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Abdulhaniff P, Sakayanathan P, Loganathan C, Iruthayaraj A, Thiyagarajan R, Thayumanavan P. Mammalian maltase-glucoamylase and sucrase-isomaltase inhibitory effects of Artocarpus heterophyllus: An in vitro and in silico approach. Comput Biol Chem 2024; 110:108052. [PMID: 38492557 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiolchem.2024.108052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
Alpha-glucosidase (maltase, sucrase, isomaltase and glucoamylase) activities which are involved in carbohydrate metabolism are present in human intestinal maltase-glucoamylase (MGAM) and sucrase-isomaltase (SI). Hence, these proteins are important targets to identify drugs against postprandial hyperglycemia thereby for diabetes. To find natural-based drugs against MGAM and SI, Artocarpus heterophyllus leaf was explored for MGAM and SI inhibition in in vitro and in silico. A. heterophyllus leaf aqueous active fraction (AHL-AAF) was prepared using Soxhlet extraction followed by silica column chromatography. The phytoconstituents of AHL-AAF were determined using LC-ESI-MS/MS. AHL-AAF showed dose-dependent and mixed inhibition against maltase (IC50 = 460 µg/ml; Ki = 300 µg/ml), glucoamylase (IC50 = 780 µg/ml; Ki = 480 µg/ml), sucrase (IC50 = 900 µg/ml, Ki = 504 µg/ml) and isomaltase (IC50 = 860 µg/ml, Ki = 400 µg/ml). AHL-AAF phytoconstituents interaction with N-terminal (Nt) and C-terminal (Ct) subunits of human MGAM and SI was analyzed using induced-fit docking, molecular dynamics (MD), and binding free energy calculation. In docking studies, rhamnosyl hexosyl methyl quercetin (RHMQ), P-coumaryl-O-16-hydroxy palmitic acid (PCHP), and spirostanol interacted with active site amino acids of human MGAM and SI. Among these RHMQ stably interacted with all the subunits (Nt-MGAM, Ct-MGAM, Nt-SI and Ct-SI) whereas PCHP with Ct-MGAM and Nt-SI during MD analysis. In molecular docking, the docking score of RHMQ with NtMGAM, CtMGAM, NtSI and CtSI was -8.48, -12.88, -11.98 and -11.37 kcal/mol. The docking score of PCHP for CtMGAM and NtSI was -8.59 and -8.4 kcal/mol, respectively. After MD simulation, the root mean square deviation (RMSD) and root mean square fluctuation (RMSF) values further confirmed the stable protein-ligand interaction. The RMSD value of all the complexes were around 2.5 Å and the corresponding RMSF values were also quite low. In MM/GBSA analysis, the involvement of Van der Waals and lipophilic energy in the protein/ligand interactions are understood. Further binding free energy for Nt-MGAM-PCHP, Nt-MGAM-RHMQ, Nt-SI-PCHP, Nt-SI-RHMQ, Ct-MGAM-PCHP, Ct-MGAM-RHMQ and Ct-SI-RHMQ complexes was found to be -24.94, -46.60, -46.56, -44.48, -40.3, -41.86 and -19.39 kcal/mol, respectively. Altogether, AHL-AAF showed inhibition of α-glucosidase activities of MGAM and SI. AHL-AAF could be further studied for its effect on diabetes in in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parveen Abdulhaniff
- Department of Biochemistry, Periyar University, Salem, Tamil Nadu 636011, India
| | - Penislusshiyan Sakayanathan
- Department of Biochemistry, Periyar University, Salem, Tamil Nadu 636011, India; Bioinnov Solutions LLP, Research and Development Center, Salem, Tamil Nadu 636009, India
| | - Chitra Loganathan
- Bioinnov Solutions LLP, Research and Development Center, Salem, Tamil Nadu 636009, India; Department of Prosthodontics and Implantology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical And Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Chennai 600077, India
| | - Ancy Iruthayaraj
- Bioinnov Solutions LLP, Research and Development Center, Salem, Tamil Nadu 636009, India
| | - Ramesh Thiyagarajan
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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Riga R, Happyana N, Hakim EH. Secondary metabolites from Colletotrichum gloeosporioides isolated from Artocarpus heterophyllus and evaluation of their cytotoxic and antibacterial activities. Nat Prod Res 2023:1-7. [PMID: 37837445 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2023.2269596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023]
Abstract
A new lactone, collectindolide (1), as well as three known compounds, (S)-sydonic acid (2), (S)-hidroxysydonic acid (3), and indole-3-aceticacid (4) were obtained from the liquid media of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, which was obtained from Artocarpus heterophyllus. The chemical structures of 1-4 were established by spectroscopic analyses, including NMR experiments and by HR-ESI-TOF-MS mass spectroscopy. Compounds 1-4 were evaluated for their cytotoxicity against murine leukaemia P-388 cell lines by MTT assay. Antibacterial activity of compounds 1-4 was also assayed against four bacteria. Phytochemical investigation of the genus Colletotrichum derived from the plant genus Artocarpus is reported for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riga Riga
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Negeri Padang, Padang, Indonesia
| | - Nizar Happyana
- Natural Products Research Group, Organic Chemistry Division, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Euis Holisotan Hakim
- Natural Products Research Group, Organic Chemistry Division, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung, Indonesia
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Spada FP, Lazarini JG, Batista PS, de Oliveira Sartori AG, Saliba ASMC, Pedroso Gomes do Amaral JE, Purgatto E, de Alencar SM. Cocoa powder and fermented jackfruit seed flour: A comparative cell-based study on their potential antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities after simulated gastrointestinal digestion. J Sci Food Agric 2023; 103:4956-4965. [PMID: 36960787 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.12568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Jackfruit seed flour can be used as a cocoa aroma replacer with similar technological properties. The purpose of this study was to investigate the in vivo toxicity and in vitro antioxidant activity of fermented jackfruit seed flour (Fjs) and non-alkaline cocoa powder (Nac). RESULTS Fjs and Nac extracts (Fjs-E and Nac-E) were produced and submitted to in vitro gastrointestinal digestion producing digested fractions named Fjs-D and Nac-D, respectively. Nac-E showed over two-fold higher oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) than Fjs-E. However, after simulated gastrointestinal digestion (in vitro), there were no significant differences between Nac-D and Fjs-D (P < 0.01). Similarly, the cellular antioxidant activity (CAA) of Nac-D and Fjs-D was not significantly different (P < 0.01). The anti-inflammatory assay in transgenic RAW 264.7 murine macrophages showed that Fjs-E did not affect cell viability up to 300 μg mL-1 (P > 0.05) and reduced by 15% the release of TNF-α (P < 0.05). Fjs-D did not affect cell viability up to 300 μg mL-1 (P > 0.05) and showed 58% reduction of NF-κB activation (P < 0.05), with no effects on TNF-α levels. Treatment with Nac-E up to 300 μg mL-1 did not decrease cell viability (P > 0.05) and reduced the release of TNF-α levels by 34% and 66% at 100 and 300 μg mL-1 , respectively (P < 0.05). Nac-D did not reduce the NF-κB activation or TNF-α levels at any tested concentration. CONCLUSION Collectively, these findings indicate that Fjs is a safe and promising functional ingredient with biological activities even after gastrointestinal digestion. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Papa Spada
- Department of Food and Experimental Nutrition, Food Research Center (FoRC), University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Agri-Food Industry, Food and Nutrition, University of São Paulo, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture (ESALQ), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Josy Goldoni Lazarini
- Department of Biosciences, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, Brazil
- Faculty of Medicine, Anhembi Morumbi University, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | | | - Alan Giovanini de Oliveira Sartori
- Department of Agri-Food Industry, Food and Nutrition, University of São Paulo, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture (ESALQ), São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Eduardo Purgatto
- Department of Food and Experimental Nutrition, Food Research Center (FoRC), University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Severino Matias de Alencar
- Department of Agri-Food Industry, Food and Nutrition, University of São Paulo, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture (ESALQ), São Paulo, Brazil
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Abstract
Artocarpus heterophyllus, known as jackfruit, was a tropical fruit and cultivated extensively as nutritional and medicinal properties in southern China in recent year. During July 2022, fruit rot was observed on the fruits at the bottom of jackfruit trees in an orchard in Zhanjiang, Guangdong (N21°9' 27" E110°17' 54") 3-4 days after typhoon. The incidence rate of fruit was about 0.3%. The initial symptom was white mycelia appearing on the surface of fruits. Mycelia with rhizomorphs spread rapidly over the fruits, formed white, often fan-shaped mats with the rapeseed size sclerotia. The infected fruits were water-soaked, quickly became rotten, and fell off. Sclerotia from disease fruits were incubated on PDA with 50 mg/L ampicillin at 25-28℃ in the dark for 2 days. Hyphae tips were transferred to get the purified isolates. Colonies with a radial growth rate of 23.2 mm/day had abundant aerial mycelia and profuse sclerotia on PDA. Hyphae of the isolates were transparent, branched, with clamp connections at septa, usually 2.9-8.3 µm (Ave. 5.8 µm) (n>30) wide. Aerial mycelia were whitish-cottony, with many narrow rhizomorphs. Spherical sclerotia developed at about 10 days after incubation, and gradually changed from white to tan-to-dark brown, and mature sclerotia were about 1.7 mm in size. The morphological characteristics was similar to those of Sclerotium rolfsii (teleomorph: Athelia rolfsii). To accurately identify the fungus, the internal transcribed spacer gene (ITS) and large subunit rRNA gene (LSU) of isolate CASS-BLM-1 were PCR amplified with primer pairs ITS1/ITS4 (White et al 1990) and V9G/LR5 (Klaubauf et al 2014). The amplicons were sequenced and deposited in GenBank with accession number OP535473 (ITS) and OP535474 (LSU). BLASTn results showed that the nucleotide sequences of ITS and LSU had high identity with corresponding sequences of A. rolfsii isolates CBS 191.62 (ITS: MH858139, 472/474(99.58%); LSU: MH869724, 882/885(99.66%)) (Vu et al 2019). Phylogenetic analysis based on ITS sequence data was obtained according to maximum likelihood method using MEGA analysis software, CASS-BLM1 was grouped in A. rolfsii clade with 100% bootstrap support value. Based on morphology and DNA sequences, the fungus was identified as A. rolfsii (anamorph: S. rolfsii). To fulfil Koch's postulates, healthy fruits on the tree and detached fruits were inoculated with 7-day-old sclerotia of isolate CASS-BLM1. Five unwound sites and five wound sites with a sterile needle were tested on each fruit and a sclerotium was put at each site. Fruits not inoculated with sclerotia were used as control the test was repeated three times. All fruit were enclosed in transparent plastic bags with sterile absorbent cotton moistened with sterile distilled water. The indoor and outdoor temperatures ranged from 25 to 30 ℃. Three days later, white mycelia were observed on all inoculation sites, and 5 days later, the inoculated fruits began to rot, while control fruits remained healthy. The same fungus with identical morphology and DNA sequences was re-isolated from the inoculated sites. Previously, A. rolfsii was reported to cause fruit rot disease on jackfruit in Bangladesh (Elahi et al 2021), this is the first report of A. rolfsii causing fruit rot on jackfruit in China. A. rolfsii is suitable for high temperature and humidity environment (Punja 1985), this report will help farmers to diagnose this disease, especially to strengthen the disease prevention during the typhoon season.
