1
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McFadden E, Monticelli SR, Wang A, Ramamohan AR, Batchelor TG, Kuehne AI, Bakken RR, Tse AL, Chandran K, Herbert AS, McLellan JS. Engineering, structure, and immunogenicity of a Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus pre-fusion heterotrimeric glycoprotein complex. bioRxiv 2024:2024.04.20.590419. [PMID: 38659837 PMCID: PMC11042304 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.20.590419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) is a tick-borne virus that can cause severe disease in humans with case fatality rates of 10-40%. Although structures of CCHFV glycoproteins GP38 and Gc have provided insights into viral entry and defined epitopes of neutralizing and protective antibodies, the structure of glycoprotein Gn and its interactions with GP38 and Gc have remained elusive. Here, we used structure-guided protein engineering to produce a stabilized GP38-Gn-Gc heterotrimeric glycoprotein complex (GP38-GnH-DS-Gc). A cryo-EM structure of this complex provides the molecular basis for GP38's association on the viral surface, reveals the structure of Gn, and demonstrates that GP38-Gn restrains the Gc fusion loops in the prefusion conformation, facilitated by an N-linked glycan attached to Gn. Immunization with GP38-GnH-DS-Gc conferred 40% protection against lethal IbAr10200 challenge in mice. These data define the architecture of a GP38-Gn-Gc protomer and provide a template for structure-guided vaccine antigen development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth McFadden
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Stephanie R. Monticelli
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, MD, USA
- The Geneva Foundation, Tacoma, WA, USA
| | - Albert Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Ajit R. Ramamohan
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Thomas G. Batchelor
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, MD, USA
- Oak Ridge Institute of Science Education, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - Ana I. Kuehne
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, MD, USA
| | - Russell R. Bakken
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, MD, USA
| | - Alexandra L. Tse
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Kartik Chandran
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Andrew S. Herbert
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, MD, USA
| | - Jason S. McLellan
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
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2
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Shin OS, Monticelli SR, Hjorth CK, Hornet V, Doyle M, Abelson D, Kuehne AI, Wang A, Bakken RR, Mishra A, Middlecamp M, Champney E, Stuart L, Maurer DP, Li J, Berrigan J, Barajas J, Balinandi S, Lutwama JJ, Lobel L, Zeitlin L, Walker LM, Dye JM, Chandran K, Herbert AS, Pauli NT, McLellan JS. Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Survivors Elicit Protective Non-Neutralizing Antibodies that Target 11 Overlapping Regions on Viral Glycoprotein GP38. bioRxiv 2024:2024.03.02.583110. [PMID: 38496658 PMCID: PMC10942344 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.02.583110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus can cause lethal disease in humans yet there are no approved medical countermeasures. Viral glycoprotein GP38, unique to Nairoviridae, is a target of protective antibodies, but extensive mapping of the human antibody response to GP38 has not been previously performed. Here, we isolated 188 GP38-specific antibodies from human survivors of infection. Competition experiments showed that these antibodies bind across five distinct antigenic sites, encompassing eleven overlapping regions. Additionally, we reveal structures of GP38 bound with nine of these antibodies targeting different antigenic sites. Although GP38-specific antibodies were non-neutralizing, several antibodies were found to have protection equal to or better than murine antibody 13G8 in two highly stringent rodent models of infection. Together, these data expand our understanding regarding this important viral protein and inform the development of broadly effective CCHFV antibody therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stephanie R. Monticelli
- U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, MD 21702, USA
- Geneva Foundation, Tacoma, WA 98042, USA
| | - Christy K. Hjorth
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | | | | | - Dafna Abelson
- Mapp Biopharmaceutical, Inc., San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Ana I. Kuehne
- U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Albert Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Russell R. Bakken
- U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Akaash Mishra
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | | | | | - Lauran Stuart
- Mapp Biopharmaceutical, Inc., San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | | | | | - Jacob Berrigan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | | | | | | | - Leslie Lobel
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Larry Zeitlin
- Mapp Biopharmaceutical, Inc., San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | | | - John M. Dye
- U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Kartik Chandran
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Andrew S. Herbert
- U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, MD 21702, USA
| | | | - Jason S. McLellan
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
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3
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Slough MM, Li R, Herbert AS, Lasso G, Kuehne AI, Monticelli SR, Bakken RR, Liu Y, Ghosh A, Moreau AM, Zeng X, Rey FA, Guardado-Calvo P, Almo SC, Dye JM, Jangra RK, Wang Z, Chandran K. Author Correction: Two point mutations in protocadherin-1 disrupt hantavirus recognition and afford protection against lethal infection. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5924. [PMID: 37739957 PMCID: PMC10517158 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41659-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/24/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Megan M Slough
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Rong Li
- Department of Animal, Dairy and Veterinary Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA
| | - Andrew S Herbert
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, MD, USA
| | - Gorka Lasso
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Ana I Kuehne
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, MD, USA
| | - Stephanie R Monticelli
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, MD, USA
- The Geneva Foundation, Tacoma, WA, USA
| | - Russell R Bakken
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, MD, USA
| | - Yanan Liu
- Department of Animal, Dairy and Veterinary Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA
| | - Agnidipta Ghosh
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Alicia M Moreau
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, MD, USA
| | - Xiankun Zeng
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, MD, USA
| | - Félix A Rey
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR3569, Structural Virology Unit, F-75015, Paris, France
| | - Pablo Guardado-Calvo
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR3569, Structural Virology Unit, F-75015, Paris, France
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Structural Biology of Infectious Diseases Unit, F-75015, Paris, France
| | - Steven C Almo
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - John M Dye
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, MD, USA
| | - Rohit K Jangra
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.
- Microbiology and Immunology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, USA.
| | - Zhongde Wang
- Department of Animal, Dairy and Veterinary Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA.
| | - Kartik Chandran
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.
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4
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Slough MM, Li R, Herbert AS, Lasso G, Kuehne AI, Monticelli SR, Bakken RR, Liu Y, Ghosh A, Moreau AM, Zeng X, Rey FA, Guardado-Calvo P, Almo SC, Dye JM, Jangra RK, Wang Z, Chandran K. Two point mutations in protocadherin-1 disrupt hantavirus recognition and afford protection against lethal infection. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4454. [PMID: 37488123 PMCID: PMC10366084 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40126-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Andes virus (ANDV) and Sin Nombre virus (SNV) are the etiologic agents of severe hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome (HCPS) in the Americas for which no FDA-approved countermeasures are available. Protocadherin-1 (PCDH1), a cadherin-superfamily protein recently identified as a critical host factor for ANDV and SNV, represents a new antiviral target; however, its precise role remains to be elucidated. Here, we use computational and experimental approaches to delineate the binding surface of the hantavirus glycoprotein complex on PCDH1's first extracellular cadherin repeat domain. Strikingly, a single amino acid residue in this PCDH1 surface influences the host species-specificity of SNV glycoprotein-PCDH1 interaction and cell entry. Mutation of this and a neighboring residue substantially protects Syrian hamsters from pulmonary disease and death caused by ANDV. We conclude that PCDH1 is a bona fide entry receptor for ANDV and SNV whose direct interaction with hantavirus glycoproteins could be targeted to develop new interventions against HCPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan M Slough
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Rong Li
- Department of Animal, Dairy and Veterinary Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA
| | - Andrew S Herbert
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, MD, USA
| | - Gorka Lasso
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Ana I Kuehne
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, MD, USA
| | - Stephanie R Monticelli
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, MD, USA
- The Geneva Foundation, Tacoma, WA, USA
| | - Russell R Bakken
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, MD, USA
| | - Yanan Liu
- Department of Animal, Dairy and Veterinary Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA
| | - Agnidipta Ghosh
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Alicia M Moreau
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, MD, USA
| | - Xiankun Zeng
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, MD, USA
| | - Félix A Rey
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR3569, Structural Virology Unit, F-75015, Paris, France
| | - Pablo Guardado-Calvo
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR3569, Structural Virology Unit, F-75015, Paris, France
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Structural Biology of Infectious Diseases Unit, F-75015, Paris, France
| | - Steven C Almo
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - John M Dye
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, MD, USA
| | - Rohit K Jangra
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.
