1
|
Piccolo V, Maisto M, Schiano E, Iannuzzo F, Keivani N, Manuela Rigano M, Santini A, Novellino E, Carlo Tenore G, Summa V. Phytochemical investigation and antioxidant properties of unripe tomato cultivars (Solanum lycopersicum L.). Food Chem 2024; 438:137863. [PMID: 37980871 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.137863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
Unripe tomatoes are among the main waste produced during tomato cultivation and processing. In this study, unripe tomatoes from seven different Italian cultivars have been investigated to evaluate their nutraceutical potential. Phytochemical investigation allowed shedding light on the identification of seventy-five bioactive compounds. The highest amount of polyphenolic and glycoalkaloids along with the high level of antioxidant activities was found in the Datterini tomatoes variety. The peculiarity of this variety is the high chlorogenic acid content, being ten times higher compared to the other cultivars examined. Moreover, the total α-tomatine amount has been found substantially higher (34.699 ± 1.101 mg/g dry weight) with respect to the other tomato varieties analyzed. Furthermore, the cultivars metabolomic profiles were investigated with the PCA approach. Based on Datterini cultivar's metabolomic profile, its waste-recovery could represent a good option for further added value products in pharmaceutical and nutraceutical areas with a high α-tomatine content.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Piccolo
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Napoli Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Maria Maisto
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Napoli Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Schiano
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Napoli Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Fortuna Iannuzzo
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Napoli Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Niloufar Keivani
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Napoli Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Maria Manuela Rigano
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Napoli Federico II, Via Università 100, 80055 Portici, Italy
| | - Antonello Santini
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Napoli Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Ettore Novellino
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo Francesco Vito, 00168 Roma, Italy
| | - Gian Carlo Tenore
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Napoli Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Summa
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Napoli Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Chang X, Liang Y, Shi F, Guo T, Wang Y. Biochemistry behind firmness retention of jujube fruit by combined treatment of acidic electrolyzed water and high-voltage electrostatic field. Food Chem X 2023; 19:100812. [PMID: 37780323 PMCID: PMC10534160 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2023.100812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Harvested jujube (Zizyphus jujuba Mill) is prone to softening due to active metabolism. This study investigated the effects of acidic electrolyzed water (AEW), high-voltage electrostatic field (HVEF) and their combination (AEW + HVEF) on softening and associated cell wall degrading enzymes (CWDEs), cell membrane integrity and antioxidant system of 'Huping' jujube during storage at 0 ± 1 °C. The results indicated that fruit subjected to AEW + HVEF, AEW or HVEF treatments maintained firmness 15.7%, 10.7%, and 5.3% higher than that of untreated control fruit at the end of 90 days cool storage. Fruit treated with AEW + HVEF could better maintain cell membrane integrity and exhibit lower activities of CWDEs and higher antioxidant capacity than that treated with either AEW or HVEF. Correlation analysis suggested that inhibition of softening was associated with reduction of CWDEs activities, and maintenance of membrane integrity and antioxidant system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojie Chang
- College of Horticulture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030800, China
- Life Sciences Department, Yuncheng University, Yuncheng 044000, China
- Shanxi Center of Technology Innovation for High Value Added echelon Utilization of Premium Agro-Products, Yuncheng University, Yuncheng 044000, China
| | - Yueguang Liang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030800, China
| | - Fei Shi
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030800, China
| | - Tianjing Guo
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030800, China
| | - Yu Wang
- College of Horticulture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030800, China
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030800, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Meng W, Sun H, Mu T, Garcia-Vaquero M. Chitosan-based Pickering emulsion: A comprehensive review on their stabilizers, bioavailability, applications and regulations. Carbohydr Polym 2023; 304:120491. [PMID: 36641178 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.120491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chitosan-based particles are one of the most promising Pickering emulsions stabilizers due to its cationic properties, cost-effective, biocompatibility, biodegradability. However, there are currently no comprehensive reviews analyzing the role of chitosan to develop Pickering emulsions, and the bioavailability and multiple uses of these emulsions. SCOPE AND APPROACH This review firstly summarizes the types, preparation and functional properties of chitosan-based Pickering emulsion stabilizers, followed by in vivo and in vitro bioavailability, main regulations, and future application and trends. KEY FINDINGS AND CONCLUSIONS Stabilizers used in chitosan-based Pickering emulsions include 6 categories: chitosan self-aggregating particles and 5 types of composites (chitosan-protein, chitosan-polysaccharide, chitosan-fatty acid, chitosan-polyphenol, and chitosan-inorganic). Chitosan-based Pickering emulsions improved the bioavailability of different compounds compared to traditional emulsions. Current applications include hydrogels, microcapsules, food ingredients, bio-based films, cosmeceuticals, porous scaffolds, environmental protection agents, and interfacial catalysis systems. However, due to current limitations, more research and development are needed to be extensively explored to meet consumer demand, industrial manufacturing, and regulatory requirements. Thus, optimization of stabilizers, bioavailability studies, 3D4D printing, fat substitutes, and double emulsions are the main potential development trends or research gaps in the field which would contribute to increase adoption of these promising emulsions at industrial level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weihao Meng
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Nutrition Science, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No.2 Yuan Ming Yuan West Road, Haidian District, 5109, Beijing 100193, PR China; Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, No.2 Yuan Ming Yuan West Road, Haidian District, 5109, Beijing 100193, PR China; School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Hongnan Sun
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Nutrition Science, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No.2 Yuan Ming Yuan West Road, Haidian District, 5109, Beijing 100193, PR China; Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, No.2 Yuan Ming Yuan West Road, Haidian District, 5109, Beijing 100193, PR China.
| | - Taihua Mu
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Nutrition Science, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No.2 Yuan Ming Yuan West Road, Haidian District, 5109, Beijing 100193, PR China; Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, No.2 Yuan Ming Yuan West Road, Haidian District, 5109, Beijing 100193, PR China.
| | - Marco Garcia-Vaquero
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Jia Y, Yan X, Huang Y, Zhu H, Qi B, Li Y. Different interactions driving the binding of soy proteins (7S/11S) and flavonoids (quercetin/rutin): Alterations in the conformational and functional properties of soy proteins. Food Chem 2022; 396:133685. [PMID: 35843004 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.133685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this research was to comparatively investigate the interactions between bioactive flavonoids (quercetin and rutin) and two predominant soy proteins (β-conglycinin and glycinin), and the structural and functional properties of their complexes. The binding affinities of quercetin/rutin toward 7S/11S were structure-dependent, in that rutin had a higher binding affinity than that of quercetin, and 11S exhibited higher affinity toward quercetin/rutin than that of 7S. The interactions in the 7S/11S-quercetin complexes were driven by van der Waals forces and hydrogen-bonding interactions, whereas the 7S/11S-rutin complexes exhibited hydrophobic interactions. Binding to quercetin or rutin altered the secondary structures (decrease in the α-helix and random coil contents and increase in the β-sheet content), decreased the surface hydrophobicity and thermal stability, and enhanced the antioxidant capacity of 7S and 11S. These findings provide valuable information that can facilitate the design of custom-tailored protein-flavonoid macromolecules.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yijia Jia
- College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Xinyue Yan
- College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Yuyang Huang
- College of Food Engineering, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150028, China; Heilongjiang Green Food Science Research Institute, Harbin 150028, China; National Research Center of Soybean Engineering and Technology, Harbin 150028, China
| | - Huaping Zhu
- Ministry of Science and Technology China Rural Technology Development Center, Beijing 100045, China
| | - Baokun Qi
- College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China.
| | - Yang Li
- College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; Heilongjiang Green Food Science Research Institute, Harbin 150028, China; National Research Center of Soybean Engineering and Technology, Harbin 150028, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zhang R, Zhang Q, Zhu S, Liu B, Liu F, Xu Y. Mulberry leaf (Morus alba L.): A review of its potential influences in mechanisms of action on metabolic diseases. Pharmacol Res 2021; 175:106029. [PMID: 34896248 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.106029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The leaves of Morus alba L. (called Sangye in Chinese, ML), which belong to the genus Morus., are highly valuable edible plants in nutrients and nutraceuticals. In Asian countries including China, Japan and Korea, ML are widely used as functional foods including beverages, noodles and herbal tea because of its biological and nutritional value. Meanwhile, ML-derived products in the form of powders, extracts and capsules are widely consumed as dietary supplements for controlling blood glucose and sugar. Clinical studies showed that ML play an important role in the treatment of metabolic diseases including the diabetes, dyslipidemia, obesity, atherosclerosis and hypertension. People broadly use ML due to their nutritiousness, deliciousness, safety, and abundant active benefits. However, the systematic pharmacological mechanisms of ML on metabolic diseases have not been fully revealed. Therefore, in order to fully utilize and scale relevant products about ML, this review summarizes the up-to-date information about the ML and its constituents effecting on metabolic disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruiyuan Zhang
- Pharmacy College of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, People's Republic of China; State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu 611137, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Pharmacy College of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, People's Republic of China; State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu 611137, People's Republic of China
| | - Shun Zhu
- Pharmacy College of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, People's Republic of China; State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu 611137, People's Republic of China
| | - Biyang Liu
- Pharmacy College of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, People's Republic of China; State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu 611137, People's Republic of China
| | - Fang Liu
- Pharmacy College of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, People's Republic of China; State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu 611137, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yao Xu
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610072, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Kamiloglu S, Ozdal T, Bakir S, Capanoglu E. Bioaccessibility of terebinth (Pistacia terebinthus L.) coffee polyphenols: Influence of milk, sugar and sweetener addition. Food Chem 2021; 374:131728. [PMID: 34891090 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.131728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In this study, terebinth coffee formulations were prepared with whole or skimmed milk with or without sugar/sweetener in order to study the matrix effect on the bioaccessibility of terebinth polyphenols. Quercetin glycosides and catechin were the major flavonoids identified in the terebinth formulations, whereas gallic, protocatechuic, syringic and ellagic acids were determined as the non-flavonoid compounds. The in vitro gastrointestinal digestion model results revealed that addition of whole milk to terebinth coffee increased the total bioaccessible flavonoids significantly (45%) (p < 0.05), whereas skim milk addition did not result in any significant change. Furthermore, antioxidant capacity results measured with CUPRAC assay showed that addition of milk alone or together with sugar/sweetener increases the bioaccessibility of terebinth coffee antioxidants (36-70%) (p < 0.05). Overall, terebinth coffee + whole milk + sugar formulation was found to contain the highest amount of bioaccessible flavonoid and non-flavonoid compounds (42.71-47.07 mg/100 g).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Senem Kamiloglu
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Bursa Uludag University, 16059 Gorukle, Bursa, Turkey; Science and Technology Application and Research Center (BITUAM), Bursa Uludag University, 16059 Gorukle, Bursa, Turkey.
| | - Tugba Ozdal
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Istanbul Okan University, 34959 Tuzla, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Sena Bakir
- Department of Gastronomy and Culinary Arts, Tourism Faculty, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, 53400 Ardesen, Rize, Turkey.
