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García-Jiménez JR, Luna-Guevara ML, Luna-Guevara JJ, Conde-Hernández LA, Ramos-Cassellis ME, Hernández-Cocoletzi H. Microencapsulation of Tecoma stans Extracts: Bioactive Properties Preservation and Physical Characterization Analysis. Foods 2024; 13:1001. [PMID: 38611307 PMCID: PMC11011495 DOI: 10.3390/foods13071001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Bioactive compounds from medicinal plants have applications in the development of functional foods. However, since they are unstable, encapsulation is used as a conservation alternative. This work aimed to assess the bioactive properties (antioxidant and hypoglycemic) of different extracts, including the infusion, as well as their spray-dried microencapsulates from Tecoma stans leaves. A factorial design was proposed to determine the best extraction conditions, based on ABTS and DPPH inhibition. Maltodextrin (MD), arabic gum (AG), and a 1:1 blend (MD:AG) were used as encapsulating agents. Moreover, characterization through physicochemical properties, gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of the best two powders based on the bioactive properties were analyzed. The results showed that the combination of stirring, water, and 5 min provided the highest inhibition to ABTS and DPPH (35.64 ± 1.25 mg Trolox/g d.s. and 2.77 ± 0.01 g Trolox/g d.s., respectively). Spray drying decreased the antioxidant activity of the extract while preserving it in the infusion. The encapsulated infusion with MD:AG had the highest hypoglycemic activity as it presented the lowest glycemic index (GI = 47). According to the results, the microencapsulates could potentially be added in foods to enhance nutritional quality and prevent/treat ailments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jair R. García-Jiménez
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Meritorious Autonomous University of Puebla, Av San Claudio and 18 Sur, Ciudad Universitaria, Puebla 72570, Mexico; (J.R.G.-J.); (L.A.C.-H.); (M.E.R.-C.); (H.H.-C.)
| | - María L. Luna-Guevara
- Posgraduate in Science in Sustainable Agroecosystem Management, Edificio VAL 1, Ecocampus Valsequillo, San Pedro Zacachimalpa, Puebla 72960, Mexico
| | - Juan J. Luna-Guevara
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Meritorious Autonomous University of Puebla, Av San Claudio and 18 Sur, Ciudad Universitaria, Puebla 72570, Mexico; (J.R.G.-J.); (L.A.C.-H.); (M.E.R.-C.); (H.H.-C.)
| | - Lilia A. Conde-Hernández
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Meritorious Autonomous University of Puebla, Av San Claudio and 18 Sur, Ciudad Universitaria, Puebla 72570, Mexico; (J.R.G.-J.); (L.A.C.-H.); (M.E.R.-C.); (H.H.-C.)
| | - María E. Ramos-Cassellis
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Meritorious Autonomous University of Puebla, Av San Claudio and 18 Sur, Ciudad Universitaria, Puebla 72570, Mexico; (J.R.G.-J.); (L.A.C.-H.); (M.E.R.-C.); (H.H.-C.)
| | - Heriberto Hernández-Cocoletzi
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Meritorious Autonomous University of Puebla, Av San Claudio and 18 Sur, Ciudad Universitaria, Puebla 72570, Mexico; (J.R.G.-J.); (L.A.C.-H.); (M.E.R.-C.); (H.H.-C.)
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Teng Y, Zhang XR, Li XL, Gao J, Ni L, Zhan GQ. Two new sesquiterpenoid glycoside compounds from the calyces of Physalis alkekengi L. var. franchetii (Mast. ) Makino. J Asian Nat Prod Res 2024:1-8. [PMID: 38515328 DOI: 10.1080/10286020.2024.2323202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Two new sesquiterpenoid glycosides, 8α (H)-eudesmane-1,3,11 (13)-triene-2-one -12-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (1) and dmetelisproside B (2), together with ten known compounds (3-12) were isolated from calyces of Physalis alkekengi L. var. franchetii (Mast.) Makino (PAF). Their structures were unambiguously elucidated through HR-ESI-MS, UV, IR, and NMR spectral data. Compounds 1, 10, and 12 exhibited DPPH scavenging ability with IC50 values of 33.69 ± 6.65, 6.29 ± 0.06, and 25.66 ± 3.06 μM, respectively. Additionally, 10 and 12 demonstrated weak α-glucosidase inhibition activity with IC50 values of 250.9 ± 6.60 and 347.6 ± 2.48 μM, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Teng
- College of Pharmacy, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi 154007, China
| | | | - Xiao-Lei Li
- College of Pharmacy, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi 154007, China
| | - Jia Gao
- College of Pharmacy, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi 154007, China
| | - Lei Ni
- College of Pharmacy, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi 154007, China
| | - Guan-Qun Zhan
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
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Song W, Xing R, Yang H, Liu S, Yu H, Li P. Therapeutic potential of enzymatically extracted eumelanin from squid ink in type 2 diabetes mellitus ICR mice: Multifaceted intervention against hyperglycemia, oxidative stress and depression. J Sci Food Agric 2024; 104:993-1007. [PMID: 37715565 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.12986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a prevalent metabolic disease that poses significant health risks due to its numerous complications. However, the effects of eumelanin on oxidative stress, hyperglycemia and depression in diabetic mice have not been extensively studied. RESULTS Our study employed an enzymatic approach to extract eumelanin from squid ink and characterized it using spectroscopic techniques. Remarkably, eumelanin extracted with alkaline-neutral-flavor protease (ANF) displayed superior inhibitory activity against α-glucosidase and α-amylase, while enhancing glucose utilization and hepatic glycogen synthesis in human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line (HepG2) insulin resistance model. Further evaluation of ANF in a T2DM ICR mouse model demonstrated its significant potential in alleviating hyperglycemia, reducing glycosylated serum protein levels, improving glucose tolerance and modulating total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein levels, as well as antioxidant indices at a dosage of 0.04 g kg-1 . Additionally, ANF exhibited positive effects on energy levels and reduced immobility time in antidepressant behavioral experiments. Moreover, ANF positively influenced the density and infiltration state of renal cells, while mitigating inflammatory enlargement and deformation of liver cells, without inducing any adverse effects in mice. CONCLUSION Overall, these findings underscore the significant therapeutic potential of ANF in the treatment of T2DM and its associated complications. By augmenting lipid and glucose metabolism, mitigating oxidative stress and alleviating depression, ANF emerges as a promising candidate for multifaceted intervention. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Song
- CAS and Shandong Province Key laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ronge Xing
- CAS and Shandong Province Key laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, China
| | - Haoyue Yang
- CAS and Shandong Province Key laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Song Liu
- CAS and Shandong Province Key laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, China
| | - Huahua Yu
- CAS and Shandong Province Key laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, China
| | - Pengcheng Li
- CAS and Shandong Province Key laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, China
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Wang J, Zhao C, Li P, Wang L, Li S. Structural Characteristics and Multiple Bioactivities of Volvariella volvacea Polysaccharide Extracts: The Role of Extractive Solvents. Foods 2023; 12:4357. [PMID: 38231875 DOI: 10.3390/foods12234357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
The chemical structures and functional properties of plant-based polysaccharides are critically influenced by extractive solvents, but their roles are not clear. In this study, the structural characteristics and multiple bioactivities of Volvariella volvacea polysaccharides (VVPs) subjected to water (VVP-W), alkalis (sodium hydroxide, VVP-A), and acids (citric acid, VVP-C) as extractive solvents are investigated systematically. Of the above three polysaccharides, VVP-W exhibited the highest molecular weights, apparent viscosity, and viscoelastic properties. Functional analyses revealed that VVP-C had an excellent water-holding capacity, foaming properties, and emulsifying capacity, while VVP-A exhibited a promising oil-holding capacity. Moreover, VVP-C displayed strong inhibitory effects on α-amylase and α-glucosidase, which could be attributed to its content of total phenolics, proteins, and molecular weights. These findings have important implications for selecting the appropriate extraction techniques to obtain functional polysaccharides with targeted bioactive properties as food additives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Wang
- School of Tourism and Cuisine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, China
| | - Changyu Zhao
- School of Tourism and Cuisine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, China
| | - Ping Li
- Key Laboratory of Functional Foods, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing, Sericultural & Agri-Food Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510610, China
| | - Lei Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Songnan Li
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture, Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education of China, Institutes of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
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Kuzmanović Nedeljković S, Radan M, Ćujić Nikolić N, Mutavski Z, Krgović N, Marković S, Stević T, Živković J, Šavikin K. Microencapsulated Bilberry and Chokeberry Leaf Extracts with Potential Health Benefits. Plants (Basel) 2023; 12:3979. [PMID: 38068615 PMCID: PMC10707773 DOI: 10.3390/plants12233979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
The aim of the research was to develop microencapsulated powders of bilberry and chokeberry extracts via the spray drying technique. Two biopolymers, pectin alone and in combination with HP-β-CD, were used to preserve the antioxidant, hypoglycemic, photoprotective, and antimicrobial bioactivity of the berry leaf extracts. Moreover, the formed powders were characterized in terms of technological, chemical, and several biological properties. The obtained micro-sized powders (mean average particle diameter from 3.83 to 5.94 µm) demonstrated a process yield of up to 73%. The added biopolymers improved the flowability and cohesive properties of the powders and increased their thermal stability to 170 °C. The total content of polyphenolics in the powders ranged from 323.35 to 367.76 mg GAE/g DW for bilberry and from 186.85 to 227.59 mg GAE/g DW for chokeberry powders; meanwhile, chlorogenic acid was the predominant compound in powders. All samples showed stronger α-glucosidase inhibitory activity (IC50 values ranged from 5.00 to 19.59 µg/mL) compared with the reference standard. The study confirmed that spray drying is a suitable method for the preservation of the polyphenolic-rich extracts, while the addition of carriers has a positive effect on the improvement of microencapsulated powders' properties.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Milica Radan
- Institute for Medicinal Plants Research Dr Josif Pančić, Tadeuša Košćuška 1, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Nada Ćujić Nikolić
- Institute for Medicinal Plants Research Dr Josif Pančić, Tadeuša Košćuška 1, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Zorana Mutavski
- Institute for Medicinal Plants Research Dr Josif Pančić, Tadeuša Košćuška 1, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Nemanja Krgović
- Institute for Medicinal Plants Research Dr Josif Pančić, Tadeuša Košćuška 1, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Smilja Marković
- Institute of Technical Sciences of SASA, Knez Mihailova 35/IV, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Tatjana Stević
- Institute for Medicinal Plants Research Dr Josif Pančić, Tadeuša Košćuška 1, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jelena Živković
- Institute for Medicinal Plants Research Dr Josif Pančić, Tadeuša Košćuška 1, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Katarina Šavikin
- Institute for Medicinal Plants Research Dr Josif Pančić, Tadeuša Košćuška 1, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
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Cai G, Dong H, Liu S, Wu W, Yang H. Comparative Evaluation of the Physiochemical Properties, and Antioxidant and Hypoglycemic Activities of Dendrobium officinale Leaves Processed Using Different Drying Techniques. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1911. [PMID: 38001764 PMCID: PMC10669270 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12111911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Dendrobium officinale leaves have the potential to be processed into natural antioxidants, functional foods, and food additives. To maximally maintain their quality, fresh D. officinale leaves were dehydrated using different drying methods, i.e., hot air drying (HD), microwave drying (MD), infrared drying (IRD), and freeze drying (FD), and then the physicochemical properties, microstructure, and biological activities of the dried samples were compared. The results showed that, with the FD method, the samples had a porous microstructure, maintained the highest phenolic content, and demonstrated the highest antioxidant and hypoglycemic activities. Among the three thermal drying methods, with the IRD method, the samples retained higher phenolic contents, showed stronger DPPH free-radical scavenging, ferric ion reducing, ferrous ion chelating, and α-glucosidase inhibitory abilities, and more strongly promoted glucose metabolism in insulin-resistant HL-7702 cells than the samples with the MD and HD methods. These results suggested that FD was the most suitable method. However, IRD might be a promising alternative, owing to the high cost and long time needed for FD for the large-scale drying of D. officinale leaves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gonglin Cai
- College of Life & Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China; (G.C.); (H.D.); (S.L.)
| | - Hangmeng Dong
- College of Life & Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China; (G.C.); (H.D.); (S.L.)
| | - Shoulong Liu
- College of Life & Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China; (G.C.); (H.D.); (S.L.)
| | - Weijie Wu
- Food Science Institute, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Hailong Yang
- College of Life & Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China; (G.C.); (H.D.); (S.L.)
