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Choi WJ, Kim GA, Park J, Jang S, Jung WJ, Shim JJ, Park Y, Choi GH, Kim JW, Jeong SH, Jang ES. Incidence and Pattern of Aminotransferase Elevation During Anti-Hypertensive Therapy With Angiotensin-II Receptor Blockers. J Korean Med Sci 2022; 37:e255. [PMID: 35996932 PMCID: PMC9424746 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2022.37.e255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Angiotensin type II receptor blockers (ARBs) are the most widely used anti-hypertensive drugs. This study aimed to elucidate the likelihood and pattern of ARB-induced liver injury in a hospital-based cohort. METHODS Data of patients receiving fimasartan (n = 5,543), candesartan (n = 6,406), valsartan (n = 6,040), and losartan (n = 9,126) were retrieved from the clinical data warehouse of two tertiary hospitals. Patients with alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels > 5 times the upper normal limit were assessed according to the Roussel Uclaf Causality Assessment Method (RUCAM). RESULTS A total of 27,115 patients were enrolled, including 14,630 (54.0%) men, with a mean age of 64.6 years (standard deviation, 13.6). During 31,717 person-years of ARB therapy, serum ALT levels > 120 IU/L were found in 558 (2.1%) person-years, and levels > 200 IU/L were found in 155 (0.6%) person-years. The incidence of ALT elevation > 120 IU/L per 106 cumulative defined daily doses was 6.6, 3.6, 3.9, and 4.0 in the fimasartan, candesartan, valsartan, and losartan groups, respectively (P = 0.002). An ALT level > 200 IU/L with RUCAM score ≥ 6 was found in 20 patients, suggesting probable drug-induced liver injury for 11 (0.2%) patients receiving fimasartan, five (0.1%) receiving candesartan, four (0.1%) receiving valsartan, and none receiving losartan (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION Approximately 2% of patients receiving ARB therapy had significant ALT elevation (4.24/106 cumulative defined daily doses [cDDDs]), which was associated with probable ARB-related liver injury in 0.07% of patients (0.15/106 cDDDs). Elevation of ALT was more commonly associated with fimasartan than the other ARBs. Clinicians should be aware of the possibility of ARB-related ALT elevation in patients with unexplained chronic abnormal ALT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Won Joon Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Gi-Ae Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jaewon Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Sangmi Jang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Woo Jin Jung
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Jae-Jun Shim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yewan Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Gwang Hyeon Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Jin-Wook Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Sook-Hyang Jeong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Eun Sun Jang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea.
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Ibrahim Fouad G, Ahmed KA. Curcumin Ameliorates Doxorubicin-Induced Cardiotoxicity and Hepatotoxicity Via Suppressing Oxidative Stress and Modulating iNOS, NF-κB, and TNF-α in Rats. Cardiovasc Toxicol 2022; 22:152-166. [PMID: 34837640 DOI: 10.1007/s12012-021-09710-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Doxorubicin (DOX) is one of the widely used anti-tumor drugs. However, DOX-induced cardiotoxicity (DIC) and hepatotoxicity (DIH) are among the side effects that limited its therapeutic efficiency and clinical applicability. This study aimed to investigate the cardioprotective and hepatoprotective potentials of curcumin (CMN)-a bioactive polyphenolic compound-in alleviating DOX-induced cardiotoxicity (DIC) and hepatotoxicity (DIH) in male rats. A single intraperitoneal (i.p.) dose of DOX (20 mg/kg) was used to induce DIC and DIH. DOX-intoxicated rats were co-treated with CMN (100 mg/kg, oral) for 10 days before and 5 days after a single dose of DOX. We studied the anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative activities of CMN on biochemical and immunohistochemical aspects. DOX disrupted cardiac and hepatic functions and stimulated oxidative stress and inflammation in both tissues that was confirmed biochemically and immunohistochemically. DOX enhanced inflammatory interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) and upregulated immunoexpression of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α). DOX induced structural alterations in both cardiac and hepatic tissues. CMN demonstrated cardioprotective potential through reducing cardiac troponin I (cTn1) and aspartate amino transaminase (AST). In addition, CMN significantly ameliorated liver function through decreasing alanine amino transaminase (ALT) and, gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), total cholesterol (TC), and triglycerides (TG). CMN demonstrated anti-inflammatory potential through decreasing IFN-γ levels and immunoexpression of iNOS, NF-κB, and TNF-α. Histopathologically, CMN restored DOX-associated cardiac and liver structural alterations. CMN showed anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory potentials in both the cardiac and hepatic tissues. In addition, cTn1, IFN-γ, and AST could be used as blood-based biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghadha Ibrahim Fouad
- Department of Therapeutic Chemistry, National Research Centre, 33 El-Bohouth St., Dokki, Cairo, 12622, Egypt.
| | - Kawkab A Ahmed
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 12211, Egypt
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3
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Nagaoka M, Fukami T, Kisui F, Yamada T, Sakai Y, Tashiro K, Ogiso T, Konishi K, Honda S, Hirosawa K, Nakano M, Nakajima M. Arylacetamide deacetylase knockout mice are sensitive to ketoconazole-induced hepatotoxicity and adrenal insufficiency. Biochem Pharmacol 2022; 195:114842. [PMID: 34798123 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2021.114842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Orally administered ketoconazole may rarely induce liver injury and adrenal insufficiency. A metabolite formed by arylacetamide deacetylase (AADAC)-mediated hydrolysis has been observed in cellulo studies, and it is relevant to ketoconazole-induced cytotoxicity. This study tried to examine the significance of AADAC in ketoconazole-induced toxicity in vivo using Aadac knockout mice. Oral administration of 150 mg/kg ketoconazole resulted in the area under the plasma concentration-time curve values of ketoconazole and N-deacetylketoconazole, a hydrolyzed metabolite of ketoconazole, in Aadac knockout mice being significantly higher and lower than those in wild-type mice, respectively. With the administration of ketoconazole (300 mg/kg/day) for 7 days, Aadac knockout mice showed higher mortality (100%) than wild-type mice (42.9%), and they also showed significantly higher plasma alanine transaminase and lower corticosterone levels, thus representing liver injury and steroidogenesis inhibition, respectively. It was suggested that a higher plasma ketoconazole concentration likely accounts for the inhibition of the synthesis of corticosterone, which has anti-inflammatory effects, in the adrenal gland in Aadac KO mice. In Aadac knockout mice, hepatic mRNA levels of immune- and inflammation-related factors were increased by the administration of 300 mg/kg ketoconazole, and the increase was restored by the replenishment of corticosterone (40 mg/kg, s.c.) along with recoveries of plasma alanine transaminase levels. In conclusion, Aadac defects exacerbate ketoconazole-induced liver injury by inhibiting glucocorticoid synthesis and enhancing the inflammatory response. This in vivo study revealed that the hydrolysis of ketoconazole by AADAC can mitigate ketoconazole-induced toxicities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mai Nagaoka
- Drug Metabolism and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Tatsuki Fukami
- Drug Metabolism and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan; WPI Nano Life Science Institute (WPI-NanoLSI), Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan.
| | - Fumiya Kisui
- Drug Metabolism and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Takuya Yamada
- Drug Metabolism and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Sakai
- Drug Metabolism and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Kiyomichi Tashiro
- Drug Metabolism and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Takuo Ogiso
- Drug Metabolism and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Keigo Konishi
- Drug Metabolism and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Shiori Honda
- Drug Metabolism and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Keiya Hirosawa
- Drug Metabolism and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Masataka Nakano
- Drug Metabolism and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan; WPI Nano Life Science Institute (WPI-NanoLSI), Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Miki Nakajima
- Drug Metabolism and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan; WPI Nano Life Science Institute (WPI-NanoLSI), Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
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Fan X, Ren T, Yang W, Zhang X, Yuan L. Activatable photoacoustic/fluorescent dual-modal probe for monitoring of drug-induced liver hypoxia in vivo. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:8644-8647. [PMID: 34369955 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc02999a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Effective monitoring of liver hypoxia status is crucial for the detection and treatment of drug-induced liver injury. Here, a novel photoacoustic and fluorescent dual-modal probe (NO2-CS) was rationally developed and applied to image isoniazid-induced liver hypoxia through detecting the over-expressed nitroreductase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaopeng Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P. R. China.
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Mandala A, Chen WJ, Armstrong A, Malhotra MR, Chavalmane S, McCommis KS, Chen A, Carpenter D, Biswas P, Gnana-Prakasam JP. PPAR α agonist fenofibrate attenuates iron-induced liver injury in mice by modulating the Sirt3 and β-catenin signaling. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2021; 321:G262-G269. [PMID: 34287090 PMCID: PMC8461793 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00129.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Iron accumulation is frequently associated with chronic liver diseases. However, our knowledge on how iron contributes to the liver injury is limited. Aberrant Wnt/β-catenin signaling is a hallmark of several hepatic pathologies. We recently reported that peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) agonist, fenofibrate, prevents iron-induced oxidative stress and β-catenin signaling by chelating the iron. Sirtuin3 (Sirt3), a type of NAD+-dependent deacetylase, that plays a critical role in metabolic regulation was found to prevent ischemia reperfusion injury (IRI) by normalizing the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. In the present study, we explored if fenofibrate prevents iron-induced liver injury by regulating the Sirt3 and β-catenin signaling. In vitro and in vivo iron treatment resulted in the downregulation of PPARα, Sirt3, active β-catenin, and its downstream target gene c-Myc in the mouse liver. Pharmacological activation of Sirt3, both in vitro and in vivo, by Honokiol (HK), a known activator of Sirt3, abrogated the inhibitory effect of iron overload on active β-catenin expression and prevented the iron-induced upregulation of α smooth muscle actin (αSMA) and TGFβ expression. Intrinsically, PPARα knockout mice showed significant downregulation of hepatic Sirt3 levels. In addition, treatment of iron overload mice with PPARα agonist fenofibrate reduced hepatic iron accumulation and prevented iron-induced downregulation of liver Sirt3 and active β-catenin, mitigating the progression of fibrosis. Thus, our results establish a novel link between hepatic iron and PPARα, Sirt3, and β-catenin signaling. Further exploration on the mechanisms by which fenofibrate ameliorates iron-induced liver injury likely has significant therapeutic impact on iron-associated chronic liver diseases.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Hepatic intracellular iron accumulation has been implicated in the pathophysiology of chronic liver diseases. In this study, we identified a novel mechanism involved in the progression of fibrosis. Excess iron accumulation in liver caused downregulation of PPARα-Sirt3-Wnt signaling leading to fibrosis. This work has significant translational potential as PPARα agonist fenofibrate could be an attractive therapeutic drug for the treatment of liver disorders associated with iron overload.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashok Mandala
- Department of Ophthalmology, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - William J Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Austin Armstrong
- Department of Ophthalmology, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Milan R Malhotra
- Department of Ophthalmology, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Sanmathi Chavalmane
- Department of Energy, Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Kyle S McCommis
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Anping Chen
- Department of Pathology, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri
| | | | - Pratim Biswas
- Department of Engineering, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida
| | - Jaya P Gnana-Prakasam
- Department of Ophthalmology, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri
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6
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Sun YL, Bai T, Zhou L, Zhu RT, Wang WJ, Liang RP, Li J, Zhang CX, Gou JJ. SOD3 deficiency induces liver fibrosis by promoting hepatic stellate cell activation and epithelial-mesenchymal transition. J Cell Physiol 2021; 236:4313-4329. [PMID: 33230845 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Hepatic stellate cell (HSC) activation plays an important role in the pathogenesis of liver fibrosis, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is suggested to potentially promote HSC activation. Superoxide dismutase 3 (SOD3) is an extracellular antioxidant defense against oxidative damage. Here, we found downregulation of SOD3 in a mouse model of liver fibrosis induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4 ). SOD3 deficiency induced spontaneous liver injury and fibrosis with increased collagen deposition, and further aggravated CCl4 -induced liver injury in mice. Depletion of SOD3 enhanced HSC activation marked by increased α-smooth muscle actin and subsequent collagen synthesis primarily collagen type I in vivo, and promoted transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1)-induced HSC activation in vitro. SOD3 deficiency accelerated EMT process in the liver and TGF-β1-induced EMT of AML12 hepatocytes, as evidenced by loss of E-cadherin and gain of N-cadherin and vimentin. Notably, SOD3 expression and its pro-fibrogenic effect were positively associated with sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) expression. SOD3 deficiency inhibited adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling to downregulate SIRT1 expression and thus involving in liver fibrosis. Enforced expression of SIRT1 inhibited SOD3 deficiency-induced HSC activation and EMT, whereas depletion of SIRT1 counteracted the inhibitory effect of SOD3 in vitro. These findings demonstrate that SOD3 deficiency contributes to liver fibrogenesis by promoting HSC activation and EMT process, and suggest a possibility that SOD3 may function through modulating SIRT1 via the AMPK pathway in liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ling Sun
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Institute of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Key Lab of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Tao Bai
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Institute of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Key Lab of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases, Zhengzhou, China
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Lin Zhou
- Institute of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Key Lab of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases, Zhengzhou, China
- Department of Digestive, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Rong-Tao Zhu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Institute of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Key Lab of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wei-Jie Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Institute of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Key Lab of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ruo-Peng Liang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Institute of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Key Lab of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jian Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Institute of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Key Lab of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Chi-Xian Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Institute of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Key Lab of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jian-Jun Gou
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Institute of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Key Lab of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases, Zhengzhou, China
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Cai S, Wu L, Yuan S, Liu G, Wang Y, Fang L, Xu D. Carvacrol alleviates liver fibrosis by inhibiting TRPM7 and modulating the MAPK signaling pathway. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 898:173982. [PMID: 33647257 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.173982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Liver fibrosis is a compensatory response to the tissue repair process. The activation and proliferation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) are thought to be related to the occurrence of hepatic fibrosis. Therefore, inhibiting the activation and proliferation of HSCs is a key step in alleviating liver fibrosis. As a non-specific inhibitor of transient receptor potential melastatin 7 (TRPM7), carvacrol has anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory and anti-hepatic fibrosis activities. This study aimed to explore the protective effect of carvacrol on liver fibrosis and related molecular mechanisms. A CCl4-induced liver fibrosis mouse model and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF-BB)-activated HSC-T6 cells (a rat hepatic stellate cell line) were employed for in vivo and in vitro experiments. C57BL/6J mice were orally administered different concentrations of carvacrol every day for 6 weeks during the development of CCl4-induced liver fibrosis. The results show that carvacrol could effectively reduce liver damage and the progression of liver fibrosis in mice, which are expressed as fibrotic markers levels were reduced and histopathological characteristics were improved. Moreover, carvacrol inhibited the proliferation and activation of HSC-T6 cells induced by PDGF-BB. In addition, it was found that carvacrol inhibits the expression of TRPM7 and mediated through mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK). Collectively, our study shows that carvacrol can reduce liver fibrosis by inhibiting the activation and proliferation of hepatic stellate cells, and the MAPK signaling pathway might be involved in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyi Cai
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui, Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, China; The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Hefei, China; Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Lijun Wu
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui, Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, China; The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Hefei, China; Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Siyu Yuan
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Guofang Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yalu Wang
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui, Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, China; The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Hefei, China; Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Ling Fang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China.
| | - Dujuan Xu
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui, Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, China; The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Hefei, China; Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China.
