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Warner BM, Chan M, Tailor N, Vendramelli R, Audet J, Meilleur C, Truong T, Garnett L, Willman M, Soule G, Tierney K, Albietz A, Moffat E, Higgins R, Santry LA, Leacy A, Pham PH, Yates JGE, Pei Y, Safronetz D, Strong JE, Susta L, Embury-Hyatt C, Wootton SK, Kobasa D. Mucosal Vaccination with a Newcastle Disease Virus-Vectored Vaccine Reduces Viral Loads in SARS-CoV-2-Infected Cynomolgus Macaques. Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 12:404. [PMID: 38675786 PMCID: PMC11054841 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12040404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) emerged following an outbreak of unexplained viral illness in China in late 2019. Since then, it has spread globally causing a pandemic that has resulted in millions of deaths and has had enormous economic and social consequences. The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 saw the rapid and widespread development of a number of vaccine candidates worldwide, and this never-before-seen pace of vaccine development led to several candidates progressing immediately through clinical trials. Many countries have now approved vaccines for emergency use, with large-scale vaccination programs ongoing. Despite these successes, there remains a need for ongoing pre-clinical and clinical development of vaccine candidates against SARS-CoV-2, as well as vaccines that can elicit strong mucosal immune responses. Here, we report on the efficacy of a Newcastle disease virus-vectored vaccine candidate expressing SARS-CoV-2 spike protein (NDV-FLS) administered to cynomolgus macaques. Macaques given two doses of the vaccine via respiratory immunization developed robust immune responses and had reduced viral RNA levels in nasal swabs and in the lower airway. Our data indicate that NDV-FLS administered mucosally provides significant protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection, resulting in reduced viral burden and disease manifestation, and should be considered as a viable candidate for clinical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryce M. Warner
- Special Pathogens, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3R2, Canada; (M.C.); (N.T.); (R.V.); (J.A.); (C.M.); (T.T.); (L.G.); (M.W.); (G.S.); (K.T.); (A.A.); (D.S.); (J.E.S.); (D.K.)
| | - Mable Chan
- Special Pathogens, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3R2, Canada; (M.C.); (N.T.); (R.V.); (J.A.); (C.M.); (T.T.); (L.G.); (M.W.); (G.S.); (K.T.); (A.A.); (D.S.); (J.E.S.); (D.K.)
| | - Nikesh Tailor
- Special Pathogens, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3R2, Canada; (M.C.); (N.T.); (R.V.); (J.A.); (C.M.); (T.T.); (L.G.); (M.W.); (G.S.); (K.T.); (A.A.); (D.S.); (J.E.S.); (D.K.)
| | - Robert Vendramelli
- Special Pathogens, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3R2, Canada; (M.C.); (N.T.); (R.V.); (J.A.); (C.M.); (T.T.); (L.G.); (M.W.); (G.S.); (K.T.); (A.A.); (D.S.); (J.E.S.); (D.K.)
| | - Jonathan Audet
- Special Pathogens, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3R2, Canada; (M.C.); (N.T.); (R.V.); (J.A.); (C.M.); (T.T.); (L.G.); (M.W.); (G.S.); (K.T.); (A.A.); (D.S.); (J.E.S.); (D.K.)
| | - Courtney Meilleur
- Special Pathogens, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3R2, Canada; (M.C.); (N.T.); (R.V.); (J.A.); (C.M.); (T.T.); (L.G.); (M.W.); (G.S.); (K.T.); (A.A.); (D.S.); (J.E.S.); (D.K.)
| | - Thang Truong
- Special Pathogens, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3R2, Canada; (M.C.); (N.T.); (R.V.); (J.A.); (C.M.); (T.T.); (L.G.); (M.W.); (G.S.); (K.T.); (A.A.); (D.S.); (J.E.S.); (D.K.)
| | - Lauren Garnett
- Special Pathogens, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3R2, Canada; (M.C.); (N.T.); (R.V.); (J.A.); (C.M.); (T.T.); (L.G.); (M.W.); (G.S.); (K.T.); (A.A.); (D.S.); (J.E.S.); (D.K.)
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0J9, Canada
| | - Marnie Willman
- Special Pathogens, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3R2, Canada; (M.C.); (N.T.); (R.V.); (J.A.); (C.M.); (T.T.); (L.G.); (M.W.); (G.S.); (K.T.); (A.A.); (D.S.); (J.E.S.); (D.K.)
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0J9, Canada
| | - Geoff Soule
- Special Pathogens, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3R2, Canada; (M.C.); (N.T.); (R.V.); (J.A.); (C.M.); (T.T.); (L.G.); (M.W.); (G.S.); (K.T.); (A.A.); (D.S.); (J.E.S.); (D.K.)
| | - Kevin Tierney
- Special Pathogens, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3R2, Canada; (M.C.); (N.T.); (R.V.); (J.A.); (C.M.); (T.T.); (L.G.); (M.W.); (G.S.); (K.T.); (A.A.); (D.S.); (J.E.S.); (D.K.)
| | - Alixandra Albietz
- Special Pathogens, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3R2, Canada; (M.C.); (N.T.); (R.V.); (J.A.); (C.M.); (T.T.); (L.G.); (M.W.); (G.S.); (K.T.); (A.A.); (D.S.); (J.E.S.); (D.K.)
| | - Estella Moffat
- National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3R2, Canada; (E.M.); (C.E.-H.)
| | - Rick Higgins
- Department of Radiology, Health Sciences Center, Winnipeg, MB R3A 1S1, Canada;
| | - Lisa A. Santry
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; (L.A.S.); (A.L.); (P.H.P.); (J.G.E.Y.); (Y.P.); (L.S.)
| | - Alexander Leacy
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; (L.A.S.); (A.L.); (P.H.P.); (J.G.E.Y.); (Y.P.); (L.S.)
| | - Phuc H. Pham
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; (L.A.S.); (A.L.); (P.H.P.); (J.G.E.Y.); (Y.P.); (L.S.)
| | - Jacob G. E. Yates
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; (L.A.S.); (A.L.); (P.H.P.); (J.G.E.Y.); (Y.P.); (L.S.)
| | - Yanlong Pei
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; (L.A.S.); (A.L.); (P.H.P.); (J.G.E.Y.); (Y.P.); (L.S.)
| | - David Safronetz
- Special Pathogens, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3R2, Canada; (M.C.); (N.T.); (R.V.); (J.A.); (C.M.); (T.T.); (L.G.); (M.W.); (G.S.); (K.T.); (A.A.); (D.S.); (J.E.S.); (D.K.)
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0J9, Canada
| | - James E. Strong
- Special Pathogens, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3R2, Canada; (M.C.); (N.T.); (R.V.); (J.A.); (C.M.); (T.T.); (L.G.); (M.W.); (G.S.); (K.T.); (A.A.); (D.S.); (J.E.S.); (D.K.)