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Water Environment and Marine Biological Resources Protection, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
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Kavital A, Hiremath MB, Vishwanath Swamy AHM, Patil SB. Hypoglycemic activity of Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels seed extracts: an approach to in vitro, in vivo, and in silico studies. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023:1-11. [PMID: 37819095 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2268218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
This research is carried out to explore the hypoglycemic activity of Syzygium cumini seed extracts by in vitro, in vivo, and in silico methods. For in vitro studies the α-amylase and α-glucosidase enzyme inhibition assays were employed. For in vivo studies 30 alloxan induced Wistar rats were used. They were orally administered with glibenclamide and low/high dose of the extracts and were monitored regularly for the change in blood glucose levels for about 28 days. The in silico molecular docking was conducted to evaluate the binding interaction of 1,2,3-Benzenetriol with human pancreatic α-amylase and α-glucosidase. It was found that all the extracts were able to inhibit the α-amylase and α-glucosidase enzymes. Among which the acetone extract showed greater inhibition with 72.52 ± 0.51% and 63.02 ± 0.73% for both the enzymes, respectively. There was significant (p < 0.05) reduction in blood glucose levels in the rats administered with glibenclamide and extracts. In silico docking results revealed that the compound 1,2,3-Benzenetriol exhibited the highest binding affinity for human pancreatic α-amylase with binding energy -7.7 kcal/mol. Thus suggesting the utilization of S. cumini seeds in the management of diabetes mellitus.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Apsara Kavital
- Department of Biotechnology & Microbiology, Karnatak University, Dharwad, India
| | - M B Hiremath
- Department of Biotechnology & Microbiology, Karnatak University, Dharwad, India
| | - A H M Vishwanath Swamy
- KLE College of Pharmacy, Hubballi (A constituent Unit of KLE Academy of Higher Education and Research), Belagavi, India
| | - Santosh B Patil
- KLE College of Pharmacy, Hubballi (A constituent Unit of KLE Academy of Higher Education and Research), Belagavi, India
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Dai Y, Wang L, Chen X, Song A, He L, Wang L, Huang D. Lentinula edodes Sing Polysaccharide: Extraction, Characterization, Bioactivities, and Emulsifying Applications. Foods 2023; 12:3289. [PMID: 37685222 PMCID: PMC10486737 DOI: 10.3390/foods12173289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
In the present work, the optimization of extraction, emulsifying properties, and biological activities of polysaccharides from Lentinula edodes Sing (LES) were studied. The results showed LES polysaccharides extracted by hot water or ultrasonication are a group of β-glucan. Among all the samples, the one extracted by hot water showed the best emulsifying capacity. In addition, the results demonstrated that LES polysaccharide had strong scavenging activities in vitro on DPPH and ABTS radicals, which reached the highest level for the one extracted by 90 min ultrasonication (p < 0.05). Overall, Lentinula edodes Sing polysaccharides (LESPs) may have potential applications as emulsifying agents in food industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Dai
- College of Liquor and Food Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China (X.C.); (A.S.); (L.H.)
| | - Lei Wang
- College of Liquor and Food Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China (X.C.); (A.S.); (L.H.)
| | - Xingyi Chen
- College of Liquor and Food Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China (X.C.); (A.S.); (L.H.)
| | - Angxin Song
- College of Liquor and Food Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China (X.C.); (A.S.); (L.H.)
| | - Laping He
- College of Liquor and Food Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China (X.C.); (A.S.); (L.H.)
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Animal Products Storage & Processing of Guizhou Province, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Lingyuan Wang
- College of Liquor and Food Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China (X.C.); (A.S.); (L.H.)
| | - Diandian Huang
- College of Liquor and Food Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China (X.C.); (A.S.); (L.H.)
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Du X, Jiang C, Wang S, Jing H, Mo L, Ma C, Wang H. Preparation, identification, and inhibitory mechanism of dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitory peptides from goat milk whey protein. J Food Sci 2023; 88:3577-3593. [PMID: 37458288 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.16694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
This study explores potential hypoglycemic mechanisms by preparing and identifying novel dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) inhibitory peptides from goat milk (GM) whey protein. Papain was used to hydrolyze the GM whey protein. After purification by ultrafiltration, the Sephadex column, and preparative RP-HPLC, the peptide inhibited DPP-IV, α-glucosidase, and α-amylase with IC50 of 0.34, 0.37, and 0.72 mg/mL, respectively. To further explore the inhibitory mechanism of peptides on DPP-IV, SPPEFLR, LDADGSY, YPVEPFT, and FNPTY were identified and synthesized for the first time, with IC50 values of 56.22, 52.16, 175.7, and 62.32 µM, respectively. Molecular docking and dynamics results show that SPPEFLR, LDADGSY, and FNPTY bind more tightly to the active pocket of DPP-IV, which was consistent with the in vitro activity. Furthermore, the first three N-terminals of SPPEFLR and FNPTY peptides exhibit proline characteristics and competitively inhibit DPP-IV. Notably, the first N-terminal leucine of LDADGSY may play a key role in inhibiting DPP-IV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojing Du
- The State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chengyu Jiang
- The State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shan Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Huijuan Jing
- The State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ling Mo
- The State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chaoyang Ma
- The State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hongxin Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
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Xu Y, Sun YQ, Yu M, Song DX, Liu B, Chen N, Yu L, Liu YJ, Wang HF. A novel Vestitain A from the ripe fruits of Embelia vestita Roxb. Nat Prod Res 2023:1-10. [PMID: 37516922 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2023.2239990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023]
Abstract
A new compound, vestitain A (1), together with 11 known compounds were isolated from the ripe fruits of Embelia vestita Roxb., among them compounds 5,10-12 were isolated from this plant for the first time. Their structures were elucidated and characterized by detailed spectroscopic analysis. Further, the isolated new compound 1 was evaluated for its hypoglycemic effects in vivo. Our research showed that compound 1 could decrease the fasting blood glucose (FBG) by approximately 36.31% in diabetic rats at the high dose (800 mg/kg). By the Morris Water Maze experiments, we found that compound 1 had the effect of intervention on social behavior in diabetic rats, which might provide a reference basis for its development and utilization as a potential hypoglycemic drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, China
| | - Yu-Qi Sun
- School of Pharmacy, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, China
| | - Miao Yu
- School of Pharmacy, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, China
| | - Dong-Xue Song
- School of Pharmacy, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, China
- Engineering Research Center of Natural Anticancer Drugs, Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
| | - Bing Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, China
- Engineering Research Center of Natural Anticancer Drugs, Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
| | - Ning Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, China
- Engineering Research Center of Natural Anticancer Drugs, Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
| | - Lei Yu
- School of Pharmacy, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, China
- Engineering Research Center of Natural Anticancer Drugs, Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
| | - Ying-Jie Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, China
| | - Hai-Feng Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, China
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
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11
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Li L, Li Y, Wang P. Regulatory Effects Mediated by Enteromorpha prolifera Polysaccharide and Its Zn(II) Complex on Hypoglycemic Activity in High-Sugar High-Fat Diet-Fed Mice. Foods 2023; 12:2854. [PMID: 37569125 PMCID: PMC10417851 DOI: 10.3390/foods12152854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
In order to investigate and develop functional foods of marine origin with hypoglycemic activity, Enteromorpha prolifera polysaccharide-Zn(II) (EZ) complex was first prepared by marine resourced E. prolifera polysaccharide (EP) and ZnSO4 and their anti-diabetes activities against high-sugar and high-fat-induced diabetic mice were evaluated. The detailed structural characterization of EZ was elucidated by UV-Vis spectroscopy, infrared spectroscopy, and monosaccharide composition determination. The pharmacological research suggests that EZ has a potent hypoglycemic effect on high-sugar and high-fat-induced diabetic mice by inhibiting insulin resistance, improving dyslipidemia, decreasing inflammatory status, repairing pancreas damage, as well as activating the IRS/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway and regulating GLUT2 gene expression. At the same time, microbiota analysis indicates that a high dose of EZ could enhance the abundance of dominant species, such as Staphylococcaceae, Planococcaceae, Muribaculaceae, Aerococcaceae, and Lacrobacillaceae, in intestinal microbiota distribution. Thus, EZ could be considered as a potential candidate for developing an ingredient of functional foods for Zn(II) supplements with hypoglycemic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyan Li
- Medical School, Huanghe Science and Technology College, Zhengzhou 450063, China;
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Food Science and Engineering College, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China;
| | - Peng Wang
- Food Science and Engineering College, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China;
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12
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Jia W, Wang J, Wei C, Bian M, Bao S, Yu L. Synthesis and hypoglycemic activity of quinoxaline derivatives. Front Chem 2023; 11:1197124. [PMID: 37483267 PMCID: PMC10358274 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2023.1197124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, a new series of quinoxalinone derivatives (5a-5p, 6a-6n) was designed and its hypoglycemic activity was evaluated. The results showed that compounds 5i and 6b exhibited stronger hypoglycemic effects than the lead compounds and were comparable to the positive control Pioglitazone. 5i and 6b may exert hypoglycemic effects by alleviating cellular OS and modulating the interactions among GLUT4, SGLT2, and GLUT1 proteins. The alleviating cellular OS of compound 6b was better than that of 5i, and 6b was found to bind better than 5i for most of the screening targets. In summary, compound 6b is a potential lead compound with hypoglycaemic activity.3.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ming Bian
- *Correspondence: Ming Bian, ; Shuyin Bao, ; Lijun Yu,
| | - Shuyin Bao
- *Correspondence: Ming Bian, ; Shuyin Bao, ; Lijun Yu,
| | - Lijun Yu
- *Correspondence: Ming Bian, ; Shuyin Bao, ; Lijun Yu,
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13
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Pon'kina DA, Kuranov SO, Marenina MK, Meshkova YV, Zhukova NA, Khvostov MV, Luzina OA, Tolstikova TG, Salakhutdinov NF. Bornyl-Containing Derivatives of Benzyloxyphenylpropanoic Acid as FFAR1 Agonists: In Vitro and In Vivo Studies. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:1670. [PMID: 37376118 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15061670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is one of the most common chronic diseases worldwide. Several classes of hypoglycemic drugs are used to treat it, but various side effects limit their clinical use. Consequently, the search for new anti-diabetic agents remains an urgent task for modern pharmacology. In this investigation, we examined the hypoglycemic effects of bornyl-containing benzyloxyphenylpropanoic acid derivatives (QS-528 and QS-619) in a diet-induced model of T2DM. Animals were given the tested compounds per os at a dose of 30 mg/kg for 4 weeks. At the end of the experiment, compound QS-619 demonstrated a hypoglycemic effect, while QS-528 showed hepatoprotection. In addition, we performed a number of in vitro and in vivo experiments to study the presumed mechanism of action of the tested agents. Compound QS-619 was determined to activate the free fatty acid receptor-1 (FFAR1) similarly to the reference agonist GW9508 and its structural analogue QS-528. Both agents also increased insulin and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide concentrations in CD-1 mice. Our results indicate that QS-619 and QS-528 are probably full FFAR1 agonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darya A Pon'kina
- N. N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 9, Akademika Lavrentieva Ave., Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Sergey O Kuranov
- N. N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 9, Akademika Lavrentieva Ave., Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Mariya K Marenina
- N. N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 9, Akademika Lavrentieva Ave., Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Yulia V Meshkova
- N. N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 9, Akademika Lavrentieva Ave., Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Nataliya A Zhukova
- N. N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 9, Akademika Lavrentieva Ave., Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Mikhail V Khvostov
- N. N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 9, Akademika Lavrentieva Ave., Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Olga A Luzina
- N. N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 9, Akademika Lavrentieva Ave., Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Tatiana G Tolstikova
- N. N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 9, Akademika Lavrentieva Ave., Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Nariman F Salakhutdinov
- N. N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 9, Akademika Lavrentieva Ave., Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
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14
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Gao S, Lin X, Shi Y, Zhou H, Zheng X, Li M, Lin T. A New Hypoglycemic Prenylated Indole Alkaloid N-Oxide from Endophytic Fungus Pallidocercospora crystalline. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24108767. [PMID: 37240113 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24108767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
A new prenylated indole alkaloid-Penicimutamide C N-oxide (1), a new alkaloid penicimutamine A (2), along with six known alkaloids were isolated from an endophytic fungus Pallidocercospora crystallina. A simple and accurate method was used to determine the N-O bond in the N-oxide group of 1. By using a β-cell ablation diabetic zebrafish model, compounds 1, 3, 5, 6 and 8 showed significantly hypoglycemic activities under the concentration of 10 μM. Further studies revealed that compounds 1 and 8 lowered the glucose level through promoting glucose uptake in zebrafish. In addition, all eight compounds showed no acute toxicity, teratogenicity, nor vascular toxicity in zebrafish under the concentrations range from 2.5 μΜ to 40 μM. Importantly, these results provide new lead compounds for the development of antidiabetes strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Gao
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Xiao Lin
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Yeqin Shi
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Hu Zhou
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Xiao Zheng
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Mingyu Li
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Ting Lin
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
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15