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Julian L, Naylor G, Wickman GR, Rath N, Castino G, Stevenson D, Bryson S, Munro J, McGarry L, Mullin M, Rice A, Del Río Hernández A, Olson MF. Defective apoptotic cell contractility provokes sterile inflammation, leading to liver damage and tumour suppression. eLife 2021; 10:e61983. [PMID: 33871359 PMCID: PMC8087448 DOI: 10.7554/elife.61983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Apoptosis is characterized by profound morphological changes, but their physiological purpose is unknown. To characterize the role of apoptotic cell contraction, ROCK1 was rendered caspase non-cleavable (ROCK1nc) by mutating aspartate 1113, which revealed that ROCK1 cleavage was necessary for forceful contraction and membrane blebbing. When homozygous ROCK1nc mice were treated with the liver-selective apoptotic stimulus of diethylnitrosamine, ROCK1nc mice had more profound liver damage with greater neutrophil infiltration than wild-type mice. Inhibition of the damage-associated molecular pattern protein HMGB1 or signalling by its cognate receptor TLR4 lowered neutrophil infiltration and reduced liver damage. ROCK1nc mice also developed fewer diethylnitrosamine-induced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) tumours, while HMGB1 inhibition increased HCC tumour numbers. Thus, ROCK1 activation and consequent cell contraction are required to limit sterile inflammation and damage amplification following tissue-scale cell death. Additionally, these findings reveal a previously unappreciated role for acute sterile inflammation as an efficient tumour-suppressive mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Julian
- Cancer Research United Kingdom Beatson Institute, Garscube EstateGlasgowUnited Kingdom
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of GlasgowGlasgowUnited Kingdom
| | - Gregory Naylor
- Cancer Research United Kingdom Beatson Institute, Garscube EstateGlasgowUnited Kingdom
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of GlasgowGlasgowUnited Kingdom
| | - Grant R Wickman
- Cancer Research United Kingdom Beatson Institute, Garscube EstateGlasgowUnited Kingdom
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of GlasgowGlasgowUnited Kingdom
| | - Nicola Rath
- Cancer Research United Kingdom Beatson Institute, Garscube EstateGlasgowUnited Kingdom
| | - Giovanni Castino
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Ryerson UniversityTorontoCanada
| | - David Stevenson
- Cancer Research United Kingdom Beatson Institute, Garscube EstateGlasgowUnited Kingdom
| | - Sheila Bryson
- Cancer Research United Kingdom Beatson Institute, Garscube EstateGlasgowUnited Kingdom
| | - June Munro
- Cancer Research United Kingdom Beatson Institute, Garscube EstateGlasgowUnited Kingdom
| | - Lynn McGarry
- Cancer Research United Kingdom Beatson Institute, Garscube EstateGlasgowUnited Kingdom
| | - Margaret Mullin
- Electron Microscopy Facility, School of Life Sciences, University of GlasgowGlasgowUnited Kingdom
| | - Alistair Rice
- Cellular and Molecular Biomechanics Laboratory, Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Armandodel Del Río Hernández
- Cellular and Molecular Biomechanics Laboratory, Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Michael F Olson
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Ryerson UniversityTorontoCanada
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Liu Q, Chen X, Liu C, Pan L, Kang X, Li Y, Du C, Dong S, Xiang AP, Xu Y, Zhang Q. Mesenchymal stem cells alleviate experimental immune-mediated liver injury via chitinase 3-like protein 1-mediated T cell suppression. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:240. [PMID: 33664231 PMCID: PMC7933182 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-03524-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Liver diseases with different pathogenesis share common pathways of immune-mediated injury. Chitinase-3-like protein 1 (CHI3L1) was induced in both acute and chronic liver injuries, and recent studies reported that it possesses an immunosuppressive ability. CHI3L1 was also expressed in mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), thus we investigates the role of CHI3L1 in MSC-based therapy for immune-mediated liver injury here. We found that CHI3L1 was highly expressed in human umbilical cord MSCs (hUC-MSCs). Downregulating CHI3L1 mitigated the ability of hUC-MSCs to inhibit T cell activation, proliferation and inflammatory cytokine secretion in vitro. Using Concanavalin A (Con A)-induced liver injury mouse model, we found that silencing CHI3L1 significantly abrogated the hUC-MSCs-mediated alleviation of liver injury, accompanying by weakened suppressive effects on infiltration and activation of hepatic T cells, and secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines. In addition, recombinant CHI3L1 (rCHI3L1) administration inhibited the proliferation and function of activated T cells, and alleviated the Con A-induced liver injury in mice. Mechanistically, gene set enrichment analysis showed that JAK/STAT signalling pathway was one of the most significantly enriched gene pathways in T cells co-cultured with hUC-MSCs with CHI3L1 knockdown, and further study revealed that CHI3L1 secreted by hUC-MSCs inhibited the STAT1/3 signalling in T cells by upregulating peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor δ (PPARδ). Collectively, our data showed that CHI3L1 was a novel MSC-secreted immunosuppressive factor and provided new insights into therapeutic treatment of immune-mediated liver injury.
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Grants
- This work was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2017YFA0106100, 2018YFA0107203, 2017YFA010550), National Natural Science Foundation of China (81971526, 81670601, 81760112, 31601184, 81870449, 81970537, 81970109), Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation (2020A1515010272, 2020A1515011385), Key project fund of Guangdong Natural Science Foundation (2017A030311034), Special fund for frontier and key technology innovation of Guangdong (2015B020226004) and National Keypoint Research and Invention program of the thirteenth (2018ZX10723203), the Key Scientific and Technological Projects of Guangdong Province (2019B020236004, 2019B020234001, 2019B020235002, 2017B020230004), Key Scientific and Technological Program of Guangzhou City (201803040011, 201802020023), Pearl River S&T Nova Program of Guangzhou (201906010095), Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (20ykpy149).
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuli Liu
- Biotherapy Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 510630, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Center for Stem Cell Biology and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, 510080, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyong Chen
- Biotherapy Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 510630, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Center for Stem Cell Biology and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, 510080, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Pathophysiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, 510080, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chang Liu
- Biotherapy Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 510630, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lijie Pan
- Cell-gene Therapy Translational Medicine Research Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 510630, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinmei Kang
- Biotherapy Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 510630, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanli Li
- Biotherapy Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 510630, Guangzhou, China
| | - Cong Du
- Biotherapy Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 510630, Guangzhou, China
- Cell-gene Therapy Translational Medicine Research Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 510630, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 510630, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuai Dong
- Biotherapy Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 510630, Guangzhou, China
| | - Andy Peng Xiang
- Biotherapy Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 510630, Guangzhou, China.
- Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Center for Stem Cell Biology and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, 510080, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Yan Xu
- Biotherapy Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 510630, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Qi Zhang
- Biotherapy Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 510630, Guangzhou, China.
- Cell-gene Therapy Translational Medicine Research Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 510630, Guangzhou, China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 510630, Guangzhou, China.
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10
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Nguyen NT, Du K, Akakpo JY, Umbaugh DS, Jaeschke H, Ramachandran A. Mitochondrial protein adduct and superoxide generation are prerequisites for early activation of c-jun N-terminal kinase within the cytosol after an acetaminophen overdose in mice. Toxicol Lett 2021; 338:21-31. [PMID: 33290831 PMCID: PMC7852579 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2020.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Acetaminophen (APAP) overdose is the most common cause of acute liver failure in the United States and formation of APAP-protein adducts, mitochondrial oxidant stress and activation of the mitogen activated protein (MAP) kinase c-jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) are critical for APAP-induced cell death. However, direct evidence linking these mechanistic features are lacking and were investigated by examining the early temporal course of these changes in mice after 300 mg/kg APAP. Protein adducts were detectable in the liver (0.05-0.1 nmol/mg protein) by 15 and 30 min after APAP, which increased (>500 %) selectively in mitochondria by 60 min. Cytosolic JNK activation was only evident at 60 min, and was significantly attenuated by scavenging superoxide specifically in the cytosol by TEMPO treatment. Treatment of mouse hepatocytes with APAP revealed mitochondrial superoxide generation within 15 min, accompanied by hydrogen peroxide production without change in mitochondrial respiratory function. The oxidant stress preceded JNK activation and its mitochondrial translocation. Inhibitor studies identified the putative source of mitochondrial superoxide as complex III, which released superoxide towards the intermembrane space after APAP resulting in activation of JNK in the cytosol. Our studies provide direct evidence of mechanisms involved in mitochondrial superoxide generation after NAPQI-adduct formation and its activation of the MAP kinase cascade in the cytosol, which are critical features of APAP hepatotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nga T Nguyen
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA
| | - Kuo Du
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA
| | - Jephte Y Akakpo
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA
| | - David S Umbaugh
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA
| | - Hartmut Jaeschke
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA
| | - Anup Ramachandran
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA.
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11
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Biobaku KT, Azeez OM, Amid SA, Asogwa TN, Abdullahi AA, Raji OL, Abdulhamid JA. Thirty days oral Aframomum melegueta extract elicited analgesic effect but influenced cytochrome p4501BI, cardiac troponin T, testicular alfa-fetoprotein and other biomarkers in rats. J Ethnopharmacol 2021; 267:113493. [PMID: 33096199 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Pain is the commonest symptom of a disease and the percentage of persons manifesting one form of pain is growing globally. Aframomum melegueta (AM) is commonly used by traditional doctors as medication for many ailments such as body pains and rheumatism because it possesses anti-inflammatory, anti-allergenic, antiviral, anti-ageing and anti-tumour phytochemical agents. AIM OF THE STUDY Traditionally a botanical remedy in the management of pain was assessed. A common tropical plant Aframomum melegueta (AM) was evaluated for the amelioration of pain. For further pharmacologic understanding sensitive marker were used to assess the effect of the extract on the organ as a multifaceted approach to the evaluation of safety and analgesic efficacy. MATERIALS AND METHOD Sensitive biomarkers such as troponin-T (CTnT), cardiac troponin-I (CTnI), interleukin-beta (IL-β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-alfa (TNF-α) were evaluated using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method and electrocardiographic parameters were also evaluated. The dynamics of concentrations of the various subfamilies of cytochrome were also assessed using ELISA in the evaluation of thirty-day oral AM, while histopathological changes of organs were also observed. RESULTS Thirty-day oral AM doses 40 mg/kg and 80 mg/kg showed analgesic potential but influenced IL-6 level, IL-1β, TNF-α and P-LCR. Electrocardiographic parameters showed the extract had arrhythmogenic effects the other cardiac parameters influenced was CTnT. The testicular alfa-fetoprotein and prostate specific antigen were also influenced. There were also some histopathological changes. CONCLUSIONS The extract showed analgesic, anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory potential with possible adverse effects consistent with testicular and prostate cancers, cardiovascular complication, hepatic congestion and cholestasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Talha Biobaku
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria
| | - O Mistura Azeez
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria
| | - S Adetayo Amid
- Department of Veterinary Surgery and Radiology, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria.
