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Cai R, Liu N, Guo P, Liao K, Li M, Zhu J, Chen S, Chen L, Shu B, Qi S. Protective Effects of Chicken Egg Yolk Immunoglobulins (IgYs) against Vibrio vulnificus Infections. J Immunol Res 2021; 2021:6678513. [PMID: 33506061 PMCID: PMC7808826 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6678513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Vibrio (V.) vulnificus infection is a rare disease whose death rates exceed 50% despite aggressive antibiotic treatment and surgical debridement. The aim of this study was to assess the ability of specific anti-V. vulnificus immunoglobulins Y (IgYs) for preventing and treating V. vulnificus infections. IgYs were produced by immunizing egg laying hens with inactivated whole cell bacteria. Peritoneal cytokines, blood's bacterial load, and survival curves were obtained from both prophylactic and therapeutic mouse models. The results showed that the specific IgYs (i) inhibited the growth of V. vulnificus in vitro, (ii) dramatically reduced the inflammatory response and blood's bacterial load, and (iii) improved the survival rate of V. vulnificus-infected mice. These results prove that anti-V. vulnificus IgYs can be markedly effective means for the prophylaxis and the therapy of V. vulnificus infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruizhao Cai
- Department of Burns, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080 Guangdong Province, China
- Guangdong Engineering & Technology Research Center for Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Burns and Wounds, Guangzhou, 510080 Guangdong Province, China
| | - Ning Liu
- Department of Burns, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080 Guangdong Province, China
- Guangdong Engineering & Technology Research Center for Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Burns and Wounds, Guangzhou, 510080 Guangdong Province, China
| | - Penghao Guo
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080 Guangdong Province, China
| | - Kang Liao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080 Guangdong Province, China
| | - Mengzhi Li
- Department of Burns, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080 Guangdong Province, China
- Guangdong Engineering & Technology Research Center for Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Burns and Wounds, Guangzhou, 510080 Guangdong Province, China
| | - Junyou Zhu
- Department of Burns, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080 Guangdong Province, China
- Guangdong Engineering & Technology Research Center for Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Burns and Wounds, Guangzhou, 510080 Guangdong Province, China
| | - Shouyi Chen
- Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Lei Chen
- Department of Burns, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080 Guangdong Province, China
- Guangdong Engineering & Technology Research Center for Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Burns and Wounds, Guangzhou, 510080 Guangdong Province, China
| | - Bin Shu
- Department of Burns, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080 Guangdong Province, China
- Guangdong Engineering & Technology Research Center for Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Burns and Wounds, Guangzhou, 510080 Guangdong Province, China
| | - Shaohai Qi
- Department of Burns, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080 Guangdong Province, China
- Guangdong Engineering & Technology Research Center for Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Burns and Wounds, Guangzhou, 510080 Guangdong Province, China
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Gaa R, Menang-Ndi E, Pratapa S, Nguyen C, Kumar S, Doerner A. Versatile and rapid microfluidics-assisted antibody discovery. MAbs 2021; 13:1978130. [PMID: 34586015 PMCID: PMC8489958 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2021.1978130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent years have seen unparalleled development of microfluidic applications for antibody discovery in both academic and pharmaceutical research. Microfluidics can support native chain-paired library generation as well as direct screening of antibody secreting cells obtained by rodent immunization or from the human peripheral blood. While broad diversities of neutralizing antibodies against infectious diseases such as HIV, Ebola, or COVID-19 have been identified from convalescent individuals, microfluidics can expedite therapeutic antibody discovery for cancer or immunological disease indications. In this study, a commercially available microfluidic device, Cyto-Mine, was used for the rapid identification of natively paired antibodies from rodents or human donors screened for specific binding to recombinant antigens, for direct screening with cells expressing the target of interest, and, to our knowledge for the first time, for direct broad functional IgG antibody screening in droplets. The process time from cell preparation to confirmed recombinant antibodies was four weeks. Application of this or similar microfluidic devices and methodologies can accelerate and enhance pharmaceutical antibody hit discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramona Gaa
- Protein Engineering and Antibody Technologies, Merck Healthcare KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Emmanuel Menang-Ndi
- Institute for Molecular Biotechnology, University of Bodenkultur, Vienna, Austria
| | - Shruti Pratapa
- Protein Engineering and Antibody Technologies, EMD Serono, Billerica, MA, USA
| | - Christine Nguyen
- Protein Engineering and Antibody Technologies, EMD Serono, Billerica, MA, USA
| | - Satyendra Kumar
- Protein Engineering and Antibody Technologies, EMD Serono, Billerica, MA, USA
| | - Achim Doerner
- Protein Engineering and Antibody Technologies, Merck Healthcare KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany
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Tomaselli M, Elkin B, Kutz S, Harms NJ, Nymo HI, Davison T, Leclerc LM, Branigan M, Dumond M, Tryland M, Checkley S. A Transdisciplinary Approach to Brucella in Muskoxen of the Western Canadian Arctic 1989-2016. Ecohealth 2019; 16:488-501. [PMID: 31414318 PMCID: PMC6858907 DOI: 10.1007/s10393-019-01433-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Revised: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Brucella serostatus was evaluated in 3189 muskoxen sampled between 1989 and 2016 from various locations of the Canadian Arctic archipelago and mainland, near the communities of Sachs Harbour and Ulukhaktok, Northwest Territories, and Cambridge Bay and Kugluktuk, Nunavut. Brucella antibodies were found only in muskoxen sampled around Cambridge Bay, both on southern Victoria Island and on the adjacent mainland (Kent Peninsula). Consistent with participatory epidemiology data documented from local harvesters describing increased Brucella-like syndromes (swollen joints and lameness) and a decreased proportion of juveniles, the apparent Brucella seroprevalence in the sampled muskoxen of the Cambridge Bay area increased from 0.9% (95% CI 0.3-2.1) in the period of 1989-2001 to 5.6% (95% CI 3.3-8.9) in 2010-2016. The zoonotic bacteria Brucella suis biovar 4 was also cultured from tissues of muskoxen sampled on Victoria Island near Ulukhaktok in 1996 (n = 1) and Cambridge Bay in 1998, 2014, and 2016 (n = 3). Overall, our data demonstrate that B. suis biovar 4 is found in muskoxen that are harvested for food and by guided hunts on Victoria Island and Kent Peninsula, adding an important public health dimension to this study. Robust participatory epidemiology data on muskox health and diseases greatly enhanced the interpretation of our Cambridge Bay data and, combined with the serological and microbiological data, provide compelling evidence that the prevalence of B. suis biovar 4 has increased in this area since the late 1990s. This study enhances the available knowledge on Brucella exposure and infection in muskoxen and provides an example of how scientific knowledge and local knowledge can work together to better understand disease status in wildlife.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matilde Tomaselli
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
- Canadian High Arctic Research Station, Polar Knowledge Canada, Cambridge Bay, NU, Canada.
| | - Brett Elkin
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Department of Environment and Natural Resources, Government of Northwest Territories, Yellowknife, Inuvik, NT, Canada
| | - Susan Kutz
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Canadian Wildlife Health Cooperative, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - N Jane Harms
- Department of Environment, Animal Health Unit, Yukon Government, Whitehorse, YT, Canada
| | - H Ingebjørg Nymo
- Research Food Safety and Animal Health, The Norwegian Veterinary Institute, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Tracy Davison
- Department of Environment and Natural Resources, Government of Northwest Territories, Yellowknife, Inuvik, NT, Canada
| | | | - Marsha Branigan
- Department of Environment and Natural Resources, Government of Northwest Territories, Yellowknife, Inuvik, NT, Canada
| | - Mathieu Dumond
- Department of Environment, Government of Nunavut, Kugluktuk, NU, Canada
| | - Morten Tryland
- Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, Research Group for Arctic Infection Biology, UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Sylvia Checkley
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Alberta Provincial Laboratory for Public Health, Calgary, AB, Canada
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Best SJ, Tschaepe MI, Wilson KM. Investigation of the performance of serological assays used for Lyme disease testing in Australia. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0214402. [PMID: 31034492 PMCID: PMC6488061 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0214402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Spirochaetes of the Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato complex, which includes those that cause Lyme disease, have not been identified in Australia. Nevertheless, Australian patients exist, some of whom have not left the country, who have symptoms consistent with so-called “chronic Lyme disease”. Blood specimens from these individuals may be tested in Australian laboratories and in specialist laboratories outside Australia and sometimes conflicting results are obtained. Such discrepancies cause the patients to question the results from the Australian laboratories and seek assistance from the Australian Government in clarifying why the discrepancies occur. The aim of this study was to determine the level of agreement in results between commonly used B. burgdorferi serology assays in specimens of known status, and between results reported by different laboratories when they use the same serology assay. Five immunoassays and five immunoblots used in Australia and elsewhere were examined for the detection of IgG antibodies to Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato. Predominantly, archived specimens previously tested for Lyme disease were used for the study and included 639 contributed by seven clinical laboratories located either in Australia or in areas endemic for Lyme disease. Also included were 308 prospectively collected Australian blood donor specimens. All clinical specimens were tested in all 10 assays whereas blood donor specimens were tested in all immunoassays and a subset was tested on immunoblots. With the exception of one immunoblot, the results between the assays agreed with each other in a known positive specimen population ≥ 77% of the time and in a known negative population, 88% of the time or greater. The test results obtained during the study were different from the participating laboratory’s less than 2% of the time when the same assay was used. These findings suggest that discordance in results between laboratories is more likely due to variation in algorithms or in the use of assays with different sensitivities or specificities rather than conflicting results being reported from the same assay in different laboratories. In the known negative population, specificities of the immunoassays ranged between 87.7% and 99.7%. In Australia’s low prevalence population, this would translate to a positive predictive value of < 4%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan J. Best
- National Serology Reference Laboratory, Division of St Vincent’s Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- * E-mail:
| | - Marlene I. Tschaepe
- National Serology Reference Laboratory, Division of St Vincent’s Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kim M. Wilson