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0J9, Canada
| | - Leonardo Susta
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; (L.A.S.); (A.L.); (P.H.P.); (J.G.E.Y.); (Y.P.); (L.S.)
| | - Carissa Embury-Hyatt
- National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3R2, Canada; (E.M.); (C.E.-H.)
| | - Sarah K. Wootton
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; (L.A.S.); (A.L.); (P.H.P.); (J.G.E.Y.); (Y.P.); (L.S.)
| | - Darwyn Kobasa
- Special Pathogens, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3R2, Canada; (M.C.); (N.T.); (R.V.); (J.A.); (C.M.); (T.T.); (L.G.); (M.W.); (G.S.); (K.T.); (A.A.); (D.S.); (J.E.S.); (D.K.)
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0J9, Canada
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Lewis CE, Pinette MM, Lakin SM, Smith G, Fisher M, Moffat E, Embury-Hyatt C, Pickering BS. Domestic pigs are susceptible to experimental infection with non-human primate-derived Reston virus without the need for adaptation. Sci Rep 2024; 14:715. [PMID: 38184728 PMCID: PMC10771446 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-51280-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Domestic pigs are a critical component of the food supply and one of the most commonly raised production animals. Pork consumption has driven the intensification of pig production expanding into environments conducive to increased emergence and spread of infectious diseases, including the spillover of pathogens into human populations. One of these emerging viruses, Reston virus (RESTV), is an enigma among the Orthoebolavirus genus in that its lack of human pathogenicity is in stark contrast to the high virulence associated with most other ebolaviruses. RESTV is, however, associated with outbreaks of highly lethal hemorrhagic disease in non-human primates (NHP), as well as poorly understood clinical manifestations of mixed virulence and lethality in naturally and experimentally infected domestic pigs. Our results show it is possible for RESTV derived from an NHP to infect domestic pigs resulting in a spectrum of disease, from asymptomatic to severe respiratory distress. Further, we report on the first experimental transmission of RESTV between infected pigs and a co-housed, naïve animal, as well as the first report of the successful use of group oral fluids for the detection of RESTV RNA and virus-specific IgA antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles E Lewis
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
- Interdepartmental Microbiology Program, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Mathieu M Pinette
- National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Steven M Lakin
- Scientific Liaison Services Section, Foreign Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory, National Veterinary Services Laboratories, Animal Plant Health Inspection Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Orient Point, NY, USA
| | - Greg Smith
- National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Mathew Fisher
- National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Estella Moffat
- National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Carissa Embury-Hyatt
- National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Brad S Pickering
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA.
- National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.
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Robert E, Goonewardene K, Lamboo L, Perez O, Goolia M, Lewis C, Erdelyan CNG, Lung O, Handel K, Moffat E, Embury-Hyatt C, Amaya NN, Parra CPC, Rueda DCG, Monroy MAR, Clavijo A, Ambagala A. Molecular and Pathological Characterization of Classical Swine Fever Virus Genotype 2 Strains Responsible for the 2013-2018 Outbreak in Colombia. Viruses 2023; 15:2308. [PMID: 38140549 PMCID: PMC10747092 DOI: 10.3390/v15122308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Classical swine fever (CSF) is a highly contagious transboundary viral disease of domestic and wild pigs. Despite mass vaccination and continuous eradication programs, CSF remains endemic in Asia, some countries in Europe, the Caribbean and South America. Since June 2013, Northern Colombia has reported 137 CSF outbreaks, mostly in backyard production systems with low vaccination coverage. The purpose of this study was to characterize the virus responsible for the outbreak. Phylogenetic analysis based on the full-length E2 sequence shows that the virus is closely related to CSF virus (CSFV) genotype 2.6 strains circulating in Southeast Asia. The pathotyping experiment suggests that the virus responsible is a moderately virulent strain. The 190 nucleotide stretch of the E2 hypervariable region of these isolates also shows high similarity to the CSFV isolates from Colombia in 2005 and 2006, suggesting a common origin for the CSF outbreaks caused by genotype 2.6 strains. The emergence of genotype 2.6 in Colombia suggests a potential transboundary spread of CSFV from Asia to the Americas, complicating the ongoing CSF eradication efforts in the Americas, and emphasizes the need for continuous surveillance in the region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin Robert
- Canadian Food Inspection Agency, National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3R2, Canada; (E.R.); (K.G.); (L.L.); (O.P.); (M.G.); (C.L.); (C.N.G.E.); (O.L.); (K.H.); (E.M.); (C.E.-H.); (A.C.)
| | - Kalhari Goonewardene
- Canadian Food Inspection Agency, National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3R2, Canada; (E.R.); (K.G.); (L.L.); (O.P.); (M.G.); (C.L.); (C.N.G.E.); (O.L.); (K.H.); (E.M.); (C.E.-H.); (A.C.)
| | - Lindsey Lamboo
- Canadian Food Inspection Agency, National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3R2, Canada; (E.R.); (K.G.); (L.L.); (O.P.); (M.G.); (C.L.); (C.N.G.E.); (O.L.); (K.H.); (E.M.); (C.E.-H.); (A.C.)
| | - Orlando Perez
- Canadian Food Inspection Agency, National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3R2, Canada; (E.R.); (K.G.); (L.L.); (O.P.); (M.G.); (C.L.); (C.N.G.E.); (O.L.); (K.H.); (E.M.); (C.E.-H.); (A.C.)
| | - Melissa Goolia
- Canadian Food Inspection Agency, National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3R2, Canada; (E.R.); (K.G.); (L.L.); (O.P.); (M.G.); (C.L.); (C.N.G.E.); (O.L.); (K.H.); (E.M.); (C.E.-H.); (A.C.)
| | - Charles Lewis
- Canadian Food Inspection Agency, National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3R2, Canada; (E.R.); (K.G.); (L.L.); (O.P.); (M.G.); (C.L.); (C.N.G.E.); (O.L.); (K.H.); (E.M.); (C.E.-H.); (A.C.)
| | - Cassidy N. G. Erdelyan
- Canadian Food Inspection Agency, National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3R2, Canada; (E.R.); (K.G.); (L.L.); (O.P.); (M.G.); (C.L.); (C.N.G.E.); (O.L.); (K.H.); (E.M.); (C.E.-H.); (A.C.)
| | - Oliver Lung
- Canadian Food Inspection Agency, National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3R2, Canada; (E.R.); (K.G.); (L.L.); (O.P.); (M.G.); (C.L.); (C.N.G.E.); (O.L.); (K.H.); (E.M.); (C.E.-H.); (A.C.)
