specific IgG of higher affinity and neutralizing capacity as compared with plasmid-encoded spike-only-immunized animals. Importantly, pADA significantly improved the longevity of these enhanced responses in vivo. This coincided with durable increases in frequencies of plasmablasts, receptor-binding domain-specific memory B cells, and SARS-CoV-2-specific T follicular helper cells. Increased spike-specific T cell polyfunctionality was also observed. Notably, animals coimmunized with pADA had significantly reduced viral loads compared with their nonadjuvanted counterparts in a SARS-CoV-2 infection model. These data suggest that pADA enhances immune memory and durability and supports further translational studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gina M Cusimano
- Department of Medicine, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Ebony N Gary
- The Vaccine & Immunotherapy Center, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Matthew R Bell
- Department of Medicine, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Bryce M Warner
- Special Pathogens, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Jennifer Connors
- Department of Medicine, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Nicholas J Tursi
- The Vaccine & Immunotherapy Center, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Ali R Ali
- The Vaccine & Immunotherapy Center, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Shiyu Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Gabriela Canziani
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
| | | | - Emma A Gordon
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Irwin M Chaiken
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Sarah K Wootton
- Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | | - Darwyn Kobasa
- Special Pathogens, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - David B Weiner
- The Vaccine & Immunotherapy Center, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Michele A Kutzler
- Department of Medicine, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA;
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Elias K Haddad
- Department of Medicine, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA;
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
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8
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Zhu X, Perales-Puchalt A, Wojtak K, Xu Z, Yun K, Bhojnagarwala PS, Bordoloi D, Park DH, Liaw K, Bah MA, Lieberman PM, Gary EN, Patel A, Weiner DB. Abstract 3573: DNA immunotherapy targeting BARF1 demonstrates therapeutic impact in novel murine carcinoma models expressing EBV latent antigens. Cancer Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2022-3573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Epstein Barr Virus (EBV) latent infection is associated with multiple types of cancer. Several clinical studies have targeted EBV antigens as immune therapeutic targets with limited efficacy of EBV+ malignancies, suggesting additional targets might be important. BamHI-A rightward frame 1 (BARF1) is an EBV antigen that is highly expressed in EBV-associated gastric carcinoma (EBVaGC) and EBV+ nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) and has not been evaluated as an antigen in the context of therapeutic immunization. Here, we developed a synthetic DNA-based expression cassette as immunotherapy targeting BARF1 (pBARF1). Immunization with pBARF1 induced potent antigen-specific humoral and polyfunctional effector T cell responses in vivo. We observed significant antigen-specific increases of IFN-γ+, IFN-γ+ TNF-α+, and IFN-γ+ TNF-α+ IL-2+ populations in CD8+ T cells from the pBARF1 immunized animals in both C57BL/6 and BALB/c mice. Novel BARF1 expressing carcinoma lines that grow in immune-competent animals were developed as surrogates for human EBV+ tumors. We confirmed that BARF1 expression in these new cancer cell lines, MC38-BARF1 and CT26-BARF1, was within the range of human EBV+ cancer cell lines, SNU719 and C666-1. Immunization with pBARF1 plasmid demonstrated impact of tumor progression through induction of CD8+ T cell in these BARF1+ carcinoma models. We also observed long-term antitumor immunity, at least up to 446 days, against BARF1 in a CT26-BARF1 rechallenge study. Using IVIS in vivo imaging, we observed that pBARF1 immunized animals rapidly controlled and cleared cancer cells. These studies demonstrate the potential for pBARF1 immunity to induce antigen-specific immune responses impacting tumor progression. Further study of this immune target and these EBV+ tumor models is likely important as part of therapeutic approaches for EBV+ malignancies.