- National Serology Reference Laboratory, Division of St Vincent’s Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Wang Q, Lei Y, Lu X, Wang G, Du Q, Guo X, Xing Y, Zhang G, Wang D. Urea-mediated dissociation alleviate the false-positive Treponema pallidum-specific antibodies detected by ELISA. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0212893. [PMID: 30835745 PMCID: PMC6400370 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0212893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2018] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The serological detection of antibodies to Treponema pallidum is essential to the diagnosis of syphilis. However, for the presence of cross-reaction, the specific antibody tests [e.g., enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)] always have false-positive results. In this study, we derived and validated the dissociation of urea in an attempt to alleviate the situation of false-positive antibodies to T. pallidum detected by ELISA. Six serum samples that were false-positive antibodies to T. pallidum detected by ELISA, and 16 control serum samples (8 sera positive for both specific IgG and IgM, and 8 IgG-positive and IgM-negative sera) were collected to select the appropriate dissociated concentration and time of urea. Our goal was to establish improved an ELISA method based on the original detection system of ELISA. The sensitivity of the improved ELISA was evaluated by 275 serum samples with class IgM-positive antibodies to T. pallidum. At 6 mol/L with 10 minutes dissociation of urea, 6 samples with false-positive antibodies to T. pallidum were converted to negative, and compared with true-positive antibodies to T. pallidum. The sensitivity of the improved ELISA was 100% by detecting the class IgM-positive antibodies to T. pallidum in sera of patients with syphilis. Considering the importance at the diagnosis of syphilis, antibodies to T. pallidum in serum samples should be retested by the improved ELISA method to avoid false-positive results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, P.R. China
- Faculty of Laboratory Medicine, Center for Translational Medicine, North Sichuan Medical college, Nanchong, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Yan Lei
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, P.R. China
- Faculty of Laboratory Medicine, Center for Translational Medicine, North Sichuan Medical college, Nanchong, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Xiaolan Lu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Guangrong Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, P.R. China
- Faculty of Laboratory Medicine, Center for Translational Medicine, North Sichuan Medical college, Nanchong, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Qin Du
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Xiaolan Guo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, P.R. China
- Faculty of Laboratory Medicine, Center for Translational Medicine, North Sichuan Medical college, Nanchong, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Yan Xing
- Faculty of Laboratory Medicine, Center for Translational Medicine, North Sichuan Medical college, Nanchong, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Guoyuan Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, P.R. China
- * E-mail: (GZ); (DW)
| | - Dongsheng Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, P.R. China
- * E-mail: (GZ); (DW)
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Kieckens E, Van den Broeck L, Van Gils M, Morré S, Vanrompay D. Co-Occurrence of Chlamydia suis DNA and Chlamydia suis-Specific Antibodies in the Human Eye. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 2018; 18:677-682. [PMID: 30251925 DOI: 10.1089/vbz.2017.2256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Chlamydia suis is a swine pathogen that causes economic losses due to reproductive failure. Recently, C. suis has been detected in human eyes. However, knowledge of the zoonotic potential is still limited. C. suis infections in swine could present a risk for public health because (1) tetracycline-resistant C. suis strains are emerging in the pork industry, (2) tetracycline resistance gene transfers in vitro from C. suis to the human pathogen Chlamydia trachomatis and as previously demonstrated, (3) C. suis and C. trachomatis can be both present in the human eye. Pig farmers were sampled during a seminar in West-Flanders. Conjunctival swabs for detection of C. suis and C. trachomatis and for the detection of mucosal antibodies against C. suis and C. trachomatis were collected. The farmers completed a questionnaire designed to assess information on the following: (1) the health status of their pigs, (2) administration of veterinary drugs, (3) their professional and nonprofessional activities, (4) general health status, (5) smoking habits, (6) use of medication, (7) allergies, and (8) clinical signs/history. Thirty-three on 40 (82.5%) farmers participated. None of the conjunctival swabs contained C. trachomatis DNA and mucosal antibodies against C. trachomatis were not detected. Six of 33 (18.2%) farmers had C. suis DNA in their eyes and 22 of 33 (67%) swabs contained C. suis-specific mucosal antibodies. The older the farmer, higher the chance of finding C. suis antibodies in the eye. There was a significant correlation between the presence of conjunctivitis in the pigs and the occurrence of C. suis DNA in the eye of their owner. This study shows that C. suis may transfer from pigs to the human eye as specific mucosal antibodies were detected in conjunctivae of pig farmers. Veterinarians, general practitioners, and occupational physicians should be aware of the zoonotic potential of C. suis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelien Kieckens
- Laboratory for Immunology and Animal Biotechnology, Department of Animal Sciences and Aquatic Ecology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Laura Van den Broeck
- Laboratory for Immunology and Animal Biotechnology, Department of Animal Sciences and Aquatic Ecology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Mathias Van Gils
- Laboratory for Immunology and Animal Biotechnology, Department of Animal Sciences and Aquatic Ecology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Servaas Morré
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Control, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, Institute for Public Health Genomics, Research School GROW (School for Oncology and Developmental Biology), University of Maastricht, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Daisy Vanrompay
- Laboratory for Immunology and Animal Biotechnology, Department of Animal Sciences and Aquatic Ecology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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Muloki HN, Erume J, Owiny DO, Kungu JM, Nakavuma J, Ogeng D, Nasinyama GW. Prevalence and risk factors for brucellosis in prolonged fever patients in post-conflict Northern Uganda. Afr Health Sci 2018; 18:22-28. [PMID: 29977253 PMCID: PMC6016978 DOI: 10.4314/ahs.v18i1.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Brucellosis is a disease with significant public and economic implications but strategies for controlling this disease remain problematic. OBJECTIVES This study sought to determine the sero-prevalence of brucellosis in prolonged fever patients and to identify modifiable risk factors for the infection in humans in post conflict Northern Uganda. METHODS The study employed a cross-sectional method among prolonged fever patients who had visited selected health facilities in the study districts in Northern Uganda. Sero-prevalence of brucellosis was calculated for i-ELISA IgG/IgM. A structured questionnaire was used to obtain data on possible risk factors for brucellosis. Associations between sero-prevalence and risk factors were measured using the Odds Ratio. RESULTS Brucellosis was confirmed in 18.7% of the 251 patients that tested positive for the disease, with the rapid Brucella Plate Agglutination Test, and ages 10-84 years (median age 47+0.86). Sex (p = 0.001; OR 3.79; 95% CI 1.75 - 8.24), rearing livestock (p < 0.005; OR 8.44; 95% CI 2.84-25.03) and consumption of unpasteurised milk (p = 0.023; OR 2.57; 95% CI 1.14-5.80) were factors associated with brucellosis. CONCLUSION Control of brucellosis in animals, training and sensitisation of the community on brucellosis is needed to stimulate action on human brucellosis control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harriet N Muloki
- Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, Gulu University. P. O. Box 166, Gulu, Uganda
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources and Biosecurity, Makerere University, P. O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda; Current Address: Kampala International University, P.O Box 20000, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Joseph Erume
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources and Biosecurity, Makerere University, P. O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda; Current Address: Kampala International University, P.O Box 20000, Kampala, Uganda
| | - David O Owiny
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources and Biosecurity, Makerere University, P. O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda; Current Address: Kampala International University, P.O Box 20000, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Joseph M Kungu
- National Livestock Resources Research Institute, P.O.Box 96, Tororo
| | - Jesca Nakavuma
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources and Biosecurity, Makerere University, P. O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda; Current Address: Kampala International University, P.O Box 20000, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Duncan Ogeng
- Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, Gulu University. P. O. Box 166, Gulu, Uganda
| | - George W Nasinyama
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources and Biosecurity, Makerere University, P. O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda; Current Address: Kampala International University, P.O Box 20000, Kampala, Uganda
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Hoenderboom BM, van Ess EF, van den Broek IVF, van Loo IHM, Hoebe CJPA, Ouburg S, Morré SA. Chlamydia trachomatis antibody detection in home-collected blood samples for use in epidemiological studies. J Microbiol Methods 2017; 144:164-167. [PMID: 29196272 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2017.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Revised: 11/24/2017] [Accepted: 11/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Capillary blood collected in serum tubes was subjected to centrifugation delay while stored at room temperature. Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) IgG concentrations in aliquoted serum of these blood samples remained stable for seven days after collection. CT IgG concentrations can reliably be measured in mailed blood samples in epidemiological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- B M Hoenderboom
- Epidemiology and Surveillance Unit, Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands; Laboratory of Immunogenetics, Department Medical Microbiology and Infection Control, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - E F van Ess
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, Department Medical Microbiology and Infection Control, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - I V F van den Broek
- Epidemiology and Surveillance Unit, Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - I H M van Loo
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Care and Public Health Research Institute (CAPHRI), Maastricht University Medical Centre (MUMC+), Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - C J P A Hoebe
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Care and Public Health Research Institute (CAPHRI), Maastricht University Medical Centre (MUMC+), Maastricht, The Netherlands; Department of Sexual Health, Infectious Diseases and Environmental Health, South Limburg Public Health Service (GGD South Limburg), Geleen, The Netherlands
| | - S Ouburg
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, Department Medical Microbiology and Infection Control, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - S A Morré
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, Department Medical Microbiology and Infection Control, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Institute for Public Health Genomics (IPHG), Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, Research School GROW (School for Oncology & Developmental Biology), Faculty of Health, Medicine & Life Sciences, University of Maastricht, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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9
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Borodina IA, Zaitsev BD, Guliy O, Teplykh AA, Shikhabudinov AM. The acoustic sensor for rapid analysis of bacterial cells in the conductive suspensions. Ultrasonics 2017; 81:174-177. [PMID: 28709011 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultras.2017.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Revised: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The possibility of using the acoustic sensor on the basis of a two-channel delay line for rapid analysis of bacterial cells in the conductive suspensions was investigated. The dependencies of change in phase and insertion loss of output signal of the sensor on conductivity of buffer solution with various concentrations of cells due to a specific interaction "bacterial cells - mini-antibodies" for electrically open and electrically shorted channels of delay line were measured. It has been found that these changes have the most values for the electrically open channel. It has been also shown that the sensor rapidly responds to the specific interaction and the time stabilization of the phase and insertion loss of output signal is less than 10min.
