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Kaushal R, Kaur B, Panesar PS, Anal AK, Chu-Ky S. Valorization of pineapple rind for bromelain extraction using microwave assisted technique: optimization, purification, and structural characterization. J Food Sci Technol 2024; 61:551-562. [PMID: 38327857 PMCID: PMC10844161 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-023-05863-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Huge amount of waste is generated by the pineapple processing industries which raises concerns regarding its safe disposal into the environment. This ever-increasing problem of waste management can be solved by the valorization of pineapple by-products to high-value compounds. The extraction of proteolytic enzyme, bromelain from pineapple rind using green techniques can help to overcome the drawbacks associated with conventional methods. In the present study, the extraction of bromelain from pineapple rind using microwave assisted technique resulted in considerable amount of proteolytic activity (127.8 U/mL) and protein content (2.55 mg/mL). The optimized extraction conditions were found as 200 W microwave power, 1:5 solid/ liquid ratio and after treatment time of 10 min. Highest specific activity (512 U/mg) of bromelain was obtained after using gel filtration chromatography. FTIR result confirmed the presence of functional groups in bromelain, whereas, XRD analysis indicated the semi-crystalline nature of bromelain. The results indicated MAE as an effective green technique for the extraction of bromelain from pineapple rind. The proteolytic action of the extracted bromelain makes it a suitable functional ingredient for its applications in bakery, dairy, and seafood processing industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritika Kaushal
- Department of Food Engineering and Technology, Sant Longowal Institute of Engineering and Technology, Longowal, Punjab 148106 India
| | - Brahmeet Kaur
- Department of Food Engineering and Technology, Sant Longowal Institute of Engineering and Technology, Longowal, Punjab 148106 India
| | - Parmjit S. Panesar
- Department of Food Engineering and Technology, Sant Longowal Institute of Engineering and Technology, Longowal, Punjab 148106 India
| | - Anil K. Anal
- Department of Food, Agriculture, and Bioresources, School of Environment, Resources and Development, Asian Institute of Technology, Klong Luang, Pathum Thani, 12120 Thailand
| | - Son Chu-Ky
- School of Biotechnology and Food Technology, Hanoi University of Science, and Technology, Hai Ba Trung, Hanoi, 100000 Vietnam
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Queffelec J, Flórez-Fernández N, Torres MD, Domínguez H. Evernia prunastri lichen as a source of bioactive glucans with potential for topical applications. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 258:128859. [PMID: 38134984 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.128859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Microwave hydrothermal treatment was selected to extract valuable fractions with bioactive and gelling properties from Evernia prunastri lichen with potential for topical applications. The impact of the extraction processing conditions on the soluble extracts, mucilage fraction and residual solid phase was analyzed within a lichen global valorization approach. A particular stress was made on the thermo-rheological and structural characteristics of the extracted glucan and galactomannan polymers, the corresponding gelled matrices, and their cosmetic feasibility. Results revealed that the proposed microwave-assisted treatment showed a relevant influence on the phytochemical features of the aqueous soluble extracts, accounting the major protein content at 120 °C and the enhanced antioxidant and anti-tyrosinase properties at 140 °C. Extracts at 200 °C showed the highest anti-inflammatory (COX-1 and COX-2 inhibition) efficacies. The biopolymer analyses indicated that those recovered after lichen hydrothermal treatment at 160 °C featured a good extraction performance, the highest molecular weight, apparent viscosity, and antiproliferative potential. The thermo-rheological properties of the corresponding matrices formulated at 10 % and 60 or 80 °C exhibited the strongest and most thermo-reversible characteristics, as well as antifreezing feasibility. Another advantage of the selected fractions was the absence of skin irritation according to the in vitro skin irritation assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Queffelec
- CINBIO, Universidade de Vigo, Department of Chemical Engineering, 32004 Ourense, Spain
| | - N Flórez-Fernández
- CINBIO, Universidade de Vigo, Department of Chemical Engineering, 32004 Ourense, Spain
| | - M D Torres
- CINBIO, Universidade de Vigo, Department of Chemical Engineering, 32004 Ourense, Spain.
| | - H Domínguez
- CINBIO, Universidade de Vigo, Department of Chemical Engineering, 32004 Ourense, Spain
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Hofmann T, Makk ÁN, Albert L. Extraction of (+)-catechin from oak ( Quercus spp.) bark: Optimization of pretreatment and extraction conditions. Heliyon 2023; 9:e22024. [PMID: 38027666 PMCID: PMC10665808 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e22024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Oaks (Quercus L., Fagaceae) are a widespread tree species worldwide, and in Hungary they account for nearly 30 % of the forests. Their wood is valuable, but their bark is considered as a by-product. Oak bark, available in large quantities but with no dedicated use, contains a significant amount of valuable extractives. Its (+)-catechin content is around 1 %. (+)-Catechin is mostly used for food industry, medicine and many other industrial purposes, representing a significant financial value. The aim of the present research was to compare the (+)-catechin concentrations in the bark of the most important oak species found in Hungary and to optimize sample pretreatment (conservation) and extraction methods in order to achieve fast and efficient extraction. From these species the highest concentrations were measured in Q. robur and Q. robur ssp. slavonica (8-12 mg (+)-catechin/g dry bark). The combination of microwave sample pretreatment and microwave assisted extraction proved to be the most time- and cost-effective method. The utilization of the extracted bark powder for energetic purposes requires further investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamás Hofmann
- University of Sopron, Institute of Environmental Protection and Nature Conservation, H-9400, Bajcsy-Zsilinszky Str. 4, Sopron, Hungary
| | - Ádám Nándor Makk
- DMRV Zrt., Division of Environmental and Water Quality Protection, H-2600, Kodály Zoltán Str. 3, Vác, Hungary
| | - Levente Albert
- University of Sopron, Institute of Environmental Protection and Nature Conservation, H-9400, Bajcsy-Zsilinszky Str. 4, Sopron, Hungary
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Azhar B, Gunawan S, Febriana Setyadi ER, Majidah L, Taufany F, Atmaja L, Aparamarta HW. Purification and separation of glucomannan from porang tuber flour ( Amorphophallus muelleri) using microwave assisted extraction as an innovative gelatine substituent. Heliyon 2023; 9:e21972. [PMID: 38034783 PMCID: PMC10682115 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e21972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Gelatine is frequently used as a food ingredient. However, Indonesia imports almost all of its gelatine, totaling 3990152 tons annually. Gelatine could be replaced with glucomannan compound which was found in porang tubers. However, it also contains calcium oxalate, which is harmful for the human body. In this study, calcium oxalate was first eliminated by the purification process using 10 % NaCl (w/w). Moreover, the microwave-assisted extraction method was used to extract the glucomannan compound by applying 300 W of microwave power with different extraction times (5, 10, 15, and 20 min) and different ethanol concentrations (60, 70, 80, and 96 %). Statistical analysis was used to optimize and identify significant parameters influencing the glucomannan concentration. The best conditions for glucomannan extraction were an extraction time of 10 min and an ethanol concentration of 80 % (v/v), resulting in a glucomannan yield of ≥96 %. Machine learning was successfully applied for data modelling using a Long Short-Term Memory block with an average R-square of 0.9772 (97.72 % accuracy) and an average MSE of 4.7719. Furthermore, physical and chemical characteristics of the extracted porang flour were accorded with SNI gelatine standards 06-3735 in 1995, which consisted of glucomannan (96.359 ± 1.164 %), calcium oxalate (0.009 ± 0.001 %), water (2.290 ± 0.986 %), ash (0.018 ± 0.002 %), fat (0.0235 ± 0.120 %), heavy metals (not identified), and pH (6.455 ± 0.191). Finally, the extracted glucomannan can be used as a potential regional substitute for gelatine production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Badril Azhar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember (ITS), Surabaya, 60111, Indonesia
| | - Setiyo Gunawan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember (ITS), Surabaya, 60111, Indonesia
| | | | - Lailiyah Majidah
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember (ITS), Surabaya, 60111, Indonesia
| | - Fadlilatul Taufany
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember (ITS), Surabaya, 60111, Indonesia
| | - Lukman Atmaja
- Department of Chemistry, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember (ITS), Surabaya, 60111, Indonesia
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Chew SK, Teoh WH, Hong SL, Yusoff R. Rutin extraction from female C arica papaya Linn. using ultrasound and microwave-assisted extractive methods: Optimization and extraction efficiencies. Heliyon 2023; 9:e20260. [PMID: 37810831 PMCID: PMC10551569 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e20260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Green extractive methods accompanied by resource conservation through process optimization are important in working towards sustainable processes. In the present paper, rutin was extracted from the leaf of female Carica papaya Linn using microwave-assisted extraction (MAE), ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE), sequential microwave ultrasound-assisted extraction (MUAE), and sequential ultrasound microwave-assisted extraction (UMAE) methods. Subsequently, the effect of extraction parameters on rutin yield were analyzed and compared. In addition, the extraction efficiency and energy consumption of the extraction processes were measured and discussed. In the present study, solid-liquid (S/L) ratio was determined to be the most significant extraction variable. Under optimized conditions, MUAE and UMAE were determined to yield the highest amount of rutin extracted at 18.46 ± 0.64 mg/g and 18.43 ± 0.81 mg/g, respectively. However, MUAE was determined to be the least resource efficient method as it consumed the highest amount of energy due to its relatively long extraction time. UAE was determined to be the most efficient in resource utilization as it required the least amount of energy for every mg/g of yield extracted, while the yield obtained was, nonetheless, comparatively high. The optimal condition obtained for UAE was 20 min of ultrasonic extraction time (TU), 20 % of ethanol mixture concentration (C), 710 μm of particle size (S), and 1:650 wt/wt of solid-liquid (S/L) ratio (R).