| | - Esra Capanoglu
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, 34469 Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Cao Y, Xie L, Liu K, Liang Y, Dai X, Wang X, Lu J, Zhang X, Li X. The antihypertensive potential of flavonoids from Chinese Herbal Medicine: A review. Pharmacol Res 2021; 174:105919. [PMID: 34601080 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
With the coming of the era of the aging population, hypertension has become a global health burden to be dealt with. Although there are multiple drugs and procedures to control the symptoms of hypertension, the management of it is still a long-term process, and the side effects of conventional drugs pose a burden on patients. Flavonoids, common compounds found in fruits and vegetables as secondary metabolites, are active components in Chinese Herbal Medicine. The flavonoids are proved to have cardiovascular benefits based on a plethora of animal experiments over the last decade. Thus, the flavonoids or flavonoid-rich plant extracts endowed with anti-hypertension activities and probable mechanisms were reviewed. It has been found that flavonoids may affect blood pressure in various ways. Moreover, despite the substantial evidence of the potential for flavonoids in the control of hypertension, it is not sufficient to support the clinical application of flavonoids as an adjuvant or core drug. So the synergistic effects of flavonoids with other drugs, pharmacokinetic studies, clinical trials and the safety of flavonoids are also incorporated in the discussion. It is believed that more breakthrough studies are needed. Overall, this review may shed some new light on the explicit recognition of the mechanisms of anti-hypertension actions of flavonoids, pointing out the limitations of relevant research at the current stage and the aspects that should be strengthened in future researches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Cao
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, PR China
| | - Long Xie
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, PR China
| | - Kai Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, PR China
| | - Youdan Liang
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, PR China
| | - Xiaolin Dai
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, PR China
| | - Xian Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, PR China
| | - Jing Lu
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, PR China
| | - Xumin Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, PR China
| | - Xiaofang Li
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
He Q, Guo Z, Cao Y, Yang M, Yao S. Selective separation of main flavonoids by combinational use of ionic liquid-loaded microcapsules from crude extract of Tartary buckwheat. Food Chem 2021; 362:130255. [PMID: 34111694 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.130255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
For selective adsorption of main flavonoids from crude Tartary buckwheat extract (rutin, 0.021 mg/mL; quercetin, 0.030 mg/mL; and kaempferol, 0.011 mg/mL), new ionic liquid-based sorbents were successfully prepared by encapsulating [Bmim]Br and [Bmim]Pro in regular spherical non-magnetic and magnetic microcapsules with polysulfone content of 8%, respectively. After appropriate loading process, the microcapsules were comprehensively characterized by infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetry analysis and scanning electron microscopy. Then the separation strategy was designed to separate rutin and quercetin from kaempferol by combinational use of two kinds of IL-loaded microcapsules (ILLMs). The effects of solid-liquid ratio of ILLMs and extract, pH, time and adsorption temperature were all investigated. The experimental data fit well with the quasi-second-order kinetics model and Langmuir model. After desorption, target flavonoids were well recovered and the ILLMs showed good stability. As the result, a new IL-based separation technology for main flavonoids from food crop was developed for the first time.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qing He
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, PR China
| | - Zhangxing Guo
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, PR China
| | - Yu Cao
- College of Life Science & Biotechnology, Mianyang Normal University, Mianyang 621000, PR China
| | - Min Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, PR China
| | - Shun Yao
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Rocha S, Lucas M, Ribeiro D, Corvo ML, Fernandes E, Freitas M. Nano-based drug delivery systems used as vehicles to enhance polyphenols therapeutic effect for diabetes mellitus treatment. Pharmacol Res 2021; 169:105604. [PMID: 33845125 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is one of the biggest health emergencies of the 21st century worldwide, characterized by deficiency in insulin secretion and/or action, leading to hyperglycemia. Despite the currently available antidiabetic therapeutic options, 4.2 million people died in 2019 due to diabetes. Thus, new effective interventions are required. Polyphenols are plant secondary metabolites and have been recognized for their vast number of biological activities, including potential antidiabetic effects. However, the poor bioavailability and high metabolization of polyphenols restrict their biological effects in vivo. Nanotechnology is a promising area of research to improve the therapeutic effect of several compounds. Therefore, this review provides an overview of the literature about the utility of nano-based drug delivery systems as vehicles of polyphenols in diabetes treatment. It was possible to conclude that, in general, nano-based drug delivery systems can potentiate the beneficial antidiabetic properties of polyphenols, when compared with the free compounds, opening a new field of research in diabetology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sónia Rocha
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Mariana Lucas
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Daniela Ribeiro
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - M Luísa Corvo
- Research Institute for Medicines, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Eduarda Fernandes
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Marisa Freitas
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Ma Z, Li X, Chen Y, Tang X, Gao Y, Wang H, Liu R. Comprehensive evaluation of the combined extracts of Epimedii Folium and Ligustri Lucidi Fructus for PMOP in ovariectomized rats based on MLP-ANN methods. J Ethnopharmacol 2021; 268:113563. [PMID: 33176184 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Revised: 10/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Kidney deficiency is the main pathogenesis of osteoporosis based on the theory of "kidney governing bones" in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). Osteoporosis is a systemic disease; kidney deficiency influences the growth, aging and reproduction of human body, reflecting in endocrine, nerve, immunity, metabolism and other functions. Multi-target drugs composed of natural non-toxic products from kidney-reinforcing herbs, are being investigated for the treatment of osteoporosis. Therefore, it is necessary and imperative to develop an objective and comprehensive method to evaluate and compare the effects of herbs with listed drugs. AIM OF THE STUDY This study was designed to evaluate and compare the therapeutic effects and the underlying molecular mechanism of the combined extracts of Epimedii Folium and Ligustri Lucidi Fructus (EL) with Raloxifene hydrochloride (RH) in ovariectomy (OVX)-induced postmenopausal osteoporosis (PMOP) rats based on the multi-layer perception (MLP)-artificial neural network (ANN) model. MATERIALS AND METHODS Female SD rats were subjected to either sham surgery (n = 8) or bilateral OVX (n = 48). One week after recovering from surgery, the OVX-induced rats were randomly divided into three groups: OVX model group (n = 32, every 8 rats were killed at the end of the 5th, 9th, 11th or 13th week after OVX), EL group (treated with EL 0.35 g/kg, n = 8), and RH group (treated with RH 6.25 mg/kg, n = 8). The rats in the treatment groups were administrated once a day for 12 weeks, then sacrificed. We observed bone mass and quality, bone remodeling, the function of estrogen and TGF-β1/Smads pathway in all rats. RESULTS Both EL and RH could increase bone mineral density, enhance bone strength, relieve bone micro-structure degeneration, re-balance bone remodeling, regulate estrogen dysfunction, and up-regulate TGF-β1 expression. The evaluation of the MLP-ANN model showed that EL and RH had markedly anti-PMOP effects, and there was no significant difference in the comprehensive evaluation of anti-osteoporosis between the two drugs. However, RH had better effects on bone mass and quality and TGF-β1/Smads pathway than EL; EL had better effects on estrogen function than RH. CONCLUSION Combined extracts of Epimedii Folium and Ligustri Lucidi Fructus (EL) exhibited bone-protective effects on PMOP. The MLP-ANN method evaluated the efficacy of drugs more comprehensively, which provided a new direction for the evaluation and comparison of drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zitong Ma
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University and Beijing Key Lab of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research, No.10 Xitoutiao, Youanmenwai, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Xiaoxi Li
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University and Beijing Key Lab of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research, No.10 Xitoutiao, Youanmenwai, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Yuheng Chen
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University and Beijing Key Lab of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research, No.10 Xitoutiao, Youanmenwai, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Xiufeng Tang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University and Beijing Key Lab of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research, No.10 Xitoutiao, Youanmenwai, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Yingying Gao
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University and Beijing Key Lab of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research, No.10 Xitoutiao, Youanmenwai, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Han Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University and Beijing Key Lab of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research, No.10 Xitoutiao, Youanmenwai, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Renhui Liu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University and Beijing Key Lab of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research, No.10 Xitoutiao, Youanmenwai, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100069, China.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Saponara S, Fusi F, Iovinelli D, Ahmed A, Trezza A, Spiga O, Sgaragli G, Valoti M. Flavonoids and hERG channels: Friends or foes? Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 899:174030. [PMID: 33727059 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The cardiac action potential is regulated by several ion channels. Drugs capable to block these channels, in particular the human ether-à-go-go-related gene (hERG) channel, also known as KV11.1 channel, may lead to a potentially lethal ventricular tachyarrhythmia called "Torsades de Pointes". Thus, evaluation of the hERG channel off-target activity of novel chemical entities is nowadays required to safeguard patients as well as to avoid attrition in drug development. Flavonoids, a large class of natural compounds abundantly present in food, beverages, herbal medicines, and dietary food supplements, generally escape this assessment, though consumed in consistent amounts. Continuously growing evidence indicates that these compounds may interact with the hERG channel and block it. The present review, by examining numerous studies, summarizes the state-of-the-art in this field, describing the most significant examples of direct and indirect inhibition of the hERG channel current operated by flavonoids. A description of the molecular interactions between a few of these natural molecules and the Rattus norvegicus channel protein, achieved by an in silico approach, is also presented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simona Saponara
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Università degli Studi di Siena, via A. Moro 2, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Fabio Fusi
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Siena, via A. Moro 2, 53100, Siena, Italy.
| | - Daniele Iovinelli
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Siena, via A. Moro 2, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Amer Ahmed
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Università degli Studi di Siena, via A. Moro 2, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Alfonso Trezza
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Siena, via A. Moro 2, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Ottavia Spiga
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Siena, via A. Moro 2, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Giampietro Sgaragli
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Università degli Studi di Siena, via A. Moro 2, 53100, Siena, Italy; Accademia Italiana della Vite e del Vino, via Logge degli Uffizi Corti 1, 50122, Florence, Italy
| | - Massimo Valoti
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Università degli Studi di Siena, via A. Moro 2, 53100, Siena, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Nie R, Zhang Y, Zhang H, Jin Q, Wu G, Wang X. Effect of different processing methods on physicochemical properties, chemical compositions and in vitro antioxidant activities of Paeonia lactiflora Pall seed oils. Food Chem 2020; 332:127408. [PMID: 32619944 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.127408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2020] [Revised: 06/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
A research was performed to determine and compare the physicochemical properties, chemical compositions and in vitro antioxidant activities of Paeonia lactiflora Pall seed oils with ultrasonic-assisted solvent extraction, pressing and supercritical fluid extraction. Paeonia lactiflora Pall seed oil contained a high percentage of polyunsaturated fatty acids and monounsaturated fatty acids, especially oleic (31.62-32.88%) and α-linolenic acids (37.55-39.95%). The beneficial multiple dietary phytochemicals (tocopherol, phytosterols and squalene) and in vitro antioxidant activity were significantly influenced by the hull and processing method (P<0.05). However, higher tocopherol (596.67-738.76 mg/kg) and phytosterols (5775.01-6055.62 mg/kg) contents were found in supercritical fluid extraction oils. Additionally, ten individual polyphenols were quantified, and significantly influenced by the hull and processing method (P<0.05), with the content of benzoic acid and several individual flavonoids being the higher. According to the results, pressing might be the best process for extracting oil with a high number of polyphenols.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rong Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, China; National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, China
| | - Yiren Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, School of Physical Science, University of Liverpool, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, China; National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, China
| | - Qingzhe Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, China; National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, China
| | - Gangcheng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, China; National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, China.
| | - Xingguo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, China; National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
El-Seedi HR, Yosri N, Khalifa SAM, Guo Z, Musharraf SG, Xiao J, Saeed A, Du M, Khatib A, Abdel-Daim MM, Efferth T, Göransson U, Verpoorte R. Exploring natural products-based cancer therapeutics derived from egyptian flora. J Ethnopharmacol 2020; 269:113626. [PMID: 33248183 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Egyptian plants are a rich source of natural molecules, representing considerable biodiversity due to climate variations between the Northern, Southern, Eastern and Western regions of the country. Sinai is considered a precious nature reserves preserving flora, fauna, marine organisms, and historical habitats with ancient origins. Here, traditional medicinal approaches have been used for hundreds of years. Healthy lifestyles, low levels of stress and microbial infections, and a dependence on flora and herbal medicine might in combination explain why the burden of cancer is lower in some regions than in others. AIM OF THE STUDY The primary aim of this review is to document the plants and natural products that are used as foods and medicines in Egypt, in general, and in Sinai, in particular, with a focus on those with demonstrated anticancer activities. The documented traditional uses of these plants are described, together with their chemical and pharmacological activities and the reported outcomes of clinical trials against cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS A literature search was performed to identify texts describing the medicinal plants that are cultivated and grown in Egypt, including information found in textbooks, published articles, the plant list website (http://www.theplantlist.org/), the medicinal plant names services website (http://mpns.kew.org/mpns-portal/), and web databases (PubMed, Science Direct, and Google Scholar). RESULTS AND DISCUSSION We collected data for most of the plants cultivated or grown in Egypt that have been previously investigated for anticancer effects and reported their identified bioactive elements. Several plant species, belonging to different families and associated with 67 bioactive compounds, were investigated as potential anticancer agents (in vitro studies). The most potent cytotoxic activities were identified for the families Asteraceae, Lamiaceae, Chenopodiaceae, Apocynaceae, Asclepiadaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Gramineae, and Liliaceae. The anticancer activities of some species, such as Punica granatum L., Nerium oleander L., Olea europea L., Matricaria chamomilla L., Cassia acutifolia L., Nigella sativa L., Capsicum frutescens L., Withania somnifera L., and Zingiber officinale Roscoe, have been examined in clinical trials. Among the various Egyptian plant habitats, we found that most of these plants are grown in the North Sinai, New-Delta, and Giza Governorates. CONCLUSION In this review, we highlight the role played by Egyptian flora in current medicinal therapies and the possibility that these plants may be examined in further studies for the development of anticancer drugs. These bioactive plant extracts form the basis for the isolation of phytochemicals with demonstrated anticancer activities. Some active components derived from these plants have been applied to preclinical and clinical settings, including resveratrol, quercetin, isoquercetin, and rutin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hesham R El-Seedi
- Pharmacognosy Group, Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University, Biomedical Centre, Box 574, 751 23, Uppsala, Sweden; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Menoufia University, 32512, Shebin El-Kom, Egypt; International Research Center for Food Nutrition and Safety, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China.