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Affiliation(s)
- I A Borodina
- Kotel'nikov Institute of Radio Engineering and Electronics of RAS, Saratov Branch, Saratov 410019, Russia.
| | - B D Zaitsev
- Kotel'nikov Institute of Radio Engineering and Electronics of RAS, Saratov Branch, Saratov 410019, Russia
| | - O Guliy
- Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Plants and Microorganisms of RAS, Saratov 410049, Russia
| | - A A Teplykh
- Kotel'nikov Institute of Radio Engineering and Electronics of RAS, Saratov Branch, Saratov 410019, Russia
| | - A M Shikhabudinov
- Kotel'nikov Institute of Radio Engineering and Electronics of RAS, Saratov Branch, Saratov 410019, Russia
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Severance EG, Gressitt KL, Stallings CR, Katsafanas E, Schweinfurth LA, Savage CLG, Adamos MB, Sweeney KM, Origoni AE, Khushalani S, Dickerson FB, Yolken RH. Probiotic normalization of Candida albicans in schizophrenia: A randomized, placebo-controlled, longitudinal pilot study. Brain Behav Immun 2017; 62:41-45. [PMID: 27871802 PMCID: PMC5373951 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2016.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Revised: 11/11/2016] [Accepted: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The molecules and pathways of the gut-brain axis represent new targets for developing methods to diagnose and treat psychiatric disorders. Manipulation of the gut microbiome with probiotics may be a therapeutic strategy with the potential to relieve gastrointestinal (GI) comorbidities and improve psychiatric symptoms. Candida albicans and Saccharomyces cerevisiae, commensal yeast species, can be imbalanced in the unhealthy human microbiome, and these fungal exposures were previously found elevated in schizophrenia. In a longitudinal, double-blind, placebo-controlled, pilot investigation of 56 outpatients with schizophrenia, we examined the impact of probiotic treatment on yeast antibody levels, and the relationship between treatment and antibody levels on bowel discomfort and psychiatric symptoms. We found that probiotic treatment significantly reduced C. albicans antibodies over the 14-week study period in males, but not in females. Antibody levels of S. cerevisiae were not altered in either treatment group. The highest levels of bowel discomfort over time occurred in C. albicans-seropositive males receiving the placebo. We observed trends towards improvement in positive psychiatric symptoms in males treated with probiotics who were seronegative for C. albicans. Results from this pilot study hint at an association of C. albicans seropositivity with worse positive psychiatric symptoms, which was confirmed in a larger cohort of 384 males with schizophrenia. In conclusion, the administration of probiotics may help normalize C. albicans antibody levels and C. albicans-associated gut discomfort in many male individuals. Studies with larger sample sizes are warranted to address the role of probiotics in correcting C. albicans-associated psychiatric symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily G Severance
- Stanley Division of Developmental Neurovirology, Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 600 North Wolfe Street, Blalock 1105, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.
| | - Kristin L Gressitt
- Stanley Division of Developmental Neurovirology, Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 600 North Wolfe Street, Blalock 1105, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Cassie R Stallings
- Sheppard Pratt Health System, Stanley Research Program, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Emily Katsafanas
- Sheppard Pratt Health System, Stanley Research Program, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | | | - Maria B Adamos
- Sheppard Pratt Health System, Stanley Research Program, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kevin M Sweeney
- Sheppard Pratt Health System, Stanley Research Program, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Andrea E Origoni
- Sheppard Pratt Health System, Stanley Research Program, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Sunil Khushalani
- Sheppard Pratt Health System, Stanley Research Program, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Faith B Dickerson
- Sheppard Pratt Health System, Stanley Research Program, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Robert H Yolken
- Stanley Division of Developmental Neurovirology, Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 600 North Wolfe Street, Blalock 1105, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
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Takhar RP, Bunkar ML, Arya S, Mirdha N, Mohd A. Scrub typhus: A prospective, observational study during an outbreak in Rajasthan, India. Natl Med J India 2017; 30:69-72. [PMID: 28816212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Scrub typhus, a potentially fatal rickettsial infection, is common in India. It usually presents with acute febrile illness along with multi-organ involvement caused by Orientia tsutsugamushi. As there was an outbreak of scrub typhus in the Hadoti region of Rajasthan and there is a paucity of data from this region, we studied this entity to describe the diverse epidemiological, clinico-radiological, laboratory parameters and outcome profile of patients with scrub typhus in a tertiary care hospital. METHODS In this descriptive study, we included all patients with an acute febrile illness diagnosed as scrub typhus by positive IgM antibodies against O. tsutsugamushi, over a period of 4 months (July to October 2014). All relevant data were recorded and analysed. RESULTS A total of 66 (24 males/42 females) patients were enrolled. Fever was the most common presenting symptom (100%), and in 67% its duration was for 7-14 days. Other symptoms were breathlessness (66.7%), haemoptysis (63.6%), oliguria (51.5%) and altered mental status (39.4%). The pathognomonic features such as eschar (12%) and lymphadenopathy (18%) were not so common. The commonest radiological observation was consistent with acute respiratory distress syndrome. Complications noted were respiratory (69.7%), renal (51.5%) and hepatic dysfunction (48.5%). The overall mortality rate was 21.2%. CONCLUSIONS Scrub typhus has emerged as an important cause of febrile illness in the Hadoti region and can present with varying clinical manifestations with or without eschar. A high index of suspicion, early diagnosis and prompt intervention may help in reducing the mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Moti Lal Bunkar
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Government Medical College, Kota, Rajasthan, India
| | - Savita Arya
- Department of Dermatology, Government Medical College, Kota, Rajasthan, India
| | - Nitin Mirdha
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Jodhpur Dental College and General Hospital, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Arif Mohd
- Department of Internal Medicine, Government Medical College, Kota, Rajasthan, India
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12
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Yang J, Jin M, Chen J, Yang Y, Zheng P, Zhang A, Song Y, Zhou H, Chen H. Development and Evaluation of an Immunochromatographic Strip for Detection of Streptococcus Suis Type 2 Antibody. J Vet Diagn Invest 2016; 19:355-61. [PMID: 17609343 DOI: 10.1177/104063870701900403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, an immunochromatographic strip (ICS) was developed for the detection of antibody against Streptococcus suis serotype 2 (SS2). Colloidal gold particles labeled with staphylococcal protein A (SPA), which can bind to the FC fragment of mammalian immunoglobulin, were used as the detector reagent. The capsular polysaccharide (CPS) of SS2 and affinity-purified IgG from a healthy naive pig were immobilized on test and control regions of a nitrocellulose membrane, respectively. The ICS was used to 1) detect anti-CPS antibody in 14 sera taken from 4 SS2-infected pigs, 24 sera from pigs hyperimmunized with SS2, and 68 sera from pigs inoculated or infected with bacteria other than SS2; 2) determine anti-CPS antibody titers of 20 positive sera for comparison with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA); and 3) detect anti-CPS antibody in 226 clinical sera taken from diseased pigs also for comparison with ELISA. An ELISA used as a reference test determined the specificity and sensitivity of the ICS to be 97.1% and 86.3%, respectively. There was excellent agreement between the results obtained by ELISA and the ICS (kappa = 0.843). Additionally, there was strong agreement between the results of bacterial isolation from pig tonsils and ICS test (kappa = 0.658). Because it is rapid and easy to use, the test is suitable for the serological surveillance of SS2 at farms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junxing Yang
- Unit of Animal Infectious Disease, State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China 430070
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13
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Abstract
Proliferative enteropathy is an intestinal infectious disease caused by the obligate intracellular bacterium Lawsonia intracellularis. Immunohistochemistry staining has superior sensitivity over hematoxylin and eosin and silver staining for detecting L. intracellularis in histological sections. A L. intracellularis—specific monoclonal antibody (MAb) produced in the UK (IG4 MAb) has been described in the literature. However, no monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies are commercially available. Therefore, the objective of this study was to produce and characterize new polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies against L. intracellularis that are suitable for diagnostic use. The new monoclonal (2001 MAb) and polyclonal antibodies (1999 PAb) were compared with the IG4 MAb using Western blot analysis of outer membrane proteins (OMPs) of 6 L. intracellularis isolates, Bilophila wadsworthia and Brachyspira hyodysenteriae and using immunohistochemistry of known positive and negative histologic samples and pure cultures of L. intracellularis, B. wadsworthia, B. hyodysenteriae, Salmonella choleraesuis, S. typhimurium, and Escherichia coli K88. Immunogold staining using 2001 MAb was performed to show the specificity of the antibody against an L. intracellularis surface protein. Western blot analysis showed that the 2001 MAb targeted an OMP of 77 kD, which made it different from the IG4 MAb that targeted an 18-kD OMP. The immunogold stain demonstrated the specificity of the 2001 MAb to a surface protein of L. intracellularis. The polyclonal antibody (1999 PAb) targeted 5 OMPs (77, 69, 54, 42, and 36 kD). Both the 2001 MAb and 1999 PAb stained known positive, but not negative, histologic samples. Both the 2001 MAb and 1999 PAb reacted with a pure culture of L. intracellularis but not with any other common enteric pathogens. These two new antibodies will be useful for immunodiagnosis of L. intracellularis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto M C Guedes
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA
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14
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Wang Y, Kern A, Boatright NK, Schiller ZA, Sadowski A, Ejemel M, Souders CA, Reimann KA, Hu L, Thomas WD, Klempner MS. Pre-exposure Prophylaxis With OspA-Specific Human Monoclonal Antibodies Protects Mice Against Tick Transmission of Lyme Disease Spirochetes. J Infect Dis 2016; 214:205-11. [PMID: 27338767 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiw151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2015] [Accepted: 04/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tick transmission of Borrelia spirochetes to humans results in significant morbidity from Lyme disease worldwide. Serum concentrations of antibodies against outer surface protein A (OspA) were shown to correlate with protection from infection with Borrelia burgdorferi, the primary cause of Lyme disease in the United States. METHODS Mice transgenic for human immunoglobulin genes were immunized with OspA from B. burgdorferi to generate human monoclonal antibodies (HuMabs) against OspA. HuMabs were generated and tested in in vitro borreliacidal assays and animal protection assays. RESULTS Nearly 100 unique OspA-specific HuMabs were generated, and 4 HuMabs (221-7, 857-2, 319-44, and 212-55) were selected as lead candidates on the basis of borreliacidal activity. HuMabs 319-44, 857-2, and 212-55 were borreliacidal against 1 or 2 Borrelia genospecies, whereas 221-7 was borreliacidal (half maximal inhibitory concentration, < 1 nM) against B. burgdorferi, Borrelia afzelii, and Borrelia garinii, the 3 main genospecies endemic in the United States, Europe, and Asia. All 4 HuMabs completely protected mice from infection at 10 mg/kg in a murine model of tick-mediated transmission of B. burgdorferi CONCLUSIONS Our study indicates that OspA-specific HuMabs can prevent the transmission of Borrelia and that administration of these antibodies could be employed as preexposure prophylaxis for Lyme disease.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies, Bacterial/administration & dosage
- Antibodies, Bacterial/isolation & purification
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/administration & dosage
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/isolation & purification
- Antigens, Surface
- Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors
- Bacterial Vaccines/antagonists & inhibitors
- Disease Models, Animal
- Disease Transmission, Infectious/prevention & control
- Immunization, Passive/methods
- Immunologic Factors/administration & dosage
- Immunologic Factors/isolation & purification
- Lipoproteins/antagonists & inhibitors
- Lyme Disease/prevention & control
- Lyme Disease/transmission
- Mice, Inbred C3H
- Mice, Transgenic
- Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis/methods
- Tick Bites/complications
- Treatment Outcome
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wang
- MassBiologics, University of Massachusetts Medical School
| | - Aurélie Kern
- Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | | | | | - Monir Ejemel
- MassBiologics, University of Massachusetts Medical School
| | | | | | - Linden Hu
- Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
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15
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Kountouras J, Tsiaousi E, Trigonis S, Polyzos SA, Katsinelos P, Zavos C, Vardaka E, Kountouras C, Gavalas E, Anastasiadou K, Vlachaki E, Boziki M, Zeglinas C, Venizelos I, Deretzi G. Comment on "The correlation of Helicobacter pylori with the development of cholelithiasis and cholecystitis: the results of a prospective clinical study in Saudi Arabia". Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2016; 20:3-4. [PMID: 26813445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- J Kountouras
- Department of Gastroenterology, Second Medical Clinic, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ippokration Hospital, Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece.
