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Coutinho LB, de Oliveira MC, Araujo ECB, França FBF, Almeida MPO, Cariaco Y, Czarnewski P, Silva NM. Both C57BL/KsJ (H2 d haplotype) and CB10-H2 (H2 b haplotype) mice are highly susceptible to congenital toxoplasmosis. Acta Trop 2023; 248:107022. [PMID: 37716667 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2023.107022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/18/2023]
Abstract
Congenital toxoplasmosis may cause abortion, neonatal death, or foetal abnormalities. Despite little information from human studies, a genetic influence over congenital disease was demonstrated and, host genome have been implicated to resistance/susceptibility to Toxoplasma gondii infection in both human and mice. It was previously shown that BALB/c mice (H2d) were more resistant to congenital toxoplasmosis than C57BL/6 mice (H2b). However, it is unclear whether these differences are attributable to the MHC haplotype or to other components of the mouse's genetic background. Therefore, in this work, we intend to address this question by investigating the pregnancy outcome in H2d -congenic C57BL/6 mice (C57BL/KsJ-H2d) and H2b-congenic BALB/c mice (CB10-H2-H2b). For this, animals were infected by intragastric route on the first day of pregnancy and examined on days 8 (8dP/8dI) or 18 (18dP/18dI) of gestation and infection. The pregnancy outcome, parasite burden, systemic cytokine profile and antibody response to infection were evaluated. Infected mice showed adverse pregnancy outcomes, in parallel low parasite detection in the uterus/placenta, being that the C57BL/KsJ showed the worst results in relation to CB10-H2 mice. Both mouse lineages showed an increase in IFN-γ and TNF levels systemically on 8dP/8dI and on 18dP/18dI, and C57BL/KsJ showed an increase in IL-6 levels in both gestation/infection periods. Additionally, C57BL/KsJ showed 7- and 7-fold increase in IL-6, 4- and 2.5-fold increase in IFN-γ and, 6- and 4-fold increase in TNF production on 8dP/8dI and 18dP/18dI, respectively in association with 1.5-fold decrease in TGF-β levels on 8dP/8dI compared to CB10-H2 mice. In conclusion, the high IFN-γ and TNF serum levels observed in C57BL/KsJ (H2d) and CB10-H2 (H2b) mice were involved in the poor pregnancy outcomes in congenital toxoplasmosis. In addition, the higher IFN-γ, IL-6 and TNF levels detected in C57BL/KsJ in relation to CB10-H2 mice on 8dP/8dI seem to be related to the genetic background of C57BL/6J mice that may have contributed to the worse pregnancy outcome in this mouse lineage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loyane Bertagnolli Coutinho
- Laboratory of Immunopathology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Mário Cézar de Oliveira
- Laboratory of Immunopathology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Ester Cristina Borges Araujo
- Laboratory of Immunopathology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Flávia Batista Ferreira França
- Laboratory of Immunopathology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Marcos Paulo Oliveira Almeida
- Laboratory of Immunopathology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Yusmaris Cariaco
- Laboratory of Immunopathology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Paulo Czarnewski
- Laboratory of Immunopathology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Present address: Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, National Bioinformatics Infrastructure Sweden, Stockholm University, Solna, Sweden
| | - Neide Maria Silva
- Laboratory of Immunopathology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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Dos Santos EH, Barreira GA, Yamamoto L, Rocha MC, Rodrigues KA, Cruz MCP, Kanunfre KA, Okay TS. New Allele-Specific Oligonucleotide (ASO) amplifications for Toxoplasma gondii rop18 allele typing: Analysis of 86 human congenital infections in Brazil. Acta Trop 2023; 247:107011. [PMID: 37652181 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2023.107011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to detect and differentiate Toxoplasma gondii by the allele typing of its polymorphic rop18 gene. For this purpose, a novel genotyping system using allele-specific oligonucleotides (ASOs) was designed, consisting of three ASO pairs. The first and third pairs specifically amplify rop18 allele I and allele III, while the second pair amplify both allele I and II. Genomic DNA from 86 congenital infections was analyzed by ASO-PCRs, successfully typing 82 (95.35%) samples. The remaining 4 samples (4.65%) required sequencing and single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) analysis of the amplification products. The distribution of samples according to rop18 alleles was: 39.5% of allele III, 38.4% of allele II, 19.8% of mixed rop18 alleles (I/III or II/III), and 2.3% of allele I. The six severely compromised infants exhibited the highest parasite load levels and were infected during the first and early second trimesters of pregnancy. Among these cases, two were associated with rop18 allele I parasites, two with mixed rop18 alleles (I/III), one with allele II, and one with allele III parasites. In conclusion, all severe cases of congenital toxoplasmosis were infected during early pregnancy, but they were not exclusively associated with rop18 allele I parasites, as observed in murine toxoplasmosis. Furthermore, nearly one-fifth of parasites were non-archetypal, exhibiting more than one rop18 allele, indicating a higher genetic diversity of Toxoplasma gondii in this South American sample. Overall, a robust T. gondii rop18 allele typing was developed and suggested that congenital toxoplasmosis in humans involves complex mechanisms beyond the parasite genotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilly Henrique Dos Santos
- Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, Brasil; Departamento de Pediatria, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Gabriel Acca Barreira
- Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, Brasil; Faculdade Israelita de Ciências da Saúde Albert Einstein (FICSAE), São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Lidia Yamamoto
- Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Mussya Cisotto Rocha
- Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Karen Alessandra Rodrigues
- Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, Brasil; Departamento de Pediatria, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, Brasil
| | | | | | - Thelma Suely Okay
- Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, Brasil; Departamento de Pediatria, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, Brasil.