- Microbiology and Immunology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, USA.
| | - Zhongde Wang
- Department of Animal, Dairy and Veterinary Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA.
| | - Kartik Chandran
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.
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5
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Mittler E, Wec AZ, Tynell J, Guardado-Calvo P, Wigren-Byström J, Polanco LC, O’Brien CM, Slough MM, Abelson DM, Serris A, Sakharkar M, Pehau-Arnaudet G, Bakken RR, Geoghegan JC, Jangra RK, Keller M, Zeitlin L, Vapalahti O, Ulrich RG, Bornholdt ZA, Ahlm C, Rey FA, Dye JM, Bradfute SB, Strandin T, Herbert AS, Forsell MN, Walker LM, Chandran K. Human antibody recognizing a quaternary epitope in the Puumala virus glycoprotein provides broad protection against orthohantaviruses. Sci Transl Med 2022; 14:eabl5399. [PMID: 35294259 PMCID: PMC9805701 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abl5399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The rodent-borne hantavirus Puumala virus (PUUV) and related agents cause hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) in humans. Other hantaviruses, including Andes virus (ANDV) and Sin Nombre virus, cause a distinct zoonotic disease, hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome (HCPS). Although these infections are severe and have substantial case fatality rates, no FDA-approved hantavirus countermeasures are available. Recent work suggests that monoclonal antibodies may have therapeutic utility. We describe here the isolation of human neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) against tetrameric Gn/Gc glycoprotein spikes from PUUV-experienced donors. We define a dominant class of nAbs recognizing the "capping loop" of Gn that masks the hydrophobic fusion loops in Gc. A subset of nAbs in this class, including ADI-42898, bound Gn/Gc complexes but not Gn alone, strongly suggesting that they recognize a quaternary epitope encompassing both Gn and Gc. ADI-42898 blocked the cell entry of seven HCPS- and HFRS-associated hantaviruses, and single doses of this nAb could protect Syrian hamsters and bank voles challenged with the highly virulent HCPS-causing ANDV and HFRS-causing PUUV, respectively. ADI-42898 is a promising candidate for clinical development as a countermeasure for both HCPS and HFRS, and its mode of Gn/Gc recognition informs the development of broadly protective hantavirus vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Mittler
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine; Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | | | - Janne Tynell
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Umeå University; Umeå, Sweden.,Zoonosis Unit, Department of Virology, University of Helsinki; Helsinki, Finland
| | - Pablo Guardado-Calvo
- Structural Virology Unit, Department of Virology, Institut Pasteur; Paris 75724, France
| | | | - Laura C. Polanco
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine; Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Cecilia M. O’Brien
- U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases; Fort Detrick, MD 21702, USA.,The Geneva Foundation; Tacoma, WA 98402, USA
| | - Megan M. Slough
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine; Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | | | - Alexandra Serris
- Structural Virology Unit, Department of Virology, Institut Pasteur; Paris 75724, France
| | | | - Gerard Pehau-Arnaudet
- Structural Virology Unit, Department of Virology, Institut Pasteur; Paris 75724, France
| | - Russell R. Bakken
- U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases; Fort Detrick, MD 21702, USA
| | | | - Rohit K. Jangra
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine; Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Markus Keller
- Institute of Novel and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health; 17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Larry Zeitlin
- Mapp Biopharmaceutical, Inc.; San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Olli Vapalahti
- Zoonosis Unit, Department of Virology, University of Helsinki; Helsinki, Finland.,Veterinary Biosciences, Veterinary Faculty, University of Helsinki; Helsinki, Finland
| | - Rainer G. Ulrich
- Institute of Novel and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health; 17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany.,Deutsches Zentrum für Infektionsforschung, Partner site Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel-Riems; Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | | | - Clas Ahlm
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Umeå University; Umeå, Sweden
| | - Felix A. Rey
- Structural Virology Unit, Department of Virology, Institut Pasteur; Paris 75724, France
| | - John M. Dye
- U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases; Fort Detrick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Steven B. Bradfute
- University of New Mexico Health Science Center, Center for Global Health, Department of Internal Medicine; Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Tomas Strandin
- Zoonosis Unit, Department of Virology, University of Helsinki; Helsinki, Finland.,Correspondence: (T.S.), (A.S.H.), (M.N.E.F.), (L.M.W.), (K.C.)
| | - Andrew S. Herbert
- U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases; Fort Detrick, MD 21702, USA.,The Geneva Foundation; Tacoma, WA 98402, USA.,Correspondence: (T.S.), (A.S.H.), (M.N.E.F.), (L.M.W.), (K.C.)
| | - Mattias N.E. Forsell
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Umeå University; Umeå, Sweden.,Correspondence: (T.S.), (A.S.H.), (M.N.E.F.), (L.M.W.), (K.C.)
| | - Laura M. Walker
- Adimab, LLC; Lebanon, NH 03766, USA.,Adagio Therapeutics, Inc.; Waltham, MA 02451, USA.,Correspondence: (T.S.), (A.S.H.), (M.N.E.F.), (L.M.W.), (K.C.)
| | - Kartik Chandran
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine; Bronx, NY 10461, USA.,Correspondence: (T.S.), (A.S.H.), (M.N.E.F.), (L.M.W.), (K.C.)