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16
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Sadreddini S, Seifi-Najmi M, Ghasemi B, Kafil HS, Alinejad V, Sadreddini S, Younesi V, Jadidi-Niaragh F, Yousefi M. Design and construction of immune phage antibody library against Tetanus neurotoxin: Production of single chain antibody fragments. Hum Antibodies 2015; 23:73-79. [PMID: 27472865 DOI: 10.3233/hab-150287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tetanus neurotoxin (TeNT) is composed of a light (LC) and heavy chain (HC) polypeptides, released by anaerobic bacterium Clostridium tetani and can cause fatal life-threatening infectious disease. Toxin HC and LC modules represents receptor binding and zinc metalloprotease activity, respectively. The passive administration of animal-derived antibodies against tetanus toxin has been considered as the mainstay therapy for years. However, this treatment is associated with several adverse effects due to the presence of anti-isotype antibodies. OBJECTIVE In the present study, we have produced the fully human single chain antibody fragments (HuScFv) from two human antibody phage display libraries. MATERIAL AND METHODS Twenty-four different HuscFvs were isolated from two anti TeNT immune libraries. Our produced human ScFv (HuScFv) were converted to IgG platform and analyzed regarding their specific reactivity to TeNT. RESULTS All of the selected scFvs have the same VL but different VH. Three HuscFvs from the first library (TTX15, 51, 75) and two HuscFvs from the second library (TTX16, 20) were chosen to convert to IgG1 using pOptiVEC and pcDNA3.3 systems. Production of IgG1 from transfected DG44 and binding capacity of them to tetanus toxin and toxoid were measured by ELISA. ELISA results showed no detectable production of TTX16 and TTX20 IgG1. Although, TTX51 and TTX75 were converted and produced as IgG1, no reactivity to tetanus toxin and toxoid was observed. However, TTX15 was successfully produced as whole IgG1 platform with reactivity to both tetanus toxin and toxoid. The latter would be an appropriate replacement for conventional polyclonal antibodies if would meet the further characterization including specificity determination, affinity measurement and toxin neutralizing assays. CONCLUSION Our results demonstrated production of functional IgG1 derived from TTX15 scFv and might be an appropriate replacement for polyclonal Tetabulin but it needs further characterization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanam Sadreddini
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mehrnosh Seifi-Najmi
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Babollah Ghasemi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hossein Samadi Kafil
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Vahideh Alinejad
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Sevil Sadreddini
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Vahid Younesi
- Monoclonal Antibody Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farhad Jadidi-Niaragh
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mehdi Yousefi
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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17
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Chen Y, Duan R, Li X, Li K, Liang J, Liu C, Qiu H, Xiao Y, Jing H, Wang X. Homology analysis and cross-immunogenicity of OmpA from pathogenic Yersinia enterocolitica, Yersinia pseudotuberculosis and Yersinia pestis. Mol Immunol 2015; 68:290-9. [PMID: 26435220 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2015.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2015] [Revised: 09/15/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The outer membrane protein A (OmpA) is one of the intra-species conserved proteins with immunogenicity widely found in the family of Enterobacteriaceae. Here we first confirmed OmpA is conserved in the three pathogenic Yersinia: Yersinia pestis, Yersinia pseudotuberculosis and pathogenic Yersinia enterocolitica, with high homology at the nucleotide level and at the amino acid sequence level. The identity of ompA sequences for 262 Y. pestis strains, 134 Y. pseudotuberculosis strains and 219 pathogenic Y. enterocolitica strains are 100%, 98.8% and 97.7% similar. The main pattern of OmpA of pathogenic Yersinia are 86.2% and 88.8% identical at the nucleotide and amino acid sequence levels, respectively. Immunological analysis showed the immunogenicity of each OmpA and cross-immunogenicity of OmpA for pathogenic Yersinia where OmpA may be a vaccine candidate for Y. pestis and other pathogenic Yersinia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhuang Chen
- National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Ran Duan
- National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Xu Li
- National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Kewei Li
- National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Junrong Liang
- National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Chang Liu
- National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Haiyan Qiu
- National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Yuchun Xiao
- National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Huaiqi Jing
- National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Wang
- National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China.
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18
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Guraya SY, Ahmad AA, El-Ageery SM, Hemeg HA, Ozbak HA, Yousef K, Abdel-Aziz NA. The correlation of Helicobacter Pylori with the development of cholelithiasis and cholecystitis: the results of a prospective clinical study in Saudi Arabia. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2015; 19:3873-3880. [PMID: 26531273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Gallstone disease is a common surgical ailment. Helicobacter pylori has a role in upper gastrointestinal disorders, including gallstones. This study aimed to determine the association of H. pylori with gallstones, so developing a preventative strategy for gallstone formations. PATIENTS AND METHODS A prospective study was conducted on 95 patients referred to the surgical clinic of Al-Meeqat General Hospital, Al-Madinah Al-Munawarah, with gallstone disease. Detection of H. pylori antibodies (IgG) in serum was done in all the patients who underwent cholecystectomy. H. pylori stool antigen (HPSA) using stool samples was done for IgG sero-positive patients prior to the cholecystectomy. The bile collected from the gall bladder during operation was examined for the presence of H. pylori by Gram stain, culture and HPSA assay. Gallbladder mucosa was examined for urease A gene by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in patients proven to be positive for stool or bile serology. RESULTS Of the 95 patients, 75 (79%) were positive for H. pylori antibodies. Twenty-six (34.7%) patients were positive with H. pylori antigens in bile and 21 (28%) with H. pylori antigens in the stool samples. Among these 47 patients, PCR was positive in 29 (62%) subjects. H. pylori couldn't be detected among the studied patients by using either Gram stain or culture. CONCLUSIONS The presence of H. pylori in bile may indicate a significant risk for cholelithiasis. PCR is a rapid reliable method for the detection of H. pylori DNA in bile. This rapid molecular approach together with culture and immunological methods could help clinicians to effectively manage patients at high risk of developing gallstones at an earlier stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Y Guraya
- Surgery Department, Faculty of Medicine, Taibah University, Almadinah Almunawarah, KSA.
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19
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Koj S, Ługowski C, Niedziela T. [Bordetella pertussis lipooligosaccharide-derived neoglycoconjugates - new components of pertussis vaccine]. POSTEP HIG MED DOSW 2015; 69:1013-1030. [PMID: 26400888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Pertussis is a contagious respiratory tract disease caused by the Gram-negative bacterium Bordetella pertussis. Despite widespread vaccination, in recent years the pertussis incidence has increased. The whole-cell pertussis vaccine has been very effective but reactogenic. Therefore the improved vaccines contain only a few isolated and inactivated antigens of B. pertussis. However, a waning of the acellular vaccine-induced immunity indicates that these vaccines lack some important protective B. pertussis antigens. The vaccine containing an inactivated pertussis toxin induces the production of toxin-neutralizing antibodies, but it does not lead to destruction of bacteria. Since many virulence factors are involved in the pathogenesis of pertussis, beside the toxin-neutralizing activity, the direct bactericidal activity is essential in anti-pertussis immunity. Lipooligosaccharide is the main surface component of B. pertussis. It is a target for bactericidal antibodies during natural infection. The endotoxic activity of LOS makes it unacceptable for acellular vaccines against B. pertussis. However, the non-toxic moiety of the B. pertussis LOS-derived oligosaccharide coupled to a carrier protein forms an immunogenic glycoconjugate which has a potential application as a new component of a pertussis vaccine. In this paper, we present a review of current research and reasons for the increased pertussis incidence. The epidemiologic situation of pertussis in the past decades showing the ineffectiveness of contemporary, acellular pertussis vaccines is also discussed. The immune processes elicited by natural infection with B. pertussis were compared to the vaccine-induced immunity. The important role of bactericidal antibodies against lipooligosaccharide was indicated in effective immune defense. In a number of research papers the immunogenicity and protective properties of glycoconjugates containing the oligosaccharide component of B. pertussis have been described, and its application as a new component of a pertussis vaccine have been implied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabina Koj
- Instytut Immunologii i Terapii Doświadczalnej PAN im. Ludwika Hirszfelda, Wrocław
| | - Czesław Ługowski
- Instytut Immunologii i Terapii Doświadczalnej PAN im. Ludwika Hirszfelda, Wrocław; Uniwersytet Opolski, Samodzielna Katedra Biotechnologii i Biologii Molekularnej, Opole
| | - Tomasz Niedziela
- Instytut Immunologii i Terapii Doświadczalnej PAN im. Ludwika Hirszfelda, Wrocław
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20
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Tereshchuk TO. [POSSIBILITY OF OBTAINING ALLOGENEIC ANTIMENINGOCOCCUS FRESH FROZEN PLASMA AND CONTROL OF ITS QUALITY INDICATORS]. Lik Sprava 2015:99-103. [PMID: 26827448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Results of the study identifying the titer of natural antimeningococcus antibodies serogroup B of non-immunized donor population of Zhytomyr Region aged 18-54 years, all AB0 blood groups are presented for further use of these results in the organization of the immune donation. Indicators of quality of antimeningococcus fresh frozen plasma obtained by different methods are characterized.