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Brenier-Pinchart MP, Varlet-Marie E, Robert-Gangneux F, Filisetti D, Guitard J, Sterkers Y, Yera H, Pelloux H, Bastien P. Impact of pre-analytic step duration on molecular diagnosis of toxoplasmosis for five types of biological samples. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0246802. [PMID: 33596222 PMCID: PMC7888589 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0246802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Toxoplasma-PCR is essential to diagnose ocular, cerebral, disseminated and congenital toxoplasmosis. This multicenter study evaluated the impact of sample storage duration at +4°C on PCR assay performances in order to propose guidelines for the storage of samples during shipment or/and before PCR. Materials and methods Five matrices, amniotic (AF), cerebrospinal (CSF), and bronchoalveolar lavage fluids (BALF), whole blood (WB) and buffy coat (BC), were artificially spiked with different amounts of Toxoplasma gondii (20, 100, 500 tachyzoites per mL of sample) or with previously infected THP1 cells. DNA extractions were performed at day 0 and after 2, 4 and 7 days of storage at +4°C. Each extract was amplified at least twice by real-time PCR. Results A total of 252 spiked samples was studied. No increase of crossing point was observed and all samples were positive for AF, BALF, BC and infected THP1-spiked WB after up to 7 days at 4°C. For CSF spiked with 20 parasites/mL, only 50% of PCR reactions were positive at D7 (p<0.05). For WB spiked with type II parasites, all reactions remained positive at D7 but amplifications were significantly delayed from D2; and for WB spiked with RH strain, the proportion of positive reactions decreased at D7. Conclusion The storage of clinical samples at +4°C is compatible with the molecular detection of T. gondii parasites. Provided that PCR assays are performed in duplicate, storage of samples is possible up to 7 days. However, from the fifth day onwards, and for samples susceptible to contain low parasitic loads, we recommend to perform the PCR in multiplicate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Pierre Brenier-Pinchart
- Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, CHU Grenoble Alpes et Institut pour l’Avancée des Biosciences (IAB), INSERM U1209-CNRS UMR 5309, Université Grenoble Alpes Grenoble, Grenoble, France
- Centre National de Référence Toxoplasmose-Pôle Biologie Moléculaire, France
- * E-mail:
| | - Emmanuelle Varlet-Marie
- Centre National de Référence Toxoplasmose-Pôle Biologie Moléculaire, France
- Université de Montpellier et Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Florence Robert-Gangneux
- Centre National de Référence Toxoplasmose-Pôle Biologie Moléculaire, France
- CHU Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de Recherche en Santé Environnement Travail), UMR_S 1085, Université de Rennes, Rennes, France
| | - Denis Filisetti
- Centre National de Référence Toxoplasmose-Pôle Biologie Moléculaire, France
- Institut de Parasitologie et de Pathologie Tropicale, Université de Strasbourg et Laboratoire de Parasitologie et Mycologie Médicale, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Juliette Guitard
- Centre National de Référence Toxoplasmose-Pôle Biologie Moléculaire, France
- Inserm, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, CRSA, AP-HP, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Yvon Sterkers
- Centre National de Référence Toxoplasmose-Pôle Biologie Moléculaire, France
- CNRS, IRD, CHU de Montpellier, "MiVEGEC" et Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Hélène Yera
- Centre National de Référence Toxoplasmose-Pôle Biologie Moléculaire, France
- Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Hôpital Cochin, Université de Paris, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Hervé Pelloux
- Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, CHU Grenoble Alpes et Institut pour l’Avancée des Biosciences (IAB), INSERM U1209-CNRS UMR 5309, Université Grenoble Alpes Grenoble, Grenoble, France
- Centre National de Référence Toxoplasmose-Pôle Biologie Moléculaire, France
| | - Patrick Bastien
- Centre National de Référence Toxoplasmose-Pôle Biologie Moléculaire, France
- CNRS, IRD, CHU de Montpellier, "MiVEGEC" et Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
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Storchilo HR, Rezende HHA, Gomes TC, de Souza JY, Gomes AR, Avelino MM, do Amaral WN, de Castro AM. Basic heel prick test: inclusion of screening, diagnosis and criteria for early confirmation of congenital infection by Toxoplasma gondii. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo 2019; 61:e30. [PMID: 31241659 PMCID: PMC6592012 DOI: 10.1590/s1678-9946201961030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Toxoplasma gondii can cross the placental barrier, causing fetal infection with potentially severe sequelae. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether the serological screening for toxoplasmosis should be included in the basic neonatal heel prick test in order to establish criteria for the confirmation and/or exclusion of the diagnosis of congenital infection in newborns treated at three public health units in the metropolitan region of Goiania, Goias State, Brazil. Blood samples were collected on filter paper from newborns and later, peripheral blood samples from the mothers and their respective children were obtained to confirm or exclude the diagnosis of suspected congenital infection, by means of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (IgM and IgG) and a polymerase chain reaction assay. From a total of 1,159 blood samples collected on filter paper, 43.92% were reactive to IgG and 0.17% to anti-T. gondii IgM and IgG. One hundred and twenty-seven paired samples (mother and child) were collected following consensual protocols for peripheral blood collection. Results obtained from the filter paper and peripheral blood of the newborns were 90.55% concordant. A comparison of the mother and child blood test results showed agreement regarding the detection of IgG in 90.48% of the samples. The parasite DNA was detected in the peripheral blood of one child. In view of the results obtained in this study, the inclusion of the serological screening for toxoplasmosis in the newborn heel prick test proved to be effective for the early detection of congenital T. gondii infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heloisa Ribeiro Storchilo
- Universidade Federal de Goiás, Instituto de Patologia Tropical e
Saúde Pública, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | | | - Taynara Cristina Gomes
- Universidade Federal de Goiás, Instituto de Patologia Tropical e
Saúde Pública, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Jéssica Yonara de Souza
- Universidade Federal de Goiás, Instituto de Patologia Tropical e