Citation Format: Xizhou Zhu, Alfredo Perales-Puchalt, Krzysztof Wojtak, Ziyang Xu, Kun Yun, Pratik S. Bhojnagarwala, Devivasha Bordoloi, Daniel H. Park, Kevin Liaw, Mamadou A. Bah, Paul M. Lieberman, Ebony N. Gary, Ami Patel, David B. Weiner. DNA immunotherapy targeting BARF1 demonstrates therapeutic impact in novel murine carcinoma models expressing EBV latent antigens [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2022; 2022 Apr 8-13. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(12_Suppl):Abstract nr 3573.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xizhou Zhu
- 1Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA
| | | | - Krzysztof Wojtak
- 1Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Ziyang Xu
- 1Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Kun Yun
- 1Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA
| | | | - Devivasha Bordoloi
- 1Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Daniel H. Park
- 1Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Kevin Liaw
- 1Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Mamadou A. Bah
- 1Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA
| | | | - Ebony N. Gary
- 1Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Ami Patel
- 1Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA
| | - David B. Weiner
- 1Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA
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9
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Daniell H, Nair SK, Esmaeili N, Wakade G, Shahid N, Ganesan PK, Islam MR, Shepley-McTaggart A, Feng S, Gary EN, Ali AR, Nuth M, Cruz SN, Graham-Wooten J, Streatfield SJ, Montoya-Lopez R, Kaznica P, Mawson M, Green BJ, Ricciardi R, Milone M, Harty RN, Wang P, Weiner DB, Margulies KB, Collman RG. Debulking SARS-CoV-2 in saliva using angiotensin converting enzyme 2 in chewing gum to decrease oral virus transmission and infection. Mol Ther 2022; 30:1966-1978. [PMID: 34774754 PMCID: PMC8580552 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2021.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
To advance a novel concept of debulking virus in the oral cavity, the primary site of viral replication, virus-trapping proteins CTB-ACE2 were expressed in chloroplasts and clinical-grade plant material was developed to meet FDA requirements. Chewing gum (2 g) containing plant cells expressed CTB-ACE2 up to 17.2 mg ACE2/g dry weight (11.7% leaf protein), have physical characteristics and taste/flavor like conventional gums, and no protein was lost during gum compression. CTB-ACE2 gum efficiently (>95%) inhibited entry of lentivirus spike or VSV-spike pseudovirus into Vero/CHO cells when quantified by luciferase or red fluorescence. Incubation of CTB-ACE2 microparticles reduced SARS-CoV-2 virus count in COVID-19 swab/saliva samples by >95% when evaluated by microbubbles (femtomolar concentration) or qPCR, demonstrating both virus trapping and blocking of cellular entry. COVID-19 saliva samples showed low or undetectable ACE2 activity when compared with healthy individuals (2,582 versus 50,126 ΔRFU; 27 versus 225 enzyme units), confirming greater susceptibility of infected patients for viral entry. CTB-ACE2 activity was completely inhibited by pre-incubation with SARS-CoV-2 receptor-binding domain, offering an explanation for reduced saliva ACE2 activity among COVID-19 patients. Chewing gum with virus-trapping proteins offers a general affordable strategy to protect patients from most oral virus re-infections through debulking or minimizing transmission to others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry Daniell
- Department of Basic and Translational Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| | - Smruti K Nair
- Department of Basic and Translational Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Nardana Esmaeili
- Department of Basic and Translational Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Geetanjali Wakade
- Department of Basic and Translational Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Naila Shahid
- Department of Basic and Translational Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Prem Kumar Ganesan
- Department of Basic and Translational Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Md Reyazul Islam
- Department of Basic and Translational Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Ariel Shepley-McTaggart
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Sheng Feng
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Ebony N Gary
- The Wistar Institute, 3601 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Ali R Ali
- The Wistar Institute, 3601 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Manunya Nuth
- Department of Basic and Translational Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Selene Nunez Cruz
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jevon Graham-Wooten
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | | | | | - Paul Kaznica
- Fraunhofer USA, Center Mid-Atlantic, Newark, DE 19711, USA
| | | | - Brian J Green
- Fraunhofer USA, Center Mid-Atlantic, Newark, DE 19711, USA
| | - Robert Ricciardi
- Department of Basic and Translational Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Michael Milone
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Ronald N Harty
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Ping Wang
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - David B Weiner
- The Wistar Institute, 3601 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Kenneth B Margulies
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Ronald G Collman
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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10
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Walters JN, Schouest B, Patel A, Reuschel EL, Schultheis K, Parzych E, Maricic I, Gary EN, Purwar M, Andrade VM, Doan A, Elwood D, Eblimit Z, Nguyen B, Frase D, Zaidi FI, Kulkarni A, Generotti A, Joseph Kim J, Humeau LM, Ramos SJ, Smith TR, Weiner DB, Broderick KE. Prime-boost vaccination regimens with INO-4800 and INO-4802 augment and broaden immune responses against SARS-CoV-2 in nonhuman primates. Vaccine 2022; 40:2960-2969. [PMID: 35428500 PMCID: PMC8977452 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2022.03.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The enhanced transmissibility and immune evasion associated with emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants demands the development of next-generation vaccines capable of inducing superior protection amid a shifting pandemic landscape. Since a portion of the global population harbors some level of immunity from vaccines based on the original Wuhan-Hu-1 SARS-CoV-2 sequence or natural infection, an important question going forward is whether this immunity can be boosted by next-generation vaccines that target emerging variants while simultaneously maintaining long-term protection against existing strains. Here, we evaluated the immunogenicity of INO-4800, our synthetic DNA vaccine candidate for COVID-19 currently in clinical evaluation, and INO-4802, a next-generation DNA vaccine designed to broadly target emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants, as booster vaccines in nonhuman primates. Rhesus macaques primed over one year prior with the first-generation INO-4800 vaccine were boosted with either INO-4800 or INO-4802 in homologous or heterologous prime-boost regimens. Both boosting schedules led to an expansion of T cells and antibody responses which were characterized by improved neutralizing and ACE2 blocking activity across wild-type SARS-CoV-2 as well as multiple variants of concern. These data illustrate the durability of immunity following vaccination with INO-4800 and additionally support the use of either INO-4800 or INO-4802 in prime-boost regimens.