| | - Nermeen Yosri
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Menoufia University, 32512, Shebin El-Kom, Egypt; School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Shaden A M Khalifa
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Stockholm University, Wenner-Gren Institute, SE-106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Zhiming Guo
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Syed Ghulam Musharraf
- H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Jianbo Xiao
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Control in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Macau
| | - Aamer Saeed
- Chemistry Department, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
| | - Ming Du
- School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, China
| | - Alfi Khatib
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuantan, 25200, Pahang, Malaysia; Faculty of Pharmacy, Airlangga University, Surabaya, 60155, Indonesia
| | - Mohamed M Abdel-Daim
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia; Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, 41522, Egypt
| | - Thomas Efferth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg University, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Ulf Göransson
- Pharmacognosy Group, Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University, Biomedical Centre, Box 574, 751 23, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Rob Verpoorte
- Natural Products Laboratory, IBL, Leiden University PO Box 9505, 2300RA, Leiden, the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Janković B, Manić N. Model-free and model-based analysis of thermo-oxidative response of wolfberries: A new developed mechanistic scheme. Food Chem 2020; 343:128530. [PMID: 33168260 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.128530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Thermally accelerated oxidative degradation of wolfberry pulp was kinetically monitored using model-free and model-based approaches. Kinetic calculations were performed based on simultaneous thermal analysis measurements in an air at four different heating rates. From kinetic analysis, new developed mechanistic scheme which is responsible for wolfberries anti-oxidative behavior was proposed. It was found that thermo-oxidative process proceeds through multiplestep mechanism including sum of two independent reaction sets, via consecutive and competitive steps. It was established that rutoside degradation pathway to flavonol through hydrolysis reaction is rate-determining step of considered process. Furthermore, it was found that key flavonol compound degraded by competitive reactions mechanism forming such kinetic branches, which lead to compounds responsible for wolfberries antioxidant activity. It was established that flavonol oxidative cleavage reaction and oxidative polymerization are main chemical routes which are very important in a complex antioxidant mechanism for scavenging free radicals in wolfberries oxidative stress response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bojan Janković
- University of Belgrade, Department of Physical Chemistry, "Vinča" Institute of Nuclear Sciences - National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, Mike Petrovića Alasa 12-14, P.O. Box 522, 11001 Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Nebojša Manić
- University of Belgrade, Fuel and Combustion Laboratory, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Kraljice Marije 16, P.O. Box 35, 11120 Belgrade, Serbia
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
de Souza FG, de Araújo FF, de Paulo Farias D, Zanotto AW, Neri-Numa IA, Pastore GM. Brazilian fruits of Arecaceae family: An overview of some representatives with promising food, therapeutic and industrial applications. Food Res Int 2020; 138:109690. [PMID: 33292959 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2020.109690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The Arecaceae family is widely distributed and comprises about 2600 species, in which 48 of them are native to Brazil and occurs in transition biomes between the Amazon, Cerrado and Caatinga. In addition to being used as a source of food and subsistence, they are also rich in lipophilic bioactive compounds, mainly carotenoids, polyunsaturated fatty acids, tocopherols and vitamin A. Moreover, they have considerable content of phenolic compounds, fibers and minerals. Therefore, the objective of this review is to present the physical-chemical and nutritional aspects, the main bioactive compounds, the biological properties and the innovative potential of four Brazilian palm-tree fruits of the Arecaceae family. Due to the presence of bioactive compounds, these fruits have the potential to promote health and can be used to prevent chronic non-communicable diseases, such as obesity, type 2 diabetes and others. Furthermore, these raw materials and their by-products can be used in the development of new food, chemical, pharmaceutical and cosmetic products. To ensure better use of these crops, promote their commercial value, benefit family farming and contribute to the country's sustainable development, it is necessary to implement new cultivation, post-harvest and processing techniques. Investing in research to publicize their potential is equally important, mainly of the ones still little explored, such as the buritirana.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - David de Paulo Farias
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Engineering, University of Campinas, Brazil
| | - Aline Wasem Zanotto
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Engineering, University of Campinas, Brazil
| | | | - Glaucia Maria Pastore
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Engineering, University of Campinas, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Zheng J, Lu B, Xu B. An update on the health benefits promoted by edible flowers and involved mechanisms. Food Chem 2021; 340:127940. [PMID: 32889216 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.127940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 07/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this review is to provide new findings on health effects of edible flowers since 2015. The antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, hepatoprotective, neuroprotective, anti-diabetic, anti-osteoporosis, anti-obesity, and anti-hypertensive have been reviewed, and the effective concentrations of flower extracts have been summarized. Among all the health benefits mentioned, anti-osteoporosis, anti-obesity, and anti-hypertensive have rarely been mentioned before 2015. Some health benefits mechanisms of edible flowers were discussed frequently after 2015. Some newly found phytochemicals such as polysaccharides were shown to be beneficial to human health. Species of Rosa, Chrysanthemum, and Osmanthus have been reported to exert different health effects on human. For the toxicity studies, the safe level of flower extracts in cell and animal models were at hundreds of parts per million (ppm) level. In consideration of health promoting effects and toxicities of edible flowers, they could serve as potential natural health products for different health benefits.
Collapse
|
17
|
Wu L, Chen Y, Ma Y, Yang Z, Yang N, Deng W, Chen Y, Sun Y, Li Y, Lin L. Clinical practice guideline on treating influenza in adult patients with Chinese patent medicines. Pharmacol Res 2020; 160:105101. [PMID: 32739428 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.105101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Influenza is a major public health problem worldwide. Mutations and resistance development make the use of antiviral therapy challenging. Chinese patent medicines are often used to treat influenza in China and well tolerable. However, the misuse of Chinese patent medicines is common. We therefore aimed to develop an evidence-based guideline on treating influenza with Chinese patent medicines in adults to guide clinical practice. We formed a steering committee, a consensus panel, a consultants' group and an evidence synthesis team to guide the development of the guideline. We formulated the clinical questions through two rounds of survey, and finally selected five questions. We then systematically searched the related evidence and conducted meta-analyses, evidence summaries and GRADE decision tables to draft the recommendations, which the consensus panel then voted on using the Delphi method. Finally, we formulated six recommendations based on the evidence synthesis and experts' consensus. For treating mild influenza, we suggest either Lianhua Qingwen capsule, Jinhua Qinggan granule, Banlangen granule, Shufeng Jiedu capsule, or Jinfang Baidu pill, depending on the manifestations. For severe influenza, or mild influenza in patients at high risk of developing severe influenza, we suggest Lianhua Qingwen capsule in combination with antiviral medications and supportive therapy. The strength of all recommendations was weak. Traditional Chinese medicine has great potential to help in the fight against influenza worldwide, but more high-quality studies are still needed to strengthen the evidence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wu
- The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yaolong Chen
- Evidence-Based Medicine Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China; Chinese GRADE Center, Lanzhou, China; WHO Collaborating Centre for Guideline Implementation and Knowledge Translation, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yanfang Ma
- Evidence-Based Medicine Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China; Chinese GRADE Center, Lanzhou, China; WHO Collaborating Centre for Guideline Implementation and Knowledge Translation, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zifeng Yang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, The First Clinical School of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou, China; State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou, China; National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou, China
| | - Nan Yang
- Evidence-Based Medicine Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China; Chinese GRADE Center, Lanzhou, China; WHO Collaborating Centre for Guideline Implementation and Knowledge Translation, Lanzhou, China
| | - Wenze Deng
- The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuanbin Chen
- The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuanyuan Sun
- Standardization Project Management Office of China Association of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yimin Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, The First Clinical School of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou, China; State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou, China; National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Lin Lin
- The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Chen H, Yang J, Deng X, Lei Y, Xie S, Guo S, Ren R, Li J, Zhang Z, Xu T. Foliar-sprayed manganese sulfate improves flavonoid content in grape berry skin of Cabernet Sauvignon (Vitis vinifera L.) growing on alkaline soil and wine chromatic characteristics. Food Chem 2020; 314:126182. [PMID: 31968293 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.126182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Flavonoids are key determinants of grape quality and wine color. Grapevines growing in alkaline soil are prone to manganese deficiency, which can decrease the contents of secondary metabolites, including flavonoids. We determined the effects of a foliar Mn treatment (MnSO4·H2O) of Cabernet Sauvignon grapevines (V. vinifera L.) growing in alkaline soil on the flavonoid contents in grape skin, and the quality of wine. The Mn treatments were applied in 2017 and 2018, and tended to increase the grape sugars, berry weight, and the contents of phenolic compounds from veraison until harvest. The Mn treatments increased the amounts of acetylated, methylated, and total anthocyanins, as well as the total flavonol contents in grape berry skin at harvest. The wines prepared from these grapes had a higher color intensity than those prepared from grapes from control vines. Foliar-applied MnSO4·H2O can promote flavonoid biosynthesis in grape berries, and improve the color of wine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huangzhao Chen
- College of Enology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; College of Food and Biological Engineering, Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, Zhengzhou, Henan 450046, China.
| | - Jun Yang
- College of Enology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Xiaoxu Deng
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, Zhengzhou, Henan 450046, China
| | - Yujuan Lei
- College of Enology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
| | - Sha Xie
- College of Enology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
| | - Shuihuan Guo
- College of Enology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Ruihua Ren
- College of Enology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Junnan Li
- College of Enology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Zhengwen Zhang
- College of Enology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
| | - Tengfei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Huang YF, Bai C, He F, Xie Y, Zhou H. Review on the potential action mechanisms of Chinese medicines in treating Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). Pharmacol Res 2020; 158:104939. [PMID: 32445956 PMCID: PMC7239792 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.104939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been declared as a global pandemic, but specific medicines and vaccines are still being developed. In China, interventional therapies with traditional Chinese medicine for COVID-19 have achieved significant clinical efficacies, but the underlying pharmacological mechanisms are still unclear. This article reviewed the etiology of COVID-19 and clinical efficacy. Both network pharmacological study and literature search were used to demonstrate the possible action mechanisms of Chinese medicines in treating COVID-19. We found that Chinese medicines played the role of antivirus, anti-inflammation and immunoregulation, and target organs protection in the management of COVID-19 by multiple components acting on multiple targets at multiple pathways. AEC2 and 3CL protein could be the direct targets for inhibiting severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Quercetin, kaempferol, luteolin, isorhamnetin, baicalein, naringenin, and wogonin could be the main active ingredients of Chinese medicines for the management of COVID-19 by targeting on AEC2 and 3CL protein and inhibiting inflammatory mediators, regulating immunity, and eliminating free radicals through COX-2, CASP3, IL-6, MAPK1, MAPK14, MAPK8, and REAL in the signaling pathways of IL-17, arachidonic acid, HIF-1, NF-κB, Ras, and TNF. This study may provide meaningful and useful information on further research to investigate the action mechanisms of Chinese medicines against SARS-CoV-2 and also provide a basis for sharing the “China scheme" for COVID-19 treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Feng Huang
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macao, PR China; Institute of International Standardization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, PR China
| | - Chen Bai
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No.11, North 3rd Ring East Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, PR China
| | - Fan He
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macao, PR China
| | - Ying Xie
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macao, PR China; Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macao, PR China
| | - Hua Zhou
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macao, PR China; Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macao, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Bujor A, Miron A, Luca SV, Skalicka-Wozniak K, Silion M, Trifan A, Girard C, Demougeot C, Totoson P. Vasorelaxant effects of Crataegus pentagyna: Links with arginase inhibition and phenolic profile. J Ethnopharmacol 2020; 252:112559. [PMID: 31935497 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.112559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Revised: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Crataegus leaves, flowers and fruits have been traditionally used to improve blood circulation, numerous preclinical and clinical studies supporting the cardiovascular benefits of Crataegus preparations. In this respect, there is very limited data on Crataegus pentagyna; in addition, the chemical profile of this species is still incompletely elucidated. AIM OF THE STUDY The objective of this study was to examine the cardiovascular benefits of Crataegus pentagyna Waldst. et Kit. ex Willd. (small-flowered black hawthorn, Rosaceae) extracts (leaf, flower and fruit ethyl acetate extracts) and the underlying mechanisms. We hypothesized that C. pentagyna extracts might exert vasodilatory effects and inhibit arginase activity due, in large part, to their polyphenolic constituents. MATERIALS AND METHODS C. pentagyna extracts induced-relaxation and the mechanisms involved were studied ex vivo in isolated aortic rings from Sprague-Dawley rats. The inhibitory effects on bovine liver arginase I were assessed by an in vitro assay. Metabolite profiling of C. pentagyna extracts was performed and the most endothelium- and nitric oxide synthase-dependent; flower extract additionally reduced Ca2+ entry and, to a lesser extent, Ca2+ release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum. C. pentagyna proved to be an important source of arginase inhibitors with potential benefits in endothelial dysfunction that remains to be explored.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Bujor
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 Universitatii Street, 700115, Iasi, Romania; PEPITE EA 4267, FHU INCREASE, University Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 19 rue Ambroise Paré, F-25030, Besançon, France.
| | - Anca Miron
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 Universitatii Street, 700115, Iasi, Romania.
