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Sun C, Zhang Y, Liu M, Liu Z, Pan L, Liang H, Liu N, Li S, Niu D, Li X, Li B, Cui L, Yao J, Xiao X, Zhang G. Shouhui Tongbian Capsules induce regression of inflammation to improve intestinal barrier in mice with constipation by targeted binding to Prkaa1: With no obvious toxicity. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 161:114495. [PMID: 36906969 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Constipation arising from the poor bowel movement is a rife enteric health problem. Shouhui Tongbian Capsule (SHTB) is a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) which effectively improve the symptoms of constipation. However, the mechanism has not been fully evaluated. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of SHTB on the symptoms and intestinal barrier of mice with constipation. Our data showed that SHTB effectively improved the constipation induced by diphenoxylate, which was confirmed by shorter first defecation time, higher internal propulsion rate and fecal water content. Additionally, SHTB improved the intestinal barrier function, which was manifested by inhibiting the leakage of Evans blue in intestinal tissues and increasing the expression of occludin and ZO-1. SHTB inhibited NLRP3 inflammasome signaling pathway and TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway, reduced the number of proinflammatory cell subsets and increased the number of immunosuppressive cell subsets to relieve inflammation. The photochemically induced reaction coupling system combined with cellular thermal shift assay and central carbon metabolomics technology confirmed that SHTB activated AMPKα through targeted binding to Prkaa1 to regulate Glycolysis/Gluconeogenesis and Pentose Phosphate Pathway, and finally inhibited intestinal inflammation. Finally, no obvious toxicity related to SHTB was found in a repeated drug administration toxicity test for consecutive 13 weeks. Collectively, we reported SHTB as a TCM targeting Prkaa1 for anti-inflammation to improve intestinal barrier in mice with constipation. These findings broaden our knowledge of Prkaa1 as a druggable target protein for inflammation inhibition, and open a new avenue to novel therapy strategy for constipation injury.
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Saponara S, Fusi F, Iovinelli D, Ahmed A, Trezza A, Spiga O, Sgaragli G, Valoti M. Flavonoids and hERG channels: Friends or foes? Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 899:174030. [PMID: 33727059 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The cardiac action potential is regulated by several ion channels. Drugs capable to block these channels, in particular the human ether-à-go-go-related gene (hERG) channel, also known as KV11.1 channel, may lead to a potentially lethal ventricular tachyarrhythmia called "Torsades de Pointes". Thus, evaluation of the hERG channel off-target activity of novel chemical entities is nowadays required to safeguard patients as well as to avoid attrition in drug development. Flavonoids, a large class of natural compounds abundantly present in food, beverages, herbal medicines, and dietary food supplements, generally escape this assessment, though consumed in consistent amounts. Continuously growing evidence indicates that these compounds may interact with the hERG channel and block it. The present review, by examining numerous studies, summarizes the state-of-the-art in this field, describing the most significant examples of direct and indirect inhibition of the hERG channel current operated by flavonoids. A description of the molecular interactions between a few of these natural molecules and the Rattus norvegicus channel protein, achieved by an in silico approach, is also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Saponara
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Università degli Studi di Siena, via A. Moro 2, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Fabio Fusi
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Siena, via A. Moro 2, 53100, Siena, Italy.