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Cárdenas-Valdovinos JG, García-Ruiz I, Angoa-Pérez MV, Mena-Violante HG. Ethnobotany, Biological Activities and Phytochemical Compounds of Some Species of the Genus Eryngium (Apiaceae), from the Central-Western Region of Mexico. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28104094. [PMID: 37241835 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28104094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
There are approximately 250 species of Eryngium L. distributed throughout the world, with North America and South America being centers of diversity on this continent. In the central-western region of Mexico there may be around 28 species of this genus. Some Eryngium species are cultivated as leafy vegetables, ornamental, and medicinal plants. In traditional medicine they are used to treat respiratory and gastrointestinal conditions, diabetes, and dyslipidemia, among others. This review addresses the phytochemistry and biological activities, as well as traditional uses, distribution, and characteristics of the eight species of Eryngium reported as medicinal in the central-western region of Mexico: E. cymosum, E. longifolium, E. fluitans (or mexicanum), E. beecheyanum, E. carlinae, E. comosum, E. heterophyllum, and E. nasturtiifolium. The extracts of the different Eryngium spp. have shown biological activities such as hypoglycemic, hypocholesterolemic, renoprotective, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and antioxidant, among others. E. carlinae is the most studied species, and phytochemical analyses, performed mainly by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS), have shown its content of terpenoids, fatty acids, organic acids, phenolic acids, flavonoids, sterols, saccharides, polyalcohols, and aromatic and aliphatic aldehydes. According to the results of this review on Eryngium spp., they constitute a relevant alternative as a source of bioactive compounds for pharmaceutical, food, and other industries. However, there is a lot of research to be conducted regarding phytochemistry, biological activities, cultivation, and propagation, in those species with few or no reports.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ignacio García-Ruiz
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Department of Research, CIIDIR IPN Unidad Michoacán, Jiquilpan 59510, Mexico
| | - María V Angoa-Pérez
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Department of Research, CIIDIR IPN Unidad Michoacán, Jiquilpan 59510, Mexico
| | - Hortencia G Mena-Violante
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Department of Research, CIIDIR IPN Unidad Michoacán, Jiquilpan 59510, Mexico
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16
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Quan N, Wang YD, Li GR, Liu ZQ, Feng J, Qiao CL, Zhang HF. Ultrasound-Microwave Combined Extraction of Novel Polysaccharide Fractions from Lycium barbarum Leaves and Their In Vitro Hypoglycemic and Antioxidant Activities. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28093880. [PMID: 37175290 PMCID: PMC10180117 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28093880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Ultrasound-microwave combined extraction (UMCE), gradient ethanol precipitation, chemical characterization, and antioxidant and hypoglycemic activities of Lycium barbarum leaf polysaccharides (LLP) were systematically studied. The optimal conditions for UMCE of LLP achieved by response surface method (RSM) were as follows: microwave time of 16 min, ultrasonic time of 20 min, particle size of 100 mesh, and ratio of liquid to solid of 55:1. Three novel polysaccharide fractions (LLP30, LLP50, LLP70) with different molecular weights were obtained by gradient ethanol precipitation. Polysaccharide samples exhibited scavenging capacities against ABTS and DPPH radicals and inhibitory activities against α-glucosidase and α-amylase. Among the three fractions, LLP30 possessed relatively high antioxidant and hypoglycemic activities in vitro, which showed a potential for becoming a nutraceutical or a phytopharmaceutical for prevention and treatment of hyperglycemia or diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Quan
- International Joint Research Center of Shaanxi Province for Food and Health Sciences, Provincial Research Station of Se-Enriched Foods in Hanyin County of Shaanxi Province, College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Yi-Dan Wang
- International Joint Research Center of Shaanxi Province for Food and Health Sciences, Provincial Research Station of Se-Enriched Foods in Hanyin County of Shaanxi Province, College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Guo-Rong Li
- Yinchuan Market Supervision Administration, Yinchuan 750001, China
| | - Zi-Qi Liu
- International Joint Research Center of Shaanxi Province for Food and Health Sciences, Provincial Research Station of Se-Enriched Foods in Hanyin County of Shaanxi Province, College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Jing Feng
- Agrarian and Technological Institute, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Chun-Lei Qiao
- International Joint Research Center of Shaanxi Province for Food and Health Sciences, Provincial Research Station of Se-Enriched Foods in Hanyin County of Shaanxi Province, College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Hua-Feng Zhang
- International Joint Research Center of Shaanxi Province for Food and Health Sciences, Provincial Research Station of Se-Enriched Foods in Hanyin County of Shaanxi Province, College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
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17
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Yu M, Liang M, An Q, Wang W, Zhang B, Yang S, Zhou J, Yang X, Yang D, Zhang L, Du G, Lu Y. Versatile Solid Modifications of Multicomponent Pharmaceutical Salts: Novel Metformin-Rhein Salts Based on Advantage Complementary Strategy Design. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15041196. [PMID: 37111681 PMCID: PMC10142746 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15041196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to develop an effective treatment for diabetes and diabetic complications, based on the advantage complementary strategy of drug-drug salt, by designing and synthesizing the multicomponent molecular salts containing metformin (MET) and rhein (RHE). Finally, the salts of MET-RHE (1:1), MET-RHE-H2O (1:1:1), MET-RHE-ethanol-H2O (1:1:1:1), and MET-RHE-acetonitrile (2:2:1) were obtained, indicating the polymorphism of salts formed by MET and RHE. The structures were analyzed by the combination of characterization experiments and theoretical calculation, and the formation mechanism of polymorphism was discussed. The obtained results of in vitro evaluation showed that MET-RHE had a similar hygroscopicity with metformin hydrochloride (MET·HCl), and the solubility of the component of RHE increased by approximately 93 times, which laid a foundation for improving the bioavailability of MET and RHE in vivo. The evaluation of hypoglycemic activity in mice (C57BL/6N) indicated that MET-RHE exhibited better hypoglycemic activity than the parent drugs and the physical mixtures of MET and RHE. The above findings demonstrate that this study achieved the complementary advantages of MET and RHE through the multicomponent pharmaceutical salification technique, and provides new possibilities for the treatment of diabetic complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingchao Yu
- Institute of Materia Medica, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100050, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Polymorphic Drugs, Center of Pharmaceutical Polymorphs, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Meidai Liang
- Institute of Materia Medica, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100050, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Targets Identification and Drug Screening, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Qi An
- Institute of Materia Medica, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100050, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Polymorphic Drugs, Center of Pharmaceutical Polymorphs, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Wenwen Wang
- Institute of Materia Medica, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100050, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Polymorphic Drugs, Center of Pharmaceutical Polymorphs, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Baoxi Zhang
- Institute of Materia Medica, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100050, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Polymorphic Drugs, Center of Pharmaceutical Polymorphs, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Shiying Yang
- Institute of Materia Medica, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100050, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Polymorphic Drugs, Center of Pharmaceutical Polymorphs, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Jian Zhou
- Institute of Materia Medica, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100050, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Polymorphic Drugs, Center of Pharmaceutical Polymorphs, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Xiuying Yang
- Institute of Materia Medica, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100050, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Targets Identification and Drug Screening, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Dezhi Yang
- Institute of Materia Medica, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100050, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Polymorphic Drugs, Center of Pharmaceutical Polymorphs, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Institute of Materia Medica, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100050, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Polymorphic Drugs, Center of Pharmaceutical Polymorphs, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Guanhua Du
- Institute of Materia Medica, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100050, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Targets Identification and Drug Screening, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Yang Lu
- Institute of Materia Medica, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100050, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Polymorphic Drugs, Center of Pharmaceutical Polymorphs, Beijing 100050, China
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18
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Hu MY, Zhang WJ, Liu Y, Sun YJ, Feng WS, Chen H. [Alkaloids from fruit of Lycium chinense var. potaninii]. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi 2023; 48:1546-1552. [PMID: 37005842 DOI: 10.19540/j.cnki.cjcmm.20221114.201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2023]
Abstract
Ten alkaloids(1-10) were isolated from the ethyl acetate extract of the fruit of Lycium chinense var. potaninii by silica gel, ODS, and preparative high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC), and identified by NMR and MS as methyl(2S)-[2-formyl-5-(hydroxymethyl)-1H-pyrrol-1-yl]-3-(phenyl)propanoate(1), methyl(2R)-[2-formyl-5-(methoxymethyl)-1H-pyrrol-1-yl]-3-(phenyl)propanoate(2), 3-hydroxy-4-ethyl ketone pyridine(3), indolyl-3-carbaldehyde(4),(R)-4-isobutyl-3-oxo-3,4-dihydro-1H-pyrrolo[2,1-c][1,4]oxazine-6-carbaldehyde(5),(R)-4-isopropyl-3-oxo-3,4-dihydro-1H-pyrrolo[2,1-c][1,4]oxazine-6-car-baldehyde(6), methyl(2R)-[2-formyl-5-(methoxymethyl)-1H-pyrrol-1-yl]-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoate(7), dimethyl(2R)-[2-formyl-5-(methoxymethyl)-1H-pyrrol-1-yl]butanedioate(8), 4-[formyl-5-(methoxymethyl)-1H-pyrrol-1-yl]butanoate(9), 4-[2-formyl-5-(methoxymethyl)-1H-pyrrol-1-yl]butanoic acid(10). All the compounds were isolated from the plant for the first time. Among them, compounds 1-3 were new compounds. Compounds 1-9 were evaluated for hypoglycemic activity in vitro with the palmitic acid-induced insulin resistance in HepG2 cells. At 10 μmol·L~(-1), compounds 4, 6, 7, and 9 can promote the glucose consumption of HepG2 cells with insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Ya Hu
- School of Pharmacy,Henan University of Chinese Medicine Zhengzhou 450046,China
| | - Wen-Jing Zhang
- School of Pharmacy,Henan University of Chinese Medicine Zhengzhou 450046,China
| | - Yun Liu
- School of Pharmacy,Henan University of Chinese Medicine Zhengzhou 450046,China
| | - Yan-Jun Sun
- School of Pharmacy,Henan University of Chinese Medicine Zhengzhou 450046,China Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine and Respiratory Diseases Co-construction by Henan Province &Education Ministry of China Zhengzhou 450046,China
| | - Wei-Sheng Feng
- School of Pharmacy,Henan University of Chinese Medicine Zhengzhou 450046,China Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine and Respiratory Diseases Co-construction by Henan Province &Education Ministry of China Zhengzhou 450046,China
| | - Hui Chen
- School of Pharmacy,Henan University of Chinese Medicine Zhengzhou 450046,China Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine and Respiratory Diseases Co-construction by Henan Province &Education Ministry of China Zhengzhou 450046,China
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19
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Meng WT, Meng X, Niu LT, Zhang SS, Ouyang CJ, Ding CH, Zhu LJ, Zhang X. [A new bibenzyl derivative from stems of Dendrobium officinale]. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi 2023; 48:700-706. [PMID: 36872233 DOI: 10.19540/j.cnki.cjcmm.20220517.201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
Abstract
Eleven compounds were isolated from the 95% ethanol extract of the stems of Dendrobium officinale after water extraction by various modern chromatographic techniques, such as silica gel column chromatography(CC), octadecyl-silica(ODS) CC, Sephadex LH-20 CC, preparative thin layer chromatography(PTLC) and preparative high performance liquid chromatography(PHPLC). According to spectroscopic analyses(MS, 1D-NMR, 2D-NMR) combined with optical rotation data and calculated electronic circular dichroism(ECD), their structures were identified as dendrocandin Y(1), 4,4'-dihydroxybibenzyl(2), 3-hydroxy-4',5-dimethoxybibenzyl(3), 3,3'-dihydroxy-5-methoxybibenzyl(4), 3-hydroxy-3',4',5-trimethoxybibenzyl(5), crepidatin(6), alternariol(7), 4-hydroxy-3-methoxypropiophenone(8), 3-hydroxy-4,5-dimethoxypropiophenone(9), auriculatum A(10) and hyperalcohol(11). Among them, compound 1 was a new bibenzyl derivative; compounds 2 and 7-11 have not been previously reported from Dendrobium plants; compound 6 was reported from D.officinale for the first time. Compounds 3-6 exhibited potent antioxidant activity with IC_(50) values of 3.11-9.05 μmol·L~(-1) in ABTS radical scavenging assay. Compound 4 showed significant inhibitory effect on α-glucosidase, with IC_(50) value of 17.42 μmol·L~(-1), indicating that it boasted hypoglycemic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Tong Meng
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Xiao Meng
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Li-Ting Niu
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Si-Si Zhang
- Xiamen Eagledon Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. Xiamen 361000, China
| | - Chun-Jie Ouyang
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Chun-Hua Ding
- Xiamen Eagledon Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. Xiamen 361000, China
| | - Ling-Juan Zhu
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Xue Zhang
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University Shenyang 110016, China
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20
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Dong Y, Li Q, Guo Y, Zhao Y, Cao J. Comparison of physicochemical and in vitro hypoglycemic activity of bamboo shoot dietary fibers from different regions of Yunnan. Front Nutr 2023; 9:1102671. [PMID: 36712536 PMCID: PMC9879356 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1102671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, the physicochemical properties, thermal characteristics, and in vitro hypoglycemic activity of dietary fibers extracted from four bamboo shoots were characterized and compared. The results showed that Dendrocalamus brandisii Munro (C-BSDF) had the highest dietary fiber content (6.1%) and the smallest particle size (222.21 μm). SEM observations found that C-BSDF exhibited a loose and porous microstructure, while FTIR and XRD confirmed that C-BSDF had a higher degree of decomposition of insoluble dietary fiber components and the highest crystallinity, resulting in a better microstructure. Furthermore, C-BSDF exhibited excellent physiochemical properties with the highest water hold capacity, water swelling capacity, and preferable oil holding capacity. Thermal analysis showed that C-BSDF had the lowest mass loss (64.25%) and the highest denaturation temperature (114.03°C). The hypoglycemic activity of dietary fibers from bamboo shoots were examined in vitro and followed this order of activity: C-BSDF>D-BSDF>A-BSDF>B-BSDF. The inhibition ratios of GAC, GDRI and α-amylase activity of C-BSDF were 21.57 mmol/g, 24.1, and 23.34%, respectively. In short, C-BSDF display excellent physicochemical and functional properties due to its high soluble dietary fiber content, small particle size with a high specific surface area, and loose microstructure. Thus, D. brandisii Munro can be considered a promising new source of dietary fiber for hypoglycemic health products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufan Dong