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11
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Zhu X, Perales-Puchalt A, Wojtak K, Xu Z, Yun K, Bhojnagarwala PS, Bordoloi D, Park DH, Liaw K, Bah MA, Lieberman PM, Gary EN, Patel A, Weiner DB. DNA immunotherapy targeting BARF1 induces potent anti-tumor responses against Epstein-Barr-virus-associated carcinomas. Mol Ther Oncolytics 2022; 24:218-229. [PMID: 35071745 PMCID: PMC8761958 DOI: 10.1016/j.omto.2021.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Latent Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection is associated with several types of cancer. Several clinical studies have targeted EBV antigens as immune therapeutic targets with limited efficacy of EBV malignancies, suggesting that additional targets might be important. BamHI-A rightward frame 1 (BARF1) is an EBV antigen that is highly expressed in EBV+ nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) and EBV-associated gastric carcinoma (EBVaGC). BARF1 antigen can transform human epithelial cells in vivo. BARF1-specific antibodies and cytotoxic T cells were detected in some EBV+ NPC patients. However, BARF1 has not been evaluated as an antigen in the context of therapeutic immunization. Its possible importance in this context is unclear. Here, we developed a synthetic-DNA-based expression cassette as immunotherapy targeting BARF1 (pBARF1). Immunization with pBARF1 induced potent antigen-specific humoral and T cell responses in vivo. Immunization with pBARF1 plasmid impacted tumor progression through the induction of CD8+ T cells in novel BARF1+ carcinoma models. Using an in vivo imaging system, we observed that pBARF1-immunized animals rapidly cleared cancer cells. We demonstrated that pBARF1 can induce antigen-specific immune responses that can impact cancer progression. Further study of this immune target is likely important as part of therapeutic approaches for EBV+ malignancies.
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12
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Gary EN, Warner BM, Parzych EM, Griffin BD, Zhu X, Tailor N, Tursi NJ, Chan M, Purwar M, Vendramelli R, Choi J, Frost KL, Reeder S, Liaw K, Tello E, Ali AR, Yun K, Pei Y, Thomas SP, Rghei AD, Guilleman MM, Muthumani K, Smith T, Wootton SK, Patel A, Weiner DB, Kobasa D. A novel mouse AAV6 hACE2 transduction model of wild-type SARS-CoV-2 infection studied using synDNA immunogens. iScience 2021; 24:102699. [PMID: 34124612 PMCID: PMC8186956 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.102699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
More than 100 million people have been infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). Common laboratory mice are not susceptible to wild-type SARS-CoV-2 infection, challenging the development and testing of effective interventions. Here, we describe the development and testing of a mouse model for SARS-CoV-2 infection based on transduction of the respiratory tract of laboratory mice with an adeno-associated virus vector (AAV6) expressing human ACE-2 (AAV6.2FF-hACE2). We validated this model using a previously described synthetic DNA vaccine plasmid, INO-4800 (pS). Intranasal instillation of AAV6.2FF-hACE2 resulted in robust hACE2 expression in the respiratory tract. pS induced robust cellular and humoral responses. Vaccinated animals were challenged with 105 TCID50 SARS-CoV-2 (hCoV-19/Canada/ON-VIDO-01/2020) and euthanized four days post-challenge to assess viral load. One immunization resulted in 50% protection and two immunizations were completely protective. Overall, the AAV6.2FF-hACE2 mouse transduction model represents an easily accessible, genetically diverse mouse model for wild-type SARS-CoV-2 infection and preclinical evaluation of potential interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebony N Gary
- The Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Elizabeth M Parzych
- The Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Xizhou Zhu
- The Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Nikesh Tailor
- Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Nicholas J Tursi
- The Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Mable Chan
- Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Mansi Purwar
- The Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Jihae Choi
- The Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kathy L Frost
- Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Sophia Reeder
- The Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kevin Liaw
- The Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Edgar Tello
- The Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ali R Ali
- The Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kun Yun
- The Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Yanlong Pei
- Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Sylvia P Thomas
- Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Amira D Rghei
- Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | | | - Kar Muthumani
- The Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Sarah K Wootton
- Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Ami Patel
- The Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - David B Weiner
- The Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Darwyn Kobasa
- Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
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13
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Cusimano G, Gary EN, Bell M, Connors JR, Tursi NJ, Zhang S, Canziani G, Warner B, Ali AR, Taramangalam B, Chaiken IC, Wootton S, Weiner D, Kobasa D, Kutzler MA, Haddad EK. Determining Adenosine Deaminase 1 (ADA-1) Impact on Immune Memory and Durability as a Molecular Adjuvant in a SARS-CoV-2 DNA Vaccine Formulation. The Journal of Immunology 2021. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.206.supp.30.04] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
The novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), responsible for coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19), has infected millions of people causing a global pandemic. SARS-CoV-2 vaccines candidates have demonstrated acute immunogenicity and protection however, it has yet to be demonstrated whether natural or vaccine induced immunity against SARS-CoV-2 induces long term, protective immunity. In this study we sought to understand if adenosine deaminase (ADA), as a molecular adjuvant, can enhance immune memory and durability in the context of a SARS-CoV-2 DNA vaccine. Mice were immunized with a plasmid encoding for SARS-CoV-2 spike alone or in combination with plasmid encoded ADA. Subsequent B and T cell responses were measured until d60pi. In mice co-immunized with ADA, there were increased concentrations of spike receptor binding domain (RBD)-specific IgG in the sera which were found to bind RBD at an increased affinity as well as exhibit increased neutralization capability against SARS-CoV-2 pseudotyped viruses. Additionally, ADA co-immunized mice exhibited increased frequency of RBD specific memory B cells. In regard to T cell responses, mice co-immunized with ADA exhibited increased spike-specific IFN-γ, TNF-a and IL-2 as measured by flow cytometry and ELISpot. The ADA-enhanced anti-spike antibody durability over time was associated with increased frequencies of T follicular helper cells (TFH). Preliminary analysis supports that co-immunization with pADA impacts viral load in a SARS-CoV-2 infection model. These data suggest that ADA enhances immune memory and durability and supports further study with translational focus for enhancement of vaccines.
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14
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Walker SN, Chokkalingam N, Reuschel EL, Purwar M, Xu Z, Gary EN, Kim KY, Helble M, Schultheis K, Walters J, Ramos S, Muthumani K, Smith TRF, Broderick KE, Tebas P, Patel A, Weiner DB, Kulp DW. SARS-CoV-2 Assays To Detect Functional Antibody Responses That Block ACE2 Recognition in Vaccinated Animals and Infected Patients. J Clin Microbiol 2020; 58:e01533-20. [PMID: 32855181 PMCID: PMC7587116 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.01533-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has caused a global pandemic of COVID-19, resulting in cases of mild to severe respiratory distress and significant mortality. The global outbreak of this novel coronavirus has now infected >20 million people worldwide, with >5 million cases in the United States (11 August 2020). The development of diagnostic and research tools to determine infection and vaccine efficacy is critically needed. We have developed multiple serologic assays using newly designed SARS-CoV-2 reagents for detecting the presence of receptor-binding antibodies in sera. The first assay is surface plasmon resonance (SPR) based and can quantitate both antibody binding to the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and blocking to the Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor in a single experiment. The second assay is enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) based and can measure competition and blocking of the ACE2 receptor to the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein with antispike antibodies. The assay is highly versatile, and we demonstrate the broad utility of the assay by measuring antibody functionality of sera from small animals and nonhuman primates immunized with an experimental SARS-CoV-2 vaccine. In addition, we employ the assay to measure receptor blocking of sera from SARS-CoV-2-infected patients. The assay is shown to correlate with pseudovirus neutralization titers. This type of rapid, surrogate neutralization diagnostic can be employed widely to help study SARS-CoV-2 infection and assess the efficacy of vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne N Walker
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Neethu Chokkalingam
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Emma L Reuschel
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Mansi Purwar
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ziyang Xu
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ebony N Gary
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Kevin Y Kim
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Michaela Helble
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - Jewell Walters
- Inovio Pharmaceuticals, Plymouth Meeting, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - Kar Muthumani
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | | | - Pablo Tebas
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ami Patel
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - David B Weiner
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Daniel W Kulp
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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15
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Abstract
Recently newer synthetic DNA vaccines have been rapidly advanced to clinical study and have demonstrated an impressive degree of immune potency and tolerability. Improvements in DNA delivery over prior needle and syringe approaches include jet delivery, gene gun delivery, among others. Among the most effective of these new delivery methods, advanced electroporation (EP), combined with other advances, induces robust humoral and cellular immunity in both preventative as well as therapeutic studies. Advancements in the design of the DNA inserts include leader sequence changes, RNA and codon optimizations, improved insert designs, increased concentrations of DNA, and skin delivery, appear to complement newer delivery strategies. These advances also provide a framework for the in vivo production of synthetic DNA biologics. In this review, we focus on recent studies of synthetic DNA vaccines in the clinic for the prevention or treatment of infectious diseases with a focus on adaptive electroporation for delivery, and briefly summarize novel preclinical data advancing the in vivo delivery of DNA-encoded antibody-like biologics.