| | - Daniele Iovinelli
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Siena, via A. Moro 2, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Amer Ahmed
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Università degli Studi di Siena, via A. Moro 2, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Alfonso Trezza
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Siena, via A. Moro 2, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Ottavia Spiga
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Siena, via A. Moro 2, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Giampietro Sgaragli
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Università degli Studi di Siena, via A. Moro 2, 53100, Siena, Italy; Accademia Italiana della Vite e del Vino, via Logge degli Uffizi Corti 1, 50122, Florence, Italy
| | - Massimo Valoti
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Università degli Studi di Siena, via A. Moro 2, 53100, Siena, Italy
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Li Y, Zhao C, Lu C, Zhou S, Tian G, He L, Bao Y, Fauconnier ML, Xiao H, Zheng J. Simultaneous determination of 14 bioactive citrus flavonoids using thin-layer chromatography combined with surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy. Food Chem 2021; 338:128115. [PMID: 33092006 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.128115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2020] [Revised: 07/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Citrus flavonoids consist of diverse analogs and possess various health-promoting effects dramatically depending on their chemical structures. Since different flavonoids usually co-exist in real samples, it's necessary to develop rapid and efficient methods for simultaneous determination of multiple flavonoids. Thin layer chromatography combined with surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (TLC-SERS) was established to simultaneously separate and detect 14 citrus flavonoids for the first time. These target compounds could be characterized and discriminated when paired with SERS at 6-500 times greater the sensitivity than TLC alone. TLC-SERS exhibited high recovery rates (91.5-121.7%) with relative standard deviation lower than 20.8%. Moreover, the established TLC-SERS method was successfully used to simultaneously detect multiple flavonoids in real samples, which exhibited comparable accuracy to high performance liquid chromatography with shorter analytical time (10 vs 45 min). All the results demonstrated that this could be a promising method for simultaneous, rapid, sensitive and accurate detection of flavonoids.
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Sanchez BAO, Celestino SMC, de Abreu Gloria MB, Celestino IC, Lozada MIO, Júnior SDA, de Alencar ER, de Lacerda de Oliveira L. Pasteurization of passion fruit Passiflora setacea pulp to optimize bioactive compounds retention. Food Chem X 2020; 6:100084. [PMID: 32373788 PMCID: PMC7191204 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2020.100084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Passiflora setacea is a wild species of passion fruit with interesting functional properties. Fruit seasonality demands conservation methods to enable its consumption throughout the year. We evaluated High Temperature Short Time (HTST) and Low Temperature Long Time (LTLT) binomials on physical, chemical, antioxidant and sensory characteristics of Passiflora setacea pulps. In natura (IN) and pasteurized pulps were analysed for DPPH, FRAP, ORAC, total phenolic content (TPC), vitamin C, bioactive amines, flavonoids, color, remaining enzymatic activity (REA), microbiological analyzes, sensory evaluation and physical stability. All binomials reached microbiological standards. Binomials 82 °C/20 s and 82 °C/40 s were selected for providing higher total antioxidant activity (TAA), TPC and lower REA. The highest levels of antioxidant activity, flavonoids, vitamin C were kept by 82 °C/20 s, without difference from IN pulp. LTLT binomial showed higher retention of bioactive amines, but also higher REA. Sensory acceptance was not affected by the binomials but pasteurized-cooked flavor was more checked for 82 °C 40 s than IN pulp.
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de Carvalho MVO, de Oliveira LDL, Costa AM. Effect of training system and climate conditions on phytochemicals of Passiflora setacea, a wild Passiflora from Brazilian savannah. Food Chem 2018; 266:350-358. [PMID: 30381197 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.05.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2017] [Revised: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Passiflora setacea is a Brazilian savannah fruit known as a good source of phytochemicals. The phytochemical composition is influenced by environmental factors and management techniques such as training system. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of training system (espalier or trellis) and environmental factors (temperature, precipitation and sunlight exposure) on antioxidant capacity and bioactive composition of P. setacea pulp. Total phenolic compounds (TP), proantocyanidins (PA), total flavonoids (TF), vitamin C and total antioxidant activity were analyzed. Five flavonoids (orientin, isoorientin, vitexin, isovitexin and hesperetin) were determined by HPLC-DAD, using calibration curves. Training system presented no effects on TP, PA, TF and antioxidant activity, whereas rainy season year 2 increased FRAP values, TF, orientin, isovitexin and hesperetin content, which could be associate to climate stressful condition leading to higher levels of these compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Veras Oliveira de Carvalho
- Postgraduate Program in Human Nutrition, College of Health Sciences, Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF 70910900, Brazil.
| | - Lívia de Lacerda de Oliveira
- Postgraduate Program in Human Nutrition, College of Health Sciences, Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF 70910900, Brazil.
| | - Ana Maria Costa
- Embrapa Cerrados, BR 020, Km18, Laboratory of Food Science, Planaltina, Federal District 73310970, Brazil.