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Affiliation(s)
- Run Hua Yi
- Guangdong Ocean University, 74780, College of Coastal Agriculture Sciences, Department of Biotechnology,Agricultural College,Guangdong Ocean University,Huguang Yan, Zhanjiang, China, 524088;
| | - Hao Zhong Liao
- Guangdong Ocean University, 74780, College of Coastal Agriculture Sciences, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China;
| | - Ke Yu Li
- Guangdong Ocean University, 74780, College of Coastal Agriculture Sciences, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China;
| | - Feng Feng
- Guangdong Ocean University, 74780, College of Coastal Agriculture Sciences, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China;
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Fitrya, Amriani A, Novita RP, Gabriella R, Lestari SV, Agustina A. The diuretic effect of ethyl acetate fractions of Artocarpus altilis, Artocarpus champeden, and Artocarpus heterophyllus leaves in normotensive Wistar rats. J Ayurveda Integr Med 2023; 14:100746. [PMID: 37467570 PMCID: PMC10372390 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaim.2023.100746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Artocarpus altilis, A. Champeden, and Artocarpus heterophylus are popular species in Indonesia, and are commonly used as traditional medicine. OBJECTIVE This study aims to evaluate the diuretic effects of the ethyl acetate fraction of these three species on normotensive Wistar rats. METHODS The ethyl acetate fraction was prepared by a liquid-liquid extraction method. To evaluate diuretic effects, the sixty rats were divided into normal (distilled water), negative (4.5% NaCl), positive control (furosemide 5 mg/kg), and the testing groups. The testing groups were orally given the ethyl acetate fraction of A. altilis, Artocarpus champeden, and A. heterophylus at three dose levels of 25, 50, and 100 mg/kg. All animals were orally given 4.5% NaCl at a dose of 2 mL/200 g except the normal group; then the animals were given drugs according to group doses. Urine volume and electrolyte levels produced by the testing groups were compared to those of the control group. The concentration and ratio of ions were calculated to determine the natriuretic and carbonic anhydrase activities. RESULTS The ethyl acetate fractions of the three Artocarpus species at 100 mg/kg dose were more active than the standard furosemide (p < 0.05) to increase urinary excretion. Furthermore, at doses of 50 and 100 mg/kg, the fraction significantly increased the excretion of Na+, K+, and Cl- ions more than the standard (p < 0.05). The testing groups showed good natriuretic and carbonic anhydrase activities. CONCLUSIONS The ethyl acetate fraction of A. altilis, A. champeden, and A. heterophylus leaves performed good diuretic and natriuretic activities. Therefore, the fractions can be considered as potential natural diuretic medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fitrya
- Department of Pharmacy, Universitas Sriwijaya, South Sumatera, Indonesia.
| | - Annisa Amriani
- Department of Pharmacy, Universitas Sriwijaya, South Sumatera, Indonesia
| | | | - Rachel Gabriella
- Department of Pharmacy, Universitas Sriwijaya, South Sumatera, Indonesia
| | | | - Adelya Agustina
- Department of Pharmacy, Universitas Sriwijaya, South Sumatera, Indonesia
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Chen S, Luo Q, Zhao HP, Zhu YY, Jiang W, Li WY, Ren G. [Two new prenylated 2-arylbenzofurans from roots of Artocarpus heterophyllus and their anti-respiratory burst activities]. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi 2023; 48:1553-1557. [PMID: 37005843 DOI: 10.19540/j.cnki.cjcmm.20221114.202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2023]
Abstract
Two prenylated 2-arylbenzofurans were isolated from roots of Artocarpus heterophyllus, with a combination of various chromatographic approaches, including ODS, MCI, Sephadex LH-20, and semipreparative high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC). They were identified as 5-[6-hydroxy-4-methoxy-5,7-bis(3-methylbut-2-enyl)benzofuran-2-yl]-1,3-benzenediol(1) and 5-[2H,9H-2,2,9,9-tetramethyl-furo[2,3-f]pyrano[2,3-h][1]benzopyran-6-yl]-1,3-benzenediol(2) with spectroscopic methods, such as HR-ESI-MS, IR, 1D NMR, and 2D NMR, and named artoheterins B(1) and C(2), respectively. The anti-respiratory burst activities of the two compounds were evaluated with rat polymorphonuclear neutrophils(PMNs) stimulated by phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate(PMA). The results showed that 1 and 2 exhibited significant inhibitory effect on respiratory burst of PMNs with IC_(50) values of 0.27 and 1.53 μmol·L~(-1), respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si Chen
- Research Center of Natural Resources of Chinese Medicinal Materials and Ethnic Medicine,Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine Nanchang 330004,China
| | - Qin Luo
- Research Center of Natural Resources of Chinese Medicinal Materials and Ethnic Medicine,Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine Nanchang 330004,China
| | - Hai-Ping Zhao
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine Nanchang 330004,China
| | - Yu-Ye Zhu
- Research Center of Natural Resources of Chinese Medicinal Materials and Ethnic Medicine,Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine Nanchang 330004,China
| | - Wei Jiang
- Research Center of Natural Resources of Chinese Medicinal Materials and Ethnic Medicine,Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine Nanchang 330004,China
| | - Wen-Yan Li
- Research Center of Natural Resources of Chinese Medicinal Materials and Ethnic Medicine,Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine Nanchang 330004,China
| | - Gang Ren
- Research Center of Natural Resources of Chinese Medicinal Materials and Ethnic Medicine,Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine Nanchang 330004,China
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Priyadarshini S, Rayaguru K, Routray W, Dash SK. Study of functional, biochemical, and sensory qualities of jackfruit pulp powder produced through optimized foam-mat drying parameters. J Food Sci 2023; 88:926-941. [PMID: 36704897 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.16465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus) production is abundant during the summer season in Southeast Asia and is also produced throughout the year in some parts of South India. Attributed to the absence of viable process technology, the pulp is predominantly consumed fresh and has not been used effectively for other applications such as in ice cream, beverages, custard preparations, or as a flavor enhancer. The conversion of the high sugar-containing pulp to powder is difficult. Hence, the foam-mat drying of jackfruit pulp was carried out using different foaming agents and stabilizers. The effect of maltodextrin (MD; 3%, 4%, and 5% w/w), glycerol-monostearate (GMS; 2%, 3%, and 4% w/w), or soy protein (SP; 0.5%, 1%, and 1.5% w/w), and 0.5% methylcellulose added to the pulp at a concentration of 8 °Brix on foam expansion (FE; %), foam retention (FR; %), total carotenoids (TC; mg/100 g pulp), and overall acceptability (OA) were investigated, and their levels were optimized using central composite design of response surface methodology. The foam mats were dried at a drying air temperature of 70°C along with a foam thickness of 4 mm. The samples were evaluated based on drying time, foaming, functional, biochemical, and sensory qualities. The optimum levels of MD and GMS were 3.96% (4.0%) and 3.01% (3.0%), respectively, which led to the foam-mat-dried jackfruit powder with properties within the desirable range. At these optimum conditions, the predicted FE, FR, TC, and OA were 69.84%, 89.42%, 0.152 mg/100 g pulp, and 7.73, respectively. The optimum levels of MD and SP were 3.95% (4.0%) and 1.02% (1.0%), respectively, and the corresponding properties (considered as responses) of this foam-mat-dried jackfruit powder such as FE, FR, TC, and OA were 74.45%, 84.80%, 0.14 mg/100 g pulp, and 7.6, respectively. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: This study is one of the few studies that is focused on the development of a technique for the long-term preservation of jackfruit powder for further applications that will also reduce the wastage of jackfruit attributed to its fast perishability. This technology can be replicated in other parts of the world. This article has demonstrated foam-mat drying as a useful technique to achieve high-quality jackfruit pulp powders with desirable drying, foaming, functional, biochemical, and sensory qualities using different foaming agents and stabilizers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhashree Priyadarshini