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Abstract
We herein report a heterosexual Japanese man in his forties who had been suffering from advanced dementia and personality change for 4 years. Positive results of a serological test for syphilis, Treponema pallidum hemagglutination assay, and fluorescent treponemal antibody-absorption test of both serum and cerebral spinal fluid led to the diagnosis of neurosyphilis. Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction was seen shortly after the first dose of penicillin was administered to the patient. His cognitive function did not recover after treatment. The incidence of syphilis has been reported to be increasing. Neurosyphilis should not be overlooked as an etiology for progressive dementia even in this post-antibiotic era.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideharu Hagiya
- Department of General Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Japan
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Nasinyama G, Ssekawojwa E, Opuda J, Grimaud P, Etter E, Bellinguez A. Brucella sero-prevalence and modifiable risk factors among predisposed cattle keepers and consumers of un-pasteurized milk in Mbarara and Kampala districts, Uganda. Afr Health Sci 2014; 14:790-6. [PMID: 25834484 DOI: 10.4314/ahs.v14i4.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Brucellosis is an important zoonotic disease in developing countries yet it is often not recognized, goes unreported and does not attract public health action by these governments including Uganda. OBJECTIVE To estimate the sero-prevalence and assess modifiable risk factors associated with Brucella seropositivity in cattle keepers and consumers of unpasteurized milk in Uganda. METHODS One group comprised of 161 individuals randomly selected from households living on farms that had Brucella sero-positive cattle and/or goats in Mbarara District from an earlier survey; the second group comprised of 168 randomly selected individuals attending an HIV voluntary counseling and testing clinic in Kampala District. Sera samples were tested using Rapid Plate Agglutination Test, Standard Tube Agglutination Test and cELISA. RESULTS The sero-prevalence of brucellosis among exposed cattle keepers in Mbarara and consumers of unpasteurised milk in Kampala Districts was 5.8% (95%CI: 3.3%, 8.3%) and 9% (95%CI: 13.3%, 4.7%), respectively. Consumption of unboiled milk was significantly (p=0.004) associated with seropositivity in Mbarara District. There was no association between sero-positivity with age, sex and awareness of human brucellosis. CONCLUSION Human brucellosis is prevalent among livestock rearing communities and consumers of unpasteurised milk. The continued consumption of unboiled milk is a major health risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Nasinyama
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Preventive medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal resources and Biosecurity, Makerere University, P.O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Edward Ssekawojwa
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Preventive medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal resources and Biosecurity, Makerere University, P.O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda
| | - John Opuda
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Preventive medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal resources and Biosecurity, Makerere University, P.O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda
| | | | - Eric Etter
- CIRAD Avenue Agropolis, 34398 Montpellier, Cedex 5 France
| | - Alban Bellinguez
- ESP/ACSS Project, Dairy Development Authority, Ministry of Agriculture Animal Industry and Fisheries, Kampala Uganda
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Okafor C, Grooms D, Alocilja E, Bolin S. Comparison between a conductometric biosensor and ELISA in the evaluation of Johne's disease. Sensors (Basel) 2014; 14:19128-37. [PMID: 25320903 PMCID: PMC4239859 DOI: 10.3390/s141019128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2014] [Revised: 10/08/2014] [Accepted: 10/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Johne's disease (JD), caused by Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP), is an important gastrointestinal disease of cattle worldwide because of the economic losses encountered in JD-affected herds. These losses include reduction in milk yield in cows, premature culling and reduced carcass weight of culled diseased animals. In the U.S. dairy industry, economic losses from reduced productivity associated with JD are estimated to cost between $200 and $250 million annually. The development of non-laboratory-based assays would support more frequent testing of animals for JD and could improve its control. Conductometric biosensors combine immunomigration technology with electronic signal detection and have been adapted for the detection of IgG antibody against MAP. In the present study, a capture membrane with limited variability in the immunomigration channel and an optimal concentration of the secondary anti-bovine antibody used in a previously developed conductometric biosensor were compared with a commercially available antibody detection ELISA in their evaluation of JD, using samples of serum from cattle whose JD status where unknown. There was a moderate strength of agreement (kappa = 0.41) between the two assays. Findings from this preliminary study support the continued development of conductometric biosensors for use in the diagnosis of JD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chika Okafor
- Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
| | - Daniel Grooms
- Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
| | - Evangelyn Alocilja
- Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
| | - Steven Bolin
- Diagnostic Center for Population and Animal Health, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
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Aronova NV, Onoprienko NN, Tsimbalistova MV, Pavlovich NV. [Comparative analysis of parameters of humoral and cell specific immunity in individuals immunized with a live tularemia vaccine]. Zh Mikrobiol Epidemiol Immunobiol 2014:32-37. [PMID: 25536768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
AIM Comparative analysis of parameters of humoral and cell immunity in individuals, vaccinated against tularemia. MATERIALS AND METHODS Sera and blood samples of 258 immunized individuals were studied by indirect hemagglutination and leukocytolis with tularin reaction. RESULTS 73% of the examined individuals had both specific antibodies and positive values of cell immunity. The presence of anti-tularemia immunity was registered in 26 of 30 individuals immunized 10 - 20 years ago. However in 76 individuals (26%) we have detected discrepancies of the results of the 2 methods that complicate the evaluation of specific immunity status. As such, the use of only 1 method characterizing either humoral or cell immunity does not give objective information. CONCLUSION The use of 2 methods directed on detection of both specific antibodies and delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction is reasonable for the increase of validity of results of anti-tularemia immunity status evaluation. Only positive immunologic parameters of both tests confirm the presence of immunity against Francisella tularensjs and the possibility of revaccination period delay.
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Faro J. Sepsis: use of clinical criteria as well as novel diagnostic tests aim to improve patient outcomes. MLO Med Lab Obs 2014; 46:10-13. [PMID: 24783679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
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Kałużewski S, Rastawicki W. [Seroprevalence of Mycoplasma pneumoniae in Poland in 2008-2013]. Med Dosw Mikrobiol 2014; 66:105-114. [PMID: 25369657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Mycoplasma pneumoniae is a common causative agent of tracheobronchitis and atypical pneumonia, mainly in children and adolescents. The infections are often seen as epidemics occurring in autumn-winter seasons at intervals of 4-7 years. Epidemiological studies showed that M. pneumoniae is responsible for 30% to 40% of all cases of bacterial respiratory infections in Poland. The aim of the study was estimate the seroprevalence of M. pneumoniae in Poland in 2008-2013 in comparing to results obtained in other European countries. MATERIAL AND METHODS The results of diagnostic serological tests (ELISA) in particular immunoglobulin classes for infection with M. pneumoniae performed in 16.825 persons were retrospectively analyzed. The patients were mostly children at the preschool and school age with clinical symptoms of respiratory tract infection. The data were obtained from Bacteriology Department of National Institute of Public Health-National Institute of Hygiene in Warsaw and from 13 Sanitary and Epidemiological Stations through the country which send quarterly or monthly reports. RESULTS The serological results showed that in autumn-winter seasons of 2011-2012 the "early antibodies" (IgA and/or IgM) for M. pneumoniae were twice more often diagnosed in sera of patients with respiratory tract infection than in analogous seasons of 2008-2010. The antibodies were detected in 34% and 42% of patients, respectively in third quarter of 2011 and 2012. CONCLUSIONS Epidemic increase of M. pneumoniae infections in Poland in autumn-winter seasons of 2011-2012 was mainly observed due to diagnosis of the IgA and/or IgM antibodies in serological tests.
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Chekanova TA, Markelov ML, Karan' LC, Ushakova MA, Pudova EA, Romashkina AC, Kirdiashkina NP, Manzeniuk IN, Sazhin AI, Snarkaia EC, Anan'eva LP, Shipulin GA. [The new possibilities in serologic diagnostic of Ixodes mite-borne borreliosis using ImmunoChip]. Klin Lab Diagn 2013:51-55. [PMID: 24757867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The new kit of reagents in format of the immunochip "ImmunoChip Borreliosis" for multiplex serologic analysis of mite-borne borreliosis demonstrated high diagnostic sensitivity and specificity. The percentage of detection of specific immunoglobulins was higher in "ImmunoChip Borreliosis" as compared with screening results in immune enzyme analysis. The high correlation between results of testing in immunochip and data of immune blotting is demonstrated to.
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Kurova NN, Tseneva GI, Zhebrun AB. [Anti-pertussis immunity in children in the cities of Northwestern Federal District with various population]. Zh Mikrobiol Epidemiol Immunobiol 2013:33-37. [PMID: 24341212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
AIM Evaluate the state of immunity against pertussis in children living in St. Petersburg and regional centers of Northwestern Federal District (NFD). MATERIALS AND METHODS The level of anti-pertussis antibodies by EIA and agglutinin reaction (AR) was studied in 419 children living in St. Petersburg and by AR in 239 children living in regional centers of NFD. Blood sera in AR were studied by using liquid pertussis diagnosticum (Biomed, Russia). RESULTS In St. Petersburg the frequency of detection of high level of antibodies was the highest in the 15 - 17 age group that indicates a high level of latent morbidity in grownups. The frequency of detection of high level of antibodies in the 3 - 4 and 9 - 10 age groups in regional centers was significantly lower, and the fraction of sera with undetected level of antibodies--significantly higher compared with St. Petersburg, that gives evidence on low circulation of causative agent, lack of "epidemizing" of children in small cities. CONCLUSION The question of introduction of second revaccination against pertussis in children at the age of 6 is actual, because one vaccination is not enough for prolonged sustaining of population immunity intensity.
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Maĭorov RV, Chereshneva MV, Chereshnev VA. [Study of etiologic factors of infectious diseases of respiratory tract in school-age children during period of remission of a respiratory disease]. Zh Mikrobiol Epidemiol Immunobiol 2013:37-44. [PMID: 24341213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
AIM Detect features of microflora of upper respiratory tract on the example of flora of palatine tonsils and level of antibodies against intracellular parasites as markers of etiologic factors of respiratory infections in school-age children in remission period. MATERIALS AND METHODS 466 children from frequently and episodically ill groups were examined. Bacteriologic study of smears from the surface of palatine tonsils was carried out in all the children. By using EIA with the corresponding commercial test systems IgG level against Herpes simplex virus, Cytomegalovirus, Chlamydophila pneumoniae, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Human respiratory syncytial virus was determined in blood sera according to instruction manual. RESULTS During remission period of infectious process in the structure of microflora of upper respiratory tract in frequently ill children characteristic differences from their episodically ill peers were detected. In children with frequent respiratory infections a higher occurrence of antibodies against intracellular causative agents of these diseases was also detected. In the group of frequently ill, a direct correlation between frequency of infectious diseases of respiratory tract and occurrence of carriage of pathogenic and opportunistic microorgan isms as well as increase of antibodies against Herpesviridae, Cytomegalovirus, C. pneumoniae and M. pneumoniae was detected. CONCLUSION Higher occurrence ofintra- and extra-cellular infectious agents as well as their associations may be considered as one of the reasons of insufficient effectiveness of prophylaxis measures in frequently ill children.