| | - Katherine Handel
- Canadian Food Inspection Agency, National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3R2, Canada; (E.R.); (K.G.); (L.L.); (O.P.); (M.G.); (C.L.); (C.N.G.E.); (O.L.); (K.H.); (E.M.); (C.E.-H.); (A.C.)
| | - Estella Moffat
- Canadian Food Inspection Agency, National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3R2, Canada; (E.R.); (K.G.); (L.L.); (O.P.); (M.G.); (C.L.); (C.N.G.E.); (O.L.); (K.H.); (E.M.); (C.E.-H.); (A.C.)
| | - Carissa Embury-Hyatt
- Canadian Food Inspection Agency, National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3R2, Canada; (E.R.); (K.G.); (L.L.); (O.P.); (M.G.); (C.L.); (C.N.G.E.); (O.L.); (K.H.); (E.M.); (C.E.-H.); (A.C.)
| | - Nancy Naranjo Amaya
- National Veterinary Laboratory, Instituto Colombiano Agropecurio, Bogota 110911, DC, Colombia; (N.N.A.); (C.P.C.P.); (D.C.G.R.); (M.A.R.M.)
| | - Claudia Patricia Calderón Parra
- National Veterinary Laboratory, Instituto Colombiano Agropecurio, Bogota 110911, DC, Colombia; (N.N.A.); (C.P.C.P.); (D.C.G.R.); (M.A.R.M.)
| | - Diana Cristina Gómez Rueda
- National Veterinary Laboratory, Instituto Colombiano Agropecurio, Bogota 110911, DC, Colombia; (N.N.A.); (C.P.C.P.); (D.C.G.R.); (M.A.R.M.)
| | - Maria Antonia Rincón Monroy
- National Veterinary Laboratory, Instituto Colombiano Agropecurio, Bogota 110911, DC, Colombia; (N.N.A.); (C.P.C.P.); (D.C.G.R.); (M.A.R.M.)
| | - Alfonso Clavijo
- Canadian Food Inspection Agency, National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3R2, Canada; (E.R.); (K.G.); (L.L.); (O.P.); (M.G.); (C.L.); (C.N.G.E.); (O.L.); (K.H.); (E.M.); (C.E.-H.); (A.C.)
| | - Aruna Ambagala
- Canadian Food Inspection Agency, National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3R2, Canada; (E.R.); (K.G.); (L.L.); (O.P.); (M.G.); (C.L.); (C.N.G.E.); (O.L.); (K.H.); (E.M.); (C.E.-H.); (A.C.)
- Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
- Department of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
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Embury-Hyatt C, Moffat E, Zhmendak D, Erdelyan CNG, Collignon B, Goonewardene K, Ambagala A, Yang M. Generation and characterization of a monoclonal antibody against an African swine fever virus protein encoded by the A137R gene. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1286906. [PMID: 37929283 PMCID: PMC10621787 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1286906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The ongoing African swine fever (ASF) pandemic continues to have a major impact on global pork production and trade. Since ASF cannot be distinguished from other swine hemorrhagic fevers clinically, ASF-specific laboratory diagnosis is critical. Thus ASF virus (ASFV)-specific monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are critical for the development of laboratory diagnostics. In this study, we report one ASFV-specific mAb, F88ASF-55, that was generated and characterized. This mAb recognizes the ASFV A137R-encoded protein (pA137R). Epitope mapping results revealed a highly conserved linear epitope recognized by this mAb, corresponding to amino acids 111-125 of pA137R. We explored the potential use of this mAb in diagnostic applications. Using F88ASF-55 as the detection antibody, six ASFV strains were detected in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) with low background. In immunohistochemistry (IHC) assays, this mAb specifically recognized ASFV antigens in the submandibular lymph nodes of animals experimentally infected with different ASFV strains. Although not all ASFV genotypes were tested in this study, based on the conserved ASFV epitope targeted by F88ASF-55, it has the potential to detect multiple ASFV genotypes. In conclusion, this newly generated ASFV pA137R-specific mAb has potential value in ASF diagnostic tool development. It can be used in ELISA, IHC, and possibly-immunochromatographic strip assays for ASFV detection. It also suggests that pA137R may be a good target for diagnostic assays to detect ASFV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Aruna Ambagala
- National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Ming Yang
- National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
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5
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Gary EN, Tursi NJ, Warner BM, Cuismano G, Connors J, Parzych EM, Griffin BD, Bell MR, Ali AR, Frase D, Hojecki CE, Canziani GA, Chaiken I, Kannan T, Moffat E, Embury-Hyatt C, Wooton SK, Kossenkov A, Patel A, Kobasa D, Kutzler MA, Haddad EK, Weiner DB. Adenosine deaminase augments SARS-CoV-2 specific cellular and humoral responses in aged mouse models of immunization and challenge. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1138609. [PMID: 36999023 PMCID: PMC10043169 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1138609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite numerous clinically available vaccines and therapeutics, aged patients remain at increased risk for COVID-19 morbidity. Furthermore, various patient populations, including the aged can have suboptimal responses to SARS-CoV-2 vaccine antigens. Here, we characterized vaccine-induced responses to SARS-CoV-2 synthetic DNA vaccine antigens in aged mice. Aged mice exhibited altered cellular responses, including decreased IFNγ secretion and increased TNFα and IL-4 secretion suggestive of TH2-skewed responses. Aged mice exhibited decreased total binding and neutralizing antibodies in their serum but significantly increased TH2-type antigen-specific IgG1 antibody compared to their young counterparts. Strategies to enhance vaccine-induced immune responses are important, especially in aged patient populations. We observed that co-immunization with plasmid-encoded adenosine deaminase (pADA)enhanced immune responses in young animals. Ageing is associated with decreases in ADA function and expression. Here, we report that co-immunization with pADA enhanced IFNγ secretion while decreasing TNFα and IL-4 secretion. pADA expanded the breadth and affinity SARS-CoV-2 spike-specific antibodies while supporting TH1-type humoral responses in aged mice. scRNAseq analysis of aged lymph nodes revealed that pADA co-immunization supported a TH1 gene profile and decreased FoxP3 gene expression. Upon challenge, pADA co-immunization decreased viral loads in aged mice. These data support the use of mice as a model for age-associated decreased vaccine immunogenicity and infection-mediated morbidity and mortality in the context of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines and provide support for the use of adenosine deaminase as a molecular adjuvant in immune-challenged populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebony N. Gary
- The Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Nicholas J. Tursi
- The Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Bryce M. Warner
- Special Pathogens Program, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Gina Cuismano
- The Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- The Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Jennifer Connors
- The Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- The Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Elizabeth M. Parzych
- The Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Bryan D. Griffin
- Special Pathogens Program, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Matthew R. Bell
- The Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- The Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Ali R. Ali
- The Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Drew Frase
- The Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Casey E. Hojecki
- The Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Gabriela A. Canziani
- The Department of Biochemistry, Drexel University college of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Irwin Chaiken
- The Department of Biochemistry, Drexel University college of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Toshitha Kannan
- The Genomics Core, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Estella Moffat
- National Center for Foreign Animal Disease, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Carissa Embury-Hyatt
- National Center for Foreign Animal Disease, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Sarah K. Wooton
- Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Andrew Kossenkov
- The Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- The Genomics Core, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Ami Patel
- The Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Darwyn Kobasa
- Special Pathogens Program, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Michele A. Kutzler
- The Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- The Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Elias K. Haddad