- Department of Agricultural Processing and Food Engineering, College of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, O.U.A.T., Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Kalpana Rayaguru
- Department of Agricultural Processing and Food Engineering, College of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, O.U.A.T., Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Winny Routray
- Department of Food Process Engineering, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Sundergarh, Odisha, India
| | - Sanjaya K Dash
- Department of Agricultural Processing and Food Engineering, College of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, O.U.A.T., Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
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Widyawati T, Daulay M. Effect of Using Ethanol Extract of Artocarpus Heterophyllus Leaves and Olea Europea Fruit Oil Combination on Facial Skin. Acta Inform Med 2023; 31:168-171. [PMID: 37781490 PMCID: PMC10540744 DOI: 10.5455/aim.2023.31.168-171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Artocarpus heterophyllus (A. heterophyllus) leaves and Olea europea (OE) fruit oil are natural sources that have been traditionally used for health and skin care purpose. Objective To assess the potential synergistic effect of combining ethanol extract of A. heterophyllus leaves (AHLE) and OE fruit oil in the formulation of clay masks, specifically in terms of their effect on facial skin. Methods AHLE was obtained by the maceration method, while OE was purchased commercially. Total phenol and flavonoid content were calculated and a DPPH assay was conducted to evaluate the antioxidant properties. Furthermore, the four formulas prepared were F1 (AHLE 5%), F2 (OE 10%), F3 (AHLE 5% + OE 10%), and F4 (AHLE 2.5% + OE 5%). Adult women received weekly facial treatments with the formulated mask for one month. The effect of these treatments was evaluated based on several skin parameters, including moisture, oiliness, texture, collagen levels, pigmentation, sensitivity, and the presence of wrinkles. Furthermore, the data obtained were analyzed using the Wilcoxon sign-ranked test. Results AHLE contained total phenolic, flavonoid, and antioxidant activity higher than OE. Clay masks in all formulations showed homogeneity and do not contain coarse grain. After four weeks of treatment, the efficacy of the formulations demonstrated a significant effect. F1 exhibited a reduction in wrinkles by 36.27%, while F3 improved oily skin by 21.39%, enhanced skin texture by 44.32%, reduced pigmentation by 30.30%, and decreased skin sensitivity by 49.18%. Furthermore, F4 demonstrated an increase in skin moisture levels by 27.89% and a boost in collagen production by 32.00%. Conclusion The combination of AHLE and OE at 5% and 10% demonstrated superior effectiveness compared to their individual use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tri Widyawati
- Departement of Pharmacology and Therapeutic, Faculty of Medicine, Medan, Indonesia
- Master Program in Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, North Sumatera, 20155, Indonesia
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Dive A, Singhal R, Srivastava S, Shukre K, James D, Shetty S. Isolation and functional characterization of novel isoprene synthase from Artocarpus heterophyllus (jackfruit). 3 Biotech 2023; 13:24. [PMID: 36573156 PMCID: PMC9789294 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-022-03441-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Isoprene, a Natural Volatile Organic Compound (NVOC) is one of the chief by-products of plant metabolism with important applications in the synthesis of rubber and pharmaceuticals as a platform molecule. Isoprene was obtained earlier from petroleum sources; however, to synthesise it new fermentation-based strategies are being adopted. Bioinformatics tools were utilised to isolate the Isoprene Synthase (IspS) gene which converts the precursors Isopentenyl Diphosphate (IPP) and Dimethylallyl Diphosphate (DMAPP) into isoprene. Metabolic engineering strategies were to synthesise an isoprene-producing recombinant clone derived from Artocarpus heterophyllus (jackfruit). The functional characterization was done using the overexpression of the isoprene synthase gene in an Escherichia coli BL21 host. The recombinant clone, ISPS_GBL_001 (submitted to GenBank, National Centre for Biotechnology Information or NCBI) was used for fermentation in the batch and fed-batch mode to produce isoprene. Isoprene productivity of 0.08 g/g dextrose was obtained via the fed-batch mode maintaining the process parameters at optimum. The quantification and confirmation of isoprene was done using gas chromatography (GC) and GC-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) of the extracted sample, respectively. This study makes significant contribution to the ongoing research on bio-isoprene synthesis by highlighting a novel plant source of the IspS gene followed by, its successful expression in a recombinant host, validated by fermentation. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-022-03441-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amol Dive
- Institute of Chemical Technology, Matunga, Mumbai, India
- Godavari Biorefineries Ltd., Mahape, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Rekha Singhal
- Institute of Chemical Technology, Matunga, Mumbai, India
| | | | - Kedar Shukre
- Godavari Biorefineries Ltd., Mahape, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Deepak James
- Godavari Biorefineries Ltd., Mahape, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Sneha Shetty
- Godavari Biorefineries Ltd., Mahape, Navi Mumbai, India
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Tribhuvan KU, Singh DK, Pradhan B, Bishi SK, Pandey A, Kumar S, Bhati J, Mishra DC, Das A, Sharma TR, Pattanayak A, Singh BK. Sequencing and de novo transcriptome assembly for discovering regulators of gene expression in Jack ( Artocarpus heterophyllus). Genomics 2022; 114:110356. [PMID: 35364267 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2022.110356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Jack (Artocarpus heterophyllus) is a multipurpose fruit-tree species with minimal genomic resources. The study reports developing comprehensive transcriptome data containing 80,411 unigenes with an N50 value of 1265 bp. We predicted 64,215 CDSs from the unigenes and annotated and functionally categorized them into the biological process (23,230), molecular function (27,149), and cellular components (17,284). From 80,411 unigenes, we discovered 16,853 perfect SSRs with 192 distinct repeat motif types reiterating 4 to 22 times. Besides, we identified 2741 TFs from 69 TF families, 53 miRNAs from 19 conserved miRNA families, 25,953 potential lncRNAs, and placed three functional eTMs in different lncRNA-miRNA pairs. The regulatory networks involving genes, TFs, and miRNAs identified several regulatory and regulated nodes providing insight into miRNAs' gene associations and transcription factor-mediated regulation. The comparison of expression patterns of some selected miRNAs vis-à-vis their corresponding target genes showed an inverse relationship indicating the possible miRNA-mediated regulation of the genes.