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16
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Smith TRF, Patel A, Ramos S, Elwood D, Zhu X, Yan J, Gary EN, Walker SN, Schultheis K, Purwar M, Xu Z, Walters J, Bhojnagarwala P, Yang M, Chokkalingam N, Pezzoli P, Parzych E, Reuschel EL, Doan A, Tursi N, Vasquez M, Choi J, Tello-Ruiz E, Maricic I, Bah MA, Wu Y, Amante D, Park DH, Dia Y, Ali AR, Zaidi FI, Generotti A, Kim KY, Herring TA, Reeder S, Andrade VM, Buttigieg K, Zhao G, Wu JM, Li D, Bao L, Liu J, Deng W, Qin C, Brown AS, Khoshnejad M, Wang N, Chu J, Wrapp D, McLellan JS, Muthumani K, Wang B, Carroll MW, Kim JJ, Boyer J, Kulp DW, Humeau LMPF, Weiner DB, Broderick KE. Immunogenicity of a DNA vaccine candidate for COVID-19. Nat Commun 2020; 11:2601. [PMID: 32433465 PMCID: PMC7239918 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-16505-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 412] [Impact Index Per Article: 103.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus family member, SARS-CoV-2 has been identified as the causal agent for the pandemic viral pneumonia disease, COVID-19. At this time, no vaccine is available to control further dissemination of the disease. We have previously engineered a synthetic DNA vaccine targeting the MERS coronavirus Spike (S) protein, the major surface antigen of coronaviruses, which is currently in clinical study. Here we build on this prior experience to generate a synthetic DNA-based vaccine candidate targeting SARS-CoV-2 S protein. The engineered construct, INO-4800, results in robust expression of the S protein in vitro. Following immunization of mice and guinea pigs with INO-4800 we measure antigen-specific T cell responses, functional antibodies which neutralize the SARS-CoV-2 infection and block Spike protein binding to the ACE2 receptor, and biodistribution of SARS-CoV-2 targeting antibodies to the lungs. This preliminary dataset identifies INO-4800 as a potential COVID-19 vaccine candidate, supporting further translational study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trevor R. F. Smith
- 0000 0004 0417 098Xgrid.421774.3Inovio Pharmaceuticals, Plymouth Meeting, Philadelphia, PA 19462 USA
| | - Ami Patel
- 0000 0001 1956 6678grid.251075.4Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Stephanie Ramos
- 0000 0004 0417 098Xgrid.421774.3Inovio Pharmaceuticals, Plymouth Meeting, Philadelphia, PA 19462 USA
| | - Dustin Elwood
- 0000 0004 0417 098Xgrid.421774.3Inovio Pharmaceuticals, Plymouth Meeting, Philadelphia, PA 19462 USA
| | - Xizhou Zhu
- 0000 0001 1956 6678grid.251075.4Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Jian Yan
- 0000 0004 0417 098Xgrid.421774.3Inovio Pharmaceuticals, Plymouth Meeting, Philadelphia, PA 19462 USA
| | - Ebony N. Gary
- 0000 0001 1956 6678grid.251075.4Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Susanne N. Walker
- 0000 0001 1956 6678grid.251075.4Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Katherine Schultheis
- 0000 0004 0417 098Xgrid.421774.3Inovio Pharmaceuticals, Plymouth Meeting, Philadelphia, PA 19462 USA
| | - Mansi Purwar
- 0000 0001 1956 6678grid.251075.4Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Ziyang Xu
- 0000 0001 1956 6678grid.251075.4Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Jewell Walters
- 0000 0004 0417 098Xgrid.421774.3Inovio Pharmaceuticals, Plymouth Meeting, Philadelphia, PA 19462 USA
| | - Pratik Bhojnagarwala
- 0000 0001 1956 6678grid.251075.4Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Maria Yang
- 0000 0004 0417 098Xgrid.421774.3Inovio Pharmaceuticals, Plymouth Meeting, Philadelphia, PA 19462 USA
| | - Neethu Chokkalingam
- 0000 0001 1956 6678grid.251075.4Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Patrick Pezzoli
- 0000 0004 0417 098Xgrid.421774.3Inovio Pharmaceuticals, Plymouth Meeting, Philadelphia, PA 19462 USA
| | - Elizabeth Parzych
- 0000 0001 1956 6678grid.251075.4Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Emma L. Reuschel
- 0000 0001 1956 6678grid.251075.4Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Arthur Doan
- 0000 0004 0417 098Xgrid.421774.3Inovio Pharmaceuticals, Plymouth Meeting, Philadelphia, PA 19462 USA
| | - Nicholas Tursi
- 0000 0001 1956 6678grid.251075.4Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Miguel Vasquez
- 0000 0004 0417 098Xgrid.421774.3Inovio Pharmaceuticals, Plymouth Meeting, Philadelphia, PA 19462 USA
| | - Jihae Choi
- 0000 0001 1956 6678grid.251075.4Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Edgar Tello-Ruiz
- 0000 0001 1956 6678grid.251075.4Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Igor Maricic
- 0000 0004 0417 098Xgrid.421774.3Inovio Pharmaceuticals, Plymouth Meeting, Philadelphia, PA 19462 USA
| | - Mamadou A. Bah
- 0000 0001 1956 6678grid.251075.4Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Yuanhan Wu
- 0000 0001 1956 6678grid.251075.4Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Dinah Amante
- 0000 0004 0417 098Xgrid.421774.3Inovio Pharmaceuticals, Plymouth Meeting, Philadelphia, PA 19462 USA
| | - Daniel H. Park
- 0000 0001 1956 6678grid.251075.4Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Yaya Dia
- 0000 0001 1956 6678grid.251075.4Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Ali Raza Ali
- 0000 0001 1956 6678grid.251075.4Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Faraz I. Zaidi