| | - Simon Vlad Luca
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 Universitatii Street, 700115, Iasi, Romania; Biothermodynamics, TUM School of Life and Food Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Maximus-von-Imhof-Forum 2, 85354, Freising, Germany.
| | - Krystyna Skalicka-Wozniak
- Department of Pharmacognosy with Medicinal Plant Unit, Medical University of Lublin, Chodzki 1, 20-093, Lublin, Poland.
| | - Mihaela Silion
- Petru Poni Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, 41A Grigore Ghica Voda Alley, 700487, Iasi, Romania.
| | - Adriana Trifan
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 Universitatii Street, 700115, Iasi, Romania.
| | - Corine Girard
- PEPITE EA 4267, FHU INCREASE, University Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 19 rue Ambroise Paré, F-25030, Besançon, France.
| | - Céline Demougeot
- PEPITE EA 4267, FHU INCREASE, University Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 19 rue Ambroise Paré, F-25030, Besançon, France.
| | - Perle Totoson
- PEPITE EA 4267, FHU INCREASE, University Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 19 rue Ambroise Paré, F-25030, Besançon, France.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Long Y, Yang Q, Xiang Y, Zhang Y, Wan J, Liu S, Li N, Peng W. Nose to brain drug delivery - A promising strategy for active components from herbal medicine for treating cerebral ischemia reperfusion. Pharmacol Res 2020; 159:104795. [PMID: 32278035 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.104795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2019] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury (CIRI), one of the major causes of death from stroke in the world, not only causes tremendous damage to human health, but also brings heavy economic burden to society. Current available treatments for CIRI, including mechanical therapies and drug therapies, are often accompanied by significant side-effects. Therefore, it is necessary to discovery new strategies for treating CIRI. Many studies have confirmed that the herbal medicine has the advantages of abundant resources, good curative effect and little side effects, which can be used as potential drug for treatment of CIRI through multiple targets. It's known that oral administration commonly has low bioavailability, and injection administration is inconvenient and unsafe. Many drugs can't delivery to brain through routine pathways due to the blood-brain-barrier (BBB). Interestingly, increasing evidences have suggested the nasal administration is a potential direct route to transport drug into brain avoiding the BBB and has the characteristics of high bioavailability for treating brain diseases. Therefore, intranasal administration can be treated as an alternative way to treat brain diseases. In the present review, effective methods to treat CIRI by using active ingredients derived from herbal medicine through nose to brain drug delivery (NBDD) are updated and discussed, and some related pharmacological mechanisms have also been emphasized. Our present study would be beneficial for the further drug development of natural agents from herbal medicines via NBDD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Long
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 1166, Liutai Avenue, Chengdu, 611137, PR China
| | - Qiyue Yang
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 39 Shi-er-qiao Road, Chengdu, 610072, PR China
| | - Yan Xiang
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 1166, Liutai Avenue, Chengdu, 611137, PR China
| | - Yulu Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 1166, Liutai Avenue, Chengdu, 611137, PR China
| | - Jinyan Wan
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 1166, Liutai Avenue, Chengdu, 611137, PR China
| | - Songyu Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 1166, Liutai Avenue, Chengdu, 611137, PR China
| | - Nan Li
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 1166, Liutai Avenue, Chengdu, 611137, PR China.
| | - Wei Peng
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 1166, Liutai Avenue, Chengdu, 611137, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
da Silva LC, Souza MC, Sumere BR, Silva LGS, da Cunha DT, Barbero GF, Bezerra RMN, Rostagno MA. Simultaneous extraction and separation of bioactive compounds from apple pomace using pressurized liquids coupled on-line with solid-phase extraction. Food Chem 2020; 318:126450. [PMID: 32151921 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.126450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Revised: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this work was the development of an on-line extraction/fractionation method based on the coupling of pressurized liquid extraction and solid-phase extraction for the separation of phenolic compounds from apple pomace. Several variables of the process were evaluated, including the amount of water of the first stage (0-120 mL), temperature (60-80 °C), solid-phase extraction adsorbent (Sepra, Isolute, Strata X and Oasis) and activation/elution solvent (methanol and ethanol). The best results were observed with the adsorbent Sepra. The temperature had a small effect on recovery, but significant differences were observed for phlorizin and a quercetin derivative. Results indicate that ethanol can be used to replace methanol as an activation, extraction/elution solvent. While using mostly green solvents (water, ethanol, and a small amount of methanol that could be reused), the developed method produced higher or similar yields of acids (2.85 ± 0.19 mg/g) and flavonoids (0.97 ± 0.11 mg/g) than conventional methods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laise C da Silva
- Multidisciplinary Laboratory of Food and Health (LabMAS), School of Applied Sciences (FCA), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Rua Pedro Zaccaria, n. 1300, 13484-350 Limeira, SP, Brazil
| | - Mariana C Souza
- Multidisciplinary Laboratory of Food and Health (LabMAS), School of Applied Sciences (FCA), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Rua Pedro Zaccaria, n. 1300, 13484-350 Limeira, SP, Brazil
| | - Beatriz R Sumere
- Multidisciplinary Laboratory of Food and Health (LabMAS), School of Applied Sciences (FCA), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Rua Pedro Zaccaria, n. 1300, 13484-350 Limeira, SP, Brazil
| | - Luiz G S Silva
- Multidisciplinary Laboratory of Food and Health (LabMAS), School of Applied Sciences (FCA), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Rua Pedro Zaccaria, n. 1300, 13484-350 Limeira, SP, Brazil
| | - Diogo T da Cunha
- Multidisciplinary Laboratory of Food and Health (LabMAS), School of Applied Sciences (FCA), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Rua Pedro Zaccaria, n. 1300, 13484-350 Limeira, SP, Brazil.
| | - Gerardo F Barbero
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Cadiz, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence (ceiA3), IVAGRO, P.O. Box 40, 11510 Puerto Real, Cadiz, Spain.
| | - Rosangela M N Bezerra
- Multidisciplinary Laboratory of Food and Health (LabMAS), School of Applied Sciences (FCA), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Rua Pedro Zaccaria, n. 1300, 13484-350 Limeira, SP, Brazil.
| | - Mauricio A Rostagno
- Multidisciplinary Laboratory of Food and Health (LabMAS), School of Applied Sciences (FCA), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Rua Pedro Zaccaria, n. 1300, 13484-350 Limeira, SP, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Zhang Y, Lyu C, Fong SYK, Wang Q, Li C, Ho NJ, Chan KS, Yan X, Zuo Z. Evaluation of potential herb-drug interactions between oseltamivir and commonly used anti-influenza Chinese medicinal herbs. J Ethnopharmacol 2019; 243:112097. [PMID: 31325600 PMCID: PMC7125811 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.112097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Revised: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE According to Traditional Chinese Medicine theory, influenza is categorized as a warm disease or Wen Bing. The Wen Bing formulas, such as Yin-Qiao-San and Sang-Ju-Yin, are still first-line herbal therapies in combating variant influenza virus. To continue our study on the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interactions between Wen Bing formulas and oseltamivir (OS), the first-line western drug for the treatment of influenza, further interactions between OS and the eight single herbs and their relevant marker components from Wen Bing formulas were investigated in the current study. AIM OF STUDY To establish an in-vitro screening platform for investigation of the potential anti-influenza herbs/herbal components that may have pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interactions with OS. MATERIALS AND METHODS To screen potential inhibition on OS hydrolysis, 1 μg/mL of OS is incubated with herbs/herbal components in diluted rat plasma, microsomes and human recombinant carboxylesterase 1(hCE1) under optimized conditions. MDCK-WT and MDCK-MDR1 cell lines are utilized to identify potential modification on P-gp mediated transport of OS by herbs/herbal components. Caco-2 cells with and without Gly-Sar inhibition are performed to study the uptake of OS via PEPT1 transporters. Modification on OAT3 mediated transport is verified by the uptake of OS on HEK293-MOCK/HEK293-OAT3 cells. Anti-virus effects were evaluated using plaque reduction assay on H1N1 and H3N2 viruses. Potential pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interaction between OS (30 mg/kg) and the selected herb, Radix Scutellariae (RS), at 300-600 mg/kg were carried out on rats. All samples are analyzed by an LC/MS/MS method for the contents of OS and OSA. A mechanistic PK model was developed to interpret the HDI between OS and RS in rats. RESULTS Our developed platform was successfully applied to screen the eight herbal extracts and their ten marker components on metabolic inhibition of OS and modification of OS transport mediated by P-gp, OAT3 and PEPT1. Results from six in-vitro experiments were analyzed after converting raw data from each experiment to corresponding fold-change (FC) values, based on which Radix Scutellariae (RS) were selected to have the most HDI potential with OS. By analyzing the plasma and urine pharmacokinetic data after co-administration of OS with a standardized RS extract in rats using an integrated population pharmacokinetics model, it is suggested that RS could inhibit OS hydrolysis during absorption and increase the absorbed fraction of OS, which leads to the increased ratio of OS concentration versus that of OSA in both rat plasma and urine. Never the less, the anti-virus effects of 2.5 h post-dose rat plasma were not influenced by co-administration of OS with RS. CONCLUSION A six-dimension in-vitro screening platform has been developed and successfully applied to find RS as a potential herb that would influence the co-administrated OS in rats. Although co-administered RS could inhibit OS hydrolysis during absorption and increase the absorbed fraction of OS, which lead to the increased ratio of OS concentration versus that of OSA in both rat plasma and urine, the anti-virus effect of OS was not influenced by co-administered RS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yufeng Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.
| | - Chunming Lyu
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.
| | - Sophia Yui Kau Fong
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.
| | - Qian Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.
| | - Chenrui Li
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.
| | - Nicolas James Ho
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.
| | - Kay Sheung Chan
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.
| | - Xiaoyu Yan
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.
| | - Zhong Zuo
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Liang C, Zhang Z, Zhang H, Ye L, He J, Ou J, Wu Q. Ordered macroporous molecularly imprinted polymers prepared by a surface imprinting method and their applications to the direct extraction of flavonoids from Gingko leaves. Food Chem 2019; 309:125680. [PMID: 31670118 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.125680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Revised: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
In this work, to improve the availability of the recognition sites of molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs), ordered macroporous molecularly imprinted polymers (OMMIPs) were facilely prepared by grafting a quercetin-MIPs layer on the pore walls of the ordered macroporous thiol group functionalized silica. The pore structures were characterized by FTIR, Raman, SEM, BET and TGA measurements. The results indicated that OMMIPs possessed a nanoscale polymer layer, a more regular macroporous structure and a greater porosity compared with the traditional bulk MIPs (TBMIPs). The polymer content of OMMIPs was about 49.7%. Kinetic and isothermal adsorption experiments indicated that OMMIPs exhibited higher affinity and selectivity towards quercetin than its structural analogues. Moreover, OMMIPs could improve the intra-particle adsorption and thus provide a significant improvement in recognition sites availability over TBMIPs. Using the quercetin-OMMIPs as SPE sorbent, quercetin was directly extracted from the crude Gingko leaves extract with a satisfying selectivity and elution recovery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cuiling Liang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zhiyuan Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Huidan Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Lifang Ye
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jianfeng He
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Jiming Ou
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Quanzhou Wu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Nardini M, Garaguso I. Characterization of bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity of fruit beers. Food Chem 2019; 305:125437. [PMID: 31499290 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.125437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Revised: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Total polyphenols and flavonoids content, phenolics profile by HPLC, and antioxidant activity of ten fruit beer produced adding fruits during the fermentation process were analyzed. The fruits were: cherry, raspberry, peach, apricot, grape, plum, orange and apple. Antioxidant activity, total polyphenols and flavonoids content were considerably higher in most of the fruit beers in respect to conventional, no-fruit beers. Cherries beers exhibit the highest values, followed by grape, plum and orange beers. An enrichment was observed in catechin and quercetin content in all fruit beers examined. Myricetin and resveratrol were also detected in most of the fruit beers. Among phenolic acids, an enrichment in chlorogenic, neochlorogenic, p-coumaric and caffeic acids was measured in most of the fruit beers in respect to conventional beers. Our findings show that fruits addition during the fermentation process considerably increased the antioxidant activity of beer and qualitatively and quantitatively improved its phenolics profile.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mirella Nardini
- CREA Research Centre for Food and Nutrition, via Ardeatina 546, Rome 00178, Italy.
