1
|
Martinez-Aviño A, Moliner-Martinez Y, Molins-Legua C, Campins-Falcó P. Colorimetric analysis platform based on thin layer chromatography for monitoring gluten cross-contamination in food industry. Food Chem 2024; 448:139025. [PMID: 38522293 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.139025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
Monitoring of the accidental presence of gluten (Glu), resulting from cross-contamination, is imperative in different industries, in particular food industry. The objective of this study was the development of an analytical platform utilizing thin-layer chromatography (TLC) with colorimetric read-out for making binary (yes/no) decisions on surfaces and/or point of these industries. The composition of the extractive phase was optimized with commercial products used in cleaning processing lines. Subsequently, an exploration of TLC separation and detection was undertaken. CN-modified nanosilica plates and 30:70 acetonitrile:water were used to achieve a selective signal for Glu residues. The study of the detection performance showed that both spectroscopic measurement and image analysis were resulted in satisfactory results for quantitate analysis (RSD = 5 %, LOD = 0.12 mg). The practical application of the proposed methodology on surfaces of the food processing lines. This work demonstrated the operational feasibility in detecting gluten cross-contaminations within the food processing industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Martinez-Aviño
- MINTOTA Research Group, Departament de Química Analítica, Facultat de Química, Universitat de Valencia, 46100 Burjassot, Spain
| | - Y Moliner-Martinez
- MINTOTA Research Group, Departament de Química Analítica, Facultat de Química, Universitat de Valencia, 46100 Burjassot, Spain.
| | - C Molins-Legua
- MINTOTA Research Group, Departament de Química Analítica, Facultat de Química, Universitat de Valencia, 46100 Burjassot, Spain
| | - P Campins-Falcó
- MINTOTA Research Group, Departament de Química Analítica, Facultat de Química, Universitat de Valencia, 46100 Burjassot, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Farouk HM, Attia EZ, Shaban GM, Abdelmohsen UR, El-Katatny MH. Antimicrobial secondary metabolites and antioxidant activities of fungal endophytes associated with Ziziphus spina-christi (L.) Desf. (Nabq) leaves. Nat Prod Res 2024:1-5. [PMID: 38630967 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2024.2340761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
A total of 20 endophytic fungi were isolated (ZSEFL1-ZSEFL20) from Ziziphus spina-christi (L.) Desf. (Nabq) leaves. Four isolates A2/ZSEFL2, Alternaria alternata, D/ZSEFL14, Aspergillus niger, E/ZSEFL15, Epicoccum nigrum, and S/ZSEFL19, Penicillium crustosum were found to show the most promising antimicrobial activities either in plug or disc diffusion screening assays against Gram-positive, Gram-negative bacteria and pathogenic fungi. Antimicrobial activity was tested against Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213, Serratia marcescens ATCC 14764, Klebsiella pneumoniae ATCC 700603, Candida albicans ATCC 10231, and Fusarium oxysporum ATCC417. In vitro antioxidant activity assay was conducted using the ABTS [2,2'-Azino-bis (3-Ethylbenzthiazoline-6-Sulfonic Acid)] free radical scavenging method. EtOAc extracts of all isolated endophytic fungi showed antioxidant activities. This study would be one of the first reports to measure the antioxidant activity of Z. spina-christi (L.) Desf. endophytic fungi. Therefore, these isolated endophytic fungi can provide additional information for medicinal sources of natural antioxidants and antimicrobial agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hala Montaser Farouk
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Minia University, Minia, Egypt
| | - Eman Zekry Attia
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia, Egypt
| | - Gehan Mohamed Shaban
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Minia University, Minia, Egypt
| | - Usama Ramadan Abdelmohsen
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia, Egypt
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Deraya University, New Minia, Egypt
| | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Sharkawi MMZ, Safwat MT, Abdelaleem EA, Abdelwahab NS. Chromatographic analysis of triple cough therapy; bromhexine, guaiafenesin and salbutamol and pharmaceutical impurity: in-silico toxicity profile of drug impurity. BMC Chem 2024; 18:19. [PMID: 38281055 PMCID: PMC10821540 DOI: 10.1186/s13065-024-01122-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Bromhexine (BR), guaiafenesin (GUF) and salbutamol (SAL) are formulated as Ventocough syrup® (with and without sugar), labeled to contain propyl paraben and sodium benzoate as inactive ingredients. They are used to make coughing more productive and easier. A crucial element and a major issue in the pharmaceutical industry is the control of organic related impurities to obtain safe and effective treatment. Guaiacol (GUL) is reported to be GUF related impurity that was proved to be extremely toxic (toxic rating class 5), and its use should be banned. In this work, In-Silico study and ADMET estimation were conducted to predict GUL pharmacokinetic properties and its toxicity profile. Additionally, two chromatographic methods were conducted to analyze the studied components along with GUF impurity in the presence of the labeled dosage form excipients. The In-Silico study assured that GUL has oral rat acute toxicity and it is considered to be skin sensitizer. On the other hand, the developed TLC- densitometeric method depended on using a mobile phase mixture of hexane: methylene chloride: triethylamine (5.0:6.0:0.3, by volume) as a developing system. UV-Scanning was performed immediately at 275 nm for SAL, GUF and GUL, while scanning at 310 nm was used for scanning BR. Linearity was established in the ranges of 0.25-4.0, 0.25-4.0, 0.5-8.0 and 0.1-1.6 µg/band for BR, SAL, GUF and GUL, respectively. In the developed HPLC method, separation was performed on X-Bridge® C18 column (250 × 4.6 mm, 5 μm) using a solvent mixture of 0.05M disodium hydrogen phosphate pH 3 with aqueous phosphoric acid: methanol (containing 0.3%, v/v triethylamine) (40:60, v/v). Detection was done at 225 nm and separation was achieved within 10 min. Linearity was proved in the range of 2-50 µg/mL for the proposed drugs. Validation of the developed methods was done and all the calculated parameters were within the acceptable limits recommended by ICH guidelines. After that, methods were used to examine the potency of the selected marketed dosage forms and concentrations of all drugs were within the acceptable limits. Additionally, complete separation between the studied drugs and the additives were observed. The developed methods can be used during routine quality control analysis of the proposed drugs when the required issues concern on sensitivity, selectivity and analysis time.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marco M Z Sharkawi
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Alshaheed Shehata Ahmed Hegazy St., Beni-Suef, 62514, Egypt
| | - Mark T Safwat
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Nahda University in Beni-Suef (NUB), Bayad Al Arab, New Beni-Suef City, Beni-Suef, 62764, Egypt
| | - Eglal A Abdelaleem
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Alshaheed Shehata Ahmed Hegazy St., Beni-Suef, 62514, Egypt
| | - Nada S Abdelwahab
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Alshaheed Shehata Ahmed Hegazy St., Beni-Suef, 62514, Egypt.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Sahaka M, Bornet O, Marchand A, Lafont D, Gontero B, Carrière F, Launay H. Monitoring galactolipid digestion and simultaneous changes in lipid-bile salt micellar organization by real-time NMR spectroscopy. Chem Phys Lipids 2024; 258:105361. [PMID: 37981224 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2023.105361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
The use of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance spectroscopy for studying lipid digestion in vitro most often consists of quantifying lipolysis products after they have been extracted from the reaction medium using organic solvents. However, the current sensitivity level of NMR spectrometers makes possible to avoid the extraction step and continuously quantify the lipids directly in the reaction medium. We used real-time 1H NMR spectroscopy and guinea pig pancreatic lipase-related protein 2 (GPLRP2) as biocatalyst to monitor in situ the lipolysis of monogalactosyl diacylglycerol (MGDG) in the form of mixed micelles with the bile salt sodium taurodeoxycholate (NaTDC). Residual substrate and lipolysis products (monogalactosyl monoacylglycerol (MGMG); monogalactosylglycerol (MGG) and octanoic acid (OA) were simultaneously quantified throughout the reaction thanks to specific proton resonances. Lipolysis was complete with the release of all MGDG fatty acids. These results were confirmed by thin layer chromatography (TLC) and densitometry after lipid extraction at different reaction times. Using diffusion-ordered NMR spectroscopy (DOSY), we could also estimate the diffusion coefficients of all the reaction compounds and deduce the hydrodynamic radius of the lipid aggregates in which they were present. It was shown that MGDG-NaTDC mixed micelles with an initial hydrodynamic radius rH of 7.3 ± 0.5 nm were changed into smaller micelles of NaTDC-MGDG-MGMG of 2.3 ± 0.5 nm in the course of the lipolysis reaction, and finally into NaTDC-OA mixed micelles (rH of 2.9 ± 0.5 nm) and water soluble MGG. These results provide a better understanding of the digestion of galactolipids by PLRP2, a process that leads to the complete micellar solubilisation of their fatty acids and renders their intestinal absorption possible.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Moulay Sahaka
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, UMR7281 Bioénergétique et Ingénierie des Protéines, 31 Chemin Joseph Aiguier, 13009 Marseille, France
| | - Olivier Bornet
- NMR Platform, Institut de Microbiologie de la Méditerranée, Aix Marseille Univ, 13009 Marseille, France
| | - Achille Marchand
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, UMR7281 Bioénergétique et Ingénierie des Protéines, 31 Chemin Joseph Aiguier, 13009 Marseille, France
| | - Dominique Lafont
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique 2-GLYCO, ICBMS UMR 5246, CNRS-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, bâtiment Lederer, 1 rue Victor Grignard, 69622 Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| | - Brigitte Gontero
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, UMR7281 Bioénergétique et Ingénierie des Protéines, 31 Chemin Joseph Aiguier, 13009 Marseille, France
| | - Frédéric Carrière
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, UMR7281 Bioénergétique et Ingénierie des Protéines, 31 Chemin Joseph Aiguier, 13009 Marseille, France.
| | - Hélène Launay
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, UMR7281 Bioénergétique et Ingénierie des Protéines, 31 Chemin Joseph Aiguier, 13009 Marseille, France.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Han C, Wang Q, Yao Y, Zhang Q, Huang J, Zhang H, Qu L. Thin layer chromatography coupled with surface enhanced Raman scattering for rapid separation and on-site detection of multi-components. J Chromatogr A 2023; 1706:464217. [PMID: 37517317 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2023.464217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
The separation and detection of multi-component mixtures has always been a challenging task. Traditional detection methods often suffer from complex operation, high cost, and low sensitivity. Surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) technique is a high sensitivity, powerful and rapid detection tool, which can realize the specific detection of single substance components, but it must solve the problem that multi-component mixtures cannot be accurately determined. Thin layer chromatography (TLC) technology, as a high-throughput separation technology, uses chromatographic plate as the stationary phase, and could select different developing phases for separation experiments. The advantages of TLC technology in short distance and rapid separation are widely used in protein, dye and biomedical fields. However, TLC technology has limitations in detection ability and difficulty in obtaining ideal signal intensity. The combination of TLC technology and SERS technology made the operation procedure simple and the sample size small, which can achieve rapid on-site separation and quantitative detection of mixtures. Due to the rapid development of TLC-SERS technology, it has been widely used in the investigation of various complex systems. This paper reviews the application of TLC-SERS technology in food science, environmental pollution and biomedicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caiqin Han
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Laser Materials and Devices, School of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, China.