- 0000 0001 1956 6678grid.251075.4Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Alison Generotti
- 0000 0004 0417 098Xgrid.421774.3Inovio Pharmaceuticals, Plymouth Meeting, Philadelphia, PA 19462 USA
| | - Kevin Y. Kim
- 0000 0001 1956 6678grid.251075.4Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Timothy A. Herring
- 0000 0004 0417 098Xgrid.421774.3Inovio Pharmaceuticals, Plymouth Meeting, Philadelphia, PA 19462 USA
| | - Sophia Reeder
- 0000 0001 1956 6678grid.251075.4Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Viviane M. Andrade
- 0000 0004 0417 098Xgrid.421774.3Inovio Pharmaceuticals, Plymouth Meeting, Philadelphia, PA 19462 USA
| | - Karen Buttigieg
- 0000 0004 5909 016Xgrid.271308.fNational Infection Service, Public Health England, Porton Down, Wiltshire, UK
| | - Gan Zhao
- Advaccine (Suzhou) Biopharmaceuticals Co., Ltd, Suzhou, China
| | - Jiun-Ming Wu
- Advaccine (Suzhou) Biopharmaceuticals Co., Ltd, Suzhou, China
| | - Dan Li
- 0000 0001 0125 2443grid.8547.eKey Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of MOH and MOE and Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Linlin Bao
- 0000 0001 0125 2443grid.8547.eKey Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of MOH and MOE and Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiangning Liu
- 0000 0001 0125 2443grid.8547.eKey Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of MOH and MOE and Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Deng
- 0000 0001 0125 2443grid.8547.eKey Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of MOH and MOE and Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chuan Qin
- 0000 0001 0125 2443grid.8547.eKey Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of MOH and MOE and Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ami Shah Brown
- 0000 0004 0417 098Xgrid.421774.3Inovio Pharmaceuticals, Plymouth Meeting, Philadelphia, PA 19462 USA
| | - Makan Khoshnejad
- 0000 0001 1956 6678grid.251075.4Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Nianshuang Wang
- 0000 0004 1936 9924grid.89336.37Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712 USA
| | - Jacqueline Chu
- 0000 0001 1956 6678grid.251075.4Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Daniel Wrapp
- 0000 0004 1936 9924grid.89336.37Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712 USA
| | - Jason S. McLellan
- 0000 0004 1936 9924grid.89336.37Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712 USA
| | - Kar Muthumani
- 0000 0001 1956 6678grid.251075.4Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Bin Wang
- 0000 0001 0125 2443grid.8547.eKey Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of MOH and MOE and Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Miles W. Carroll
- 0000 0004 5909 016Xgrid.271308.fNational Infection Service, Public Health England, Porton Down, Wiltshire, UK
| | - J. Joseph Kim
- 0000 0004 0417 098Xgrid.421774.3Inovio Pharmaceuticals, Plymouth Meeting, Philadelphia, PA 19462 USA
| | - Jean Boyer
- 0000 0004 0417 098Xgrid.421774.3Inovio Pharmaceuticals, Plymouth Meeting, Philadelphia, PA 19462 USA
| | - Daniel W. Kulp
- 0000 0001 1956 6678grid.251075.4Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Laurent M. P. F. Humeau
- 0000 0004 0417 098Xgrid.421774.3Inovio Pharmaceuticals, Plymouth Meeting, Philadelphia, PA 19462 USA
| | - David B. Weiner
- 0000 0001 1956 6678grid.251075.4Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Kate E. Broderick
- 0000 0004 0417 098Xgrid.421774.3Inovio Pharmaceuticals, Plymouth Meeting, Philadelphia, PA 19462 USA
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17
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Gary EN, Kathuria N, Makurumidze G, Curatola A, Ramamurthi A, Bernui ME, Myles D, Yan J, Pankhong P, Muthumani K, Haddad E, Humeau L, Weiner DB, Kutzler MA. CCR10 expression is required for the adjuvant activity of the mucosal chemokine CCL28 when delivered in the context of an HIV-1 Env DNA vaccine. Vaccine 2020; 38:2626-2635. [PMID: 32057572 PMCID: PMC10681704 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2020.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Revised: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
An effective prophylactic vaccine targeting HIV must induce a robust humoral response and must direct the bulk of this response to the mucosa-the primary site of HIV transmission. The chemokine, CCL28, is secreted by epithelial cells at mucosal surfaces and recruits' cells expressing its receptor CCR10. CCR10 is predominantly expressed by IgA + ASCs. We hypothesized that co-immunization with plasmid DNA encoding consensus envelope antigens with plasmid-encoded CCL28 would enhance anti-HIV IgA responses at mucosal surfaces. Indeed, animals receiving pCCL28 and pEnvA/C had significantly increased HIV-specific IgA in fecal extract. Surprisingly, CCL28 co-immunization induced a significant increase in anti-HIV IgG in the serum in mice compared to those receiving pEnvA/C alone. These robust antibody responses were not associated with changes in the frequency of germinal center B cells but depended upon the expression of CCR10, as these responses we abolished in CCR10-deficient animals. Finally, immunization with CCL28 led to increased frequencies in HIV-specific CCR10 + and CCR10 + IgA + B cells in the small intestine and Peyer's patches of vaccinated animals as compared to those receiving pEnvA/C alone. These data indicate that CCL28 administration can enhance antigen-specific humoral responses systemically and at mucosal surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- E N Gary