| | - Ivana Garaguso
- CREA Research Centre for Plant Protection and Certification, via C. G. Bertero 22, Rome 00156, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Dey P. Gut microbiota in phytopharmacology: A comprehensive overview of concepts, reciprocal interactions, biotransformations and mode of actions. Pharmacol Res 2019; 147:104367. [PMID: 31344423 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2019.104367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Revised: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The dynamic and delicate interactions amongst intestinal microbiota, metabolome and metabolism dictates human health and disease. In recent years, our understanding of gut microbial regulation of intestinal immunometabolic and redox homeostasis have evolved mainly out of in vivo studies associated with high-fat feeding induced metabolic diseases. Techniques utilizing fecal transplantation and germ-free mice have been instrumental in reproducibly demonstrating how the gut microbiota affects disease pathogenesis. However, the pillars of modern drug discovery i.e. evidence-based pharmacological studies critically lack focus on intestinal microflora. This is primarily due to targeted in vitro molecular-approaches at cellular-level that largely overlook the etiology of disease pathogenesis from the physiological perspective. Thus, this review aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the key notions of intestinal microbiota and dysbiosis, and highlight the microbiota-phytochemical bidirectional interactions that affects bioavailability and bioactivity of parent phytochemicals and their metabolites. Potentially by focusing on the three major aspects of gut microbiota i.e. microbial abundance, diversity, and functions, I will discuss phytochemical-microbiota reciprocal interactions, biotransformation of phytochemicals and plant-derived drugs, and pre-clinical and clinical efficacies of herbal medicine on dysbiosis. Additionally, in relation to phytochemical pharmacology, I will briefly discuss the role of dietary-patterns associated with changes in microbial profiles and review pharmacological study models considering possible microbial effects. This review therefore, emphasize on the timely and critically needed evidence-based phytochemical studies focusing on gut microbiota and will provide newer insights for future pre-clinical and clinical phytopharmacological interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Priyankar Dey
- Human Nutrition Program, Department of Human Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Tang Q, Ke H, Wu C, Zeng J, Li Z, Liu Y, Feng S, Xue Q, Xu X. Aqueous extract from You-Gui-Yin ameliorates cognitive impairment of chronic renal failure mice through targeting hippocampal CaMKIIα/CREB/BDNF and EPO/EPOR pathways. J Ethnopharmacol 2019; 239:111925. [PMID: 31055001 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.111925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Revised: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE You-Gui-Yin (YGY) is a traditional Chinese recipe used for reinforcing kidney essence which is recorded in Jingyue Quanshu written by Zhang Jingyue in Ming dynasty. According to traditional Chinese medicine theory, kidney essence is associated with brain and without sufficient kidney essence, cognitive impairment may occur. AIM OF THE STUDY In this study, we aimed to investigate the effect of YGY extract on cognitive impairment of chronic renal failure (CRF) mice and explore the mechanisms involved. MATERIALS AND METHODS Aqueous extract of YGY was prepared from crude drugs and was quality controlled by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). CRF was induced by 0.2% adenine in mice and CRF mice were intragastrically administered with 1.5 g kg-1, 3.0 g kg-1, and 6.0 g kg-1 of YGY extract. Mice were identified with CRF by determining several biochemical and physiological indexes, including creatinine clearance rate, serum creatinine, serum urea nitrogen, serum Ca, serum P, serum Mg, body weight and body temperature. Morris water maze and novel object recognition tests were conducted for evaluation of cognitive function. In addition, changes of CaMKIIα/CREB/BDNF and EPO/EPOR pathways in hippocampus were examined by detecting the protein expressions of CaMKIIα, p-CaMKIIα (Thr286), CREB1, p-CREB1 (Ser133), BDNF, EPO, EPOR, p-EPOR (Tyr485), STAT5, and AKT1 using western blotting assays. Also, the primary EPO-producing cells in brain (i.e. astrocytes) and EPO expression regulator HIF-2α were checked by fluorescence microscopy and western blotting assay, respectively. RESULTS Nine components in YGY extract were figured out and monitored with their contents by HPLC for the quality control of YGY extract. Biochemical and physiological measurements validated the success of induction of CRF in mice, and YGY extract significantly retarded the CRF progression and ameliorated the CRF-induced cognitive impairment. The behavioral tests showed that compared with normal control mice, CRF mice had impaired cognitive function. However, treatment of YGY extract significantly ameliorated the cognitive impairment of CRF mice. Additionally, decreased expressions of hippocampal CaMKIIα, p-CaMKIIα (Thr286), CREB1, p-CREB1 (Ser133), and BDNF were observed in the hippocampus of CRF mice, but YGY extract significantly restored these protein expressions. Moreover, hippocampal EPO, EPOR, p-EPOR (Tyr485), STAT5, AKT1, and HIF-2α, as well as the number of astrocytes in CA1 zone of hippocampus were also decreased in CRF mice, while YGY extract prominently promoted the expressions of these proteins and increased the number of astrocytes. CONCLUSIONS All the data in this study suggested that YGY extract ameliorated the cognitive impairment of CRF mice, and this amelioration was related to up-regulating the CaMKIIα/CREB/BDNF and EPO/EPOR pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qing Tang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Hui Ke
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Chao Wu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Jie Zeng
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Zhuohen Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Yang Liu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Shan Feng
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening from Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing 400715, China; Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica - the Key Discipline Constructed by the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Qiang Xue
- Chongqing Medical and Pharmaceutical College, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Xiaoyu Xu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening from Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing 400715, China; Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica - the Key Discipline Constructed by the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing 400715, China.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Zhang X, Zhang S, Gao B, Qian Z, Liu J, Wu S, Si J. Identification and quantitative analysis of phenolic glycosides with antioxidant activity in methanolic extract of Dendrobium catenatum flowers and selection of quality control herb-markers. Food Res Int 2019; 123:732-745. [PMID: 31285023 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2019.05.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Revised: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Recently, the flowers of Dendrobium catenatum (D. officinale) have been approved as new food ingredient. This study aimed to investigate the herb-markers and their antioxidant activities in methanolic extracts of D. catenatum flowers, and to establish the quality evaluation methods for raw materials and their products of flower by HPLC. The methanolic extract of 11 strains of D. catenatum flowers were found to contain a high content of total phenol and flavonoids, and they possessed potential antioxidant capacities based on DPPH radical scavenging assay. A total of 21 phenolic herb-markers were selected according to the similarity and principal component analysis of the chromatographic fingerprinting profiles. Their structures were further elucidated by UV, HPLC-DAD-ESI-QTOF-MS/MS and NMR analyses. The identified compounds included 2 phenylpropanoids, 11C-glycosylflavones and 6 O-glycosylflavones, which could be employed as the indicators for quantitative evaluation of the quality and authenticity of the flowers. Based on the pre-column DPPH/ABTS+-HPLC analysis, the major compounds contributed to the antioxidative activity were identified as 1-O-caffeoyl-β-D-glucoside, rutin and isoquercitrin, all of which, were also the most abundant constituents in the methanolic extract. The results suggest the potential of D. catenatum flowers as a new antioxidant resources for medicinal and food products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinfeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Sijie Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Beibei Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Zheng Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Jingjing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Shihua Wu
- Research Center of Siyuan Natural Pharmacy and Biotoxicology, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310058, China
| | - Jinping Si
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an, Hangzhou 311300, China.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Guex CG, Reginato FZ, de Jesus PR, Brondani JC, Lopes GHH, Bauermann LDF. Antidiabetic effects of Olea europaea L. leaves in diabetic rats induced by high-fat diet and low-dose streptozotocin. J Ethnopharmacol 2019; 235:1-7. [PMID: 30721736 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Revised: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, and dyslipidemia. It has broad occurrence worldwide, affecting millions of people, and can cause serious complications. The olive (Olea europaea L.) has important pharmacological functions, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and hypoglycemic activities. Olive leaves are used in traditional medicine for diabetes and hypertension. AIM OF THE STUDY To evaluate the effect of the ethanolic extract of olive leaves (EEOL) on the metabolism of rats with diabetes induced by a high-fat diet and low dose of streptozotocin (STZ). MATERIALS AND METHODS Male Wistar rats were either given normal feed or a high-fat diet (70% standard laboratory feed, 15% sucrose, 10% lard and 5% yolk powder) for four weeks, followed by administration of STZ (35 mg/kg, via ip). Animals with fasting glucose levels above 200 mg/dL were considered diabetic. Animals were divided into 5 groups, which received ethanol (10 mL/kg), metformin (250 mg/kg), or EEOL at doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg during 10 weeks by oral gavage. Blood samples were used to measure hematological and biochemical parameters, and kidneys were removed for posterior analysis. Body weight was recorded weekly. RESULTS A significant decrease in body weight was observed among diabetic animals treated with ethanol and EEOL compared to the control group. Moreover, animals treated with EEOL showed an improvement in glucose levels and in levels of inflammatory and metabolic markers when compared to diabetic animals. CONCLUSIONS The results indicate a potential anti-diabetic activity of olive leaves, however more studies are needed to validate clinical effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Camille Gaube Guex
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brasil.
| | - Fernanda Ziegler Reginato
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brasil.
| | - Patrícia Romualdo de Jesus
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brasil.
| | - Juliana Calil Brondani
- Departamento de Farmácia Industrial, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brasil.
| | - Gilberti Helena Hübscher Lopes
- Departamento de Tecnologia e Ciência dos Alimentos , Centro de Ciências Rurais, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brasil.
| | - Liliane de Freitas Bauermann
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brasil.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Feng W, Ao H, Peng C, Yan D. Gut microbiota, a new frontier to understand traditional Chinese medicines. Pharmacol Res 2019; 142:176-91. [PMID: 30818043 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2019.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 207] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Revised: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
As an important component of complementary and alternative medicines, traditional Chinese medicines (TCM) are gaining more and more attentions around the world because of the powerful therapeutic effects and less side effects. However, there are still some doubts about TCM because of the questionable TCM theories and unclear biological active compounds. In recent years, gut microbiota has emerged as an important frontier to understand the development and progress of diseases. Together with this trend, an increasing number of studies have indicated that drug molecules can interact with gut microbiota after oral administration. In this context, more and more studies pertaining to TCM have paid attention to gut microbiota and have yield rich information for understanding TCM. After oral administration, TCM can interact with gut microbiota: (1) TCM can modulate the composition of gut microbiota; (2) TCM can modulate the metabolism of gut microbiota; (3) gut microbiota can transform TCM compounds. During the interactions, two types of metabolites can be produced: gut microbiota metabolites (of food and host origin) and gut microbiota transformed TCM compounds. In this review, we summarized the interactions between TCM and gut microbiota, and the pharmacological effects and features of metabolites produced during interactions between TCM and gut microbiota. Then, focusing on gut microbiota and metabolites, we summarized the aspects in which gut microbiota has facilitated our understanding of TCM. At the end of this review, the outlooks for further research of TCM and gut microbiota were also discussed.
Collapse
|
31
|
Orsavová J, Hlaváčová I, Mlček J, Snopek L, Mišurcová L. Contribution of phenolic compounds, ascorbic acid and vitamin E to antioxidant activity of currant (Ribes L.) and gooseberry (Ribes uva-crispa L.) fruits. Food Chem 2019; 284:323-33. [PMID: 30744864 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.01.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Revised: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Berries of four gooseberry (Ribes uva-crispa L.) cultivars of Invicta, Rixanta, Karat and Black Negus and five currant (Ribes L.) cultivars of NS 11, Focus, Ben Gairn, Otelo and Viola were evaluated as potential sources of bioactive compounds with extraordinary antioxidant activity. Their total phenolic, flavonoid and anthocyanin contents were determined in the range of 3.52-30.77 g GA.kg-1, 2.83-17.35 g RE.kg-1 and 0.03-186.12 mg COG.100 g-1, respectively. Furthermore, quantification of phenolic compounds and vitamins was established by high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detection. Flavonoids were the most abundant phenolic substances in the range of 345.0-3726.5 mg.kg-1. Ascorbic acid and vitamin E were established in the amounts of 6.2-14.04 g.kg-1 and 0.43-12.85 mg.kg-1, respectively. Considering all analyzed factors and antioxidant activities determined by various methods (DPPH, ACW and ACL), red gooseberry Black Negus and black currant Otelo were the most significant cultivars.