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Affiliation(s)
- See Khai Chew
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Wen Hui Teoh
- Sustainable Process Engineering Centre (SPEC), Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Sok Lai Hong
- Institute of Research Management and Services, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Rozita Yusoff
- Sustainable Process Engineering Centre (SPEC), Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Gómez-Regalado MDC, Espín-Moreno L, Martín-Pozo L, Zafra-Gómez A. Analytical method for the determination of usually prescribed antibiotics in human nails using UHPLC-MS/MS. Comparison of the efficiency of two extraction techniques. Talanta 2023; 262:124687. [PMID: 37229817 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.124687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotics are a group of drugs used for the treatment of bacterial diseases. They are used in both human and veterinary medicine and, although they are not permitted, they are sometimes used as growth promoters. The present research compares two extraction techniques: ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) and microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) in order to evaluate their efficiency in the determination of 17 usually prescribed antibiotics in human nails. The extraction parameters were optimized using multivariate techniques. Once both techniques were compared, MAE was selected as optimal due to its greater experimental practicability together with the better extraction efficiencies it provides. Target analytes were detected and quantified by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry detection (UHPLC-MS/MS). The run time was 20 min. The methodology was then successfully validated, obtaining acceptable analytical parameters according to the guide used. Limits of detection were between 0.3 and 3 ng g-1 and limits of quantification were in the range from 1.0 to 4.0 ng g-1. Recovery percentages ranged from 87.5% to 114.2%, and precision (in terms of standard deviation) was less than 15% in all cases. Finally, the optimized method was applied to nails taken from 10 volunteers and the results revealed the presence of one or more antibiotics in all the samples examined. The most commonly found antibiotic was sulfamethoxazole, followed by danofloxacin and levofloxacin. The results demonstrated, on the one hand, the presence of these compounds in the human body and, on the other hand, the suitability of nails as a non-invasive biomarker of exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lydia Espín-Moreno
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Granada, E-18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Laura Martín-Pozo
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Escuela Politécnica Superior, University of Seville, C/ Virgen de África 7, E-41011 Seville, Spain
| | - Alberto Zafra-Gómez
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Granada, E-18071 Granada, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria, Ibs.Granada, E-18016 Granada, Spain; Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INYTA)"José Mataix Verdú", Biomedical Research Centre (CIBM), University of Granada, E-18100 Granada, Spain.
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Aguilar-Veloz LM, Calderón-Santoyo M, Ragazzo-Sánchez JA. Optimization of microwave assisted extraction of Artocarpus Heterophyllus leaf polyphenols with inhibitory action against Alternaria sp. and antioxidant capacity. Food Sci Biotechnol 2021; 30:1695-1707. [PMID: 34925944 PMCID: PMC8639880 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-021-00996-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The Artocarpus heterophyllus extracts are receiving attention due to their agro-food applications. Then, the simultaneous optimization of microwave-assisted extraction of polyphenols from jackfruit leaf with growth inhibitory action against Alternaria sp. was studied. The effects of power and time on total soluble polyphenols and total flavonoids contents, and antifungal activity were investigated using response surface methodology. Temperature behavior was considered also. Models showed good prediction and successfully validation. Treatment at 840 W and 2 min allowed the responses maximization (148.75 mg galic acid equivalent /g dried weight of total soluble polyphenols, 13.28 mg rutin equivalent /g dried weight of total flavonoids, and 39.9% of antifungal activity). Furthermore, high ABTS+ (97%) and DPPH (92%) inhibition was exhibited, as a function of the polyphenol's concentration and composition. Mainly flavonoids with potential antioxidant and antifungal properties were detected. These findings suggest the potentialities of these extracts for Alternaria sp. control during tomato postharvest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Maryoris Aguilar-Veloz
- Laboratorio Integral de Investigación en Alimentos, Tecnológico Nacional de México/Instituto Tecnológico de Tepic, Av. Tecnológico #2595, Col. Lagos del Country, C.P. 63175 Tepic, Nayarit México
| | - Montserrat Calderón-Santoyo
- Laboratorio Integral de Investigación en Alimentos, Tecnológico Nacional de México/Instituto Tecnológico de Tepic, Av. Tecnológico #2595, Col. Lagos del Country, C.P. 63175 Tepic, Nayarit México
| | - Juan Arturo Ragazzo-Sánchez
- Laboratorio Integral de Investigación en Alimentos, Tecnológico Nacional de México/Instituto Tecnológico de Tepic, Av. Tecnológico #2595, Col. Lagos del Country, C.P. 63175 Tepic, Nayarit México
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Arya P, Kumar P. Comparison of ultrasound and microwave assisted extraction of diosgenin from Trigonella foenum graceum seed. Ultrason Sonochem 2021; 74:105572. [PMID: 33933831 PMCID: PMC8105685 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2021.105572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
From the recent market trend, there is a huge demand for the bioactive compounds from various food matrices that could be capable enough to combat the emerging health effects in day-to-day life. Fenugreek is a well-known spice from ancient times for its medicinal and health benefits. In the present study, two methods of green extraction microwave (MAE) and ultrasound (UAE) assisted were studied in regard of extraction of fenugreek diosgenin. In this study, solvent type (acetone, ethanol, hexane and petroleum ether), solvent concentration (40, 60, 80 and 100%) and treatment time (1.5, 3.0, 4.5 and 6.0 min and 30, 40, 50 and 60 min for MAE and UAE method respectively) was varied to observe the effect of these parameters over extract yield and diosgenin content. The results of this study revealed that treatment time, type of solvent and its concentration and method adopted for extraction of diosgenin has significant effect. In relation with better yield extract and diosgenin content, the yield of fenugreek seed extract was 7.83% with MAE and 21.48% with UAE of fenugreek seed powder at 80% ethanol concentration at 6 and 60 min respectively. The content of diosgenin was observed in fenugreek seed powder extract was 35.50 mg/100 g in MAE and 40.37 mg/100 g in UAE with 80% ethanol concentration at 6 and 60 min respectively. The overall range of yield of fenugreek extract was varied from 1.04% to 32.48% and diosgenin content was 15.82 mg/100 g to 40.37 mg/100 g of fenugreek seed powder including both extraction methods. This study revealed that UAE would impose better ways for preparing fenugreek extract and observing diosgenin content from fenugreek seeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prajya Arya
- Sant Longowal Institute of Engineering and Technology, Longowal, Punjab 148106, India
| | - Pradyuman Kumar
- Sant Longowal Institute of Engineering and Technology, Longowal, Punjab 148106, India.
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Doldolova K, Bener M, Lalikoğlu M, Aşçı YS, Arat R, Apak R. Optimization and modeling of microwave-assisted extraction of curcumin and antioxidant compounds from turmeric by using natural deep eutectic solvents. Food Chem 2021; 353:129337. [PMID: 33752120 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.129337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Natural deep eutectic solvents (NADES) have recently come to the fore as new green solvents for foods, cosmetics and pharmaceuticals due to their unique solvation power and low toxicity. Turmeric extracts were prepared using the microwave assisted extraction method (MAE) using five NADES containing binary combinations of choline chloride, lactic acid, fructose, and sucrose. The MAE method was optimized and modeled by using response surface methodology to obtain maximum total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and curcumin contents (CC) in extracts for each NADES. All NADES extracts, except NADES-1 containing fructose and cholin chloride, exhibited higher TAC and CC than those in 80% methanol:water which was the preferred solvent in literature. NADES solvents did not interfere with subsequent antioxidant capacity measurements using the CUPRAC method. The proposed MAE is a potentially efficient and sustainable procedure in pharmaceutical and food industries for the extraction of antioxidants and curcumin from turmeric.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khadija Doldolova
- Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Avcilar 34320, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Bener
- Istanbul University, Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Fatih 34126, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Melisa Lalikoğlu
- Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Avcilar 34320, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Yavuz Selim Aşçı
- Istanbul University, Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Fatih 34126, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Refik Arat
- Istanbul Kultur University, Department of Civil Engineering, Bakirkoy 34156, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Reşat Apak
- Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Avcilar 34320, Istanbul, Turkey.