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Agholor K, Omo-Aghoja L, Okonofua F. Association of anti-Chlamydia antibodies with ectopic pregnancy in Benin city, Nigeria: a case-control study. Afr Health Sci 2013; 13:430-40. [PMID: 24235946 DOI: 10.4314/ahs.v13i2.33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ectopic pregnancy remains a major public health problem especially in many developing countries where it is a significant contributor to pregnancy related morbidity and mortality. OBJECTIVE To determine the association between prior Chlamydia trachomatis infection and the risk of ectopic pregnancy. METHODS A case-control study from two tertiary health care facilities in Benin City, Nigeria. Ninety eight women with ectopic pregnancy (cases) and another 98 women with uncomplicated intrauterine pregnancy (controls) matched for age, were interviewed using a semi-structured questionnaire and evaluated for serological evidence of prior Chlamydia trachomatis infection. RESULTS The antibody titres in cases (48%) were significantly higher than in controls (16.3%) (p<0.001). However, the association between Chlamydia antibodies and ectopic pregnancy was attenuated when the effects of indicators of previous pelvic infections, socio-demographic characteristics, contraceptive and sexual history were controlled for. Primary level of education (OR = 6.32; CI, 2.31 - 17.3), three or more lifetime sexual partners (OR = 5.71; CI, 2.39 - 13.65) and prior history of vaginal discharge (OR = 5.00; CI, 2.03 - 12.3) were more likely to be associated with ectopic pregnancy than with the presence of antibodies to Chlamydia trachomatis (OR = 2.82; 95% CI, 1.33 - 5.95). The Population Attributable Risk was 30.9%. CONCLUSION Chlamydial infections play only a limited role in the pathogenesis of ectopic pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Agholor
- Women's Health and Action Research Centre, Benin city
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Kim MA, Lee MJ, Jeong HK, Song HJ, Jeon HJ, Lee KY, Kim JG. A monoclonal antibody specific to glucosyltransferase B of Streptococcus mutans GS-5 and its glucosyltransferase inhibitory efficiency. Hybridoma (Larchmt) 2012; 31:430-5. [PMID: 23244322 PMCID: PMC3526893 DOI: 10.1089/hyb.2012.0047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2012] [Accepted: 08/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Glucosyltransferase-B (GTFB) of Streptococcus mutans is considered a virulence factor because of its activity in the production of insoluble glucan, which is key to the bacterial attachment onto dental surfaces, leading to the formation of dental caries. Local passive immunization with monoclonal antibodies against GTFB is considered to be an effective way to prevent dental caries. Here we amplified a 1.3 kb fragment of the N-terminal half of the gtfB gene (193-1530) of S. mutans by PCR and expressed the truncated protein (GTFBN). The expressed, purified protein was used as an immunogen in BALB/c mice. We selected and established one hybridoma (HBN8) that was capable of producing anti-GTFBN using ELISA, dot blot, and Western blot analyses. The monoclonal anti-GTFBN antibody was purified by affinity chromatography and its isotype was confirmed as IgG2a. The anti-GTFBN antibody inhibited the enzymatic activity of crude glucosyltransferase of S. mutans GS-5 in a dose-dependent manner. These data suggest that the anti-GTFBN antibody could be used as a vaccine to prevent the aggregation of S. mutans on tooth surfaces, and thus prevent the formation of dental caries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi-Ah Kim
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Institute of Oral Bioscience, School of Dentistry, Jeonju-si, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
- Department of Oral Microbiology, School of Dentistry, Jeonju-si, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Jeong Lee
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Institute of Oral Bioscience, School of Dentistry, Jeonju-si, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae-Kyoung Jeong
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Institute of Oral Bioscience, School of Dentistry, Jeonju-si, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Jeong Song
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Institute of Oral Bioscience, School of Dentistry, Jeonju-si, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Jin Jeon
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Institute of Oral Bioscience, School of Dentistry, Jeonju-si, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Yeol Lee
- Department of Oral Microbiology, School of Dentistry, Jeonju-si, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Gon Kim
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Institute of Oral Bioscience, School of Dentistry, Jeonju-si, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
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Guliĭ OI, Zaĭtsev BD, Kuznetsova IE, Shikhabudinov AM, Karavaeva OA, Dykman LA, Staroverov SA, Ignatov OV. [Obtaining the phage mini-antibodies and their use for detection of microbial cells by using an electro-acoustic sensor]. Biofizika 2012; 57:460-467. [PMID: 22873070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The phage mini-antibodies to bacterial cells of strain Azospirillum brasilense Sp245 were obtained and the possibility of using them for detection of microbial cells by means of a lateral field excited piezoelectric resonator was studied. It has been found that the frequency dependencies of the real and imaginary parts of the electrical impedance of the resonator loaded by the cell suspension A. brasilense Sp245 with the mini-antibodies, significantly differ from those of the resonator with the control cell suspension without mini-antibodies. The concentration limit of possible determination of the microbial cells in their interaction with the mini-antibodies is equal to 10(3) cells/ml. It has been ascertained that detection of A. brasilense Sp245 cells using the mini-antibodies is possible even in the presence of other cultures, for example, E. coli BL-Ril and A. brasilense Sp7 cells. Therefore, it has been shown for the first time that detection of microbial cells by an electro-acoustic sensor is feasible.
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Xiao X, Chen Y, Deng M, Gao H, Wu Z, Zhu L, Yuan F, Xu B, Liang C, Zhang Y. New role of antibody in bacterial isolation. J AOAC Int 2012; 95:216-21. [PMID: 22468362 DOI: 10.5740/jaoacint.11-013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
To eliminate the interference caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa in the isolation of Salmonella, a rabbit polyclonal antibody against P. aeruginosa was prepared by inoculating four New Zealand rabbits with the pathogen. The antiserum was purified using saturated ammonium sulfate and added into Rappaport-Vassiliadis medium with soya (RVS) broth and Muller-Kauffmann tetrathionate novobiocin broth (MKTTn broth) to evaluate whether it could inhibit the growth of P. aeruginosa. Observations by scanning electron microscopy demonstrated that P. aeruginosa was attacked and destroyed by the antibody when incubated for 10 min at 37 degrees C. The activity of the antibody was also effective against 11 other strains of P. aeruginosa. Twenty-six strains of Salmonella were mixed with P. aeruginosa in RVS and MKTTn broth at 37 degrees C for 12 h, respectively, and the cultures were plated on Salmonella chromogenic medium (SCM; Oxoid, Basingstoke, UK). Only Salmonella grew on SCM; five colonies were randomly selected for identification by VITEK 2 (bioMérieux, Lyon, France). Additionally, when mixed with two strains of Enterobacter cloacae (ATCC 700323 and YG001), the prepared antibody did not affect the growth of E. cloacae. The results demonstrated that the microbicidal activity of the antibody did not affect the tested Salmonella sp. or E. cloacae strains. Therefore, the antibody generated could be used to increase the accuracy of Salmonella isolation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xizhi Xiao
- Northwest A & F University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangling, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China 712100
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DebMandal M, Mandal S, Pal NK. Serologic evidence of human leptospirosis in and around Kolkata, India: a clinico-epidemiological study. ASIAN PAC J TROP MED 2012; 4:1001-6. [PMID: 22118039 DOI: 10.1016/s1995-7645(11)60234-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2011] [Revised: 08/15/2011] [Accepted: 08/15/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the prevalence of leptospirosis among patients from within and outside Kolkata, India, attending the Calcutta School of Tropical Medicine, for treatment during August 2002 to August 2008. METHODS The leptospirosis cases were determined on the basis of clinical, epidemiological, and biochemical factors, and were tested for leptospiral antibodies using IgM ELISA. Serum samples with absorbance ratio ≥ 1.21 were interpreted as reactive. RESULTS The commonest presentation involved fever, headache and jaundice. The male-female ratio was 61:46. A total of 65(64.20%) cases had abnormal liver and renal functions respectively, and 57.1% had both the abnormalities. The highest incidence (75, 35.04%) was recorded in September-October followed by July-August (53, 24.77%). The reactive cases had absorbance ratios between 1.21 and 8.21, and 53 showed equivocal result, while IgM non reactivity were seen in 90 patients (absorbance ratios 0.10-0.90). The patients responded to treatment with parenteral antibiotics, penicillin, ceftriaxone and cefotaxime; follow up did not reveal case fatality. CONCLUSIONS The cardinal signs of leptospirosis help in making clinical diagnosis, but in any hyper-endemic situation any patient reporting with acute fever and signs of pulmonary, hepatic or renal involvement should be suspected to have leptospirosis and investigated accordingly. Increased awareness, and early diagnosis and treatment, can reduce mortality due to leptospirosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manisha DebMandal
- Department of Bacteriology and Serology, Calcutta School of Tropical Medicine, Kolkata, India
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Zhao H, Nakamura K, Kohda T, Mukamoto M, Kozaki S. Characterization of the monoclonal antibody response to botulinum neurotoxin type A in the complexed and uncomplexed forms. Jpn J Infect Dis 2012; 65:138-145. [PMID: 22446121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Clostridium botulinum produces large complex toxins, which include botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) and auxiliary non-toxic proteins. We prepared monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) from mice that were immunized several times with BoNT/A after basal immunization with toxoid. We then examined the reactivities of these mAbs to BoNT and toxoid and showed that some mAbs reacted to only BoNT. This result indicates that the antigenicity of BoNT/A partially disappeared with formalin treatment. Some mAbs that specifically recognized either BoNT/A1 or BoNT/A2 were considered useful as detection antibodies specific for the BoNT/A subtype. Results of a neutralizing test with mAbs against either BoNT/A1 or BoNT/A2 showed that neutralizing antibody recognition sites were present in the light chain, heavy chain (N-terminal half), and heavy chain (C-terminal half) domains. Investigation of the different binding capabilities of the mAbs to BoNT and the complex toxin by immunoprecipitation suggested that the light chain of BoNT is exposed at the molecular surface of the complex toxin since there was no difference in the binding of light chain-specific mAb to BoNT and the complex toxin. The heavy chain is related to BoNT binding to non-toxic components, because the reactivity of the heavy chain to some mAbs was influenced by non-toxic components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyang Zhao
- Department of Veterinary Science, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Osaka 598-8531, Japan
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Sui J, Cao L, Lin H. Antibacterial activity of egg yolk antibody (IgY) against Listeria monocytogenes and preliminary evaluation of its potential for food preservation. J Sci Food Agric 2011; 91:1946-1950. [PMID: 21495036 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.4381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2009] [Revised: 12/03/2010] [Accepted: 02/10/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Egg yolk antibody (IgY) is a unique type of immunoglobulin found in egg yolks, and many reports have described its ability to inhibit corresponding antigen bacteria. The objective of this study was to evaluate the antibacterial activity of IgY specific to Listeria monocytogenes, an important food pathogen to both humans and animals, as well as its potential use for food preservation. RESULTS Specific IgY was generated by immunising Leghorn chickens with whole cells of L. monocytogenes, and its inhibitory effect on bacterial growth was tested in liquid medium and food samples. After 8 h of incubation with specific IgY, there was a significant decrease in the growth (absorbance at 600 nm) of L. monocytogenes in comparison with controls. IgY also inhibited the growth of L. monocytogenes inoculated onto fresh or smoked salmon samples. Compared with those of blanks, numbers of L. monocytogenes were reduced by more than 2 log units after 15 days of storage at 6 ± 1 °C in the presence of specific IgY. CONCLUSION The results suggest the potential application of specific IgY as a natural antimicrobial agent for food preservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianxin Sui