| | | | - A Abubakar Abdullahi
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria
| | - O Lukman Raji
- Department of Theriogenology and Animal Production, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria
| | - J Atata Abdulhamid
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria
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12
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Wan M, Xu H, Li D, Wang L, Li X. Accuracy of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase-to-platelet ratio (GPR), red cell distribution width (RDW), aspartate aminotransferase-to-platelet ratio index (APRI), and the fibrosis-4 index (FIB4) compared with liver biopsy in patients with drug-induced liver injury (DILI). Medicine (Baltimore) 2021; 100:e24723. [PMID: 33578617 PMCID: PMC10545076 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000024723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT This study objected to evaluate the accuracy of the gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase-to-platelet ratio (GPR), aspartate aminotransferase-to-platelet ratio index (APRI), red cell distribution width (RDW), and fibrosis-4 index (FIB4) index, compared with liver biopsy (LB), in predicting the severity of inflammation in drug-induced liver injury (DILI) patients.We evaluated patients with DILI who were followed at the First Hospital of Jilin University and underwent LB. Accuracy of each method was analyzed using ROC analysis. Classifications of liver inflammation included G0-4.One hundred fifty six DILI patients were included with LB and complete medical records. 62.8% (98), 39.1% (61), and 16.7% (26) were classified as ≥G2, ≥G3, or G4, respectively. The AUROCs, by degree of inflammation, were: ≥G2: GPR: 0.654, RDW: 0.635, APRI: 0.728, and FIB4: 0.739; ≥G3: GPR: 0.623, RDW: 0.703, APRI: 0.777, and FIB4: 0.781; and G4: GPR: 0.556, RDW: 0.647, APRI: 0.729, and FIB4: 0.714. To predict ≥G2 inflammation, there were no differences between the AUROCs for GPR, RDW, APRI, and FIB4. To predict ≥G3 inflammation, the AUROCs for FIB4 and APRI were higher than that for GPR (0.781 vs 0.623, P < .01; 0.777 vs 0.623, P < .05). As for G4 inflammation, the AUROCs for FIB4 and APRI were also higher than GPR (0.714 vs 0.556, P < .05, 0.729 vs 0.556, P < .05).When the level of inflammation was higher than G2 in patients with DILI, it could be predicted using APRI and FIB4 as non-invasive markers for this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minjie Wan
- Department of Hepatology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, No. 71 Xinmin Street
| | - Hongqin Xu
- Department of Hepatology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, No. 71 Xinmin Street
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease, Laboratory of Molecular Virology
| | - Dezhao Li
- Department of Hepatology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, No. 71 Xinmin Street
| | - Le Wang
- Department of Ultrasound, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, No. 71 Xinmin Street, Changchun, China
| | - Xu Li
- Department of Hepatology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, No. 71 Xinmin Street
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13
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Walker RE, Savinova OV, Pedersen TL, Newman JW, Shearer GC. Effects of inflammation and soluble epoxide hydrolase inhibition on oxylipin composition of very low-density lipoproteins in isolated perfused rat livers. Physiol Rep 2021; 9:e14480. [PMID: 33625776 PMCID: PMC7903942 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.14480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxylipins are metabolites of polyunsaturated fatty acids that mediate cardiovascular health by attenuation of inflammation, vascular tone, hemostasis, and thrombosis. Very low-density lipoproteins (VLDL) contain oxylipins, but it is unknown whether the liver regulates their concentrations. In this study, we used a perfused liver model to observe the effect of inflammatory lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge and soluble epoxide hydrolase inhibition (sEHi) on VLDL oxylipins. A compartmental model of deuterium-labeled linoleic acid and palmitic acid incorporation into VLDL was also developed to assess the dependence of VLDL oxylipins on fatty acid incorporation rates. LPS decreased the total fatty acid VLDL content by 30% [6%,47%], and decreased final concentration of several oxylipins by a similar amount (13-HOTrE, 35% [4%,55%], -1.3 nM; 9(10)-EpODE, 29% [3%,49%], -2.0 nM; 15(16)-EpODE, 29% [2%,49%], -1.6 nM; AA-derived diols, 32% [5%,52%], -2.4 nM; 19(20)-DiHDPA, 31% [7%,50%], -1.0 nM). However, the EPA-derived epoxide, 17(18)-EpETE, was decreased by 75% [49%,88%], (-0.52 nM) with LPS, double the suppression of other oxylipins. sEHi increased final concentration of DHA epoxide, 16(17)-EpDPE, by 99% [35%,193%], (2.0 nM). Final VLDL-oxylipin concentrations with LPS treatment were not correlated with linoleic acid kinetics, suggesting they were independently regulated under inflammatory conditions. We conclude that the liver regulates oxylipin incorporation into VLDL, and the oxylipin content is altered by LPS challenge and by inhibition of the epoxide hydrolase pathway. This provides evidence for delivery of systemic oxylipin signals by VLDL transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel E. Walker
- Department of Nutritional SciencesThe Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPAUSA
| | - Olga V. Savinova
- Department of Biomedical SciencesNew York Institute of Technology College of Osteopathic MedicineOld WestburyNYUSA
- Sanford ResearchUniversity of South DakotaSioux FallsSDUSA
| | - Theresa L. Pedersen
- Advanced AnalyticsDavisCAUSA
- Department of Food Science and TechnologyUniversity of CaliforniaDavisCAUSA
| | - John W. Newman
- Department of Food Science and TechnologyUniversity of CaliforniaDavisCAUSA
- Obesity and Metabolism Research UnitWestern Human Nutrition Research CenterAgricultural Research ServiceUS Department of AgricultureDavisCAUSA
| | - Gregory C. Shearer
- Department of Nutritional SciencesThe Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPAUSA
- Sanford ResearchUniversity of South DakotaSioux FallsSDUSA
- Sanford School of MedicineUniversity of South DakotaSioux FallsSDUSA
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14
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Chen C, Gu J, Wang J, Wu Y, Yang A, Chen T, Zhou T, Liu Z. Physcion 8-O-β-glucopyranoside ameliorates liver fibrosis through inflammation inhibition by regulating SIRT3-mediated NF-κB P65 nuclear expression. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 90:107206. [PMID: 33246826 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.107206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Physcion 8-O-β-glucopyranoside (PSG), an anthraquinone extracted from Rumex japonicus Houtt, has various pharmacological effects, however, the effect of PSG on liver fibrosis and its related mechanism remain to be determined. We here showed that PSG ameliorated liver injury and liver fibrosis, decreased collagen deposition and inhibited inflammation in carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced rats. Consistent with the in vivo results, PSG suppressed the transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1)-induced cell viability, liver fibrosis and secretion of inflammatory factors in hepatic stellate cells (HSCs). Interestingly, PSG increased the enzyme activity and promoter activity of sirtuin 3 (SIRT3) in fibrotic liver and activated HSCs. In addition, PSG notably increased the mRNA and protein expression of SIRT3 both in vivo and in vitro. Depletion of SIRT3 either by using 3-TYP (SIRT3 selective inhibitor) or SIRT3 siRNA attenuated the anti-inflammatory effect of PSG in activated HSCs. Further study found that TGF-β1 increased the nuclear expression of NF-κB p65, but showed no obvious effect on the total NF-κB p65 expression. Compared to the control adenovirus (Ad.mk), overexpression of SIRT3 by infecting adenovirus encoding SIRT3 (Ad.SIRT3) notably decreased the nuclear expression of NF-κB p65 in activated HSCs. Our results demonstrated that PSG attenuated inflammation by regulating SIRT3-mediated NF-κB P65 nuclear expression in liver fibrosis, providing novel molecular insights into the anti-fibrotic effect of PSG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, 19 Qixiu Road, Nantong, Jiangsu Province 226001, China
| | - Jingya Gu
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, 19 Qixiu Road, Nantong, Jiangsu Province 226001, China
| | - Jue Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, 19 Qixiu Road, Nantong, Jiangsu Province 226001, China
| | - Yu Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, Nantong Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, China
| | - Aihua Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Nantong Maternal and Children Health Care Service Hospital, Nantong 226018, China
| | - Tingting Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, 19 Qixiu Road, Nantong, Jiangsu Province 226001, China
| | - Tingting Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, 19 Qixiu Road, Nantong, Jiangsu Province 226001, China
| | - Zhaoguo Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, 19 Qixiu Road, Nantong, Jiangsu Province 226001, China.
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15
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Ryu J, Kim E, Kang MK, Song DG, Shin EA, Lee H, Jung JW, Nam SH, Kim JE, Kim HJ, Son T, Kim S, Kim HY, Lee JW. Differential TM4SF5-mediated SIRT1 modulation and metabolic signaling in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis progression. J Pathol 2021; 253:55-67. [PMID: 32918742 DOI: 10.1002/path.5548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is a chronic condition involving steatosis, steatohepatitis and fibrosis, and its progression remains unclear. Although the tetraspanin transmembrane 4 L six family member 5 (TM4SF5) is involved in hepatic fibrosis and cancer, its role in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) progression is unknown. We investigated the contribution of TM4SF5 to liver pathology using transgenic and KO mice, diet- or drug-treated mice, in vitro primary cells, and in human tissue. TM4SF5-overexpressing mice exhibited nonalcoholic steatosis and NASH in an age-dependent manner. Initially, TM4SF5-positive hepatocytes and liver tissue exhibited lipid accumulation, decreased Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1), increased sterol regulatory-element binding proteins (SREBPs) and inactive STAT3 via suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS)1/3 upregulation. In older mice, TM4SF5 promoted inflammatory factor induction, SIRT1 expression and STAT3 activity, but did not change SOCS or SREBP levels, leading to active STAT3-mediated ECM production for NASH progression. A TM4SF5-associated increase in chemokines promoted SIRT1 expression and progression to NASH with fibrosis. Suppression of the chemokine CCL20 reduced immune cell infiltration and ECM production. Liver tissue from high-fat diet- or CCl4 -treated mice and human patients exhibited TM4SF5-dependent steatotic or steatohepatitic livers with links between TM4SF5-mediated SIRT1 modulation and SREBP or SOCS/STAT3 signaling axes. TM4SF5-mediated STAT3 activation in fibrotic NASH livers increased collagen I and laminin γ2. Both collagen I α1 and laminin γ2 suppression resulted in reduced SIRT1 and active STAT3, but no change in SREBP1 or SOCS, and abolished CCl4 -mediated mouse liver damage. TM4SF5-mediated signaling pathways that involve SIRT1, SREBPs and SOCS/STAT3 promoted progression to NASH. Therefore, TM4SF5 and its downstream effectors may be promising therapeutic targets to treat nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. © 2020 The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihye Ryu
- Department of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunmi Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Kyung Kang
- Department of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Geun Song
- Department of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Systems Biotechnology Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Gangneung-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Ae Shin
- Department of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Haesong Lee
- Department of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Woo Jung
- Interdisciplinary Program in Genetic Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seo Hee Nam
- Department of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Interdisciplinary Program in Genetic Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Eon Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Jin Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Taekwon Son
- Department of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Semi Kim
- Immunotherapy Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwi Young Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ewha Womans University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Weon Lee
- Department of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Interdisciplinary Program in Genetic Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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16
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Karabulut D, Ozturk E, Kuloglu N, Akin AT, Kaymak E, Yakan B. Effects of vitamin B12 on methotrexate hepatotoxicity: evaluation of receptor-interacting protein (RIP) kinase. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2020; 393:2473-2480. [PMID: 33052426 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-020-01992-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In the study, we aimed to show the effects of vitamin B12 on the necrosis caused by methotrexate (MTX), a folic acid antagonist. Thirty-two rats were randomly assigned to four groups of eight rats per group. Control (n = 8), Vit B12 (n = 8) 3 μg/kg/ip B12 (15 days) per day throughout the experiment, MTX (n = 8) injected with a single dose of 20 mg/kg/ip MTX on 8th day of experiment, MTX + Vit B12 (n = 8) injected with a single dose of 20 mg/kg ip methotrexate on 8th day of experiment + 3 μg/kg/ip Vit B12 (15 days) per day throughout the experiment. Oxidant (TOS)/antioxidant (TAS) system, TNF-α and TGF-β levels, AST and ALT, serum vitamin B12 levels were determined in the tissue. Cyclooxygenase-2 (Cox-2), receptor-interacting protein kinase 1 (RIP1) and 3 (RIP3) immunohistochemistry were applied to the liver tissue. TOS increased; TAS decreased; TNF-α and TGF-β levels increased; AST and ALT levels changed after MTX hepatotoxicity. Vit B12 decreased significantly. COX-2, RIP1, and RIP3 immunoreactivity increased. Vit B12 showed improvement in all of the negative results. Vit B12 is an important supplement to be used against necrosis in tissue after MTX hepatotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derya Karabulut
- Histology-Embriology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, Köşk, Talas Avenue, 38030 Melikgazi-, Kayseri, Turkey.
| | - Emel Ozturk
- Histology-Embriology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Harran University, Sanlıurfa, Turkey
| | - Nurhan Kuloglu
- Histology-Embriology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, Köşk, Talas Avenue, 38030 Melikgazi-, Kayseri, Turkey
- Health Care Services Elderly Care Department, Niğde Ömer Halisdemir University, Niğde, Turkey
| | - Ali Tuğrul Akin
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Emin Kaymak
- Histology-Embriology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Bozok University, Yozgat, Turkey
| | - Birkan Yakan
- Histology-Embriology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, Köşk, Talas Avenue, 38030 Melikgazi-, Kayseri, Turkey
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17
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Sedan D, Malaissi L, Vaccarini CA, Ventosi E, Laguens M, Rosso L, Giannuzzi L, Andrinolo D. [D-Leu 1]MC-LR Has Lower PP1 Inhibitory Capability and Greater Toxic Potency than MC-LR in Animal and Plant Tissues. Toxins (Basel) 2020; 12:toxins12100632. [PMID: 33019556 PMCID: PMC7600089 DOI: 10.3390/toxins12100632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Two microcystins, MC-LR and [D-Leu1]MC-LR, present in La Plata Basin blooms, are differentiated by substitution of D-Alanine for D-Leucine at position 1. Our objective was to evaluate acute toxicity of [D-Leu1]MC-LR and MC-LR in mice (N:NIH Swiss) and beans (Phaseolus vulgaris). We observed variations in [D-Leu1]MC-LR lethal doses with respect to those reported for MC-LR (100 μg/kg), with an increased liver/body weight ratio and intrahepatic hemorrhages in mice exposed to 50–200 μg [D-Leu1]MC-LR/kg and slight steatosis after a single 25 μg [D-Leu1]MC-LR/kg i.p. dose. Our study in the plant model showed alterations in germination, development, morphology and TBARs levels after a single contact with the toxins during imbibition (3.5 and 15 µg/mL), those treated with [D-Leu1]MC-LR being more affected than those treated with the same concentration of MC-LR. Protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) IC50 values were 40.6 nM and 5.3 nM for [D-Leu1]MC-LR and MC-LR, respectively. However, the total phosphatase activity test in root homogenate showed 60% inhibition for [D-Leu1]MC-LR and 12% for MC-LR. In mouse liver homogenate, 50% inhibition was observed for [D-Leu1]MC-LR and 40% for MC-LR. Our findings indicate the need for further research into [D-Leu1]MC-LR toxicity since together with oxidative stress, the possible inhibition of other phosphatases could explain the differences detected in the potency of the two toxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Sedan
- Center for Environmental Research (CIM), National Council for Scientific and Technical Research (CONICET), National University of La Plata (UNLP), La Plata 1900, Argentina
- Area of Toxicology, School of Exact Sciences, National University of La Plata (UNLP), La Plata 1900, Argentina
| | - Luciano Malaissi
- Center for Environmental Research (CIM), National Council for Scientific and Technical Research (CONICET), National University of La Plata (UNLP), La Plata 1900, Argentina
- Area of Toxicology, School of Exact Sciences, National University of La Plata (UNLP), La Plata 1900, Argentina
| | - Cristian Adrián Vaccarini
- Center for Environmental Research (CIM), National Council for Scientific and Technical Research (CONICET), National University of La Plata (UNLP), La Plata 1900, Argentina
- Area of Toxicology, School of Exact Sciences, National University of La Plata (UNLP), La Plata 1900, Argentina
| | - Ezequiel Ventosi
- Area of Toxicology, School of Exact Sciences, National University of La Plata (UNLP), La Plata 1900, Argentina
| | - Martín Laguens
- Pathology B Cathedra, School of Medical Sciences, National University of La Plata (UNLP), La Plata 1900, Argentina
| | - Lorena Rosso
- Area of Toxicology, School of Exact Sciences, National University of La Plata (UNLP), La Plata 1900, Argentina
| | - Leda Giannuzzi
- Research Center in Food Cryotechnology (CIDCA), National Council for Scientific and Technical Research (CONICET), La Plata 1900, Argentina
| | - Darío Andrinolo
- Center for Environmental Research (CIM), National Council for Scientific and Technical Research (CONICET), National University of La Plata (UNLP), La Plata 1900, Argentina
- Area of Toxicology, School of Exact Sciences, National University of La Plata (UNLP), La Plata 1900, Argentina
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Yoon JE, Lee KY, Seok JS, Cheng WN, Kwon HC, Jeong CH, Han SG. Zearalenone Induces Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Modulates the Expression of Phase I/II Enzymes in Human Liver Cells. Toxins (Basel) 2019; 12:E2. [PMID: 31861425 PMCID: PMC7020402 DOI: 10.3390/toxins12010002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 12/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Zearalenone (ZEN) is a mycotoxin produced by Fusarium species; however, its mechanisms of action in human livers have not been fully elucidated. Thus, we investigated the toxic mechanisms of ZEN in human liver cells. HepG2 cells were treated with ZEN (0-40 μg/mL) for up to 24 h. A significant decrease in cell viability was observed after treatment with 20 and 40 μg/mL of ZEN, including a significant increase in apoptosis and reactive oxygen species production. ZEN increased GRP78 and CHOP, and eIF2α phosphorylation, indicating ER stress; elevated transcription of the autophagy-associated genes, beclin1 and LC3, and translation of LC3; and increased phase I metabolism by increasing PXR and CYP3A4. The protein expression level of CYP3A4 was higher with ZEN treatment up to 20 μg/mL, but remained at the control level after treatment with 40 μg/mL ZEN. In phase II metabolism, Nrf2 activation and UGT1A expression were increased with ZEN treatment up to 20 μg/mL. Treating cells with an ER stress inhibitor alleviated ZEN-induced cell death and autophagy, and inhibited the expression of phase I/II enzymes. Overall, high ZEN concentrations can modulate the expression of phase I/II enzymes via ER stress and reduced protein levels in human liver cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jee Eun Yoon
- Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Food Science and Biotechnology of Animal Resources, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea; (J.E.Y.); (J.S.S.); (W.N.C.); (H.C.K.); (C.H.J.)