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6
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Fels JM, Maurer DP, Herbert AS, Wirchnianski AS, Vergnolle O, Cross RW, Abelson DM, Moyer CL, Mishra AK, Aguilan JT, Kuehne AI, Pauli NT, Bakken RR, Nyakatura EK, Hellert J, Quevedo G, Lobel L, Balinandi S, Lutwama JJ, Zeitlin L, Geisbert TW, Rey FA, Sidoli S, McLellan JS, Lai JR, Bornholdt ZA, Dye JM, Walker LM, Chandran K. Protective neutralizing antibodies from human survivors of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever. Cell 2021; 184:3486-3501.e21. [PMID: 34077751 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2021.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) is a World Health Organization priority pathogen. CCHFV infections cause a highly lethal hemorrhagic fever for which specific treatments and vaccines are urgently needed. Here, we characterize the human immune response to natural CCHFV infection to identify potent neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (nAbs) targeting the viral glycoprotein. Competition experiments showed that these nAbs bind six distinct antigenic sites in the Gc subunit. These sites were further delineated through mutagenesis and mapped onto a prefusion model of Gc. Pairwise screening identified combinations of non-competing nAbs that afford synergistic neutralization. Further enhancements in neutralization breadth and potency were attained by physically linking variable domains of synergistic nAb pairs through bispecific antibody (bsAb) engineering. Although multiple nAbs protected mice from lethal CCHFV challenge in pre- or post-exposure prophylactic settings, only a single bsAb, DVD-121-801, afforded therapeutic protection. DVD-121-801 is a promising candidate suitable for clinical development as a CCHFV therapeutic.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Maximilian Fels
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | | | - Andrew S Herbert
- U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, MD 21702, USA; The Geneva Foundation, Tacoma, WA 98402, USA
| | - Ariel S Wirchnianski
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA; Deparment of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Olivia Vergnolle
- Deparment of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Robert W Cross
- Galveston National Laboratory, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77550, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77550, USA
| | | | | | - Akaash K Mishra
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Jennifer T Aguilan
- Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Ana I Kuehne
- U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, MD 21702, USA
| | | | - Russell R Bakken
- U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Elisabeth K Nyakatura
- Deparment of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Jan Hellert
- Structural Virology Unit, Department of Virology, CNRS UMR 3569, Institut Pasteur, Paris 75724, France
| | - Gregory Quevedo
- Deparment of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Leslie Lobel
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
| | | | | | - Larry Zeitlin
- Mapp Biopharmaceutical, Inc., San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Thomas W Geisbert
- Galveston National Laboratory, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77550, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77550, USA
| | - Felix A Rey
- Structural Virology Unit, Department of Virology, CNRS UMR 3569, Institut Pasteur, Paris 75724, France
| | - Simone Sidoli
- Deparment of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Jason S McLellan
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Jonathan R Lai
- Deparment of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | | | - John M Dye
- U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, MD 21702, USA.
| | - Laura M Walker
- Adimab, LLC, Lebanon, NH 03766, USA; Adagio Therapeutics, Inc., Waltham, MA 02451, USA.
| | - Kartik Chandran
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA.
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7
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Saikh KU, Morazzani EM, Piper AE, Bakken RR, Glass PJ. A small molecule inhibitor of MyD88 exhibits broad spectrum antiviral activity by up regulation of type I interferon. Antiviral Res 2020; 181:104854. [PMID: 32621945 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2020.104854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies highlight that infection with Coxsackievirus B3, Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (VEEV), Marburg virus, or stimulation using poly I:C (dsRNA), upregulates the signaling adaptor protein MyD88 and impairs the host antiviral type I interferon (IFN) responses. In contrast, MyD88 deficiency (MyD88-/-) increases the type I IFN and survivability of mice implying that MyD88 up regulation limits the type I IFN response. Reasoning that MyD88 inhibition in a virus-like manner may increase type I IFN responses, our studies revealed lipopolysaccharide stimulation of U937 cells or poly I:C stimulation of HEK293-TLR3, THP1 or U87 cells in the presence of a previously reported MyD88 inhibitor (compound 4210) augmented IFN-β and RANTES production. Consistent with these results, overexpression of MyD88 decreased IFN-β, whereas MyD88 inhibition rescued IFN-β production concomitant with increased IRF3 phosphorylation, suggesting IRF-mediated downstream signaling to the IFN-β response. Further, compound 4210 treatment inhibited MyD88 interaction with IRF3/IRF7 indicating that MyD88 restricts type I IFN signaling through sequestration of IRF3/IRF7. In cell based infection assays, compound 4210 treatment suppressed replication of VEEV, Eastern equine encephalitis virus, Ebola virus (EBOV), Rift Valley Fever virus, Lassa virus, and Dengue virus with IC50 values ranging from 11 to 42 μM. Notably, administration of compound 4210 improved survival, weight change, and clinical disease scores in mice following challenge with VEEV TC-83 and EBOV. Collectively, these results provide evidence that viral infections responsive to MyD88 inhibition lead to activation of IRF3/IRF7 and promoted a type I IFN response, thus, raising the prospect of an approach of host-directed antiviral therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamal U Saikh
- Department of Bacterial Immunology, Bacteriology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1425 Porter Street, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA.
| | - Elaine M Morazzani
- Virology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1425 Porter Street, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Ashley E Piper
- Virology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1425 Porter Street, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Russell R Bakken
- Virology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1425 Porter Street, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Pamela J Glass
- Virology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1425 Porter Street, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
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8
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Wec AZ, Bornholdt ZA, He S, Herbert AS, Goodwin E, Wirchnianski AS, Gunn BM, Zhang Z, Zhu W, Liu G, Abelson DM, Moyer CL, Jangra RK, James RM, Bakken RR, Bohorova N, Bohorov O, Kim DH, Pauly MH, Velasco J, Bortz RH, Whaley KJ, Goldstein T, Anthony SJ, Alter G, Walker LM, Dye JM, Zeitlin L, Qiu X, Chandran K. Development of a Human Antibody Cocktail that Deploys Multiple Functions to Confer Pan-Ebolavirus Protection. Cell Host Microbe 2019; 25:39-48.e5. [PMID: 30629917 PMCID: PMC6396299 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2018.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Revised: 10/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Passive administration of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) is a promising therapeutic approach for Ebola virus disease (EVD). However, all mAbs and mAb cocktails that have entered clinical development are specific for a single member of the Ebolavirus genus, Ebola virus (EBOV), and ineffective against outbreak-causing Bundibugyo virus (BDBV) and Sudan virus (SUDV). Here, we advance MBP134, a cocktail of two broadly neutralizing human mAbs, ADI-15878 from an EVD survivor and ADI-23774 from the same survivor but specificity-matured for SUDV GP binding affinity, as a candidate pan-ebolavirus therapeutic. MBP134 potently neutralized all ebolaviruses and demonstrated greater protective efficacy than ADI-15878 alone in EBOV-challenged guinea pigs. A second-generation cocktail, MBP134AF, engineered to effectively harness natural killer (NK) cells afforded additional improvement relative to its precursor in protective efficacy against EBOV and SUDV in guinea pigs. MBP134AF is an optimized mAb cocktail suitable for evaluation as a pan-ebolavirus therapeutic in nonhuman primates.
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MESH Headings
- Animal Welfare
- Animals
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/administration & dosage
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/immunology
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/isolation & purification
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/therapeutic use
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/administration & dosage
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/immunology
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/isolation & purification
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/therapeutic use
- Antibodies, Viral/administration & dosage
- Antibodies, Viral/immunology
- Antibodies, Viral/therapeutic use
- Antiviral Agents
- Disease Models, Animal
- Ebolavirus/immunology
- Ebolavirus/pathogenicity
- Epitopes/immunology
- Female
- Filoviridae/immunology
- Guinea Pigs
- Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola/immunology
- Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola/prevention & control
- Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola/virology
- Humans
- Immunotherapy
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Knockout
- Recombinant Proteins/immunology
- Treatment Outcome
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Z Wec
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | | | - Shihua He
- Special Pathogens Program, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3R2, Canada
| | - Andrew S Herbert
- U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | | | - Ariel S Wirchnianski
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Bronwyn M Gunn
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Zirui Zhang
- Special Pathogens Program, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3R2, Canada; Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0J9, Canada
| | - Wenjun Zhu
- Special Pathogens Program, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3R2, Canada; Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0J9, Canada
| | - Guodong Liu
- Special Pathogens Program, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3R2, Canada; Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0J9, Canada
| | | | | | - Rohit K Jangra
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Rebekah M James
- U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Russell R Bakken
- U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | | | | | - Do H Kim
- Mapp Biopharmaceutical, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | | | | | - Robert H Bortz
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | | | - Tracey Goldstein
- One Health Institute and Karen C. Drayer Wildlife Health Center, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Simon J Anthony
- Center for Infection and Immunity, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Galit Alter
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | | | - John M Dye
- U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | | | - Xiangguo Qiu
- Special Pathogens Program, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3R2, Canada; Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0J9, Canada.
| | - Kartik Chandran
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA.