| | - Qin Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Laser Materials and Devices, School of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, China
| | - Yue Yao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Laser Materials and Devices, School of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Laser Materials and Devices, School of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, China
| | - Jiawei Huang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Laser Materials and Devices, School of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, China
| | - Hengchang Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Laser Materials and Devices, School of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, China
| | - Lulu Qu
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Bosca B, Mot AC. Novel simultaneous determination of alliin and allicin in Allium sp. using digital subtraction HPTLC. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2023; 1222:123700. [PMID: 37031569 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2023.123700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023]
Abstract
Allicin is a major thiosulfinate found in garlic and other Allium sp. and it is responsible for their pungent aroma. It is formed during the tissue lysis of garlic, by the initial action of alliinase upon alliin, the major cysteine sulfoxide. Simultaneous detection of these two analytes is usually performed using HPLC. Contrary to the most important phytoconstituents in other samples, allicin is scarcely detected using the simple HPTLC technique, due to challenges caused by its unique structure, despite its simplicity and high needs in the analytical monitoring of the Allium sp. In this work, a cost-effective, simple, sensitive and accurate method was developed for the determination of allicin together with alliin, using HPTLC. Allicin is quickly pre-derivatised with cysteine in excess to the stable S-allylmercaptocysteine that is then simultaneously detected with alliin, using ninhydrin reagent. The method was validated in terms of accuracy (recoveries of 90-120 %), precision (RSD% of 4-12 %), selectivity, robustness, peak purity and limit of detection (LOD = 0.05 μg/band for allicin and LOD = 0.10 μg/band for alliin). The method was successfully applied using real Allium sp. samples and the results were in good agreement with HPLC data.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bogdan Bosca
- Chemometrics and Bioanalytical Chemistry Laboratory, Analytica Research Center, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Babeș-Bolyai University, 11 Arany János Street, RO-400028 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Augustin C Mot
- Chemometrics and Bioanalytical Chemistry Laboratory, Analytica Research Center, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Babeș-Bolyai University, 11 Arany János Street, RO-400028 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Sahaka M, Mateos-Diaz E, Amara S, Wattanakul J, Gray D, Lafont D, Gontero B, Launay H, Carrière F. In situ monitoring of galactolipid digestion by infrared spectroscopy in both model micelles and spinach chloroplasts. Chem Phys Lipids 2023; 252:105291. [PMID: 36918051 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2023.105291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
Abstract
Galactolipids are the main lipids from plant photosynthetic membranes and they can be digested by pancreatic lipase related protein 2 (PLRP2), an enzyme found in the pancreatic secretion in many animal species. Here, we used transmission Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) to monitor continuously the hydrolysis of galactolipids by PLRP2, in situ and in real time. The method was first developed with a model substrate, a synthetic monogalactosyl diacylglycerol with 8-carbon acyl chains (C8-MGDG), in the form of mixed micelles with a bile salt, sodium taurodeoxycholate (NaTDC). The concentrations of the residual substrate and reaction products (monogalactosylmonoglyceride, MGMG; monogalactosylglycerol, MGG; octanoic acid) were estimated from the carbonyl and carboxylate vibration bands after calibration with reference standards. The results were confirmed by thin layer chromatography analysis (TLC) and specific staining of galactosylated compounds with thymol and sulfuric acid. The method was then applied to the lipolysis of more complex substrates, a natural extract of MGDG with long acyl chains, micellized with NaTDC, and intact chloroplasts isolated from spinach leaves. After a calibration performed with α-linolenic acid, the main fatty acid (FA) found in plant galactolipids, FTIR allowed quantitative measurement of chloroplast lipolysis by PLRP2. A full release of FA from membrane galactolipids was observed, that was not dependent on the presence of bile salts. Nevertheless, the evolution of amide vibration band in FTIR spectra suggested the interaction of membrane proteins with NaTDC and lipolysis products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Moulay Sahaka
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, UMR7281 Bioénergétique et Ingénierie des Protéines, 31 Chemin Joseph Aiguier, 13009 Marseille, France
| | - Eduardo Mateos-Diaz
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, UMR7281 Bioénergétique et Ingénierie des Protéines, 31 Chemin Joseph Aiguier, 13009 Marseille, France
| | - Sawsan Amara
- Lipolytech, Zone Luminy Biotech, 163 avenue de Luminy, 13288 Marseille Cedex 09, France
| | - Jutarat Wattanakul
- Division of Food, Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE12 5RD, United Kingdom; Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Home Economics Technology, Rajamangala University of Technology Krungthep, Bangkok 10120, Thailand
| | - David Gray
- Division of Food, Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE12 5RD, United Kingdom
| | - Dominique Lafont
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique 2-GLYCO, ICBMS UMR 5246, CNRS-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, bâtiment Lederer, 1 rue Victor Grignard, 69622 Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| | - Brigitte Gontero
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, UMR7281 Bioénergétique et Ingénierie des Protéines, 31 Chemin Joseph Aiguier, 13009 Marseille, France
| | - Hélène Launay
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, UMR7281 Bioénergétique et Ingénierie des Protéines, 31 Chemin Joseph Aiguier, 13009 Marseille, France
| | - Frédéric Carrière
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, UMR7281 Bioénergétique et Ingénierie des Protéines, 31 Chemin Joseph Aiguier, 13009 Marseille, France.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Manogaran S, Kilavan Packiam K, Senthil Kumar P, Rangasamy G, Saravanan A. Utilization of industrial waste - Liquid cheese whey for the batch fermentation of lovastatin using Fusarium nectrioides (MH173849) an endophytic fungus: Screening, production and characterization. Chemosphere 2023; 318:137947. [PMID: 36706809 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.137947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
In this current research, a novel way of utilizing the plant weed and dairy industrial waste for the cost-effective production of Lovastatin by the novel fungus Fusarium nectrioides (MH173849) under controlled conditions was reported for the first time with scientific evidence. A total of 25 endophytic fungi were isolated from the 90 tissue fragments of Euphorbia hirta (L) and identified based on morphological and microscopical characteristics. All the fungal isolates were screened for Lovastatin production using Neurospora crassa bioassay. Among the 25 fungal isolates, Fusarium sp2, Nigrospora sphaerica, and Fusarium sp 4 showed maximum zone of inhibition and they were further verified by Thin Layer Chromatography. Since the Rf values of Fusarium sp 4 and standard Lovastatin were the same, further characterization was preceded only with Fusarium sp 4. An evolutionary relationship of two positive isolates, Fusarium sp 2 and Fusarium sp 4 was studied with other Lovastatin-producing fungi. Gene sequencing and BLAST revealed that a novel fungus, Fusarium sp 4 was found to be Fusarium nectrioides (MH173849) and it was further used for batch fermentation of Lovastatin in the modified media using liquid cheese whey under controlled conditions, which enhanced the productivity up to 43.40 μg/mL with the minimum purification steps. LC-MS-MS and NMR studies confirmed the production of Lovastatin by F. nectrioides (MH173849) due to the presence of Pyran molecule hydrogen, Hydrogen fusing two molecules as intermediate with triplet signal groups, methylbutanoic acid, and hexahydro naphthalene. Therefore, this fungus may be utilized by industries for the cost-effective production of Lovastatin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Senthamarai Manogaran
- Fungal Diversity and Bioreources Research Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Bannari Amman Institute of Technology, Sathyamangalam, Erode District, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Kannan Kilavan Packiam
- Fungal Diversity and Bioreources Research Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Bannari Amman Institute of Technology, Sathyamangalam, Erode District, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - P Senthil Kumar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering, Kalavakkam, 603110, Tamil Nadu, India; Centre of Excellence in Water Research (CEWAR), Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering, Kalavakkam, 603110, Tamil Nadu, India; School of Engineering, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon
| | - Gayathri Rangasamy
- School of Engineering, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon; University Centre for Research and Development & Department of Civil Engineering, Chandigarh University, Gharuan, Mohali, Punjab, 140413, India.
| | - A Saravanan
- Department of Sustainable Engineering, Saveetha School of Engineering, SIMATS, Chennai, 602105, India
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Jiang X, Yang X, Chen Y, Yan X, Liu H, Lu F, Li D. GUESS - A simple approach to accelerate optimization countercurrent separation. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2023; 1215:123573. [PMID: 36603474 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2022.123573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The generally useful estimate of solvent systems (GUESS) method, which is based on thin layer chromatography, is a simple and practical method for selecting solvent systems for countercurrent chromatography (CCC). However, it is rarely used for complex samples derived from natural products. In this study, GUESS was used for CCC solvent system selection and polarity-adjusted CCC separations of several fractions, which were obtained from a silica gel column containing complex compositions with a broad polarity from Salvia bowleyana Dunn. The GUESS method was performed on five fractions based on solvent systems in the n-hexane-ethyl acetate-methanol-water (HEMWat) family. Based on the GUESS results, the optimal solvent systems were selected for CCC separation. Twelve diterpenoids were obtained from the five silica gel column fractions of S. bowleyana Dunn using elution-extrusion countercurrent chromatography (EECCC). These demonstrate that GUESS guidance and the polarity adjustment of the solvent system accelerate the optimization of CCC separation conditions and simplify the process of accommodating a broad polarity of components in complicated mixture fractions. We therefore confirmed the feasibility and advantage of the GUESS method for complex natural chemical component separations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohua Jiang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Phytochemicals and Sustainable Utilization, Guangxi Institute of Botany, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guilin 541006, China
| | - Xuerong Yang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Phytochemicals and Sustainable Utilization, Guangxi Institute of Botany, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guilin 541006, China
| | - Yueyuan Chen
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Phytochemicals and Sustainable Utilization, Guangxi Institute of Botany, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guilin 541006, China
| | - Xiaojie Yan
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Phytochemicals and Sustainable Utilization, Guangxi Institute of Botany, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guilin 541006, China
| | - HongWei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 1 Beichenxi Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Fenglai Lu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Phytochemicals and Sustainable Utilization, Guangxi Institute of Botany, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guilin 541006, China.
| | - Dianpeng Li
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Phytochemicals and Sustainable Utilization, Guangxi Institute of Botany, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guilin 541006, China.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Fezza F, Mastrangelo N, Maccarrone M. Radiometric Assay of NAPE-PLD Activity. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2576:225-232. [PMID: 36152190 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2728-0_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
N-Acyl-phosphatidylethanolamine (NAPE)-hydrolyzing phospholipase D (NAPE-PLD) is a prominent enzyme involved in the biosynthesis of fatty acid amides, a family of bioactive lipids including anandamide as the prototypical member. Here, we describe a NAPE-PLD assay based on radioactive substrates and product separation by thin layer chromatography (TLC).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Filomena Fezza
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Tor Vergata University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
| | - Nicolina Mastrangelo
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Tor Vergata University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Mauro Maccarrone
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
- European Center for Brain Research/Santa Lucia Foundation IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Fdil N, Sabir ES. Urinary Glycosaminoglycans: Characterization and Quantification. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2619:61-69. [PMID: 36662462 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2946-8_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The growing body of evidence supports the potential of using urinary glycosaminoglycans (uGAGs) levels as biomarkers to guide diagnosis and as predictive biomarkers of treatment efficacy. Recently, studies have shown that, in addition to MPS, the prognosis and treatment of cancers and viral infections, including COVID-19, are enabled by characterization and/or traits by GAGs. Reliable and accessible detection and assay protocols of urinary GAGs are therefore of great support for laboratory workers and clinicians. Here we describe a semiquantitative and quantitative urinary glycosaminoglycans determination using 1,9-dimethylmethylene blue (DMB) and the characterization of uGAGs using thin layer chromatography (TLC).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Naima Fdil
- Metabolic Platform, Biochemistry Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Cadi Ayyad University, Moroccan Association for Inherited Metabolic Diseases, Marrakech, Morocco.