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Abstract
Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam. (Family Moraceae), is a tropical tree, native to India and common in Asia, Africa, and several regions in South America. The fruit is commonly known as jackfruit which is one of the largest edible fruits in the world. Jackfruits comprises a wide range of nutrients, including minerals, carbohydrates, volatile compounds, proteins, and vitamins. The fruit, bark, leaves, and roots are endowed with therapeutic attributes and are utilized in the many traditional medicinal systems for the management of various ailments. Fruit and seeds are commonly used to prepare various food items, including sauce, ice creams, jams, jellies, and marmalades. Due to unique texture, jackfruit is becoming a popular meat substitute. Based on preclinical studies, jackfruit exhibits antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-melanin, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, antiviral, anthelmintic, wound-healing, and antineoplastic activities. Clinical studies reveal that the leaves possess antidiabetic action in healthy and insulin-independent diabetic individuals. Despite numerous health benefits, regrettably, jackfruit has not been properly utilized in a marketable scale in areas where it is produced. This review delivers an updated, comprehensive, and critical evaluation on the nutritional value, phytochemical profiling, pharmacological attributes and underlying mechanisms of action to explore the full potential of jackfruit in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashutosh Gupta
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Alexis R Marquess
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, Florida, USA
| | - Abhay Kumar Pandey
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Anupam Bishayee
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, Florida, USA
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Aguilar-Veloz LM, Calderón-Santoyo M, Ragazzo-Sánchez JA. Optimization of microwave assisted extraction of Artocarpus Heterophyllus leaf polyphenols with inhibitory action against Alternaria sp. and antioxidant capacity. Food Sci Biotechnol 2021; 30:1695-1707. [PMID: 34925944 PMCID: PMC8639880 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-021-00996-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The Artocarpus heterophyllus extracts are receiving attention due to their agro-food applications. Then, the simultaneous optimization of microwave-assisted extraction of polyphenols from jackfruit leaf with growth inhibitory action against Alternaria sp. was studied. The effects of power and time on total soluble polyphenols and total flavonoids contents, and antifungal activity were investigated using response surface methodology. Temperature behavior was considered also. Models showed good prediction and successfully validation. Treatment at 840 W and 2 min allowed the responses maximization (148.75 mg galic acid equivalent /g dried weight of total soluble polyphenols, 13.28 mg rutin equivalent /g dried weight of total flavonoids, and 39.9% of antifungal activity). Furthermore, high ABTS+ (97%) and DPPH (92%) inhibition was exhibited, as a function of the polyphenol's concentration and composition. Mainly flavonoids with potential antioxidant and antifungal properties were detected. These findings suggest the potentialities of these extracts for Alternaria sp. control during tomato postharvest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Maryoris Aguilar-Veloz
- Laboratorio Integral de Investigación en Alimentos, Tecnológico Nacional de México/Instituto Tecnológico de Tepic, Av. Tecnológico #2595, Col. Lagos del Country, C.P. 63175 Tepic, Nayarit México
| | - Montserrat Calderón-Santoyo
- Laboratorio Integral de Investigación en Alimentos, Tecnológico Nacional de México/Instituto Tecnológico de Tepic, Av. Tecnológico #2595, Col. Lagos del Country, C.P. 63175 Tepic, Nayarit México
| | - Juan Arturo Ragazzo-Sánchez
- Laboratorio Integral de Investigación en Alimentos, Tecnológico Nacional de México/Instituto Tecnológico de Tepic, Av. Tecnológico #2595, Col. Lagos del Country, C.P. 63175 Tepic, Nayarit México
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Permanasari AA, Aoki-Utsubo C, Wahyuni TS, Tumewu L, Adianti M, Widyawaruyanti A, Hotta H, Hafid AF. An in vitro study of an Artocarpus heterophyllus substance as a hepatitis C antiviral and its combination with current anti-HCV drugs. BMC Complement Med Ther 2021; 21:260. [PMID: 34641875 PMCID: PMC8507375 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-021-03408-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Current therapy of chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) with direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) has dramatically improved the sustained virologic response (SVR) of affected patients; however, treatment with DAAs remains expensive, and drug-resistant HCV variants remain a threat. As a result, there is still a need to continue to develop affordable and effective drugs for the treatment of HCV. Previously, we have demonstrated that a crude extract from Artocarpus heterophyllus leaves is a potential anti-HCV candidate. In this study, we have further purified this crude extract, examined which sub-fraction possesses the highest antiviral activity, and then explored its efficacy at different HCV life cycle stages. We also assessed synergistic antiviral effects between the A. heterophyllus extract and commercially available anti-HCV drugs. Methods We used vacuum liquid chromatography (VLC) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) to fractionate a dichloromethane extract of A. heterophyllus leaves. We then examined the anti-HCV activity of the fractions using HCV genotype 2a, JFH1a; the antiviral mode of action was determined by exploring adding the treatments at different times. We examined the antiviral effects on the viral entry stage through a virucidal activity test, viral adsorption examination, and pretreatment of cells with the drug. The effects on the post-viral entry stage were determined by the levels of HCV protein expression and HCV RNA expression in infected cells. Results Through activity guided purification, we identified the sub-fraction FR3T3 as possessing the most robust anti-HCV activity with an IC50 value of 4.7 ± 1.0 μg/mL. Mode-of-action analysis revealed that FR3T3 inhibited post-viral entry stages such as HCV NS3 protein expression and HCV RNA replication with marginal effects on the viral entry stage. Thin-layer Chromatography (TLC) indicated that FR3T3 contained terpenoids and chlorophyll-related compounds. We also found a synergistic antiviral activity when the DCM extract of A. heterohyllus was used in combination therapy with commercial anti-HCV drugs; Ribavirin, Simeprevir, Cyclosporin A. Conclusions The extract of A. heterophyllus and its sub-fraction, FR3T3, presented here have anti-HCV activities and could be candidate drugs for add-on-therapy for treatment of chronic HCV infections.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chie Aoki-Utsubo
- Department of Public Health, Kobe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, 7-10-2, Tomogaoka, Suma-ku, Kobe, 654-0142, Japan
| | - Tutik Sri Wahyuni
- Institute of Tropical Disease, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, 60115, Indonesia.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, 60115, Indonesia
| | - Lidya Tumewu
- Institute of Tropical Disease, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, 60115, Indonesia
| | - Myrna Adianti
- Institute of Tropical Disease, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, 60115, Indonesia.,Department of Health, Study Program Traditional Medicine, Vocational Faculty, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Aty Widyawaruyanti
- Institute of Tropical Disease, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, 60115, Indonesia.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, 60115, Indonesia
| | - Hak Hotta
- Faculty of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Konan Women's University, 6-2-23, Morikita-machi, Higashida-ku, Kobe, 658-0001, Japan
| | - Achmad Fuad Hafid
- Institute of Tropical Disease, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, 60115, Indonesia. .,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, 60115, Indonesia.
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Meng X, Xu J, Zhang M, Du R, Zhao W, Zeng Q, Tu Z, Chen J, Chen B. Third-generation sequencing and metabolome analysis reveal candidate genes and metabolites with altered levels in albino jackfruit seedlings. BMC Genomics 2021; 22:543. [PMID: 34271866 PMCID: PMC8283932 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-021-07873-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Most plants rely on photosynthesis; therefore, albinism in plants with leaves that are white instead of green causes slow growth, dwarfing, and even death. Although albinism has been characterized in annual model plants, little is known about albino trees. Jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus) is an important tropical fruit tree species. To gain insight into the mechanisms underlying the differential growth and development between albino jackfruit mutants and green seedlings, we analyzed root, stem, and leaf tissues by combining PacBio single-molecule real-time (SMRT) sequencing, high-throughput RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq), and metabolomic analysis. RESULTS We identified 8,202 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), including 225 genes encoding transcription factors (TFs), from 82,572 full-length transcripts. We also identified 298 significantly changed metabolites (SCMs) in albino A. heterophyllus seedlings from a set of 692 metabolites in A. heterophyllus seedlings. Pathway analysis revealed that these DEGs were highly enriched in metabolic pathways such as 'photosynthesis', 'carbon fixation in photosynthetic organisms', 'glycolysis/gluconeogenesis', and 'TCA cycle'. Analysis of the metabolites revealed 76 SCMs associated with metabolic pathways in the albino mutants, including L-aspartic acid, citric acid, succinic acid, and fumaric acid. We selected 225 differentially expressed TF genes, 333 differentially expressed metabolic pathway genes, and 76 SCMs to construct two correlation networks. Analysis of the TF-DEG network suggested that basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) and MYB-related TFs regulate the expression of genes involved in carbon fixation and energy metabolism to affect light responses or photomorphogenesis and normal growth. Further analysis of the DEG-SCM correlation network and the photosynthetic carbon fixation pathway suggested that NAD-ME2 (encoding a malic enzyme) and L-aspartic acid jointly inhibit carbon fixation in the albino mutants, resulting in reduced photosynthetic efficiency and inhibited plant growth. CONCLUSIONS Our preliminarily screening identified candidate genes and metabolites specifically affected in albino A. heterophyllus seedlings, laying the foundation for further study of the regulatory mechanism of carbon fixation during photosynthesis and energy metabolism. In addition, our findings elucidate the way genes and metabolites respond in albino trees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangxu Meng
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Germplasm Innovation of Tropical Special Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education/Engineering Research Center of Rare and Precious Tree Species in Hainan Province, School of Forestry, Hainan University, 570228, Haikou, People's Republic of China
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Biology of Tropical Ornamental Plant Germplasm, Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, School of Forestry, Hainan University, 570228, Haikou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiahong Xu
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Germplasm Innovation of Tropical Special Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education/Engineering Research Center of Rare and Precious Tree Species in Hainan Province, School of Forestry, Hainan University, 570228, Haikou, People's Republic of China
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Biology of Tropical Ornamental Plant Germplasm, Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, School of Forestry, Hainan University, 570228, Haikou, People's Republic of China
| | - Maoning Zhang
- School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 450001, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruyue Du
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Germplasm Innovation of Tropical Special Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education/Engineering Research Center of Rare and Precious Tree Species in Hainan Province, School of Forestry, Hainan University, 570228, Haikou, People's Republic of China
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Biology of Tropical Ornamental Plant Germplasm, Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, School of Forestry, Hainan University, 570228, Haikou, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenxiu Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Germplasm Innovation of Tropical Special Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education/Engineering Research Center of Rare and Precious Tree Species in Hainan Province, School of Forestry, Hainan University, 570228, Haikou, People's Republic of China
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Biology of Tropical Ornamental Plant Germplasm, Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, School of Forestry, Hainan University, 570228, Haikou, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Germplasm Innovation of Tropical Special Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education/Engineering Research Center of Rare and Precious Tree Species in Hainan Province, School of Forestry, Hainan University, 570228, Haikou, People's Republic of China
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Biology of Tropical Ornamental Plant Germplasm, Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, School of Forestry, Hainan University, 570228, Haikou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhihua Tu
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Germplasm Innovation of Tropical Special Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education/Engineering Research Center of Rare and Precious Tree Species in Hainan Province, School of Forestry, Hainan University, 570228, Haikou, People's Republic of China
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Biology of Tropical Ornamental Plant Germplasm, Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, School of Forestry, Hainan University, 570228, Haikou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinhui Chen
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Germplasm Innovation of Tropical Special Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education/Engineering Research Center of Rare and Precious Tree Species in Hainan Province, School of Forestry, Hainan University, 570228, Haikou, People's Republic of China.
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Biology of Tropical Ornamental Plant Germplasm, Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, School of Forestry, Hainan University, 570228, Haikou, People's Republic of China.
| | - Beibei Chen
- College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, 524088, Zhanjiang, People's Republic of China.