- Faculty of Food Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China,Institute of Forestry Industry, Yunnan Academy of Forestry and Grassland, Kunming, China
| | - Qin Li
- Institute of Forestry Industry, Yunnan Academy of Forestry and Grassland, Kunming, China
| | - Yuhong Guo
- Institute of Forestry Industry, Yunnan Academy of Forestry and Grassland, Kunming, China
| | - Yihe Zhao
- Institute of Forestry Industry, Yunnan Academy of Forestry and Grassland, Kunming, China,*Correspondence: Yihe Zhao,
| | - Jianxin Cao
- Faculty of Food Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China,Jianxin Cao,
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Zhang L, Peng CY, Wang PX, Xu L, Liu JH, Xie X, Lu L, Tu ZC. Hypoglycemic and H 2O 2-induced oxidative injury protective effects and the phytochemical profiles of the ethyl acetate fraction from Radix Paeoniae Alba. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1126359. [PMID: 36908916 PMCID: PMC9998525 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1126359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Radix Paeonia Alba (RPA) is often used as food and medicine. This study aimed to enrich and identify the antioxidant and hypoglycemic bioactive compounds from RPA. The results indicated that the ethyl acetate fraction (EAF) showed the highest total phenolic content, DPPH, ABTS+ scavenging ability, and α-glucosidase inhibition ability (IC50 = 7.27 μg/ml). The EAF could alleviate H2O2-induced oxidative stress in HepG2 cells by decreasing the MDA and ROS levels, improving cell apoptosis, increasing the enzyme activity of GPX-Px, CAT, SOD, Na+/K+-ATP, and Ca2+/Mg2+-ATP, and stimulating T-AOC expression, which also enhanced the glucose uptake of insulin-resistant HepG2 cells. In addition, the EAF significantly reduced the fasting blood glucose level and improved glucose tolerance in diabetic mice. An HPLC-QTOF-MS/MS analysis displayed that procyanidin, digallic acid isomer, methyl gallate, tetragalloylglucose isomer, dimethyl gallic acid, and paeoniflorin were the major compounds in the EAF. These findings are meaningful for the application of the EAF in the medicinal or food industry to prevent and treat oxidative stress and diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Zhang
- National R&D Center of Freshwater Fish Processing, College of Life Science, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China.,Jiangxi Deshang Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Yichun, Jiangxi, China
| | - Chun-Yan Peng
- National R&D Center of Freshwater Fish Processing, College of Life Science, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Pei-Xin Wang
- National R&D Center of Freshwater Fish Processing, College of Life Science, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Linju Xu
- National R&D Center of Freshwater Fish Processing, College of Life Science, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Jia-Hui Liu
- National R&D Center of Freshwater Fish Processing, College of Life Science, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xing Xie
- National R&D Center of Freshwater Fish Processing, College of Life Science, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Ling Lu
- Jiangxi Deshang Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Yichun, Jiangxi, China
| | - Zong-Cai Tu
- National R&D Center of Freshwater Fish Processing, College of Life Science, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China.,State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
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22
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Dovbnia D, Frolova Y, Kaplaushenko A. A study of hypoglycemic activity of acids and salts containing 1,2,4-triazole. Ceska Slov Farm 2023; 72:113-124. [PMID: 37648427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
This article presents the study results of the hypoglycemic properties among 1,2,4-triazole derivatives synthesized at the Department of Physical and Colloidal Chemistry of the Zaporizhzhia State Medical University. Today, many people have a sedentary way of life, also most of their diet contains products that they frequently use, which increase the level of glucose in the blood, which can provoke the development of serious diseases. Therefore, to date, the creation of drugs that exhibit hypoglycemic activity and have a low level of toxicity remains an urgent task for medicine and pharmacy. In the first stage of our research, acute toxicity prediction was performed. The hypoglycemic activity of the synthesized compounds was assessed by performing an intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test (IPGTT) with a change in the blood glucose concentration of the animal after its single intraperitoneal administration in the form of a 40% solution at a dose of 2 g/kg of rat body weight. Thirty-eight compounds of the different classes were studied for hypoglycemic activity. Zinc (II) 2-{5-[(3,4-methoxyphenyl)-3H-1,2,4-triazole-3-yl]thio} acetate (3.18) showed the highest efficiency in terms of the ability to lower blood glucose levels, namely, by 27.3% (approximately 1.3 times).
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23
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Khvostov MV, Gladkova ED, Borisov SA, Fedotova MS, Zhukova NA, Marenina MK, Meshkova YV, Valutsa N, Luzina OA, Tolstikova TG, Salakhutdinov NF. 9-N-n-alkyl Berberine Derivatives: Hypoglycemic Activity Evaluation. Pharmaceutics 2022; 15:44. [PMID: 36678673 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15010044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Several novel 9-N-n-alkyl derivatives of berberine (C5, C7, C10, C12) were synthesized. They were analyzed in vitro and in vivo for their hypoglycemic activity. In vitro studies showed that the derivatives with shorter alkyl substitutes at concentrations ranging from 2.5 to 10 μM were able to stimulate glucose consumption by HepG2 cells more prominently than the derivatives with longer substitutes (C10 and C12). All compounds demonstrated a better effect compared to berberine. Their impact on cells' viability also depended on the alkyl substitutes length, but in this case, C10 and C12 derivatives demonstrated the best results. A similar correlation was also found in the OGTT, where the C5 derivative demonstrated a pronounced hypoglycemic effect at a dose of 15 mg/kg and C12 was less effective. This compound was further investigated in C57BL/6Ay mice for four weeks and was administered at a dose of 15 mg/kg. Pronounced effect of C12 on carbohydrate metabolism in mice was discovered: there was a decrease in fasting glucose levels and an increase in glucose tolerance in OGTT on the 14th and 28th days of the experiment. However, at the end of the experiment, signs of hepatosis exacerbation and an increase in the content of hepatic aminotransferases in blood were found.
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Kuranov S, Marenina M, Ivankin D, Blokhin M, Borisov S, Khomenko T, Luzina O, Khvostov M, Volcho K, Tolstikova T, Salakhutdinov N. The Study of Hypoglycemic Activity of 7-Terpenylcoumarins. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27248663. [PMID: 36557798 PMCID: PMC9785006 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27248663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Natural and synthetic coumarins are often considered privileged scaffolds for obtaining pharmacological agents with hypoglycemic activity. Chemical modification of coumarins often leads to antidiabetic agents with greater efficacy. In the present work, twenty monoterpene-substituted 7-hydroxycoumarins were synthesized. A new approach using the Mitsunobu reaction was shown to be effective for the synthesis of target compounds. All of the synthesized compounds were evaluated in an oral glucose tolerance test, and two of them containing geranyl and (-)-myrtenyl substituents showed in vivo hypoglycemic action. A possible mechanism of action of these compounds may include inhibition of DPP IV, which was proved in an in vitro test.
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25
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Gaspardi ALA, da Silva DC, Ponte LGS, Galland F, da Silva VSN, Simabuco FM, Bezerra RMN, Pacheco MTB. In vitro inhibition of glucose gastro-intestinal enzymes and antioxidant activity of hydrolyzed collagen peptides from different species. J Food Biochem 2022; 46:e14383. [PMID: 36181391 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.14383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The growing value of industrial collagen by-products has given rise to interest in extracting them from different species of animals. Intrinsic protein structure variation of collagen sources and its hydrolysis can bring about different bioactivities. This study aimed to characterize and evaluate the differences in vitro biological potential of commercial bovine (BH), fish (FH), and porcine hydrolysates (PH) regarding their antioxidant and hypoglycemic activities. All samples showed percentages above 90% of protein content, with high levels of amino acids (glycine, proline, and hydroxyproline), responsible for the specific structure of collagen. The BH sample showed a higher degree of hydrolysis (DH) (8.7%) and a higher percentage of smaller than 2 kDa peptides (74.1%). All collagens analyzed in vitro showed inhibition of pancreatic enzymes (α-amylase and α-glucosidase), with the potential to prevent diabetes mellitus. The PH sample showed higher antioxidant activities measured by ORAC (67.08 ± 4.23 μmol Trolox Eq./g) and ABTS radical scavenging (65.69 ± 3.53 μmol Trolox Eq./g) methods. For the first time, DNA protection was analyzed to hydrolyzed collagen peptides, and the FH sample showed a protective antioxidant action to supercoiled DNA both in the presence (39.51%) and in the absence (96.36%) of AAPH (reagent 2,2'-azobis(2-amidinopropane)). The results confirmed that the source of native collagen reflects on the bioactivity of hydrolyzed collagen peptides, probably due to its amino acid composition. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Our data provide new application for collagen hydrolysates with hypoglycemiant and antioxidant activity. These data open discussion for future studies on the additional benefits arising from collagen peptide consumption for the prevention of aging complications or hyperglycemic conditions as observed in chronic diseases such as diabetes mellitus type II (DM 2). The confirmation of these results can open new market areas for the use of collagen with pharmacological applications or to produce new supplements. Furthermore, provides a solution for waste collagen from meat industries and adds value to the product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Lais Andrade Gaspardi
- Centro de Ciência e Qualidade de Alimentos (CCQA), Instituto de Tecnologia de Alimentos (ITAL), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Daniele Cristina da Silva
- Centro de Ciência e Qualidade de Alimentos (CCQA), Instituto de Tecnologia de Alimentos (ITAL), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Luis Gustavo Saboia Ponte
- Laboratório Multidisciplinar em Alimentos e Saúde (LABMAS), Faculdade de Ciências Aplicadas (FCA), Universidade de Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, Brazil
| | - Fabiana Galland
- Centro de Ciência e Qualidade de Alimentos (CCQA), Instituto de Tecnologia de Alimentos (ITAL), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Vera Sonia Nunes da Silva
- Centro de Ciência e Qualidade de Alimentos (CCQA), Instituto de Tecnologia de Alimentos (ITAL), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Fernando Moreira Simabuco
- Laboratório Multidisciplinar em Alimentos e Saúde (LABMAS), Faculdade de Ciências Aplicadas (FCA), Universidade de Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, Brazil
| | - Rosângela Maria Neves Bezerra
- Laboratório Multidisciplinar em Alimentos e Saúde (LABMAS), Faculdade de Ciências Aplicadas (FCA), Universidade de Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, Brazil
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Liu H, Pei Z, Li W. Hypoglycemic and antioxidative activity evaluation of phenolic compounds derived from walnut diaphragm produced in Xinjiang. J Food Biochem 2022; 46:e14403. [PMID: 36121702 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.14403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Walnut diaphragm is defined as a dry wood septum located between the walnut shell and kernel. In this work, seven phenolic compounds from walnut diaphragm were purified and characterized, and their antioxidant activities and mechanisms of hypoglycemia were investigated. Compounds 1-7 were tested for DPPH, ABTS scavenging ability, and FRAP assay to evaluate the antioxidant activity. α-Amylase inhibition assay was introduced to assess the hypoglycemic activity, and the mechanism was investigated by kinetic analysis, CD spectrum, and molecular docking. Compound 6 showed the strongest antioxidant ability, while compound 1 exhibited the strongest inhibition of α-amylase by changing the secondary structure of α-amylase in a mixed competitive inhibition mode. Molecular docking test predicted that the tetrahydropyran part in compound 1 may contribute to its hypoglycemic effect. This study furnishes a new theoretical reference for the utilization and development of walnut diaphragm into a health food with antioxidant and hypoglycemic properties. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: The finding of this research may serve as a basis for the subsequent development of walnut diaphragm into instant tea-based health food or added to other food carriers to achieve auxiliary antioxidant and hypoglycemic effects. This study revealed that polyphenolic components were the material basis for the antioxidant and hypoglycemic effects of walnut diaphragm, which could be identified as landmark chemical components for controlling quality standards in the development of walnut diaphragm, thus accelerating the research process of quality standards for walnut diaphragm-related products. Furthermore, the studies on the mechanism of hypoglycemic activity supply more credible data to support the development of walnut diaphragm into a safe and consumer-friendly health food. With abundant resources and clear efficacy, walnut diaphragm has great development prospect and application value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongcui Liu
- Department of Functional Food and Wine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhuo Pei
- Department of Functional Food and Wine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Functional Food and Wine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
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27
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Chen Y, Wang Y, Zhu A, Zhang L, Zhang X, Zhang J, Zhang C. UPLC-TOF/MS-based metabolomics reveals the chemical changes and in vitro biological effects in fermentation of white ginseng by four probiotics. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1022200. [PMID: 36504795 PMCID: PMC9729340 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1022200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbial fermentation is a useful method for improving the biological activity of Chinese herbal medicine. Herein, we revealed the effects of solid-state fermentation by Lactiplantibacillus plantarum, Bacillus licheniformis, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Eurotium cristatum and multiple strains on total flavonoid content, total phenol content, as well as antioxidants, α-amylase inhibitory activities and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities in white ginseng (WG). Metabolite differences between non-fermented and fermented WG by different probiotics were comprehensively investigated using ultra-performance liquid chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-TOF-MS). Results showed that the total flavonoid content, ferric reducing antioxidant power, scavenging activities of DPPH radical and ABTS radical, α-amylase inhibitory activities and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities of WG were considerably enhanced after processing by solid-state fermentation in all strains. The total phenol content was increased by E. cristatum and B. licheniformis fermentation, but decreased by L. plantarum, S. cerevisiae and multi-strain fermentation. Additionally, E. cristatum exhibited stronger biotransformation activity on WG compared to other strains. Significant differential metabolites were mainly annotated as prenol lipids, carboxylic acids and derivatives, flavonoids, polyphenols, coumarins and derivatives. Correlation analysis further showed that changes of these metabolites were closely related to antioxidant and hypoglycemic effects. Our results confirmed that fermentation of WG by different probiotics has distinct effects on biological activities and metabolite composition, and indicating fermentation as an important novel strategy to promote components and bioactivities of WG.