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Figueroa JG, Borrás-Linares I, Del Pino-García R, Curiel JA, Lozano-Sánchez J, Segura-Carretero A. Functional ingredient from avocado peel: Microwave-assisted extraction, characterization and potential applications for the food industry. Food Chem 2021; 352:129300. [PMID: 33667920 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.129300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Avocado peel is a by-product obtained in high amounts in the food industry with no further applications despite its richness in bioactive compounds. In this context, an efficient "green" microwave assisted extraction (MAE) was optimized to maximize the extraction of bioactive polyphenols. Moreover, the phenolic composition of the developed green avocado extract was characterized by HPLC coupled to MS analysers and the potential applications for the food industry were studied assaying different bioactivities. Thus, the matrix metalloproteinases inhibition, the antioxidant capacity and the antimicrobial activity against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, yeast and mold were tested. The results pointed out both, high matrix metalloproteinases inhibitory capacity and antioxidant activity of avocado peel MAE extract. These findings suggest the potential food industry applications of this extract as natural food preservative, functional food ingredient or nutraceuticals with antioxidant and anti-aging activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge G Figueroa
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Granada, Avda. Fuentenueva s/n, Granada 18071, Spain; Research and Development of Functional Food Centre (CIDAF), Health Science Technological Park Avda. del Conocimiento s/n, BioRegion Building, Granada 18016, Spain; Departamento de Química y Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja, San Cayetano Alto s/n, Loja 11-01-608, Ecuador
| | - Isabel Borrás-Linares
- Research and Development of Functional Food Centre (CIDAF), Health Science Technological Park Avda. del Conocimiento s/n, BioRegion Building, Granada 18016, Spain.
| | - Raquel Del Pino-García
- Research and Development of Functional Food Centre (CIDAF), Health Science Technological Park Avda. del Conocimiento s/n, BioRegion Building, Granada 18016, Spain
| | - José Antonio Curiel
- Research and Development of Functional Food Centre (CIDAF), Health Science Technological Park Avda. del Conocimiento s/n, BioRegion Building, Granada 18016, Spain
| | - Jesús Lozano-Sánchez
- Research and Development of Functional Food Centre (CIDAF), Health Science Technological Park Avda. del Conocimiento s/n, BioRegion Building, Granada 18016, Spain; Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Granada, Campus of Cartuja, Granada 18071, Spain
| | - Antonio Segura-Carretero
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Granada, Avda. Fuentenueva s/n, Granada 18071, Spain; Research and Development of Functional Food Centre (CIDAF), Health Science Technological Park Avda. del Conocimiento s/n, BioRegion Building, Granada 18016, Spain
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Pandey DK, Kaur P, Kumar V, Banik RM, Malik T, Dey A. Screening the elite chemotypes of Gloriosa superba L. in India for the production of anticancer colchicine: simultaneous microwave-assisted extraction and HPTLC studies. BMC Plant Biol 2021; 21:77. [PMID: 33546591 PMCID: PMC7866646 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-021-02843-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gloriosa superba L. (Colchicaceae) is a high-value medicinal plant indigenous to Africa and Southeast Asia. Its therapeutic benefits are well-established in traditional medicines including Ayurveda. It is well known for its natural bioactive compound colchicine which exhibits a wide range of pharmacological activities i.e. rheumatism, gout and was also introduced into clinical practices. The increasing demand as well as its illegal harvesting has brought this valuable plant under threatened category. METHODS The present investigation describes a microwave assisted extraction (MAE) strategy coupled with a densitometric-high performance thin layer chromatographic (HPTLC) methodology for the analysis of colchicine from 32 different populations of G. superba. A Box-Behnken statistical design (3 level factor) has been employed to optimize MAE, in which power of microwave, time of irradiation, aqueous ethanol and pH were used as independent variables whereas colchicine was used as the dependent variables. Chromatography was carried out on Silica gel 60 F254 TLC plates with toluene: methanol, 85:15 (v/v) being used as solvent system. Densitometric measurement was performed at λ=254 nm following post-derivatization (10% methanolic sulphuric acid). RESULTS Optimal conditions for extraction to obtain the maximum colchicine yield was found to be 7.51 mg g- 1 which was very close to be predicted response 7.48 mg g- 1 by maintaining microwave power (460 W), irradiation time (6.4 min), aqueous ethanol-30, pH -3. Colchicine content ranged between 2.12-7.58 mg g- 1 among 32 G. superba populations in which only three chemotypes viz. GS- 1, GS- 3, and GS- 2 collected from West Bengal and Sikkim, respectively exhibited maximum yield of colchicine. CONCLUSION Therefore, this newly developed optimized MAE coupled with HPTLC densitometry methodology not only quantifies colchicine in order to identify elite chemotypes of G. superba, but it also encourages in selecting high yielding populations of the plants for industrial use and economic boost for the farmers. This validated, simple and reproducible HPTLC protocol is being used for the first time to estimate colchicine from natural populations of G. superba obtained from 32 different geographical regions of India.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devendra Kumar Pandey
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, 144411, India.
| | - Prabhjot Kaur
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, 144411, India
| | - Vijay Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, 144411, India
| | - R M Banik
- School of Biochemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology BHU, Varanasi, India
| | - Tabarak Malik
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia.
| | - Abhijit Dey
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, 86/1 College Street, Kolkata, 700073, India.
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12
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Yeong YL, Pang SF, Putranto A, Gimbun J. Optimisation of microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) of anthraquinone and flavonoids from Senna alata (L.) Roxb. Nat Prod Res 2021; 36:3756-3760. [PMID: 33538194 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2021.1881096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
This paper investigates the optimum processing conditions of microwave assisted extraction (MAE) of anthraquinone (aloe emodin, AE) and flavonoids (kaempferol 3-gentiobioside, K3G and kaempferol, KA) from Senna alata (L.) Roxb. The kinetic study indicates that MAE showed a greater extraction rate, compared to ultrasonic-assisted and maceration, due to the enhanced power which altered the leaf microstructures. The optimisation was undertaken using one-factor-at-a-time, two-level factorial design and central composite design were used to maximise the yield of the target compounds. The optimum yield of K3G (4.27 mg/g DW), KA (8.54 mg/g DW) and AE (0.86 mg/g DW) was obtained at 90.5% ethanol, microwave power of 18.6 W/mL with a desirability of 0.82. In addition, the yield of K3G and KA is correlated positively with the antioxidant activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Ling Yeong
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Gambang, Pahang, Malaysia.,Centre of Excellence for Advanced Research in Fluid Flow (CARIFF), Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Gambang, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - Sook Fun Pang
- Centre of Excellence for Advanced Research in Fluid Flow (CARIFF), Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Gambang, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - Aditya Putranto
- Discipline of Chemical Engineering, School of Engineering, Monash University Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Jolius Gimbun
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Gambang, Pahang, Malaysia.,Centre of Excellence for Advanced Research in Fluid Flow (CARIFF), Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Gambang, Pahang, Malaysia
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13
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Kurtulbaş Şahin E, Bilgin M, Şahin S. Recovery of anthocyanins from sour cherry (Prunus cerasus L.) peels via microwave assisted extraction: monitoring the storage stability. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2020; 51:686-696. [PMID: 33275494 DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2020.1852418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Utilization of economical and environmental methods as an alternative process to recover the industrial crops and food products into high-added value compounds is of great significant. In the current study, microwave assisted extraction (MAE) was optimized by response surface methodology (RSM) in order to evaluate the waste of sour cherry as a source of phenolic compounds rich in anthocyanins. The process parameters (microwave power, irradiation time and ethanol solvent concentration) of MAE method were optimized by face centered composite design of RSM. Responses such as total phenolic componds (TPC), total anthocyanin (TA) contents and antioxidant capacity (DPPH) of extracts were measured spectrophotometrically after extractions of samples. The optimized result of MAE was 500 W of microwave power, 90 s of irradation time and 80% ethanol solvent concentration. Antioxidant capacity was tested using by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) radical. Chromatographic analysis (HPLC) was also used to measure the concentration of major anthocyanin (cyanidin-3-glucoside) of the samples. Maximum predicted TPC, TA and DPPH yields on optimized conditions were 44.15 mg-GAE/g-FM (mg- gallic acid equivalent per g- fresh matter), 12.47 mg-cyanidin-3-glucoside/g-FM and 69.90 (%, inhibition), respectively. A stability assay under different conditions (light, dark, ambient condition, refrigerator and deep freezer) has been also performed in order to display the stability of bioactivity profile. All of the process parameters were significant at the level of p < 0.0001.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebru Kurtulbaş Şahin
- Chemical Engineering Department, Istanbul University - Cerrahpaşa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Bilgin
- Chemical Engineering Department, Istanbul University - Cerrahpaşa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Selin Şahin
- Chemical Engineering Department, Istanbul University - Cerrahpaşa, Istanbul, Turkey
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14
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Md Saad M, Ali NS, Meon S. Relationship between Ganoderma Ergosterol Concentration and Basal Stem Rot Disease Progress on Elaeis guineensis. Trop Life Sci Res 2020; 31:19-43. [PMID: 32963709 PMCID: PMC7485531 DOI: 10.21315/tlsr2020.31.1.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Basal stem rot (BSR) is a devastating disease to Malaysian oil palm. Current techniques employed for BSR disease detection on oil palm are laborious, time consuming, costly, and subjected to accuracy limitations. An ergosterol detection method was developed, whereby it correlated well with the degree of infection in oil palm. This current study was designed to study the relationship between Ganoderma biomass, ergosterol concentration, BSR disease progress and to validate the efficiency of microwave assisted extraction (MAE) method for extraction of ergosterol compound. In addition, testing on the sensitivity of thin layer chromatography (TLC) analysis for detection of ergosterol was also the aim of this study. The optimised procedure involved extracting a small amount of Ganoderma-infected oil palm root tissues suspended in low volumes of solvent followed by irradiation in a conventional microwave oven at 70°C and medium high power for 30 s, resulting in simultaneous extraction and saponification. Based on the results obtained, MAE method may be effective in extracting low to high yields of ergosterol from infected oil palm roots demonstrating disease scale 2, 3 and 4. Positive relationship was observed between ergosterol content and inoculation period starting day 3 in the inoculated oil palm seedlings and hour 6 in germinated seeds. TLC analysis demonstrated a good correlation with high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) quantification. Therefore, a semi-quantitative TLC analysis may be applied for handling a large amount of samples during onset field survey.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muniroh Md Saad
- Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nusaibah Syd Ali
- Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Sariah Meon
- Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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15
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Netramai S, Kijchavengkul T, Samsudin H, Lertsiri S. Data of microwave assisted extraction and conventional hot water extraction of Dendrobium Sonia 'Earsakul' orchid flower. Data Brief 2020; 31:105906. [PMID: 32637506 PMCID: PMC7329924 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2020.105906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Crude extracts of fresh Dendrobium Sonia ‘Earsakul’ orchid flowers (DSE) were prepared using microwave assisted extraction (MAE; using household microwave oven) and hot water extraction (HWE; at constant 80 °C). The obtained DSEs were measured their absorbance at λmax of 543 and 583 nm and determined their total monomeric anthocyanin contents (TAC). Mathematical models of MAE of Dendrobium Sonia ‘Earsakul’ orchid flower were constructed using response surface methodology - Box-Behnken design. Studied parameters included flower to water ratio, microwave power, and extraction time, with absorbance at λmax as response. The data generated were 1) visible spectrum (400–700 nm) of DSE; 2) absorbance values at λmax and 3) TAC of DSEs obtained from various extraction conditions of MAE and HWE; 4) linear equations describing correlations between TAC and absorbance at λmax of DSEs; and 5) mathematical models of MAE of Dendrobium Sonia ‘Earsakul’ orchid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siriyupa Netramai
- School of Bioinnovation and Bio-based Product Intelligence, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand
- Corresponding author.