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Olalere OA, Gan CY, Abdurahman HN, Adeyi O, Ahmad MM. Holistic approach to microwave-reflux extraction and thermo-analytical fingerprints of under-utilized Artocarpus heterophyllus seed wastes. Heliyon 2020; 6:e04770. [PMID: 32923719 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The increase in wastes generated from jackfruit seeds has been largely under-utilized in Malaysia. Due to the high nutritional and medicinal content embedded in the cellulosic structure of jackfruit wastes, a need then arises for their physicochemical elucidations. In this study, the extraction of Artocarpus heterophyllus seed was carefully investigated using Taguchi orthogonal optimization design. Complete functional group characteristics and chemical profile of the A. heterophyllus seed extracts were obtained using different physicochemical characterization. The optimal conditions of the microwave extraction parameters were determined at 5 min of irradiation time, 450 W of power and 50 °C of temperature. Under this condition, the optimal yield of 17.34 (mg/g) % was achieved at an SNR ratio of 24.78. The mass spectrometry analysis tentatively identified a total of 90 and 148 secondary metabolites at positive and negative ESI modes, respectively. The chemical profile obtained provided a baseline reference for further investigation on the food and medicinal bioactive from Artocarpus heterophyllus seed oleoresins. The FT-infrared emission spectrum shows the presence of some specific carbohydrates and amide protein functional groups directly linked to C–O (1008 cm−1) the carbonyl (C=O) groups, respectively. Moreover, the morphological characteristics of the jackfruit raw and crude extracts conspicuously revealed large-sized globules which suggest the carbohydrates and protein contents. The result of this study indicates that the use of microwave extraction technology produced high-quality extracts with lower degradation of the thermal labile constituents. This will assist in determining the suitable conditions necessary for the total recovery of medicinal and nutritional constituents and conversion of agricultural waste products into useful products.
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Chai TT, Xiao J, Mohana Dass S, Teoh JY, Ee KY, Ng WJ, Wong FC. Identification of antioxidant peptides derived from tropical jackfruit seed and investigation of the stability profiles. Food Chem 2020; 340:127876. [PMID: 32871354 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.127876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Jackfruit is a sweet tropical fruit with very pleasant aroma, and the ripe seeds are edible. In this study, jackfruit seed proteins were isolated and subjected to trypsin digestion. The resultant protein hydrolysate was then subjected to antioxidant assay-guided purification, using centrifugal filtration, C18 reverse-phase and strong cation exchange (SCX) fractionations. The purified SCX fraction was further analyzed by de novo peptide sequencing, and two peptide sequences were identified and synthesized. Peptide JFS-2 (VGPWQK) was detected with antioxidant potential, with EC50 value comparable to that of commercial GSH antioxidant peptide. Additionally, the identified peptides were tested with protein protection potential, in an albumin protein denaturation inhibitory assay. Concurrently, we also investigated the pH, temperature, and gastrointestinal-digestion stability profiles for the identified peptide. With further research efforts, the identified peptides could potentially be developed into preservative agent for protein-rich food systems or as health-promoting diet supplements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsun-Thai Chai
- Centre for Biodiversity Research, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, 31900 Kampar, Malaysia; Faculty of Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, 31900 Kampar, Malaysia
| | - Jianbo Xiao
- International Research Center for Food Nutrition and Safety, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | | | - Jia-Yun Teoh
- Faculty of Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, 31900 Kampar, Malaysia
| | - Kah-Yaw Ee
- Centre for Biodiversity Research, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, 31900 Kampar, Malaysia; Faculty of Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, 31900 Kampar, Malaysia
| | - Wen-Jie Ng
- Centre for Biodiversity Research, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, 31900 Kampar, Malaysia; Faculty of Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, 31900 Kampar, Malaysia
| | - Fai-Chu Wong
- Centre for Biodiversity Research, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, 31900 Kampar, Malaysia; Faculty of Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, 31900 Kampar, Malaysia.
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Yang J, Zhou T, Jiang Y, Yang B. Substrate specificity change of a flavonoid prenyltransferase AhPT1 induced by metal ion. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 153:264-275. [PMID: 32142844 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Prenylated flavonoids are good drug candidates due to multiple biological activities and health benefits. Prenyltransferase is an important enzyme involved in the biosynthesis of prenylated flavonoids. In this work, a flavonoid prenyltransferase (AhPT1) from Artocarpus heterophyllus showed an unexpectedly metal ion-induced specificity to flavonoid substrates. AhPT1 could catalyse 6-C-prenylation of genistein when Mg2+ serving as cofactor. Its catalytic activity to 6-hydroxyflavone was undetectable. However, when Mn2+ was used instead of Mg2+, 5-C-prenylated 6-hydroxyflavone was generated with a high conversion rate. Mn2+ altered the regiospecificity of AhPT1 and turned it into a 5-C-prenyltransferase. 2'-Hydroxyl could improve the conversion rate of 6-hydroxyflavone, whereas 3'- or 4'-hydroxyl impaired the catalysis efficiency of AhPT1. NQIFDADID174 and DLTDVEGD305 were active motifs involved in substrate binding and catalysis. Asn166, Asp170, Asp174, Asp298, Asp301 and Asp305 in the active center were critical to the prenylation reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiali Yang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, Key Laboratory of Post-Harvest Handling of Fruits, Ministry of Agriculture, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ting Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, Key Laboratory of Post-Harvest Handling of Fruits, Ministry of Agriculture, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yueming Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, Key Laboratory of Post-Harvest Handling of Fruits, Ministry of Agriculture, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China; Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Bao Yang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, Key Laboratory of Post-Harvest Handling of Fruits, Ministry of Agriculture, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China; Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China.
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Fu YH, Guo JM, Xie YT, Yu XM, Su QT, Qiang L, Kong LY, Liu YP. Prenylated Chromones from the Fruits of Artocarpus heterophyllus and Their Potential Anti-HIV-1 Activities. J Agric Food Chem 2020; 68:2024-2030. [PMID: 32037814 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b06417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Artocarpus heterophyllus (jack tree) is an evergreen fruit tree belonging to the genus Artocarpus (Moraceae), which is widely distributed in subtropical and tropical regions of Asia. Its fruits (jackfruit), well-known as the world's largest tree-borne fruit, are being consumed in our daily diets as a very popular tropical fruit throughout the world and have been confirmed to hold various health benefits. In this study, five new prenylated chromones, artocarheterones A-E (1-5), as well as seven known prenylated chromones (6-12) were purified and isolated from the ripe fruits of A. heterophyllus (jackfruit). Their chemical structures were determined through comprehensive spectroscopic methods. This is the first report on prenylated chromones isolated from A. heterophyllus. The anti-HIV-1 effects of all isolated chromones were assessed in vitro. As a result, prenylated chromones (1-12) showed remarkable anti-HIV-1 effects with EC50 values ranging from 0.09 to 9.72 μM. These research results indicate that the isolation and characterization of these prenylated chromones with remarkable anti-HIV-1 activities from the ripe fruits of A. heterophyllus could be significant to the discovery and development of new anti-HIV-1 drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Hui Fu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Medicinal Resource Chemistry of Ministry of Education , Hainan Normal University , Haikou 571158 , P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines , China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing 210009 , P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Medicinal Plant Chemistry of Hainan Province , Hainan Normal University , Haikou 571158 , P. R. China
| | - Jia-Ming Guo
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Medicinal Resource Chemistry of Ministry of Education , Hainan Normal University , Haikou 571158 , P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Medicinal Plant Chemistry of Hainan Province , Hainan Normal University , Haikou 571158 , P. R. China
| | - Yu-Tong Xie
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Medicinal Resource Chemistry of Ministry of Education , Hainan Normal University , Haikou 571158 , P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Medicinal Plant Chemistry of Hainan Province , Hainan Normal University , Haikou 571158 , P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Mei Yu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Medicinal Resource Chemistry of Ministry of Education , Hainan Normal University , Haikou 571158 , P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Medicinal Plant Chemistry of Hainan Province , Hainan Normal University , Haikou 571158 , P. R. China
| | - Qin-Ting Su
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Medicinal Resource Chemistry of Ministry of Education , Hainan Normal University , Haikou 571158 , P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Medicinal Plant Chemistry of Hainan Province , Hainan Normal University , Haikou 571158 , P. R. China
| | - Lei Qiang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines , China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing 210009 , P. R. China
| | - Ling-Yi Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines , China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing 210009 , P. R. China
| | - Yan-Ping Liu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Medicinal Resource Chemistry of Ministry of Education , Hainan Normal University , Haikou 571158 , P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines , China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing 210009 , P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Medicinal Plant Chemistry of Hainan Province , Hainan Normal University , Haikou 571158 , P. R. China
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Wiater A, Paduch R, Trojnar S, Choma A, Pleszczyńska M, Adamczyk P, Pięt M, Próchniak K, Szczodrak J, Strawa J, Tomczyk M. The Effect of Water-Soluble Polysaccharide from Jackfruit ( Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam.) on Human Colon Carcinoma Cells Cultured In Vitro. Plants (Basel) 2020; 9:plants9010103. [PMID: 31947694 PMCID: PMC7020216 DOI: 10.3390/plants9010103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Revised: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Various phytochemical studies have revealed that jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam.) is rich in bioactive compounds, including carotenoids, flavonoids, volatile acids, tannins, and lectins. The aim of the study was to analyze the biological activity of water-soluble polysaccharide (WSP) isolated from jackfruit and to assess its immunomodulatory, cytotoxic, and anti-oxidative effects on human colon carcinoma cells in vitro. The neutral red (NR) uptake assay revealed no toxic influence of the polymer on the viability of tumor cells (HT29 and SW620). After 24 h and 48 h of incubation, the cellular viability was not lower than 94%. The metabolic activity of the cells (MTT) at the compound concentration of 250 µg/mL was higher than 92% in comparison to the control. WSP (250 µg/mL) exerted no significant effect on the morphology of the cells was determined by May-Grünwald-Giemsa staining. WSP changed nitric oxide (NOx) production by the tumor cells depending on the time of incubation and prior 2-h stimulation of the cells with E. coli 0111:B4 LPS. It significantly stimulated IL-1β production by the tumor cells. The IL-6 level increased but that of IL-10 decreased by a WSP concentration-dependent manner. No such effect was detected in SW620. The WSP had antioxidant properties. In conclusion, water-soluble polysaccharide isolated from A. heterophyllus exhibits significant biological activity towards many types of both normal and cancerous cells. Therefore, it may be considered as a useful agent in the protection of human health or in functional and dietary nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Wiater
- Department of Industrial and Environmental Microbiology, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, ul. Akademicka 19, 20-033 Lublin, Poland; (A.W.); (M.P.); (P.A.); (K.P.); (J.S.)