| | - Es-Said Sabir
- Metabolic Platform, Biochemistry Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Cadi Ayyad University, Moroccan Association for Inherited Metabolic Diseases, Marrakech, Morocco
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Abstract
The endocannabinoid 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) exerts its physiological action by binding to and functionally activating type-1 (CB1) and type-2 (CB2) cannabinoid receptors. It is thought to be produced through the action of sn-1 selective diacylglycerol lipase (DAGL) that catalyzes 2-AG biosynthesis from sn-2-arachidonate-containing diacylglycerols. Different methodological approaches for measuring DAGL activity in biological samples are now available. Here, a highly sensitive radiometric assay to assess DAGL activity, by using 1-oleoyl[1-14C]-2-arachidonoylglycerol as the substrate, is reported. All the steps required to perform lipid extraction, fractionation by thin-layer chromatography (TLC), and quantification of radiolabeled [14C]-oleic acid via scintillation counting are described in detail.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tiziana Bisogno
- Endocannabinoid Research Group, Istituto di Farmacologia Traslazionale, Consiglio Nazionale Delle Ricerche, Roma, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Rizk M, Mahmoud ZM, Azab MM. Spectrofluorimetric and stability-indicating thin layer chromatographic methods for determination of cabergoline, a prolactin inhibitor in pharmaceuticals. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2022; 281:121639. [PMID: 35872427 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2022.121639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Simple, Economic, and selective spectrofluorimetric and stability-indicating thin layer chromatographic (TLC) with fluorescence detection methods were developed for the determination of Cabergoline, a potent prolactin inhibitor, and long-acting dopamine receptor agonist, in bulk drug and pharmaceutical dosage forms based on its native fluorescence. Method A was based on measuring the fluorescence intensity at 338 nm after excitation at 280 nm. The measured fluorescence was directly proportional to the concentration of the drug over the range of 50.0-450.0 ng/mL with a limit of detection of 14.4 and a limit of quantification of 43.7 ng/mL. The TLC method (method B) was employed on TLC silica gel 60 F254 aluminum sheets previously exposed to concentrated (30-34 %) hydrochloric acid vapor. Ethyl acetate: n-hexane: diethylamine system with a ratio of (10: 3: 1, v/v/v) developing system was used. The retention factor (Rf) of Cabergoline was 0.58 ± 0.03. Linearity was found to be in the range of 100.0-1500.0 ng/band. The LOD and LOQ were 25.4 and 76.9 ng/band, respectively. The methods were validated successfully according to ICH guidelines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Rizk
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, Cairo 11795, Egypt
| | - Zainab M Mahmoud
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, Cairo 11795, Egypt.
| | - Marwa M Azab
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, Cairo 11795, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Manful CF, Pham TH, Spicer H, Thomas RH. A multimodal analytical method to simultaneously determine monoacetyldiacylglycerols, medium and long chain triglycerides in biological samples during routine lipidomics. Lipids Health Dis 2022; 21:42. [PMID: 35538477 PMCID: PMC9092795 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-022-01650-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Monoacetyldiglycerides (MAcDG), are acetylated triglycerides (TG) and an emerging class of bioactive or functional lipid with promising nutritional, medical, and industrial applications. A major challenge exists when analyzing MAcDG from other subclasses of TG in biological matrices, limiting knowledge on their applications and metabolism. Methods Herein a multimodal analytical method for resolution, identification, and quantitation of MAcDG in biological samples was demonstrated based on thin layer chromatography-flame ionization detection complimentary with C30-reversed phase liquid chromatography-high resolution accurate mass tandem mass spectrometry. This method was then applied to determine the MAcDG molecular species composition and quantity in E. solidaginis larvae. The statistical method for analysis of TG subclass composition and molecular species composition of E. solidaginis larvae was one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). Results The findings suggest that the proposed analytical method could simultaneously provide a fast, accurate, sensitive, high throughput analysis of MAcDG from other TG subclasses, including the fatty acids, isomers, and molecular species composition. Conclusion This method would allow for MAcDG to be included during routine lipidomics analysis of biological samples and will have broad interests and applications in the scientific community in areas such as nutrition, climate change, medicine and biofuel innovations. Graphical abstract ![]()
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12944-022-01650-w.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Charles F Manful
- School of Science and the Environment/ Boreal Ecosystem Research Initiative, Grenfell Campus, Memorial University of Newfoundland, Corner Brook, NL, A2H 5G4, Canada.
| | - Thu H Pham
- School of Science and the Environment/ Boreal Ecosystem Research Initiative, Grenfell Campus, Memorial University of Newfoundland, Corner Brook, NL, A2H 5G4, Canada
| | - Heather Spicer
- School of Science and the Environment/ Boreal Ecosystem Research Initiative, Grenfell Campus, Memorial University of Newfoundland, Corner Brook, NL, A2H 5G4, Canada
| | - Raymond H Thomas
- School of Science and the Environment/ Boreal Ecosystem Research Initiative, Grenfell Campus, Memorial University of Newfoundland, Corner Brook, NL, A2H 5G4, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Hou X, Sivashanmugan K, Zhao Y, Zhang B, Wang AX. Multiplex Sensing of Complex Mixtures by Machine Vision Analysis of TLC-SERS Images. Sens Actuators B Chem 2022; 357:131355. [PMID: 35221529 PMCID: PMC8880841 DOI: 10.1016/j.snb.2021.131355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Thin layer chromatography in tandem with surface-enhanced Raman scattering (TLC-SERS) has demonstrated tremendous potentials as a new analytical chemistry tool to detect a wide range of substances from real-world samples. However, it still faces significant challenges of multiplex sensing from complex mixtures due to the imperfect separation by TLC and the resulting interference of SERS detection. In this article, we propose a multiplex sensing method of complex mixtures by machine vision analysis of the scanning image of the TLC-SERS results. Briefly, various pure substances in solution and the complex mixture solution are separated by TLC followed by one-dimensional SERS scanning of the entire TLC plate, which generates TLC-SERS images of all target substances along the chromatography path. After that, a machine vision method is employed to extract the template images from the TLC-SERS images of pure substance solutions. Finally, we apply a feature point matching strategy based on the Winner-take-all principle, which matches the template image of each pure substance with the mixture image to confirm the existence and derive the position of each target substance in the TLC plate, respectively. Our experimental results based on the mixture solution of five different substances show that the proposed machine vision analysis is highly selective, sensitive and does not require artificial analysis of the SERS spectra. Therefore, we envision that the proposed machine vision analysis of the TLC-SERS imaging is an objective, accurate, and efficient method for multiplex sensing of trace level of target substances from complex mixtures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xingwei Hou
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instrument and School of Precision Instruments & Opto-Electronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P.R. China
| | - Kundan Sivashanmugan
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
| | - Yong Zhao
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
- School of Electrical Engineering, The Key Laboratory of Measurement Technology and Instrumentation of Hebei Province, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, Hebei 066004, P.R. China
| | - Boxin Zhang
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
| | - Alan X. Wang
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Garg R, Perez R, Maldener I. Analysis of Heterocyst and Akinete Specific Glycolipids in Cyanobacteria Using Thin-layer Chromatography. Bio Protoc 2022; 12:e4355. [PMID: 35434192 PMCID: PMC8983158 DOI: 10.21769/bioprotoc.4355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Several filamentous cyanobacteria like Nostoc differentiate specialized cells in response to changes in environmental factors, such as low light or nutrient starvation. These specialized cells are termed heterocysts and akinetes. Under conditions of nitrogen limitation, nitrogen-fixing heterocysts form in a semi-regular pattern and provide the filament with organic nitrogen compounds. Akinetes are spore-like dormant cells, which allow survival during adverse unfavorable conditions. Both cell types possess multilayered thick envelopes mainly composed of an outermost polysaccharide layer and inner layers of glycolipids, that are important for stress adaptation. To study these envelope glycolipids, a method for the isolation, separation and analysis of lipids from heterocysts and akinetes is essential. The present protocol describes a method involving the extraction of lipids from cyanobacteria using solvents and their separation and visualization on silica plates, to render analysis simple and easy. This protocol is relevant for studying mutants that are defective in glycolipid layer formation and for the comparison of glycolipid composition of heterocysts and akinetes under different environmental stresses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ritu Garg
- Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine, Organismic Interactions, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Rebeca Perez
- Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine, Organismic Interactions, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Iris Maldener
- Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine, Organismic Interactions, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; ,
*For correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Hosny NM, Abdelkarim M, Gadallah MI, Salah Mousa H. Development and validation of a novel evaporation setup-assisted TLC method with fluorescence detection for determination of flibanserin in pharmaceutical and biological samples. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2022; 1195:123204. [PMID: 35248898 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2022.123204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
A specific and sensitive thin layer chromatographic method coupled with fluorescence detection for determination of flibanserin (FLN) that treats woman hypoactive sexual desire disorder was developed. The proposed method depends on the enhancement of FLN native fluorescence intensity via the exposure of the developed TLC plate to concentrated hydrochloric acid vapors. Herein, an evaporation setup needed for HCl vapors exposure step was designed for the first time to ensure a uniform distribution of the vapors throughout the developed bands on the plate. Chloroform: methanol (9.5: 0.5, v/v) was the optimum mobile phase that gave a compact band (Rf= 0.44 ± 0.02) using TLC aluminium plates precoated with silica gel G 60F254 as a stationary phase. After exposure of the developed TLC plate to HCl vapors, the FLN bands emission intensities were measured after excitation at 275 nm. Conferring ICH guidelines, the linearity range was 20.0 - 1500.0 ng/band with a good linear relationship (r= 0.9998). Detection and quantitation limits were 5.12 and 15.50 ng/band, respectively. Also, the method was validated for accuracy, precision, robustness, specificity and selectivity. Statistical analysis verified the suitability of the proposed method for estimation of FLN in tablets and in human plasma with acceptable recoveries (98.07-101.45%).
Collapse
|
18
|
Amewu RK, Spangenberg T. Detection of Mycolactone by Thin Layer Chromatography. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2387:131-149. [PMID: 34643909 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1779-3_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
By means of thin layer chromatography coupled to a fluorescence enhancer, a highly sensitive and operationally simple method to detect the mycolactones stemming from the human pathogen Mycobacterium ulcerans was developed and applied to various sample sources.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Thomas Spangenberg
- Global Health Institute of Merck, Ares Trading S.A. (a subsidiary of Merck KGaA Darmstadt Germany), Eysins, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Sobańska AW. RP-18 TLC retention data and calculated physico-chemical parameters as predictors of soil-water partition and bioconcentration of organic sunscreens. Chemosphere 2021; 279:130527. [PMID: 33873066 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
RP-18 TLC chromatography was used to evaluate the impact on the environment (mobility in soil expressed as soil-water partition coefficient, log Koc; bioconcentration factor in aquatic organisms, log BCF) of several cosmetic raw materials - sunscreens, preservatives and vitamins. The retention parameters RM0 (RM extrapolated to zero concentration of an organic modifier in a mobile phase), S (slope), PC1 (1st principal component) and RM75% (single TLC run parameter for mobile phases containing 75% (v/v) of an organic modifier) obtained for six organic modifiers (methanol, acetonitrile, THF, acetone, dioxane, DMF) were used as the sole descriptors or combined with calculated physico-chemical properties (PSA - polar surface area; MW - molecular weight; VM - molar volume) of studied compounds. The chromatographic parameters considered in this study are, generally speaking, good predictors of the compounds' mobility in soil or the affinity for aquatic organisms. The parameters RM0, S and RM75% obtained for THF, dioxane and acetone may be used to investigate even very lipophilic compounds. RM75% is of a little bit limited use but it should be considered a time- and cost-effective alternative to the chromatographic parameters obtained by extrapolation or interpolation methods. In the case of some environmental parameters investigated in this study additional descriptors (PSA) have a significant influence on the quality of correlations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna W Sobańska
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Lodz, Poland 90-151 Łódź, ul. Muszyńskiego 1, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Lin MH, Miner JH, Hsu FF. Comprehensive Mouse Skin Ceramide Analysis on a Solid-Phase and TLC Separation with High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry Platform. Methods Mol Biol 2021; 2306:139-55. [PMID: 33954945 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1410-5_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
Abstract
Lipidomic analyses by mass spectrometry (MS) of epidermal ceramides, a large family of lipids crucial to the permeability barrier of the skin, have been reported previously. To ensure the accuracy of lipid identification, we describe here the isolation of mouse newborn epidermal lipids followed by fractionation with solid-phase extraction columns, and lipidomic analyses by high-resolution MS for structural identification. We also describe here the employment of thin layer chromatography, an old but useful tool, in facilitating the structural characterization of the epidermal lipid species by MS.