- The Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - N Kathuria
- The Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - G Makurumidze
- The Department of Medicine, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - A Curatola
- The Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - A Ramamurthi
- The Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - M E Bernui
- The Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States; The Department of Medicine, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - D Myles
- The Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - J Yan
- Inovio Pharmaceuticals, Blue Bell, PA, United States
| | - P Pankhong
- The Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - K Muthumani
- The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - E Haddad
- The Department of Medicine, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - L Humeau
- Inovio Pharmaceuticals, Blue Bell, PA, United States
| | - D B Weiner
- The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - M A Kutzler
- The Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States; The Department of Medicine, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States.
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18
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Gary EN, Kutzler MA. Defensive Driving: Directing HIV-1 Vaccine-Induced Humoral Immunity to the Mucosa with Chemokine Adjuvants. J Immunol Res 2018; 2018:3734207. [PMID: 30648120 PMCID: PMC6311813 DOI: 10.1155/2018/3734207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2018] [Revised: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A myriad of pathogens gain access to the host via the mucosal route; thus, vaccinations that protect against mucosal pathogens are critical. Pathogens such as HIV, HSV, and influenza enter the host at mucosal sites such as the intestinal, urogenital, and respiratory tracts. All currently licensed vaccines mediate protection by inducing the production of antibodies which can limit pathogen replication at the site of infection. Unfortunately, parenteral vaccination rarely induces the production of an antigen-specific antibody at mucosal surfaces and thus relies on transudation of systemically generated antibody to mucosal surfaces to mediate protection. Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissues (MALTs) consist of a complex network of immune organs and tissues that orchestrate the interaction between the host, commensal microbes, and pathogens at these surfaces. This complexity necessitates strict control of the entry and exit of lymphocytes in the MALT. This control is mediated by chemoattractant chemokines or cytokines which recruit immune cells expressing the cognate receptors and adhesion molecules. Exploiting mucosal chemokine trafficking pathways to mobilize specific subsets of lymphocytes to mucosal tissues in the context of vaccination has improved immunogenicity and efficacy in preclinical models. This review describes the novel use of MALT chemokines as vaccine adjuvants. Specific attention will be placed upon the use of such adjuvants to enhance HIV-specific mucosal humoral immunity in the context of prophylactic vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebony N. Gary
- The Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Michele A. Kutzler
- The Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- The Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, The Department of Medicine, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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19
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Gary EN, Kutzler MA. A Little Help From the Follicles: Understanding the Germinal Center Response to Human Immunodeficiency Virus 1 Infection and Prophylactic Vaccines. Clin Med Insights Pathol 2017; 10:1179555717695548. [PMID: 28469517 PMCID: PMC5398647 DOI: 10.1177/1179555717695548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2016] [Accepted: 01/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) is the causative agent of AIDS. There are currently more than 35 million people living with HIV infection worldwide, and more than 2 million new infections occur each year. The global pandemic caused by HIV-1 is the subject of numerous research projects, with the development of a prophylactic vaccine and a therapeutic cure being the ultimate goals. The classic paradigms of vaccinology have proven incapable of producing a viable vaccine due to the complexity of the virus' replication cycle, its genetic diversity, and a lack of understanding of the immune correlates of protection. Here, we briefly discuss recent vaccine approaches and the immune correlates of protection from HIV-1 infection with a focus on the role of the germinal center as a reservoir of replication-competent virus and its role in the development of broadly neutralizing antibodies in response to vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebony N Gary
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Michele A Kutzler
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases & HIV Medicine, College of Medicine, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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20