| | - Roman Paduch
- Department of Virology and Immunology, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, ul. Akademicka 19, 20-033 Lublin, Poland; (S.T.); (M.P.)
- Department of General Ophthalmology, Medical University, ul. Chmielna 1, 20-079 Lublin, Poland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-81-537-5944
| | - Sylwia Trojnar
- Department of Virology and Immunology, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, ul. Akademicka 19, 20-033 Lublin, Poland; (S.T.); (M.P.)
| | - Adam Choma
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, ul. Akademicka 19, 20-033 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Małgorzata Pleszczyńska
- Department of Industrial and Environmental Microbiology, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, ul. Akademicka 19, 20-033 Lublin, Poland; (A.W.); (M.P.); (P.A.); (K.P.); (J.S.)
| | - Paulina Adamczyk
- Department of Industrial and Environmental Microbiology, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, ul. Akademicka 19, 20-033 Lublin, Poland; (A.W.); (M.P.); (P.A.); (K.P.); (J.S.)
| | - Mateusz Pięt
- Department of Virology and Immunology, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, ul. Akademicka 19, 20-033 Lublin, Poland; (S.T.); (M.P.)
| | - Katarzyna Próchniak
- Department of Industrial and Environmental Microbiology, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, ul. Akademicka 19, 20-033 Lublin, Poland; (A.W.); (M.P.); (P.A.); (K.P.); (J.S.)
| | - Janusz Szczodrak
- Department of Industrial and Environmental Microbiology, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, ul. Akademicka 19, 20-033 Lublin, Poland; (A.W.); (M.P.); (P.A.); (K.P.); (J.S.)
| | - Jakub Strawa
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Białystok, ul. Mickiewicza 2a, 15-230 Białystok, Poland; (J.S.); (M.T.)
| | - Michał Tomczyk
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Białystok, ul. Mickiewicza 2a, 15-230 Białystok, Poland; (J.S.); (M.T.)
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20
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Ye JB, Ren G, Li WY, Zhong GY, Zhang M, Yuan JB, Lu T. Characterization and Identification of Prenylated Flavonoids from Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam. Roots by Quadrupole Time-Of-Flight and Linear Trap Quadrupole Orbitrap Mass Spectrometry. Molecules 2019; 24:E4591. [PMID: 31847475 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24244591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 12/07/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, a combination of quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (Q-TOF-MS) and linear trap quadrupole orbitrap mass spectrometry (LTQ-Orbitrap-MS) was performed to investigate the fragmentation behaviors of prenylated flavonoids (PFs) from Artocarpus plants. Fifteen PFs were selected as the model molecules and divided into five types (groups A–E) according to their structural characteristics in terms of the position and existing form of prenyl substitution in the flavone skeleton. The LTQ-Orbitrap-MSn spectra of the [M − H]− ions for these compounds provided a wealth of structural information on the five different types of compounds. The main fragmentation pathways of group A were the ortho effect and retro Diels–Alder (RDA), and common losses of C4H10, CO, and CO2. The compounds in group B easily lose C6H12, forming a stable structure of a 1,4-dienyl group, unlike those in group A. The fragmentation pathway for group C is characterized by obvious 1,4A−, 1,4B− cracking of the C ring. The diagnostic fragmentation for group D is obvious RDA cracking of the C ring and the successive loss of CH3 and H2O in the LTQ-Orbitrap-MSn spectra. Fragmentation with successive loss of CO or CO2, ·CH3, and CH4 in the LTQ-Orbitrap-MSn spectra formed the characteristics of group E. The summarized fragmentation rules were successfully exploited to identify PFs from Artocarpusheterophyllus, a well-known Artocarpus plant, which led to the identification of a total of 47 PFs in this plant.
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21
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Dwitiyanti D, Rachmania RA, Efendi K, Septiani R, Jihadudin P. In Vivo Activities and In Silico Study of Jackfruit Seeds ( Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam.) on the Reduction of Blood Sugar Levels of Gestational Diabetes Rate Induced by Streptozotocin. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2019; 7:3819-3826. [PMID: 32127984 PMCID: PMC7048328 DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2019.512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Revised: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Jackfruit Seeds (Artocarpus heterophyllus L.) are plants that are thought to be able to reduce blood sugar levels. AIM: The purpose of this study was to prove the activity of jackfruit seeds in reducing blood glucose levels in gestational diabetic rats induced by streptozotocin and in silico study virtual screening through molecular docking to find out the compounds in jackfruit seeds that have interaction with sulfonylurea receptors. METHODS: The animals used in this study were Sprague Dawley strain pregnant female rats which were divided into six groups, namely the normal control group, negative control, positive control, various dose groups (100 mg/kg BW, 200 mg/kg BW, 400 mg/kg BW). After the rat was pregnant, the rats were induced first with streptozotocin so that the rats had hyperglycemia. Blood glucose levels were measured on the 14th day after treatment. The data obtained were statistically tested by one-way ANOVA test followed by the HSD Tukey test. Virtual screening was done using PLANTS 1.2 software. RESULTS: The results showed that all groups of ethanol extract 70% of jackfruit seeds could reduce blood glucose levels. The biggest decrease in blood glucose levels occurred at dose 3 with a dose of 400 mg/kg BW which was 61.73%, comparable to positive control glibenclamide. The results of virtual screening with molecular docking showed that betacarotene epoxide compounds have better affinity than glibenclamide as a comparative compound. CONCLUSION: It can be concluded that jackfruit seeds beta-carotene epoxide has the potential to reduce blood sugar levels by inducing insulin secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dwitiyanti Dwitiyanti
- Faculty Pharmacy and Science, Muhammadiyah Prof. Dr. Hamka University (UHAMKA), Islamic Center, Jl. Delima II/IV Perumnas Klender, East Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Rizky Arcinthya Rachmania
- Faculty Pharmacy and Science, Muhammadiyah Prof. Dr. Hamka University (UHAMKA), Islamic Center, Jl. Delima II/IV Perumnas Klender, East Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Kriana Efendi
- Faculty Pharmacy and Science, Muhammadiyah Prof. Dr. Hamka University (UHAMKA), Islamic Center, Jl. Delima II/IV Perumnas Klender, East Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Riri Septiani
- Faculty Pharmacy and Science, Muhammadiyah Prof. Dr. Hamka University (UHAMKA), Islamic Center, Jl. Delima II/IV Perumnas Klender, East Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Pahlevi Jihadudin
- Faculty Pharmacy and Science, Muhammadiyah Prof. Dr. Hamka University (UHAMKA), Islamic Center, Jl. Delima II/IV Perumnas Klender, East Jakarta, Indonesia
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22
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Abstract
A phytochemical study on the fruits of Artocarpus heterophyllus caused the isolation of a previously undescribed steroid, artoheterophoid (1), together with seven known analogues (2 - 8). The chemical structure of 1 was elucidated on the basis of comprehensive spectroscopic methods and the known compounds (2 - 8) were identified by comparing their spectroscopic data with those reported in the literatures. All known compounds (2-8) were separated from A. heterophyllus for the first time. All isolated compounds (1-8) were assessed for their anti-inflammatory activities in vitro by measuring the inhibitory effect against nitric oxide (NO) production induced by lipopolysaccharide in mouse macrophage RAW 264.7 cells. Compounds 1-8 displayed remarkable inhibitory effects against NO production with the IC50 values in the range of 0.72 ± 0.07 to 5.93 ± 0.12 μM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Yao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Ting Wang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Medicinal Resource Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Hainan Normal University, Haikou, P. R. China.,Engineering Research Center for Industrialization of Southern Medicinal Plants Resources of Hainan Province, Hainan Normal University, Haikou, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Southern Medicinal Plants Resources of Haikou City, Hainan Normal University, Haikou, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Tropical Medicinal Plant Chemistry of Hainan Province, Hainan Normal University, Haikou, P. R. China
| | - Rong-Xiang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Medicinal Resource Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Hainan Normal University, Haikou, P. R. China.,Engineering Research Center for Industrialization of Southern Medicinal Plants Resources of Hainan Province, Hainan Normal University, Haikou, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Southern Medicinal Plants Resources of Haikou City, Hainan Normal University, Haikou, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Tropical Medicinal Plant Chemistry of Hainan Province, Hainan Normal University, Haikou, P. R. China
| | - Hao-Xuan Tang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Medicinal Resource Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Hainan Normal University, Haikou, P. R. China.,Engineering Research Center for Industrialization of Southern Medicinal Plants Resources of Hainan Province, Hainan Normal University, Haikou, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Southern Medicinal Plants Resources of Haikou City, Hainan Normal University, Haikou, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Tropical Medicinal Plant Chemistry of Hainan Province, Hainan Normal University, Haikou, P. R. China