Collapse
|
32
|
Abu-Reidah IM, Arráez-Román D, Al-Nuri M, Warad I, Segura-Carretero A. Untargeted metabolite profiling and phytochemical analysis of Micromeria fruticosa L. (Lamiaceae) leaves. Food Chem 2018; 279:128-143. [PMID: 30611472 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.11.144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Revised: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Micromeria fruticosa is an important crop, is widely used in the Mediterranean basin as food and in folk medicine, owing to its health-promoting properties, partially due to the secondary metabolite composition. However, complete information on the phyto-metabolites in M. fruticosa is still lacking. Plant leaves were extracted in methanol (80%), then the phyto-metabolites were separated on C18 column and an extensive characterization using UHPLC-DAD-ESI-QTOF-MS2 method in two ionization modes was established. A total of 215 phenolics and other compounds were tentatively identified, offering the first comprehensive study available on the phytochemicals from M. fruticosa. Over 180 phytochemicals (87 flavonoids, 41 phenolic acids, 16 terpenoids, 8 sulfate derivatives, 7 iridoids, and others) are reported in Micromeria for the first time. M. fruticosa can be a promising source of functional ingredients and has use in the food, pharma and nutraceutical industries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim M Abu-Reidah
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Avenida. Fuentenueva s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain; Research and Development Center of Functional Food (CIDAF), Health-Sciences Technological Park, Avenida del Conocimiento, 37, 18016 Granada, Spain; Industrial Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences, Arab American University, P.O. Box. 240, 13 Zababdeh-Jenin, Palestine.
| | - David Arráez-Román
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Avenida. Fuentenueva s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain; Research and Development Center of Functional Food (CIDAF), Health-Sciences Technological Park, Avenida del Conocimiento, 37, 18016 Granada, Spain.
| | - Mohammed Al-Nuri
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, An-Najah National University, P.O. Box. 7, 415 Nablus, Palestine
| | - Ismail Warad
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, An-Najah National University, P.O. Box. 7, 415 Nablus, Palestine
| | - Antonio Segura-Carretero
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Avenida. Fuentenueva s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain; Research and Development Center of Functional Food (CIDAF), Health-Sciences Technological Park, Avenida del Conocimiento, 37, 18016 Granada, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Kyriacou MC, El-Nakhel C, Graziani G, Pannico A, Soteriou GA, Giordano M, Ritieni A, De Pascale S, Rouphael Y. Functional quality in novel food sources: Genotypic variation in the nutritive and phytochemical composition of thirteen microgreens species. Food Chem 2018; 277:107-118. [PMID: 30502125 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.10.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Compositional variation was examined across 13 microgreens species/subspecies representing Brassicaceae, Chenopodiaceae, Lamiaceae, Malvaceae and Apiaceae, grown in controlled environment. Macro-mineral concentrations were determined by ion chromatography, chlorophyll and ascorbate concentrations, and hydrophilic/lipophilic antioxidant potentials by spectrophotometry, and major carotenoids by HPLC-DAD. Nitrate hyper-accumulators and wide genotypic differences in Na, K and S concentrations were identified. Antioxidant capacity was highest in brassicaceous microgreens and significant genotypic variation was demonstrated in chlorophyll and carotenoid concentrations. High phenolic content was confirmed in Lamiaceae microgreens, with significant varietal differences, and alternative phenolics-rich microgreens from the Apiaceae were identified. Twenty-eight phenolic compounds were variably detected and quantitated through Orbitrap LC-MS/MS with flavonol glycosides, flavones and flavone glycosides, and hydroxycinnamic acids representing 67.6, 24.8 and 7.6% of the mean total phenolic content across species, respectively. The obtained information is critical for selecting new species/varieties of microgreens that may satisfy demand for both taste and health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marios C Kyriacou
- Department of Vegetable Crops, Agricultural Research Institute, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Christophe El-Nakhel
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80055 Portici, Italy
| | - Giulia Graziani
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Antonio Pannico
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80055 Portici, Italy
| | - Georgios A Soteriou
- Department of Vegetable Crops, Agricultural Research Institute, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Maria Giordano
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80055 Portici, Italy
| | - Alberto Ritieni
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Stefania De Pascale
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80055 Portici, Italy
| | - Youssef Rouphael
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80055 Portici, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Fan L, Wang Y, Xie P, Zhang L, Li Y, Zhou J. Copigmentation effects of phenolics on color enhancement and stability of blackberry wine residue anthocyanins: Chromaticity, kinetics and structural simulation. Food Chem 2019; 275:299-308. [PMID: 30724200 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.09.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Revised: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
To expound the copigmentation effects of phenolics on blackberry wine residue anthocyanins (BWRA), the color and stability of BWRA with storage, thermal, light and oxidation treatments were evaluated by chromaticity, kinetics and structural simulation analysis. Results indicated that phenolic acids showed preferable copigmetation on BWRA solutions with the enhanced color, thermostability at 50-70 °C and light stability, whereas the degradation was accelerated at 90 °C. Meanwhile, flavonoids promoted the oxidation stability of BWRA. Of all the phenolic acids, ferulic acid presented the best copigmentation effect, and among the flavonoids rutin was the most active. Structural simulation suggested rutin and ferulic acid had the largest volume, potential energy (164.8 and 32.8 kcal/mol), minimized energy (39.2 and 11.3 kal/mol) and van der Waals energy (81.6 and 28.1 kcal/mol), respectively, which were favorable to the stabilization of the flavylium ion. The hydrogen bonding, π-π stacking and solvent effects were together involved in the copigmentation mechanism.
Collapse
|
35
|
Jiao Y, Kilmartin PA, Fan M, Quek SY. Assessment of phenolic contributors to antioxidant activity of new kiwifruit cultivars using cyclic voltammetry combined with HPLC. Food Chem 2018; 268:77-85. [PMID: 30064806 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.06.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2018] [Revised: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 06/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The phenolics profile of two new kiwifruit cultivars, Zespri® SunGold and Zespri® Sweet Green, were characterized and quantified for the first time using cyclic voltammetry, an electrochemical method, combined with HPLC. Results from the cyclic voltammetry revealed high correlations with those obtained from the spectrophotometry and HPLC methods, providing evidence to support the application of cyclic voltammetry as a rapid method in determining the phenolic profile and reducing power of kiwifruit extracts. Catechol-containing phenolics were identified as the major phenolic sub-class in the skins while flavonoids and phenolic acids were abundant in flesh of the tested cultivars. Epicatechin was the predominant phenolic compound and contributor to antioxidant capacity in all samples. Results also showed that SunGold and Sweet Green (both flesh and skin) exhibited significantly higher phenolic contents and antioxidant activities comparing with the well-established commercial 'Hayward' cultivar, indicating their commercial value and potential applications in food and nutraceuticals.
Collapse
|
36
|
Vázquez-Sánchez K, Martinez-Saez N, Rebollo-Hernanz M, Del Castillo MD, Gaytán-Martínez M, Campos-Vega R. In vitro health promoting properties of antioxidant dietary fiber extracted from spent coffee (Coffee arabica L.) grounds. Food Chem 2018; 261:253-259. [PMID: 29739591 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.04.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Revised: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Antioxidant dietary fiber extracted from spent coffee grounds (FSCG) was evaluated as a potential functional food ingredient when incorporated in a food model (biscuits), and digested in vitro under simulated human gastrointestinal conditions. FSCG added to biscuits increased its total dietary fiber, antioxidant capacity after in vitro digestion, bioaccessibility of phenolic compounds (gallic acid and catechin) and amino acids. Furthermore, advanced glycation end products (AGEs), involved in chronic diseases, decreased up to 6-folds in the biscuits containing FSCG when compared with the traditional biscuit. The digestible fraction of biscuits containing the highest amount of FSCG (5 g) displayed the higher inhibiting α-glucosidase activity, correlating with the bioaccessibility of ascorbic acid and catechin. Our study seems to indicate that anti-diabetic compounds may be released in the small intestine during FSCG digestion, where biscuits containing FSCG may be able to beneficially regulate sugar metabolism thereby helping in producing foods friendly for diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kenia Vázquez-Sánchez
- Programa en Alimentos del Centro de la Republica (PROPAC), Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Querétaro, Qro 76010, Mexico
| | - Nuria Martinez-Saez
- Institute of Food Science Research (CIAL, CSIC-UAM), Food Bioscience Group, Nicolás Cabrera, 9, Campus de Cantoblanco, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Miguel Rebollo-Hernanz
- Institute of Food Science Research (CIAL, CSIC-UAM), Food Bioscience Group, Nicolás Cabrera, 9, Campus de Cantoblanco, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Maria Dolores Del Castillo
- Institute of Food Science Research (CIAL, CSIC-UAM), Food Bioscience Group, Nicolás Cabrera, 9, Campus de Cantoblanco, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Marcela Gaytán-Martínez
- Programa en Alimentos del Centro de la Republica (PROPAC), Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Querétaro, Qro 76010, Mexico
| | - Rocio Campos-Vega
- Programa en Alimentos del Centro de la Republica (PROPAC), Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Querétaro, Qro 76010, Mexico.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Martí R, Valcárcel M, Leiva-Brondo M, Lahoz I, Campillo C, Roselló S, Cebolla-Cornejo J. Influence of controlled deficit irrigation on tomato functional value. Food Chem 2018; 252:250-257. [PMID: 29478538 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.01.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Revised: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The effect of controlled deficit irrigation (CDI) on the accumulation of carotenoids, polyphenols and l-ascorbic acid was studied in conventional and high lycopene tomato cultivars. Plants were initially irrigated to cover 100%ETc and after the fruit set phase, the dose was reduced to 75% or 50% of ETc. CDI had no significant effect on the accumulation of carotenoids, while it increased the levels of the hydroxycinnamic acids chlorogenic and ferulic acids, the flavonoid rutin and l-ascorbic acid. Nevertheless, there were important interactions and this effect was highly dependent on the year and site of cultivation. Certain growing areas would be more favorable to supply high quality markets, and, fortunately, CDI would maximize polyphenol (100-75%ETc) and l-ascorbic acid (100-50%ETc) in these areas. A combination of the best genotype and growing area with CDI would offer high quality products, preserving a scarce resource: water.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raúl Martí
- Universitat Politècnica de València, Unidad Mixta de Investigación Mejora de la Calidad Agroalimentaria UJI-UPV, COMAV, Cno. de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain.
| | - Mercedes Valcárcel
- Universitat Jaume I, Unidad Mixta de Investigación Mejora de la Calidad Agroalimentaria UJI-UPV, Departament de Ciències Agràries i del Medi Natural, Avda. Sos Baynat s/n, 12071 Castellón, Spain.
| | - Miguel Leiva-Brondo
- Universitat Politècnica de València, Unidad Mixta de Investigación Mejora de la Calidad Agroalimentaria UJI-UPV, COMAV, Cno. de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain.
| | - Inmaculada Lahoz
- Instituto Navarro de Tecnologías e Infraestructuras Agroalimentarias (INTIA), Avda. Serapio Huici, 20-22, 31060 Villava Navarra, Spain.
| | - Carlos Campillo
- Centro de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas de Extremadura (CICYTEX), Ctra. A-V, km 372, 06187 Guadajira Badajoz, Spain.
| | - Salvador Roselló
- Universitat Jaume I, Unidad Mixta de Investigación Mejora de la Calidad Agroalimentaria UJI-UPV, Departament de Ciències Agràries i del Medi Natural, Avda. Sos Baynat s/n, 12071 Castellón, Spain.