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9
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Nyakatura EK, Zak SE, Wec AZ, Hofmann D, Shulenin S, Bakken RR, Aman MJ, Chandran K, Dye JM, Lai JR. Design and evaluation of bi- and trispecific antibodies targeting multiple filovirus glycoproteins. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:6201-6211. [PMID: 29500195 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra117.001627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Revised: 02/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Filoviruses (family Filoviridae) include five ebolaviruses and Marburg virus. These pathogens cause a rapidly progressing and severe viral disease with high mortality rates (generally 30-90%). Outbreaks of filovirus disease are sporadic and, until recently, were limited to less than 500 cases. However, the 2013-2016 epidemic in western Africa, caused by Ebola virus (EBOV), illustrated the potential of filovirus outbreaks to escalate to a much larger scale (over 28,000 suspected cases). mAbs against the envelope glycoprotein represent a promising therapeutic platform for managing filovirus infections. However, mAbs that exhibit neutralization or protective properties against multiple filoviruses are rare. Here we examined a panel of engineered bi- and trispecific antibodies, in which variable domains of mAbs that target epitopes from multiple filoviruses were combined, for their capacity to neutralize viral infection across filovirus species. We found that bispecific combinations targeting EBOV and Sudan virus (another ebolavirus), provide potent cross-neutralization and protection in mice. Furthermore, trispecific combinations, targeting EBOV, Sudan virus, and Marburg virus, exhibited strong neutralization potential against all three viruses. These results provide important insights into multispecific antibody engineering against filoviruses and will inform future immunotherapeutic discoveries.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Samantha E Zak
- the Virology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Maryland 21702, and
| | - Anna Z Wec
- Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461
| | | | - Sergey Shulenin
- Integrated Biotherapeutics Inc., Gaithersburg, Maryland 20878
| | - Russell R Bakken
- the Virology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Maryland 21702, and
| | - M Javad Aman
- Integrated Biotherapeutics Inc., Gaithersburg, Maryland 20878
| | - Kartik Chandran
- Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461
| | - John M Dye
- the Virology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Maryland 21702, and
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10
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Hofmann D, Zak SE, Nyakatura EK, Mittler E, Bakken RR, Chandran K, Dye JM, Lai JR. Mechanistic and Fc requirements for inhibition of Sudan virus entry and in vivo protection by a synthetic antibody. Immunol Lett 2017; 190:289-295. [PMID: 28890093 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2017.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Revised: 08/28/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The Sudan virus (SUDV), an ebolavirus, causes severe hemorrhagic fever with human case fatality rates of ∼50%. Previous work from our lab demonstrated the synthetic antibody F4 potently inhibits viral entry and protects against lethal virus challenge in mice [Chen et al., ACS Chem. Biol., 2014, 9, 2263-2273]. Here, we explore mechanistic requirements as well as contribution of the Fc region and function on neutralization and in vivo protection. Live cell imaging demonstrates that the antibody colocalizes with vesicular stomatitis virus particles containing the Sudan virus glycoprotein (VSV-GPSUDV) and that the antibody is rapidly degraded within cellular endosomes. A viral escape mutant contained substitutions on the N-heptad repeat (NHR) segment of GP2, the fusion subunit. Truncation studies indicated that the size of the Fc impacts virus neutralization potential. Finally, we examined the protective efficacy of Fc-null mutants in mice, and found that Fc function was not required for high levels of protection. Altogether, these results indicate that neutralization of SUDV GP-mediated cell entry likely involves blockade of viral membrane fusion within endosomes, and that inhibition of viral entry is the likely mechanism of in vivo protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Hofmann
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Ave, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Samantha E Zak
- Virology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1425 Porter Street, Fort Detrick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Elisabeth K Nyakatura
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Ave, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Eva Mittler
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Ave, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Russell R Bakken
- Virology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1425 Porter Street, Fort Detrick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Kartik Chandran
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Ave, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - John M Dye
- Virology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1425 Porter Street, Fort Detrick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Jonathan R Lai
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Ave, Bronx, NY 10461, USA.
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11
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Froude JW, Pelat T, Miethe S, Zak SE, Wec AZ, Chandran K, Brannan JM, Bakken RR, Hust M, Thullier P, Dye JM. Generation and characterization of protective antibodies to Marburg virus. MAbs 2017; 9:696-703. [PMID: 28287337 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2017.1299848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Marburg virus (MARV) and Ebola virus (EBOV) have been a source of epidemics and outbreaks for several decades. We present here the generation and characterization of the first protective antibodies specific for wild-type MARV. Non-human primates (NHP), cynomolgus macaques, were immunized with viral-replicon particles expressing the glycoproteins (GP) of MARV (Ci67 isolate). An antibody fragment (single-chain variable fragment, scFv) phage display library was built after four immunogen injections, and screened against the GP1-649 of MARV. Sequencing of 192 selected clones identified 18 clones with distinct VH and VL sequences. Four of these recombinant antibodies (R4A1, R4B11, R4G2, and R3F6) were produced in the scFv-Fc format for in vivo studies. Mice that were challenged with wild-type Marburg virus (Ci67 isolate) receiving 100 µg of scFv-Fc on days -1, 1 and 3 demonstrated protective efficacies ranging from 75-100%. The amino-acid sequences of the scFv-Fcs are similar to those of their human germline counterparts, sharing an identity ranging between 68 and 100% to human germline immunoglobulin. These results demonstrate for the first time that recombinant antibodies offer protection against wild-type MARV, and suggest they may be promising candidates for further therapeutic development especially due to their human homology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey W Froude
- a US Army Medical Research Institute for Infectious Disease (USAMRIID) , Fort Detrick , MD , USA
| | - Thibaut Pelat
- b Unite de Biotechnologie des Anticorps, Institut de Recherche Biomedicale des Armees [IRBA-CRSSA] , La Tronche , France.,c BIOTEM, Apprieu , France
| | - Sebastian Miethe
- d Technische Universität Braunschweig, Institut für Biochemie, Biotechnologie und Bioinformatik Braunschweig , Germany.,e YUMAB GmbH, Rebenring , Braunschweig , Germany
| | - Samantha E Zak
- a US Army Medical Research Institute for Infectious Disease (USAMRIID) , Fort Detrick , MD , USA
| | - Anna Z Wec
- f Department of Microbiology and Immunology , Albert Einstein College of Medicine , Bronx , NY , USA
| | - Kartik Chandran
- f Department of Microbiology and Immunology , Albert Einstein College of Medicine , Bronx , NY , USA
| | - Jennifer Mary Brannan
- a US Army Medical Research Institute for Infectious Disease (USAMRIID) , Fort Detrick , MD , USA
| | - Russell R Bakken
- a US Army Medical Research Institute for Infectious Disease (USAMRIID) , Fort Detrick , MD , USA
| | - Michael Hust