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Khvostov MV, Gladkova ED, Borisov SA, Fedotova MS, Zhukova NA, Marenina MK, Meshkova YV, Luzina OA, Tolstikova TG, Salakhutdinov NF. Study of Hypoglycemic Activity of Novel 9-N-alkyltetrahydroberberine Derivatives. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23. [PMID: 36430664 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232214186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Novel 9-N-alkyltetrahydroberberine derivatives were synthesized, among which, based on the results of OGTT, one compound containing the longest aliphatic substituent was selected for study in mice C57BL/6Ay, which demonstrate obesity, impaired glucose tolerance, and concomitant liver non-alcoholic fatty disease. Administration of this substance at a dose of 15 mg/kg for four weeks improved the insulin sensitivity of mice, which resulted in a decrease in fasting glucose levels and improved the tolerance of mice to OGTT glucose loading. A decrease in the level of lactate in the blood and a decrease in the amount of glucokinase in the liver were also found. The introduction of compound 3c did not have a toxic effect on animals based on biochemical data, histological analysis, and measurements of general parameters such as body weight and feed intake. Thus, the 9-N-heptyltetrahydroberberine derivative showed prominent hypoglycemic effects, which makes it promising to obtain and study other derivatives with longer substituents.
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Chávez-Bustos EA, Morales-González A, Anguiano-Robledo L, Madrigal-Santillán EO, Valadez-Vega C, Lugo-Magaña O, Mendoza-Pérez JA, Fregoso-Aguilar TA. Bauhinia forficata Link, Antioxidant, Genoprotective, and Hypoglycemic Activity in a Murine Model. Plants (Basel) 2022; 11:3052. [PMID: 36432781 PMCID: PMC9692633 DOI: 10.3390/plants11223052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Bauhinia forficata L. is a tree used in alternative medicine as an anti-diabetic agent, with little scientific information about its pharmacological properties. The hypoglycemic, antioxidant, and genoprotective activities of a methanolic extract of B. forficata leaves and stems combined were investigated in mice treated with streptozotocin (STZ). Secondary metabolites were determined by qualitative phytochemistry. In vitro antioxidant activity was determined by the DPPH method at four concentrations of the extract. The genoprotective activity was evaluated in 3 groups of mice: control, anthracene (10 mg/kg), and anthracene + B. forficata (500 mg/kg) and the presence of micronuclei in peripheral blood was measured for 2 weeks. To determine the hypoglycemic activity, the crude extract was prepared in a suspension and administered (500 mg/kg, i.g.) in previously diabetic mice with STZ (120 mg/kg, i.p.), measuring blood glucose levels every week as well as the animals' body weight for six weeks. The extract showed good antioxidant activity and caused a decrease in the number of micronuclei. The diabetic mice + B. forficata presented hypoglycemic effects in the third week of treatment, perhaps due to its secondary metabolites. Therefore, B. forficata is a candidate for continued use at the ethnomedical level as an adjuvant to allopathic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Anayetzi Chávez-Bustos
- Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Department de Fisiología. Av., Wilfrido Massieu S/N, Col. Nueva Industrial Vallejo, Alcaldía Gustavo A. Madero, Ciudad de México C.P. 07700, Mexico
| | - Angel Morales-González
- Escuela Superior de Cómputo, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Av. Juan de Dios Bátiz S/N Esquina Miguel Othón de Mendizabal, Unidad Profesional Adolfo López Mateos, Ciudad de México C.P. 07738, Mexico
| | - Liliana Anguiano-Robledo
- Escuela Superior de Medicina, Laboratorio de Farmacología Molecular, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Alcaldía Miguel Hidalgo, Ciudad de México C.P. 11340, Mexico
| | - Eduardo Osiris Madrigal-Santillán
- Laboratorio de Medicina de Conservación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, México, Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón, Col. Casco de Santo Tomás, Alcaldía. Miguel Hidalgo, Ciudad de México C.P. 11340, Mexico
| | - Cármen Valadez-Vega
- Área Académica de Medicina, Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Ex-Hacienda de la Concepción, Tilcuautla, San Agustín Tlaxiaca C.P. 42080, Mexico
| | - Olivia Lugo-Magaña
- Preparatoria Número 1, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Av. Benito Juárez S/N, Constitución, Pachuca de Soto C.P. 42060, Mexico
| | - Jorge Alberto Mendoza-Pérez
- Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Department de Ingeniería en Sistemas Ambientales. Av., Wilfrido Massieu S/N, Col. Nueva Industrial Vallejo, Alcaldía Gustavo A. Madero, Ciudad de México C.P. 07700, Mexico
| | - Tomás Alejandro Fregoso-Aguilar
- Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Department de Fisiología. Av., Wilfrido Massieu S/N, Col. Nueva Industrial Vallejo, Alcaldía Gustavo A. Madero, Ciudad de México C.P. 07700, Mexico
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Ahmed TA, Alotaibi HA, Almehmady AM, Safo MK, El-Say KM. Influences of Glimepiride Self-Nanoemulsifying Drug Delivery System Loaded Liquisolid Tablets on the Hypoglycemic Activity and Pancreatic Histopathological Changes in Streptozotocin-Induced Hyperglycemic Rats. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2022; 12:nano12223966. [PMID: 36432252 PMCID: PMC9695338 DOI: 10.3390/nano12223966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The development of an oral anti-diabetic medication characterized by enhanced hypoglycemic activity is in high demand. The goal was to study the hypoglycemic activity and pancreatic histopathology after the black-seed-based self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system (SNEDDS) loaded with glimepiride liquisolid tablets to diabetic rats. The solubility of glimepiride in various vehicles was investigated. An optimization SNEDDS formulation was developed using a mixture of the experimental design approach. Box-Behnken design (BBD) was used to develop glimepiride liquisolid tablets utilizing Avicel PH 101 and Neusilin as a carrier mixture and FujiSil as a coating material. The quality attributes of the prepared tablets were assessed. Following the administration of the optimized tablets to diabetic rats, the pharmacodynamics and histopathological changes were investigated and compared to a commercial drug product. Results revealed that the optimized SNEDDS formulation that contains 15.43% w/w black seed oil, 40% w/w Tween 80, and 44.57% w/w Polyethylene glycol 400 showed an average droplet size of 34.64 ± 2.01 nm and a drug load of 36.67 ± 3.13 mg/mL. The optimized tablet formulation contained 0.31% Avicel in the carrier mixture, a 14.99 excipient ratio, and 8% superdisintegrant. Pre- and post-compression properties were satisfactory, and the optimized glimepiride liquisolid tablet showed a two-fold increase in dissolution. The optimized tablet demonstrated superior pharmacodynamics. The pancreatic tissues of the group treated with the optimized tablet displayed normal histological structure. The obtained data offered a commercially viable alternative for manufacturing solid dosage forms containing water-insoluble drugs, but additional clinical research is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarek A. Ahmed
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +966-2-640-0000 (ext. 22250)
| | - Hanadi A. Alotaibi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alshaimaa M. Almehmady
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Martin K. Safo
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, The Institute for Structural Biology, Drug Discovery and Development, School of Pharmacy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Khalid M. El-Say
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
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31
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Tu L, Wang R, Fang Z, Sun M, Sun X, Wu J, Dang Y, Liu J. Assessment of the Hypoglycemic and Hypolipidemic Activity of Flavonoid-Rich Extract from Angelica keiskei. Molecules 2022; 27. [PMID: 36235163 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27196625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Angelica keiskei contains a variety of bioactive compounds including chalcone, coumarin, and phytochemicals, endowing it with pharmacological effects such as lipid-lowering activity, antitumor activity, liver protection, and nerve protection. This study aims to study the hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects of the flavonoid-rich extract from Angelica keiskei (FEAK) in an effort to exploit new applications of FEAK and increase its commercial value. In this paper, flavonoid compounds in Angelica keiskei were extracted using 50% ethanol, and the contents of the flavonoid compounds were analyzed by UPLC-MS/MS. Then, the hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic activities of the FEAK were investigated through in vitro enzyme activity and cell experiments as well as establishing in vivo zebrafish and Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) models. The UPLC-MS/MS results show that the major flavonoid compounds in the FEAK were aureusidin, xanthoangelol, kaempferol, luteolin, and quercetin. The inhibitory rates of the FEAK on the activity of α-amylase and cholesterol esterase were 57.13% and 72.11%, respectively. In cell lipid-lowering experiments, the FEAK significantly reduced the total cholesterol (TC) and total triglyceride (TG) levels in a dose-dependent manner, with 150 μg/mL of FEAK decreasing the intracellular levels of TC and TG by 33.86% and 27.89%, respectively. The fluorescence intensity of the FEAK group was 68.12% higher than that of the control group, indicating that the FEAK exhibited hypoglycemic effects. When the concentration of the FEAK reached 500 μg/mL, the hypoglycemic effect on zebrafish reached up to 57.7%, and the average fluorescence intensity of C. elegans in the FEAK group was 17% lower than that of the control group. The results indicate that the FEAK had hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic activities. The findings of this study provide theoretical references for the high-value utilization of Angelica keiskei and the development of natural functional food with hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic activities.