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Rudolph MJ, Vance DJ, Cheung J, Franklin MC, Burshteyn F, Cassidy MS, Gary EN, Herrera C, Shoemaker CB, Mantis NJ. Crystal structures of ricin toxin's enzymatic subunit (RTA) in complex with neutralizing and non-neutralizing single-chain antibodies. J Mol Biol 2014; 426:3057-68. [PMID: 24907552 PMCID: PMC4128236 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2014.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2014] [Revised: 05/17/2014] [Accepted: 05/25/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Ricin is a select agent toxin and a member of the RNA N-glycosidase family of medically important plant and bacterial ribosome-inactivating proteins. In this study, we determined X-ray crystal structures of the enzymatic subunit of ricin (RTA) in complex with the antigen binding domains (VHH) of five unique single-chain monoclonal antibodies that differ in their respective toxin-neutralizing activities. None of the VHHs made direct contact with residues involved in RTA's RNA N-glycosidase activity or induced notable allosteric changes in the toxin's subunit. Rather, the five VHHs had overlapping structural epitopes on the surface of the toxin and differed in the degree to which they made contact with prominent structural elements in two folding domains of the RTA. In general, RTA interactions were influenced most by the VHH CDR3 (CDR, complementarity-determining region) elements, with the most potent neutralizing antibody having the shortest and most conformationally constrained CDR3. These structures provide unique insights into the mechanisms underlying toxin neutralization and provide critically important information required for the rational design of ricin toxin subunit vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - David J Vance
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY 12208, USA
| | - Jonah Cheung
- New York Structural Biology Center, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | | | | | | | - Ebony N Gary
- New York Structural Biology Center, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Cristina Herrera
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY 12208, USA; Department of Biomedical Sciences, University at Albany, Albany, NY 12201, USA
| | | | - Nicholas J Mantis
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY 12208, USA; Department of Biomedical Sciences, University at Albany, Albany, NY 12201, USA.
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21
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Cheung J, Gary EN, Shiomi K, Rosenberry TL. Structures of human acetylcholinesterase bound to dihydrotanshinone I and territrem B show peripheral site flexibility. ACS Med Chem Lett 2013; 4:1091-6. [PMID: 24900610 DOI: 10.1021/ml400304w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2013] [Accepted: 09/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Acetylcholinesterase is a critical enzyme that regulates neurotransmission by degrading the neurotransmitter acetylcholine in synapses of the nervous system. It is an important target for both therapeutic drugs that treat Alzheimer's disease and chemical warfare agents that cripple the nervous system and cause death through paralysis. The enzyme has both catalytic and peripheral sites to which inhibitors may bind. Structures of recombinant human acetylcholinesterase in complex with the natural product inhibitors dihydrotanshinone I and territrem B reveal dihydrotanshinone I binding that is specific to only the peripheral site and territrem B binding that spans both sites and distorts the protein backbone in the peripheral site. These inhibitors may function as important molecular templates for therapeutics used for treatment of disease and protection against nerve agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonah Cheung
- New York Structural
Biology Center, New York, New
York 10027, United States
| | - Ebony N. Gary
- New York Structural
Biology Center, New York, New
York 10027, United States
| | - Kazuro Shiomi
- Kitasato
Institute for Life Sciences, Kitasato University, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan
| | - Terrone L. Rosenberry
- Departments
of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, Florida 32224, United States
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22
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Cheung J, Rudolph MJ, Burshteyn F, Cassidy MS, Gary EN, Love J, Franklin MC, Height JJ. Structures of human acetylcholinesterase in complex with pharmacologically important ligands. J Med Chem 2012; 55:10282-6. [PMID: 23035744 DOI: 10.1021/jm300871x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 804] [Impact Index Per Article: 67.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Human acetylcholinesterase (AChE) is a significant target for therapeutic drugs. Here we present high resolution crystal structures of human AChE, alone and in complexes with drug ligands; donepezil, an Alzheimer's disease drug, binds differently to human AChE than it does to Torpedo AChE. These crystals of human AChE provide a more accurate platform for further drug development than previously available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonah Cheung
- New York Structural Biology Center, New York, New York 10027, USA
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