- d Technische Universität Braunschweig, Institut für Biochemie, Biotechnologie und Bioinformatik Braunschweig , Germany
| | - Philippe Thullier
- b Unite de Biotechnologie des Anticorps, Institut de Recherche Biomedicale des Armees [IRBA-CRSSA] , La Tronche , France
| | - John M Dye
- a US Army Medical Research Institute for Infectious Disease (USAMRIID) , Fort Detrick , MD , USA
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12
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Bekerman E, Neveu G, Shulla A, Brannan J, Pu SY, Wang S, Xiao F, Barouch-Bentov R, Bakken RR, Mateo R, Govero J, Nagamine CM, Diamond MS, De Jonghe S, Herdewijn P, Dye JM, Randall G, Einav S. Anticancer kinase inhibitors impair intracellular viral trafficking and exert broad-spectrum antiviral effects. J Clin Invest 2017; 127:1338-1352. [PMID: 28240606 DOI: 10.1172/jci89857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 12/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Global health is threatened by emerging viral infections, which largely lack effective vaccines or therapies. Targeting host pathways that are exploited by multiple viruses could offer broad-spectrum solutions. We previously reported that AAK1 and GAK, kinase regulators of the host adaptor proteins AP1 and AP2, are essential for hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, but the underlying mechanism and relevance to other viruses or in vivo infections remained unknown. Here, we have discovered that AP1 and AP2 cotraffic with HCV particles in live cells. Moreover, we found that multiple viruses, including dengue and Ebola, exploit AAK1 and GAK during entry and infectious virus production. In cultured cells, treatment with sunitinib and erlotinib, approved anticancer drugs that inhibit AAK1 or GAK activity, or with more selective compounds inhibited intracellular trafficking of HCV and multiple unrelated RNA viruses with a high barrier to resistance. In murine models of dengue and Ebola infection, sunitinib/erlotinib combination protected against morbidity and mortality. We validated sunitinib- and erlotinib-mediated inhibition of AAK1 and GAK activity as an important mechanism of antiviral action. Additionally, we revealed potential roles for additional kinase targets. These findings advance our understanding of virus-host interactions and establish a proof of principle for a repurposed, host-targeted approach to combat emerging viruses.
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13
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Lehrer AT, Wong TAS, Lieberman MM, Humphreys T, Clements DE, Bakken RR, Hart MK, Pratt WD, Dye JM. Recombinant proteins of Zaire ebolavirus induce potent humoral and cellular immune responses and protect against live virus infection in mice. Vaccine 2017; 36:3090-3100. [PMID: 28216187 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2017.01.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Revised: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Infections with filoviruses in humans are highly virulent, causing hemorrhagic fevers which result in up to 90% mortality. In addition to natural infections, the ability to use these viruses as bioterrorist weapons is of significant concern. Currently, there are no licensed vaccines or therapeutics available to combat these infections. The pathogenesis of disease involves the dysregulation of the host's immune system, which results in impairment of the innate and adaptive immune responses, with subsequent development of lymphopenia, thrombocytopenia, hemorrhage, and death. Questions remain with regard to the few survivors of infection, who manage to mount an effective adaptive immune response. These questions concern the humoral and cellular components of this response, and whether such a response can be elicited by an appropriate prophylactic vaccine. The data reported herein describe the production and evaluation of a recombinant subunit Ebola virus vaccine candidate consisting of insect cell expressed Zaire ebolavirus (EBOV) surface glycoprotein (GP) and the matrix proteins VP24 and VP40. The recombinant subunit proteins are shown to be highly immunogenic in mice, yielding both humoral and cellular responses, as well as highly efficacious, providing up to 100% protection against a lethal challenge with live virus. These results demonstrate proof of concept for such a recombinant non-replicating vaccine candidate in the mouse model of EBOV which helps to elucidate immune correlates of protection and warrants further development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Axel T Lehrer
- PanThera Biopharma, LLC, Aiea, HI 96701, United States.
| | | | | | | | | | - Russell R Bakken
- US Army Medical Research Institute for Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, MD 21702, United States
| | - Mary Kate Hart
- US Army Medical Research Institute for Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, MD 21702, United States
| | - William D Pratt
- US Army Medical Research Institute for Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, MD 21702, United States
| | - John M Dye
- US Army Medical Research Institute for Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, MD 21702, United States
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14
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Wec AZ, Nyakatura EK, Herbert AS, Howell KA, Holtsberg FW, Bakken RR, Mittler E, Christin JR, Shulenin S, Jangra RK, Bharrhan S, Kuehne AI, Bornholdt ZA, Flyak AI, Saphire EO, Crowe JE, Aman MJ, Dye JM, Lai JR, Chandran K. A "Trojan horse" bispecific-antibody strategy for broad protection against ebolaviruses. Science 2016; 354:350-354. [PMID: 27608667 DOI: 10.1126/science.aag3267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Accepted: 08/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
There is an urgent need for monoclonal antibody (mAb) therapies that broadly protect against Ebola virus and other filoviruses. The conserved, essential interaction between the filovirus glycoprotein, GP, and its entry receptor Niemann-Pick C1 (NPC1) provides an attractive target for such mAbs but is shielded by multiple mechanisms, including physical sequestration in late endosomes. Here, we describe a bispecific-antibody strategy to target this interaction, in which mAbs specific for NPC1 or the GP receptor-binding site are coupled to a mAb against a conserved, surface-exposed GP epitope. Bispecific antibodies, but not parent mAbs, neutralized all known ebolaviruses by coopting viral particles themselves for endosomal delivery and conferred postexposure protection against multiple ebolaviruses in mice. Such "Trojan horse" bispecific antibodies have potential as broad antifilovirus immunotherapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Z Wec
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Elisabeth K Nyakatura
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Andrew S Herbert
- U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Katie A Howell
- Integrated Biotherapeutics Inc., Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USA
| | | | - Russell R Bakken
- U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Eva Mittler
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - John R Christin
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Sergey Shulenin
- Integrated Biotherapeutics Inc., Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USA
| | - Rohit K Jangra
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Sushma Bharrhan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Ana I Kuehne
- U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Zachary A Bornholdt
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 10550, USA
| | - Andrew I Flyak
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
| | - Erica Ollmann Saphire
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 10550, USA.,The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 10550, USA
| | - James E Crowe
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA. .,Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.,Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - M Javad Aman
- Integrated Biotherapeutics Inc., Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USA.
| | - John M Dye
- U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, MD 21702, USA.
| | - Jonathan R Lai
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA.
| | - Kartik Chandran
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA.