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Dai J, Hu Y, Si Q, Gu Y, Xiao Z, Ge Q, Sha R. Antioxidant and Hypoglycemic Activity of Sequentially Extracted Fractions from Pingguoli Pear Fermentation Broth and Identification of Bioactive Compounds. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27186077. [PMID: 36144810 PMCID: PMC9505173 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27186077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Pear fruits have been reported to contain abundant bioactive compounds and exhibit antidiabetic activity. In this study, Pingguoli pear (Pyrus pyrifolia cv.‘Pingguoli’) fermentation broth was sequentially extracted by five solvents with increasing polarity (petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate, n-butanol, and water) to evaluate its antioxidant and hypothermic activities, and then the main compounds of the fraction with the highest activity were assessed, which might be responsible for such activities. The results showed that the ethyl acetate fraction (EAF) exhibited the highest antioxidant activity according to DPPH (IC50 = 0.238 mg/mL), ABTS (IC50 = 0.293 mg/mL), and FRAP (IC50 = 0.193 mg/mL) assays. The in vitro hypoglycemic activity assay showed that EAF exhibited the strongest inhibitory effect, with IC50 values of 0.34 and 0.95 mg/mL for α-amylase and α-glucosidase, respectively. The glucose consumption in HepG2 cells treated with EAF was significantly increased to 252%, compare with control group. Liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis implied that the main compounds, 3′-C-glucosylisoliquiritigenin, robustside D, caffeic acid, and chlorogenic acid may be potential candidates for the antioxidant and hypoglycemic activities of the EAF. This study suggested that EAF of Pingguoli pear fermentation broth could be utilized for development of potential functional food and antidiabetic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Dai
- School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Chemical and Biological Processing Technology of Farm Products, Zhejiang Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center of Agricultural Biological Resources Biochemical Manufacturing, Hangzhou 310023, China
| | - Yu Hu
- School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China
| | - Qi Si
- School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China
| | - Yifei Gu
- School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China
| | - Zhuqian Xiao
- School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Chemical and Biological Processing Technology of Farm Products, Zhejiang Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center of Agricultural Biological Resources Biochemical Manufacturing, Hangzhou 310023, China
| | - Qin Ge
- School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Chemical and Biological Processing Technology of Farm Products, Zhejiang Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center of Agricultural Biological Resources Biochemical Manufacturing, Hangzhou 310023, China
| | - Ruyi Sha
- School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Chemical and Biological Processing Technology of Farm Products, Zhejiang Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center of Agricultural Biological Resources Biochemical Manufacturing, Hangzhou 310023, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-571-85070390
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Liu N, Chen M, Song J, Zhao Y, Gong P, Chen X. Effects of Auricularia auricula Polysaccharides on Gut Microbiota Composition in Type 2 Diabetic Mice. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27186061. [PMID: 36144789 PMCID: PMC9502302 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27186061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In previous studies, Auriculariaauricula polysaccharides (AAP) has been found to improve type 2 diabetes mellitus, but its mechanism remains unclear. In this study, we sought to demonstrate that AAP achieves remission by altering the gut microbiota in mice with type 2 diabetes. We successfully constructed a type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) model induced by a high-fat diet (HFD) combined with streptozotocin (STZ), following which fasting blood glucose (FBG) levels and oral glucose tolerance test (OTGG) were observed to decrease significantly after 5 weeks of AAP intervention. Furthermore, AAP enhanced the activities of total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and reduced the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) to alleviate the oxidative stress injury. AAP-M (200 mg/kg/d) displayed the best improvement effect. Moreover, 16S rRNA results showed that AAP decreased the abundance of Firmicutes and increased that of Bacteroidetes. The abundance of beneficial genera such as Faecalibaculum, Dubosiella, Alloprevotella, and those belonging to the family Lachnospiraceae was increased due to the intake of AAP. AAP could reduced the abundance of Desulfovibrio, Enterorhabdus, and Helicobacter. In all, these results suggest that AAP can improve the disorders of glucose and lipid metabolism by regulating the structure of the gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nannan Liu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Weinan Normal University, Weinan 714099, China
| | - Mengyin Chen
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi’an 710021, China
| | - Juanna Song
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi’an 710021, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Pin Gong
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi’an 710021, China
| | - Xuefeng Chen
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi’an 710021, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-139-9209-4639
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Basavaraj M, Giles D, Das AK, Janadri S, Andhale GS. Design, synthesis and chemical stability of indolizine derivatives for antidiabetic activity. Nucleosides Nucleotides Nucleic Acids 2022; 41:1127-1140. [PMID: 35856484 DOI: 10.1080/15257770.2022.2100418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Prodrugs of metformin were synthesized with the goal of enhancing biological activity of metformin. They were synthesized by combining metformin with 2-substituted indolizine (C7-C12). The synthesized prodrugs were characterized by IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and mass spectroscopy. The chemical hydrolysis of C7-C12 was carried out at pH 1.2, 6.8, and 7.4. All compounds showed encouraging chemical stability at pH 1.2 and 6.8, whereas mild hydrolysis was shown at pH 7.4. Further prodrugs were screened for antidiabetic activity using a streptozotocin-induced model in rat. These derivatives showed substantial results. Among them C8 showed significant activity in the reduction of streptozotocin-induced blood glucose in rats when compared to that of metformin, indicating the effectiveness of prodrug.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Basavaraj
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Nitte College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yelahanka, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - D Giles
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Acharya & BM Reddy College of Pharmacy, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Amit Kumar Das
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Acharya & BM Reddy College of Pharmacy, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Suresh Janadri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Nitte College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yelahanka, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Ganesh S Andhale
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Alard College of Pharmacy, Pune, India
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Pan X, Xu L, Meng J, Chang M, Cheng Y, Geng X, Guo D, Liu R. Ultrasound-Assisted Deep Eutectic Solvents Extraction of Polysaccharides From Morchella importuna: Optimization, Physicochemical Properties, and Bioactivities. Front Nutr 2022; 9:912014. [PMID: 35757264 PMCID: PMC9218490 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.912014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, a high-efficiency and non-pollution extraction procedure, ultrasound-assisted technique with deep eutectic solvents (DESs), was applied for extraction of polysaccharides from Morchella importuna (MIP-D). The results exhibited that the system of DES was: mole ratio between choline chloride and oxalic acid of 2:1, water content of 90% (v/v), and the optimal extraction parameters were as follows: extraction time of 31.2 min, extraction temperature of 62.1°C, and the liquid–solid ratio of 32.5:1 (v/w). Under these extraction parameters, the extraction yield of MIP-D was 4.5 times higher than hot water extraction (HWE) method and had higher carbohydrate (85.27%) and sulfate contents (34.16%). Moreover, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and Fourier-transform IR (FTIR) spectrum analysis indicated that MIP-D was comprised of glucosamine, galactose, glucose, and mannose, with molar ratios of 0.39:1.88:3.82:3.91, which contained the pyranose ring skeleton. High-performance gel permeation chromatography (HPGPC) analysis revealed that MIP-D showed three fractions with molecular weights of 2.6 × 106, 7.3 × 104, and 3.7 × 103 Da, which were lower than those of polysaccharides extracted by HWE. In-vitro tests proved that MIP-D possessed excellent antioxidant and inhibited α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities. Therefore, DESs (choline chloride-oxalic acid) as a high-efficiency and non-pollution solvent alternative can be applied to the separation of bioactive polysaccharides from Morchella importuna (M. importuna).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Pan
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, China
| | - Lijing Xu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, China.,Shanxi Key Laboratory of Edible Fungi for Loess Plateau, Taigu, China
| | - Junlong Meng
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, China.,Shanxi Engineering Research Center of Edible Fungi, Taigu, China
| | - Mingchang Chang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, China.,Shanxi Engineering Research Center of Edible Fungi, Taigu, China
| | - Yanfen Cheng
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, China.,Shanxi Key Laboratory of Edible Fungi for Loess Plateau, Taigu, China
| | - Xueran Geng
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, China.,Shanxi Key Laboratory of Edible Fungi for Loess Plateau, Taigu, China
| | - Dongdong Guo
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, China
| | - Rongzhu Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, China
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Zhang W, Li L, Ma Y, Chen X, Lan T, Chen L, Zheng Z. Structural Characterization and Hypoglycemic Activity of a Novel Pumpkin Peel Polysaccharide-Chromium(III) Complex. Foods 2022; 11:1821. [PMID: 35804640 PMCID: PMC9265534 DOI: 10.3390/foods11131821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of our study was to synthesize a pumpkin peel polysaccharide (PPP)-Cr(III) complex and investigate its hypoglycemic activity. Firstly, a novel PPP-Cr(III) complex with a Cr content of 23.77 mg/g was synthesized and characterized. Physicochemical characterization indicated that PPP-Cr(III) had some changes in chemical composition, monosaccharide composition, and morphological structure compared with PPP. The molecular weights of PPP-Cr(III) and PPP were 1.398 × 106 g/mol and 3.386 × 106 g/mol, respectively, showing a lower molecular weight after the introduction of Cr(III). Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy showed that a new characteristic absorption peak of Cr-O appeared at 534 cm-1 in PPP-Cr(III), indicating that Cr(III) was successfully complexed with PPP. Secondly, the hypoglycemic activity of PPP-Cr(III) based on α-glucosidase inhibitory and insulin resistance (IR)-HepG2 cells was evaluated. Compared with PPP, PPP-Cr(III) exhibited a more significantly α-glucosidase inhibitory activity. The IR-HepG2 cells confirmed an obvious increase in glucose consumption. Western blot analysis demonstrated that the treated IR-HepG2 cells were able to increase the protein levels of p-AMPK and p-GSK-3β, indicating that IR-HepG2 cells exerted hypoglycemic activity via the AMPK/GSK-3β signaling pathway. These results suggested that PPP-Cr(III) had good hypoglycemic activity, which could provide theoretical support for the development of novel hypoglycemic products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Food Processing Technology and Quality Control of Shandong Higher Education Institutes, College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai’an 271018, China; (W.Z.); (L.L.); (X.C.)
| | - Lingyu Li
- Key Laboratory of Food Processing Technology and Quality Control of Shandong Higher Education Institutes, College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai’an 271018, China; (W.Z.); (L.L.); (X.C.)
| | - Yue Ma
- Institute of Agri-Food Processing and Nutrition, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products of Fruits and Vegetables Preservation and Processing, Key Laboratory of Vegetable Postharvest Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100097, China;
| | - Xiaole Chen
- Key Laboratory of Food Processing Technology and Quality Control of Shandong Higher Education Institutes, College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai’an 271018, China; (W.Z.); (L.L.); (X.C.)
| | - Tao Lan
- Sub-Institute of Agriculture and Food Standardization, China National Institute of Standardization, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Long Chen
- Key Laboratory for Applied Technology of Sophisticated Analytical Instruments of Shandong Province, Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, China;
| | - Zhenjia Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Food Processing Technology and Quality Control of Shandong Higher Education Institutes, College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai’an 271018, China; (W.Z.); (L.L.); (X.C.)
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Senna Pereira JD, Aparecida Hister C, Ubessi C, Bosio Tedesco S. Genotoxicity, Cytotoxicity and Phenolic Compounds from Aqueous Extracts of Phyllanthus tenellus Roxb. Cultivated Under Different Light Conditions. Pak J Biol Sci 2022; 25:575-585. [PMID: 36098164 DOI: 10.3923/pjbs.2022.575.585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
<b>Background and Objective:</b> <i>Phyllanthus tenellus</i> Roxb. is a medicinal species widely used in Brazil for diseases of the urinary tract, kidney stones, infections and as a diuretic. The therapeutic property of this species is due to the production of phenolic compounds by secondary metabolism. However, cultivation conditions can alter the production of phenolic compounds and compromise the medicinal use of the species. The aim of this research was the evaluation of the genotoxic and cytotoxic activity of aqueous extracts of the species <i>Phyllanthus tenellus</i> Roxb. grown with and without shading, on the <i>Allium cepa</i> cell cycle and also, determine the phenolic compounds present in the aqueous extracts in each of the cultivation conditions. <b>Materials and Methods:</b> For the <i>Allium cepa</i> test three concentrations of 5, 10 and 15 g L<sup></sup><sup>1</sup> of the aerial part of the plant were used for the preparation of aqueous extracts, referring to the two forms of cultivation, with and without shading. <b>Results:</b> The aqueous extracts of <i>Phyllanthus tenellus</i> Roxb. have cytotoxic activity, except for the 5 g L<sup></sup><sup>1</sup> concentration of the cultivation with shading, which is the only concentration that has a genotoxic effect. <b>Conclusion:</b> The incidence of light stimulates the increase in the concentration of phenolic compounds (total polyphenols, flavonoids and tannins) in the species when cultivated in full sun.
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Wang W, Shi Y, Liu Y, Zhang Y, Wu J, Zhang G, Che Q, Zhu T, Li M, Li D. Brasilterpenes A-E, Bergamotane Sesquiterpenoid Derivatives with Hypoglycemic Activity from the Deep Sea-Derived Fungus Paraconiothyrium brasiliense HDN15-135. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:338. [PMID: 35621989 DOI: 10.3390/md20050338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Five bergamotane sesquiterpenoid derivatives, brasilterpenes A-E (1-5), bearing an unreported spiral 6/4/5 tricyclic ring system, were isolated from the deep sea-derived ascomycete fungus Paraconiothyrium brasiliense HDN15-135. Their structures, including absolute configurations, were established by extensive spectroscopic methods complemented by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analyses, electronic circular dichroism (ECD), and density-functional theory (DFT) calculations of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) data including DP4+ analysis. The hypoglycemic activity of these compounds was assessed using a diabetic zebrafish model. Brasilterpenes A (1) and C (3) significantly reduced free blood glucose in hyperglycemic zebrafish in vivo by improving insulin sensitivity and suppressing gluconeogenesis. Moreover, the hypoglycemic activity of compound 3 was comparable to the positive control, anti-diabetes drug rosiglitazone. These results suggested brasilterpene C (3) had promising anti-diabetes potential.