| | - Kwang Yong Lee
- R & D department, Morningbio Co., Ltd., Cheonan 31111, Korea;
| | - Jin Sil Seok
- Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Food Science and Biotechnology of Animal Resources, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea; (J.E.Y.); (J.S.S.); (W.N.C.); (H.C.K.); (C.H.J.)
| | - Wei Nee Cheng
- Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Food Science and Biotechnology of Animal Resources, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea; (J.E.Y.); (J.S.S.); (W.N.C.); (H.C.K.); (C.H.J.)
| | - Hyuk Cheol Kwon
- Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Food Science and Biotechnology of Animal Resources, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea; (J.E.Y.); (J.S.S.); (W.N.C.); (H.C.K.); (C.H.J.)
| | - Chang Hee Jeong
- Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Food Science and Biotechnology of Animal Resources, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea; (J.E.Y.); (J.S.S.); (W.N.C.); (H.C.K.); (C.H.J.)
| | - Sung Gu Han
- Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Food Science and Biotechnology of Animal Resources, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea; (J.E.Y.); (J.S.S.); (W.N.C.); (H.C.K.); (C.H.J.)
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Wu Z, Liu Q, Wang L, Zheng M, Guan M, Zhang M, Zhao W, Wang C, Lu S, Cheng J, Leng S. The essential role of CYP2E1 in metabolism and hepatotoxicity of N,N-dimethylformamide using a novel Cyp2e1 knockout mouse model and a population study. Arch Toxicol 2019; 93:3169-3181. [PMID: 31501917 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-019-02567-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
N,N-Dimethylformamide (DMF) is a widespread contaminant of leather factories and their surrounding environment. There is a lack of direct in vivo evidence supporting CYP2E1 as a primary enzyme responsible for DMF metabolism and hepatotoxicity. In this study, a novel Cyp2e1 knockout (KO) mouse model was generated and used to assess whether DMF metabolism and hepatotoxicity is CYP2E1 dependent using an acute toxicity protocol with a single dose of 1500 mg DMF/kg. An epidemiological study in 698 DMF-exposed workers and 188 non-DMF-exposed controls was conducted to investigate the associations between functional polymorphisms of CYP2E1 (rs6413432/rs2031920) and DMF metabolite (N-methylcarbmoylated-hemoglobin [NMHb]). We successfully established Cyp2e1 KO mice with evidence from DNA sequence analysis, which showed 1-bp insertion at 65 bp (C) site of Cyp2e1 Exon 1. In addition, western blot and in vivo pharmacokinetic study also showed a complete absence of CYP2E1 protein and a 92% and 88% reduction in CYP2E1 activity among males and females, respectively. DMF metabolism as evidenced by increased blood NMHb, and hepatotoxicity as evidenced by elevated liver/body weight ratio, activity of liver enzymes and massive liver necrosis were detected in wild-type (WT) mice but were completely abrogated in KO mice, strongly supporting a CYP2E1-dependent pattern of DMF metabolism and hepatotoxicity. Moreover, variant allele of CYP2E1-rs6413432 was also significantly associated with higher NMHb levels in DMF-exposed workers (P = 0.045). The increase of glucose-regulated protein 94 detected in WT mice but not in KO mice suggested CYP2E1-dependent endoplasmic reticulum stress may be a key mechanism underlying DMF-induced hepatotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijun Wu
- The Toxicology Laboratory of National Institute of Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Qiang Liu
- Department of Environmental Health, Suzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jiangsu, 215004, China
| | - Lei Wang
- The Toxicology Laboratory of National Institute of Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Min Zheng
- The Toxicology Laboratory of National Institute of Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Mingyue Guan
- The Toxicology Laboratory of National Institute of Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Man Zhang
- The Toxicology Laboratory of National Institute of Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Wenjin Zhao
- The Toxicology Laboratory of National Institute of Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Chunmin Wang
- Department of Physical and Chemical Laboratory, Suzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jiangsu, 215004, China
| | - Songwen Lu
- Department of Environmental Health, Suzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jiangsu, 215004, China
| | - Juan Cheng
- The Toxicology Laboratory of National Institute of Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 100050, China.
| | - Shuguang Leng
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Shandong, 266021, China.
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20
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Poole LG, Pant A, Baker KS, Kopec AK, Cline-Fedewa HM, Iismaa SE, Flick MJ, Luyendyk JP. Chronic liver injury drives non-traditional intrahepatic fibrin(ogen) crosslinking via tissue transglutaminase. J Thromb Haemost 2019; 17:113-125. [PMID: 30415489 PMCID: PMC6322974 DOI: 10.1111/jth.14330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Essentials Fibrin clots are often implicated in the progression of liver fibrosis. Liver fibrosis was induced in transgenic mice with defects in clot formation or stabilization. Liver fibrosis and fibrin(ogen) deposition do not require fibrin polymerization or factor XIIIa. Fibrin(ogen) is an in vivo substrate of tissue transglutaminase in experimental liver fibrosis. SUMMARY: Background Intravascular fibrin clots and extravascular fibrin deposits are often implicated in the progression of liver fibrosis. However, evidence supporting a pathological role of fibrin in hepatic fibrosis is indirect and based largely on studies using anticoagulant drugs that inhibit activation of the coagulation protease thrombin, which has other downstream targets that promote fibrosis. Therefore, the goal of this study was to determine the precise role of fibrin deposits in experimental hepatic fibrosis. Methods Liver fibrosis was induced in mice expressing mutant fibrinogen insensitive to thrombin-mediated proteolysis (i.e. locked in the monomeric form), termed FibAEK mice, and factor XIII A2 subunit-deficient (FXIII-/- ) mice. Female wild-type mice, FXIII-/- mice and homozygous FibAEK mice were challenged with carbon tetrachloride (CCl4 ) twice weekly for 4 weeks or 6 weeks (1 mL kg-1 , intraperitoneal). Results Hepatic injury and fibrosis induced by CCl4 challenge were unaffected by FXIII deficiency or inhibition of thrombin-catalyzed fibrin polymer formation (in FibAEK mice). Surprisingly, hepatic deposition of crosslinked fibrin(ogen) was not reduced in CCl4 -challenged FXIII-/- mice or FibAEK mice as compared with wild-type mice. Rather, deposition of crosslinked hepatic fibrin(ogen) following CCl4 challenge was dramatically reduced in tissue transglutaminase-2 (TGM2)-deficient (TGM2-/- ) mice. However, the reduction in crosslinked fibrin(ogen) in TGM2-/- mice did not affect CCl4 -induced liver fibrosis. Conclusions These results indicate that neither traditional fibrin clots, formed by the thrombin-activated FXIII pathway nor atypical TGM2-crosslinked fibrin(ogen) contribute to experimental CCl4 -induced liver fibrosis. Collectively, the results indicate that liver fibrosis occurs independently of intrahepatic fibrin(ogen) deposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- L G Poole
- Institute for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Department of Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - A Pant
- Institute for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Department of Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - K S Baker
- Institute for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - A K Kopec
- Institute for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Department of Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - H M Cline-Fedewa
- Department of Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - S E Iismaa
- Division of Molecular Cardiology and Biophysics, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - M J Flick
- Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - J P Luyendyk
- Institute for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Department of Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
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21
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Zoubek ME, Woitok MM, Sydor S, Nelson LJ, Bechmann LP, Lucena MI, Andrade RJ, Bast A, Koek GH, Trautwein C, Cubero FJ. Protective role of c-Jun N-terminal kinase-2 (JNK2) in ibuprofen-induced acute liver injury. J Pathol 2018; 247:110-122. [PMID: 30264435 DOI: 10.1002/path.5174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Revised: 08/26/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Ibuprofen is a worldwide used non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug which may cause acute liver injury (ALI) requiring liver transplantation. We aimed to unveil the molecular pathways involved in triggering ibuprofen-induced ALI, which, at present, remain elusive. First, we investigated activation of essential pathways in human liver sections of ibuprofen-induced ALI. Next, we assessed the cytotoxicity of ibuprofen in vitro and developed a novel murine model of ibuprofen intoxication. To assess the role of JNK, we used animals carrying constitutive deletion of c-Jun N-terminal kinase 1 (Jnk1-/- ) or Jnk2 (Jnk2-/- ) expression and included investigations using animals with hepatocyte-specific Jnk deletion either genetically (Jnk1Δhepa ) or by siRNA (siJnk2Δhepa ). We found in human and murine samples of ibuprofen-induced acute liver failure that JNK phosphorylation was increased in the cytoplasm of hepatocytes and other non-liver parenchymal cells (non-LPCs) compared with healthy tissue. In mice, ibuprofen intoxication resulted in a significantly stronger degree of liver injury compared with vehicle-treated controls as evidenced by serum transaminases, and hepatic histopathology. Next, we investigated molecular pathways. PKCα, AKT, JNK and RIPK1 were significantly increased 8 h after ibuprofen intoxication. Constitutive Jnk1-/- and Jnk2-/- deficient mice exhibited increased liver dysfunction compared to wild-type (WT) animals. Furthermore, siJnk2Δhepa animals showed a dramatic increase in biochemical markers of liver function, which correlated with significantly higher serum liver enzymes and worsened liver histology, and MAPK activation compared to Jnk1Δhepa or WT animals. In our study, cytoplasmic JNK activation in hepatocytes and other non-LPCs is a hallmark of human and murine ibuprofen-induced ALI. Functional in vivo analysis demonstrated a protective role of hepatocyte-specific Jnk2 during ibuprofen ALI. Copyright © 2018 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel E Zoubek
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, School for Nutrition, Toxicology and Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Marius M Woitok
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Svenja Sydor
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Leonard J Nelson
- Institute for Bioengineering (IBioE), Human Tissue Engineering, Faraday Building, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Lars P Bechmann
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Maria I Lucena
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Enfermedades Digestivas, Servicio de Farmacología Clínica, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Universidad de Málaga, CIBERehd, Málaga, Spain
| | - Raul J Andrade
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Enfermedades Digestivas, Servicio de Farmacología Clínica, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Universidad de Málaga, CIBERehd, Málaga, Spain
| | - Aalt Bast
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, School for Nutrition, Toxicology and Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Ger H Koek
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Maastricht University Medical Center and School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Visceral Surgery and Transplantation, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Christian Trautwein
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Francisco J Cubero
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
- Department of Immunology, Ophthalmology and ORL, Complutense University School of Medicine, Madrid, Spain
- 12 de Octubre Health Research Institute (imas12), Madrid, Spain
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22
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Sadek KM, Lebda MA, Abouzed TK, Nasr SM, El-Sayed Y. The molecular and biochemical insight view of lycopene in ameliorating tramadol-induced liver toxicity in a rat model: implication of oxidative stress, apoptosis, and MAPK signaling pathways. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2018; 25:33119-33130. [PMID: 30251044 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-3265-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The influence of tramadol (TD) on hepatic tissue and the potential efficiency of lycopene to mitigate TD-induced hepatotoxic impacts were determined. Forty male albino rats were allocated into four groups: group I, untreated (placebo); group II, injected with TD (15 mg kg-1) intraperitoneally (i.p.); group III, gastrogavaged with lycopene (10 mg kg-1) per os (p.o.); and group IV received TD with lycopene with the same mentioned doses for 15 days. The results demonstrated that TD induced augmentation in tissue lipid peroxidation biomarker and disturbance in the antioxidant homeostasis and elevated the activity of serum liver injury biomarkers and decreased serum protein, globulin, and albumin. Hepatic glutathione S-transferase (GST), superoxide dismutase (SOD), thioredoxin-1 (Txn-1), and catalase (CAT) activities and gene expression were decreased and glutathione content was reduced in the TD-challenged rats, and these effects were alleviated by lycopene. Furthermore, TD induced apoptosis in liver tissues as shown by DNA fragmentation and upregulation of proapoptotic Bax and Casp-3 while lycopene upregulated the antiapoptotic Bcl-2. The results of Western blot showed that lycopene initiated low expression of mitogen activated protein kinase pathway (MAPK) protein expression in liver tissues of TD-challenged rats. In addition, lycopene reduced fatty degeneration and necrosis of the liver in TD-challenged group. Our data demonstrate that lycopene appears to be highly efficient in mitigating the hepatotoxic impacts of TD by preventing lipid peroxidation and initiating modifications in the expression and activity of antioxidant pathways. Surprisingly, lycopene fortified liver tissue by inhibiting DNA fragmentation and apoptosis signaling induced by TD. MAPK activation may be dependent from ROS generation; due to lycopene which possessed antioxidant potential did have a substantial effect on MAPK activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kadry M Sadek
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt.