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15
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Stonier SW, James RM, Josleyn NM, Bakken RR, Dye JM. Immune correlates for VEEV replicon vaccine protection against Ebolavirus. The Journal of Immunology 2016. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.196.supp.146.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
The progress of filovirus vaccines has advanced greatly due in part to the urgent need to develop countermeasures for the unprecedented Ebolavirus (EBOV) outbreak in West Africa. While a variety of vaccination approaches have been moved into clinical trials, the understanding of what constitutes a protective response after vaccination is still under investigation. Our approach to addressing immune correlates has involved the use of various mouse models to first test whether or not protection is afforded in the absence of a cell population. To this end, wild type (wt), β2m−/− and μMT−/− mouse models were used to assess the protective efficacy of vaccination with a Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis Virus replicon bearing the EBOV glycoprotein (GP). Vaccinated β2m−/− mice, despite lacking CD8 T cells, enjoyed full protection against mouse-adapted (ma) EBOV exposure. Vaccinated μMT−/− mice, on the other hand, succumbed to maEBOV exposure, similar to unvaccinated control mice. A flow cytometry analysis of T cell responses in Wt, β2m−/− and μMT−/− mice revealed all mice mounted CD4 T cell responses, whereas only wt mice generated CD8 T cell responses. Antibody responses to EBOV GP were predictably lacking in μMT−/− mice after vaccination, but were present at high titers in wt and β2m−/− mice. We were able to achieve protection in vaccinated μMT−/−, but not unvaccinated μMT−/− mice, given serum from vaccinated wt mice before and after maEBOV exposure. These data indicate that T cell responses in this model can contribute to protection when given antibody help. Ultimately, antibody responses appear to be the best protective correlate in this model, though we also provide evidence that T cell responses can be essential in certain conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - John M Dye
- 1U.S. Army Med. Res. Inst. of Infectious Dis
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16
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Gupta P, Sharma A, Spurgers KB, Bakken RR, Eccleston LT, Cohen JW, Honnold SP, Glass PJ, Maheshwari RK. 1,5-Iodonaphthyl azide-inactivated V3526 protects against aerosol challenge with virulent venezuelan equine encephalitis virus. Vaccine 2016; 34:2762-5. [PMID: 27129427 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2016.04.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2016] [Revised: 04/06/2016] [Accepted: 04/10/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (VEEV) is a New World alphavirus. VEEV is highly infectious in aerosolized form and has been identified as a bio-terrorism agent. There is no licensed vaccine for prophylaxis against VEEV. The current IND vaccine is poorly immunogenic and does not protect against an aerosol challenge with virulent VEEV. We have previously shown that VEEV inactivated by 1,5-iodonaphthyl azide (INA) protects against footpad challenge with virulent VEEV. In this study, we inactivated an attenuated strain of VEEV, V3526, with INA and evaluated its protective efficacy against aerosol challenge with wild type VEEV. We demonstrated that among three routes of immunization, intramuscular immunization with INA-inactivate V3526 (INA-iV3526) provided complete protection against aerosol challenge with virulent VEEV. Our data suggests that INA-iV3526 can be explored further for development as an effective vaccine candidate against aerosol challenge of virulent VEEV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paridhi Gupta
- Department of Pathology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, United States
| | - Anuj Sharma
- Department of Pathology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, United States.
| | - Kevin B Spurgers
- Virology Division, US Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, MD 21702, United States
| | - Russell R Bakken
- Virology Division, US Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, MD 21702, United States
| | - Lori T Eccleston
- Virology Division, US Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, MD 21702, United States
| | - Jeffrey W Cohen
- Virology Division, US Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, MD 21702, United States
| | - Shelley P Honnold
- Virology Division, US Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, MD 21702, United States
| | - Pamela J Glass
- Virology Division, US Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, MD 21702, United States
| | - Radha K Maheshwari
- Department of Pathology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, United States
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17
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Frei JC, Nyakatura EK, Zak SE, Bakken RR, Chandran K, Dye JM, Lai JR. Bispecific Antibody Affords Complete Post-Exposure Protection of Mice from Both Ebola (Zaire) and Sudan Viruses. Sci Rep 2016; 6:19193. [PMID: 26758505 PMCID: PMC4725817 DOI: 10.1038/srep19193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2015] [Accepted: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Filoviruses (Ebola and Marburg) cause severe hemorrhagic fever. There are five species of ebolavirus; among these, the Ebola (Zaire) and Sudan viruses (EBOV and SUDV, respectively) are highly pathogenic and have both caused recurring, large outbreaks. However, the EBOV and SUDV glycoprotein (GP) sequences are 45% divergent and thus antigenically distinct. Few antibodies with cross-neutralizing properties have been described to date. We used antibody engineering to develop novel bispecific antibodies (Bis-mAbs) that are cross-reactive toward base epitopes on GP from EBOV and SUDV. These Bis-mAbs exhibit potent neutralization against EBOV and SUDV GP pseudotyped viruses as well as authentic pathogens, and confer a high degree (in one case 100%) post-exposure protection of mice from both viruses. Our studies show that a single agent that targets the GP base epitopes is sufficient for protection in mice; such agents could be included in panfilovirus therapeutic antibody cocktails.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia C Frei
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Ave., Bronx, NY 10461
| | - Elisabeth K Nyakatura
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Ave., Bronx, NY 10461
| | - Samantha E Zak
- Virology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Disease, 1425 Porter Street, Fort Detrick, MD 21702
| | - Russell R Bakken
- Virology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Disease, 1425 Porter Street, Fort Detrick, MD 21702
| | - Kartik Chandran
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Ave., Bronx, NY 10461
| | - John M Dye
- Virology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Disease, 1425 Porter Street, Fort Detrick, MD 21702
| | - Jonathan R Lai
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Ave., Bronx, NY 10461
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18
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Honnold SP, Mossel EC, Bakken RR, Lind CM, Cohen JW, Eccleston LT, Spurgers KB, Erwin-Cohen R, Glass PJ, Maheshwari RK. Eastern equine encephalitis virus in mice II: pathogenesis is dependent on route of exposure. Virol J 2015; 12:154. [PMID: 26423229 PMCID: PMC4589026 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-015-0385-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2015] [Accepted: 09/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Eastern equine encephalitis virus (EEEV) is an alphavirus with a case fatality rate estimated to be as high as 75 % in humans and 90 % in horses. Surviving patients often have long-lasting and severe neurological sequelae. At present, there is no licensed vaccine or therapeutic for EEEV infection. This study completes the clinical and pathological analysis of mice infected with a North American strain of EEEV by three different routes: aerosol, intranasal, and subcutaneous. Such an understanding is imperative for use of the mouse model in vaccine and antiviral drug development. METHODS Twelve-week-old female BALB/c mice were infected with EEEV strain FL93-939 by the intranasal, aerosol, or subcutaneous route. Mice were euthanized 6 hpi through 8 dpi and tissues were harvested for histopathological and immunohistochemical analysis. RESULTS Viral antigen was detected in the olfactory bulb as early as 1-2 dpi in aerosol and intranasal infected mice. However, histologic lesions in the brain were evident about 24 hours earlier (3 dpi vs 4 dpi), and were more pronounced following aerosol infection relative to intranasal infection. Following subcutaneous infection, viral antigen was also detected in the olfactory bulb, though not as routinely or as early. Significant histologic lesions were not observed until 6 dpi. CONCLUSION These pathologic studies suggest EEEV enters the brain through the olfactory system when mice are exposed via the intranasal and aerosol routes. In contrast, the histopathologic lesions were delayed in the subcutaneous group and it appears the virus may utilize both the vascular and olfactory routes to enter the brain when mice are exposed to EEEV subcutaneously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shelley P Honnold
- Virology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA. .,Department of Pathology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA.
| | - Eric C Mossel
- Virology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA.
| | - Russell R Bakken
- Virology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA.
| | - Cathleen M Lind
- Virology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA.
| | - Jeffrey W Cohen
- Virology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA.
| | - Lori T Eccleston
- Virology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA.
| | - Kevin B Spurgers
- Virology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA.
| | - Rebecca Erwin-Cohen
- Virology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA.
| | - Pamela J Glass
- Virology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA.
| | - Radha K Maheshwari
- Department of Pathology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA.