Saúde Pública, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Antonio Roberto Gomes
- Universidade Federal de Goiás, Instituto de Patologia Tropical e
Saúde Pública, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Mariza Martins Avelino
- Universidade Federal de Goiás, Faculdade de Medicina, Hospital das
Clínicas, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Waldemar Naves do Amaral
- Universidade Federal de Goiás, Faculdade de Medicina, Hospital das
Clínicas, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Ana Maria de Castro
- Universidade Federal de Goiás, Instituto de Patologia Tropical e
Saúde Pública, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
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Sardarian K, Maghsood AH, Farimani M, Hajiloii M, Saidijam M, Farahpour M, Mahaki H, Zamani A. Detection of Toxoplasma gondii B1 gene in placenta does not prove congenital toxoplasmosis. Hum Antibodies 2019; 27:31-35. [PMID: 30103311 DOI: 10.3233/hab-180346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Congenital toxoplasmosis is an important disease that occurs when pregnant women become infected with Toxoplasma gondii during pregnancy. The aim of this study was to investigate the presence of T. gondii B1 gene in placental tissues of IgM seronegative women. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this research, chronic toxoplasmosis was identified through examination of blood samples in a group of pregnant women by anti-Toxoplasma IgG and IgM ELISA and nested-PCR techniques. IgG avidity test was used to estimate the onset of infection in some pregnant women with chronic infection. After delivery, some umbilical cord and neonatal blood were tested by anti-Toxoplasma IgM ELISA, and also the B1 gene of T. gondii was investigated in their placental tissue by nested-PCR. Some factors such as blood sampling time and some clinical symptoms experienced during pregnancy were recorded. RESULTS One hundred and sixty seven out of 653 (25.6%) pregnant women were positive for anti-Toxoplasma IgG. Of them, 165 (98.8%) were negative for anti-T. gondii IgM. Six out of 10 (60%) placental tissues from IgG seropositive, IgM seronegative women were positive for T. gondii B1 gene, while anti-Toxoplasma IgM was negative in the umbilical cord and neonatal blood samples. The results of IgG avidity test showed low avidity in one and high avidity in two women's samples. The B1 gene was not found in the blood samples of any of the six mothers. The most symptoms experienced during pregnancy were headache and nausea. CONCLUSION The detection of B1 gene in placental tissues of the healthy newborn infants reiterates that presence of T. gondii in the placenta does not always result in congenital toxoplasmosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khosro Sardarian
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Amir Hossein Maghsood
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Marzieh Farimani
- Endometrium and Endometriosis Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Mehrdad Hajiloii
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Massoud Saidijam
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Manizheh Farahpour
- Fatemieh Hospital, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Hanieh Mahaki
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Alireza Zamani
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
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de Oliveira Azevedo CT, do Brasil PEAA, Guida L, Lopes Moreira ME. Performance of Polymerase Chain Reaction Analysis of the Amniotic Fluid of Pregnant Women for Diagnosis of Congenital Toxoplasmosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0149938. [PMID: 27055272 PMCID: PMC4824461 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0149938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2015] [Accepted: 02/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Congenital infection caused by Toxoplasma gondii can cause serious damage that can be diagnosed in utero or at birth, although most infants are asymptomatic at birth. Prenatal diagnosis of congenital toxoplasmosis considerably improves the prognosis and outcome for infected infants. For this reason, an assay for the quick, sensitive, and safe diagnosis of fetal toxoplasmosis is desirable. Goal To systematically review the performance of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis of the amniotic fluid of pregnant women with recent serological toxoplasmosis diagnoses for the diagnosis of fetal toxoplasmosis. Method A systematic literature review was conducted via a search of electronic databases; the literature included primary studies of the diagnostic accuracy of PCR analysis of amniotic fluid from pregnant women who seroconverted during pregnancy. The PCR test was compared to a gold standard for diagnosis. Results A total of 1.269 summaries were obtained from the electronic database and reviewed, and 20 studies, comprising 4.171 samples, met the established inclusion criteria and were included in the review. The following results were obtained: studies about PCR assays for fetal toxoplasmosis are generally susceptible to bias; reports of the tests’ use lack critical information; the protocols varied among studies; the heterogeneity among studies was concentrated in the tests’ sensitivity; there was evidence that the sensitivity of the tests increases with time, as represented by the trimester; and there was more heterogeneity among studies in which there was more time between maternal diagnosis and fetal testing. The sensitivity of the method, if performed up to five weeks after maternal diagnosis, was 87% and specificity was 99%. Conclusion The global sensitivity heterogeneity of the PCR test in this review was 66.5% (I2). The tests show low evidence of heterogeneity with a sensitivity of 87% and specificity of 99% when performed up to five weeks after maternal diagnosis. The test has a known performance and could be recommended for use up to five weeks after maternal diagnosis, when there is suspicion of fetal toxoplasmosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Letícia Guida
- Instituto Nacional de Saúde da Mulher, da Criança e do Adolescente Fernandes Figueira (IFF/Fiocruz)
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Witola WH, Mui E, Hargrave A, Liu S, Hypolite M, Montpetit A, Cavailles P, Bisanz C, Cesbron-Delauw MF, Fournié GJ, McLeod R. NALP1 influences susceptibility to human congenital toxoplasmosis, proinflammatory cytokine response, and fate of Toxoplasma gondii-infected monocytic cells. Infect Immun 2011; 79:756-66. [PMID: 21098108 PMCID: PMC3028851 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00898-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2010] [Revised: 09/20/2010] [Accepted: 11/11/2010] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