| | - Mohamed A Lebda
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Tarek K Abouzed
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafr El-Sheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt
| | - Sherif M Nasr
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt
| | - Yasser El-Sayed
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt
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23
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Wu L, Chen Y, Liu H, Zhan Z, Liang Z, Zhang T, Cai Z, Ye L, Liu M, Zhao J, Liu S, Tang L. Emodin-induced hepatotoxicity was exacerbated by probenecid through inhibiting UGTs and MRP2. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2018; 359:91-101. [PMID: 30248416 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2018.09.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Revised: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Aggravating effect of probenecid (a traditional anti-gout agent) on emodin-induced hepatotoxicity was evaluated in this study. 33.3% rats died in combination group, while no death was observed in rats treated with emodin alone or probenecid alone, indicating that emodin-induced (150 mg/kg) hepatotoxicity was exacerbated by probenecid (100 mg/kg). In toxicokinetics-toxicodynamics (TK-TD) study, aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and systemic exposure (area under the serum concentration-time curve, AUC) of emodin and its glucuronide were significantly increased in rats after co-administrated with emodin and probenecid for 28 consecutive days. Results showed that the increased AUC (increased by 85.9%) of emodin was mainly caused by the decreased enzyme activity of UDP-glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs, decreased by 11.8%-58.1%). In addition, AUC of emodin glucuronide was increased 5-fold, which was attributed to the decrease of multidrug-resistant-protein 2 (MRP2) protein levels (decreased by 54.4%). Similarly, in vitro experiments proved that probenecid reduced the cell viability of emodin-treated HepG2 cells through inhibiting UGT1A9, UGT2B7 and MRP2. Our findings demonstrated that emodin-induced hepatoxicity was exacerbated by probenecid through inhibition of UGTs and MRP2 in vivo and in vitro, indicating that gout patients should avoid taking emodin-containing preparations in combination with probenecid for a long time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Wu
- Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Yulian Chen
- Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Han Liu
- Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Zhikun Zhan
- Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Zhi Liang
- Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Zheng Cai
- Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Ling Ye
- Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Menghua Liu
- Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Jie Zhao
- Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Shuwen Liu
- Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Lan Tang
- Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China..
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24
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Essawy AE, Abdel-Wahab WM, Sadek IA, Khamis OM. Dual protective effect of ginger and rosemary extracts against CCl 4-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2018; 25:19510-19517. [PMID: 29730760 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-2129-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the protective effect of aqueous extracts of ginger (GE) and rosemary (RE), both individually and in combination, on carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced liver injury in adult male rats. CCl4 induced significant increase in liver enzymes, bilirubin, triglycerides, and total cholesterol while total protein, albumin, and globulin were significantly decreased. Also, the activity of cytochrome P450 (CYP) and oxidative stress markers were found to be elevated with a concomitant decrease in the activity of antioxidant enzymes in hepatic tissue. Supplementation with extracts of ginger or rosemary effectively relieved most of the CCl4-induced alterations when administered singly. The joint therapy of the two extracts was more effective. The histological investigation strongly confirmed the highly protective effect of the two plant extracts in the hepatocytes. These findings suggest that rosemary and ginger extracts are effective in improving both the function and structure of the hepatocytes through their potent antioxidant effect and point out to the possibility of using a combination of both as an adjunct therapy in liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amina E Essawy
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, University of Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Wessam M Abdel-Wahab
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, University of Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt.
- Department of Basic Sciences/Biology Unit, Deanship of Preparatory Year and Supporting Studies, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 2114, Dammam, 31451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Ismail A Sadek
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, University of Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Omnia M Khamis
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, University of Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt
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Zeinvand-Lorestani H, Nili-Ahmadabadi A, Balak F, Hasanzadeh G, Sabzevari O. Protective role of thymoquinone against paraquat-induced hepatotoxicity in mice. Pestic Biochem Physiol 2018; 148:16-21. [PMID: 29891368 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2018.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Revised: 02/24/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Paraquat is a common and effective herbicide; although its poisoning could lead to severe oxidative organ damages and its main target organs are the lungs, kidneys, heart, and liver. Thymoquinone is the active ingredient of Nigella sativa which is traditionally used in herbal medicine; recent studies have shown that thymoquinone could inhibit oxidative stress. This study explores protective effects of thymoquinone on paraquat-induced hepatotoxicity in mice. Accordingly, adult male mice were randomly divided into nine groups for three continuous days intraperitoneal injection treatment: (1) control; (2) solvent; (3) 20 mg/kg vitamin E; (4) 20 mg/kg thymoquinone; (5) 20 mg/kg paraquat and Groups 6, 7, 8, and 9 received 20 mg/kg of vitamin E and 5, 10, and 20 mg/kg of thymoquinone, respectively. The last four groups, received 20 mg/kg paraquat just 24 h after pretreatments. We assessed serum liver enzymes activities, liver histopathology changes, oxidative (lipid peroxidation) and antioxidative (ferric reducing antioxidant power) potential, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase activity, and total thiol groups content after administration of the poison and treatments. Pretreatment with 10 mg/kg thymoquinone inhibited, safely, the elevations in levels of liver function tests (LFTs) and lipid peroxidation, restored the activity of SOD, and ameliorated the histopathological alterations induced by paraquat. Eventually, our results indicate that thymoquinone performs its hepatoprotective role in mice by prevention of SOD suppression mediated by paraquat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamed Zeinvand-Lorestani
- Toxicology and Poisoning Research Centre, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Drug Design and Development Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Nili-Ahmadabadi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Balak
- School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Hasanzadeh
- Department of Histopathology, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Omid Sabzevari
- Toxicology and Poisoning Research Centre, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1417614411, Iran.
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Lutkewitte AJ, Schweitzer GG, Kennon-McGill S, Clemens MM, James LP, Jaeschke H, Finck BN, McGill MR. Lipin deactivation after acetaminophen overdose causes phosphatidic acid accumulation in liver and plasma in mice and humans and enhances liver regeneration. Food Chem Toxicol 2018. [PMID: 29534981 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2018.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Lutkewitte
- Div. of Geriatrics and Nutritional Sciences, Dept. of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
| | - George G Schweitzer
- Div. of Geriatrics and Nutritional Sciences, Dept. of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
| | - Stefanie Kennon-McGill
- Dept. of Environmental and Occupational Health, Fay W. Boozman College of Public Health, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA.
| | - Melissa M Clemens
- Interdisciplinary Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Laura P James
- Dept. of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA.
| | - Hartmut Jaeschke
- Dept. of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA.
| | - Brian N Finck
- Div. of Geriatrics and Nutritional Sciences, Dept. of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
| | - Mitchell R McGill
- Dept. of Environmental and Occupational Health, Fay W. Boozman College of Public Health, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA.
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Lee BW, Jeon BS, Yoon BI. Exogenous recombinant human thioredoxin-1 prevents acetaminophen-induced liver injury by scavenging oxidative stressors, restoring the thioredoxin-1 system and inhibiting receptor interacting protein-3 overexpression. J Appl Toxicol 2018; 38:1008-1017. [PMID: 29512171 DOI: 10.1002/jat.3609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Revised: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Thioredoxin-1 (Trx-1) is a potent therapeutic agent against a variety of diseases because of its actions as an antioxidant and regulator of apoptosis. N-acetyl-p-aminophenol (APAP), commonly known as acetaminophen, generates excessive oxidative stress and triggers hepatocyte cell death, exemplified by regulated necrosis. In the present study, we investigated whether APAP-induced liver injury in a mouse model is associated with "necroptosis," and if pretreatment with recombinant Trx-1 prevents the hepatic injury caused by APAP overdose. We also explored the mechanism underlying the preventive action of Trx-1 against APAP-induced hepatic injury. In a prevention study, C3H/he mice received different doses (0, 10, 50 or 100 mg kg-1 body weight) of recombinant human Trx-1 intraperitoneally, followed by a single oral dose of 300 mg kg-1 of APAP. In this experimental paradigm, liver injury and lethality were markedly decreased in rhTrx-1-pretreated mice. In survival experiments, mice received rhTrx-1 followed by oral administration of a lethal dose of APAP. APAP overdose caused a series of liver toxicity-associated events, beginning with overexpression of c-fos, excessive production of reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) and leading to decreased endogenous Trx-1 expression and activation of JNK signaling pathways. Pretreatment with rhTrx-1 inhibited all of these toxicological manifestations of APAP. In addition, rhTrx-1 significantly reduced the expression of RIP-3, a critical necrosome component. Taken together, our findings indicate that rhTrx-1 prevents APAP-induced liver injury through multiple action mechanisms, including scavenging reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species, restoring endogenous Trx-1 levels and inhibiting RIP-3 overexpression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byung-Woo Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Institute of Veterinary Science, Kangwon National University, 1 Kangwondaehak-gil, Chuncheon, Gangwon, 24341, Republic of Korea
- Biotoxtech Co., 53 Yeongudanji-ro, Ochang-eup, Cheongwon-gu, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do, 28115, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Suk Jeon
- Biotoxtech Co., 53 Yeongudanji-ro, Ochang-eup, Cheongwon-gu, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do, 28115, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Il Yoon
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Institute of Veterinary Science, Kangwon National University, 1 Kangwondaehak-gil, Chuncheon, Gangwon, 24341, Republic of Korea
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Li W, Chen C. Response to the Comments on Caspase-Mediated Anti-Apoptotic Effect of Ginsenoside Rg5, a Main Rare Ginsenoside, on Acetaminophen-Induced Hepatotoxicity in Mice. J Agric Food Chem 2018; 66:1734-1735. [PMID: 29405704 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b05975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University , Changchun, Jilin 130118 People's Republic of China
| | - Chen Chen
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland , Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
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Jaeschke H. Comments on Caspase-Mediated Anti-Apoptotic Effect of Ginsenoside Rg5, a Main Rare Ginsenoside, on Acetaminophen-Induced Hepatotoxicity in Mice. J Agric Food Chem 2018; 66:1732-1733. [PMID: 29405710 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b04765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hartmut Jaeschke
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology & Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center , 3901 Rainbow Boulevard, Kansas City, Kansas 66160, United States
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Ozkaya A, Sahin Z, Kuzu M, Saglam YS, Ozkaraca M, Uckun M, Yologlu E, Comakli V, Demirdag R, Yologlu S. Role of geraniol against lead acetate-mediated hepatic damage and their interaction with liver carboxylesterase activity in rats. Arch Physiol Biochem 2018; 124:80-87. [PMID: 28817314 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2017.1364772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the effect of geraniol (50 mg/kg for 30 d), a natural antioxidant and repellent/antifeedant monoterpene, in a rat model of lead acetate-induced (500 ppm for 30 d) liver damage was evaluated. Hepatic malondialdehyde increased in the lead acetate group. Reduced glutathione unchanged, but glutathione S-transferase, glutathione reductase, as well as carboxylesterase activities decreased in geraniol, lead acetate and geraniol + lead acetate groups. 8-OhDG immunoreactivity, mononuclear cell infiltrations and hepatic lead concentration were lower in the geraniol + lead acetate group than the lead acetate group. Serum aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase activities increased in the Pb acetate group. In conclusion, lead acetate causes oxidative and toxic damage in the liver and this effect can reduce with geraniol treatment. However, we first observed that lead acetate, as well as geraniol, can affect liver carboxylesterase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmet Ozkaya
- a Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Art , Adiyaman University , Adiyaman , Turkey
| | - Zafer Sahin
- b Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Sciences , Necmettin Erbakan University , Konya , Turkey
| | - Muslum Kuzu
- c Faculty of Pharmacy , Agri Ibrahim Cecen University , Agri , Turkey
| | - Yavuz Selim Saglam
- d Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine , Ataturk University , Erzurum , Turkey
| | - Mustafa Ozkaraca
- d Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine , Ataturk University , Erzurum , Turkey
| | - Mirac Uckun
- e Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering , Adiyaman University , Adiyaman , Turkey
| | - Ertan Yologlu
- f Department of Science Education, Faculty of Education , Adiyaman University , Adiyaman , Turkey
| | - Veysel Comakli
- g School of Health , Agri Ibrahim Cecen University , Agri , Turkey
| | - Ramazan Demirdag
- g School of Health , Agri Ibrahim Cecen University , Agri , Turkey
| | - Semra Yologlu
- a Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Art , Adiyaman University , Adiyaman , Turkey
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Saheed S, Taofik SO, Oladipo AE, Tom AAO. Spondias mombin L. (Anacardiaceae) enhances detoxification of hepatic and macromolecular oxidants in acetaminophen-intoxicated rats. Pak J Pharm Sci 2017; 30:2109-2117. [PMID: 29175780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is a common pathological condition associated with drug-induced hepatotoxicity. This study investigated Spondias mombin L. aqueous leaf extract on reactive oxygen species and acetaminophen-mediated oxidative onslaught in rats' hepatocytes. Hepatotoxic rats were orally administered with the extract and vitamin C for 4 weeks. The extract dose-dependently scavenged DPPH, hydrogen peroxide and hydroxyl radicals, with IC50 values of 0.13, 0.66, and 0.64 mg/mL, and corresponding % inhibitions of 89, 80, and 90%, respectively at 1.0 mg/mL. Ferric ion was also significantly reduced. The marked (p<0.05) increases in the activities of alkaline phosphatase, alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase were reduced following treatment with the extract. The extract also significantly (p<0.05) induced the activities of antioxidant enzymes. These inductions reversed the acetaminophen-enhanced reduction in the specific activities of these enzymes as well as attenuated the observed elevated concentrations of autooxidized products and rived DNA in the acetaminophen-intoxicated animals. The observed effects competed with those of vitamin C and are suggestive of hepatoprotective and antioxidative attributes of the extract. Overall, the data from the present findings suggest that S. Mombin aqueous leaf extract is capable of ameliorating acetaminophen-mediated oxidative hepatic damage via enhancement of antioxidant defense systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabiu Saheed