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Zareei S, Boojar MMA, Amanlou M. Inhibition of liver alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase by hesperidin and its aglycone hesperetin: An in vitro and in silico study. Life Sci 2017; 178:49-55. [PMID: 28385612 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2017.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2017] [Revised: 03/24/2017] [Accepted: 04/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
AIMS This study aimed to investigate the inhibitory effects of two natural flavonoids, hesperetin (HT) and hesperidin (HD), on two gluconeogenesis enzymes, alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activities and their possible mechanisms of action. MAIN METHODS Rat liver incubated with different concentrations of HT and HD was used to measure enzyme activities spectrophotometrically, based on monitoring the oxidation of NADH to NAD+ at 340nm. Molecular docking simulation was also applied to reveal the molecular mechanism of the inhibition caused by HT and HD. KEY FINDINGS Both flavonoids demonstrated inhibitory effects against the enzyme activities, with IC50 values of 153.9 and 68.88μM for HT-ALT and HD-ALT treatment respectively. Likewise, the IC50 values of 85.29μM for HT-AST and 110.3μM for HD-AST were obtained from spectrophotometric results. CONCLUSION The docking simulation revealed that HT and HD block the enzyme entrance channel and prevent the substrates from accessing the enzyme active sites. Having prevented production of pyruvate, α-ketoglutarate, and the oxaloacetate, these two compounds inhibit hepatic gluconeogenesis and consequently, hinder the progression of diabetes. SIGNIFICANCE This study suggests that HT and HD may be considered as leading compounds for designing safe and effective drugs in management of increased ALT and AST-related disorders specially diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Zareei
- Department of Biochemistry, Kharazmi University, Mofateh Ave., Tehran, Iran
| | - Massoud M A Boojar
- Department of Biochemistry, Kharazmi University, Mofateh Ave., Tehran, Iran
| | - Massoud Amanlou
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Medicinal Plants Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, 16 Azar Ave., Tehran, Iran.
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Coutinho L, Oliveira H, Pacheco AR, Almeida L, Pimentel F, Santos C, Ferreira de Oliveira JMP. Hesperetin-etoposide combinations induce cytotoxicity in U2OS cells: Implications on therapeutic developments for osteosarcoma. DNA Repair (Amst) 2016; 50:36-42. [PMID: 28063664 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2016.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Osteosarcoma chemotherapy has improved survival rates, however, chemoresistance and drug toxicity still limit therapy. Drug combinations may overcome these limitations by allowing fewer chemoresistant cells to survive. The aim of this study was to evaluate the cytotoxic potential of hesperetin to osteosarcoma and to analyze the cell cycle effects of combinations of hesperetin with chemotherapeutic agents. For this, the U2OS human osteosarcoma cell line was exposed to hesperetin or hesperetin combined with etoposide or doxorubicin in defined proportions. Hesperetin was less cytotoxic compared to chemotherapeutic agents, as shown by cell growth, viability and clonogenic assays. Notwithstanding, hesperetin combined with etoposide showed additive effects on the inhibition of cell growth. Furthermore, hesperetin induced G2-phase arrest, associated with decreased gene expression of cyclins B1 and E1 and cyclin-dependent kinases 1 and 2. The combination with higher additive effect resulted in higher percentage of cells in G2-phase, showing that G2-phase arrest is associated with cytotoxicity. Moreover, hesperetin induced cytostatic effects. In conclusion, our results suggest that G2-phase arrest is an important step for hesperetin-induced cytotoxicity in U2OS cells. Hesperetin shows potential cytotoxicity when combined with etoposide, which may have implications on therapeutic developments for osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Coutinho
- CESAM & Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Helena Oliveira
- CESAM & Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Ana Rita Pacheco
- CESAM & Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Luis Almeida
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, Porto, Portugal
| | - Francisco Pimentel
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal; Lenitudes Medical Center & Research, Santa Maria da Feira, Portugal
| | - Conceição Santos
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - José Miguel P Ferreira de Oliveira
- CESAM & Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, Aveiro, Portugal; Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
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