1
|
House RV, Broge TA, Suscovich TJ, Snow DM, Tomic MT, Nonet G, Bajwa K, Zhu G, Martinez Z, Hackett K, Earnhart CG, Dorsey NM, Hopkins SA, Natour DS, Davis HD, Anderson MS, Gainey MR, Cobb RR. Evaluation of strategies to modify Anti-SARS-CoV-2 monoclonal antibodies for optimal functionality as therapeutics. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0267796. [PMID: 35657812 PMCID: PMC9165815 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0267796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The current global COVID-19 pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has resulted in a public health crisis with more than 168 million cases reported globally and more than 4.5 million deaths at the time of writing. In addition to the direct impact of the disease, the economic impact has been significant as public health measures to contain or reduce the spread have led to country wide lockdowns resulting in near closure of many sectors of the economy. Antibodies are a principal determinant of the humoral immune response to COVID-19 infections and may have the potential to reduce disease and spread of the virus. The development of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) represents a therapeutic option that can be produced at large quantity and high quality. In the present study, a mAb combination mixture therapy was investigated for its capability to specifically neutralize SARS-CoV-2. We demonstrate that each of the antibodies bind the spike protein and neutralize the virus, preventing it from infecting cells in an in vitro cell-based assay, including multiple viral variants that are currently circulating in the human population. In addition, we investigated the effects of two different mutations in the Fc portion (YTE and LALA) of the antibody on Fc effector function and the ability to alleviate potential antibody-dependent enhancement of disease. These data demonstrate the potential of a combination of two mAbs that target two different epitopes on the SARS-CoV2 spike protein to provide protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection in humans while extending serum half-life and preventing antibody-dependent enhancement of disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Doris M. Snow
- Ology Bioservices, Frederick, MD, United States of America
| | - Milan T. Tomic
- Research and Development, Ology Bioservices, Inc., Alameda, CA, United States of America
| | - Genevieve Nonet
- Research and Development, Ology Bioservices, Inc., Alameda, CA, United States of America
| | - Kamaljit Bajwa
- Research and Development, Ology Bioservices, Inc., Alameda, CA, United States of America
| | - Guangyu Zhu
- Research and Development, Ology Bioservices, Inc., Alameda, CA, United States of America
| | - Zachary Martinez
- Research and Development, Ology Bioservices, Inc., Alameda, CA, United States of America
| | - Kyal Hackett
- Ology Bioservices, Frederick, MD, United States of America
| | - Christopher G. Earnhart
- US Department of Defense, Joint Program Executive Office for Chemical, Biological, Radiological, Nuclear Defense (JPEO-CBRND), Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Nicole M. Dorsey
- US Department of Defense, Joint Program Executive Office for Chemical, Biological, Radiological, Nuclear Defense (JPEO-CBRND), Washington, DC, United States of America
| | | | - Dalia S. Natour
- Battelle Biomedical Research Center, West Jefferson, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Heather D. Davis
- Battelle Biomedical Research Center, West Jefferson, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Michael S. Anderson
- Battelle Biomedical Research Center, West Jefferson, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Melicia R. Gainey
- Battelle Biomedical Research Center, West Jefferson, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Ronald R. Cobb
- Process Development, Ology Bioservices, Alachua, FL, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Cobb RR, Nkolola J, Gilchuk P, Chandrashekar A, Yu J, House RV, Earnhart CG, Dorsey NM, Hopkins SA, Snow DM, Chen RE, VanBlargan LA, Hechenblaickner M, Hoppe B, Collins L, Tomic MT, Nonet GH, Hackett K, Slaughter JC, Lewis MG, Andersen H, Cook A, Diamond MS, Carnahan RH, Barouch DH, Crowe JE. A combination of two human neutralizing antibodies prevents SARS-CoV-2 infection in cynomolgus macaques. Med 2022; 3:188-203.e4. [PMID: 35132398 PMCID: PMC8810411 DOI: 10.1016/j.medj.2022.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human monoclonal antibody (mAb) treatments are promising for COVID-19 prevention or therapy. The pre-exposure prophylactic efficacy of neutralizing antibodies that are engineered with mutations to extend their persistence in human serum and the neutralizing antibody titer in serum required for protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection remain poorly characterized. METHODS The Fc region of two neutralizing mAbs (COV2-2130 and COV2-2381) targeting non-overlapping epitopes on the receptor binding domain of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein was engineered to extend their persistence in humans and reduce interactions with Fc gamma receptors. We assessed protection by individual antibodies or a combination of the two antibodies (designated ADM03820) given prophylactically by an intravenous or intramuscular route in a non-human primate (NHP) model of SARS-CoV-2 infection. FINDINGS Passive transfer of individual mAbs or ADM03820 conferred virological protection in the NHP respiratory tract in a dose-dependent manner, and ADM03820 potently neutralized SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern in vitro. We defined a protective serum-neutralizing antibody titer and concentration in NHPs for passively transferred human antibodies that acted by direct viral neutralization. CONCLUSIONS In summary, we demonstrate that neutralizing antibodies with extended half-life and lacking Fc-mediated effector functions are efficient for pre-exposure prophylaxis of SARS-CoV-2 infection in NHPs. These results support clinical development of ADM03820 for COVID-19 prevention. FUNDING This research was supported by a contract from the JPEO-CBRND (W911QY-20-9-003, 20-05); the Joint Sciences and Technology Office and Joint Program Executive Office (MCDC-16-01-002 JSTO, JPEO); a DARPA grant (HR0011-18-2-0001); an NIH grant (R01 AI157155); and the 2019 Future Insight Prize from Merck KGaA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ronald R Cobb
- Ology Bioservices, Process Development and Manufacturing, Alachua, FL 32615, USA
| | - Joseph Nkolola
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Pavlo Gilchuk
- Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Abishek Chandrashekar
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Jingyou Yu
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | | | - Christopher G Earnhart
- Joint Program Executive Office for Chemical, Biological, Radiological, and Nuclear Defense, US Department of Defense, Frederick, MD 21703, USA
| | - Nicole M Dorsey
- Joint Program Executive Office for Chemical, Biological, Radiological, and Nuclear Defense, US Department of Defense, Frederick, MD 21703, USA
| | | | | | - Rita E Chen
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Laura A VanBlargan
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | | | - Brian Hoppe
- Ology Bioservices, Process Development and Manufacturing, Alachua, FL 32615, USA
| | - Laura Collins
- Ology Bioservices, Process Development and Manufacturing, Alachua, FL 32615, USA
| | - Milan T Tomic
- Research and Development, Ology Bioservices, Inc., Alameda 94501, CA, USA
| | - Genevieve H Nonet
- Research and Development, Ology Bioservices, Inc., Alameda 94501, CA, USA
| | | | - James C Slaughter
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | | | | | | | - Michael S Diamond
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Robert H Carnahan
- Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Dan H Barouch
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - James E Crowe
- Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| |
Collapse
|