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Duan PB, Xiao PT, Yang X, Hao JH, Li K, Liu EH. Screening of hypoglycemic components in Platycladi Cacumen by phytochemical investigation, spectrum-effect relationship, and chemometric methods. J Sep Sci 2022; 45:2591-2602. [PMID: 35593082 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202200221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
In this work, the hypoglycemic components in Platycladi Cacumen, an essential traditional Chinese medicine, were evaluated by combining phytochemical investigation, spectrum-effect relationship analysis, and chemometric methods. The phytochemical studies on Platycladi Cacumen extract lead to the isolation of 21 potential bioactive compounds. The chromatographic fingerprints of Platycladi Cacumen samples were established by high-performance liquid chromatography. The hypoglycemic effects of Platycladi Cacumen samples were further evaluated by inhibition of α-glucosidase and detected by the high-performance liquid chromatography method. The spectrum-effect relationship study by bivariate correlations analysis and orthogonal partial least squares regression revealed that myricitrin (P9), quercitrin (P13), afzelin (P18), and amentoflavone (P24) were more relevant to the α-glucosidase inhibitory activity. The results of α-glucosidase inhibitory activity of 21 isolated compounds and molecular docking studies also indicated these flavonoids had potent α-glucosidase inhibitory activity. Collectively, the present study established the spectrum-effect relationship mode of Platycladi Cacumen and discovered the major hypoglycemic components, which provides a feasible method for screening bioactive components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng-Bo Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Ping-Ting Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Xing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Jin-Hua Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Kai Li
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, P. R. China
| | - E-Hu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, PR China
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Wang F, Jiang Y, Jin S, Wang D, Wu K, Yang Q, Han R, Chen S, Liang Z, Jia Q. Structure characterization and bioactivity of neutral polysaccharides from different sources of Polygonatum Mill. Biopolymers 2022; 113:e23490. [PMID: 35460266 DOI: 10.1002/bip.23490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Polygonati rhizoma (PR), a traditional medical and edible product, is rich in polysaccharides and exhibits physiological activity, including antioxidant, hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic properties. Neutral polysaccharides have been reported to be one of the main active ingredients of Polygonatum, with many of these fractions being responsible for the biological activity. This behavior was shown to be closely connected to the chemical structure, monosaccharide composition, and glycosidic bond type. There are few reports on the chemical constituents of the neutral polysaccharides from different sources of PR. In this study, neutral polysaccharides of PR from four different regions of China (Chun'an (Zhejiang), Xixia (Henan), Danfeng (Shanxi), and Pan'an (Zhejiang)), named CAZJ, XXHN, DFSX, and PAZJ, respectively, were isolated by anion-exchange and gel-permeation chromatography. Structures of the four polysaccharides were investigated. The results showed that all of them were mainly glucose and mannose, while the monosaccharide composition and content of polysaccharides from different sources varied. The molecular weights of CAZJ, XXHN, DFSX, and PAZJ were 14.119, 22.352, 18.127, and 15.699 kDa, respectively. Infrared spectra illustrated the existence of α-glycosidic bond and β-glycosidic bond in the polysaccharides. CAZJ, XXHN, and DFSX possessed a pyranose ring structure, whereas PAZJ had a furanose ring structure. Congo red test indicated that XXHN, DFSX, and PAZJ had a triple-helix structure. X-ray diffraction showed that the polysaccharides consisted of crystalline and amorphous regions. All four polysaccharides exhibited different degrees of antioxidant and hypoglycemic activities with a dose-dependent manner in the 1.0-10.0 mg/mL concentration range. Correlation analysis revealed that the bioactivities of polysaccharides was significantly related to monosaccharide composition, uronic acid, and protein content. The results suggested that neutral polysaccharides could be used as potential natural antioxidants and hypoglycemic agents for functional and nutraceutical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feifeng Wang
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yujie Jiang
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shuifeng Jin
- Hangzhou Agricultural and Rural Affairs Guarantee Center, Hangzhou Agricultural and Rural Bureau, Hangzhou, China
| | - Dekai Wang
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kangjing Wu
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qingwen Yang
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ruilian Han
- Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shaoning Chen
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zongsuo Liang
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qiaojun Jia
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
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Xu B, Li Z, Zeng T, Zhan J, Wang S, Ho CT, Li S. Bioactives of Momordica charantia as Potential Anti-Diabetic/Hypoglycemic Agents. Molecules 2022; 27:2175. [PMID: 35408574 PMCID: PMC9000558 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27072175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Momordica charantia L., a member of the Curcubitaceae family, has traditionally been used as herbal medicine and as a vegetable. Functional ingredients of M. charantia play important roles in body health and human nutrition, which can be used directly or indirectly in treating or preventing hyperglycemia-related chronic diseases in humans. The hypoglycemic effects of M. charantia have been known for years. In this paper, the research progress of M. charantia phytobioactives and their hypoglycemic effects and related mechanisms, especially relating to diabetes mellitus, has been reviewed. Moreover, the clinical application of M. charantia in treating diabetes mellitus is also discussed, hoping to broaden the application of M. charantia as functional food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bilin Xu
- College of Biology and Agricultural Resources, Huanggang Normal University, Huanggang 438000, China; (B.X.); (Z.L.); (J.Z.); (S.W.)
| | - Zhiliang Li
- College of Biology and Agricultural Resources, Huanggang Normal University, Huanggang 438000, China; (B.X.); (Z.L.); (J.Z.); (S.W.)
| | - Ting Zeng
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China;
| | - Jianfeng Zhan
- College of Biology and Agricultural Resources, Huanggang Normal University, Huanggang 438000, China; (B.X.); (Z.L.); (J.Z.); (S.W.)
| | - Shuzhen Wang
- College of Biology and Agricultural Resources, Huanggang Normal University, Huanggang 438000, China; (B.X.); (Z.L.); (J.Z.); (S.W.)
| | - Chi-Tang Ho
- Department of Food Science, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA;
| | - Shiming Li
- College of Biology and Agricultural Resources, Huanggang Normal University, Huanggang 438000, China; (B.X.); (Z.L.); (J.Z.); (S.W.)
- Department of Food Science, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA;
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Sissi S, Di Giacomo S, Ferrante C, Angelini P, Macone A, Giusti AM, Toniolo C, Vitalone A, Abdellah A, Larhsini M, Menghini L, Markouk M, Mazzanti G, Di Sotto A. Characterization of the Phytochemical Composition and Bioactivities of Anacyclus maroccanus Ball. and Anacyclus radiatus Loisel Aerial Parts: Preliminary Evidence for the Possible Development of Moroccan Plants. Molecules 2022; 27:692. [PMID: 35163958 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27030692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 01/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, the phytochemical composition and bioactivities of A. maroccanus (AM) and A. radiatus (AR), two ecotypes collected in the Demnate road and Essaouira regions, respectively, were studied to highlight a pharmacological interest and to enable possible pharmaceutical development. To this end, methanolic and ethyl acetate extracts were prepared for each ecotype by fractionation; next, their phytochemical composition was evaluated by spectrophotometric and chromatographic analysis. Moreover, in line with the available evidence for Anacyclus spp. and their traditional use, a screening of bioactivities, including antioxidant, hypoglycemic, antiglycative, chelating, and antibacterial activities, was performed. The extracts were characterized by high amounts of polyphenols, tannins, and flavonoids, especially in the methanolic extracts; these samples were also enriched in carotenoids despite a lower chlorophyll content. Chlorogenic acid and rutin were the major identified compounds. The extracts also showed interesting hypoglycemic, antiglycative, and antibacterial properties, although with differences in efficacy and potency. Present results provide more scientific basis to the ethnopharmacological uses of Anacyclus spp. and suggest a further interest in AM and AR ecotypes as natural sources of bioactive compounds and/or phytocomplexes for possible pharmaceutical and nutraceutical developments.
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Wang Q, Wang J, Li N, Liu J, Zhou J, Zhuang P, Chen H. A Systematic Review of Orthosiphon stamineus Benth. in the Treatment of Diabetes and Its Complications. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27020444. [PMID: 35056765 PMCID: PMC8781015 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27020444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2021] [Revised: 01/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
(1) Background: Orthosiphon stamineus Benth. is a traditional medicine used in the treatment of diabetes and chronic renal failure in southern China, Malaysia, and Thailand. Diabetes is a chronic metabolic disease and the number of diabetic patients in the world is increasing. This review aimed to systematically review the effects of O. stamineus in the treatment of diabetes and its complications and the pharmacodynamic material basis. (2) Methods: This systematic review was conducted following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA), using the databases ScienceDirect, PubMed, and Web of Science. (3) Results: Thirty-one articles related to O. stamineus and diabetes were included. The mechanisms of O. stamineus in the treatment of diabetes and its complications mainly included inhibiting α-amylase and α-glucosidase activities, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, regulating lipid metabolism, promoting insulin secretion, ameliorating insulin resistance, increasing glucose uptake, promoting glycolysis, inhibiting gluconeogenesis, promoting glucagon-likepeptide-1 (GLP-1) secretion and antiglycation activity. Phenolic acids, flavonoids and triterpenoids might be the main components for hypoglycemia effects in O. stamineus. (4) Conclusion: O. stamineus could be an antidiabetic agent to treat diabetes and its complications. However, it needs further study on a pharmacodynamic substance basis and the mechanisms of effective constituents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qirou Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; (Q.W.); (J.W.); (N.L.); (J.L.); (J.Z.)
| | - Jia Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; (Q.W.); (J.W.); (N.L.); (J.L.); (J.Z.)
| | - Nannan Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; (Q.W.); (J.W.); (N.L.); (J.L.); (J.Z.)
| | - Junyu Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; (Q.W.); (J.W.); (N.L.); (J.L.); (J.Z.)
| | - Jingna Zhou
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; (Q.W.); (J.W.); (N.L.); (J.L.); (J.Z.)
| | - Pengwei Zhuang
- Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Chinese Materia Medica College, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China;
| | - Haixia Chen
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; (Q.W.); (J.W.); (N.L.); (J.L.); (J.Z.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-22-2740-1483
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Abstract
An increase in the level of cholesterol day by day is easily seen in most people just because of poor life style, food with high cholesterol, lack of physical work, etc. There are lots of molecules available, which lower down the cholesterol level. In this field a new molecule has been introduced that is bimpedoic acid. Researches indicate that bempedoic acid has the same mechanism of action as statins, which means that it also inhibits the HMG-CoA reductase enzyme. This article is my best collection of published scientific data on bempedoic acid till now. It also includes the chemistry, pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic parameters of the mentioned new molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayank Kulshreshtha
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Babu Banarasi Das University, Lucknow, India
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45
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Wang Y, Jiang Z. Rapid large-scale preparation of polysaccharides from jackfruit peel waste by high-speed countercurrent chromatography and their antioxidant and hypoglycemic activities. J Sep Sci 2021; 45:771-779. [PMID: 34851555 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202100636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Polysaccharides with antioxidant and hypoglycemic activities were first isolated from jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam.) peel through the one-step high-speed countercurrent chromatography. The separation process was completed using the polymer two-phase aqueous system constituted by PEG1000-K2 HPO4 -KH2 PO4 -H2 O (0.8:1.25:1.25:6.5, w/w). For every separation process, two main polysaccharides, namely, fraction-1 and fraction-2 (165 and 225 mg, respectively) were obtained from a 2.0 g crude sample. As suggested by high-performance gel permeation chromatography, jackfruit peel polysaccharides had the mean molecular weight values of 113.3 and 174.3 kDa, separately. Physicochemical analysis suggested that two polysaccharides were dominant in galacturonic acid, galactose, rhamnose, arabinose, glucose, mannose, as well as fucose, which were highly esterified. Biological activity analysis showed that fraction-1 exhibited stronger antioxidant activity in vitro and hypoglycemic activity in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice compared with fraction-2. The results suggest that polysaccharide fraction-1 may be developed as a potential functional food supplement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhua Wang
- School of Science, Hainan University, Haikou, P. R. China
| | - Zhiguo Jiang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, P. R. China.,Engineering Research Center of Utilization of Tropical Polysaccharide Resources, Ministry of Education, Hainan University, Haikou, P. R. China
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46