Collapse
|
21
|
Sobańska AW. Evaluation of drug-likeness and ADME properties of sunscreens and preservatives using reversed-phase thin layer chromatographic retention data and calculated descriptors. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2021; 201:114126. [PMID: 33989995 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2021.114126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
RP-18 TLC chromatography was used to evaluate the pharmacokinetic properties (volume of distribution, VD; plasma protein binding, %PPB; the ability to cross the blood-brain barrier expressed as log PS and log BB) of several cosmetic raw materials - sunscreen and preservatives. The majority of these compounds are intended for topical use on skin and their drug-likeness and the ability to cross biological barriers are undesired. The retention parameters RM0, S, PC1 and RM75 % obtained for mobile phases containing six organic modifiers (methanol, acetonitrile, THF, acetone, dioxane, DMF) were used as the sole descriptors or combined with calculated physicochemical properties (PSA, MW, VM) of studied compounds. The chromatographic parameters considered in this study are, generally speaking, good predictors of the compounds' pharmacokinetic properties VD, %PPB and log PS. RM75 % and the novel parameters derived from it (RM75 %/MW and RM75 %/VM) can be considered time- and cost-effective alternatives to the chromatographic parameters obtained by extrapolation or interpolation methods. In the case of some pharmacokinetic properties investigated in this study additional descriptors (PSA) have a significant influence on the quality of correlations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna W Sobańska
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Lodz, Łódź, ul. Muszyńskiego 1, 90-151, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Rai A, Nagegowda DA. Non-radioactive Assay to Determine Product Profile of Short-chain Isoprenyl Diphosphate Synthases. Bio Protoc 2021; 11:e3874. [PMID: 33732763 DOI: 10.21769/bioprotoc.3874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Isoprenoids represent the largest class of metabolites with amazing diversities in structure and function. They are involved in protecting plants against pathogens or herbivores or involved in attracting pollinators. Isoprenoids are derived from geranyl diphosphate (GPP; C10), farnesyl diphosphate (FPP; C15), geranylgeranyl diphosphate (GGPP; C20), and geranylfarnesyl diphosphate (GFPP; C25) that are in turn formed by sequential condensations of isopentenyl diphosphate (IPP; C5) with an allylic acceptor such as dimethylallyl diphosphate (DMAPP; C5), GPP, FPP, or GGPP in a reaction catalyzed by isoprenyl diphosphate synthases (IDSs). IDS enzyme assay for determination of prenyl diphosphate products is generally performed using radiolabelled substrates, and the products formed are identified by employing expensive instruments such as phosphor imager, radio-GC, or radio-HPLC. Though a non-radioactive assay for measuring IDS activity in crude plant extract has been reported, it requires a complex methodology utilizing chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS-MS). Here, we describe a non-radioactive and simple inexpensive assay for determining the IDS assay products using non-radiolabeled IPP and its co-allylic substrates DMAPP, GPP, and FPP. The detection of prenyl diphosphate products generated in the assay was highly efficient and spots corresponding to prenyl alcohols were visible at >40 µM concentrations of IPP and DMAPP/GPP/FPP substrates. The protocol described here is sensitive, reliable, and technically simple, which could be used for functional characterization of IDS candidates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Avanish Rai
- Molecular Plant Biology and Biotechnology Lab, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Research Centre, Bengaluru - 560065, India
| | - Dinesh A Nagegowda
- Molecular Plant Biology and Biotechnology Lab, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Research Centre, Bengaluru - 560065, India
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Zeisler-Diehl V, Al-Khutabi EAA, Kirfel G, Schreiber L, van Echten-Deckert G, Herzog V. Detection of endogenous lipids in chicken feathers distinct from preen gland constituents. Protoplasma 2020; 257:1709-1724. [PMID: 32851422 PMCID: PMC7567736 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-020-01544-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Bird feather lipids are usually attributed to the oily secretion product of the uropygial (preen) gland. We have observed, however, that feathers exhibit a strong reaction with osmium tetroxide (OsO4), even after treatment with detergents. This leads us to postulate the existence of endogenous feather lipids distinct from preen gland lipids. In order to substantiate our hypothesis, we investigated down feathers from a 1-day-old chicken as their uropgygial gland is not functionally active. The results confirmed the osmiophilic reaction, which was concentrated in the center of barbs and strongly reduced after lipid extraction. In these lipid extracts, we identified using thin layer chromatography, cholesterol, various ceramides, glycolipids, phospholipids, and fatty acids, which closely resembled the lipid composition of the water barrier in the chicken-cornified epidermal envelope. This composition is clearly distinct from chicken uropygeal gland secretion (UGS) known to consist of fatty alcohols as part of aliphatic monoester waxes and of free, predominantly saturated, fatty acids. A filter assay showed a strong reactivity between OsO4 and the fatty acids C18:1 and C18:2 and with feather lipid extracts, but not with UGS. These observations were confirmed by gas chromatography detecting unsaturated fatty acids including C18:1 and C18:2 as well as cholesterol exclusively in chicken feathers. Our results indicate that (1) endogenous lipids are detectable in chicken feathers and distinct from UGS and (2) in analogy to the morphogenesis of the cornified envelope of chicken feather lipids that may have derived from cellular feather-precursors, apparently enduring the specific cell death during developmental feather cornification.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Viktoria Zeisler-Diehl
- Ökophysiologie der Pflanzen, Institut für Zelluläre und Molekulare Botanik, Universität Bonn, Kirschallee 1, D-53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Eshrak Ali Ali Al-Khutabi
- LIMES-Institut für Membranbiologie und Lipidbiochemie, Universität Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Str. 1, D-53121, Bonn, Germany
| | - Gregor Kirfel
- Institut für Zellbiologie, Ulrich-Haberland-Str. 61A, D-53121, Bonn, Germany
| | - Lukas Schreiber
- Ökophysiologie der Pflanzen, Institut für Zelluläre und Molekulare Botanik, Universität Bonn, Kirschallee 1, D-53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Gerhild van Echten-Deckert
- LIMES-Institut für Membranbiologie und Lipidbiochemie, Universität Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Str. 1, D-53121, Bonn, Germany
| | - Volker Herzog
- Institut für Zellbiologie, Ulrich-Haberland-Str. 61A, D-53121, Bonn, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Karmegham N, Vellasamy S, Natesan B, Sharma MP, Al Farraj DA, Elshikh MS. Characterization of antifungal metabolite phenazine from rice rhizosphere fluorescent pseudomonads (FPs) and their effect on sheath blight of rice. Saudi J Biol Sci 2020; 27:3313-26. [PMID: 33304137 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2020.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2020] [Revised: 10/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
We have shown, the outcome of antifungal activity of phenazine derivatives which is produced by fluorescent pseudomonads (FPs) for the control of sheath blight of rice. A total of 50 fluorescent pseudomonads (FPs) were isolated from rice rhizosphere. Off which, 36 FPs exhibited antagonistic activity against Rhizoctonia solani, Macrophomina phaseolina, Fusarium oxysporum, Alternaria alternata and Sclerotium rolfsii up to 70–80% compared to control by dual culture method. BOX-PCR analyses of antagonistic isolates indicated that two phylogenetic group, where group I consisted of 28 isolates and eight isolates belongs to group II. Among 36 FPs, a total of 10 FPs revealed that the presence of phenazine derivatives on thin layer chromatography (TLC), which is coincided with that of authentic phenazine with Rf value 0.57. Similar to TLC analysis, antibiotic encoding gene phenazine-1-carboxamide (PCN) was detected in 10 FPs by PCR analysis with respective primer. Among, PCN detected isolates of FPs, a significant biocontrol potential possessing isolate designated as VSMKU1 and it was showed prominent antifungal activity against R. solani and other tested fungal pathogens. Hence, the isolate VSMKU1 was selected for further studies. The selected isolate VSMKU1 was identified as Pseudomonas aeruginosa by 16S rDNA sequence analysis. The antifungal metabolite phenazine like compound produced by VSMKU1 was confirmed by UV, FT-IR and HPLC analysis. The phenazine compound from VSMKU1 significantly arrest the growth of R. solani compared to carbendazim by well diffusion method. The detached leaf assay showed remarkable inhibition of lesion height 80 to 85% by the treatments of culture (VSMKU1), cell free culure filtrate and phenazine like compound compared to control and other treatments was observed in detached leaves of rice. These results emphasized that VSMKU1 isolate can be used as an alternative potential biocontrol agent against sheath blight of rice, instead of using commercial fungicide such as validamycin and carbendazim which cause environmental pollution and health hazards.
Collapse
|
25
|
Li Y, Zhao C, Lu C, Zhou S, Tian G, He L, Bao Y, Fauconnier ML, Xiao H, Zheng J. Simultaneous determination of 14 bioactive citrus flavonoids using thin-layer chromatography combined with surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy. Food Chem 2021; 338:128115. [PMID: 33092006 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.128115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2020] [Revised: 07/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Citrus flavonoids consist of diverse analogs and possess various health-promoting effects dramatically depending on their chemical structures. Since different flavonoids usually co-exist in real samples, it's necessary to develop rapid and efficient methods for simultaneous determination of multiple flavonoids. Thin layer chromatography combined with surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (TLC-SERS) was established to simultaneously separate and detect 14 citrus flavonoids for the first time. These target compounds could be characterized and discriminated when paired with SERS at 6-500 times greater the sensitivity than TLC alone. TLC-SERS exhibited high recovery rates (91.5-121.7%) with relative standard deviation lower than 20.8%. Moreover, the established TLC-SERS method was successfully used to simultaneously detect multiple flavonoids in real samples, which exhibited comparable accuracy to high performance liquid chromatography with shorter analytical time (10 vs 45 min). All the results demonstrated that this could be a promising method for simultaneous, rapid, sensitive and accurate detection of flavonoids.