- Food Safety Laboratory, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
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Fischer K, Beatty WL, Jiang D, Weil GJ, Fischer PU. Tissue and stage-specific distribution of Wolbachia in Brugia malayi. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2011; 5:e1174. [PMID: 21629728 PMCID: PMC3101188 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0001174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2011] [Accepted: 04/01/2011] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Most filarial parasite species contain Wolbachia, obligatory bacterial endosymbionts that are crucial for filarial development and reproduction. They are targets for alternative chemotherapy, but their role in the biology of filarial nematodes is not well understood. Light microscopy provides important information on morphology, localization and potential function of these bacteria. Surprisingly, immunohistology and in situ hybridization techniques have not been widely used to monitor Wolbachia distribution during the filarial life cycle. Methods/Principal Findings A monoclonal antibody directed against Wolbachia surface protein and in situ hybridization targeting Wolbachia 16S rRNA were used to monitor Wolbachia during the life cycle of B. malayi. In microfilariae and vector stage larvae only a few cells contain Wolbachia. In contrast, large numbers of Wolbachia were detected in the lateral chords of L4 larvae, but no endobacteria were detected in the genital primordium. In young adult worms (5 weeks p.i.), a massive expansion of Wolbachia was observed in the lateral chords adjacent to ovaries or testis, but no endobacteria were detected in the growth zone of the ovaries, uterus, the growth zone of the testis or the vas deferens. Confocal laser scanning and transmission electron microscopy showed that numerous Wolbachia are aligned towards the developing ovaries and single endobacteria were detected in the germline. In inseminated females (8 weeks p.i.) Wolbachia were observed in the ovaries, embryos and in decreasing numbers in the lateral chords. In young males Wolbachia were found in distinct zones of the testis and in large numbers in the lateral chords in the vicinity of testicular tissue but never in mature spermatids or spermatozoa. Conclusions Immunohistology and in situ hybridization show distinct tissue and stage specific distribution patterns for Wolbachia in B. malayi. Extensive multiplication of Wolbachia occurs in the lateral chords of L4 and young adults adjacent to germline cells. Most filarial nematodes contain Wolbachia endobacteria that are essential for development and reproduction. An antibody against a Wolbachia surface protein was used to monitor the distribution of endobacteria during the B. malayi life cycle. In situ hybridization with probes binding to Wolbachia 16S rRNA were used to confirm results. Only a few cells contain Wolbachia in microfilariae and vector stage larvae; this suggests that the bacteria need to be maintained, but may have limited importance for these stages. Large numbers of Wolbachia were detected in the lateral chords of L4 larvae and of young adult worms, but not in the developing reproductive tissue. Confocal laser scanning and transmission electron microscopy showed that Wolbachia are aligned towards the developing germline. It can be hypothesized that Wolbachia invade developing ovaries from the lateral chords. In inseminated females, Wolbachia were detected in the ovaries and embryos. In young males, Wolbachia were found in parts of the testis and in the lateral chords in the vicinity of testicular tissue but never in mature spermatids or spermatozoa. The process of overcoming tissue boundaries to ensure transovarial transmission of Wolbachia could be an Achilles heel in the life cycle of B. malayi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerstin Fischer
- Infectious Diseases Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Wandy L. Beatty
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Daojun Jiang
- Infectious Diseases Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Gary J. Weil
- Infectious Diseases Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Peter U. Fischer
- Infectious Diseases Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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La-Ard A, Amavisit P, Sukpuaram T, Wajjwalku W. Evaluation of recombinant Lig antigen-based ELISA for detection of leptospiral antibodies in canine sera. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health 2011; 42:128-137. [PMID: 21323175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Abstract. The objectives of this study were to clone the conserved region of leptospiral immunoglobulin-like protein (lig) gene and evaluate the utility of the recombinant Lig as an ELISA antigen for detection of leptospiral antibodies in canine sera. Leptospira kirschneri serovar Grippotyposa strain Moskva V was chosen to be a target for cloning the conserved region of Lig gene. This assay was evaluated with canine sera (n = 91) that were MAT-negative (< 1:100 dilution) and sera (n = 103) that were MAT-positive (> or = 1:100 dilution) using 24 serovars. The ELISA showed a relative sensitivity as compared to MAT of 84.5% whereas the specificity was 76.9%. This assay is simple and can be routinely prepared in large amounts. It was concluded that the GST.Lig recombinant protein-based ELISA could be used as a screening test for serodiagnosis of canine leptospirosis with also for confirmation of MAT-positive test results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anchalee La-Ard
- Center for Agricultural Biotechnology, Kasetsart University, Kamphaeng Saen Campus, Nakhon Pathom
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon M Patten
- Department of Intensive Care, Royal Alexandra Hospital, Paisley, UK.
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40
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Rosenfeld R, Marcus H, Ben-Arie E, Lachmi BE, Mechaly A, Reuveny S, Gat O, Mazor O, Ordentlich A. Isolation and chimerization of a highly neutralizing antibody conferring passive protection against lethal Bacillus anthracis infection. PLoS One 2009; 4:e6351. [PMID: 19629185 PMCID: PMC2710523 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0006351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2009] [Accepted: 06/22/2009] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Several studies have demonstrated that the passive transfer of protective antigen (PA)-neutralizing antibodies can protect animals against Bacillus anthracis infection. The standard protocol for the isolation of PA-neutralizing monoclonal antibodies is based upon a primary selection of the highest PA-binders by ELISA, and usually yields only few candidates antibodies. We demonstrated that by applying a PA-neutralization functionality-based screen as the primary criterion for positive clones, it was possible to isolate more than 100 PA-neutralizing antibodies, some of which exhibited no measurable anti-PA titers in ELISA. Among the large panel of neutralizing antibodies identified, mAb 29 demonstrated the most potent activity, and was therefore chimerized. The variable region genes of the mAb 29 were fused to human constant region genes, to form the chimeric 29 antibody (cAb 29). Guinea pigs were fully protected against infection by 40LD(50)B. anthracis spores following two separate administrations with 10 mg/kg of cAb 29: the first administration was given before the challenge, and a second dose was administered on day 4 following exposure. Moreover, animals that survived the challenge and developed endogenous PA-neutralizing antibodies with neutralizing titers above 100 were fully protected against repeat challenges with 40LD(50) of B. anthracis spores. The data presented here emphasize the importance of toxin neutralization-based screens for the efficient isolation of protective antibodies that were probably overlooked in the standard screening protocol. The protective activity of the chimeric cAb 29 demonstrated in this study suggest that it may serve as an effective immunotherapeutic agent against anthrax.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronit Rosenfeld
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona, Israel
| | - Hadar Marcus
- Department of Biotechnology, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona, Israel
| | - Einat Ben-Arie
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona, Israel
| | - Bat-El Lachmi
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona, Israel
| | - Adva Mechaly
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona, Israel
| | - Shaul Reuveny
- Department of Biotechnology, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona, Israel
| | - Orit Gat
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona, Israel
| | - Ohad Mazor
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona, Israel
| | - Arie Ordentlich
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona, Israel
- * E-mail:
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Brandén E, Koyi H, Gnarpe J, Gnarpe H, Tornling G. Intermittent azithromycin treatment for respiratory symptoms in patients with chronic chlamydia pneumoniae infection. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 36:811-6. [PMID: 15764166 DOI: 10.1080/00365540512331336622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Chlamydia pneumoniae (Cpn) is a common respiratory pathogen with a biphasic replicative cycle and has a tendency to cause chronic infections. Azithromycin is commonly used for the treatment of Cpn infections, but little is known about the optimal dose and duration of therapy. In this prospective double-blind, randomized study the effects of azithromycin and placebo were compared regarding longstanding airway and/or pharyngeal symptoms in patients with chronic Cpn infection. Further, effects on antibody titres and lung function were assessed. 103 patients were treated with either azithromycin 500 mg daily for 5 d, repeated 3 times with a 23-d interval, or placebo. Patients were examined 4 months and 1 y after completed treatment. Evaluation of symptoms showed general improvement and less hawking in patients treated with azithromycin compared to placebo after 4 months, but there was no sustained difference 1 y after completed treatment. The antibody titres remained stable, and there was no influence on lung function. Adverse events, primarily gastrointestinal, were more frequently reported with azithromycin than placebo. In conclusion, azithromycin was effective for reduction of respiratory symptoms in patients with chronic Cpn infection, but prolonged intermittent treatment with high doses did not eradicate the chronic infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Brandén
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
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42
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Anindita M, Upadhye V, Thamke D, Mendiratta DK, Harinath BC. Mycobacterial ES-31 serine protease--a biomarker for mycobacterium tuberculosis--a preliminary report. Indian J Tuberc 2009; 56:141-143. [PMID: 20349755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
There is a need for simple and reliable method to identify Mycobacterium tuberculosis from AFB smear positive cases. Utility of mycobacterial ES-31 serine protease as a marker to detect Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacilli was explored using Fluorescein isothiocyanate conjugated anti-ES-31 serine protease antibody. The presence of ES-31 serine protease in bacilli was indicated by green fluorescence on the cell surface. Green fluorescence was observed with M.tb.H37Ra bacilli and M.tb.H37Rv bacilli while no Fluorescence was observed with M. chelonae, Nocardia farcinicum as well as in E. coli showing the usefulness of ES-31 serine protease as a marker for identification of mycobacterium tubercle bacilli in cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Anindita
- Jamnalal Bajaj Tropical Disease Research Centre, Sevagram, Wardha
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Misiuk-Hojło M, Michałowska M, Turno-Krecicka A. Helicobacter pylori--a risk factor for the developement of the central serous chorioretinopathy. Klin Oczna 2009; 111:30-32. [PMID: 19517842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To prove the influence oftte Helicobcter pylor for the development of the central serous chororetinopathy. MATERIAL AND METHODS We examined 55 patients with central serous chorioretinopathy confirmed by fluorescein angiogram and 55 controls. Each patient provided venous blood sample for IgG antibodies to Helicobacter pylori by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay technique (ELISA) and a stool specimen for Helicobacter pylori antigens. RESULTS 44% in CSC patients were positive results of stool examine and only 29% in group comtrol. In 67% of the patients we proved the presence of the antibodies IgG--anty Helicobacter pylori and in 47% controls. The difference was statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS Helicobacter pylori infection is statistically more frequently among the patients with CSC diagnosis than in healthy population.