| | - Thitisilp Kijchavengkul
- School of Bioinnovation and Bio-based Product Intelligence, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand
| | - Hayati Samsudin
- School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800, Malaysia
| | - Sittiwat Lertsiri
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
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16
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Pacheco-Juárez J, Montesdeoca-Esponda S, Torres-Padrón ME, Sosa-Ferrera Z, Santana-Rodríguez JJ. Analysis and occurrence of benzotriazole ultraviolet stabilisers in different species of seaweed. Chemosphere 2019; 236:124344. [PMID: 31310969 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.124344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Revised: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Benzotriazole ultraviolet stabilisers (BUVSs) are emerging compounds used in personal care products and in other products, such as plastics, to absorb UV light. BUVSs have been described as bioaccumulative, persistent and toxic, so it is of great interest to understand their presence in the environment. Some marine organisms, such as seaweeds, have been used as bioindicators of contamination in the environment because they are able to accumulate metals and organic compounds. We have selected seaweeds to develop a novel method to extract, identify and determine six BUVSs (UV P, UV 326, UV 327, UV 328, UV 329, UV 360) based on microwave assisted extraction (MAE) and ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography with diode array (UHPLC-DAD) and mass spectrometry confirmation (UHPLC-MS/MS). Under optimum conditions, recoveries ranging from 49.8 to 92.3% were obtained, while intra-day and inter-day precision values were lower than 10% for most of the compounds. Limits of detection in the ranges 1.79-4.58 and 0.89-1.76 ng g-1 dry weight (dw) were obtained for UHPLC-DAD and UHPLC-MS/MS, respectively. The optimised method was applied for the analysis of twelve species of seaweed sampled during four months in 2018 from Las Canteras beach (Gran Canaria, Spain), with the results confirmed by UHPLC-MS/MS. UV 360 was found in concentrations between 42.5 and 115 ng g-1 (dw) in five of the twelve species. Although the highest concentrations were found in Asparagopsis taxiformis, the presence of UV 360 in other species could suggest that seaweeds can act as potential bioindicators of the occurrence of these compounds in the coastal environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Pacheco-Juárez
- Instituto Universitario de Estudios Ambientales y Recursos Naturales (i-UNAT), Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35017, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Sarah Montesdeoca-Esponda
- Instituto Universitario de Estudios Ambientales y Recursos Naturales (i-UNAT), Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35017, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain.
| | - María Esther Torres-Padrón
- Instituto Universitario de Estudios Ambientales y Recursos Naturales (i-UNAT), Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35017, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Zoraida Sosa-Ferrera
- Instituto Universitario de Estudios Ambientales y Recursos Naturales (i-UNAT), Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35017, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - José Juan Santana-Rodríguez
- Instituto Universitario de Estudios Ambientales y Recursos Naturales (i-UNAT), Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35017, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
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17
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Al-Dhabi NA, Ponmurugan K. Microwave assisted extraction and characterization of polysaccharide from waste jamun fruit seeds. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 152:1157-1163. [PMID: 31751731 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.10.204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Revised: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The intention of current work is to recover/extract polysaccharide from jamun fruit seeds (waste) by microwave assisted solid-liquid extraction (MAE) technique using four-factor (microwave power (MWP), pH, time (MWT) and solid to liquid (SL) ratio) five-level central composite rotatable experimental design (CCRED). The observed data was evaluated by statistically and a mathematical model (polynomial) was developed to predict the polysaccharide yield. Numerical optimization technique is used to attain the ideal optimal condition (microwave power of 515 w, pH of 3.2, MWT of 3.1 min and SL ratio of 1:15 g/ml) to retrieve maximal yield of polysaccharide and attained optimal condition was experimentally validated. The experimental yield of polysaccharide (4.71 ± 0.02%) was matched with predicted value (4.72%). Physico-chemical properties of the polysaccharide extracted at optimal condition was investigated. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) evaluation were carried out in this study to characterize the polysaccharide. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) was also utilized to reveal the morphology of raw and extracted plant sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naif Abdullah Al-Dhabi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O.Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - K Ponmurugan
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O.Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
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18
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Vu HT, Scarlett CJ, Vuong QV. Maximising recovery of phenolic compounds and antioxidant properties from banana peel using microwave assisted extraction and water. J Food Sci Technol 2019; 56:1360-1370. [PMID: 30956315 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-019-03610-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 01/12/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Banana peel is rich in phenolic compounds and is generally considered as waste. This study aimed to maximise recovery of phenolics from banana peel using water via microwave assisted extraction. The impact of various parameters including pH of solvent, sample to solvent ratio, irradiation time with/without cooling periods, and irradiation power were investigated individually. Following this, extraction conditions were further optimised using Response Surface Methodology. The results revealed that the extraction efficiency can be significantly improved by reducing the pH of water, increasing microwave power and time. However, cooling time during irradiation did not affect the extraction efficiency. Optimal conditions were identified at pH of 1, ratio of 2:100 g/mL, 6 min irradiation, and microwave power of 960 W. Under these optimal conditions, approximately 50.55 mg phenolics could be recovered from 1 g dried peel. These conditions are recommended for recovery of phenolic compounds from banana peel for further utilisation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang T Vu
- 1School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, 10 Chittaway Road, Ourimbah, NSW 2258 Australia.,2Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Trau Quy, Gia Lam, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Christopher J Scarlett
- 1School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, 10 Chittaway Road, Ourimbah, NSW 2258 Australia
| | - Quan V Vuong
- 1School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, 10 Chittaway Road, Ourimbah, NSW 2258 Australia
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19
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Su DL, Li PJ, Quek SY, Huang ZQ, Yuan YJ, Li GY, Shan Y. Efficient extraction and characterization of pectin from orange peel by a combined surfactant and microwave assisted process. Food Chem 2019; 286:1-7. [PMID: 30827581 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.01.200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Revised: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Surfactant and microwave assisted extraction (S-MAE) was used for pectin extraction from orange peel. First, we optimized the conditions of microwave assisted extraction (MAE), e.g., irradiation time, liquid-to-solid ratio (LSR), and pH on pectin yield (PY), galacturonic acid (GA) content, and degree of esterification (DE) using a Box-Behnken design. Under optimal conditions (pH 1.2, 7.0 min, and 21.5 v/w LSR), we obtained a PY of 28.0 ± 0.5%, which was close to the predicted value (31.1%). Second, we analyzed the effect of surfactant on microwave extraction of pectin. Among the surfactants investigated, Tween-80 (8 g/L, w/v) increased PY by 17.0%. Compared with conventional solvent extraction, S-MAE is a novel and efficient method for pectin extraction, which generated a higher (p < 0.05) PY (32.8%), GA content (78.1%), DE (69.8%), and Mw (286.3 kDa).