Collapse
|
26
|
Al-Wadei MJ, Bakheit AH, Abdel-Aziz AAM, Wani TA. Betaxolol: A comprehensive profile. Profiles Drug Subst Excip Relat Methodol 2020; 46:91-136. [PMID: 33461701 DOI: 10.1016/bs.podrm.2020.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Betaxolol is a relatively cardioselective β-adrenoceptor blocking drug, with no partial agonist (intrinsic sympathomimetic) activity and weak membrane-stabilizing (local anesthetic) activity. Betaxolol selectively and competitively binds to and blocks beta-1 (β1) adrenergic receptors in the heart, thereby decreasing cardiac contractility and rate. This leads to a reduction in cardiac output and lowers blood pressure. When applied topically in the eye, this agent reduces aqueous humor secretion and lowers the intraocular pressure (IOP). In addition, betaxolol prevents the release of renin, a hormone secreted by the kidneys that causes constriction of blood vessels. Betaxolol (S)-(-)-enantiomer shows higher pharmacological activity. This chapter provides a complete review of nomenclature, physiochemical properties, methods of preparation, identification techniques and various qualitative and quantitative analytical techniques as well as pharmacology of betaxolol. In addition, the chapter also includes review of several methods for enantiomeric separation betaxolol using chromatographic techniques.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Majed J Al-Wadei
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed H Bakheit
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Al-Neelain University, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Alaa A-M Abdel-Aziz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Tanveer A Wani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Xu L, Liu S. Forecasting structure of natural products through color formation process by thin layer chromatography. Food Chem 2020; 334:127496. [PMID: 32711264 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.127496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Revised: 06/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
With booming of computer technology, it is feasible to quantitatively extract valuable information from readily available image of objects, which dramatically reduces the cost and improves the efficiency. In this work, a structural classification method, based on data extracted from color formation process on thin layer chromatography (TLC) plates through computer processing, was established for natural products. Representative natural products exhibited good clustering and separation according to the extracted color feature, and structure of natural products can be classified by the distribution region in the color system. This method provides structural information for typical types of natural products directly from the formed color on TLC, which is very efficient and make portable device-based structure analysis of natural products possible. In addition, a general mechanism of color formation was proposed. This method is free from special instrument, high-throughput, and would facilitate large-scale screening of bioactives from natural sources.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lujing Xu
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang R & D Center for Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Songbai Liu
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang R & D Center for Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Bidi S, Reshma DC, Srinivas B, Sharma P, Sankanagoudar S. Comparison of urinary amino acid excretory pattern in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and non-diabetic healthy controls at a tertiary referral hospital in India. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2020; 14:357-362. [PMID: 32320943 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2020.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Revised: 04/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
AIM Specific amino acids have been linked to regulation of insulin secretion from pancreatic β-cells; on the contrary, increased concentration of certain amino acids is associated with insulin resistance (IR) and development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Nowadays, urine as a biological sample has attracted more attention for diagnosis of disease for its special superiority; insufficient research in the study of urinary amino acid (UAA) pattern in patients with T2DM has led to the present study with the aim to determine the levels of UAAs, their excretory patterns and the association of UAA to plasma glucose and IR in patients with T2DM. METHODS Quantification of total urinary amino acids was done spectrophotometrically and the patterns of amino acid excretion was elucidated by thin layer chromatography technique. Fasting blood samples were used for plasma glucose and insulin estimation by fully automated analyzer. RESULT The levels of UAA in patients with T2DM in comparison to healthy controls were higher (p < 0.0001). The frequency of urinary phenylalanine, arginine, tryptophan, tyrosine and cysteine were significantly higher in patients with T2DM than controls. There was also a strong positive correlation of UAA levels with blood glucose levels and HOMA-IR in patients with T2DM. CONCLUSION Our study has shown subtle abnormalities in UAA patterns in patients with T2DM. The measurement of UAA levels and excretory pattern can be used as an index of hyperglycemia and IR which could serve as an inexpensive and non-invasive marker for T2DM. More studies are required to confirm this association.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saziya Bidi
- Department of Biochemistry, KAHER, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Belagavi, Karnataka, India; KLES Dr. Prabhakar Kore Hospital & Medical Research Centre, Belagavi, Karnataka, India
| | - D C Reshma
- Department of Biochemistry, KAHER, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Belagavi, Karnataka, India
| | - B Srinivas
- Department of Medicine, KAHER, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Belagavi, Karnataka, India
| | - Praveen Sharma
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Shrimanjunath Sankanagoudar
- Department of Biochemistry, KAHER, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Belagavi, Karnataka, India; Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Martínez R, Navarro-Martín L, van Antro M, Fuertes I, Casado M, Barata C, Piña B. Changes in lipid profiles induced by bisphenol A (BPA) in zebrafish eleutheroembryos during the yolk sac absorption stage. Chemosphere 2020; 246:125704. [PMID: 31887487 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.125704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA; 4,4'-(propane-2,2-diyl)diphenol) has been shown to act as an obesogen and to disrupt lipid metabolism in zebrafish eleutheroembryos (ZE). To characterize the consequences of this disruption, we performed a detailed lipidomic study using ZE exposed to different BPA concentrations (0, 4, 6 and 8 mg/L of BPA) from day 2 to up to day 6 post fertilization (dpf). Total lipids at 4, 5 and 6 dpf were extracted by Folch method and analyzed by high-performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) as wide-range preliminary screening. Selected conditions (0 and 6 mg/L of BPA) were used to obtain a high-quality lipid profile using ultra high-performance liquid chromatography/time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-TOFMS). BPA exposed ZE exhibited increased amounts of triglycerides (TG), diglycerides (DG), phosphatidylcholines (PC) and phosphatidylinositols (PI), regarding the control group. Analysis of time- and BPA exposure-related patterns of specific lipid species showed a clear influence of unsaturation degree (mostly in DG and PC) and/or fatty acid chain length (mostly in TG and PC derivatives) on their response to the presence of BPA. A decreased yolk-sac and energy consumption in exposed individuals appeared as the main reason for the observed BPA-driven effects. Integration of these results with previous morphological, biochemical, transcriptomic, metabolomic and behavioral data suggests a disruption of different signalling pathways by BPA that starts at very low BPA concentrations, whose effects propagate across different organization levels, and that cannot be only explained by the relatively weak estrogenic effect of BPA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rubén Martínez
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research, IDAEA-CSIC, Barcelona, Catalunya, 08034, Spain; Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Catalunya, 08007, Spain.
| | - Laia Navarro-Martín
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research, IDAEA-CSIC, Barcelona, Catalunya, 08034, Spain.
| | - Morgane van Antro
- Laboratory of Evolutionary and Adaptive Physiology, University of Namur, Namur, B5000, Belgium.
| | - Inmaculada Fuertes
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research, IDAEA-CSIC, Barcelona, Catalunya, 08034, Spain.
| | - Marta Casado
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research, IDAEA-CSIC, Barcelona, Catalunya, 08034, Spain.
| | - Carlos Barata
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research, IDAEA-CSIC, Barcelona, Catalunya, 08034, Spain.
| | - Benjamin Piña
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research, IDAEA-CSIC, Barcelona, Catalunya, 08034, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Knossow N, Siebner H, Bernstein A. Isotope analysis method for the herbicide bromoxynil and its application to study photo-degradation processes. J Hazard Mater 2020; 388:122036. [PMID: 31951995 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.122036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Revised: 12/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Bromoxynil is an increasingly applied nitrile herbicide used for post-emergent control of annual broadleaved weeds. Compound-specific isotope analysis (CSIA) of the compound is of interest for studying its environmental fate, yet is challenging following its polar nature. We present a CSIA method for bromoxynil that includes offline thin-layer chromatography purification followed by an elemental analyzer isotope ratio mass spectrometer (EA-IRMS). This method was shown to be accurate and precise for δ13C and δ15N analysis of the compound (standard deviation of replicate standards <0.5‰). The method was applied to photodegraded samples, either radiated under laboratory condition with a UV lamp, or exposed to sunlight under environmental conditions. Dominating degradation products were similar in both cases. Nevertheless, isotope effects differed, presenting a strong inverse carbon isotope effect (εC = 4.74 ± 0.82‰) and a weak inverse nitrogen isotope effect (εN = 0.76 ± 0.12‰) for the laboratory experiment, and an insignificant carbon isotope effect (εC = 0.34 ± 0.44‰) and a normal nitrogen isotope effect (εN = -3.70 ± 0.30‰) for the natural conditions experiment. The differences in δ13C vs. δ15N enrichment trends suggest different mechanism for the two processes. Finally, the obtained dual isotope trend for natural conditions provide the basis for studying the dominance of photodegradation as a degradation route in the environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nadav Knossow
- Zuckerberg Institute for Water Research, Department of Environmental Hydrology and Microbiology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boqer Campus, 8499000, Israel
| | - Hagar Siebner
- Zuckerberg Institute for Water Research, Department of Environmental Hydrology and Microbiology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boqer Campus, 8499000, Israel
| | - Anat Bernstein
- Zuckerberg Institute for Water Research, Department of Environmental Hydrology and Microbiology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boqer Campus, 8499000, Israel.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
LE TN, Da Silva D, Colas C, Darrouzet E, Baril P, Leseurre L, Maunit B. Asian hornet Vespa velutina nigrithorax venom: Evaluation and identification of the bioactive compound responsible for human keratinocyte protection against oxidative stress. Toxicon 2020; 176:1-9. [PMID: 31935389 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2020.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The present study aimed to explore the potential antioxidant molecules of the Asian hornet venom (Vespa velutina nigrithorax) responsible for radical scavenging activity and human keratinocyte protection against oxidative stress. We developed a first technical platform that combined a DPPH radical scavenging chemical assay and cytotoxicity and ROS (reactive oxygen species) production in HaCaT keratinocyte cells exposed to UVB to evaluate the antioxidant property of V. velutina venom. We further employed Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) combined with the DPPH assay as a targeted separation approach to isolate the antioxidant compounds responsible for the free radical scavenging property of V. velutina venom. In parallel, the latter was fractionated by a HPLC-DAD non-targeted separation approach. From this experiment, nine fractions were generated which were again evaluated separately for their antioxidant properties using DPPH assays. Results showed that only one fraction exhibited significant antioxidant activity in which serotonin was identified as the major compound by a UHPLC-ESI-QTOF HRMS/MS approach. We finally demonstrated, using purified serotonin molecule that this bioactive structure is mostly responsible for the free radical scavenging property of the crude venom as evidenced by DPPH and ROS assays in HaCaT cells exposed to UVB.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thao Nhi LE
- University of Orléans, CNRS, ICOA, UMR 7311, F-45067, Orléans, France.
| | - David Da Silva
- University of Orléans, CNRS, ICOA, UMR 7311, F-45067, Orléans, France.
| | - Cyril Colas
- University of Orléans, CNRS, ICOA, UMR 7311, F-45067, Orléans, France; CNRS, CBM, UPR 4301, University of Orléans, F-45071, Orléans, France.
| | - Eric Darrouzet
- IRBI, UMR CNRS 7261, University of Tours, Faculty of Sciences, Parc de Grandmont, 37200, Tours, France.
| | - Patrick Baril
- CNRS, CBM, UPR 4301, University of Orléans, F-45071, Orléans, France.
| | - Lucie Leseurre
- CHIMEX (groupe L'Oréal), 16 Rue Maurice Berteaux, 95500, Le Thillay, France.