| | - Jaime Cebolla-Cornejo
- Universitat Politècnica de València, Unidad Mixta de Investigación Mejora de la Calidad Agroalimentaria UJI-UPV, COMAV, Cno. de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Tang Q, Yang S, Tong J, Li X, Wu J, Wang S, Zhang J, Chen Y, Xu X. Hemostasis and uterine contraction promoting effect of the extract from drugs in the Zi-Yin-Tiao-Jing granule, a traditional Chinese compound preparation. J Ethnopharmacol 2018; 211:278-284. [PMID: 28964870 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2017.09.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Revised: 08/20/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Zi-Yin-Tiao-Jing granule (ZG) is a traditional Chinese medicine compound preparation for perimenopausal dysfunctional uterine bleeding. It is made from 9 Chinese crude drugs based on a modified traditional Chinese prescription recorded in Fu Qingzhu Nvke as Guben Zhibeng Tang. AIM OF THE STUDY This study aimed to investigate the hemostasis and uterine contraction promoting effect of quality controlled ZG extract on animals as a preclinical study. MATERIALS AND METHODS ZG extract was quality controlled by determining the contents of asperosaponin Ⅵ and tetrahydroxystilbene glucoside (TSG) with high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and the contents of total tannins, total saponins and total flavonoids with ultraviolet spectrophotometry (UV). Bleeding time, clotting time, prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) and fibrinogen (FIB) content were assayed to test the hemostasis effect of ZG extract on sixty healthy female Kunming mice. In addition, ten healthy female Sprague-Dawley rats were used to test the effect of ZG extract on uterine contractions in vitro with the BL-420 Biological Function Experiment System. RESULTS The ZG extract contained 0.81mgg-1 asperosaponin Ⅵ, 0.15mgg-1 TSG, 1.98mgg-1 total tannins, 1.83mgg-1 total saponins, and 4.09mgg-1 total flavonoids. Compared with placebo, the ZG extract shortened the bleeding time at a dosage of 1.2gkg-1 and 2.4gkg-1, and shortened the clotting time at 0.6gkg-1, 1.2gkg-1 and 2.4gkg-1 in mice (P < 0.01). It also decurtated the APTT at a dosage of 0.6gkg-1 (P < 0.05) and raised the content of FIB in the plasma at a dosage of 2.4gkg-1 (P < 0.05). However, the PT showed no changes after the administration of ZG extract (P > 0.05). In addition, ZG extract at the doses of 1.8mgmL-1, 3.6mgmL-1, and 5.4mgmL-1 increased the amplitude and motoricity of uterine contractions of rats (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01) but maintained the frequency as unchanged. CONCLUSIONS The ZG extract was quality controllable by assaying for asperosaponin Ⅵ, TSG, total tannins, total saponins and total flavonoids. It could promote the hemostasis of mice in vivo, as well as the uterine contractions of rats in vitro. Therefore, it may be a promising preparation for clinical treatment of perimenopausal dysfunctional uterine bleeding.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qing Tang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Chinese Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Sheng Yang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Chinese Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Jie Tong
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Chinese Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Xu Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Chinese Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Junjie Wu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Chinese Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Senhong Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Chinese Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; Liangjiang medicine Co., Ltd., Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Jifen Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Chinese Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening from Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing 400715, China; Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, The Key Discipline Constructed by the State Administrative of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Yi Chen
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Chinese Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening from Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing 400715, China; Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, The Key Discipline Constructed by the State Administrative of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Xiaoyu Xu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Chinese Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening from Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing 400715, China; Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, The Key Discipline Constructed by the State Administrative of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing 400715, China.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Rajagopal C, Lankadasari MB, Aranjani JM, Harikumar KB. Targeting oncogenic transcription factors by polyphenols: A novel approach for cancer therapy. Pharmacol Res 2018; 130:273-291. [PMID: 29305909 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2017.12.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Revised: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 12/31/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation is one of the major causative factor of cancer and chronic inflammation is involved in all the major steps of cancer initiation, progression metastasis and drug resistance. The molecular mechanism of inflammation driven cancer is the complex interplay between oncogenic and tumor suppressive transcription factors which include FOXM1, NF-kB, STAT3, Wnt/β- Catenin, HIF-1α, NRF2, androgen and estrogen receptors. Several products derived from natural sources modulate the expression and activity of multiple transcription factors in various tumor models as evident from studies conducted in cell lines, pre-clinical models and clinical samples. Further combination of these natural products along with currently approved cancer therapies added an additional advantage and they considered as promising targets for prevention and treatment of inflammation and cancer. In this review we discuss the application of multi-targeting natural products by analyzing the literature and future directions for their plausible applications in drug discovery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chitra Rajagopal
- Cancer Research Program, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram 695014, Kerala, India
| | - Manendra Babu Lankadasari
- Cancer Research Program, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram 695014, Kerala, India
| | - Jesil Mathew Aranjani
- Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - K B Harikumar
- Cancer Research Program, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram 695014, Kerala, India.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Kwaw E, Ma Y, Tchabo W, Apaliya MT, Wu M, Sackey AS, Xiao L, Tahir HE. Effect of lactobacillus strains on phenolic profile, color attributes and antioxidant activities of lactic-acid-fermented mulberry juice. Food Chem 2018; 250:148-154. [PMID: 29412905 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 197] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2017] [Revised: 12/30/2017] [Accepted: 01/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate the effect of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) strains on color properties, phenolic profile and antioxidant activities of mulberry juice. Mulberry juice was separately fermented at 37 °C for 36 h using Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus acidophilus and Lactobacillus paracasei. The results showed that lactic acid fermentation impacted on the color of the juice. Moreover, the study demonstrated that LABs impacted on the phenolic profile of the juice. Syringic acid, cyanidin-3-O-rutinoside and quercetin were the predominant phenolic acid, anthocyanin and flavonol respectively in the lactic-acid-fermented mulberry juice. The degree of radical scavenging activity was species-specific with the L. plantarum fermented juice having the highest radical scavenging activities. The correlation analysis demonstrated that flavonols and anthocyanins were mostly responsible for the increased in 2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) scavenging activity while phenolic acids and flavonols were responsible for 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl scavenging activity and reducing power capacity of the fermented juice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Kwaw
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China; School of Applied Sciences and Arts, Cape Coast Technical University, P. O. Box AD50, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Yongkun Ma
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China.
| | - William Tchabo
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China
| | - Maurice Tibiru Apaliya
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China
| | - Meng Wu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China
| | - Augustina Sackle Sackey
- School of Applied Sciences and Arts, Cape Coast Technical University, P. O. Box AD50, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Lulu Xiao
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China
| | - Haroon Elrasheid Tahir
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Arruda HS, Pereira GA, de Morais DR, Eberlin MN, Pastore GM. Determination of free, esterified, glycosylated and insoluble-bound phenolics composition in the edible part of araticum fruit (Annona crassiflora Mart.) and its by-products by HPLC-ESI-MS/MS. Food Chem 2017; 245:738-749. [PMID: 29287435 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.11.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Revised: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Phenolics present in the free, esterified, glycosylated and insoluble-bound forms of araticum pulp, peel and seed were for the first time characterized and quantified using HPLC-ESI-MS/MS. Levels of total phenolics, flavonoids, condensed tannins and antioxidant activities from araticum fruit followed the order peel > pulp > seed. Overall, insoluble-bound and esterified phenolics were the dominant forms of phenolics from araticum fruit parts and the highest contributors to their antioxidant activities. Extracts were found to contain contrasting levels of phenolics that were specific to each fruit part. From 10 phenolics quantified in araticum fruit, catechin and epicatechin were the major ones from pulp and peel, whereas seed displayed caffeic acid, catechin and epicatechin as its main phenolics. Araticum fruit was found to provide a good source of phenolics, and the full exploitation of this fruit may find applications in the food, cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Henrique Silvano Arruda
- Bioflavors and Bioactive Compounds Laboratory, Department of Food Science, School of Food Engineering, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Gustavo Araujo Pereira
- Bioflavors and Bioactive Compounds Laboratory, Department of Food Science, School of Food Engineering, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Damila Rodrigues de Morais
- Thomson Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcos Nogueira Eberlin
- Thomson Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Glaucia Maria Pastore
- Bioflavors and Bioactive Compounds Laboratory, Department of Food Science, School of Food Engineering, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Li LJ, Wu ZY, Yu Y, Zhang LJ, Zhu YB, Ni H, Chen F. Development and characterization of an α-l-rhamnosidase mutant with improved thermostability and a higher efficiency for debittering orange juice. Food Chem 2017; 245:1070-1078. [PMID: 29287324 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.11.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2017] [Revised: 11/11/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The glycoside hydrolase, α-l-rhamnosidase, could remove the bitter taste of naringin from citrus juices. However, most α-l-rhamnosidases are easily deactivated at high temperatures, limiting the practice in debittering citrus juices. The V529A mutant of the α-l-rhamnosidase r-Rha1 from Aspergillus niger JMU-TS528 was developed with improved thermostability using directed evolution technology and site-directed mutagenesis. The enzyme mutant had a half-live of thermal inactivation T(1/2) of 1.92 h, 25.00 min, and 2 min at 60, 65, and 70 °C, respectively. In addition, it had improved substrate affinity and better resistance to the inhibition of glucose. The improved substrate affinity was related to its lowered binding energy. Most significantly, the naringin content was reduced to below the bitter taste threshold by treatment with 75 U/mL of the mutant during the preheating process of orange juice production. The comprehensive results indicate that thermostability improvement could promote the practical value of α-l-rhamnosidase in citrus juice processing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li Jun Li
- College of Food and Biology Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian Province 361021, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Enzyme Engineering, Xiamen, Fujian Province 361021, China; Research Center of Food Biotechnology of Xiamen City, Xiamen, Fujian Province 361021, China
| | - Zhe Yu Wu
- College of Food and Biology Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian Province 361021, China
| | - Yue Yu
- College of Food and Biology Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian Province 361021, China
| | - Lu Jia Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 201100, China
| | - Yan Bing Zhu
- College of Food and Biology Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian Province 361021, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Enzyme Engineering, Xiamen, Fujian Province 361021, China; Research Center of Food Biotechnology of Xiamen City, Xiamen, Fujian Province 361021, China
| | - Hui Ni
- College of Food and Biology Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian Province 361021, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Enzyme Engineering, Xiamen, Fujian Province 361021, China; Research Center of Food Biotechnology of Xiamen City, Xiamen, Fujian Province 361021, China.
| | - Feng Chen
- College of Food and Biology Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian Province 361021, China; Department of Food, Nutrition and Packaging Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Siracusa L, Patanè C, Rizzo V, Cosentino SL, Ruberto G. Targeted secondary metabolic and physico-chemical traits analysis to assess genetic variability within a germplasm collection of "long storage" tomatoes. Food Chem 2017; 244:275-283. [PMID: 29120782 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.10.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Revised: 10/04/2017] [Accepted: 10/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
"Long storage" tomato is a crop traditionally cultivated in the Mediterranean area under no water supply, that recently has attracted the interest of breeders for its high tolerance to drought and as potential genetic source in breeding programs for water stress resistance. A collection of 28 genotypes of "long storage" tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) was studied for carotenoid and polyphenol profile and content, vitamin C, and other physico-chemical traits of fruits. Tomato carotenoids and polyphenols were identified and quantified using high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with diode array detection and electrospray-mass spectrometry (HPLC/DAD/ESI-MS); nineteen different phenolic compounds and six different carotenoids, for a total of 25 markers, have been detected, quantified and used to discriminate among the different landraces to find out which could be the best candidate for a medium-to-large scale cultivation. Different statistical approaches (ANOVA, Principal Components Analysis, Cluster Analysis) have been used for data analysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Siracusa
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche - Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare (CNR-ICB), Via Paolo Gaifami 18, 95126 Catania, Italy.
| | - Cristina Patanè
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche - Istituto per la Valorizzazione del Legno e delle Specie Arboree (CNR-IVALSA), Via Paolo Gaifami 18, 95126 Catania, Italy.
| | - Valeria Rizzo
- Di3A - Dipartimento di Agricoltura, Alimentazione ed Ambiente - Università degli Studi di Catania, Via Santa Sofia, 100, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Salvatore Luciano Cosentino
- Di3A - Dipartimento di Agricoltura, Alimentazione ed Ambiente - Università degli Studi di Catania, Via Santa Sofia, 100, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Ruberto
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche - Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare (CNR-ICB), Via Paolo Gaifami 18, 95126 Catania, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Fu X, Cheng S, Liao Y, Huang B, Du B, Zeng W, Jiang Y, Duan X, Yang Z. Comparative analysis of pigments in red and yellow banana fruit. Food Chem 2017; 239:1009-1018. [PMID: 28873516 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.07.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Revised: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Color is an important characteristic determining the fruit value. Although ripe bananas usually have yellow peels, several banana cultivars have red peels. As details of the pigments in banana fruits are unknown, we investigated these pigments contents and compositions in the peel and pulp of red cultivar 'Hongjiaowang' and yellow cultivar 'Baxijiao' by UPLC-PDA-QTOF-MS and HPLC-PDA techniques. The 'Hongjiaowang' peel color was mainly determined by the presence of anthocyanin-containing epidermal cells. Rutinoside derivatives of cyanidin, peonidin, petunidin, and malvidin were unique to the red peel, and possibly responsible for the red color. 'Hongjiaowang' contained higher total content of carotenoids than 'Baxijiao' in both pulp and peel. Lutein, α-carotene, and β-carotene were main carotenoids, which might play a more important role than flavonoids in producing the yellow banana color owing to the properties and distribution in the fruit. The information will help us understand a complete profile of pigments in banana.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiumin Fu
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xingke Road 723, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Sihua Cheng
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xingke Road 723, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510650, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19 A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yinyin Liao
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xingke Road 723, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Bingzhi Huang
- Institute of Fruit Tree Research, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Bing Du
- College of Food, South China Agricultural University, Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Wei Zeng
- Waters Technologies (Shanghai) Ltd., No. 1000 Jinhai Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yueming Jiang
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xingke Road 723, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Xuewu Duan
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xingke Road 723, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Ziyin Yang
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xingke Road 723, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510650, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19 A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China.
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Li F, Zhang B, Chen G, Fu X. The novel contributors of anti-diabetic potential in mulberry polyphenols revealed by UHPLC-HR-ESI-TOF-MS/MS. Food Res Int 2017; 100:873-884. [PMID: 28873762 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2017.06.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Revised: 06/18/2017] [Accepted: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
To explore the comprehensive phenolic profile of mulberry (Morus alba L.) fruit and reveal the novel anti-diabetic constituents, mulberry polyphenols (MP) were fractionated through gradient ethanol elution and subjected to composition and bioactivity analysis. Forty-seven phenolic compounds were identified and quantified through UHPLC-HR-ESI-TOF-MS/MS, including twenty-one newly identified compounds such as delphinidin 3-rutinoside-5-glucoside and cyanidin 3-rutinoside dimer. The antioxidant activity and anti-diabetic potential of fractionated MP were analyzed in vitro and ex vivo with HepG2 and pancreatic β-cell RIN-m5F. Hierarchical cluster analysis and Pearson correlation coefficients revealed compounds such as syringic acid and galloylcyanidin-glycoside contributed most to inhibit α-glucosidase activity. Quercetin and cyanidin-glycosides were essential for cellular antioxidant activity. Dihydroquercetin and 1,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid were newly identified and validated as the main contributors after rutin to protect RIN-m5F cells against glucotoxicity. Such findings suggest the promising role of MP for type II diabetics and lay the foundation of further utilization and investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fuhua Li
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Gu Chen
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China.
| | - Xiong Fu
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China.