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20
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Moradi Alvand Z, Rajabi HR, Mirzaei A, Masoumiasl A, Sadatfaraji H. Rapid and green synthesis of cadmium telluride quantum dots with low toxicity based on a plant-mediated approach after microwave and ultrasonic assisted extraction: Synthesis, characterization, biological potentials and comparison study. Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl 2019; 98:535-544. [PMID: 30813055 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2019.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Revised: 12/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
In this work, a quick, facile and efficient approach was presented for green synthesis of cadmium telluride quantum dots (CdTe QDs) based on an aqueous extract of the Ficus johannis plant. Two extraction methods involving microwave assisted extraction (MWAE; 90 and 270 w; 15 min) and ultrasonic assisted extraction (USAE; 15 min; 45 °C) were performed as eco-friendly, effective, green and fast techniques for the extract preparation of the fruit's plant. The as-prepared plant extracts were used as natural stabilizing precursors in the synthesis of CdTe QDs. The synthesized QDs were characterized using various techniques. The average particle size of the QDs from the X-ray diffraction patterns was calculated to be 1.2 nm. UV-Vis absorption and fluorescence spectroscopic studies show a wide absorption band from 400 to 425 nm and a maximum emission peak around 470 nm, which confirmed the successful synthesis of CdTe QDs via the applied synthetic method. After synthesis and characterization of the samples, the antimicrobial properties, genotoxicity, toxicity and antifungal activities of the as-prepared CdTe QDs were investigated. In addition, antioxidant properties of the samples (QDs and extracts), were evaluated by different antioxidant assays. The results indicate the significant antimicrobial activity of the extract and CdTe QDs samples, with negligible toxicity and genotoxicity impacts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ali Mirzaei
- Medicinal Plant Research Center, Yasuj University of Medical sciences, Yasuj, Iran.
| | - Asad Masoumiasl
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Yasouj University, Yasouj 75918-74831, Iran
| | - Hamed Sadatfaraji
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Science, Mashhad, Iran
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21
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Maulidiani, Rudiyanto, Abas F, Ismail IS, Lajis NH. Generalized Likelihood Uncertainty Estimation (GLUE) methodology for optimization of extraction in natural products. Food Chem 2018; 250:37-45. [PMID: 29412925 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2017] [Revised: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 01/02/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Optimization process is an important aspect in the natural product extractions. Herein, an alternative approach is proposed for the optimization in extraction, namely, the Generalized Likelihood Uncertainty Estimation (GLUE). The approach combines the Latin hypercube sampling, the feasible range of independent variables, the Monte Carlo simulation, and the threshold criteria of response variables. The GLUE method is tested in three different techniques including the ultrasound, the microwave, and the supercritical CO2 assisted extractions utilizing the data from previously published reports. The study found that this method can: provide more information on the combined effects of the independent variables on the response variables in the dotty plots; deal with unlimited number of independent and response variables; consider combined multiple threshold criteria, which is subjective depending on the target of the investigation for response variables; and provide a range of values with their distribution for the optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maulidiani
- Laboratory of Natural Products, Institute of Bioscience, University of Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Rudiyanto
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Bogor Agricultural University, Indonesia
| | - Faridah Abas
- Laboratory of Natural Products, Institute of Bioscience, University of Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Intan Safinar Ismail
- Laboratory of Natural Products, Institute of Bioscience, University of Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nordin H Lajis
- No. 22513, Jalan Melor, Sungai Ramal Dalam, Kajang 43000, Selangor, Malaysia
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22
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Ivanović M, Alañón ME, Arráez-Román D, Segura-Carretero A. Enhanced and green extraction of bioactive compounds from Lippia citriodora by tailor-made natural deep eutectic solvents. Food Res Int 2018; 111:67-76. [PMID: 30007731 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2018.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Revised: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Natural deep eutectic solvents (NADESs) have been postulated as alternative green solvents for the isolation of valuable bioactive compounds from Lippia citriodora. Thus, 11 different NADESs, based on choline chloride (ChCl) as the hydrogen bond acceptor in combination with different hydrogen bond donors (organic acids, polyalcohols, sugars, and urea) were tested. According to the results obtained, ChCl-lactic acid exhibited the highest extraction yield for iridoids, 7.25 mg g-1, phenylpropanoids, 17.23 mg g-1, and flavonoids, 9.02 mg g-1 being significantly greater than phenylpropanoid and flavonoid yields, 15.63 and 5.43 mg g-1 respectively, extracted with methanol as conventional solvent. Subsequently, in order to optimise the most influential microwave assisted extraction (MAE) parameters, a Box-Behnken design paired with a response surface methodology were implemented. Temperature and water content showed a strong effect on the extraction of polyphenol sub-classes, while the effect of irradiation time was less noticeable on extraction yields. Temperature of 63.68 °C, a water content of 32.19% and a microwave irrdiation time of 17.08 min were the optimum conditions provided by the statistical program. The use of NADESs showed potential to facilitate the design and customisation of green tailor-made solvents which have greater extraction capacity than conventional organic solvents.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ivanović
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, C/Fuentenueva s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain; Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Maribor, Smetanova ulica 17, SI-2000 Maribor, Slovenia
| | - M E Alañón
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, C/Fuentenueva s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain; Area of Food Technology, Regional Institute for Applied Scientific Research (IRICA), University of Castilla-La Mancha. Avda. Camilo José Cela, 10, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain; Research and Development of Functional Food Centre (CIDAF), PTS Granada, Avda. Del Conocimiento 37, Bioregión Building, 18016 Granada, Spain.
| | - D Arráez-Román
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, C/Fuentenueva s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain; Research and Development of Functional Food Centre (CIDAF), PTS Granada, Avda. Del Conocimiento 37, Bioregión Building, 18016 Granada, Spain.
| | - A Segura-Carretero
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, C/Fuentenueva s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain; Research and Development of Functional Food Centre (CIDAF), PTS Granada, Avda. Del Conocimiento 37, Bioregión Building, 18016 Granada, Spain
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23
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Mogolodi Dimpe K, Mpupa A, Nomngongo PN. Microwave assisted solid phase extraction for separation preconcentration sulfamethoxazole in wastewater using tyre based activated carbon as solid phase material prior to spectrophotometric determination. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2018; 188:341-348. [PMID: 28756255 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2017.07.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2016] [Revised: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
This work was chiefly encouraged by the continuous consumption of antibiotics which eventually pose harmful effects on animals and human beings when present in water systems. In this study, the activated carbon (AC) was used as a solid phase material for the removal of sulfamethoxazole (SMX) in wastewater samples. The microwave assisted solid phase extraction (MASPE) as a sample extraction method was employed to better extract SMX in water samples and finally the analysis of SMX was done by the UV-Vis spectrophotometer. The microwave assisted solid phase extraction method was optimized using a two-level fractional factorial design by evaluating parameters such as pH, mass of adsorbent (MA), extraction time (ET), eluent ratio (ER) and microwave power (MP). Under optimized conditions, the limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) were 0.5μgL-1 and 1.7μgL-1, respectively, and intraday and interday precision expressed in terms of relative standard deviation were >6%.The maximum adsorption capacity was 138mgg-1 for SMX and the adsorbent could be reused eight times. Lastly, the MASPE method was applied for the removal of SMX in wastewater samples collected from a domestic wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) and river water.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Mogolodi Dimpe
- Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein Campus, P.O. Box 17011, Johannesburg 2028, South Africa
| | - Anele Mpupa
- Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein Campus, P.O. Box 17011, Johannesburg 2028, South Africa
| | - Philiswa N Nomngongo
- Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein Campus, P.O. Box 17011, Johannesburg 2028, South Africa.
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24
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Jha P, Das AJ, Deka SC. Optimization of ultrasound and microwave assisted extractions of polyphenols from black rice (Oryza sativa cv. Poireton) husk. J Food Sci Technol 2017; 54:3847-3858. [PMID: 29085127 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-017-2832-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 08/17/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Phenolic compounds were extracted from the husk of milled black rice (cv. Poireton) by using a combination of ultrasound assisted extraction and microwave assisted extraction. Extraction parameters were optimized by response surface methodology according to a three levels, five variables Box-Behnken design. The appropriate process variables (extraction temperature and extraction time) to maximize the ethanolic extraction of total phenolic compounds, flavonoids, anthocyanins and antioxidant activity of the extracts were obtained. Extraction of functional components with varying ethanol concentration and microwave time were significantly affected by the process variables. The best possible conditions obtained by RSM for all the factors included 10.02 min sonication time, 49.46 °C sonication temperature, 1:40.79 (w/v) solute solvent ratio, 67.34% ethanol concentration, and 31.11 s microwave time. Under the given solutions, the maximum extraction of phenolics (1.65 mg/g GAE), flavonoids (3.04 mg/100 g), anthocyanins (3.39 mg/100 g) and antioxidants (100%) were predicted, while the experimental values included 1.72 mg/g GAE of total phenolics, 3.01 mg/100 g of flavonoids, 3.36 mg/100 g of anthocyanins and 100% antioxidant activity. The overall results indicated positive impact of co-application of microwave and ultrasound assisted extractions of phenolic compounds from black rice husk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pankaj Jha
- Department of Food Engineering and Technology, Tezpur University, Napaam, Sonitpur, Assam 784028 India
| | - Arup Jyoti Das
- Department of Food Engineering and Technology, Tezpur University, Napaam, Sonitpur, Assam 784028 India
| | - Sankar Chandra Deka
- Department of Food Engineering and Technology, Tezpur University, Napaam, Sonitpur, Assam 784028 India
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Saucedo-Velez AA, Hinojosa-Reyes L, Villanueva-Rodríguez M, Caballero-Quintero A, Hernández-Ramírez A, Guzmán-Mar JL. Speciation analysis of organoarsenic compounds in livestock feed by microwave-assisted extraction and high performance liquid chromatography coupled to atomic fluorescence spectrometry. Food Chem 2017; 232:493-500. [PMID: 28490103 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2016] [Revised: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The development of a new method to determine the presence of the organoarsenic additives p-arsanilic acid (ASA), roxarsone (ROX) and nitarsone (NIT) in livestock feeds by high performance liquid chromatography coupled to ultraviolet oxidation hydride generation atomic fluorescence spectrometry (HPLC-UV/HG-AFS) after microwave assisted extraction (MAE) was proposed. Chromatographic separation was achieved on a C18 column with 2% acetic acid/methanol (96:4, v/v) as the mobile phase. The limits of detection (LODs) were 0.13, 0.09 and 0.08mgL-1, and the limits of quantification (LOQs) were 0.44, 0.30 and 0.28mgL-1. The relative standard deviations (RSDs) for ASA, ROX and NIT determined from five measurements of the mixed calibration standard were 3.3, 5.3, and 5.4%, respectively. MAE extraction of phenylated arsenic compounds using 1.5M H3PO4 at 120°C for 45min allowed for maximum recoveries (%) of total arsenic (As) and organoarsenic species, with no degradation of these compounds. The extraction of total As was approximately 97%, and the As species recoveries were between 95.2 and 97.0%. The results of the analysis were validated using mass balance by comparing the sum of extracted As with the total concentration of As in the corresponding samples. The method was successfully applied to determine the presence of these compounds in feed samples. ASA was the only As species detected in chicken feed samples, with a concentration between 0.72 and 12.91mgkg-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Saucedo-Velez
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, UANL, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Cd. Universitaria, San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León C.P. 66455, Mexico
| | - L Hinojosa-Reyes
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, UANL, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Cd. Universitaria, San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León C.P. 66455, Mexico
| | - M Villanueva-Rodríguez
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, UANL, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Cd. Universitaria, San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León C.P. 66455, Mexico
| | - A Caballero-Quintero
- Laboratorio de Química Forense, Criminalística y Servicios Periciales, Procuraduría General de Justicia del Estado de Nuevo León. Av. Gonzalitos 452, Col. Residencial Galerías, Monterrey, NL C.P. 64649, Mexico
| | - A Hernández-Ramírez
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, UANL, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Cd. Universitaria, San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León C.P. 66455, Mexico
| | - J L Guzmán-Mar
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, UANL, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Cd. Universitaria, San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León C.P. 66455, Mexico.