- The Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- The Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - David B. Weiner
- The Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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6
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Tailor N, Warner BM, Griffin BD, Tierney K, Moffat E, Frost K, Vendramelli R, Leung A, Willman M, Thomas SP, Pei Y, Booth SA, Embury-Hyatt C, Wootton SK, Kobasa D. Generation and Characterization of a SARS-CoV-2-Susceptible Mouse Model Using Adeno-Associated Virus (AAV6.2FF)-Mediated Respiratory Delivery of the Human ACE2 Gene. Viruses 2022; 15:85. [PMID: 36680125 PMCID: PMC9863330 DOI: 10.3390/v15010085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the aetiological agent of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) that has caused a pandemic with millions of human infections. There continues to be a pressing need to develop potential therapies and vaccines to inhibit SARS-CoV-2 infection to mitigate the ongoing pandemic. Epidemiological data from the current pandemic indicates that there may be sex-dependent differences in disease outcomes. To investigate these differences, we proposed to use common small animal species that are frequently used to model disease with viruses. However, common laboratory strains of mice are not readily infected by SARS-CoV-2 because of differences in the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), the cellular receptor for the virus. To overcome this limitation, we transduced common laboratory accessible strains of mice of different sexes and age groups with a novel a triple AAV6 mutant, termed AAV6.2FF, encoding either human ACE2 or luciferase via intranasal administration to promote expression in the lung and nasal turbinates. Infection of AAV-hACE2-transduced mice with SARS-CoV-2 resulted in high viral titers in the lungs and nasal turbinates, establishment of an IgM and IgG antibody response, and modulation of lung and nasal turbinate cytokine profiles. There were insignificant differences in infection characteristics between age groups and sex-related differences; however, there were significant strain-related differences between BALB/c vs. C57BL/6 mice. We show that AAV-hACE2-transduced mice are a useful for determining immune responses and for potential evaluation of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines and antiviral therapies, and this study serves as a model for the utility of this approach to rapidly develop small-animal models for emerging viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikesh Tailor
- Special Pathogens Program, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, 1015 Arlington Street, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3R2, Canada
| | - Bryce M. Warner
- Special Pathogens Program, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, 1015 Arlington Street, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3R2, Canada
| | - Bryan D. Griffin
- Special Pathogens Program, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, 1015 Arlington Street, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3R2, Canada
| | - Kevin Tierney
- Special Pathogens Program, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, 1015 Arlington Street, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3R2, Canada
| | - Estella Moffat
- National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, 1015 Arlington Street, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3M4, Canada
| | - Kathy Frost
- Molecular Pathobiology, National Microbiology Laboratory NML, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3R2, Canada
| | - Robert Vendramelli
- Special Pathogens Program, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, 1015 Arlington Street, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3R2, Canada
| | - Anders Leung
- Special Pathogens Program, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, 1015 Arlington Street, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3R2, Canada
| | - Marnie Willman
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Health Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, 745 Bannatyne Avenue, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0J9, Canada
| | - Sylvia P. Thomas
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Yanlong Pei
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Stephanie A. Booth
- Molecular Pathobiology, National Microbiology Laboratory NML, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3R2, Canada
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Health Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, 745 Bannatyne Avenue, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0J9, Canada
| | - Carissa Embury-Hyatt
- National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, 1015 Arlington Street, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3M4, Canada
| | - Sarah K. Wootton
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Darwyn Kobasa
- Special Pathogens Program, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, 1015 Arlington Street, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3R2, Canada
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Health Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, 745 Bannatyne Avenue, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0J9, Canada
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7
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Gary EN, Tursi NJ, Warner B, Parzych EM, Ali AR, Frase D, Moffat E, Embury-Hyatt C, Smith TRF, Broderick KE, Humeau L, Kobasa D, Patel A, Kulp DW, Weiner DB. Mucosal chemokine adjuvant enhances synDNA vaccine-mediated responses to SARS-CoV-2 and provides heterologous protection in vivo. Cell Rep Med 2022; 3:100693. [PMID: 35839767 PMCID: PMC9237025 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2022.100693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The global coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has claimed more than 5 million lives. Emerging variants of concern (VOCs) continually challenge viral control. Directing vaccine-induced humoral and cell-mediated responses to mucosal surfaces may enhance vaccine efficacy. Here we investigate the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of optimized synthetic DNA plasmids encoding wild-type severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) spike protein (pS) co-formulated with the plasmid-encoded mucosal chemokine cutaneous T cell-attracting chemokine (pCTACK; CCL27). pCTACK-co-immunized animals exhibit increased spike-specific antibodies at the mucosal surface and increased frequencies of interferon gamma (IFNγ)+ CD8+ T cells in the respiratory mucosa. pCTACK co-immunization confers 100% protection from heterologous Delta VOC challenge. This study shows that mucosal chemokine adjuvants can direct vaccine-induced responses to specific immunological sites and have significant effects on heterologous challenge. Further study of this unique chemokine-adjuvanted vaccine approach in the context of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines is likely important.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebony N Gary
- The Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Nicholas J Tursi
- The Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Bryce Warner
- Special Pathogens Program, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Elizabeth M Parzych
- The Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ali R Ali
- The Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Drew Frase
- The Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Estella Moffat
- National Center for Foreign Animal Disease (NCFAD), Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Carissa Embury-Hyatt
- National Center for Foreign Animal Disease (NCFAD), Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | | | | | | | - Darwyn Kobasa
- Special Pathogens Program, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MB, Canada; Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Ami Patel
- The Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Daniel W Kulp
- The Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - David B Weiner
- The Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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8