| | - Benoît Maunit
- University of Orléans, CNRS, ICOA, UMR 7311, F-45067, Orléans, France; University of Clermont Auvergne, INSERM, IMost, F-63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Chaffai R, Cherif A. The cadmium-induced changes in the polar and neutral lipid compositions suggest the involvement of triacylglycerol in the defense response in maize. Physiol Mol Biol Plants 2020; 26:15-23. [PMID: 32158117 PMCID: PMC7036388 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-019-00734-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Revised: 10/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is a heavy metal ion leading to morphological and physiological disorders in plants; a specific toxicity target is the membrane lipids. The total lipids were separated by thin-layer chromatography, and the fatty acid composition of the total (TLs), polar lipids (PLs) and triacylglycerol (TAG)-a neutral lipid-was analyzed in maize seedlings in hydroponics and treated by various Cd concentrations (0-200 µM Cd). The TLs and PLs significantly decreased in roots after Cd treatment, suggesting the onset of lipid peroxidation mediated by oxygen free radicals, that induce alterations of the membrane structure and function. There were also increases in the TAG from 28.2 to 36.9% of TLs, and the TAG/PLs ratio varied from 0.59 to 0.84, in control and after exposure to 200 µM Cd, respectively. The TAG plays potent roles in membrane turnover serving as energy and carbon resources for the biosynthesis of membrane lipids, to preserve membrane structure and function, and therefore cell homeostasis in response to Cd. In shoots, a significant increase in the levels of C16:0, C18:1, and C18:2, while a decrease in that of C18:3 was observed, suggesting inhibition of desaturases enzymes. These lead to impairment of the chloroplast membrane. The total lipid content did not change under Cd stress. The PLs, however, decreased from 22.4 to 13.6 mg g-1 DW; their percent to TLs varied from 86.6 to 52.5%, in control, and after Cd treatment, respectively. In conclusion, the accumulation of TAG may represent a defense strategy by which maize seedlings can withstand the effects of Cd toxicity, leading to reduced oxidative stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Radhouane Chaffai
- The University of Manouba, ISBST, BVBGR-LR11ES31, Biotechpole Sidi Thabet, 2020 Ariana, Tunisia
- Department of Fundamental Sciences, ISBST, Biotechpole Sidi Thabet, 2020 Ariana, Tunisia
| | - Ameur Cherif
- The University of Manouba, ISBST, BVBGR-LR11ES31, Biotechpole Sidi Thabet, 2020 Ariana, Tunisia
- Department of Fundamental Sciences, ISBST, Biotechpole Sidi Thabet, 2020 Ariana, Tunisia
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Zhao Y, Tan A, Squire K, Sivashanmugan K, Wang AX. Quaternion-based Parallel Feature Extraction: Extending the Horizon of Quantitative Analysis using TLC-SERS Sensing. Sens Actuators B Chem 2019; 299:126902. [PMID: 32863587 PMCID: PMC7448553 DOI: 10.1016/j.snb.2019.126902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Quantitative analysis using thin-layer chromatography coupled in tandem with surface-enhanced Raman scattering (TLC-SERS) still remains a grand challenge due to many uncontrollable variations during the TLC developing process and the random nature of the SERS substrates. Traditional chemometric methods solve this problem by sampling multiple SERS spectra in the sensing spot and then conducting statistical analysis of the SERS signals to mitigate the variation of quantitative analysis, while still ignoring the spatial distribution of the target species and the correlation among the multiple sampling points. In this paper, we proposed for the first time a parallel feature extraction and fusion method based on quaternion signal processing techniques, which can enable quantitative analysis using recently established TLC-SERS techniques. By marking three deterministic sampling points, we recorded spatially correlated SERS spectra to constitute an integral representation model of triple-spectra by a pure quaternion matrix. Quaternion principal component analysis (QPCA) was utilized for features extraction and followed by feature crossing among the quaternion principal components to obtain final fusion spectral feature vectors. Support vector regression (SVR) was then used to establish the quantitative model of melamine-contaminated milk samples with seven concentrations (1ppm to 250ppm). Compared with traditional TLC-SERS analysis methods, QPCA method significantly improved the accuracy of quantification by reaching only 7% and 2% quantization errors at 20 and 105 ppm concentration. Validation testing based on reasonable amount of statistic measurement results showed consistently smaller measurement errors and variance, which proved the effectiveness of QPCA method for TLC-SERS based quantitative sensing applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yong Zhao
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
- School of Electrical Engineering, The Key Laboratory of Measurement Technology and Instrumentation of Hebei Province, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, Hebei 066004, P.R. China
| | - Ailing Tan
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
- School of Information Science and Engineering, The Key Laboratory for Special Fiber and Fiber Sensor of Hebei Province, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, Hebei 066004, P.R. China
| | - Kenny Squire
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
| | - Kundan Sivashanmugan
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
| | - Alan X. Wang
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Zhou D, Li Y, Huang L, Qian M, Li D, Sun G, Yang B. A reliable and cost-efficient TLC-HPLC method for determining total florfenicol residues in porcine edible tissues. Food Chem 2020; 303:125399. [PMID: 31470274 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.125399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Revised: 08/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
It is still a challenge to solve the matrix interferences in veterinary drug residue analysis. In this study, we reported a thin layer chromatography (TLC)-high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method for determining total florfenicol (FF) residues, expressed as florfenicol amine (FFA), in porcine edible tissues. The tissue homogenate were acid-hydrolyzed to liberate the bound residues and convert them into FFA. The hydrolysates were washed with ethyl acetate and subsequently extracted with ethyl acetate under alkaline conditions. The supernatants were concentrated through evaporation, defatted with hexane, purified by TLC and analyzed by HPLC at 225 nm. The optimal developing solvent for TLC purification was ethyl acetate-acetone-ammonium hydroxide mixtures (2:8:0.5, v/v/v). The method was fully validated according to decision 2002/657/EC, and could be used for the routine monitoring of FF residues in pig. TLC showed excellent purification efficiency, and was expected to solve the matrix interferences in veterinary drug residue analysis.
Collapse
|
35
|
Qian M, Zhou D, Wang Q, Gao J, Li D, Li Y, Yang B. A reliable, simple and cost-efficient TLC-HPLC method for simultaneously determining florfenicol and florfenicol amine in porcine urine: application to residue surveillance. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2019; 36:1218-1227. [PMID: 31192771 DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2019.1627004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Violative residues of florfenicol (FF) in porcine edible tissues pose a potential risk for human health. In this study, urine was selected as target matrix for routine residue monitoring of FF in pig, and a thin layer chromatography (TLC)-high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method was developed for simultaneously determining FF and florfenicol amine (FFA) in porcine urine. The urine samples were extracted with ethyl acetate under alkaline environment. The extracts were enriched through evaporation, purified by TLC and analysed by HPLC at 225 nm. A Waters Symmetry C18 column was used for the separation of the two analytes. The mobile phase was acetonitrile-phosphate buffer mixtures (33.3: 66.7, v/v), and was pumped at 0.6 mL/min. The TLC-HPLC method was well validated and successfully applied to residue depletion study. Good analytical specificity was confirmed by the lack of interfering peaks at the retention times of FF and FFA. The standard curves showed good linearity (FF: y = 143064x - 1045.3, r= 0.9999; FFA: y = 275826x + 1888.8, r= 0.9999) over the range of 0.0625-8 μg/mL. The precision ranged from 0.83% to 11.66% and 2.19% to 8.75% for intraday and interday determination, respectively. The corresponding accuracy ranged from -13.38% to 10.78% and -12.15% to 7.14%, respectively. The limits of quantification (LOQs) for FF and FFA were 0.125 μg/mL. The residue depletion study showed that the concentrations of FF and FFA in urine were higher than those in edible tissues at three time points. This method was reliable, simple and cost efficient, and could be used to monitor FF residues in porcine edible tissue without slaughtering animals. TLC showed excellent purification efficiency and is expected to solve matrix interferences in veterinary drug residue analysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mingrong Qian
- a State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Zhejiang Sustainable Plant Pest Control, Institute of Quality and Standard for Agro-Products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Hangzhou , Zhejiang , RP China
| | - Danna Zhou
- b Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control Agents for Animal Bacteriosis (Ministry of Agriculture), Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Institute, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Science , Wuhan , Hubei , China
| | - Qianyong Wang
- c Teaching and Research Section of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Wuhan Agricultural School , Wuhan , Hubei , P.R. China
| | - Jindong Gao
- d College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan , Hubei , P.R. China
| | - Dong Li
- e Department of Public Health, Wuhan Animal Disease Control Center, , Wuhan , Hubei , P.R. China
| | - Yachao Li
- f Hubei Engineering Research Center of Viral Vector, Wuhan University of Bioengineering , Wuhan , Hubei , P.R. China
| | - Bo Yang
- f Hubei Engineering Research Center of Viral Vector, Wuhan University of Bioengineering , Wuhan , Hubei , P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Baati N, Feillet-Coudray C, Fouret G, Vernus B, Goustard B, Jollet M, Bertrand-Gaday C, Coudray C, Lecomte J, Bonnieu A, Koechlin-Ramonatxo C. New evidence of exercise training benefits in myostatin-deficient mice: Effect on lipidomic abnormalities. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 516:89-95. [PMID: 31200956 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Myostatin (Mstn) inactivation or inhibition is considered as a promising treatment for various muscle-wasting disorders because it promotes muscle growth. However, myostatin-deficient hypertrophic muscles show strong fatigability associated with abnormal mitochondria and lipid metabolism. Here, we investigated whether endurance training could improve lipid metabolism and mitochondrial membrane lipid composition in mice where the Mstn gene was genetically ablated (Mstn-/- mice). In Mstn-/- mice, 4 weeks of daily running exercise sessions (65-70% of the maximal aerobic speed for 1 h) improved significantly aerobic performance, particularly the endurance capacity (up to +280% compared with untrained Mstn-/- mice), to levels comparable to those of trained wild type (WT) littermates. The expression of oxidative and lipid metabolism markers also was increased, as indicated by the upregulation of the Cpt1, Ppar-δ and Fasn genes. Moreover, endurance training also increased, but far less than WT, citrate synthase level and mitochondrial protein content. Interestingly endurance training normalized the cardiolipin fraction in the mitochondrial membrane of Mstn-/- muscle compared with WT. These results suggest that the combination of myostatin inhibition and endurance training could increase the muscle mass while preserving the physical performance with specific effects on cardiolipin and lipid-related pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Narjes Baati
- INRA, UMR866 Dynamique Musculaire Et Métabolisme, Université Montpellier, 34000, Montpellier, France
| | - Christine Feillet-Coudray
- INRA, UMR866 Dynamique Musculaire Et Métabolisme, Université Montpellier, 34000, Montpellier, France
| | - Gilles Fouret
- INRA, UMR866 Dynamique Musculaire Et Métabolisme, Université Montpellier, 34000, Montpellier, France
| | - Barbara Vernus
- INRA, UMR866 Dynamique Musculaire Et Métabolisme, Université Montpellier, 34000, Montpellier, France
| | - Bénédicte Goustard
- INRA, UMR866 Dynamique Musculaire Et Métabolisme, Université Montpellier, 34000, Montpellier, France
| | - Maxence Jollet
- INRA, UMR866 Dynamique Musculaire Et Métabolisme, Université Montpellier, 34000, Montpellier, France
| | - Christelle Bertrand-Gaday
- INRA, UMR866 Dynamique Musculaire Et Métabolisme, Université Montpellier, 34000, Montpellier, France
| | - Charles Coudray
- INRA, UMR866 Dynamique Musculaire Et Métabolisme, Université Montpellier, 34000, Montpellier, France
| | - Jérôme Lecomte
- Centre de Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement)/SupAgro, UMR IATE, F-34398, Montpellier, France
| | - Anne Bonnieu
- INRA, UMR866 Dynamique Musculaire Et Métabolisme, Université Montpellier, 34000, Montpellier, France
| | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Abstract
Scombroid fish poisoning caused by histamine intoxication is one of the most prevalent allergies associated with seafood consumption in the United States. Typical symptoms range from mild itching up to fatal cardiovascular collapse seen in anaphylaxis. In this paper, we demonstrate rapid, sensitive, and quantitative detection of histamine in both artificially spoiled tuna solution and real spoiled tuna samples using thin layer chromatography in tandem with surface-enhanced Raman scattering (TLC-SERS) sensing methods, enabled by machine learning analysis based on support vector regression (SVR) after feature extraction with principal component analysis (PCA). The TLC plates used herein, which were made from commercial food-grade diatomaceous earth, served simultaneously as the stationary phase to separate histamine from the blended tuna meat and as ultra-sensitive SERS substrates to enhance the detection limit. Using a simple drop cast method to dispense gold colloidal nanoparticles onto the diatomaceous earth plate, we were able to directly detect histamine concentration in artificially spoiled tuna solution down to 10 ppm. Based on the TLC-SERS spectral data of real tuna samples spoiled at room temperature for 0 to 48 hours, we used the PCA-SVR quantitative model to achieve superior predictive performance exceling traditional partial least squares regression (PLSR) method. This work proves that diatomaceous earth based TLC-SERS technique combined with machine-learning analysis is a cost-effective, reliable, and accurate approach for on-site detection and quantification of seafood allergen to enhance food safety.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ailing Tan
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
- School of Information Science and Engineering, The Key Laboratory for Special Fiber and Fiber Sensor of Hebei Province, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, Hebei 066004, P.R. China
| | - Yong Zhao
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
- School of Electrical Engineering, The Key Laboratory of Measurement Technology and Instrumentation of Hebei Province, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, Hebei 066004, P.R. China
| | - Kundan Sivashanmugan
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
| | - Kenneth Squire
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
| | - Alan X Wang
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Kanlidere Z, Karatuna O, Kocagöz T. Rapid detection of beta-lactamase production including carbapenemase by thin layer chromatography. J Microbiol Methods 2019; 156:15-9. [PMID: 30468751 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2018.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Revised: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To develop a rapid and simple method that can identify the presence of β-lactamases in clinical isolates and samples, and determine their activity on different types of β-lactam antibiotics, including carbapenems, within one hour. METHODS In this study, we describe a thin layer chromatography-based method for rapid detection of β-lactamases including carbapenemases. The method relies on the examination of changes in the migration rate of β-lactams in chromatography, due to degradation by β-lactamase enzymes. A total of 44 isolates, 29 carbapenemase-producers and 15 non-carbapenemase-producers, were screened by this method. RESULTS The method has proven to be able to distinguish β-lactamases as carbapenemase or non-carbapenemase producing strains with high sensitivity in one hour. CONCLUSIONS The method developed, provides information about the production of β-lactamases by bacteria and β-lactam drugs inactivated by these enzymes, including carbapenems. This new method may play an important role in guiding antimicrobial treatment, especially in critically ill patients infected bacteria producing β-lactamases.