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19
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Bounds CE, Kwilas SA, Kuehne AI, Brannan JM, Bakken RR, Dye JM, Hooper JW, Dupuy LC, Ellefsen B, Hannaman D, Wu H, Jiao JA, Sullivan EJ, Schmaljohn CS. Human Polyclonal Antibodies Produced through DNA Vaccination of Transchromosomal Cattle Provide Mice with Post-Exposure Protection against Lethal Zaire and Sudan Ebolaviruses. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0137786. [PMID: 26422247 PMCID: PMC4589376 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0137786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2015] [Accepted: 08/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA vaccination of transchromosomal bovines (TcBs) with DNA vaccines expressing the codon-optimized (co) glycoprotein (GP) genes of Ebola virus (EBOV) and Sudan virus (SUDV) produce fully human polyclonal antibodies (pAbs) that recognize both viruses and demonstrate robust neutralizing activity. Each TcB was vaccinated by intramuscular electroporation (IM-EP) a total of four times and at each administration received 10 mg of the EBOV-GPco DNA vaccine and 10 mg of the SUDV-GPco DNA vaccine at two sites on the left and right sides, respectively. After two vaccinations, robust antibody responses (titers > 1000) were detected by ELISA against whole irradiated EBOV or SUDV and recombinant EBOV-GP or SUDV-GP (rGP) antigens, with higher titers observed for the rGP antigens. Strong, virus neutralizing antibody responses (titers >1000) were detected after three vaccinations when measured by vesicular stomatitis virus-based pseudovirion neutralization assay (PsVNA). Maximal neutralizing antibody responses were identified by traditional plaque reduction neutralization tests (PRNT) after four vaccinations. Neutralizing activity of human immunoglobulins (IgG) purified from TcB plasma collected after three vaccinations and injected intraperitoneally (IP) into mice at a 100 mg/kg dose was detected in the serum by PsVNA up to 14 days after administration. Passive transfer by IP injection of the purified IgG (100 mg/kg) to groups of BALB/c mice one day after IP challenge with mouse adapted (ma) EBOV resulted in 80% protection while all mice treated with non-specific pAbs succumbed. Similarly, interferon receptor 1 knockout (IFNAR -/-) mice receiving the purified IgG (100 mg/kg) by IP injection one day after IP challenge with wild type SUDV resulted in 89% survival. These results are the first to demonstrate that filovirus GP DNA vaccines administered to TcBs by IM-EP can elicit neutralizing antibodies that provide post-exposure protection. Additionally, these data describe production of fully human IgG in a large animal system, a system which is capable of producing large quantities of a clinical grade therapeutic product.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Animals, Genetically Modified
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/immunology
- Antibodies, Viral/metabolism
- Cattle/genetics
- Cattle/immunology
- Chromosomes, Artificial, Human/genetics
- Democratic Republic of the Congo
- Ebola Vaccines/immunology
- Ebolavirus/immunology
- Female
- Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola/prevention & control
- Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola/virology
- Humans
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Knockout
- Post-Exposure Prophylaxis/methods
- Receptor, Interferon alpha-beta/genetics
- Sudan
- Vaccination/methods
- Vaccines, DNA/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Callie E. Bounds
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Steven A. Kwilas
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Ana I. Kuehne
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Jennifer M. Brannan
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Russell R. Bakken
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - John M. Dye
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Jay W. Hooper
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Lesley C. Dupuy
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Barry Ellefsen
- Ichor Medical Systems, Inc., San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Drew Hannaman
- Ichor Medical Systems, Inc., San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Hua Wu
- SAB Biotherapeutics, Sioux Falls, South Dakota, United States of America
| | - Jin-an Jiao
- SAB Biotherapeutics, Sioux Falls, South Dakota, United States of America
| | - Eddie J. Sullivan
- SAB Biotherapeutics, Sioux Falls, South Dakota, United States of America
| | - Connie S. Schmaljohn
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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20
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Brannan JM, Froude JW, Prugar LI, Bakken RR, Zak SE, Daye SP, Wilhelmsen CE, Dye JM. Interferon α/β Receptor-Deficient Mice as a Model for Ebola Virus Disease. J Infect Dis 2015; 212 Suppl 2:S282-94. [PMID: 25943199 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiv215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A major obstacle in ebolavirus research is the lack of a small-animal model for Sudan virus (SUDV), as well as other wild-type (WT) ebolaviruses. Here, we expand on research by Bray and by Lever et al suggesting that WT ebolaviruses are pathogenic in mice deficient for the type 1 interferon (IFN) α/β receptor (IFNα/βR-/-). We examined the disease course of several WT ebolaviruses: Boneface (SUDV/Bon) and Gulu variants of SUDV, Ebola virus (EBOV), Bundibugyo virus (BDBV), Taï Forest virus, and Reston virus (RESTV). We determined that exposure to WT SUDV or EBOV results in reproducible signs of disease in IFNα/βR-/- mice, as measured by weight loss and partial lethality. Vaccination with the SUDV or EBOV glycoprotein (GP)-expressing Venezuelan equine encephalitis viral replicon particle vaccine protected these mice from SUDV/Bon and EBOV challenge, respectively. Treatment with SUDV- or EBOV-specific anti-GP antibodies protected mice from challenge when delivered 1-3 days after infection. Serial sampling experiments revealed evidence of disseminated intravascular coagulation in the livers of mice infected with the Boneface variant of SUDV, EBOV, and BDBV. Taken together, these data solidify the IFNα/βR-/- mouse as an important and useful model for the study of WT EBOV disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer M Brannan
- US Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Jeffery W Froude
- US Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Laura I Prugar
- US Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Russell R Bakken
- US Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Samantha E Zak
- US Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Sharon P Daye
- US Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Catherine E Wilhelmsen
- US Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, Maryland
| | - John M Dye
- US Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, Maryland
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21
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Fenimore PW, Muhammad MA, Fischer WM, Foley BT, Bakken RR, Thurmond JR, Yusim K, Yoon H, Parker M, Hart MK, Dye JM, Korber B, Kuiken C. Designing and testing broadly-protective filoviral vaccines optimized for cytotoxic T-lymphocyte epitope coverage. PLoS One 2012; 7:e44769. [PMID: 23056184 PMCID: PMC3463593 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0044769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2012] [Accepted: 08/07/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We report the rational design and in vivo testing of mosaic proteins for a polyvalent pan-filoviral vaccine using a computational strategy designed for the Human Immunodeficiency Virus type 1 (HIV-1) but also appropriate for Hepatitis C virus (HCV) and potentially other diverse viruses. Mosaics are sets of artificial recombinant proteins that are based on natural proteins. The recombinants are computationally selected using a genetic algorithm to optimize the coverage of potential cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) epitopes. Because evolutionary history differs markedly between HIV-1 and filoviruses, we devised an adapted computational technique that is effective for sparsely sampled taxa; our first significant result is that the mosaic technique is effective in creating high-quality mosaic filovirus proteins. The resulting coverage of potential epitopes across filovirus species is superior to coverage by any natural variants, including current vaccine strains with demonstrated cross-reactivity. The mosaic cocktails are also robust: mosaics substantially outperformed natural strains when computationally tested against poorly sampled species and more variable genes. Furthermore, in a computational comparison of cross-reactive potential a design constructed prior to the Bundibugyo outbreak performed nearly as well against all species as an updated design that included Bundibugyo. These points suggest that the mosaic designs would be more resilient than natural-variant vaccines against future Ebola outbreaks dominated by novel viral variants. We demonstrate in vivo immunogenicity and protection against a heterologous challenge in a mouse model. This design work delineates the likely requirements and limitations on broadly-protective filoviral CTL vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul W Fenimore
- Theoretical Biology and Biophysics Group, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico, United States of America.