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Belwal T, Giri L, Bhatt ID, Rawal RS, Pande V. An improved method for extraction of nutraceutically important polyphenolics from Berberis jaeschkeana C.K. Schneid. fruits. Food Chem 2017; 230:657-666. [PMID: 28407963 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.03.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2017] [Revised: 03/12/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Berberis jaeschkeana fruits, source of nutraceutically important polyphenolics were investigated. A total of 32 experimental run were conducted under Plackett-Burman and central composite design. Microwave power, methanol and HCl concentration significantly (p<0.05) affect extraction of polyphenols under linear, quadratic and interactive effect. The model showed good fitness with significant (p<0.05) model F-value and a non-significant lack of fit. Under optimum microwave assisted extraction (MAE) condition the total phenolics, flavonoids, tannins and antioxidant activity were in closed context with predicted values. As compared to ultrasonic (UAE) and maceration extraction (ME), MAE showed significantly (p<0.05) higher recovery of TP, TF and FRAP antioxidant activity. HPLC-DAD analysis detects a total of 10 polyphenolic compounds under MAE as compared to 9 under UAE and ME. Designing of MAE conditions showed promising results for polyphenolic antioxidants extraction as revealed by higher yield with lesser time and solvent consumption, which can contribute in green extraction technology and its application in nutraceutical industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarun Belwal
- G.B. Pant National Institute of Himalayan Environment and Sustainable Development, Kosi Katarmal, Almora-263643, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Lalit Giri
- G.B. Pant National Institute of Himalayan Environment and Sustainable Development, Kosi Katarmal, Almora-263643, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Indra D Bhatt
- G.B. Pant National Institute of Himalayan Environment and Sustainable Development, Kosi Katarmal, Almora-263643, Uttarakhand, India.
| | - Ranbeer S Rawal
- G.B. Pant National Institute of Himalayan Environment and Sustainable Development, Kosi Katarmal, Almora-263643, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Veena Pande
- Department of Biotechnology, Kumaun University, Nainital, India
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27
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Nde DB, Boldor D, Astete C, Muley P, Xu Z. Oil extraction from sheanut (Vitellaria paradoxa Gaertn C.F.) kernels assisted by microwaves. J Food Sci Technol 2016; 53:1424-34. [PMID: 27570267 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-015-2160-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 11/18/2015] [Accepted: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Shea butter, is highly solicited in cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, chocolates and biodiesel formulations. Microwave assisted extraction (MAE) of butter from sheanut kernels was carried using the Doehlert's experimental design. Factors studied were microwave heating time, temperature and solvent/solute ratio while the responses were the quantity of oil extracted and the acid number. Second order models were established to describe the influence of experimental parameters on the responses studied. Under optimum MAE conditions of heating time 23 min, temperature 75 °C and solvent/solute ratio 4:1 more than 88 % of the oil with a free fatty acid (FFA) value less than 2, was extracted compared to the 10 h and solvent/solute ratio of 10:1 required for soxhlet extraction. Scanning electron microscopy was used to elucidate the effect of microwave heating on the kernels' microstructure. Substantial reduction in extraction time and volumes of solvent used and oil of suitable quality are the main benefits derived from the MAE process.
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Surendra TV, Roopan SM, Arasu MV, Al-Dhabi NA, Rayalu GM. RSM optimized Moringa oleifera peel extract for green synthesis of M. oleifera capped palladium nanoparticles with antibacterial and hemolytic property. J Photochem Photobiol B 2016; 162:550-557. [PMID: 27474786 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2016.07.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Revised: 07/22/2016] [Accepted: 07/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Palladium nanoparticles (Pd NPs) are the very good catalytic agents in many coupling reactions, also these are very well biological agents against bacteria and fungus. M. oleifera capped Pd NPs were synthesized from microwave assisted methanolic extract of M. oleifera peel. To optimize the extraction process RSM (Response Surface Methodology) was applied. To get a good extraction yield BBD (Box-Behnken Design) was employed. The better optimized conditions for the extraction was found as 400W, 25mL of CH3OH at 65°C for 2min. We observed 61.66mg of extract yield from this method. Eco-friendly M. oleifera capped Pd NPs were synthesized using M. oleifera peel extract and confirmed using the different characterization techniques like UV- Vis spectroscopy, XRD, SEM and HR-TEM analysis. We found the size of the M. oleifera capped Pd NPs nanoparticles as 27±2nm and shape of the particles as spherical through the TEM analysis. M. oleifera capped Pd NPs exhibits good antibacterial activity against S. aureus (Staphylococcus aureus) and E. coli (Escherichia coli) bacterial strains and we found the zone inhibition as 0.6 and 0.7mm. The synthesized M. oleifera capped Pd NPs are screened for hemolytic activity and it proved the M. oleifera capped Pd NPs are non-toxic on RBCs cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- T V Surendra
- Chemistry of Heterocycles &Natural Product Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences, VIT University, Vellore 632 014, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Selvaraj Mohana Roopan
- Chemistry of Heterocycles &Natural Product Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences, VIT University, Vellore 632 014, Tamilnadu, India.
| | - Mariadhas Valan Arasu
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Addiriyah Chair for Environmental Studies, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Naif Abdullah Al-Dhabi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Addiriyah Chair for Environmental Studies, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - G Mokesh Rayalu
- Department of Mathematics, School of Advanced Sciences, VIT University, Vellore 632 014, Tamilnadu, India
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29
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Kumar P, Yadav D, Kumar P, Panesar PS, Bunkar DS, Mishra D, Chopra HK. Comparative study on conventional, ultrasonication and microwave assisted extraction of γ-oryzanol from rice bran. J Food Sci Technol 2016; 53:2047-53. [PMID: 27413233 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-016-2175-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 12/26/2015] [Accepted: 01/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
In present study, conventional, ultrasonic and microwave assisted extraction methods were compared with the aim of optimizing best fitting solvent and method, solvent concentration and digestion time for high yield of γ-oryzanol from rice bran. Petroleum ether, hexane and methanol were used to prepare extracts. Extraction yield were evaluated for giving high crude oil yield, total phenolic content (TPC) and γ-oryzanol content. Gas chromatography-mass spectrophotometry was used for the determination of γ-oryzanol concentration. The highest concentration of γ-oryzanol was detected in methanolic extracts of microwave treatment (85.0 ppm) followed by ultrasonication (82.0 ppm) and conventional extraction method (73.5 ppm). Concentration of γ-oryzanol present in the extracts was found to be directly proportional to the total phenolic content. A combination of 80 % methanolic concentration and 55 minutes digestion time of microwave treatment yielded the best extraction method for TPC and thus γ-oryzanol (105 ppm).