- Phytomedicine, Food Factors and Toxicology Research Laboratory, Biochemistry Department, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Kwara State University, Malete, Nigeria / Phytomedicine and Phytopharmacology Research Group, Plant Sciences Department, University of the Free State, Qwaqwa campus, South Africa
| | - Sunmonu Olatunde Taofik
- Plant and Environmental Biochemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, Al-Hikmah University, Ilorin, Nigeria
| | - Ajani Emmanuel Oladipo
- Phytomedicine, Food Factors and Toxicology Research Laboratory, Biochemistry Department, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Kwara State University, Malete, Nigeria
| | - Ashafa Anofi Omotayo Tom
- Phytomedicine and Phytopharmacology Research Group, Plant Sciences Department, University of the Free State, Qwaqwa campus, South Africa
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Wang Z, Hu JN, Yan MH, Xing JJ, Liu WC, Li W. Caspase-Mediated Anti-Apoptotic Effect of Ginsenoside Rg5, a Main Rare Ginsenoside, on Acetaminophen-Induced Hepatotoxicity in Mice. J Agric Food Chem 2017; 65:9226-9236. [PMID: 28965396 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b03361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Frequent overdose of acetaminophen (APAP) is one of the most common and important incentives of acute hepatotoxicity. Prior to this work, our research group confirmed that black ginseng (Panax ginseng, BG) showed powerful protective effects on APAP-induced ALI. However, it is not clear which kind of individual ginsenoside from BG plays such a liver protection effect. The objective of the current investigation was to evaluate whether ginsenoside Rg5 (G-Rg5) protected against APAP-induced hepatotoxicity and the involved action mechanisms. Mice were administrated with G-Rg5 at two dosages of 10 or 20 mg/kg for 7 consecutive days. After the last treatment, all of the animals that received a single intraperitoneal injection of APAP (250 mg/kg) showed severe liver toxicity after 24 h, and the liver protection effects of G-Rg5 were examined. The results clearly indicated that pretreatment with G-Rg5 remarkably inhibited the production of serum tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) compared with the APAP group. Meanwhile, G-Rg5 decreased the hepatic malondialdehyde (MDA) content, the protein expression levels of 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE) and cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1) in the liver tissues. G-Rg5 decreased APAP caused the hepatic overexpression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). Furthermore, analysis of immunohistochemistry and Western blotting also indicated that G-Rg5 pretreatment inhibited activation of apoptotic pathways mainly via increasing the expression of Bcl-2 protein, decreasing the expression of Bax protein, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), cytochrome c, caspase-3, caspase-8, and caspase-9. Liver histopathological observation provided further evidence that pretreatment with G-Rg5 could significantly inhibit hepatocyte necrosis, inflammatory cell infiltration, and apoptosis caused by APAP. In conclusion, the present study clearly demonstrates that G-Rg5 exerts a liver protection effect against APAP-induced acute hepatotoxicity mainly via a caspase-mediated anti-apoptotic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi Wang
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University , Changchun 130118, China
| | - Jun-Nan Hu
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University , Changchun 130118, China
| | - Meng-Han Yan
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University , Changchun 130118, China
| | - Jing-Jing Xing
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University , Changchun 130118, China
| | - Wen-Cong Liu
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University , Changchun 130118, China
| | - Wei Li
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University , Changchun 130118, China
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Aflatoxins are toxic metabolites produced by Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus and are classified as group I carcinogens by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC). OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to investigate the possible preventive role of vitamin E (Vit E) on aflatoxin (AF) induced toxicity by using biochemical and histopathological approaches. MATERIAL AND METHODS Wistar-Albino rats were divided into 4 groups as follows: control group, Vit E group (Vit E was administered), AFB1 group (a single dose of AFB1 was administered), AF + Vit E group (AF and Vit E were administered). The effects of Vit E on AFB1 induced tissue toxicity were evaluated by using malondialdehyde (MDA), reduced glutathione (GSH) levels, antioxidant enzyme activities, and histopathological examination in tissues. RESULTS AF caused the oxidative stress by the increased MDA level and the reduced GSH level, glutathioneS-transferase (GST), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) activities in tissues. Plasma aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activities, creatinine, and urea concentrations significantly increased; whereas, chloride, phosphorus, and magnesium concentrations were insignificantly affected. Plasma glucose, protein and sodium concentrations significantly decreased. Administration of AF caused hepatotoxicity, cardiotoxicity, and nephrotoxicity. As far as histopathological changes are concerned, a statistically significant difference was found in AFB1 group compared to the control group. Vit E considerably reduced plasma AST, ALT, ALP, LDH activities, and urea concentration and ameliorated the deleterious effects of AF on oxidative stress markers and pathological changes. CONCLUSIONS This data indicated that the natural antioxidant Vit E might have a protective effect against AF-induced toxicity and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seval Yılmaz
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Emre Kaya
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Selim Comakli
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
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Tian M, Liu W, You H, Zhao Q, Ouyang L, Gao B, Zhang X, Che N. Protective effect of Yiguanjian decoction against DNA damage on
concanavalin A-induced liver injury mice model. J TRADIT CHIN MED 2017; 36:471-8. [PMID: 28459511 DOI: 10.1016/s0254-6272(16)30064-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the inhibitory effect of
Yiguanjian decoction (YD) on DNA damage in Concanavalin
A (Con A)-induced liver injury mice model
and to explain the possible mechanism. METHODS METHODS: Totally 120 male BALB/c mice were randomly
divided into 6 groups, 20 mice each: normal
group, model group, Bifendate group, YD low dose
group, YD middle dose group and YD high dose
group. Except normal group, liver injury model induced
by Con A was established. While modeling,
each mouse in YD group was given YD (0.4 mL/20 g
per day) by intragastric administration (0.13 g YD
for YD low dose group; 0.26 g for YD middle dose
group; 0.52 g for YD high dose group). Bifendate
group was given Bifendate (0.2 g·kg-1·d-1) by gavage.
Normal group and model group were fed
with same volume of physiological saline daily. After
8 weeks, the serum alanine transaminase (ALT)
and aspartate transaminase (AST) were tested. The
hematoxylin-eosin staining was used to evaluate
the grade of liver inflammation and liver fibrosis
stage. Hepatocellular DNA damage was detected
by single cell gel electrophoresis technology. The
protein expression of tumor necrosis factor-α
(TNF-α), Bax and MutT Homolog 1 (MTH1) was detected
by western blotting and enzyme linked immunosorbent
assay. Bax mRNA and MTH1 mRNA
were detected by Real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction
(PCR). RESULTS YD can improve the degree of liver inflammation
and fibrosis in the liver of chronic hepatitis
mice, the dose effect relationship is remarkable
(P < 0.05). YD can reduce liver cell DNA damage.
The difference between YD middle dose group and
model group was statistically significant (P < 0.05).
YD middle dose group had decreased the protein
expression of TNF-α in the mice liver of immunological
liver injury (P < 0.05). YD can increase the protein
expression of Bax (P < 0.05). Compared with
normal group, the protein expression of MTH1 was
decreased (P < 0.05), but there was no statistical significance
between YD group and model group (P >
0.05). YD can increase the mRNA expression of Bax
and MTH1 (both P < 0.05). CONCLUSION YD can effectively inhibit the DNA
damage in immunological liver injury mice, the
mechanism may be that it can decrease the TNF-α
and increase the Bax and MTH1 expression.
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Quintanilha JCF, de Sousa VM, Visacri MB, Amaral LS, Santos RMM, Zambrano T, Salazar LA, Moriel P. Involvement of cytochrome P450 in cisplatin treatment: implications for toxicity. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2017; 80:223-233. [PMID: 28612092 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-017-3358-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2017] [Accepted: 06/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study is to evaluate the relationship between the CYP450 enzyme family and cisplatin toxicity. METHODS This article examined a collection of studies suggesting that CYP450 enzymes may influence cisplatin toxicity. We performed a narrative mini-review. RESULTS The studies review showed that CYP450 enzymes have an important role in drug-induced hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity, mainly CYP2E1 and CYP4A11. The studies also suggested that the cisplatin and CYP2E1 interaction leads to the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and other oxidants resulting in renal injury; and that ROS generated by both the use of cisplatin and by the CYP2E1 increases tissue damage, induces apoptosis, and causes liver failure. CONCLUSIONS We observed that there is an important relationship between CYP450 and cisplatin, involving increased toxicity. However, the possible mechanisms described for the involvement of CYP450 enzymes in nephrotoxicity and hepatotoxicity induced by cisplatin need to be confirmed by further studies. Therefore, there is a need for a deeper investigation focusing on cisplatin toxicity mediated by CYP450 enzymes, which would undoubtedly contribute to a better understanding of the mechanisms that have been implicated so far.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vanessa Marcilio de Sousa
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), 200 Cândido Portinari, Campinas, 13083-871, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Laís Sampaio Amaral
- School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Tomás Zambrano
- Center of Molecular Biology and Pharmacogenetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Luis Antonio Salazar
- Center of Molecular Biology and Pharmacogenetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Patricia Moriel
- School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil.
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), 200 Cândido Portinari, Campinas, 13083-871, SP, Brazil.
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Calil Brondani J, Reginato FZ, da Silva Brum E, de Souza Vencato M, Lima Lhamas C, Viana C, da Rocha MIUM, de Freitas Bauermann L, Manfron MP. Evaluation of acute and subacute toxicity of hydroethanolic extract of Dolichandra unguis-cati L. leaves in rats. J Ethnopharmacol 2017; 202:147-153. [PMID: 28288826 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2017.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Revised: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Dolichandra unguis-cati L. is a native climbing plant of Brazil, popularly known as "unha de gato". It has been traditionally used mainly as an antipyretic, anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor agent, yet little toxicological information is found in the literature. AIM OF THE STUDY To identify the chemical composition of the hydroethanolic extract obtained from the leaves of Dolichandra uniguis-cati and to evaluate the acute and subacute toxicity in male and female rats, in order to assess the safety profile of this plant. MATERIALS AND METHODS In the acute study, a single dose (2000mg/kg) of the extract was orally administered to male and female rats. In the subacute study, the extract was orally administered to male and female rats at doses 100, 200 and 400mg/kg for 28 days. Behavioral changes, catalase and tbars evaluations, biochemical, hematological and histopathological analysis were determined. The extract' chemical composition was accessed through UHPLC/MS. RESULTS Chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, ferulic acid, vanillinic acid, p-coumaric acid, rosmarinic acid, trans-cinnamic acid, luteolin, apigenin, quercitrin and quercetin were identified in the extract. In the acute treatment, the extract was classified as safe (category 5), according to the OECD guide. In relation to the subacute study, females showed a reduction in AST (100, 200 and 400mg/kg), ALT (200mg/kg) and BUN (100 and 200mg/kg) levels, while male rats 400mg/kg presented an increase in AST levels. The Chol dosage significantly decreased in female rats in a dose-dependent manner, whereas for male rats this parameter showed no statistically significant reductions. No behavioral and histopathological changes were recorded. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that the hydroethanolic extract of Dolichandra unguis-cati leaves did not present relevant toxic effects when administered orally to male and female rats. The extract also showed a potential hypocholesterolemic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Calil Brondani
- Department of Industrial Pharmacy, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
| | - Fernanda Ziegler Reginato
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Evelyne da Silva Brum
- Department of Histology and Pharmacology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Marina de Souza Vencato
- Department of Histology and Pharmacology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Cibele Lima Lhamas
- Veterinary Hospital, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Carine Viana
- Department of Industrial Pharmacy, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | | | | | - Melânia Palermo Manfron
- Department of Industrial Pharmacy, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
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Qiu P, Sun J, Man S, Yang H, Ma L, Yu P, Gao W. Curcumin Attenuates N-Nitrosodiethylamine-Induced Liver Injury in Mice by Utilizing the Method of Metabonomics. J Agric Food Chem 2017; 65:2000-2007. [PMID: 28198625 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b04797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
N-Nitrosodiethylamine (DEN) exists as a food additive in cheddar cheese, processed meats, beer, water, and so forth. It is a potent hepatocarcinogen in animals and humans. Curcumin as a natural dietary compound decreased DEN-induced hepatocarcinogenesis in this research. According to the histopathological examination of liver tissues and biomarker detection in serum and livers, it was demonstrated that curcumin attenuated DEN-induced hepatocarcinogenesis through parts of regulating the oxidant stress enzymes (T-SOD and CAT), liver function (ALT and AST) and LDHA, AFP level, and COX-2/PGE2 pathway. Furthermore, curcumin attenuated metabolic disorders via increasing concentration of glucose and fructose, and decreasing levels of glycine and proline, and mRNA expression of GLUT1, PKM and FASN. Docking study indicated that curcumin presented strong affinity with key metabolism enzymes such as GLUT1, PKM, FASN and LDHA. There were a number of amino acid residues involved in curcumin-targeting enzymes of hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic interactions. All in all, curcumin exhibited a potent liver protective agent inhibiting chemically induced liver injury through suppressing liver cellular metabolism in the prospective application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiyu Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industry Microbiology, National and Local United Engineering Lab of Metabolic Control Fermentation Technology, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology , Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Jiachen Sun
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Tianjin 300193, China
| | - Shuli Man
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industry Microbiology, National and Local United Engineering Lab of Metabolic Control Fermentation Technology, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology , Tianjin 300457, China
| | - He Yang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industry Microbiology, National and Local United Engineering Lab of Metabolic Control Fermentation Technology, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology , Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Long Ma
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industry Microbiology, National and Local United Engineering Lab of Metabolic Control Fermentation Technology, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology , Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Peng Yu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industry Microbiology, National and Local United Engineering Lab of Metabolic Control Fermentation Technology, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology , Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Wenyuan Gao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery and High Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University , Tianjin 300072, China