NALP1 is a member of the NOD-like receptor (NLR) family of proteins that form inflammasomes. Upon cellular infection or stress, inflammasomes are activated, triggering maturation of proinflammatory cytokines and downstream cellular signaling mediated through the MyD88 adaptor. Toxoplasma gondii is an obligate intracellular parasite that stimulates production of high levels of proinflammatory cytokines that are important in innate immunity. In this study, susceptibility alleles for human congenital toxoplasmosis were identified in the NALP1 gene. To investigate the role of the NALP1 inflammasome during infection with T. gondii, we genetically engineered a human monocytic cell line for NALP1 gene knockdown by RNA interference. NALP1 silencing attenuated progression of T. gondii infection, with accelerated host cell death and eventual cell disintegration. In line with this observation, upregulation of the proinflammatory cytokines interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-18, and IL-12 upon T. gondii infection was not observed in monocytic cells with NALP1 knockdown. These findings suggest that the NALP1 inflammasome is critical for mediating innate immune responses to T. gondii infection and pathogenesis. Although there have been recent advances in understanding the potent activity of inflammasomes in directing innate immune responses to disease, this is the first report, to our knowledge, on the crucial role of the NALP1 inflammasome in the pathogenesis of T. gondii infections in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- William H. Witola
- Departments of Surgery (Ophthalmology) and Pediatrics (Infectious Disease), The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, Laboratoire Adaptation et Pathogénie des Micro-Organismes, CNRS UMR 5163, Université Joseph Fourier Grenoble 1, Institut Jean Roget, BP 170, 38042 Grenoble Cedex 9, France, Centre d'Innovation, Génome Québec, Montréal, Québec H3A 1A4, Canada, INSERM, U563, F-31000 Toulouse, France, University Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, F-31000 Toulouse, France
| | - Ernest Mui
- Departments of Surgery (Ophthalmology) and Pediatrics (Infectious Disease), The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, Laboratoire Adaptation et Pathogénie des Micro-Organismes, CNRS UMR 5163, Université Joseph Fourier Grenoble 1, Institut Jean Roget, BP 170, 38042 Grenoble Cedex 9, France, Centre d'Innovation, Génome Québec, Montréal, Québec H3A 1A4, Canada, INSERM, U563, F-31000 Toulouse, France, University Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, F-31000 Toulouse, France
| | - Aubrey Hargrave
- Departments of Surgery (Ophthalmology) and Pediatrics (Infectious Disease), The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, Laboratoire Adaptation et Pathogénie des Micro-Organismes, CNRS UMR 5163, Université Joseph Fourier Grenoble 1, Institut Jean Roget, BP 170, 38042 Grenoble Cedex 9, France, Centre d'Innovation, Génome Québec, Montréal, Québec H3A 1A4, Canada, INSERM, U563, F-31000 Toulouse, France, University Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, F-31000 Toulouse, France
| | - Susan Liu
- Departments of Surgery (Ophthalmology) and Pediatrics (Infectious Disease), The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, Laboratoire Adaptation et Pathogénie des Micro-Organismes, CNRS UMR 5163, Université Joseph Fourier Grenoble 1, Institut Jean Roget, BP 170, 38042 Grenoble Cedex 9, France, Centre d'Innovation, Génome Québec, Montréal, Québec H3A 1A4, Canada, INSERM, U563, F-31000 Toulouse, France, University Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, F-31000 Toulouse, France
| | - Magali Hypolite
- Departments of Surgery (Ophthalmology) and Pediatrics (Infectious Disease), The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, Laboratoire Adaptation et Pathogénie des Micro-Organismes, CNRS UMR 5163, Université Joseph Fourier Grenoble 1, Institut Jean Roget, BP 170, 38042 Grenoble Cedex 9, France, Centre d'Innovation, Génome Québec, Montréal, Québec H3A 1A4, Canada, INSERM, U563, F-31000 Toulouse, France, University Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, F-31000 Toulouse, France
| | - Alexandre Montpetit
- Departments of Surgery (Ophthalmology) and Pediatrics (Infectious Disease), The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, Laboratoire Adaptation et Pathogénie des Micro-Organismes, CNRS UMR 5163, Université Joseph Fourier Grenoble 1, Institut Jean Roget, BP 170, 38042 Grenoble Cedex 9, France, Centre d'Innovation, Génome Québec, Montréal, Québec H3A 1A4, Canada, INSERM, U563, F-31000 Toulouse, France, University Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, F-31000 Toulouse, France
| | - Pierre Cavailles
- Departments of Surgery (Ophthalmology) and Pediatrics (Infectious Disease), The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, Laboratoire Adaptation et Pathogénie des Micro-Organismes, CNRS UMR 5163, Université Joseph Fourier Grenoble 1, Institut Jean Roget, BP 170, 38042 Grenoble Cedex 9, France, Centre d'Innovation, Génome Québec, Montréal, Québec H3A 1A4, Canada, INSERM, U563, F-31000 Toulouse, France, University Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, F-31000 Toulouse, France
| | - Cordelia Bisanz
- Departments of Surgery (Ophthalmology) and Pediatrics (Infectious Disease), The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, Laboratoire Adaptation et Pathogénie des Micro-Organismes, CNRS UMR 5163, Université Joseph Fourier Grenoble 1, Institut Jean Roget, BP 170, 38042 Grenoble Cedex 9, France, Centre d'Innovation, Génome Québec, Montréal, Québec H3A 1A4, Canada, INSERM, U563, F-31000 Toulouse, France, University Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, F-31000 Toulouse, France
| | - Marie-France Cesbron-Delauw
- Departments of Surgery (Ophthalmology) and Pediatrics (Infectious Disease), The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, Laboratoire Adaptation et Pathogénie des Micro-Organismes, CNRS UMR 5163, Université Joseph Fourier Grenoble 1, Institut Jean Roget, BP 170, 38042 Grenoble Cedex 9, France, Centre d'Innovation, Génome Québec, Montréal, Québec H3A 1A4, Canada, INSERM, U563, F-31000 Toulouse, France, University Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, F-31000 Toulouse, France
| | - Gilbert J. Fournié
- Departments of Surgery (Ophthalmology) and Pediatrics (Infectious Disease), The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, Laboratoire Adaptation et Pathogénie des Micro-Organismes, CNRS UMR 5163, Université Joseph Fourier Grenoble 1, Institut Jean Roget, BP 170, 38042 Grenoble Cedex 9, France, Centre d'Innovation, Génome Québec, Montréal, Québec H3A 1A4, Canada, INSERM, U563, F-31000 Toulouse, France, University Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, F-31000 Toulouse, France
| | - Rima McLeod