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Griffin BD, Warner BM, Chan M, Valcourt E, Tailor N, Banadyga L, Leung A, He S, Boese AS, Audet J, Cao W, Moffat E, Garnett L, Tierney K, Tran KN, Albietz A, Manguiat K, Soule G, Bello A, Vendramelli R, Lin J, Deschambault Y, Zhu W, Wood H, Mubareka S, Safronetz D, Strong JE, Embury-Hyatt C, Kobasa D. Host parameters and mode of infection influence outcome in SARS-CoV-2-infected hamsters. iScience 2021; 24:103530. [PMID: 34870132 PMCID: PMC8627009 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.103530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The golden hamster model of SARS-CoV-2 infection recapitulates key characteristics of COVID-19. In this work we examined the influence of the route of exposure, sex, and age on SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis in hamsters. We report that delivery of SARS-CoV-2 by a low- versus high-volume intranasal or intragastric route results in comparable viral titers in the lung and viral shedding. However, low-volume intranasal exposure results in milder weight loss, whereas intragastric exposure leads to a diminished capacity to regain body weight. Male hamsters, and particularly older male hamsters, display an impaired capacity to recover from illness and delayed viral clearance. These factors were found to influence the nature of the host inflammatory cytokine response but had a minimal effect on the quality and durability of the humoral immune response and susceptibility to re-infection. These data further elucidate key factors that impact pre-clinical challenge studies carried out in the hamster model of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan D. Griffin
- Zoonotic Diseases and Special Pathogens Division, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, 1015 Arlington Street, Winnipeg R3E 3R2, MB, Canada
| | - Bryce M. Warner
- Zoonotic Diseases and Special Pathogens Division, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, 1015 Arlington Street, Winnipeg R3E 3R2, MB, Canada
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, College of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, 745 Bannatyne Avenue, Winnipeg R3E 0J9, MB, Canada
| | - Mable Chan
- Zoonotic Diseases and Special Pathogens Division, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, 1015 Arlington Street, Winnipeg R3E 3R2, MB, Canada
| | - Emelissa Valcourt
- Zoonotic Diseases and Special Pathogens Division, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, 1015 Arlington Street, Winnipeg R3E 3R2, MB, Canada
| | - Nikesh Tailor
- Zoonotic Diseases and Special Pathogens Division, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, 1015 Arlington Street, Winnipeg R3E 3R2, MB, Canada
| | - Logan Banadyga
- Zoonotic Diseases and Special Pathogens Division, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, 1015 Arlington Street, Winnipeg R3E 3R2, MB, Canada
| | - Anders Leung
- Zoonotic Diseases and Special Pathogens Division, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, 1015 Arlington Street, Winnipeg R3E 3R2, MB, Canada
| | - Shihua He
- Zoonotic Diseases and Special Pathogens Division, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, 1015 Arlington Street, Winnipeg R3E 3R2, MB, Canada
| | - Amrit S. Boese
- Zoonotic Diseases and Special Pathogens Division, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, 1015 Arlington Street, Winnipeg R3E 3R2, MB, Canada
| | - Jonathan Audet
- Zoonotic Diseases and Special Pathogens Division, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, 1015 Arlington Street, Winnipeg R3E 3R2, MB, Canada
| | - Wenguang Cao
- Zoonotic Diseases and Special Pathogens Division, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, 1015 Arlington Street, Winnipeg R3E 3R2, MB, Canada
| | - Estella Moffat
- National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, 1015 Arlington Street, Winnipeg R3E 3M4, MB, Canada
| | - Lauren Garnett
- Zoonotic Diseases and Special Pathogens Division, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, 1015 Arlington Street, Winnipeg R3E 3R2, MB, Canada
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, College of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, 745 Bannatyne Avenue, Winnipeg R3E 0J9, MB, Canada
| | - Kevin Tierney
- Zoonotic Diseases and Special Pathogens Division, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, 1015 Arlington Street, Winnipeg R3E 3R2, MB, Canada
| | - Kaylie N. Tran
- Zoonotic Diseases and Special Pathogens Division, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, 1015 Arlington Street, Winnipeg R3E 3R2, MB, Canada
| | - Alixandra Albietz
- Zoonotic Diseases and Special Pathogens Division, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, 1015 Arlington Street, Winnipeg R3E 3R2, MB, Canada
| | - Kathy Manguiat
- Zoonotic Diseases and Special Pathogens Division, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, 1015 Arlington Street, Winnipeg R3E 3R2, MB, Canada
| | - Geoff Soule
- Zoonotic Diseases and Special Pathogens Division, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, 1015 Arlington Street, Winnipeg R3E 3R2, MB, Canada
| | - Alexander Bello
- Zoonotic Diseases and Special Pathogens Division, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, 1015 Arlington Street, Winnipeg R3E 3R2, MB, Canada
| | - Robert Vendramelli
- Zoonotic Diseases and Special Pathogens Division, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, 1015 Arlington Street, Winnipeg R3E 3R2, MB, Canada
| | - Jessica Lin
- Zoonotic Diseases and Special Pathogens Division, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, 1015 Arlington Street, Winnipeg R3E 3R2, MB, Canada
| | - Yvon Deschambault
- Zoonotic Diseases and Special Pathogens Division, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, 1015 Arlington Street, Winnipeg R3E 3R2, MB, Canada
| | - Wenjun Zhu
- Zoonotic Diseases and Special Pathogens Division, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, 1015 Arlington Street, Winnipeg R3E 3R2, MB, Canada
| | - Heidi Wood
- Zoonotic Diseases and Special Pathogens Division, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, 1015 Arlington Street, Winnipeg R3E 3R2, MB, Canada
| | - Samira Mubareka
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada
- Biological Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto M4N 3M5, ON, Canada
| | - David Safronetz
- Zoonotic Diseases and Special Pathogens Division, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, 1015 Arlington Street, Winnipeg R3E 3R2, MB, Canada
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, College of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, 745 Bannatyne Avenue, Winnipeg R3E 0J9, MB, Canada
| | - James E. Strong
- Zoonotic Diseases and Special Pathogens Division, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, 1015 Arlington Street, Winnipeg R3E 3R2, MB, Canada
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, College of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, 745 Bannatyne Avenue, Winnipeg R3E 0J9, MB, Canada
- Pediatrics & Child Health, College of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, 745 Bannatyne Avenue, Winnipeg R3E 0J9, MB, Canada
| | - Carissa Embury-Hyatt
- National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, 1015 Arlington Street, Winnipeg R3E 3M4, MB, Canada
| | - Darwyn Kobasa
- Zoonotic Diseases and Special Pathogens Division, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, 1015 Arlington Street, Winnipeg R3E 3R2, MB, Canada
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, College of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, 745 Bannatyne Avenue, Winnipeg R3E 0J9, MB, Canada
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9
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Griffin BD, Chan M, Tailor N, Mendoza EJ, Leung A, Warner BM, Duggan AT, Moffat E, He S, Garnett L, Tran KN, Banadyga L, Albietz A, Tierney K, Audet J, Bello A, Vendramelli R, Boese AS, Fernando L, Lindsay LR, Jardine CM, Wood H, Poliquin G, Strong JE, Drebot M, Safronetz D, Embury-Hyatt C, Kobasa D. SARS-CoV-2 infection and transmission in the North American deer mouse. Nat Commun 2021; 12:3612. [PMID: 34127676 PMCID: PMC8203675 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-23848-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Widespread circulation of SARS-CoV-2 in humans raises the theoretical risk of reverse zoonosis events with wildlife, reintroductions of SARS-CoV-2 into permissive nondomesticated animals. Here we report that North American deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus) are susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection following intranasal exposure to a human isolate, resulting in viral replication in the upper and lower respiratory tract with little or no signs of disease. Further, shed infectious virus is detectable in nasal washes, oropharyngeal and rectal swabs, and viral RNA is detectable in feces and occasionally urine. We further show that deer mice are capable of transmitting SARS-CoV-2 to naïve deer mice through direct contact. The extent to which these observations may translate to wild deer mouse populations remains unclear, and the risk of reverse zoonosis and/or the potential for the establishment of Peromyscus rodents as a North American reservoir for SARS-CoV-2 remains unknown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan D Griffin
- Zoonotic Diseases and Special Pathogens Division, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Mable Chan