| | - Lei Qiang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Yan-Ping Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Tropical Medicinal Resource Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Hainan Normal University, Haikou, P. R. China.,Engineering Research Center for Industrialization of Southern Medicinal Plants Resources of Hainan Province, Hainan Normal University, Haikou, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Southern Medicinal Plants Resources of Haikou City, Hainan Normal University, Haikou, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Tropical Medicinal Plant Chemistry of Hainan Province, Hainan Normal University, Haikou, P. R. China
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23
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Abstract
The Artocarpus heterophyllus, native to Western Ghats of India, Malaysia and south-eastern Asia, is a tree member of the mulberry family (Moraceae). Chloroplast genome sequences play a significant role in the development of molecular markers in plant phylogenetic and population genetic studies. In this study, we report the complete chloroplast genome sequence of A. heterophyllus for the first time. The chloroplast genome is 160,387 bp long and includes 113 genes. Its LSC, SSC and IR regions are 88,422, 18,869 and 26,548 bp long, respectively. Phylogenetic tree analysis exhibited that A. heterophyllus was clustered with other Moraceae species with high bootstrap values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Liu
- Yunnan Institute of Tropical Crops, Xishuangbanna, China
| | - Ying-Feng Niu
- Yunnan Institute of Tropical Crops, Xishuangbanna, China.,Yunnan Branch of Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Mecidal Science, Xishuangbanna, China
| | - Shu-Bang Ni
- Yunnan Institute of Tropical Crops, Xishuangbanna, China
| | - Zi-Yan Liu
- Yunnan Institute of Tropical Crops, Xishuangbanna, China
| | - Cheng Zheng
- Yunnan Institute of Tropical Crops, Xishuangbanna, China
| | - Chao Shi
- Yunnan Institute of Tropical Crops, Xishuangbanna, China.,Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
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24
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Wen L, Zhao Y, Jiang Y, Yu L, Zeng X, Yang J, Tian M, Liu H, Yang B. Identification of a flavonoid C-glycoside as potent antioxidant. Free Radic Biol Med 2017; 110:92-101. [PMID: 28587909 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2017.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Revised: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Flavonoids have been documented to have good antioxidant activities in vitro. However, reports on the cellular antioxidant activities of flavonoid C-glycosides are very limited. In this work, an apigenin C-glycoside was purified from Artocarpus heterophyllus by column chromatography and was identified to be 2″-O-β-D-xylosylvitexin by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The cellular antioxidant activity and anticancer activity of 2″-O-β-D-xylosylvitexin were evaluated for the first time. The quantitative structure-activity relationship was analysed by molecular modeling. Apigenin presented an unexpected cellular antioxidation behaviour. It had an antioxidant activity at low concentration and a prooxidant activity at high concentration, whereas 2″-O-β-D-xylosylvitexin showed a dose-dependent cellular antioxidant activity. It indicated that C-glycosidation improved the cellular antioxidation performance of apigenin and eliminated the prooxidant effect. The ortho-dihydroxyl at C-3'/C-4' and C-3 hydroxyl in the flavonoid skeleton play important roles in the antioxidation behaviour. The cell proliferation assay revealed a low cytotoxicity of 2″-O-β-D-xylosylvitexin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingrong Wen
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Yupeng Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China; College of Light Industry and Food Sciences, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China
| | - Yueming Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Limei Yu
- College of Light Industry and Food Sciences, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China
| | - Xiaofang Zeng
- College of Light Industry and Food Sciences, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China
| | - Jiali Yang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Miaomiao Tian
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Huiling Liu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Bao Yang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China.
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25
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Sun G, Zheng Z, Lee MH, Xu Y, Kang S, Dong Z, Wang M, Gu Z, Li H, Chen W. Chemoprevention of Colorectal Cancer by Artocarpin, a Dietary Phytochemical from Artocarpus heterophyllus. J Agric Food Chem 2017; 65:3474-3480. [PMID: 28391699 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b00278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Artocarpus heterophyllus is an evergreen tree distributed in tropical regions, and its fruit (jackfruit) is well-known as the world's largest tree-borne fruit. Although A. heterophyllus has been widely used in folk medicines against inflammation, its potential in cancer chemoprevention remains unclear. Herein we identified artocarpin from A. heterophyllus as a promising colorectal cancer chemopreventive agent by targeting Akt kinase. Phenotypically, artocarpin exhibited selective cytotoxicity against human colon cancer cells. Artocarpin impaired the anchorage-independent growth capability, suppressed colon cancer cell growth, and induced a G1 phase cell cycle arrest which was followed by apoptotic as well as autophagic cell death. Mechanistic studies revealed that artocarpin directly targeted Akt 1 and 2 kinase activity evidenced by in vitro kinase assay, ex vivo binding assay as well as Akt downstream cellular signal transduction. Importantly, oral administration of artocarpin attenuated colitis-associated colorectal tumorigenesis in mice. Taken together, artocarpin, a bioactive component of A. heterophyllus, might merit investigation as a potential colorectal cancer chemopreventive agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guochuan Sun
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University , Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Zongping Zheng
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University , Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Mee-Hyun Lee
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota , Austin 55912, United States
| | - Yijuan Xu
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University , Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Soouk Kang
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota , Austin 55912, United States
| | - Zigang Dong
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota , Austin 55912, United States
| | - Mingfu Wang
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong, China
| | - Zhennan Gu
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University , Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Haitao Li
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University , Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Wei Chen
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University , Wuxi 214122, China
- Beijing Innovation Centre of Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology & Business University , Beijing 100048, China
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26
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Yuan WJ, Yuan JB, Peng JB, Ding YQ, Zhu JX, Ren G. Flavonoids from the roots of Artocarpus heterophyllus. Fitoterapia 2017; 117:133-137. [PMID: 28163073 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2017.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2016] [Revised: 01/21/2017] [Accepted: 01/29/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Four new flavonoids, artoheteroids A-D (1-4), together with six known ones (5-10), were isolated from the roots of Artocarpus heterophyllus. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods, including 1D and 2D NMR, UV, IR, CD, and HR-ESI-MS. All isolated compounds were screened for their inhibitory abilities against cathepsin K (CatK). Among them, compounds 1-2, 4-6, and 10 were found to have suppression capabilities against CatK with IC50 values ranging from 1.4 to 93.9μM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Jun Yuan
- Research Center of Natural Resources of Chinese Medicinal Materials and Ethnic Medicine, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China
| | - Jin-Bin Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of TCM, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China
| | - Jia-Bing Peng
- the People's Hospital of Yingshang, Yingshang 236200, China
| | - Yuan-Qing Ding
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, MS 38677, USA
| | - Ji-Xiao Zhu
- Research Center of Natural Resources of Chinese Medicinal Materials and Ethnic Medicine, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China
| | - Gang Ren
- Research Center of Natural Resources of Chinese Medicinal Materials and Ethnic Medicine, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China; National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, MS 38677, USA.
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27
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Ajiboye BO, Ojo OA, Adeyonu O, Imiere OD, Fadaka AO, Osukoya AO. Ameliorative Activity of Ethanol Extract of Artocarpus heterophyllus Stem Bark on Pancreatic β-Cell Dysfunction in Alloxan-Induced Diabetic Rats. J Evid Based Complementary Altern Med 2016; 22:538-543. [PMID: 29279019 PMCID: PMC5871257 DOI: 10.1177/2156587216685510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
This study sought to investigate the ameliorative effects of ethanol extract Artocarpus heterophyllus (EAH) in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. The rats were divided into 6 groups, with groups 1 and 2 serving as nondiabetic and diabetic control, respectively; group 3 serving as diabetic rats treated with 5 mg/kg glibenclamide; and groups 4 to 6 were diabetic rats treated with 50, 100, and 150 mg/kg of EAH, respectively. Assays determined were serum insulin, lipid peroxidation, and antioxidant enzyme activities. EAH stem bark reduced fasting blood glucose and lipid peroxidation levels and increased serum insulin levels and activities of antioxidant enzymes. Data obtained demonstrated the ability of EAH stem bark to ameliorate pancreatic β-cell dysfunction in alloxan-induced diabetic rats.