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Wu HQ, Ma ZL, Zhang DX, Wu P, Guo YH, Yang F, Li DY. Sequential Extraction, Characterization, and Analysis of Pumpkin Polysaccharides for Their Hypoglycemic Activities and Effects on Gut Microbiota in Mice. Front Nutr 2021; 8:769181. [PMID: 34805250 PMCID: PMC8596442 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.769181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to extract polysaccharides from pumpkin, characterize the structures of four of them, and evaluate their in vitro antioxidant and hypoglycemic activities. Additionally, an animal model of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) was established and used to determine their hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects in vivo, and the underlying mechanisms related to the regulation of gut microbiota. Water-extracted crude pumpkin polysaccharides (W-CPPs), water extraction and alcohol precipitation crude pumpkin polysaccharides (WA-CPPs), deproteinized pumpkin polysaccharides (DPPs), and refined pumpkin polysaccharides (RPPs) were sequentially extracted and purified from pumpkin powder by hot water extraction, water extraction, and alcohol precipitation, deproteinization and DEAE-52 cellulose gel column, respectively. The extraction and purification methods had significant influence on the extraction yield, physicochemical properties, and in vitro antioxidant and hypoglycemic activities. W-CCP and RPPs had a significant positive free radical-scavenging capacities and inhibitory activities on α-glucosidase and α-amylase. RPP-3 not only inhibited the uptake of glucose in Caco-2 monolayer but also promoted the excretion of glucose, while RPP-2 had no inhibitory effect. Animal experiment results showed that W-CPP treatment significantly improved the T2DM symptoms in mice, which included lowering of fasting blood glucose (FBG), reducing insulin resistance (IR), and lowering of blood lipid levels. It increased the diversity of intestinal flora and reduced the harmful flora of model mice, which included Clostridium, Thermoanaerobe, Symbiotic bacteria, Deinococcus, Vibrio haematococcus, Proteus gamma, and Corio. At the family level, W-CPP (1,200 mg/kg) treatment significantly reduced the abundance of Erysipelotrichaceae, and the Akkermanaceae of Verrucobacterium became a biomarker. Pumpkin polysaccharides reshaped the intestinal flora by reducing Erysipelotrichaceae and increasing Akkermansia abundance, thereby improving blood glucose and lipid metabolism in the T2DM mice. Our results suggest that W-CCP and RPP-3 possess strong antioxidant and hypoglycemic activities, and are potential candidates for food additives or natural medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Qing Wu
- Wuhan Functional Food Engineering and Technology Research Center, School of Laboratory Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhi-Li Ma
- Wuhan Functional Food Engineering and Technology Research Center, School of Laboratory Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - De-Xin Zhang
- Wuhan Functional Food Engineering and Technology Research Center, School of Laboratory Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Ping Wu
- Wuhan Functional Food Engineering and Technology Research Center, School of Laboratory Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuan-Hua Guo
- Wuhan Functional Food Engineering and Technology Research Center, School of Laboratory Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Fang Yang
- Wuhan Functional Food Engineering and Technology Research Center, School of Laboratory Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - De-Yuan Li
- Wuhan Functional Food Engineering and Technology Research Center, School of Laboratory Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
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Liu G, Wei P, Tang Y, Pang Y, Sun J, Li J, Rao C, Wu C, He X, Li L, Ling D, Chen X. Evaluation of Bioactive Compounds and Bioactivities in Plum ( Prunus salicina Lindl.) Wine. Front Nutr 2021; 8:766415. [PMID: 34790690 PMCID: PMC8591244 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.766415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
With the increase in demand of fruit wine year by year, it is necessary to develop novel fruit wine with high functional activities. Prunus salicina Lindl. (named as Niuxin plum) is a remarkable material for brewing fruit wine owing to its suitable sugar-acid ratio, characteristic aroma and bioactive compounds. This study intends to modify the fermentation technology, identify and quantify nutritional compositions and volatile profiles, as well as bioactive substances in Niuxin plum wine, as well as evaluate the antioxidant and hypoglycemic activities in vitro of major bioactive components from Niuxin plum wine. According to single-factor and orthogonal tests, the optimal fermentation conditions of 13.1% vol Niuxin plum wine should be Saccharomyces cerevisiae Lalvin EC1118 at 0.1% and a fermentation temperature of 20°C for 7 days. A total of 17 amino acids, 9 mineral elements, 4 vitamins, and 55 aromatic components were detected in plum wine. Polysaccharides from Niuxin plum wine (named as NPWPs) served as the major bioactive components. The NPWP with a molecular weight over 1,000 kDa (NPWP-10) demonstrated extraordinary DPPH free radical scavenging capacity and α-glucosidase inhibitory activity among all NPWPs having different molecular weight. Moreover, the structural characterization of NPWP-10 was also analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra studies. NPWP-10 was composed of mannose, rhamnose, arabinose, galactose and galacturonic acid with molar ratios of 2.570:1.775:1.045:1.037:1. NPWP-10 contained α-configuration as the main component and β-configuration as the auxiliary component. This study highlights NPWP-10 is an importantly biological polysaccharide from Niuxin plum wine, as well as provides a scientific basis for developing the plum wine industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoming Liu
- Agro-Food Science and Technology Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetables Storage-Processing Technology, Nanning, China
| | - Ping Wei
- Agro-Food Science and Technology Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetables Storage-Processing Technology, Nanning, China
| | - Yayuan Tang
- Agro-Food Science and Technology Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetables Storage-Processing Technology, Nanning, China
| | - Yiyang Pang
- Agro-Food Science and Technology Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, China
| | - Jian Sun
- Agro-Food Science and Technology Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetables Storage-Processing Technology, Nanning, China
| | - Jiemin Li
- Agro-Food Science and Technology Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetables Storage-Processing Technology, Nanning, China
| | - Chuanyan Rao
- Agro-Food Science and Technology Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetables Storage-Processing Technology, Nanning, China
| | - Cuiqiong Wu
- Agro-Food Science and Technology Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetables Storage-Processing Technology, Nanning, China
| | - Xuemei He
- Agro-Food Science and Technology Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetables Storage-Processing Technology, Nanning, China
| | - Li Li
- Agro-Food Science and Technology Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetables Storage-Processing Technology, Nanning, China
| | - Dongning Ling
- Agro-Food Science and Technology Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetables Storage-Processing Technology, Nanning, China
| | - Xi Chen
- Agro-Food Science and Technology Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetables Storage-Processing Technology, Nanning, China
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Grácio M, Rocha J, Pinto R, Boavida Ferreira R, Solas J, Eduardo‐Figueira M, Sepodes B, Ribeiro AC. A proposed lectin-mediated mechanism to explain the in Vivo antihyperglycemic activity of γ-conglutin from Lupinus albus seeds. Food Sci Nutr 2021; 9:5980-5996. [PMID: 34760231 PMCID: PMC8565248 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.2520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Experiments conducted in vitro and in vivo, as well as clinical trials for hypoglycemic therapeutics, support the hypoglycemic properties of the lectin γ-conglutin, a Lupinus seed storage protein, by a mechanism not yet been clarified. Structural studies established that binding of γ-conglutin, in native and denatured form, to insulin occurs by a strong binding that resists rupture when 0.4 M NaCl and 0.4 M galactose are present, suggesting that strong electrostatic interactions are involved. Studies on binding of γ-conglutin in native and denatured form to HepG2 membrane glycosylated receptors were conducted, which reveal that only the native form of γ-conglutin with lectin activity is capable of binding to these receptors. Glycosylated insulin receptors were detected on purified HepG2 cell membranes and characterized by 1D and 2D analyses. Preclinical assays with male mice (CD-1) indicated that native and denatured γ-conglutins display antihyperglycemic effect, decreasing glucose in blood comparable after 120 min to that exhibited by the animal group treated with metformin, used to treat T2D and used as a positive control. Measurement of organ injury/functional biomarkers (hepatic, pancreatic, renal, and lipid profile) was comparable to that of metformin treatment or even better in terms of safety endpoints (pancreatic and hepatic biomarkers).
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Affiliation(s)
- Madalena Grácio
- Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade de LisboaLisboaPortugal
- Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food (LEAF)University of Lisbon Higher Institute of AgronomyLisbonPortugal
| | - João Rocha
- Research Institute for Medicines and Pharmaceutical Sciences (iMed.UL) and Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade de LisboaLisboaPortugal
| | - Rui Pinto
- Research Institute for Medicines and Pharmaceutical Sciences (iMed.UL) and Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade de LisboaLisboaPortugal
- JCS Dr Joaquim Chaves Lab Análises ClínicasAlgésPortugal
| | - Ricardo Boavida Ferreira
- Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food (LEAF)University of Lisbon Higher Institute of AgronomyLisbonPortugal
| | - João Solas
- Research Institute for Medicines and Pharmaceutical Sciences (iMed.UL) and Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade de LisboaLisboaPortugal
- HTRC‐Health and Technology Research CenterESTeSLInstituto Superior TécnicoUniversidade de LisboaLisboaPortugal
| | - Maria Eduardo‐Figueira
- Research Institute for Medicines and Pharmaceutical Sciences (iMed.UL) and Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade de LisboaLisboaPortugal
| | - Bruno Sepodes
- Research Institute for Medicines and Pharmaceutical Sciences (iMed.UL) and Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade de LisboaLisboaPortugal
| | - Ana Cristina Ribeiro
- Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade de LisboaLisboaPortugal
- Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food (LEAF)University of Lisbon Higher Institute of AgronomyLisbonPortugal
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Yang HR, Chen LH, Zeng YJ. Structure, Antioxidant Activity and In Vitro Hypoglycemic Activity of a Polysaccharide Purified from Tricholoma matsutake. Foods 2021; 10:2184. [PMID: 34574294 PMCID: PMC8465006 DOI: 10.3390/foods10092184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The structure, antioxidant activity and hypoglycemic activity in vitro of a novel homogeneous polysaccharide from Tricholoma matsutake (Tmp) were investigated. Structural features suggested that Tmp was consisted of arabinose (Ara), mannose (Man), glucose (Glc) and galactose (Gal) with a molar ratio of 1.9:13.6:42.7:28.3, respectively, with a molecular weight of 72.14 kDa. The structural chain of Tmp was confirmed to contain →2,5)-α-l-Arabinofuranose (Araf)-(1→, →3,5)-α-l-Araf-(1→, β-d-Glucopyranose (Glcp)-(1→, α-d-Mannopyranose (Manp)-(1→, α-d-Galacopyranose (Galp)-(1→, →4)-β-d-Galp-(1→, →3)-β-d-Glcp-(1→, →3)-α-d-Manp-(1→, →6)-3-O-Methyl (Me)-α-d-Manp-(1→, →6)-α-d-Galp-(1→, →3,6)-β-d-Glcp-(1→, →6)-α-d-Manp-(1→ residues. Furthermore, Tmp possessed strong antioxidant activity and showed the strong inhibitory effect on α-glucosidase and α-amylase activities. Then, a further evaluation found that there was a dramatic improvement in the glucose consumption, glycogen synthesis and the activities of pyruvate kinase and hexokinase when the insulin-resistant-human hepatoma cell line (IR-HepG2) was treated with Tmp. The above results indicated that Tmp had good hypoglycemic activity and also exhibited great potentials in in terms of dealing with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ying-Jie Zeng
- College of Food Science & Technology, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China; (H.-R.Y.); (L.-H.C.)
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50
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Bairagi KM, Younis NS, Emeka PM, Sangtani E, Gonnade RG, Venugopala KN, Alwassil OI, Khalil HE, Nayak SK. Antidiabetic Activity of Dihydropyrimidine Scaffolds and Structural Insight by Single Crystal X-ray Studies. Med Chem 2021; 16:996-1003. [PMID: 31880253 DOI: 10.2174/1573406416666191227123048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Revised: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This research project is designed to identify the anti-diabetic effects of the newly synthesized compounds to conclude the perspective of consuming one or more of these new synthetic compounds for diabetes management. INTRODUCTION A series of dihydropyrimidine (DHPM) derivative bearing electron releasing and electron-withdrawing substituent's on phenyl ring (a-j) were synthesized and screened for antihyperglycemic( anti-diabetic) activity on streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetic rat model. The newly synthesized compounds were characterized by using FT-IR, melting point, 1H and 13C NMR analysis. The crystal structure and supramolecular features were analyzed through single-crystal X-ray study. Anti-diabetic activity testing of newly prepared DHPM scaffolds was mainly based on their relative substituent on the phenyl ring along with urea and thiourea. Among the synthesized DHPM scaffold, the test compound c having chlorine group on phenyl ring at the ortho position to the hydropyrimidine ring with urea and methyl acetoacetate derivative shows moderate lowering of glucose level. However, the title compounds methyl 4-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)- 6-methyl-2-thioxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrimidine-5-carboxylate(g) and ethyl 4-(3-ethoxy-4- hydroxyphenyl)-6-methyl-2-oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrimidine-5-carboxylate(h) having methoxy and ethoxy substituents on phenyl ring show significant hypoglycemic activity compared to the remaining compounds from the Scheme 1. METHODS The experimental rat models for the study were divided into 13 groups (n = 10); group 1 animals were treated with 0.5% CMC (0.5mL) (vehicle); group 2 were considered the streptozotocin (STZ)/nicotinamide diabetic control group (DC) and untreated, group 3 diabetic animals were administered with gliclazide 50 mg/kg and act as a reference drug group. The remaining groups of the diabetic animals were administered with the newly synthesized dihydropyrimidine compounds in a single dose of 50 mg/kg orally using the oral gavage, daily for 7 days continuously. The blood glucose level was measured before and 72 hrs after nicotinamide-STZ injection, for confirmation of hyperglycemia and type 2 diabetes development. RESULTS Blood glucose levels were significantly (p<0.05) reduced after treatment with these derivatives. The mean percentage reduction for gliclazide was 50%, while that of synthesized compounds were approximately 36%. CONCLUSION Our result suggests that the synthesized new DHPM derivative containing alkoxy group on the phenyl ring shows a significant lowering of glucose level compared to other derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keshab M Bairagi
- Department of Chemistry, Visvesvaraya National Institute of Technology, Nagpur 440010, Maharashtra, India
| | - Nancy S Younis
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia,Department of Pharmacology, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Promise M Emeka
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Ekta Sangtani
- Center for Materials Characterisation, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. HomiBhabha Road, Pune 411 008, India
| | - Rajesh G Gonnade
- Center for Materials Characterisation, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. HomiBhabha Road, Pune 411 008, India
| | - Katharigatta N Venugopala
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia,Department of Biotechnology and Food Technology, Durban University of Technology, Durban 4001, South Africa
| | - Osama I Alwassil
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hany E Khalil
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia,Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University; Minia, 61519, Egypt
| | - Susanta K Nayak
- Department of Chemistry, Visvesvaraya National Institute of Technology, Nagpur 440010, Maharashtra, India
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