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22
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Beitzel BF, Bakken RR, Smith JM, Schmaljohn CS. High-resolution functional mapping of the venezuelan equine encephalitis virus genome by insertional mutagenesis and massively parallel sequencing. PLoS Pathog 2010; 6:e1001146. [PMID: 20976195 PMCID: PMC2954836 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1001146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2010] [Accepted: 09/09/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We have developed a high-resolution genomic mapping technique that combines transposon-mediated insertional mutagenesis with either capillary electrophoresis or massively parallel sequencing to identify functionally important regions of the Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (VEEV) genome. We initially used a capillary electrophoresis method to gain insight into the role of the VEEV nonstructural protein 3 (nsP3) in viral replication. We identified several regions in nsP3 that are intolerant to small (15 bp) insertions, and thus are presumably functionally important. We also identified nine separate regions in nsP3 that will tolerate small insertions at low temperatures (30°C), but not at higher temperatures (37°C, and 40°C). Because we found this method to be extremely effective at identifying temperature sensitive (ts) mutations, but limited by capillary electrophoresis capacity, we replaced the capillary electrophoresis with massively parallel sequencing and used the improved method to generate a functional map of the entire VEEV genome. We identified several hundred potential ts mutations throughout the genome and we validated several of the mutations in nsP2, nsP3, E3, E2, E1 and capsid using single-cycle growth curve experiments with virus generated through reverse genetics. We further demonstrated that two of the nsP3 ts mutants were attenuated for virulence in mice but could elicit protective immunity against challenge with wild-type VEEV. The recombinant ts mutants will be valuable tools for further studies of VEEV replication and virulence. Moreover, the method that we developed is applicable for generating such tools for any virus with a robust reverse genetics system. Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (VEEV) is a New World Alphavirus that was first identified in Venezuela in 1938. VEEV normally circulates in rodent populations, but during outbreaks it can jump to horses and humans where it can cause debilitating and potentially fatal disease. There are currently no vaccines or antiviral agents against VEEV licensed for use in humans. In this study, we describe a technique that we have developed that allows for the rapid identification of viral mutants that can be useful for studying the basic biology of viral replication. These mutants can also be used to generate vaccines that protect against infection with wild-type virus. We demonstrate the utility of this technique by identifying over 200 mutations spread throughout VEEV genome that make the virus unable to replicate efficiently at higher temperatures (37°C or 40°C.) Furthermore, we show that two of the mutant viruses work as vaccines, and protect mice against lethal infection with VEEV. This technique can be applied to studying other viruses, and may allow for the rapid identification of numerous vaccine candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brett F. Beitzel
- The United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Russell R. Bakken
- The United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey M. Smith
- The United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Connie S. Schmaljohn
- The United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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23
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Martin SS, Bakken RR, Lind CM, Garcia P, Jenkins E, Glass PJ, Parker MD, Hart MK, Fine DL. Evaluation of formalin inactivated V3526 virus with adjuvant as a next generation vaccine candidate for Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus. Vaccine 2010; 28:3143-51. [PMID: 20193792 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2010.02.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2009] [Revised: 01/29/2010] [Accepted: 02/15/2010] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
V3526, a genetically modified strain of Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (VEEV), was formalin inactivated for evaluation as a next generation vaccine candidate for VEEV. In this study, we tested formalin-inactivated V3526 (fV3526) with and without adjuvant for immunogenicity and efficacy in BALB/c mice and results were compared to the existing inactivated VEEV vaccine, C84. Mice were vaccinated intramuscularly (IM) or subcutaneously (SC) with fV3526 formulations and challenged with VEEV IAB Trinidad donkey (VEEV TrD) strain by SC or aerosol exposure. Efficacy following SC or aerosol challenge was not significantly different between the fV3526 formulations or compared to C84 despite C84 being administered in more doses and higher concentration of viral protein per dose. These data support further evaluation of fV3526 formulations as a next generation VEEV vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon S Martin
- DynPort Vaccine Company LLC, A CSC Company, 64 Thomas Johnson Drive, Frederick, MD 21702, USA.
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24
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Martin SS, Bakken RR, Lind CM, Garcia P, Jenkins E, Glass PJ, Parker MD, Hart MK, Fine DL. Comparison of the immunological responses and efficacy of gamma-irradiated V3526 vaccine formulations against subcutaneous and aerosol challenge with Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus subtype IAB. Vaccine 2009; 28:1031-40. [PMID: 19914193 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2009.10.126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2009] [Revised: 10/14/2009] [Accepted: 10/25/2009] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
We recently developed a gamma-irradiation method to inactivate V3526, a live-attenuated Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (VEEV) vaccine candidate. Dosage and schedule studies were conducted to evaluate the immunogenicity and efficacy of gamma-irradiated V3526 (gV3526). Subcutaneous (SC) and low dosage intramuscular (IM) administration of gV3526 were highly effective in protecting mice against a SC challenge with VEEV IA/B Trinidad Donkey strain, but not against an equivalent aerosol challenge. More robust immune responses and increased protective efficacy were noted when the IM dosage of gV3526 was increased. IM administration of gV3526 formulated with either CpG or CpG plus Alhydrogel further augmented the immune response in mice and resulted in 100% protection against aerosol challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon S Martin
- DynPort Vaccine Company LLC (DVC), A CSC Company, Frederick, MD 21702, USA.
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25
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Martin SS, Bakken RR, Lind CM, Reed DS, Price JL, Koeller CA, Parker MD, Hart MK, Fine DL. Telemetric analysis to detect febrile responses in mice following vaccination with a live-attenuated virus vaccine. Vaccine 2009; 27:6814-23. [PMID: 19761841 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2009.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2009] [Revised: 09/01/2009] [Accepted: 09/02/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Non-human primates (NHP) are considered to be the most appropriate model for predicting how humans will respond to many infectious diseases. Due to ethical and monetary concerns associated with the use of NHP, rodent models that are as predictive of responses likely to be seen in human vaccine recipients are warranted. Using implanted telemetry devices, body temperature and activity were monitored in inbred and outbred mouse strains following administration of the live-attenuated vaccine for Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (VEEV), V3526. Following analysis of individual mouse data, only outbred mouse strains showed changes in diurnal temperature and activity profiles following vaccination. Similar changes were observed following VEEV challenge of vaccinated outbred mice. From these studies, we conclude, outbred mouse strains implanted with telemeters are a sensitive model for predicting responses in humans following vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon S Martin
- DynPort Vaccine Company LLC (DVC), A CSC Company, Frederick, MD 21702, USA.
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