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Affiliation(s)
- Pramod Kumar
- Department of Food Engineering and Technology, Sant Longowal Institute of Engineering and Technology, Longowal, Punjab 148106 India ; Dairy Chemistry Division, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana 132001 India
| | - Devbrat Yadav
- Centre of Food Science & Technology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221005 India
| | - Pradyuman Kumar
- Department of Food Engineering and Technology, Sant Longowal Institute of Engineering and Technology, Longowal, Punjab 148106 India
| | - Paramjeet Singh Panesar
- Department of Food Engineering and Technology, Sant Longowal Institute of Engineering and Technology, Longowal, Punjab 148106 India
| | - Durga Shankar Bunkar
- Centre of Food Science & Technology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221005 India
| | - Diwaker Mishra
- Centre of Food Science & Technology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221005 India
| | - H K Chopra
- Dairy Technology Division, SRS, National Dairy Research Institute, Adagodi, Bangluru 530030 India
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Yuan Y, Macquarrie D. Microwave assisted extraction of sulfated polysaccharides (fucoidan) from Ascophyllum nodosum and its antioxidant activity. Carbohydr Polym 2015; 129:101-7. [PMID: 26050894 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2015.04.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2015] [Revised: 04/08/2015] [Accepted: 04/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Sulfated polysaccharides (fucoidan) from brown seaweed Ascophyllum nodosum were extracted by microwave assisted extraction (MAE) technology. Different conditions of temperature (90-150°C), extraction time (5-30 min) were evaluated and optimal fucoidan yield was 16.08%, obtained from 120°C for 15 min's extraction. Compositional analysis, GPC, HPAEC and IR analysis were employed for characterization of extracted sulfated polysaccharides. Fucose was the main monosaccharide of fucoidan extracted at 90°C while glucuronic acid was the main monosaccharide of fucoidan extracted at 150°C. Both the molecular weight and sulfate content of extracted fucoidan increased with decreasing extraction temperature. All fucoidans exhibited antioxidant activities as measured by DPPH scavenging and reducing power, among which fucoidan extracted at 90°C was highest. This study shows that MAE is an efficient technology to extract sulfated polysaccharides from seaweed and Ascophyllum nodosum could potentially be a resource for natural antioxidants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Yuan
- Green Chemistry Centre of Excellence, University of York, Heslington, YO10 5DD York, UK
| | - Duncan Macquarrie
- Green Chemistry Centre of Excellence, University of York, Heslington, YO10 5DD York, UK.
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31
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Sricharoen P, Techawongstein S, Chanthai S. A high correlation indicating for an evaluation of antioxidant activity and total phenolics content of various chilli varieties. J Food Sci Technol 2015; 52:8077-85. [PMID: 26604380 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-015-1931-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 06/17/2015] [Accepted: 06/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Use of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) as a suitable extraction solvent under the optimum conditions of microwave assisted extraction (MAE) prior to total phenolics determination and antioxidant activity assay was conducted. The MAE method was done with 0.05 g sample in 10 mL DMSO at 500 W within 5 min. The effects of DMSO on various antioxidant activities using DPPH(·+), DMPD(·+), ABTS(·+) and FRAP, and Folin-Ciocalteu reagent were investigated. From the results, it is clearly demonstrated that the DMSO itself shows no effect on any of those antioxidant assays including total phenolics content. The DMSO extracts of 14 local chilli varieties gave their antioxidant activities in the following ranges: DPPH, 3.07-20.0; DMPD, 1.52-6.61; ABTS, 20.4-56.0; FRAP, 8.98-42.1 mg GA/g DW. Their total phenolics contents were found in the range of 53.7-200 mg GA/g DW. This study demonstrates that DMSO was found as the most suitable extraction solvent for antioxidants and phenolics from chilli. In addition, analysis of the data obtained among four antioxidant activity assays with respect to total phenolics shows a highly significant and positive regression coefficient (r > 0.92), indicating the total phenolics are primarily responsible for their antioxidant activity of the chilli extract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phitchan Sricharoen
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002 Thailand
| | - Suchila Techawongstein
- Department of Plant Science and Agricultural Resources, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002 Thailand
| | - Saksit Chanthai
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002 Thailand
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32
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Zhang Y, Li HF, Ma Y, Jin Y, Kong G, Lin JM. Microwave assisted extraction-solid phase extraction for high-efficient and rapid analysis of monosaccharides in plants. Talanta 2014; 129:404-10. [PMID: 25127612 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2014.05.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2014] [Revised: 05/27/2014] [Accepted: 05/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Monosaccharides are the fundamental composition units of saccharides which are a common source of energy for metabolism. An effective and simple method consisting of microwave assisted extraction (MAE), solid phase extraction (SPE) and high performance liquid chromatography-refractive index detector (HPLC-RID) was developed for rapid detection of monosaccharides in plants. The MAE was applied to break down the structure of the plant cells and release the monosaccharides, while the SPE procedure was adopted to purify the extract before analysis. Finally, the HPLC-RID was employed to separate and analyze the monosaccharides with amino column. As a result, the extraction time was reduced to 17 min, which was nearly 85 times faster than soxhlet extraction. The recoveries of arabinose, xylose, fructose and glucose were 85.01%, 87.79%, 103.17%, and 101.24%, with excellent relative standard deviations (RSDs) of 1.94%, 1.13%, 0.60% and 1.67%, respectively. The proposed method was demonstrated to be efficient and time-saving, and had been applied to analyze monosaccharides in tobacco and tea successfully.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Microanalytical Methods and Instrumentation, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Hai-Fang Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Microanalytical Methods and Instrumentation, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yuan Ma
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Microanalytical Methods and Instrumentation, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yan Jin
- Yunnan Academy of Tobacco Agricultural Science, Yuxi 653100, China.
| | - Guanghui Kong
- Yunnan Academy of Tobacco Agricultural Science, Yuxi 653100, China
| | - Jin-Ming Lin
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Microanalytical Methods and Instrumentation, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
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Cabarcos P, Tabernero MJ, Otero JL, Míguez M, Bermejo AM, Martello S, De Giovanni N, Chiarotti M. Quantification of fatty acid ethyl esters (FAEE) and ethyl glucuronide (EtG) in meconium for detection of alcohol abuse during pregnancy: Correlation study between both biomarkers. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2014; 100:74-78. [PMID: 25137651 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2014.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2014] [Revised: 06/30/2014] [Accepted: 07/23/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
This article presents results from 47 meconium samples, which were analyzed for fatty acid ethyl esters (FAEE) and ethyl glucuronide (EtG) for detection of gestational alcohol consumption. A validated microwave assisted extraction (MAE) method in combination with GC-MS developed in the Institute of Forensic Science (Santiago de Compostela) was used for FAEE and the cumulative concentration of ethyl myristate, ethyl palmitate and ethyl stearate with a cut-off of 600ng/g was applied for interpretation. A simple method for identification and quantification of EtG has been evaluated by ultrasonication followed solid phase extraction (SPE). Successful validation parameters were obtained for both biochemical markers of alcohol intake. FAEE and EtG concentrations in meconium ranged between values lower than LOD and 32,892ng/g or 218ng/g respectively. We have analyzed FAEE and EtG in the same meconium aliquot, enabling comparison of the efficiency of gestational ethanol exposure detection. Certain agreement between the two biomarkers was found as they are both a very specific alcohol markers, making it a useful analysis for confirmation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela Cabarcos
- Institute of Forensic Science, Forensic Toxicology Service, Faculty of Medicine, University of Santiago de Compostela, C/San Francisco s/n, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
| | - María Jesús Tabernero
- Institute of Forensic Science, Forensic Toxicology Service, Faculty of Medicine, University of Santiago de Compostela, C/San Francisco s/n, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - José Luís Otero
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Medicine, University of Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Martha Míguez
- Institute of Forensic Science, Forensic Toxicology Service, Faculty of Medicine, University of Santiago de Compostela, C/San Francisco s/n, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Ana María Bermejo
- Institute of Forensic Science, Forensic Toxicology Service, Faculty of Medicine, University of Santiago de Compostela, C/San Francisco s/n, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Simona Martello
- Institute of Public Health, Section of Legal Medicine, Catholic University of Sacred Heart, Rome, L.go F. Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Nadia De Giovanni
- Institute of Public Health, Section of Legal Medicine, Catholic University of Sacred Heart, Rome, L.go F. Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Marcello Chiarotti
- Institute of Public Health, Section of Legal Medicine, Catholic University of Sacred Heart, Rome, L.go F. Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy
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Karami Z, Emam-Djomeh Z, Mirzaee HA, Khomeiri M, Mahoonak AS, Aydani E. Optimization of microwave assisted extraction (MAE) and soxhlet extraction of phenolic compound from licorice root. J Food Sci Technol 2014; 52:3242-53. [PMID: 26028705 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-014-1384-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 08/26/2013] [Accepted: 04/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
In present study, response surface methodology was used to optimize extraction condition of phenolic compounds from licorice root by microwave application. Investigated factors were solvent (ethanol 80 %, methanol 80 % and water), liquid/solid ratio (10:1-25:1) and time (2-6 min). Experiments were designed according to the central composite rotatable design. The results showed that extraction conditions had significant effect on the extraction yield of phenolic compounds and antioxidant capacities. Optimal condition in microwave assisted method were ethanol 80 % as solvent, extraction time of 5-6 min and liquid/solid ratio of 12.7/1. Results were compared with those obtained by soxhlet extraction. In soxhlet extraction, Optimum conditions were extraction time of 6 h for ethanol 80 % as solvent. Value of phenolic compounds and extraction yield of licorice root in microwave assisted (MAE), and soxhlet were 47.47 mg/g and 16.38 %, 41.709 mg/g and 14.49 %, respectively. These results implied that MAE was more efficient extracting method than soxhlet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zohreh Karami
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Gorgan, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Zahra Emam-Djomeh
- Transfer Phenomena Lab (TPL), Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, University of Tehran, 31587-11167 Karaj, Iran
| | - Habib Allah Mirzaee
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Gorgan, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Morteza Khomeiri
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Gorgan, Gorgan, Iran
| | | | - Emad Aydani
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Gorgan, Gorgan, Iran
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35
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Watterson JH, Imfeld AB, Cornthwaite HC. Determination of colchicine and O-demethylated metabolites in decomposed skeletal tissues by microwave assisted extraction, microplate solid phase extraction and ultra-high performance liquid chromatography (MAE-MPSPE-UHPLC). J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2014; 960:145-50. [PMID: 24799069 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2014.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2013] [Revised: 04/02/2014] [Accepted: 04/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Microwave assisted extraction (MAE) followed by microplate solid phase extraction (MPSPE) coupled with ultra high performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) for the semi-quantitative determination of colchicine, 3-demethyl colchicine and 2-demethyl colchicine in postmortem rat bone is described. Rats (n=4) received 50mg/kg colchicine (i.p), and euthanized by CO2 asphyxiation. Remains decomposed to skeleton outdoors and vertebral bones were collected cleaned, and ground to a fine powder. Powdered bone underwent MAE using methanol in a closed microwave system, followed by MPSPE and analysis using UHPLC-PDA. MAE analyte stability was assessed and found to be stable for at least 60 min irradiation time. The majority (>95%) of each analyte was recovered after 15 min. The MPSPE-UHPLC method was linear between 10 and 2,000 ng/mL, with coefficients of variation <20% in triplicate analysis, with a limit of detection of 10 ng/mL for each of the three analytes. Following MAE for 30 min (80°C, 1200W), MPSPE-UHPLC analysis of vertebral bone of colchicine-exposed rats detected colchicine (1.8-4.1 μg/g), 3-demethyl colchicine (0.77-1.8 μg/g) and 2-demethyl colchicine (0.43-0.80 μg/g) in all samples assayed.