Collapse
|
39
|
Kumar D, Kumar G, Das R, Kumar R, Agrawal V. In vitro elicitation, isolation, and characterization of conessine biomolecule from Holarrhena antidysenterica (L.) Wall. callus and its larvicidal activity against malaria vector, Anopheles stephensi Liston. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2018; 25:6783-6796. [PMID: 29264854 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-1038-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In vitro elicitation of an important compound conessine has been done in the bark-derived callus culture of Holarrhena antidysenterica (L.) Wall. employing different elicitors. For induction of callus, green bark explants excised from field-grown plants were cultured on MS medium augmented with different concentrations (0, 1, 2.5, 5, and 10 μM) of various growth regulators such as BA, IBA, NAA, and 2,4-D either alone or in combinations. The maximum amount of conessine (458.18 ± 0.89d μg/g dry wt.) was achieved in callus developed on MS medium supplemented with 5 μM BA and 5 μM 2,4-D through HPLC analysis. Elicitation in conessine content in the above callus was achieved employing a variety of organic (phenylalanine, tyrosine, chitosan, tryptophan, casein hydrolysate, proline, sucrose, and yeast extract) as well as inorganic elicitors (Pb(NO3)2, As2O3, CuSO4, NaCl, and CdCl2) in different concentrations. The optimum enhancement in conessine content (3518.58 ± 0.28g μg/g dry wt.) was seen at the highest concentration (200 mg/L) of phenylalanine. The enhancement was elicitor specific and dose dependent. The overall increment of the conessine content was seen in the order of phenylalanine > tryptophan > Pb(NO3)2 > sucrose > NaCl > As2O3 > casein hydrolysate > CdCl2 > chitosan > proline > yeast extract > CuSO4 > tyrosine. The isolation and purification of conessine was done using methanol as a solvent system through column chromatography (CC) and TLC. The isolated compound was characterized by FT-IR, 1H-NMR, and HRMS which confirmed with the structure of conessine. The bioassays conducted with the isolated compound revealed a strong larvicidal activity against Anopheles stephensi Liston with LC50 and LC90 values being 1.93 and 5.67 ppm, respectively, without harming the nontarget organism, Mesocyclops thermocyclopoides Harada, after 48 h of treatment. This is our first report for the isolation and elicitation of conessine in the callus culture of H. antidysenterica.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dinesh Kumar
- Department of Botany, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India
| | - Gaurav Kumar
- National Institute of Malaria Research, Dwarka, New Delhi, 110077, India
| | - Ram Das
- National Institute of Malaria Research, Dwarka, New Delhi, 110077, India
| | - Ravindra Kumar
- Department of Botany, Hindu College, New Delhi, 110007, India
| | - Veena Agrawal
- Department of Botany, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Gu X, Jin Y, Dong F, Cai Y, You Z, You J, Zhang L, Du S. Toward rapid analysis, forecast and discovery of bioactive compounds from herbs by jointly using thin layer chromatography and ratiometric surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy technique. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2018; 153:9-15. [PMID: 29459236 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2018.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Revised: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Conventional isolation and identification of active compounds from herbs have been extensively reported by using various chromatographic and spectroscopic techniques. However, how to quickly discover new bioactive ingredients from natural sources still remains a challenging task due to the interference of their similar structures or matrices. Here, we present a grand approach for rapid analysis, forecast and discovery of bioactive compounds from herbs based on a hyphenated strategy of thin layer chromatography and ratiometric surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy. The performance of the hyphenated strategy is first evaluated by analyzing four protoberberine alkaloids, berberine (BER), coptisine (COP), palmatine (PAT) and jatrorrhizine (JAT), from a typical herb Coptidis Rhizoma as an example. It has been demonstrated that this coupling method can identify the four compounds by characteristic peaks at 728, 708, 736 and 732 cm-1, and especially discriminate BER and COP (with similar migration distances) by ratiometric Raman intensity (I708/I728). The corresponding limits of detection are 0.1, 0.05, 0.1 and 0.5 μM, respectively, which are about 1-2 orders of magnitude lower than those of direct observation method under 254 nm UV lamp. Based on these findings, the proposed method further guides forecast and discovery of unknown compounds from traditional Chinese herb Typhonii Rhizoma. Results infer that two trace alkaloids (BER and COP) from the n-butanol extract of Typhonii Rhizoma are found for the first time. Moreover, in vitro experiments manifest that BER can effectively decrease the viability of human glioma U87 cells by inducing cell cycle arrest in a concentration-dependent manner.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoling Gu
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, China
| | - Yang Jin
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Drug Research of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166,China
| | - Fang Dong
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, China
| | - Yueqing Cai
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, China
| | - Zhengyi You
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, China
| | - Junhui You
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, China
| | - Liying Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, China
| | - Shuhu Du
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, China.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Abstract
One relevant aspect for understanding the bottlenecks that modulate the spread of resistance among bacterial pathogens consists in the effect that the acquisition of resistance may have on the microbial physiology . Whereas studies on the effect of acquiring resistance of bacterial growth are frequently performed, more detailed analyses aiming to understand in depth the cross talk between resistance and virulence, including bacterial communication are less frequent. The bacterial quorum sensing system, is an important intraspecific and interspecific communication system highly relevant for many physiological processes, including virulence and bacterial/host interactions. Some works have shown that the acquisition of antibiotic resistance may impair the quorum sensing response. In addition, some antibiotics as antimicrobial peptides can affect the production and accumulation of the quorum sensing signal molecules. Given the relevance that this system has in the bacterial behavior in the human host, it is important to study the effect that the acquisition of antibiotic resistance may have on the production of quorum sensing signals. In this chapter we present a set of methods for measuring quorum sensing signals based on the use of biosensor strains, either coupled to Thin Layer Chromatography or for performing automated luminometry/spectrophotometry assays. We use Pseudomonas aeruginosa as bacterial model because it has a complex quorum system than encloses different signals. Namely, P. aeruginosa quorum sensing system consists in three different interconnected regulatory networks, each one presenting a specific autoinducer molecule: the las system, which signal is N-(3-oxo-dodecanoyl)-L-homoserine lactone, the rhl system, which signal is N-butanoyl-homoserine lactone and the pqs system, which signals are 2-heptyl-3-hydroxy-4(1H)-quinolone together with its immediate precursor 2-heptyl-4-hydroxy-quinoline.
Collapse
|
42
|
Auyyuenyong R, Henze A, Ungru J, Schweigert FJ, Raila J, Vervuert I. Determination of lipid profiles in serum of obese ponies before and after weight reduction by using multi-one-dimensional thin-layer chromatography. Res Vet Sci 2017; 117:111-117. [PMID: 29241051 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2017.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Revised: 11/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is a key component of equine metabolic syndrome, which is highly associated with laminitis. Feed restriction and/or exercise are known to alleviate the detrimental effects of insulin resistance in obese ponies. However, little is known about changes in the serum lipid patterns due to weight reduction and its association with disease outcomes. Therefore, the lipid patterns in the serum of 14 mature ponies before and after a 14-week body weight reduction program (BWRP) were investigated by multi-one-dimensional thin-layer chromatography (MOD-TLC). Additionally, sensitivity to insulin (SI), body condition scores (BCS) and cresty neck scores (CNS) were measured. A BWRP resulted in a significant loss of body weight (P<0.001), which was associated with beneficial decreases in BCS and CNS (both, P<0.001). Serum lipid compositions revealed significantly increased free fatty acid (FFA), sphingomyelin (SM; both P<0.001), total cholesterol (C) and cholesterol ester (CE) (both P<0.01) and triacylglycerol (TG; P<0.05) densities. Improvement of SI after the BWRP was associated with increases in neutral lipids (C, CE and TG, all P<0.01), FFA and the phospholipid SM (both, P<0.001). The results show that a BWRP in obese ponies was effective and associated with changes in the concentrations of neutral lipids and the phospholipid SM, indicating that SM may play a role in insulin signaling pathways and thus in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance and the progression of metabolic syndrome in obese ponies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ratchada Auyyuenyong
- Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Andrea Henze
- Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Julia Ungru
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Nutrition Diseases and Dietetics, University of Leipzig, An den Tierklinken 9, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Florian J Schweigert
- Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Jens Raila
- Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany.
| | - Ingrid Vervuert
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Nutrition Diseases and Dietetics, University of Leipzig, An den Tierklinken 9, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Manual Kollareth DJ, Chang CL, Hansen IH, Deckelbaum RJ. Radiolabeled cholesteryl ethers: A need to analyze for biological stability before use. Biochem Biophys Rep 2018; 13:1-6. [PMID: 29188234 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2017.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiolabeled cholesteryl ethers are widely used as non-metabolizable tracers for lipoproteins and lipid emulsions in a variety of in vitro and in vivo experiments. Since cholesteryl ethers do not leave cells after uptake and are not hydrolyzed by mammalian cellular enzymes, these compounds can act as markers for cumulative cell uptakes of labeled particles. We have employed [3H]cholesteryl oleoyl ether to study the uptake and distribution of triglyceride-rich emulsion particles on animal models. However, questionable unexpected results compelled us to analyze the stability of these ethers. We tested the stability of two commercially available radiolabeled cholesteryl ethers - [3H]cholesteryl oleoyl ether and [3H]cholesteryl hexadecyl ether from different suppliers, employing in vitro, in vivo and chemical model systems. Our results show that, among the two cholesteryl ethers tested, one ether was hydrolyzed to free cholesterol in vitro, in vivo and chemically under alkaline hydrolyzing agent. Free cholesterol, unlike cholesteryl ether, can then re-enter the circulation leading to confounding results. The other ether was not hydrolyzed to free cholesterol and remained as a stable ether. Hence, radiolabeled cholesteryl ethers should be analyzed for biological stability before utilizing them for in vitro or in vivo experiments. Tested stability of two commercially available radiolabeled cholesteryl ethers. One ether was hydrolyzed to free cholesterol (FC) in vitro and in vivo. FC, re-entered circulation giving questionable unexpected results in experiments. The other ether was unhydrolyzed in all model systems. Radiolabeled cholesteryl ethers should be analyzed for stability before use.