- Zoonotic Diseases and Special Pathogens Division, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Nikesh Tailor
- Zoonotic Diseases and Special Pathogens Division, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Emelissa J Mendoza
- Zoonotic Diseases and Special Pathogens Division, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Anders Leung
- Zoonotic Diseases and Special Pathogens Division, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Bryce M Warner
- Zoonotic Diseases and Special Pathogens Division, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, College of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Ana T Duggan
- Science Technology Cores and Services, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Estella Moffat
- National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Shihua He
- Zoonotic Diseases and Special Pathogens Division, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Lauren Garnett
- Zoonotic Diseases and Special Pathogens Division, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, College of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Kaylie N Tran
- Zoonotic Diseases and Special Pathogens Division, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Logan Banadyga
- Zoonotic Diseases and Special Pathogens Division, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Alixandra Albietz
- Zoonotic Diseases and Special Pathogens Division, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Kevin Tierney
- Zoonotic Diseases and Special Pathogens Division, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Jonathan Audet
- Zoonotic Diseases and Special Pathogens Division, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Alexander Bello
- Zoonotic Diseases and Special Pathogens Division, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Robert Vendramelli
- Zoonotic Diseases and Special Pathogens Division, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Amrit S Boese
- Zoonotic Diseases and Special Pathogens Division, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Lisa Fernando
- Zoonotic Diseases and Special Pathogens Division, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - L Robbin Lindsay
- Zoonotic Diseases and Special Pathogens Division, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- Department of Entomology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Claire M Jardine
- Department of Pathobiology, Canadian Wildlife Health Cooperative, Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Heidi Wood
- Zoonotic Diseases and Special Pathogens Division, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Guillaume Poliquin
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, College of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- Pediatrics & Child Health, College of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- Office of the Scientific Director, National Microbiology Laboratories, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - James E Strong
- Zoonotic Diseases and Special Pathogens Division, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, College of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- Pediatrics & Child Health, College of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Michael Drebot
- Zoonotic Diseases and Special Pathogens Division, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, College of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - David Safronetz
- Zoonotic Diseases and Special Pathogens Division, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, College of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Carissa Embury-Hyatt
- National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Darwyn Kobasa
- Zoonotic Diseases and Special Pathogens Division, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, College of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.
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10
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Ambagala A, Schwantje H, Laurendeau S, Snyman H, Joseph T, Pickering B, Hooper-McGrevy K, Babiuk S, Moffat E, Lamboo L, Lung O, Goolia M, Pinette M, Embury-Hyatt C. Incursions of rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus 2 in Canada-Clinical, molecular and epidemiological investigation. Transbound Emerg Dis 2021; 68:1711-1720. [PMID: 33915034 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.14128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus 2 (RHDV2) is a newly emerging Lagovirus belonging to the family Caliciviridae. After its first discovery in 2010 in France, this highly pathogenic virus rapidly spread to neighbouring countries and has become the dominant strain, replacing the classical RHDV strains. RHDV2 was first reported in North America in 2016 in Mont-Joli, Quebec, Canada, and it was reported again in 2018 and 2019 on Vancouver Island and the southwest mainland of British Columbia (BC). The whole genome sequence of the RHDV2 Quebec isolate resembled the 2011 RHDV2-N11 isolate from Navarra, Spain with 97% identity at the nucleotide level. The epidemiological investigation related to this outbreak involved three hobby farms and one personal residence in Quebec. In February 2018, high mortality was reported in a large colony of feral rabbits on the Vancouver Island University Campus, Nanaimo, BC. The virus identified showed only 93% identity to the Quebec RHDV2 isolate at the nucleotide level. Additional cases of RHDV2 on Vancouver Island and on the BC mainland affecting feral and captive domestic, and commercial rabbits were reported subsequently. Vaccination was recommended to control the outbreak and an inactivated bivalent vaccine was made available to the private veterinary practices. In June 2019, an isolated RHDV2 outbreak was reported in pet rabbits in an apartment building in Vancouver, BC. This virus showed only 97% identity to the RHDV2 isolates responsible for the BC outbreak in 2018 at the nucleotide level, suggesting that it was an independent incursion. The outbreak in BC killed a large number of feral European rabbits; however, there were no confirmed cases of RHD in native rabbit species in BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aruna Ambagala
- National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Helen Schwantje
- British Columbia Ministry of Forests, Natural Resource Operations and Rural Development, Nanaimo, BC, Canada
| | - Sonja Laurendeau
- Animal Health-Traceability and Terrestrial Animal Disease Control, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Heindrich Snyman
- Animal Health Centre, Ministry of Agriculture, Abbotsford, BC, Canada
| | - Tomy Joseph
- Animal Health Centre, Ministry of Agriculture, Abbotsford, BC, Canada
| | - Bradley Pickering
- National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Kathleen Hooper-McGrevy
- National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Shawn Babiuk
- National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Estella Moffat
- National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Lindsey Lamboo
- National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Oliver Lung
- National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Melissa Goolia
- National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Mathieu Pinette
- National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Carissa Embury-Hyatt
- National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
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11
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Pickering BS, Smith G, Pinette MM, Embury-Hyatt C, Moffat E, Marszal P, Lewis CE. Susceptibility of Domestic Swine to Experimental Infection with Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2. Emerg Infect Dis 2021; 27:104-112. [PMID: 33350904 PMCID: PMC7774549 DOI: 10.3201/eid2701.203399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the agent that causes coronavirus disease, has been shown to infect several species. The role of domestic livestock and associated risks for humans in close contact with food production animals remains unknown for many species. Determining the susceptibility of pigs to SARS-CoV-2 is critical to a One Health approach to manage potential risk for zoonotic transmission. We found that pigs are susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 after oronasal inoculation. Among 16 animals, we detected viral RNA in group oral fluids and in nasal wash from 2 pigs, but live virus was isolated from only 1 pig. Antibodies also were detected in only 2 animals at 11 and 13 days postinoculation but were detected in oral fluid samples at 6 days postinoculation, indicating antibody secretion. These data highlight the need for additional livestock assessment to determine the potential role of domestic animals in the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic.