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Affiliation(s)
- J H Watterson
- Department of Forensic Science, Laurentian University, 935 Ramsey Lake Rd, Sudbury, ON, Canada P3E 2C6.
| | - A B Imfeld
- Department of Forensic Science, Laurentian University, 935 Ramsey Lake Rd, Sudbury, ON, Canada P3E 2C6
| | - H C Cornthwaite
- Department of Forensic Science, Laurentian University, 935 Ramsey Lake Rd, Sudbury, ON, Canada P3E 2C6
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Li M, Ngadi MO, Ma Y. Optimisation of pulsed ultrasonic and microwave-assisted extraction for curcuminoids by response surface methodology and kinetic study. Food Chem 2014; 165:29-34. [PMID: 25038645 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.03.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2013] [Revised: 03/01/2014] [Accepted: 03/24/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
A response surface methodology and a kinetic study were used to optimise the pulsed ultrasonic and microwave techniques in the extraction of curcuminoids. Microwave-assisted extraction had the same efficiency as pulsed ultrasonic-assisted extraction, and both methods were better than continuous ultrasonic extraction of curcuminoids. For the pulsed ultrasonic-assisted extraction, the optimal conditions were 60% amplitude (AMP), 83% ethanol (v/v), 3/1 (s/s) pulsed duration/interval time and 10 min irradiation time. For the microwave-assisted extraction, the optimal conditions were 82% ethanol, 10% power level and 7 min of extraction time. Both methods used a 1:200 mass to solvent ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Li
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, 73, Huanghe Road, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150090, PR China; College of Pharmaceutical and Food Science, Tonghua Normal University, 950, Yucai Road, Tonghua, Jilin 134001, PR China
| | - Michael O Ngadi
- Department of Bioresource Engineering, Macdonald Campus, McGill University, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, Québec H9X 3V9, Canada.
| | - Ying Ma
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, 73, Huanghe Road, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150090, PR China.
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Zheng X, Zhang BT, Teng Y. Distribution of phthalate acid esters in lakes of Beijing and its relationship with anthropogenic activities. Sci Total Environ 2014; 476-477:107-113. [PMID: 24463031 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.12.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2013] [Revised: 12/24/2013] [Accepted: 12/24/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The distribution of 15 phthalate acid esters (PAEs) in water, sediment and suspended particle samples from representative lakes of Beijing was investigated and its relationship with anthropogenic activities was also assessed. The sample preparation and analysis methods for PAEs, using solid-phase extraction or microwave assisted extraction coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, were developed to achieve the satisfactory detection limits and recoveries. The analysis results indicated occurrences of most target PAEs were widespread in the researched lakes with the total PAE concentrations ranged from 0.386 to 3.184 μg/L in water, from 52.6 to 8216.4 ng/g dry weight in sediments and from 138.7 to 2052.4 μg/g dry weight in suspended particles. Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate and di-butyl phthalate were the predominant PAEs, frequently being detected in all matrices, followed by di-iso-butyl phthalate and butyl benzyl phthalate. It was also found that anthropogenic activities were associated with the spatial distribution of phthalates in sediments considering its relationship with population distribution characteristics of Beijing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxia Zheng
- College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Bo-Tao Zhang
- College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
| | - Yanguo Teng
- College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
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Barrera Vázquez MF, Comini LR, Martini RE, Núñez Montoya SC, Bottini S, Cabrera JL. Comparisons between conventional, ultrasound-assisted and microwave-assisted methods for extraction of anthraquinones from Heterophyllaea pustulata Hook f. (Rubiaceae). Ultrason Sonochem 2014; 21:478-84. [PMID: 24071561 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2013.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2012] [Revised: 08/20/2013] [Accepted: 08/31/2013] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
This work reports a comparative study about extraction methods used to obtain anthraquinones (AQs) from stems and leaves of Heterophyllae pustulata Hook (Rubiáceae). One of the conventional procedures used to extract these metabolites from a vegetable matrix is by successive Soxhlet extractions with solvents of increasing polarity: starting with hexane to eliminate chlorophylls and fatty components, following by benzene and finally ethyl acetate. However, this technique shows a low extraction yield of total AQs, and consumes large quantities of solvent and time. Ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) and microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) have been investigated as alternative methods to extract these compounds, using the same sequence of solvents. It was found that UAE increases the extraction yield of total AQs and reduces the time and amount of solvent used. Nevertheless, the combination UAE with benzene, plus MAE with ethyl acetate at a constant power of 900 W showed the best results. A higher yield of total AQs was obtained in less time and using the same amount of solvent that UAE. The optimal conditions for this latter procedure were UAE with benzene at 50 °C during 60 min, followed by MAE at 900 W during 15 min using ethyl acetate as extraction solvent.
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Affiliation(s)
- M F Barrera Vázquez
- IDTQ-Grupo Vinculado PLAPIQUI - CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Av. Vélez Sarsfield 1611, Ciudad Universitaria, Córdoba, Argentina
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Prakash Maran J, Sivakumar V, Thirugnanasambandham K, Sridhar R. Optimization of microwave assisted extraction of pectin from orange peel. Carbohydr Polym 2013; 97:703-9. [PMID: 23911504 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2013.05.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2013] [Revised: 04/22/2013] [Accepted: 05/20/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
In this study, microwave-assisted extraction was applied for pectin extraction from the dried orange peel and Box-Behnken response surface design was used to study and optimize the effects of processing variables (microwave power, irradiation time, pH and solid-liquid ratio) on the yield of pectin. The amount of pectin extracted increased with increasing microwave power, while it reduces as the time, pH and solid-liquid ratio increased. From the results, second order polynomial model was developed and it adequately explained the data variation and significantly represented the actual relationship between independent variables and the response. An optimization study using Derringer's desired function methodology was performed and optimal conditions based on both individual and combinations of all independent variables (microwave power of 422W, irradiation time of 169 s, pH of 1.4 and solid-liquid ratio of 1:16.9 g/ml) were determined with maximum pectin yield of 19.24%, which was confirmed through validation experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Prakash Maran
- Department of Food Technology, Kongu Engineering College, Perundurai, Erode 638052, TN, India.
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Wang Y, You J, Yu Y, Qu C, Zhang H, Ding L, Zhang H, Li X. Analysis of ginsenosides in Panax ginseng in high pressure microwave-assisted extraction. Food Chem 2008; 110:161-7. [PMID: 26050179 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2008.01.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2007] [Revised: 01/14/2008] [Accepted: 01/17/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
High pressure microwave assisted extraction (HPMAE) was applied to extract the ginsenosides from Panax ginseng root. The influences of extraction solvent, extraction pressure and extraction time were individually investigated. HPMAE has been compared with other extraction methods, including Soxhlet extraction, ultrasound-assisted extraction and heat reflux extraction. The determination of ginsenosides was performed by HPLC-ESI-MS. The results indicated that the HPMAE not only took a shorter time but also afforded higher extraction yields of ginsenosides, especially ginsenoside Rb1, Rc, Rb2 and Rd. Furthermore, the neutral ginsenosides and malonyl ginsenosides in Panax ginseng root extracts by HPMAE were investigated. The malonyl ginsenoside m-Rb1, m-Rc, m-Rb2 and m-Rd degraded in HPMAE at 400kPa (109-112°C) in 70%(v/v) ethanol-water and at 600kPa (112-115°C) in methanol, and transformed into corresponding neutral ginsenoside Rb1, Rc, Rb2 and Rd. Using water as extraction solution, the neutral ginsenosides degraded under HPMAE at 400kPa (135-140°C), and transformed into less polarity rare ginsenosides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutang Wang
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, PR China
| | - Jingyan You
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, PR China
| | - Yong Yu
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, PR China
| | - Chenling Qu
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, PR China
| | - Huarong Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, PR China
| | - Lan Ding
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, PR China
| | - Hanqi Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, PR China
| | - Xuwen Li
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, PR China.
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