- Departments of Surgery (Ophthalmology) and Pediatrics (Infectious Disease), The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, Laboratoire Adaptation et Pathogénie des Micro-Organismes, CNRS UMR 5163, Université Joseph Fourier Grenoble 1, Institut Jean Roget, BP 170, 38042 Grenoble Cedex 9, France, Centre d'Innovation, Génome Québec, Montréal, Québec H3A 1A4, Canada, INSERM, U563, F-31000 Toulouse, France, University Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, F-31000 Toulouse, France
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8
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Tan TG, Mui E, Cong H, Witola WH, Montpetit A, Muench SP, Sidney J, Alexander J, Sette A, Grigg ME, Maewal A, McLeod R. Identification of T. gondii epitopes, adjuvants, and host genetic factors that influence protection of mice and humans. Vaccine 2010; 28:3977-89. [PMID: 20347630 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2010.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2009] [Revised: 03/09/2010] [Accepted: 03/15/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Toxoplasma gondii is an intracellular parasite that causes severe neurologic and ocular disease in immune-compromised and congenitally infected individuals. There is no vaccine protective against human toxoplasmosis. Herein, immunization of L(d) mice with HF10 (HPGSVNEFDF) with palmitic acid moieties or a monophosphoryl lipid A derivative elicited potent IFN-gamma production from L(d)-restricted CD8(+) T cells in vitro and protected mice. CD8(+) T cell peptide epitopes from T. gondii dense granule proteins GRA 3, 6, 7, and Sag 1, immunogenic in humans for HLA-A02(+), HLA-A03(+), and HLA-B07(+) cells were identified. Since peptide repertoire presented by MHC class I molecules to CD8(+) T cells is shaped by endoplasmic reticulum-associated aminopeptidase (ERAAP), polymorphisms in the human ERAAP gene ERAP1 were studied and associate with susceptibility to human congenital toxoplasmosis (p<0.05). These results have important implications for vaccine development.
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MESH Headings
- Adjuvants, Immunologic/pharmacology
- Aminopeptidases/genetics
- Animals
- Antigens, Protozoan/immunology
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte/immunology
- Female
- Genetic Predisposition to Disease
- HLA-A Antigens/immunology
- HLA-B Antigens/immunology
- Humans
- Interferon-gamma/immunology
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear/immunology
- Lipopeptides/immunology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Transgenic
- Minor Histocompatibility Antigens
- Models, Molecular
- Polymorphism, Genetic
- Protozoan Proteins/immunology
- Protozoan Vaccines/immunology
- Toxoplasma/immunology
- Toxoplasmosis/genetics
- Toxoplasmosis/immunology
- Toxoplasmosis, Congenital/genetics
- Toxoplasmosis, Congenital/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Tze Guan Tan
- Department of Surgery, Committees on Immunology, Molecular Medicine, and Genetics, Institute of Genomics and Systems Biology, and The College, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
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9
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Jamieson SE, de Roubaix LA, Cortina-Borja M, Tan HK, Mui EJ, Cordell HJ, Kirisits MJ, Miller EN, Peacock CS, Hargrave AC, Coyne JJ, Boyer K, Bessieres MH, Buffolano W, Ferret N, Franck J, Kieffer F, Meier P, Nowakowska DE, Paul M, Peyron F, Stray-Pedersen B, Prusa AR, Thulliez P, Wallon M, Petersen E, McLeod R, Gilbert RE, Blackwell JM. Genetic and epigenetic factors at COL2A1 and ABCA4 influence clinical outcome in congenital toxoplasmosis. PLoS One 2008; 3:e2285. [PMID: 18523590 PMCID: PMC2390765 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0002285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2008] [Accepted: 04/11/2008] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Primary Toxoplasma gondii infection during pregnancy can be transmitted to the fetus. At birth, infected infants may have intracranial calcification, hydrocephalus, and retinochoroiditis, and new ocular lesions can occur at any age after birth. Not all children who acquire infection in utero develop these clinical signs of disease. Whilst severity of disease is influenced by trimester in which infection is acquired by the mother, other factors including genetic predisposition may contribute. Methods and Findings In 457 mother-child pairs from Europe, and 149 child/parent trios from North America, we show that ocular and brain disease in congenital toxoplasmosis associate with polymorphisms in ABCA4 encoding ATP-binding cassette transporter, subfamily A, member 4. Polymorphisms at COL2A1 encoding type II collagen associate only with ocular disease. Both loci showed unusual inheritance patterns for the disease allele when comparing outcomes in heterozygous affected children with outcomes in affected children of heterozygous mothers. Modeling suggested either an effect of mother's genotype, or parent-of-origin effects. Experimental studies showed that both ABCA4 and COL2A1 show isoform-specific epigenetic modifications consistent with imprinting. Conclusions These associations between clinical outcomes of congenital toxoplasmosis and polymorphisms at ABCA4 and COL2A1 provide novel insight into the molecular pathways that can be affected by congenital infection with this parasite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarra E. Jamieson
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research and Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Addenbrookes Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Lee-Anne de Roubaix
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research and Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Addenbrookes Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Mario Cortina-Borja
- Centre for Paediatric Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Hooi Kuan Tan
- Centre for Paediatric Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ernest J. Mui
- Departments of Ophthalmology, Medicine, Pediatrics, Committees on Immunology, Molecular Medicine, and Genetics, University of Chicago, and Michael Reese Hospital and Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Heather J. Cordell
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research and Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Addenbrookes Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Institute of Human Genetics, Newcastle University, International Centre for Life, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Michael J. Kirisits
- Departments of Ophthalmology, Medicine, Pediatrics, Committees on Immunology, Molecular Medicine, and Genetics, University of Chicago, and Michael Reese Hospital and Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - E. Nancy Miller