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Yu D, McLean MD, Hall JC, Ghosh R. Purification of a human immunoglobulin G1 monoclonal antibody from transgenic tobacco using membrane chromatographic processes. J Chromatogr A 2008; 1187:128-37. [PMID: 18313066 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2008.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2007] [Revised: 02/01/2008] [Accepted: 02/05/2008] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Efficient purification of protein biopharmaceuticals from transgenic plants is a major challenge, primarily due to low target protein expression levels, and high impurity content in the feed streams. These challenges may be addressed by using membrane chromatography. This paper discusses the use of cation-exchange and Protein A affinity-based membrane chromatographic techniques, singly and in combination for the purification of an anti-Pseudomonas aerugenosa O6ad human IgG1 monoclonal antibody from transgenic tobacco. Protein A membrane chromatography on its own was unable to provide a pure product, mainly due to extensive non-specific binding of impurities. Moreover, the Protein A membrane showed severe fouling tendency and generated high back-pressure. With cation-exchange membrane chromatography, minimal membrane fouling and high permeability were observed but high purity could not be achieved using one-step. Therefore, by using a combination of the cation-exchange and Protein A membrane chromatography, in that order, both high purity and recovery were achieved with high permeability. The antibody purification method was first systematically optimized using a simulated feed solution. Anti-P. aeruginosa human IgG1 type monoclonal antibody was then purified from transgenic tobacco juice using this optimized method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deqiang Yu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L7, Canada
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Premaratna R, Loftis AD, Chandrasena TGAN, Dasch GA, de Silva HJ. Rickettsial infections and their clinical presentations in the Western Province of Sri Lanka: a hospital-based study. Int J Infect Dis 2008; 12:198-202. [PMID: 17900956 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2007.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2006] [Revised: 02/21/2007] [Accepted: 06/18/2007] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rickettsial infections are re-emerging. A study of the geographical distribution of rickettsial infections, their clinical manifestations, and their complications would facilitate early diagnosis. METHODS Thirty-one selected patients from the Western Province of Sri Lanka were studied for rickettsial species, clinical manifestations, and complications. RESULTS Of 31 patients with possible rickettsioses, 29 (94%) fell into the categories of confirmed, presumptive, or exposed cases of acute rickettsial infections (scrub typhus was diagnosed in 19 (66%), spotted fever group in eight (28%)). Early acute infection or past exposure was suggested in two (7%) cases; cross-reactivity of antigens or past exposure to one or more species was suggested in nine (31%). Seventeen out of 19 (89%) patients with scrub typhus had eschars. Nine out of 29 (32%) patients had a discrete erythematous papular rash: seven caused by spotted fever group, two by scrub typhus. Severe complications were pneumonitis in eight (28%), myocarditis in five (17%), deafness in four (14%), and tinnitus in two (7%). The mean duration of illness before onset of complications was 12.0 (SD 1.4) days. All patients except one made a good clinical recovery with doxycycline or a combination of doxycycline and chloramphenicol. CONCLUSIONS In a region representing the low country wet zone of Sri Lanka, the main rickettsial agent seems to be Orientia tsutsugamushi. Delay in diagnosis may result in complications. All species responded well to current treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Premaratna
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Kelaniya, PO Box 6, Thalagolla Rd, Ragama, Sri Lanka.
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Poulsen TR, Meijer PJ, Jensen A, Nielsen LS, Andersen PS. Kinetic, affinity, and diversity limits of human polyclonal antibody responses against tetanus toxoid. J Immunol 2007; 179:3841-50. [PMID: 17785821 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.179.6.3841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Due to technical limitations, little knowledge exists on the composition of Ag-specific polyclonal Ab responses. Hence, we here present a molecular analysis of two representative human Ab repertoires isolated by using a novel single-cell cloning approach. The observed genetic diversity among tetanus toxoid-specific plasma cells indicate that human polyclonal repertoires are limited to the order of 100 B cell clones and hypermutated variants thereof. Affinity and kinetic binding constants are log-normally distributed, and median values are close to the proposed affinity ceilings for positive selection. Abs varied a million-fold in affinity but were restricted in their off-rates with an upper limit of 2 x 10(-3) s(-1). Identification of Abs of high affinity without hypermutations in combination with a modest effect of hypermutations on observed affinity increases indicate that Abs selected from the naive repertoire are not only of low affinity but cover a relatively large span in affinity, reaching into the subnanomolar range.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Antibodies, Bacterial/biosynthesis
- Antibodies, Bacterial/genetics
- Antibodies, Bacterial/isolation & purification
- Antibodies, Bacterial/metabolism
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/biosynthesis
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/genetics
- Antibody Affinity/genetics
- Antibody Diversity/genetics
- Clostridium tetani/immunology
- Complementarity Determining Regions/biosynthesis
- Complementarity Determining Regions/genetics
- Female
- Gene Rearrangement, B-Lymphocyte, Heavy Chain
- Humans
- Immunoglobulin Joining Region/biosynthesis
- Immunoglobulin Joining Region/genetics
- Immunoglobulin Variable Region/biosynthesis
- Immunoglobulin Variable Region/genetics
- Kinetics
- Male
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
- Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid
- Tetanus Toxoid/immunology
- Tetanus Toxoid/metabolism
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Chirathaworn C, Kaewopas Y, Poovorawan Y, Suwancharoen D. Comparison of a slide agglutination test, LeptoTek Dri-Dot, and IgM-ELISA with microscopic agglutination test for Leptospira antibody detection. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health 2007; 38:1111-1114. [PMID: 18613554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
A slide agglutination test (SAT), LeptoTek Dri-Dot and IgM-ELISA were compared with a microscopic agglutination test (MAT) for the detection of Leptospira antibodies. Paired sera from 10 patients whose leptospirosis was clinically suspected and diagnosed by MAT, were evaluated in this study. Our data, especially from acute samples, demonstrate the SAT and Dri-Dot were more sensitive as initial screening tests than MAT. IgM-ELISA has an advantage over MAT, SAT, and Dri-Dot since the results can be interpreted from a single serum testing if the results of the test are positive. Eight of the ten cases could be diagnosed by IgM-ELISA. Our data suggest that IgM-ELISA may be used for the diagnosis of leptospirosis. However, the agglutination test is useful for screening and for secondary infection cases for which IgM antibodies may be undetectable. MAT can be performed as a reference test and when information regarding the causative serovar is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chintana Chirathaworn
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.
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Singh AV, Singh SV, Makharia GK, Singh PK, Sohal JS. Presence and characterization of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis from clinical and suspected cases of Crohn's disease and in the healthy human population in India. Int J Infect Dis 2007; 12:190-7. [PMID: 17913536 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2007.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2006] [Revised: 06/01/2007] [Accepted: 06/21/2007] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate and characterize Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) in patients with Crohn's disease, attendants of animals with suspected infection, and healthy humans, using multiple diagnostic tests. METHODS A total of 119 samples (35 stool, 76 serum, three blood clots, and five biopsies) were collected from five patients with Crohn's disease, eight attendants of animals with Johne's disease, and 93 apparently normal control subjects (Agra region) from North India. Samples were screened for the presence of MAP by smear examination, culture of stool, blood clot and biopsies, and ELISA. Colonies obtained by culture were further characterized using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with IS900 MAP-specific primers. RESULTS Using all diagnostic modalities, MAP and/or MAP antibodies were identified in 100% (5/5) of subjects with Crohn's disease; 75.0% (6/8) of attendants of MAP infected animals were positive and 38.0% (27/71) of apparently normal controls were also positive. Most sensitive test was ELISA (100%, 5/5), followed by culture (80.0%, 4/5), and acid-fast staining. Ziehl-Neelsen staining was positive in 37.5% (3/8) of subjects with active animal husbandry practices. In 71 serum samples from control subjects, seroprevalence of MAP was 38.0% using indigenous protoplasmic antigens (PPA) and 36.6% using commercial PPA. Of the serum samples from the Crohn's disease patients, 100% (5/5) were positive by ELISA using indigenous PPA and 40.0% (2/5) were positive by ELISA using commercial PPA. IS900 PCR was used to characterize tiny colonies of MAP that grew extremely slowly on Herrold's egg yolk medium, and of 15 (42.8%) cultures, 14 (93.3%) were typed as MAP. CONCLUSIONS Paper documented the presence of MAP in all patients with Crohn's disease, in some animal attendants who had the history of working with goat herds infected with Johne's disease and in few normal healthy individuals. Presence of Ziehl Neelsen positive MAP. In the stool of attendants working with MAP-infected animals was unique to humans. ELISA based on antigens derived from indigenous MAP 'bison type' genotype of goat origin was most sensitive modality for screening Crohn's disease patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- A V Singh
- Veterinary Microbiology Laboratory, Animal Health Division, Central Institute for Research on Goats, Makhdoom, Farah, Mathura (UP), 281 122 India
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Abstract
Although the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection pandemic has had a catastrophic impact on tuberculosis (TB) control efforts, especially in sub-Saharan Africa, most of the fundamental concepts reflected in the directly observed treatment, short course (DOTS) strategy still hold true in the HIV era. What has changed, and dramatically, is the importance of speedy and accurate TB diagnosis and the difficulty of achieving this. The disproportionate amount of smear-negative disease in sub-Saharan Africa, which shoulders two-thirds of the global burden of HIV infection and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, has greatly complicated TB case detection and disease control. Now, 15 years after TB rates began to soar in countries where HIV infection is prevalent, we have learned that the conventional approach -- passively waiting for patients with advanced symptomatic disease to make their way to microscopy centers for diagnosis -- has disastrous consequences. Without better diagnostic tools for TB and effective strategies for their implementation, transmission will not be interrupted, mortality will not be checked, and TB will not be controlled in areas where HIV infection is prevalent. Fortunately, a number of technical opportunities exist for the creation of improved diagnostic tests. Developing and exploiting such tests to support TB control in HIV-infected populations is an urgent priority. A substantial public sector effort is under way to work in partnership with the biotechnology industry to accelerate progress toward that goal. In this article, we will define the need for better TB tests and describe technologies being developed to meet that need.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark D Perkins
- Foundation for Innovative New Diagnostics, Geneva, Switzerland.
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50
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Jones ML, Barnard RT. Use of chimeric antibodies as positive controls in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for diagnosis of scrub typhus (infection by Orientia tsutsugamushi). Clin Vaccine Immunol 2007; 14:1307-10. [PMID: 17687111 PMCID: PMC2168107 DOI: 10.1128/cvi.00114-07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The use of human sera collected from individuals of known infected and noninfected status is necessary for the validation of diagnostic assays and for the determination of cutoff values. However, the routine inclusion of pooled human sera from infected individuals for use as positive controls in commercial assay kits has many disadvantages. Sufficient quantities of sera can be difficult to obtain, and there are ethical and safety issues to be considered. Additionally, each batch of control material requires standardization, as each will differ in antibody titer. We have genetically engineered chimeric immunoglobulin G (IgG), IgM, and IgA antibodies consisting of mouse-derived variable regions and human constant regions derived from peripheral blood lymphocytes. The chimeric nature of these antibodies allows the desired antigen specificity created through mouse immunization and hybridoma technology while retaining a human constant region required for recognition by the enzyme-conjugated antihuman signal antibody. We have investigated the potential use of chimeric IgG with specificity for the major surface antigen of Orientia tsutsugamushi as an alternative positive control for inclusion in a commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit for the diagnosis of rickettsia scrub typhus (caused by infection with O. tsutsugamushi). Chimeric IgG was expressed in stably transfected CHO cells, allowing production of unlimited quantities. The purified protein was found to have a much greater specificity for the scrub typhus antigen than the serum-derived controls. The methods described could be applied to other assay kits for the detection of antibodies against infectious agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina L Jones
- School of Molecular and Microbial Sciences, University of Queensland, St. Lucia 4072, QLD, Australia.
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