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Wu PY, Cheng CY, Liu CE, Lee YC, Yang CJ, Tsai MS, Cheng SH, Lin SP, Lin DY, Wang NC, Lee YC, Sun HY, Tang HJ, Hung CC. Multicenter study of skin rashes and hepatotoxicity in antiretroviral-naïve HIV-positive patients receiving non-nucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitor plus nucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitors in Taiwan. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0171596. [PMID: 28222098 PMCID: PMC5319792 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0171596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Two nucleos(t)ide reverse-transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) plus 1 non-NRTI (nNRTI) remain the preferred or alternative combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) for antiretroviral-naive HIV-positive patients in Taiwan. The three most commonly used nNRTIs are nevirapine (NVP), efavirenz (EFV) and rilpivirine (RPV). This study aimed to determine the incidences of hepatotoxicity and skin rashes within 4 weeks of initiation of cART containing 1 nNRTI plus 2 NRTIs. METHODS Between June, 2012 and November, 2015, all antiretroviral-naive HIV-positive adult patients initiating nNRTI-containing cART at 8 designated hospitals for HIV care were included in this retrospective observational study. According to the national HIV treatment guidelines, patients were assessed at baseline, 2 and 4 weeks of cART initiation, and subsequently every 8 to 12 weeks. Plasma HIV RNA load, CD4 cell count and aminotransferases were determined. The toxicity grading scale of the Division of AIDS (DAIDS) 2014 was used for reporting clinical and laboratory adverse events. RESULTS During the 3.5-year study period, 2,341 patients initiated nNRTI-containing cART: NVP in 629 patients, EFV 1,363 patients, and RPV 349 patients. Rash of any grade occurred in 14.1% (n = 331) of the patients. In multiple logistic regression analysis, baseline CD4 cell counts (per 100-cell/μl increase, adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 1.125; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 1.031-1.228) and use of NVP (AOR, 2.443; 95% CI, 1.816-3.286) (compared with efavirenz) were independently associated with the development of skin rashes. Among the 1,455 patients (62.2%) with aminotransferase data both at baseline and week 4, 72 (4.9%) developed grade 2 or greater hepatotoxicity. In multiple logistic regression analysis, presence of antibody for hepatitis C virus (HCV) (AOR, 2.865; 95% CI, 1.439-5.704) or hepatitis B surface antigen (AOR, 2.397; 95% CI, 1.150-4.997), and development of skin rashes (AOR, 2.811; 95% CI, 1.051-7.521) were independently associated with the development of hepatotoxicity. CONCLUSIONS The baseline CD4 cell counts and use of NVP were associated with increased risk of skin rashes, while hepatotoxicity was independently associated with HCV or hepatitis B virus coinfection, and development of skin rashes in antiretroviral-naïve HIV-positive Taiwanese patients within 4 weeks of initiation of nNRTI-containing regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Ying Wu
- Center of Infection Control, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Yu Cheng
- Department of Internal Medicine, Taoyuan General Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
- School of Public Health, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Eng Liu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chien Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Chia-Yi, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Jui Yang
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Mao-Song Tsai
- Department of Internal Medicine, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Hsing Cheng
- Department of Internal Medicine, Taoyuan General Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
- School of Public Health, College of Public Health and Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Ping Lin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - De-Yu Lin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital and National Defense Medical College, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ning-Chi Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital and National Defense Medical College, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chieh Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Lotung Poh-Ai Hospital, Medical Lo-Hsu Foundation, I-Lan, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Yun Sun
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Jen Tang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
- Department of Health and Nutrition, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Sciences, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Ching Hung
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Parasitology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
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Bhushan B, Poudel S, Manley MW, Roy N, Apte U. Inhibition of Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 Accelerated Liver Regeneration after Acetaminophen-Induced Hepatotoxicity in Mice. Am J Pathol 2017; 187:543-552. [PMID: 28068511 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2016.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Revised: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Overdose of acetaminophen (APAP) is the leading cause of acute liver failure (ALF) in the United States. Timely initiation of compensatory liver regeneration after APAP hepatotoxicity is critical for final recovery, but the mechanisms of liver regeneration after APAP-induced ALF have not been extensively explored yet. Previous studies from our laboratory have demonstrated that activation of β-catenin signaling after APAP overdose is associated with timely liver regeneration. Herein, we investigated the role of glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3) in liver regeneration after APAP hepatotoxicity using a pharmacological inhibition strategy in mice. Treatment with specific GSK3 inhibitor (L803-mts), starting from 4 hours after 600 mg/kg dose of APAP, resulted in early initiation of liver regeneration in a dose-dependent manner, without modifying the peak regenerative response. Acceleration of liver regeneration was not secondary to alteration of APAP-induced hepatotoxicity, which remained unchanged after GSK3 inhibition. Early cell cycle initiation in hepatocytes after GSK3 inhibition was because of rapid induction of cyclin D1 and phosphorylation of retinoblastoma protein. This was associated with increased activation of β-catenin signaling after GSK3 inhibition. Taken together, our study has revealed a novel role of GSK3 in liver regeneration after APAP overdose and identified GSK3 as a potential therapeutic target to improve liver regeneration after APAP-induced ALF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bharat Bhushan
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Samikshya Poudel
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Michael W Manley
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Nairita Roy
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Udayan Apte
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas.
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Man S, Qiu P, Li J, Zhang L, Gao W. Global metabolic profiling for the study of Rhizoma Paridis saponins-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Environ Toxicol 2017; 32:99-108. [PMID: 26590097 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Revised: 10/26/2015] [Accepted: 11/01/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Rhizoma Paridis saponins (RPS) is a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) from the plant Paris polyphylla var. yunnanensis (Fr.) Hand.-Mazz. Despite its potentially clinical utility such as anticancer and anti-inflammation, it has slight side effects and toxicity as previous report. In this work, 90-day administration of RPS induced liver injury. 1 H-NMR- and GC/MS-based metabonomic analyses in conjunction with histopathological examinations, blood biochemistry and hepatic phase I and II enzymes assays were performed to evaluate the toxic mechanisms of RPS induced in rats. As a result, oral administration of RPS possessed certain liver toxicity in SD rats. 1 H-NMR and GC/MS data indicated that RPS inhibited the oxidation of fatty acids, glycolysis, and TCA cycle pathway, and disturbed glycine, serine, and threonine metabolism. Low expression of TG, T-CHO, and LDL-C and high levels of ALT and AST indicated that chronic exposure to RPS caused hepatocyte damage, synthesis dysfunction, and transportation failure of lipoproteins. In addition, RPS downregulated the mRNA levels of CYP1A2, CYP2E1, and UGTs. In conclusion, we used metabonomics approach to study the toxicity of RPS for the first time. This research demonstrated that metabonomics method was a promising tool to study and diagnose TCM-induced toxicity. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 32: 99-108, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuli Man
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Ministry of Education, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industry Microbiology, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China
| | - Peiyu Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Ministry of Education, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China
| | - Jing Li
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Ministry of Education, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China
| | - Liming Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Ministry of Education, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China
| | - Wenyuan Gao
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Ministry of Education, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industry Microbiology, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery and High Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
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Abstract
This article reviews recent studies on CYP2E1-mediated alcoholic liver injury, the induction of CYP2A5 by alcohol and the mechanism for this upregulation, especially the permissive role of CYP2E1 in the induction of CYP2A5 by alcohol and the CYP2E1-ROS-Nrf2 pathway, and protective effects of CYP2A5 against ethanol-induced oxidative liver injury. Ethanol can induce CYP2E1, an active generator of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and CYP2E1 is a contributing factor for alcoholinduced oxidative liver injury. CYP2A5, another isoform of cytochrome P450, can also be induced by ethanol. Chronic feeding of ethanol to wild type mice increased CYP2A5 catalytic activity, protein and mRNA levels as compared to pair-fed controls. This induction was blunted in CYP2E1 knockout (cyp2e1-/-) mice but was restored when human CYP2E1 was reintroduced and expressed in cyp2e1-/- mice. Ethanol-induced CYP2E1 co-localized with CYP2A5 and preceded the elevation of CYP2A5. The antioxidants N-acetyl cysteine and vitamin C lowered the alcohol elevation of ROS and blunted the alcohol induction of CYP2A5, but not CYP2E1, suggesting ROS play a novel role in the crosstalk between CYP2E1 and CYP2A5. The antioxidants blocked the activation of Nrf2, a transcription factor known to upregulate expression of CYP2A5. When alcohol-induced liver injury was enhanced in Nrf2 knockout (Nrf2-/-) mice, alcohol elevation of CYP2A5 but not CYP2E1 was also lower in Nrf2-/- mice. CYP2A5 knockout (cyp2a5-/-) mice exhibited an enhanced alcoholic liver injury compared with WT mice as indicated by serum ALT, steatosis and necroinflammation. Alcohol-induced hyperglycemia were observed in cyp2a5-/- mice but not in WT mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tung Ming Leung
- Graduate Program in Public Health, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount. United States
| | - Yongke Lu
- Department of Structural and Chemical Biology, Box 1677, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY, 10029. United States
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Zhan YY, Wang JH, Tian X, Feng SX, Xue L, Tian LP. Protective effects of seed melon extract on CCl 4-induced hepatic fibrosis in mice. J Ethnopharmacol 2016; 193:531-537. [PMID: 27717904 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2016] [Revised: 09/04/2016] [Accepted: 10/03/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Citrullus lanatus ssp. vulgaris var. megalaspermus Lin et Chao, was also known as watermelon belongs to family Cucurbitaceae, variously used as healthy food and in the treatment of liver and lungs problems. Currently, Citrullus lanatus has become a major economic crop of medicinal and edible effects with regional characteristics. AIM This study was designed to evaluate the hepatoprotective and antioxidant activity of the seed melon (Citrullus lanatus ssp. vulgaris var. megalaspermus Lin et Chao) extract (SME) against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) induced hepatic fibrosis in mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this study, mice were randomly divided into 7 groups, including normal control, model, silymarin tablets as the positive control, SME 100, 200, 400, and 800mg/kg. After 8 weeks, activities of serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), triglycerides (TG), hyaluronic acid (HA) and laminin (LN) were checked. The levels of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutataion (GSH) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) were determined after SME administration. The hydroxyproline (HYP) levels, malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and histopathologic examinations of hepatocyte fibrosis were also determined. Additionally, effects of SME on alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and transforming growth factor beta-1(TGF-β1) protein expressions were determined. RESULTS We found that SME could significantly lower the serum levels of hepatic enzyme markers AST, ALT, HA and LN (P<0.01). Compared with the CCl4-only treatment group, levels of hepatic SOD and GSH-Px were significantly increased, and the MDA levels were remarkably decreased in mice treated by SME at medium dose (400mg/kg) and high dose (800mg/kg) (P<0.01). A histological examination of the liver showed that lesions, including necrosis, lymphocyte infiltration and fatty degeneration, were partially healed by treatment with SME. The results of protein expressions studies displayed that SME could inhibit α-SMA and TGF-β1 protein expression (P<0.01). CONCLUSION The present results suggested that protective effect of SME against CCl4-induced hepatic fibrosis may rely on its effect on reducing oxidative stress and improving drug metabolizing enzyme activity in liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Yuan Zhan
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resources of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, China
| | - Jin-Hui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resources of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, China; Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Xing Tian
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resources of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, China
| | - Shi-Xiu Feng
- Shenzhen Fairy Lake Botanical Garden of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518004, China
| | - Lin Xue
- Shihezi Vegetable Research Institute, Shihezi 832000, China
| | - Li-Ping Tian
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resources of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, China.
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Yi YS, Cho JY, Kim D. Cerbera manghas methanol extract exerts anti-inflammatory activity by targeting c-Jun N-terminal kinase in the AP-1 pathway. J Ethnopharmacol 2016; 193:387-396. [PMID: 27562319 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.08.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2016] [Revised: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 08/20/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Cerbera manghas L. (Apocynaceae) is a medicinal plant traditionally used to ameliorate the clinical signs of inflammatory diseases and hypertension. AIM OF STUDY Although C. manghas L. has long been used as a traditional remedy for various diseases, the underlying molecular and cellular mechanisms are poorly understood. A detailed investigation of these mechanisms is necessary to demonstrate the ethnopharmaceutical utility of this plant. MATERIALS AND METHODS The effects of C. manghas methanol extract (Cm-ME) on the production of inflammatory mediators and the expression of proinflammatory cytokines and identification of molecular targets were investigated using lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated macrophages in vitro. In addition, the inhibitory effects of Cm-ME orally administered were tested by LPS/D-galactosamine (D-GalN)-induced hepatitis and LPS-induced peritonitis mouse models in vivo. RESULTS Cm-ME downregulated the production of prostaglandin (PG)E2 and the mRNA expression of cyclooxygenase (COX)-2, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and interleukin (IL)-1β in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells under non-toxic concentration of Cm-ME. This extract inhibited the nuclear translocation of c-Jun and p-ATF2, the phosphorylation of JNK and p38, and AP-1 activity. Western blot analysis and in vitro kinase assay confirmed that JNK is a direct pharmacological target of Cm-ME action. In addition, Cm-ME significantly ameliorated the clinical signs of LPS/D-GalN-induced hepatitis and lowered the production of nitric oxide (NO) and the phosphorylation of JNK in LPS-induced peritonitis conditions. CONCLUSION Cm-ME exerts anti-inflammatory actions on LPS-stimulated macrophages and in mouse models of acute inflammatory disease. These actions are predominantly mediated by targeting JNK in the AP-1 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Su Yi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Cheongju University, Cheongju 28503, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Youl Cho
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Republic of Korea
| | - Daewon Kim
- Laboratory of Bio-informatics, Department of Multimedia Engineering, Dankook University, Republic of Korea.