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research and Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Addenbrookes Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher S. Peacock
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research and Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Addenbrookes Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Aubrey C. Hargrave
- Departments of Ophthalmology, Medicine, Pediatrics, Committees on Immunology, Molecular Medicine, and Genetics, University of Chicago, and Michael Reese Hospital and Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Jessica J. Coyne
- Departments of Ophthalmology, Medicine, Pediatrics, Committees on Immunology, Molecular Medicine, and Genetics, University of Chicago, and Michael Reese Hospital and Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Kenneth Boyer
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | | | - Wilma Buffolano
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Naples "Frederico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Nicole Ferret
- Service de Parasitologie et Mycologie, Hopital Archet II, Nice, France
| | | | - François Kieffer
- Department of Paediatrics, Institut de Puériculture, Paris, France
| | - Paul Meier
- Department of Biostatistics, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Dorota E. Nowakowska
- Department of Fetal-Maternal Medicine and Gynecology, Medical University, Lodz, Rzgowska, Poland
| | - Malgorzata Paul
- Department and Clinic of Tropical and Parasitic Diseases, University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - François Peyron
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Service de Parasitologie, Hôpital de la Croix-Rousse, Lyon, France
| | - Babill Stray-Pedersen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Oslo, Rikshospitalet-Radiumhospitalet, Sognsvannsvn, Oslo, Norway
| | - Andrea-Romana Prusa
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Congenital Disorders and Intensive Care, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Martine Wallon
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Service de Parasitologie, Hôpital de la Croix-Rousse, Lyon, France
| | - Eskild Petersen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Rima McLeod
- Departments of Ophthalmology, Medicine, Pediatrics, Committees on Immunology, Molecular Medicine, and Genetics, University of Chicago, and Michael Reese Hospital and Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Ruth E. Gilbert
- Centre for Paediatric Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jenefer M. Blackwell
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research and Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Addenbrookes Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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10
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Shiono Y, Mun HS, He N, Nakazaki Y, Fang H, Furuya M, Aosai F, Yano A. Maternal–fetal transmission of Toxoplasma gondii in interferon-γ deficient pregnant mice. Parasitol Int 2007; 56:141-8. [PMID: 17307382 DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2007.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2006] [Revised: 01/10/2007] [Accepted: 01/13/2007] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Toxoplasma gondii infection is generally asymptomatic in immunocompetent persons but can be life-threatening in immunocompromised persons and for fetuses in the case of maternal-fetal transmission. The effect of interferon (IFN)-gamma, which plays a crucial role in the protective immunity against T. gondii infection, on maternal-fetal transmission of T. gondii was analyzed by quantitative competitive polymerase chain reaction targeting T. gondii-specific SAG1 gene. T. gondii loads were obvious in uterus and placenta of wild type (WT) C57BL/6 (B6, susceptible strain) but not BALB/c (resistant strain) pregnant mice. Higher levels of T. gondii were detected in uterus and placenta of IFN-gamma knock-out (GKO) B6 and BALB/c than in those of WT mice. Furthermore, T. gondii was detected in fetus of GKO B6 but not GKO BALB/c, WT B6, or WT BALB/c mice. Thus, not only IFN-gamma but also genetic susceptibility to T. gondii infection was important for the protective immunity of maternal-fetal transmission of T. gondii to fetus via placenta. T. gondii-infected WT mice displayed a low delivery rate with high IFN-gamma production, whereas infected GKO mice did not. Additionally, mean body weight of neonates from T. gondii-infected GKO BALB/c pregnant mice was significantly lower than that of unaborted neonates from WT BALB/c pregnant mice, suggesting the effects of T. gondii infection on intrauterine growth retardation of fetus in pregnant GKO mice.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Female
- Fetal Growth Retardation/etiology
- Genetic Predisposition to Disease
- Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical
- Interferon-gamma/deficiency
- Interferon-gamma/genetics
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Placenta/parasitology
- Placenta Diseases/genetics
- Placenta Diseases/parasitology
- Pregnancy
- Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/genetics
- Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/immunology
- Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/parasitology
- Toxoplasma
- Toxoplasmosis, Animal/genetics
- Toxoplasmosis, Animal/immunology
- Toxoplasmosis, Animal/parasitology
- Toxoplasmosis, Animal/transmission
- Toxoplasmosis, Congenital/etiology
- Toxoplasmosis, Congenital/genetics
- Toxoplasmosis, Congenital/immunology
- Toxoplasmosis, Congenital/parasitology
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuko Shiono
- Department of Infection and Host Defense, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
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11
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Lipka B, Milewska-Bobula B, Dunin-Wasowicz D, Kassur-Siemieńska B, Idzik M, Szreter M, Witkowska-Vogtt E. [Congenital taxoplasmosis in twins in own material]. Wiad Parazytol 2004; 50:187-91. [PMID: 16859024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Little is known about congenital toxoplasmosis in twins. As in singletons fetal infection occurs usually in mothers seroconverted during second or third trimester of pregnancy. Infection affects usually both siblings, but there is posible that one child is not infected, especially in dizygotic pregnancies. A distinct difference in clinical patterns between dizygotic and monozygotic twins is observed. In monozygotic pairs most often clinical course is similar, while in dizygotic twins discrepancies in clinical findings are frequent and marked. For almost thirty years of our own experience with congenital toxoplasmosis we observed only four pairs of twins with this intrauterine infection. All of them were dizygotic. In two pairs the clinical course was similar, and different in the other two.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bozena Lipka