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Martí R, Leiva-Brondo M, Lahoz I, Campillo C, Cebolla-Cornejo J, Roselló S. Polyphenol and l-ascorbic acid content in tomato as influenced by high lycopene genotypes and organic farming at different environments. Food Chem 2017; 239:148-156. [PMID: 28873552 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.06.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Revised: 06/13/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The accumulation of polyphenols and l-ascorbic acid was evaluated under conventional (integrated pest management, IPM) and organic farming, as means to increase the accumulation of chemoprotective compounds. The effect of genotype was considerably higher than the growing system, in fact it is determining. 'Kalvert', a high-lycopene cultivar, outstood for the accumulation of most polyphenols, though low-carotenoid cultivars with high accumulation were also detected. Organic farming significantly increased the levels of caffeic acid by 20%, but reduced those of ferulic acid and naringenin by 13% and 15% respectively. A strong interaction with the environment was detected: in Navarra the differences were limited, while in Extremadura lower contents of ferulic acid and higher contents of chlorogenic acid and rutin were found in organic farming for certain cultivars. The effect of organic farming on l-ascorbic acid was dependent on cultivar and environment and it only led to an increase in Extremadura by 58%.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raúl Martí
- Unidad Mixta de Investigación Mejora de la Calidad Agroalimentaria UJI-UPV, Departament de Ciències Agràries i del Medi Natural, Universitat Jaume I, Avda. Sos Baynat s/n, 12071 Castelló de la Plana, Spain.
| | - Miguel Leiva-Brondo
- Unidad Mixta de Investigación Mejora de la Calidad Agroalimentaria UJI-UPV. COMAV. Universitat Politècnica de València, Cno. De Vera s/n, 46022 València, Spain.
| | - Inmaculada Lahoz
- Instituto Navarro de Tecnologías e Infraestructuras Agroalimentarias (INTIA), Avda. Serapio Huici, 20-22, 31060 Villava Navarra, Spain.
| | - Carlos Campillo
- Centro de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas de Extremadura (CICYTEX), Ctra. A-V, km 372, 06187 Guadajira (Badajoz), Spain.
| | - Jaime Cebolla-Cornejo
- Unidad Mixta de Investigación Mejora de la Calidad Agroalimentaria UJI-UPV. COMAV. Universitat Politècnica de València, Cno. De Vera s/n, 46022 València, Spain.
| | - Salvador Roselló
- Unidad Mixta de Investigación Mejora de la Calidad Agroalimentaria UJI-UPV, Departament de Ciències Agràries i del Medi Natural, Universitat Jaume I, Avda. Sos Baynat s/n, 12071 Castelló de la Plana, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Mari A, Ciocarlan A, Aiello N, Scartezzini F, Pizza C, D'Ambrosio M. Research survey on iridoid and phenylethanoid glycosides among seven populations of Euphrasia rostkoviana Hayne from the Alps. Phytochemistry 2017; 137:72-80. [PMID: 28233528 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2017.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2016] [Revised: 02/02/2017] [Accepted: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The traditional use of extracts of Euphrasia rostkoviana to relieve ocular inflammation or infections is well documented and supported by clinical studies. Various classes of chemical compounds such as iridoids, phenylethanoids, flavonoids and hydroxycinnamic acids have been reported. The present work aims to assess the chemical diversity among seven populations of Euphrasia rostkoviana found in northern Italy. A meticulous separation of components led to the isolation and structural characterization of two previously unrecorded phenylethanoids methoxycrassifolioside and deoxycrassifolioside and one previously undescribed terpene glucoside (1E,6E)-8-hydroxy-3,7-dimethyl-octa-1,6-dienyl 1-O-β-D-glucopyranoside. We have also identified known phenylethanoids and iridoids that are reported in this genus for the first time. Finally, a targeted quantitative analysis for the standardization of herbal preparations revealed that iridoids occur in all populations whereas the presence and the levels of rutin and phenylethanoids are highly variable.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Angela Mari
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Salerno, 84084 Fisciano (SA), Italy
| | - Alexandru Ciocarlan
- Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, Department of Physics, Università degli Studi di Trento, 38123 Trento, Italy
| | - Nicola Aiello
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Forest Monitoring and Management Research Unit, 38123 Trento, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Scartezzini
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Forest Monitoring and Management Research Unit, 38123 Trento, Italy
| | - Cosimo Pizza
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Salerno, 84084 Fisciano (SA), Italy
| | - Michele D'Ambrosio
- Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, Department of Physics, Università degli Studi di Trento, 38123 Trento, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Calil Brondani J, Reginato FZ, da Silva Brum E, de Souza Vencato M, Lima Lhamas C, Viana C, da Rocha MIUM, de Freitas Bauermann L, Manfron MP. Evaluation of acute and subacute toxicity of hydroethanolic extract of Dolichandra unguis-cati L. leaves in rats. J Ethnopharmacol 2017; 202:147-153. [PMID: 28288826 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2017.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Revised: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Dolichandra unguis-cati L. is a native climbing plant of Brazil, popularly known as "unha de gato". It has been traditionally used mainly as an antipyretic, anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor agent, yet little toxicological information is found in the literature. AIM OF THE STUDY To identify the chemical composition of the hydroethanolic extract obtained from the leaves of Dolichandra uniguis-cati and to evaluate the acute and subacute toxicity in male and female rats, in order to assess the safety profile of this plant. MATERIALS AND METHODS In the acute study, a single dose (2000mg/kg) of the extract was orally administered to male and female rats. In the subacute study, the extract was orally administered to male and female rats at doses 100, 200 and 400mg/kg for 28 days. Behavioral changes, catalase and tbars evaluations, biochemical, hematological and histopathological analysis were determined. The extract' chemical composition was accessed through UHPLC/MS. RESULTS Chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, ferulic acid, vanillinic acid, p-coumaric acid, rosmarinic acid, trans-cinnamic acid, luteolin, apigenin, quercitrin and quercetin were identified in the extract. In the acute treatment, the extract was classified as safe (category 5), according to the OECD guide. In relation to the subacute study, females showed a reduction in AST (100, 200 and 400mg/kg), ALT (200mg/kg) and BUN (100 and 200mg/kg) levels, while male rats 400mg/kg presented an increase in AST levels. The Chol dosage significantly decreased in female rats in a dose-dependent manner, whereas for male rats this parameter showed no statistically significant reductions. No behavioral and histopathological changes were recorded. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that the hydroethanolic extract of Dolichandra unguis-cati leaves did not present relevant toxic effects when administered orally to male and female rats. The extract also showed a potential hypocholesterolemic activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Calil Brondani
- Department of Industrial Pharmacy, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
| | - Fernanda Ziegler Reginato
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Evelyne da Silva Brum
- Department of Histology and Pharmacology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Marina de Souza Vencato
- Department of Histology and Pharmacology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Cibele Lima Lhamas
- Veterinary Hospital, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Carine Viana
- Department of Industrial Pharmacy, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | | | | | - Melânia Palermo Manfron
- Department of Industrial Pharmacy, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Yang Y, Nian H, Tang X, Wang X, Liu R. Effects of the combined Herba Epimedii and Fructus Ligustri Lucidi on bone turnover and TGF-β1/Smads pathway in GIOP rats. J Ethnopharmacol 2017; 201:91-99. [PMID: 28254481 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2017.02.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Revised: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Kidney deficiency is the main pathogenesis of osteoporosis based on the theory of "kidney governing bones" in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). Combined Herba Epimedii and Fructus Ligustri Lucidi, based on traditional Chinese formula Er-Zhi pills, were frequently used in TCM formulas that were prescribed for kidney tonifying and bone strengthening. However, it is unclear whether the combination of the two herbs may have a protective influence on glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis (GIOP). The objective of this study was to evaluate the therapeutic effects and the underlying molecular mechanism of the decoction and the active fractions of the combined herbs in GIOP rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into seven groups, including the normal control (NC), GIOP model (MO), active fractions low (100mg/kg, LAF), active fractions high (200mg/kg, HAF), decoction low (3.5g/kg, LD), decoction high (7g/kg, HD) and Calcium with Vitamin D3 (0.2773g/kg, CaD)-treated group. The GIOP model was established by intramuscular injection of dexamethasone (1mg/kg) twice a week for 8 weeks. Different kinds of indicators were measured, including bone mineral density (BMD), bone biomechanical properties, serum bone alkaline phosphatase (b-ALP), serum bone γ-carboxyglutamic acid-containing protein (BGP), serum bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2), serum tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRACP) and serum carboxy terminal cross linked telopeptide of typeⅠcollagen (ICTP), bone mineral content (BMC) and bone structured histomorphometry. The protein and mRNA expression of TGF-β1, Smad2, Smad3, Smad4 and Smad7 were detected by Western blotting (WB) and quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), respectively. RESULTS Administration of combined Herba Epimedii and Fructus Ligustri Lucidi decoction and combined active fractions could significantly prevent GC-induced bone loss by increasing the contents of serum b-ALP, BGP and BMP-2 as the markers of bone formation, reducing the serum TRACP and ICTP contents to inhibit bone resorption and enhancing BMC. They could also attenuate biomechanical properties and BMD reduction, deterioration of trabecular architecture in MO rats. The mRNA and protein expressions of TGF-β1, smad2, smad3 and smad4 were up-regulated, and the mRNA and protein expression of Smad7 was down-regulated following combined Herba Epimedii and Fructus Ligustri Lucidi treatment. CONCLUSION Combination of Herba Epimedii and Fructus Ligustri Lucidi exhibited protective effects on promoting bone formation and precluding bone resorption. The underlying mechanism may be attributed to its regulations on TGF-β1/Smads pathway. The substance bases of the combined herbs on anti-osteoporosis were total flavonoids of Herba Epimedii, total iridoids and flavonoids of Fructus Ligustri Lucidi.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Yang
- Beijing Key Lab of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, No.10 Xitoutiao, Youanmenwai, Fengtai District, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Honglei Nian
- Beijing Key Lab of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, No.10 Xitoutiao, Youanmenwai, Fengtai District, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Xiufeng Tang
- Beijing Key Lab of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, No.10 Xitoutiao, Youanmenwai, Fengtai District, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Xiujuan Wang
- Beijing Key Lab of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, No.10 Xitoutiao, Youanmenwai, Fengtai District, Beijing 100069, China.
| | - Renhui Liu
- Beijing Key Lab of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, No.10 Xitoutiao, Youanmenwai, Fengtai District, Beijing 100069, China.
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Belwal T, Giri L, Bhatt ID, Rawal RS, Pande V. An improved method for extraction of nutraceutically important polyphenolics from Berberis jaeschkeana C.K. Schneid. fruits. Food Chem 2017; 230:657-666. [PMID: 28407963 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.03.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2017] [Revised: 03/12/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Berberis jaeschkeana fruits, source of nutraceutically important polyphenolics were investigated. A total of 32 experimental run were conducted under Plackett-Burman and central composite design. Microwave power, methanol and HCl concentration significantly (p<0.05) affect extraction of polyphenols under linear, quadratic and interactive effect. The model showed good fitness with significant (p<0.05) model F-value and a non-significant lack of fit. Under optimum microwave assisted extraction (MAE) condition the total phenolics, flavonoids, tannins and antioxidant activity were in closed context with predicted values. As compared to ultrasonic (UAE) and maceration extraction (ME), MAE showed significantly (p<0.05) higher recovery of TP, TF and FRAP antioxidant activity. HPLC-DAD analysis detects a total of 10 polyphenolic compounds under MAE as compared to 9 under UAE and ME. Designing of MAE conditions showed promising results for polyphenolic antioxidants extraction as revealed by higher yield with lesser time and solvent consumption, which can contribute in green extraction technology and its application in nutraceutical industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tarun Belwal
- G.B. Pant National Institute of Himalayan Environment and Sustainable Development, Kosi Katarmal, Almora-263643, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Lalit Giri
- G.B. Pant National Institute of Himalayan Environment and Sustainable Development, Kosi Katarmal, Almora-263643, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Indra D Bhatt
- G.B. Pant National Institute of Himalayan Environment and Sustainable Development, Kosi Katarmal, Almora-263643, Uttarakhand, India.
| | - Ranbeer S Rawal
- G.B. Pant National Institute of Himalayan Environment and Sustainable Development, Kosi Katarmal, Almora-263643, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Veena Pande
- Department of Biotechnology, Kumaun University, Nainital, India
| |
Collapse
|