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Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate the effect of a 7-day treatment as well as the influence of gender on cocaine hepatotoxicity (CH). Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) potentiation of CH was also investigated. Male and female CF-1 mice were orally administered 20 mg/kg body weight cocaine hydrochloride once daily for 7 days. Four hours after the last cocaine administration, the mice were administered 12 × 106 EU LPS (or equal volume of sterile saline) intraperitoneally. Plasma alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) were evaluated as indices of liver injury. Blood and liver glutathione (GSH), glutathione reductase (GRx), and catalase (CAT) activities were also determined to investigate the oxidation stress induced by the treatment. Plasma ALT and AST concentrations were elevated in all males receiving cocaine alone or cocaine + LPS. Furthermore, blood GSH and CAT were decreased and GRx activity was elevated in the same males. Histological analysis revealed a high degree of focal necrosis in the male cocaine group, and severe necrosis in the male cocaine + LPS group. Unlike males, females showed no effect of either cocaine alone or cocaine + LPS treatments. These results indicate that gender plays a significant role in CH and its potentiation by LPS and lengthening the administration by two treatments increased the severity of cocaine + LPS hepatotoxicity dramatically in male mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Visalli
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, New Jersey Medical School, University of Medicine, and Dentistry of New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey 07103-2714, USA
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Abstract
Gender is known to play a role in the bioavailability, metabolism, and lethality of many toxic substances. This study was conducted to investigate the influence of gender on cocaine hepatotoxicity (CH) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) potentiation of CH. Male and female CF-1 mice were orally administered 20 mg/kg body weight cocaine hydrochloride once daily for 7 days. Four hours after the last cocaine administration, the mice were administered 12 × 106 EU LPS (or equal volume of sterile saline) intraperitoneally. Plasma alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) were evaluated as indices of liver injury. Blood and liver glutathione (GSH), glutathione reductase (GRx), and catalase (CAT) activities were also determined to investigate the extent of oxidative stress induced by the treatments. Serum ALT and AST concentrations were elevated in all males receiving cocaine alone or cocaine + LPS. Furthermore, blood GSH and CAT were decreased and GRx activity was elevated in these same animals. Histological analysis revealed a high degree of hepatic focal necrosis in the male cocaine group, and severe hemorrhagic necrosis in the male cocaine + LPS group. Unlike males, females showed no damage resulting from cocaine or cocaine + LPS exposure, whereas testosterone-supplemented ovariectomized females displayed histological and biochemical profiles statistically similar to males. The results demonstrate that the extent of CH or LPS-potentiated CH is influenced by gender and sex hormones, particularly testosterone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Visalli
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, New Jersey Medical School, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey 07101-1709, USA
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Cui X, Dang S, Wang Y, Chen Y, Zhou J, Shen C, Kuang Y, Fei J, Lu L, Wang Z. Retinol dehydrogenase 13 deficiency diminishes carbon tetrachloride-induced liver fibrosis in mice. Toxicol Lett 2016; 265:17-22. [PMID: 27865848 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2016.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2015] [Revised: 11/11/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Retinol dehydrogenase 13 (RDH13) is a mitochondrion-localized member of the short-chain dehydrogenases/reductases (SDRs) superfamily that participates in metabolism of some compounds. Rdh13 mRNA is most highly expressed in mouse liver. Rdh13 deficiency reduces the extent of liver injury and fibrosis, reduces hepatic stellate cell (HSC) activation, attenuates collagen I (II), tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1 (TIMP-1) and transforming growth factor beta 1 (Tgf-β1) expression. The results indicate an important role of Rdh13 and suggest RDH13 as a possible new therapeutic target for CCl4-induced fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofang Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Research Center for Experimental Medicine, Shanghai Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTUSM), Shanghai, 200025, China; Model Organism Division, E-Institutes of Shanghai Jiao Tong Universities School of Medicine (SJTUSM), Shanghai, 200025, China; Shanghai Research Center for Model Organisms, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Suying Dang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Research Center for Experimental Medicine, Shanghai Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTUSM), Shanghai, 200025, China; Shanghai Research Center for Model Organisms, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai First People's Hospital Affiliated to SJTUSM, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Yan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Research Center for Experimental Medicine, Shanghai Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTUSM), Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Jia Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Research Center for Experimental Medicine, Shanghai Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTUSM), Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Chunling Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Research Center for Experimental Medicine, Shanghai Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTUSM), Shanghai, 200025, China; Shanghai Research Center for Model Organisms, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Ying Kuang
- Shanghai Research Center for Model Organisms, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Jian Fei
- Shanghai Research Center for Model Organisms, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Lungen Lu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai First People's Hospital Affiliated to SJTUSM, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Zhugang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Research Center for Experimental Medicine, Shanghai Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTUSM), Shanghai, 200025, China; Model Organism Division, E-Institutes of Shanghai Jiao Tong Universities School of Medicine (SJTUSM), Shanghai, 200025, China; Shanghai Research Center for Model Organisms, Shanghai, 201203, China.
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Hong Y, Han YQ, Wang YZ, Gao JR, Li YX, Liu Q, Xia LZ. Paridis Rhizoma Sapoinins attenuates liver fibrosis in rats by regulating the expression of RASAL1/ERK1/2 signal pathway. J Ethnopharmacol 2016; 192:114-122. [PMID: 27396351 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Revised: 05/10/2016] [Accepted: 07/06/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
ETHNO-PHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Paridis Rhizoma is a Chinese medicinal herb that has been used in liver disease treatment for thousands of years. Our previous studies found that Paridis Rhizoma saponins (PRS) are the critical components of Paridis Rhizoma which has good liver protection effect. However, the anti-hepatic fibrosis effect and the mechanism of PRS have seldom been reported. AIM OF THE STUDY To investigate the potential of PRS in the treatment of experimental liver fibrosis and the underlying mechanism. MATERIALS AND METHODS The chemical feature fingerprint of PRS was analyzed by UPLC-PDA. A total of 40 Male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into the control group, the model group, the PRS high dose group (PRS H) and the PRS low dose group (PRS L) with 10 rats in each group. The model, PRS H and L groups as liver fibrosis models were established with carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) method. PRS H and L groups were adopted PRS (300 and 150mg/kgd-1) treatment since the twelfth week of modeling till the sixteenth week. Pathological changes in hepatic tissue were examined using hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and MASSON trichrome staining. Immunohistochemical analysis was performed to determine the protein expression of the RASAL1. RT-PCR and western blotting were used to detect the expression of ERK1/2 mRNA and protein. RESULTS Four saponins in PRS were identified from 19 detected chromatographic peaks on UPLC-PDA by comparing to the standard compounds. PRS can improve the degeneration and necrosis of hepatic tissue, reduce the extent of its fibrous hyperplasia according to H&E and MASSON staining detection. As was detected in PRS H and L groups, PRS down-regulated p-ERK1/2 mRNA and RASAL1 protein, and up-regulated the level of p-ERK1/2 mRNA and RASAL1 protein. CONCLUSION These results demonstrated that PRS can attenuate CCl4-induced liver fibrosis through the regulation of RAS/ERK1/2 signal pathway.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Blotting, Western
- Carbon Tetrachloride
- Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury/enzymology
- Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury/pathology
- Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury/prevention & control
- Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid
- Cytoprotection
- GTPase-Activating Proteins/genetics
- GTPase-Activating Proteins/metabolism
- Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic
- Hyperplasia
- Immunohistochemistry
- Liver/drug effects
- Liver/enzymology
- Liver/pathology
- Liver Cirrhosis, Experimental/chemically induced
- Liver Cirrhosis, Experimental/enzymology
- Liver Cirrhosis, Experimental/pathology
- Liver Cirrhosis, Experimental/prevention & control
- Male
- Melanthiaceae/chemistry
- Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1/genetics
- Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1/metabolism
- Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3/genetics
- Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3/metabolism
- Necrosis
- Phosphorylation
- Phytotherapy
- Plant Extracts/isolation & purification
- Plant Extracts/pharmacology
- Plants, Medicinal
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Saponins/isolation & purification
- Saponins/pharmacology
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Hong
- Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui 230031, China.
| | - Yan-Quan Han
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Grade 3 Laboratory of TCM Preparation, State Administration of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui 230031, China.
| | - Yong-Zhong Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Grade 3 Laboratory of TCM Preparation, State Administration of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui 230031, China.
| | - Jia-Rong Gao
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Grade 3 Laboratory of TCM Preparation, State Administration of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui 230031, China.
| | - Yu-Xin Li
- Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui 230031, China; The First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Grade 3 Laboratory of TCM Preparation, State Administration of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui 230031, China.
| | - Qing Liu
- Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui 230031, China; The First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Grade 3 Laboratory of TCM Preparation, State Administration of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui 230031, China.
| | - Lun-Zhu Xia
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Grade 3 Laboratory of TCM Preparation, State Administration of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui 230031, China.
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Zhao H, Meng W, Li Y, Liu W, Fu B, Yang Y, Zhang Q, Chen G. The protective effects of CHIR99021 against oxidative injury in LO2 cells. Pharmazie 2016; 71:629-635. [PMID: 29441966 DOI: 10.1691/ph.2016.6714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury is one of the most important factors for the prognosis of liver transplantation and hepatic surgery. It was reported that glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) regulated injury response during ischemia-reperfusion. In this study, we investigated the protective effects of the GSK-3 inhibitor CHIR99021 against hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury. A H2O2-induced oxidative injury model using LO2 cells was established. LO2 cells were divided into four groups, including blank control group, CHIR99021 control group treated with CHIR99021 alone, H2O2-injury group treated with H2O2 and protection group treated with H2O2 plus CHIR99021. Cell viability, cell apoptosis or necrosis was determined. Meanwhile, mitochondrial membrane potential, lipid peroxidation, cellular ROS levels, SOD activity, and serum contents of ALS and AST were measured. Protein and mRNA expressions were also detected. The results showed that a cell oxidative injury model was established by treating LO2 cells with 200 μmol/L H2O2 for 6 h. Cells exposed to H2O2 resulted in a significant decrease of cell viability and increase of cell apoptosis, which was accompanied by increasing ROS levels, disruption of mitochondrial membrane potential, excessive lipid peroxidation, reduction of SOD activity, and increased levels of ALT and AST. Treatment with CHIR99021 significantly protected LO2 cells against H2O2-induce oxidative injury by inhibiting the changes of above oxidative injury related indicators. Moreover, CHIR99021 treatment significantly reversed H2O2-induced decrease in p-GSK-3βSer9 , Bcl-2, Bcl-xl, survivin and β-catenin expression, whereas it significantly attenuated H2O2-induced increase in caspase-3, cleaved caspase-3 and p-JNK protein expression. In conclusion, CHIR99021 protected LO2 cells against H2O2-induced oxidative injury through reducing GSK-3β activity and apoptosis, with underlying mechanisms involved in stabilizing mitochondrial membrane potential, attenuating cellular ROS generation, suppressing mitochondria-mediated apoptotic pathway, and activation of GSK-3β/β-catenin signaling pathway.
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Sun Q, Wang G, Gao L, Shi L, Qi Y, Lv X, Jin Y. Roles of CYP2e1 in 1,2-dichloroethane-induced liver damage in mice. Environ Toxicol 2016; 31:1430-1438. [PMID: 25926354 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2014] [Revised: 04/03/2015] [Accepted: 04/11/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to explore the roles of cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1) in 1,2-dichloroethane (1,2-DCE)-induced liver damage. Two parts were included in this study: first, effect of 1,2-DCE on microsomal expression of CYP2E1, and second, potential of an inhibitor of CYP2E1 to reduce 1,2-DCE-induced liver damage. In part one, mice were exposed to 0, 0.225, 0.45, or 0.9 g/m3 1,2-DCE for 10 days, 3.5 h per day through static inhalation. In part two, mice were divided into blank control, solvent control, inhibitor control, 1,2-DCE-poisoned group, and low or high intervention group. In part one, compared to the control, serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activities and hepatic malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in 0.9 g/m3 1,2-DCE group, and microsomal CYP2E1 protein expression and activity in both 0.45 and 0.9 g/m3 1,2-DCE groups increased significantly; conversely, hepatic nonprotein sulfhydryl (NPSH) levels in both 0.45 and 0.9 g/m3 1,2-DCE groups and hepatic SOD activities in 0.9 g/m3 1,2-DCE group decreased significantly. In part two, microsomal CYP2E1 protein expression and activity decreased significantly in both low and high intervention groups compared to 1,2-DCE-poisoned group. Along with the changes of CYP2E1, hepatic MDA levels and serum ALT activities decreased; conversely, hepatic NPSH levels and SOD activities increased significantly in high intervention group. Taken together, our results suggested that 1,2-DCE could enhance CYP2E1 protein expression and enzymatic activity, which could cause oxidative damage in liver, serving as an important mechanism underlying 1,2-DCE-induced liver damage. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 31: 1430-1438, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Sun
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Gaoyang Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Lanyue Gao
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Shi
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Qi
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiuqiang Lv
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaping Jin
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China.
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50
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Kang SWS, Haydar G, Taniane C, Farrell G, Arias IM, Lippincott-Schwartz J, Fu D. AMPK Activation Prevents and Reverses Drug-Induced Mitochondrial and Hepatocyte Injury by Promoting Mitochondrial Fusion and Function. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0165638. [PMID: 27792760 PMCID: PMC5085033 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0165638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2016] [Accepted: 10/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial damage is the major factor underlying drug-induced liver disease but whether conditions that thwart mitochondrial injury can prevent or reverse drug-induced liver damage is unclear. A key molecule regulating mitochondria quality control is AMP activated kinase (AMPK). When activated, AMPK causes mitochondria to elongate/fuse and proliferate, with mitochondria now producing more ATP and less reactive oxygen species. Autophagy is also triggered, a process capable of removing damaged/defective mitochondria. To explore whether AMPK activation could potentially prevent or reverse the effects of drug-induced mitochondrial and hepatocellular damage, we added an AMPK activator to collagen sandwich cultures of rat and human hepatocytes exposed to the hepatotoxic drugs, acetaminophen or diclofenac. In the absence of AMPK activation, the drugs caused hepatocytes to lose polarized morphology and have significantly decreased ATP levels and viability. At the subcellular level, mitochondria underwent fragmentation and had decreased membrane potential due to decreased expression of the mitochondrial fusion proteins Mfn1, 2 and/or Opa1. Adding AICAR, a specific AMPK activator, at the time of drug exposure prevented and reversed these effects. The mitochondria became highly fused and ATP production increased, and hepatocytes maintained polarized morphology. In exploring the mechanism responsible for this preventive and reversal effect, we found that AMPK activation prevented drug-mediated decreases in Mfn1, 2 and Opa1. AMPK activation also stimulated autophagy/mitophagy, most significantly in acetaminophen-treated cells. These results suggest that activation of AMPK prevents/reverses drug-induced mitochondrial and hepatocellular damage through regulation of mitochondrial fusion and autophagy, making it a potentially valuable approach for treatment of drug-induced liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ghada Haydar
- Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Caitlin Taniane
- Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Geoffrey Farrell
- Liver Research Group, Australian National University Medical School, Canberra, Australia
| | - Irwin M. Arias
- National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | | | - Dong Fu
- Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- * E-mail:
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