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Kasloff SB, Leung A, Pickering BS, Smith G, Moffat E, Collignon B, Embury-Hyatt C, Kobasa D, Weingartl HM. Pathogenicity of Nipah henipavirus Bangladesh in a swine host. Sci Rep 2019; 9:5230. [PMID: 30914663 PMCID: PMC6435791 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-40476-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In 1998 an outbreak of fatal encephalitis among pig farm workers in Malaysia and Singapore led to the discovery of Nipah henipavirus (NiV), a novel paramyxovirus closely related to Hendra henipavirus with case fatality rates of nearly 40%. Following its initial emergence nearly annual outbreaks of NiV have occurred in Bangladesh with a different, NiV Bangladesh, genotype, where the role of pigs in its transmission remains unknown. The present study provides the first report on susceptibility of domestic pigs to NiV Bangladesh following experimental infection, characterizing acute and long-term phases of disease and pathogenesis. All pigs were successfully infected with NiV Bangladesh following oronasal inoculation, with viral shedding confirmed by a novel genotype-specific qRT-PCR in oral, nasal and rectal excretions and dissemination from the upper respiratory tract to the brain, lungs, and associated lymphatic tissues. Unlike previous NiV Malaysia findings in pigs, clinical signs were absent, viremia was undetectable throughout the study, and only low level neutralizing antibody titers were measured by 28/29 days post-NiV-B infection. Results obtained highlight the need for continued and enhanced NiV surveillance in pigs in endemic and at-risk regions, and raise questions regarding applicability of current serological assays to detect animals with previous NiV-B exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- S B Kasloff
- National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.
- National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.
| | - A Leung
- National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - B S Pickering
- National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - G Smith
- National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - E Moffat
- National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - B Collignon
- National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - C Embury-Hyatt
- National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - D Kobasa
- National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - H M Weingartl
- National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.
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Kroeker AL, Smid V, Embury-Hyatt C, Moffat E, Collignon B, Lung O, Lindsay R, Weingartl H. RVFV Infection in Goats by Different Routes of Inoculation. Viruses 2018; 10:v10120709. [PMID: 30545088 PMCID: PMC6316315 DOI: 10.3390/v10120709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Revised: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) is a zoonotic arbovirus of the Phenuiviridae family. Infection causes abortions in pregnant animals, high mortality in neonate animals, and mild to severe symptoms in both people and animals. There is currently an ongoing effort to produce safe and efficacious veterinary vaccines against RVFV in livestock to protect against both primary infection in animals and zoonotic infections in people. To test the efficacy of these vaccines, it is essential to have a reliable challenge model in relevant target species, including ruminants. We evaluated two goat breeds (Nubian and LaMancha), three routes of inoculation (intranasal, mosquito-primed subcutaneous, and subcutaneous) using an infectious dose of 107 pfu/mL, a virus strain from the 2006–2007 Kenyan/Sudan outbreak and compared the effect of using virus stocks produced in either mammalian or mosquito cells. Our results demonstrated that the highest and longest viremia titers were achieved in Nubian goats. The Nubian breed was also efficient at producing clinical signs, consistent viremia (peak viremia: 1.2 × 103–1.0 × 105 pfu/mL serum), nasal and oral shedding of viral RNA (1.5 × 101–8 × 106 genome copies/swab), a systemic infection of tissues, and robust antibody responses regardless of the inoculation route. The Nubian goat breed and a needle-free intranasal inoculation technique could both be utilized in future vaccine and challenge studies. These studies are important for preventing the spread and outbreak of zoonotic viruses like RVFV and are supported by the Canadian-led BSL4ZNet network.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Valerie Smid
- Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3M4, Canada.
| | | | - Estella Moffat
- Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3M4, Canada.
| | - Brad Collignon
- Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3M4, Canada.
| | - Oliver Lung
- Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3M4, Canada.
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada.
| | - Robbin Lindsay
- Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3M4, Canada.
- Department of Entomology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada.
| | - Hana Weingartl
- Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3M4, Canada.
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0J9, Canada.
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Fornara F, Ariccio S, Rioux L, Moffat E, Mariette JY, Bonnes M, Bonaiuto M. Vérification de la structure factorielle et de la fiabilité des preqis en France et test d’un modèle de prédiction de l’attachement au quartier : une étude sur un échantillon parisien. PRAT PSYCHOL 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prps.2017.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Abstract
The Angolan strain of Marburg virus (MARV/Ang) can cause lethal disease in humans with a case fatality rate of up to 90%, but infection of immunocompetent rodents do not result in any observable symptoms. Our previous work includes the development and characterization of a MARV/Ang variant that can cause lethal disease in mice (MARV/Ang-MA), with the aim of using this tool to screen for promising prophylactic and therapeutic candidates. An intermediate animal model is needed to confirm any findings from mice studies before testing in the gold-standard non-human primate (NHP) model. In this study, we serially passaged the clinical isolate of MARV/Ang in the livers and spleens of guinea pigs until a variant emerged that causes 100% lethality in guinea pigs (MARV/Ang-GA). Animals infected with MARV/Ang-GA showed signs of filovirus infection including lymphocytopenia, thrombocytopenia, and high viremia leading to spread to major organs, including the liver, spleen, lungs, and kidneys. The MARV/Ang-GA guinea pigs died between 7–9 days after infection, and the LD50 was calculated to be 1.1×10–1 TCID50 (median tissue culture infective dose). Mutations in MARV/Ang-GA were identified and compared to sequences of known rodent-adapted MARV/Ang variants, which may benefit future studies characterizing important host adaptation sites in the MARV/Ang viral genome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary Wong
- Special Pathogens Program, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 3R2, Canada.,Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Immunity, State Key Discipline of Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Shenzhen Guangzhou 518020, China.,Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.,Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 0J9, Canada
| | - Wen-Guang Cao
- Special Pathogens Program, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 3R2, Canada.,Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 0J9, Canada
| | - Shi-Hua He
- Special Pathogens Program, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 3R2, Canada
| | - Zi-Rui Zhang
- Special Pathogens Program, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 3R2, Canada.,Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 0J9, Canada
| | - Wen-Jun Zhu
- Special Pathogens Program, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 3R2, Canada.,Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 0J9, Canada
| | - Estella Moffat
- National Center for Foreign Animal Disease, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Winnipeg R3E 3M4, Canada
| | - Hideki Ebihara
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA
| | - Carissa Embury-Hyatt
- National Center for Foreign Animal Disease, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Winnipeg R3E 3M4, Canada
| | - Xiang-Guo Qiu