- Klinika Niemowleca, Instytutu Pomnik-Centrum Zdrowia Dziecka, Al. Dzieci Polskich 20, 04-730 Warszawa
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12
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Sławska H, Pendzich J, Czuba B, Mazurek U, Gola J, Wilczok T, Kamiński K. [Detection of Toxoplasma gondii DNA by PCR in mother's blood, amniotic fluid and child's blood in selected cases of pathological pregnancy]. Wiad Parazytol 2001; 47 Suppl 1:99-105. [PMID: 16897959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Prenatal screening of Toxoplasma gondii infection is controversial. The diagnosis is based on serological tests detecting IgM and IgG antibodies against T. gondii, but interpretation of these tests results is often confusing. It is commonly made retrospectively when serological screening indicates a possibility of recent infection. Most women have antibodies against T. gondii and serial testing is required only in monitoring of pregnancies where initial screening is negative. The introduction of Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) assay for detection of Toxoplasma gondii DNA in selected cases of pathologic pregnancies has permitted a more accurate and faster diagnosis of congenital toxoplasmosis infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Sławska
- Katedra i Klinika Patologii Ciazy i Rozrodczości w Zabrzu, Slaskiej Akademii Medycznej 41 - 800 Zabrze, ul. Janika 18
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13
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Jenum PA, Holberg-Petersen M, Melby KK, Stray-Pedersen B. Diagnosis of congenital Toxoplasma gondii infection by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) on amniotic fluid samples. The Norwegian experience. APMIS 1998; 106:680-6. [PMID: 9740505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
As part of a screening project for detection of Toxoplasma gondii infection among pregnant women in Norway, nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) aimed at the detection of T. gondii in amniotic fluid samples was included in the diagnostic routine. The results were compared with the routine criteria for congenital infection: i) T. gondii detected in amniotic fluid or cord blood by mouse inoculation, ii) specific IgM or IgA in serum collected after birth, and/or iii) specific IgG persisting beyond one year of age. The PCR was based on the B1 gene with an internal control gene amplified together with the B1 gene. One hundred and two amniotic fluid samples collected during pregnancy and/or at delivery from 67 pregnant women with serological evidence of primary T. gondii infection were available for examination by both B1-PCR and mouse inoculation. Six samples were positive and 86 samples were negative by both methods (90% concordance). One sample was mouse inoculation positive and B1-PCR negative while nine samples were B1-PCR positive and mouse inoculation negative, of which five were associated with four infants without proven infection. 59%, and 41% of samples associated with infected infants were positive by B1-PCR and mouse inoculation, respectively. The difference was mainly due to a lower detection rate by mouse inoculation after antiparasitic treatment. The specificity of B1-PCR was 94%. Even though B1-PCR performed on amniotic fluid samples did not detect all infected infants, it represented a valuable tool in addition to conventional methods in the diagnosis of congenital T. gondii infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- P A Jenum
- Department of Bacteriology, National Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
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14
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Affiliation(s)
- R McLeod
- Michael Reese Hospital and Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60616, USA
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15
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Cazenave J, Broussin B, Verin P, Tirard V, Cheyrou A, Begueret J. [Contribution of gene amplification in the biological diagnosis of toxoplasmosis]. Presse Med 1994; 23:573-5. [PMID: 8066060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Biological diagnosis of toxoplasmosis is generally based on indirect arguments (serology). In cases of immaturity or of immune depression, however, evidence of the parasite has to be obtained. This involves time-consuming or relatively insensitive culture techniques. Molecular biology, and more particularly the polymerase chain reaction gene amplification technique, makes it possible to identify an extremely small quantity of parasites in a complex biological fluid in a few hours. We summarized our experience with an original technique using toxoplasma ribosomal DNA as the target. Its use in the amniotic fluid provides a distinct improvement in antenatal diagnosis and is fast becoming the technique of reference. Difficult cases have been solved by its application in ophthalmology. Finally, in immunodepressed patients, especially in cases of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, assessment is currently ongoing. The results obtained so far, especially in the analysis of the cerebral spinal fluid, are encouraging.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Cazenave
- Laboratoire de Biologie moléculaire, LABM, Bordeaux
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16
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Paugam A, Gavinet MF, Robert F, Narcy F, Tourte-Schaefer C, Dupouy-Camet J. [Toxoplasmic seroconversion during pregnancy. Value of polymerase chain reaction for early diagnosis of fetal infections]. Presse Med 1993; 22:1235. [PMID: 8248051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
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17
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Cristina N, Derouin F, Pelloux H, Pierce R, Cesbron-Delauwn MF, Ambroise-Thomas P. [Detection of Toxoplasma gondii by "Polymerase Chain Reaction" (PCR) technique in AIDS infected patients using the repetitive sequence TGR1E]. Pathol Biol (Paris) 1992; 40:52-5. [PMID: 1570184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
A repetitive original DNA sequence, TGR1E, was cloned and sequenced, then used to develop a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test for detecting Toxoplasma gondii. Preliminary studies were performed using purified T. gondii DNA or a lysate of purified T. gondii cells [7], with or without a leukocyte lysate. A negative correlation was evidenced between sensitivity of the test and the amount of cellular debris contaminating the DNA to be amplified. Nevertheless, the method was tested on 100 clinical specimens subjected to lysis using the same method. Among the 88 specimens from AIDS patients, four were positive by conventional diagnostic tests and by PCR. Among the 12 specimens tested as part of evaluations for the prevention of congenital toxoplasmosis, PCR failed to detect the positive results yielded by conventional tests on two amniotic fluid specimens. No false positive result was seen with the PCR method.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Cristina