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28
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Liu Y, Cecílio NT, Carvalho FC, Roque-Barreira MC, Feizi T. Glycan microarray analysis of the carbohydrate-recognition specificity of native and recombinant forms of the lectin ArtinM. Data Brief 2015; 5:1035-47. [PMID: 26793748 PMCID: PMC4689119 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2015.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2015] [Revised: 11/06/2015] [Accepted: 11/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
This article contains data related to the researc.h article entitled “Yeast-derived ArtinM shares structure, carbohydrate recognition, and biological effects with native ArtinM” by Cecílio et al. (2015) [1]. ArtinM, a D-mannose-binding lectin isolated from the seeds of Artocarpus heterophyllus, exerts immunomodulatory and regenerative activities through its Carbohydrate Recognition Domain (CRD) (Souza et al., 2013; Mariano et al., 2014 [2], [3]). The limited availability of the native lectin (n-ArtinM) led us to characterize a recombinant form of the protein, obtained by expression in Saccharomyces cerevisiae (y-ArtinM). We compared the carbohydrate-binding specificities of y-ArtinM and n-ArtinM by analyzing the binding of biotinylated preparations of the two lectin forms using a neoglycolipid (NGL)-based glycan microarray. Data showed that y-ArtinM mirrored the specificity exhibited by n-ArtinM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Liu
- Glycosciences Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - N T Cecílio
- Departamento de Biologia Celular e Molecular e Bioagentes Patogênicos, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil
| | - F C Carvalho
- Departamento de Biologia Celular e Molecular e Bioagentes Patogênicos, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil
| | - M C Roque-Barreira
- Departamento de Biologia Celular e Molecular e Bioagentes Patogênicos, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil
| | - T Feizi
- Glycosciences Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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29
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Sharma A, Gupta P, Verma AK. Preliminary nutritional and biological potential of Artocarpus heterophyllus L. shell powder. J Food Sci Technol 2015; 52:1339-49. [PMID: 25745202 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-013-1130-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 07/25/2013] [Accepted: 07/30/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Artocarpus heterophyllus shell powder was investigated in terms of its nutritional and biological potential. A thorough examination of shell powder demonstrated its potential as a source of minerals, β carotene and dietary fiber, which were assessed gravimetrically & spectrophotometrically. This showed 3.05 ± 0.19 g 100 g(-1) DW of alkaloids followed by saponins and tannins. Three different extracts; acetone, methanol, & mix solvent were used to evaluate phenolic & flavonoid content, antioxidant & antimicrobial activity, GC/MS screening and quantitative analysis of polyphenols. Among all, the methanol extract showed highest antioxidant activity evaluated by DPPH, FRAP & ABTS assays and was significantly correlated with phenolic and flavonoid contents. Phenolic & flavonoid content was found to be 158 ± 0.34 mg (GAE) and 10.0 ± 0.64 mg (CE) respectively. The results of antimicrobial activity showed that L. monocytogenes was more susceptible to all extracts followed by other microorganisms. Catechin, ascorbic & chlorogenic acids were identified as major polyphenols analyzed by LC-MS/MS. GC/MS analysis showed that it contains a variety of compounds with different therapeutic activities. The study revealed that A. heterophyllus shell is a good source of natural antioxidants & other bioactive compounds and can be used in cosmetics, medicines and functional food application.
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30
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Witherup C, Ragone D, Wiesner-Hanks T, Irish B, Scheffler B, Simpson S, Zee F, Zuberi MI, Zerega NJC. Development of microsatellite loci in Artocarpus altilis (Moraceae) and cross-amplification in congeneric species. Appl Plant Sci 2013; 1:apps1200423. [PMID: 25202565 PMCID: PMC4103128 DOI: 10.3732/apps.1200423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2012] [Accepted: 12/16/2012] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE OF THE STUDY Microsatellite loci were isolated and characterized from enriched genomic libraries of Artocarpus altilis (breadfruit) and tested in four Artocarpus species and one hybrid. The microsatellite markers provide new tools for further studies in Artocarpus. • METHODS AND RESULTS A total of 25 microsatellite loci were evaluated across four Artocarpus species and one hybrid. Twenty-one microsatellite loci were evaluated on A. altilis (241), A. camansi (34), A. mariannensis (15), and A. altilis × mariannensis (64) samples. Nine of those loci plus four additional loci were evaluated on A. heterophyllus (jackfruit, 426) samples. All loci are polymorphic for at least one species. The average number of alleles ranges from two to nine within taxa. • CONCLUSIONS These microsatellite primers will facilitate further studies on the genetic structure and evolutionary and domestication history of Artocarpus species. They will aid in cultivar identification and establishing germplasm conservation strategies for breadfruit and jackfruit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colby Witherup
- Department of Plant Science, Chicago Botanic Garden, Glencoe, Illinois 60022 USA
- Plant Biology and Conservation, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208 USA
| | - Diane Ragone
- Breadfruit Institute, National Tropical Botanical Garden, Kalaheo, Hawaii 96741 USA
| | - Tyr Wiesner-Hanks
- Plant Biology and Conservation, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208 USA
| | - Brian Irish
- USDA Tropical Agriculture Research Station, Mayagüez, Puerto Rico 00680
| | - Brian Scheffler
- USDA, ARS, Genomics and Bioinformatics Research Unit, Stoneville, Mississippi 38776-0350 USA
| | - Sheron Simpson
- USDA, ARS, Genomics and Bioinformatics Research Unit, Stoneville, Mississippi 38776-0350 USA
| | - Francis Zee
- USDA Tropical Plant Genetic Resources and Disease Research, Pacific Basin Agricultural Research Center (PBARC), Hilo, Hawaii 96720 USA
| | | | - Nyree J. C. Zerega
- Department of Plant Science, Chicago Botanic Garden, Glencoe, Illinois 60022 USA
- Plant Biology and Conservation, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208 USA
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Sabale V, Patel V, Paranjape A. Isolation and characterization of jackfruit mucilage and its comparative evaluation as a mucoadhesive and controlled release component in buccal tablets. Int J Pharm Investig 2012; 2:61-9. [PMID: 23119234 PMCID: PMC3482767 DOI: 10.4103/2230-973x.100039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of the present research work was to extract jackfruit mucilage, use it as a mucoadhesive agent, and to develop extended release buccoadhesive tablets with an intention to avoid hepatic first-pass metabolism, by enhancing residence time in the buccal cavity. MATERIALS AND METHODS The mucilage was isolated from the jackfruit pulp by the aqueous extraction method and characterized for various physiochemical parameters as well as for its adhesive properties. Three batches of tablets were prepared (wet granulation method) and evaluated containing three mucoadhesive components: Methocel K4M, Carbopol 974P, and isolated jackfruit mucilage using chlorpheniramine maleate (CPM) as a model drug and changing the proportion of the mucoadhesive component (1:2:3), resulting in nine different formulations. RESULTS The results of the study indicate that the isolated mucilage had good physicochemical and morphological characteristics, granules and tablets conformed to the Pharmacopoeial specifications, and in vitro release studies showed the sustained action of drug with increasing concentration of the isolated natural mucoadhesive agent in the formulations. Permeability studies indicated that changing the mucoadhesive component, permeability behavior was not statistically different (P > 0.05). FTIR and UV spectroscopy studies between mucilage and CPM suggested the absence of a chemical interaction between CPM and jackfruit mucilage. CONCLUSION The developed mucoadhesive tablets for buccal administration containing natural mucilage (MF3) have a potential for the sustained action of drug release. Thus, mucoadhesive tablets for controlled release were successfully developed using natural jackfruit mucilage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vidya Sabale
- Baroda College of Pharmacy, At and P. O. Limda, Ta. Waghodia, India
| | - Vandana Patel
- Babaria Institute of Pharmacy, Vadodara - Mumbai NH #8, Varnama, Vadodara, Gujarat, India
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Chackrewarthy S, Thabrew MI, Weerasuriya MKB, Jayasekera S. Evaluation of the hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects of an ethylacetate fraction of Artocarpus heterophyllus (jak) leaves in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Pharmacogn Mag 2011; 6:186-90. [PMID: 20931077 PMCID: PMC2950380 DOI: 10.4103/0973-1296.66933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2010] [Revised: 04/07/2010] [Accepted: 07/30/2010] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Aqueous extracts of mature leaves of Artocarpus heterophyllus (jak) are used by traditional medical practitioners in Sri Lanka and India for the treatment of diabetes. This study was conducted to investigate the hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects of an ethylacetate (EA) fraction of the mature leaves of A. heterophyllus in a streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetic rat model. In normoglycemic rats, administration of a single dose (20 mg/kg) of the EA fraction resulted in a significant (P < 0.05) reduction in the fasting blood glucose concentration and a significant improvement in glucose tolerance (P < 0.05), compared to the controls. In STZ-induced diabetic rats, chronic administration of the EA fraction of A. heterophyllus leaves daily for 5 weeks resulted in a significant lowering of serum glucose, cholesterol and triglyceride (TG) levels. Compared to control diabetic rats, the extract-treated rats had 39% less serum glucose, 23% lower serum total cholesterol and 40% lower serum TG levels and 11% higher body weight at the end of the fifth week. The percentage reductions in the serum parameters mediated by the test fraction were comparable with those produced by glibenclamide (0.6 mg/kg), the reference drug used in this study. It can be concluded that the EA fraction of A. heterophyllus leaves contains one or more hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic principles which have the potential to be developed further for the treatment of diabetes specifically associated with a hyperlipidemic state.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Chackrewarthy
- Department of Biochemistry and Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Kelaniya, PO Box 6, Thalagolla Road, Ragama, Sri Lanka
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