- Special Pathogens Program, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 3R2, Canada. .,Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 0J9, Canada
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Wong G, Qiu X, de La Vega MA, Fernando L, Wei H, Bello A, Fausther-Bovendo H, Audet J, Kroeker A, Kozak R, Tran K, He S, Tierney K, Soule G, Moffat E, Günther S, Gao GF, Strong J, Embury-Hyatt C, Kobinger G. Pathogenicity Comparison Between the Kikwit and Makona Ebola Virus Variants in Rhesus Macaques. J Infect Dis 2016; 214:S281-S289. [PMID: 27651412 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiw267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Enhanced virulence and/or transmission of West African Ebola virus (EBOV) variants, which are divergent from their Central African counterparts, are suspected to have contributed to the sizable toll of the recent Ebola virus disease (EVD) outbreak. This study evaluated the pathogenicity and shedding in rhesus macaques infected with 1 of 2 West African isolates (EBOV-C05 or EBOV-C07) or a Central African isolate (EBOV-K). All animals infected with EBOV-C05 or EBOV-C07 died of EVD, whereas 2 of 3 EBOV-K-infected animals died. The viremia level was elevated 10-fold in EBOV-C05-infected animals, compared with EBOV-C07- or EBOV-K-infected animals. More-severe lung pathology was observed in 2 of 6 EBOV-C05/C07-infected macaques. This is the first detailed analysis of the recently circulating EBOV-C05/C07 in direct comparison to EBOV-K with 6 animals per group, and it showed that EBOV-C05 but not EBOV-C07 can replicate at higher levels and cause more tissue damage in some animals. Increased virus shedding from individuals who are especially susceptible to EBOV replication is possibly one of the many challenges facing the community of healthcare and policy-making responders since the beginning of the outbreak.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary Wong
- Special Pathogens Program, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada Department of Medical Microbiology CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing
| | - Xiangguo Qiu
- Special Pathogens Program, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada Department of Medical Microbiology
| | - Marc-Antoine de La Vega
- Special Pathogens Program, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada Department of Immunology, University of Manitoba
| | - Lisa Fernando
- Special Pathogens Program, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada
| | - Haiyan Wei
- Special Pathogens Program, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada
| | - Alexander Bello
- Special Pathogens Program, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada Department of Medical Microbiology
| | | | - Jonathan Audet
- Special Pathogens Program, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada Department of Medical Microbiology
| | - Andrea Kroeker
- Special Pathogens Program, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada
| | - Robert Kozak
- Special Pathogens Program, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada
| | - Kaylie Tran
- Special Pathogens Program, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada
| | - Shihua He
- Special Pathogens Program, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada
| | - Kevin Tierney
- Special Pathogens Program, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada
| | - Geoff Soule
- Special Pathogens Program, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada
| | - Estella Moffat
- National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Stephan Günther
- Bernhard-Nocht-Institute for Tropical Medicine, World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Arboviruses and Hemorrhagic Fever Reference and Research, Hamburg, Germany
| | - George F Gao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing
| | - Jim Strong
- Special Pathogens Program, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada
| | - Carissa Embury-Hyatt
- National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Gary Kobinger
- Special Pathogens Program, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada Department of Medical Microbiology Department of Immunology, University of Manitoba Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia
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Manning L, O'Rourke KI, Knowles DP, Marsh SA, Spencer YI, Moffat E, Wells GAH, Czub S. A Collaborative Canadian-United Kingdom Evaluation of an Immunohistochemistry Protocol to Diagnose Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy. J Vet Diagn Invest 2008; 20:504-8. [DOI: 10.1177/104063870802000416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Collaboration was established in 2001 to evaluate a commercially available immunohistochemistry assay kit for the detection of bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) disease-associated prion protein in formic acid-treated formalin-fixed samples of bovine brain. The kit protocol was evaluated at the National Centre for Foreign Animal Diseases (Winnipeg, Canada) and the Veterinary Laboratories Agency (Weybridge, U.K.). The U.K. laboratory provided paraffin-embedded blocks of brainstem (medulla oblongata at the level of the obex) from 100 positive cases defined by clinical signs and histopathology, and 100 clinically suspect but BSE-negative samples defined by histopathology and immunohistochemistry with anti-PrP monoclonal antibody R145. The Canadian laboratory provided 400 blocks from surveillance cases defined as clinically suspect but negative by histopathology and immunohistochemistry with anti-PrP antibody 6H4. Consecutive sections from each block were cut and coded. Each set of 600 slides was immunolabeled and read in each laboratory. Evaluation parameters included estimates of diagnostic sensitivity and specificity and reproducibility of the results. The kit performed with 100% sensitivity, specificity, and reproducibility in spite of minor differences between the laboratories in brain sample areas, fixation and processing, and in the immunolabeling protocol. Although enzyme linked immunosorbent assays are widely used in high throughput surveillance programs, standardized protocols and reagents for manual immunohistochemistry provide a useful adjunct to surveillance efforts, particularly in laboratories testing small numbers of samples or using immunohistochemistry for confirmation and characterization of BSE cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Manning
- National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Katherine I. O'Rourke
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Animal Disease Research Unit, Pullman, WA
| | - Donald P. Knowles
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Animal Disease Research Unit, Pullman, WA
| | - Sarah A. Marsh
- Veterinary Laboratories Agency, New Haw, Addlestone, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Yvonne I. Spencer
- Veterinary Laboratories Agency, New Haw, Addlestone, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Estella Moffat
- National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Gerald A. H. Wells
- Veterinary Laboratories Agency, New Haw, Addlestone, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Stefanie Czub
- National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
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Grundy CB, Thomas F, Millar DS, Krawczak M, Melissari E, Lindo V, Moffat E, Kakkar VV, Cooper DN. Recurrent deletion in the human antithrombin III gene. Blood 1991; 78:1027-32. [PMID: 1868237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Eight unrelated patients with recurrent thromboembolism, a family history of thrombosis, and plasma antithrombin III (ATIII) activity/antigen levels consistent with a diagnosis of heterozygous type I ATIII deficiency were studied by polymerase chain reaction/direct sequencing of ATIII gene exon-coding regions. Frameshift mutations of one base and two bases, respectively, were found to have occurred in two unrelated patients at the same GAG codon (Glu 245) within exon 4 of the ATIII gene. A literature search showed six further hitherto unrecognized deletion "hotspots" in four other human genes. These deletion-prone sites exhibited sufficient sequence homology with each other to derive a consensus sequence (T G A/G A/G G A/C), suggesting that deletion in human genes may not only be non-random but also sequence-directed.
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Affiliation(s)
- C B Grundy
- Charter Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Thrombosis Research Institute, Chelsea, London, UK
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