- Département de Parasitologie-Mycologie Médicale et Moléculaire, CNRS URA 1344, Faculté de Médecine, Université Joseph Fourier-Grenoble I, La Tronche, France
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18
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Marty P, Le Fichoux Y, Deville A, Forest H. [Congenital toxoplasmosis and preconceptional maternal ganglionic toxoplasmosis]. Presse Med 1991; 20:387. [PMID: 1826773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
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19
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Statz A, Wenzel D, Heimann G. [Clinical course of congenital toxoplasmosis in dicygotic twins (author's transl)]. Klin Padiatr 1978; 190:599-602. [PMID: 568688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The presented case report deals with the clinical course of a congenital toxoplasmosis in dicygotic twins. The variability of the clinical course was proofed, because one of the twins remained unaffected with clinical signs and was detected only by the conversion of the seroreactions. On the other hand the second twin showed the picture of an acute meningoencephalitis resulting in a neurological defect syndrome. The reasons for the different clinical course, which is more pronounced in dicygotic twins than monocygotic, remain unknown.
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20
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Abstract
In two siblings, we saw bilateral macular lesions that were consistent with the diagnosis of congenital toxoplasmosis. Although the congenital nature of this type of infection cannot be proven conclusively, there is considerable evidence that the lesions in our young patients were scars from congenital toxoplasmic retinochoroiditis. To our knowledge, congenital ocular toxoplasmosis in siblings has not previously been reported.
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21
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Awan KJ. Congenital toxoplasmosis: chances of occurrence in subsequent siblings. Ann Ophthalmol 1978; 10:459-65. [PMID: 677631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Occurrence of congenital toxoplasmosis in subsequent siblings after the birth of an affected child is discussed. Toxoplasmic retinochoroiditis was found in 3 surviving siblings. The diagnosis was made by the typical fundus lesions in children, intracranial calcification in one child, and significant positive titer for toxoplasmic antibodies in all the children and the mother, who was asymptomatic. Serology for syphilis, skin tests for histoplasmosis and tuberculosis, blood studies with sedimentation rate, and chest roentgenograms were all negative in mother and all 3 children. The view that transmission of infection from mother to the fetus may result from a chronically infested uterine wall is supported and is thought to be the probable cause in the cases reported here. After the birth of one child with congenital toxoplasmosis, the parents may be reassured about the favorable prognosis of subsequent pregnancies with some reservation. However, it appears unwise to categorically refute the repetition of congenital toxoplasmosis in siblings. It is also suggested that because of possible danger of reactivation, the healed toxoplasmic chorioretinal lesions should be properly monitored if the patient is to be given corticosteroids for any other reason.
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22
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Abstract
Fourteen pairs of twins with congenital toxoplasmosis were observed. In two pairs, one twin was infected and had symptoms of chorioretinitis or encephalomyelitis, while the other had a negative dye test upon repeated examination: this phenomenon has not previously been reported. In three of the other twelve pairs of twins, one of each pair died; two of them had evidence of toxoplasmosis; in the cotwin the diagnosis was based on serologic data. Clincial and biologic follow-up extended from 19 months to 8 years in five pairs. Marked discrepancies in the individual clinical patterns of the two children in each of six sets of twins were observed, with evidence of infection in one twin and subclinical infection in the other. These clinical findings correlated well with serologic data in the children in whom sufficient follow-up was permitted. The clinical pattern of congenital toxoplasmosis in twins is extremely similar in monochorial pregnancies, but discrepancies are almost the rule in bichorial pregnancies. The importance of placental lesions in determining the extent of fetal involvement is well illustrated by studies of toxoplasmosis in twins.
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23
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Rieger H. [Toxoplasmosis as a probable mutagenic factor]. Albrecht Von Graefes Arch Klin Exp Ophthalmol 1966; 170:223-34. [PMID: 4231159 DOI: 10.1007/bf02429458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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24
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Ciulla M, Privitera A, Zanibelli G. [Considerations on four cases of toxoplasmosis occurring in four siblings]. Riv Ostet Ginecol Prat 1965; 47:705-18. [PMID: 5864955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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25
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Carbonell-Estrany M, Mestre Espinach J. [Congenital toxoplasmosis in twins]. Rev Esp Pediatr 1965; 21:391-8. [PMID: 5851547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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26
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Zanibelli G. [Electroencephalographic findings in 4 siblings with manifestations of probable congenital toxoplasmosis]. Boll Soc Med Chir Cremona 1964; 18:797-810. [PMID: 5882179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
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27
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Ciulla M, Zanibelli G, Privitera A. [Appearance of clinical manifestations to probable congenital toxoplasmosis in 4 siblings. (Preliminary note)]. Boll Soc Med Chir Cremona 1964; 18:811-5. [PMID: 5882180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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