Collapse
|
44
|
Gondil VS, Asif M, Bhalla TC. Optimization of physicochemical parameters influencing the production of prodigiosin from Serratia nematodiphila RL2 and exploring its antibacterial activity. 3 Biotech 2017; 7:338. [PMID: 28955635 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-017-0979-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, role of various physicochemical parameters influencing the production of antimicrobial pigment prodigiosin from Serratia nematodiphila RL2 was determined and optimized. The pigment-producing strain was isolated and based on molecular characterization (16S rRNA sequencing), was identified as S. nematodiphila RL2. The pigment produced by S. nematodiphila RL2 was characterized by thin layer chromatography (Rf 0.94), spectrophotometrically (λmax 535 nm) and identified as prodigiosin. Optimization of production parameters of prodigiosin revealed, nutrient broth medium supplemented with lactose and yeast extract at 1% concentration each, have a positive effect on the bacterial growth (10.25-4.6 mg/ml DCW) as well as pigment production (0.46-0.6 mg/ml). Prodigiosin production (0.64 mg/ml) increases optimally after 46-48 h of incubation, at 35 °C at pH between 6 and 7 with addition of metal ions such as Uranyl acetate. An increase of 65% in prodigiosin production (0.46-0.76 mg/ml) was observed after optimizing the various production parameters than unoptimized conditions. Antimicrobial activity of the prodigiosin was also evaluated and found to be effective antimicrobial agent against bacterial pathogens including Listeria sp., Pseudomonas sp., Yersinia sp. and Shigella sp. Present study indicate that S. nematodiphila RL2 is a potent source of pigment prodigiosin which can be further explored for production of prodigiosin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vijay Singh Gondil
- Department of Biotechnology, Himachal Pradesh University, Summer Hill, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh 171005 India
| | - Mohammad Asif
- Department of Biotechnology, Himachal Pradesh University, Summer Hill, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh 171005 India
| | - Tek Chand Bhalla
- Department of Biotechnology, Himachal Pradesh University, Summer Hill, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh 171005 India
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Yang J, Sun G, Qian M, Huang L, Ke X, Yang B. Development of a high-performance liquid chromatography method for the determination of florfenicol in animal feedstuffs. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2017; 1068-1069:9-14. [PMID: 29028619 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2017.09.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Revised: 09/27/2017] [Accepted: 09/28/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
An effective thin layer chromatography (TLC) purification procedure coupled to high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method was developed for the determination of florfenicol (FF) in pig, chicken and fish feedstuffs. The feedstuff samples were extracted with ethyl acetate, defatted with n-hexane saturated with acetonitrile, and further purified by TLC. The chromatographic separation was performed on a Waters Symmetry C18 column using an isocratic procedure with acetonitrile-water (35:65, v/v) at 0.6mL/min. The ultraviolet (UV) detector was set at a wavelength of 225nm. The FF concentrations in feedstuff samples were quantified using a standard curve. Good linear correlations (y=159075x-15054, r>0.9999) were achieved within the concentration range of 0.05-200μg/mL. The recoveries of FF spiked at levels of 1, 100 and 1000μg/g ranged from 80.6% to 105.3% with the intra-day and inter-day relative standard deviation (RSD) less than 9.3%. The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantitation (LOQ) were 0.02 and 0.06mg/kg for pig feedstuffs, 0.02 and 0.07mg/kg for chicken feedstuffs, and 0.02 and 0.05mg/kg for fish feedstuffs, respectively. This reliable, simple and cost-effective method could be applied to the routine monitoring of FF in animal feedstuffs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- JinJing Yang
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues/MOA Key Laboratory of Food Safety Evaluation, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China.
| | - GuiZhi Sun
- Hubei Engineering Research Center of Viral Vector, Wuhan Institute of Bioengineering, Wuhan 430415, PR China.
| | - MingRong Qian
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Zhejiang Sustainable Plant Pest Control; Institute of Quality and Standard for Agro-Products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, PR China.
| | - LingLi Huang
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues/MOA Key Laboratory of Food Safety Evaluation, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China.
| | - XianBing Ke
- Hubei Engineering Research Center of Viral Vector, Wuhan Institute of Bioengineering, Wuhan 430415, PR China.
| | - Bo Yang
- Hubei Engineering Research Center of Viral Vector, Wuhan Institute of Bioengineering, Wuhan 430415, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Sun Y, Wang H, Wang W, Hu B, Zhou L, Ye H, Zeng X. Changes in molecular structure of chickpea starch during processing treatments: A thin layer chromatography study. Food Chem 2017; 243:186-191. [PMID: 29146326 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.09.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Revised: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
To detect the changes in molecular structure of chickpea starch during processing treatments, a thin layer chromatographic method for characterizing the molecular structure of chickpea starch was developed. With this method, the components in chickpea starch could be divided into amylopectin, small linear molecules and large linear molecules, and their contents could be determined. It was found that the degrees of polymerization of the large linear molecules and small linear molecules in chickpea enzyme-resistant starch were about 40 and below 15, respectively. Furthermore, the small linear molecules were more susceptible to α-amylase hydrolysis than the large linear molecules. The results suggested that the large linear molecules and small linear molecules in chickpea enzyme-resistant starch might mainly originate from the amylose and amylopectin of native chickpea starch, respectively, based on the retrogradation properties of amylose and amylopectin and the enzymatic degradation behavior of the large linear molecules and small linear molecules.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yongkang Sun
- College of Food and Drug, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang 233100, China; College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Hualei Wang
- College of Food and Drug, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang 233100, China
| | - Wei Wang
- College of Food Science and Pharmacy, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China
| | - Bing Hu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Li Zhou
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Hong Ye
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xiaoxiong Zeng
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Sereshti H, Poursorkh Z, Aliakbarzadeh G, Zarre S, Ataolahi S. An image analysis of TLC patterns for quality control of saffron based on soil salinity effect: A strategy for data (pre)-processing. Food Chem 2017; 239:831-839. [PMID: 28873641 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Revised: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Quality of saffron, a valuable food additive, could considerably affect the consumers' health. In this work, a novel preprocessing strategy for image analysis of saffron thin layer chromatographic (TLC) patterns was introduced. This includes performing a series of image pre-processing techniques on TLC images such as compression, inversion, elimination of general baseline (using asymmetric least squares (AsLS)), removing spots shift and concavity (by correlation optimization warping (COW)), and finally conversion to RGB chromatograms. Subsequently, an unsupervised multivariate data analysis including principal component analysis (PCA) and k-means clustering was utilized to investigate the soil salinity effect, as a cultivation parameter, on saffron TLC patterns. This method was used as a rapid and simple technique to obtain the chemical fingerprints of saffron TLC images. Finally, the separated TLC spots were chemically identified using high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detection (HPLC-DAD). Accordingly, the saffron quality from different areas of Iran was evaluated and classified.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Sereshti
- School of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Zahra Poursorkh
- School of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Shahin Zarre
- Center of Excellence in Phylogeny of Living Organisms, and Department of Plant Sciences, School of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sahar Ataolahi
- School of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Pitman MR, Davies LT, Pitson SM. An Improved Isoform-Selective Assay for Sphingosine Kinase 1 Activity. Methods Mol Biol 2017; 1697:9-20. [PMID: 28540558 DOI: 10.1007/7651_2017_41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
Abstract
Sphingosine kinases (SK) are the sole enzymes responsible for the production of sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P). S1P is a signaling molecule with a plethora of targets, acting as both a second messenger intracellularly and extracellularly via a family of cell surface G-protein-coupled S1P receptors. The two sphingosine kinases, SK1 and SK2, arise from different genes and have some distinct and overlapping cellular functions that are regulated in part by differential cellular localization, developmental expression, and catalytic properties. Here, we describe an improved method for selectively detecting SK1 activity in vitro and cell lysates via the use of the zwitterionic detergent CHAPS, which effectively inhibits SK2 activity and thus allows selective analysis of SK1 activity in a range of cell samples. The assay measures the production of 32P-labeled S1P following the addition of exogenous sphingosine and [γ32P]ATP. The S1P product can be purified by Bligh-Dyer solvent extraction, separated by thin layer chromatography (TLC), and the radiolabeled S1P quantified by exposing the TLC plate to a storage phosphor screen. This sensitive, reproducible assay can be used to selectively detect SK1 activity in tissue, cell, and recombinant protein samples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Melissa R Pitman
- Molecular Signalling Laboratory, Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia and SA Pathology, Frome Road, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - Lorena T Davies
- Molecular Signalling Laboratory, Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia and SA Pathology, Frome Road, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - Stuart M Pitson
- Molecular Signalling Laboratory, Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia and SA Pathology, Frome Road, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Jha BN, Shrestha M, Pandey DP, Bhattarai T, Bhattarai HD, Paudel B. Investigation of antioxidant, antimicrobial and toxicity activities of lichens from high altitude regions of Nepal. BMC Complement Altern Med 2017; 17:282. [PMID: 28545438 PMCID: PMC5445338 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-017-1797-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Background Several lichen species are reported to be used tradiationally in many theraupatic practices. Many lichen species are reported as sources of several bioactive natural compounds. Several lichen species of Nepal are so far chemically unexplored. Methods The morphological, anatomical and phytochemical characteristics of lichens were compared for the taxonomic identification of the species. Methanol- water extract of lichens were sub fractionated into hexane, dichloromethane and methanol fractions for bioactivity assays. Antimicrobial activities of extracts were evaluated agaisnt pathogenic bacteria and fungal species. DPPH test was used for antioxidant potential evaluation. Brineshrimp test was perfermed to evaluate toxicity of the extracts. Results A total of 84 lichen specimens were collected and identified from Annapurna Conservation Area (ACA) Nepal. The specimens were identified as belonging to 19 genera and 47 species. Methanol fractions of 16 specimens and dichloromethane (DCM) fractions of 21 lichens specimens showed antioxidant activities comparable with commercial standards (BHA, Butylated hydroxyanisole, IC50=4.9±0.9 μg/mL) even at crude extract level. Similarly, the DCM fraction of 17 lichens showed potential antimicrobial activity against a Gram-positive bacterium (Staphylococcus aureus KCTC3881) and DCM fractions of 45 lichens showed antimicrobial activity against a Gram-negative bacterium (Klebsiella pneumoniae KCTC2242). DCM fractions of three lichens showed antifungal activity against the yeast, Candida albicans KCTC 7965. Likewise, methanol fractions of 39 lichens and DCM fractions of 74 lichens showed strong toxicity against brine shrimp nauplii with more than 80% mortality. Conclusion Such biological activity-rich lichen specimens warrant further research on exploration of natural products with antioxidant, antimicrobial and anti cancer (toxic) potential.
Collapse
|
50
|
Hosseini SM, Bahramnejad B, Douleti Baneh H, Emamifar A, Goodwin PH. Hairy root culture optimization and resveratrol production from Vitis vinifera subsp. sylvesteris. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2017; 33:67. [PMID: 28271384 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-017-2235-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Accepted: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Resveratrol is a polyphenolic compound produced in very low levels in grapes. To achieve high yield of resveratrol in wild grape, three Agrobacterium rhizogenes strains, Ar318, ArA4 and LBA9402, were used to induce hairy roots following infection of internodes, nodes or petioles of in vitro grown Vitis vinifera subsp. sylvesteris accessions W2 and W16, and cultivar Rasha. The effects of inoculation time, age of explants, bacterial concentration and co-cultivation times were examined on the efficiency of the production of hairy roots. Strains Ar318, ArA4 and LBA9402 all induced hairy roots in the tested genotypes, but the efficiency of ArA4 strain was higher than the other strains. The highest hairy root production was with using internodes as explants. The transformation of hairy roots lines was confirmed by PCR detection of rolB gene. Half Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium was better for biomass production compared with MS medium. HPLC analysis of resveratrol production in the hairy root cultures showed that all the genotypes produced higher amounts of resveratrol than control roots. The highest amount of resveratrol was produced from W16 internode cultures, which was 31-fold higher than that of control root. Furthermore, TLC analysis showed that treatments of hairy roots with sodium acetate and jasmonate elevated resveratrol levels both in hairy root tissue and excreted into the half MS medium. These results demonstrate that endogenous and exogenous factors can affect resveratrol production in hairy root culture of grape, and this strategy could be used to increase low resveratrol production in grapes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sayed Mehdi Hosseini
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, University of Kurdistan, P.O. Box: 416, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Bahman Bahramnejad
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, University of Kurdistan, P.O. Box: 416, Sanandaj, Iran.
| | - Hamed Douleti Baneh
- Department of Seed and Plant Breeding, Agricultural and Natural Resource Research Centre of West Azerbaijan, Uremia, Iran
| | - Aryo Emamifar
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Paul H Goodwin
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada
| |
Collapse
|