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Wang L, Chi EZ, Zhao XH. Valorization of cell wall polysaccharides extracted from Liubao brick tea residues: chemical, structural, and hypoglycemic properties. J Sci Food Agric 2024. [PMID: 38597456 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.13526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tea dregs, typically generated during the production of instant tea or tea beverages, have conventionally been regarded as waste material and routinely discarded. Nevertheless, contemporary research endeavors are concentrating on discovering efficient methods for utilizing the potential of this discarded resource. RESULTS In this study, we employed a sequential extraction method using chemical chelating agents to extract and isolate four distinct cell wall polysaccharides, designated as CWTPS-1 through CWTPS-4, from the tea dregs of Liubao brick tea. A comprehensive investigation into their physicochemical, structural, and hypoglycemic properties was conducted. The analysis of chemical composition and physicochemical characteristics revealed that all four CWTPSs were characterized as acidic polysaccharides, albeit with varying chemical compositions and physicochemical attributes. Specifically, the xyloglucan fractions, CWTPS-3 and CWTPS-4, were found to be rich in glucose and xylose, displaying a more uniform molecular weight distribution, greater structural stability, and a more irregular surface compared to the others. Moreover, they exhibited a higher diversity of monosaccharide residues. Importantly, our research unveiled that all four CWTPSs exhibited the capacity to modulate key glucose-regulated and antioxidant enzyme activities within HepG2 cells via the IRS-1-PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, thereby ameliorating cellular insulin resistance. Furthermore, our correlation analysis highlighted significant associations between monosaccharide composition and neutral sugar content with the observed hypoglycemic activity of CWTPSs. CONCLUSION This study highlights the potential of utilizing tea dregs as a valuable resource, making a significant contribution to the advancement of the tea industry. Furthermore, CWTPS-4 exhibits promising prospects for further development as a functional food ingredient or additive. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Wang
- School of Biology and Food Engineering, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming, China
| | - En-Zhong Chi
- School of Biology and Food Engineering, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming, China
| | - Xin-Huai Zhao
- School of Biology and Food Engineering, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming, China
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Chen Z, Chen Y, Liang J, Sun Z, Zhao H, Huang Y. The Release and Migration of Cr in the Soil under Alternating Wet-Dry Conditions. Toxics 2024; 12:140. [PMID: 38393235 PMCID: PMC10891877 DOI: 10.3390/toxics12020140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
In recent decades, chromium contamination in soil has emerged as a serious environmental issue, demanding an exploration of chromium's behavioral patterns in different soil conditions. This study aims to simulate the release, migration, and environmental impact of chromium (Cr) in contaminated soils under natural rainfall conditions (wet-dry cycles). Clean soils sourced from Panzhihua were used to cultivate chromium-containing soils. Simulated rainfall, prepared in the laboratory, was applied to the cultivated chromium-containing soils in indoor simulated leaching experiments. The experiments simulated three years of rainfall in Panzhihua. The results indicate that soils with higher initial Cr contents result in higher Cr concentrations in the leachate, but all soils exhibit a low cumulative Cr release. The leachate shows similar patterns in total organic carbon (TOC), pH, electrical conductivity, and Cr content changes. An analysis of the speciation of Cr in the soil after leaching reveals a significant decrease in the exchangeable fraction for each Cr species, while the residual and oxidizable Cr fractions exhibit notable increases. The wet-dry cycle has the following effects on the soil: it induces internal reduction reactions in the soil, leading to the reduction of Cr(VI) to Cr(III); it alters the binding of Cr ions to the soil, affecting the migration of chromium; and it involves microorganisms in chemical processes that consume organic matter in the soil. After three years of rainwater leaching, chromium-containing soils released a relatively low cumulative amount of total chromium, resulting in a reduced potential risk of groundwater system contamination. Most of the chromium in the chromium-containing soil is fixed within the soil, leading to less biotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, College of Geosciences, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China; (Z.C.); (Y.C.); (H.Z.)
| | - Ying Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, College of Geosciences, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China; (Z.C.); (Y.C.); (H.Z.)
| | - Jing Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Collaborative Control and Joint Remediation of Soil and Water Pollution, College of Ecology and Environment, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China; (J.L.); (Z.S.)
| | - Zhiyu Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Collaborative Control and Joint Remediation of Soil and Water Pollution, College of Ecology and Environment, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China; (J.L.); (Z.S.)
| | - Haoren Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, College of Geosciences, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China; (Z.C.); (Y.C.); (H.Z.)
| | - Yi Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, College of Geosciences, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China; (Z.C.); (Y.C.); (H.Z.)
- State Key Laboratory of Collaborative Control and Joint Remediation of Soil and Water Pollution, College of Ecology and Environment, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China; (J.L.); (Z.S.)
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Paniagua-García AI, Ruano-Rosa D, Díez-Antolínez R. Fractionation of High-Value Compounds from Hops Using an Optimised Sequential Extraction Procedure. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 13:45. [PMID: 38247470 PMCID: PMC10812624 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13010045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
This study describes the development and optimisation of a process for the extraction and fractionation of high-value compounds from hops. Firstly, the efficacy of ten organic solvents was compared for performing the initial solid-liquid extraction of compounds from hop pellets with subsequent fractionation steps. A methanol-dichloromethane mixture was selected and the extraction variables were optimised in order to maximise the recovery of valuable hop compounds separated into different streams (α- and β-acids in soft resins, xanthohumol in hard resins, and phenolics in spent solids) after fractionation steps. The optimisation results showed that extraction of hop pellets performed at room temperature with 19.7% (v/v) methanol for 89 min yielded recoveries of 86.57% α-acids and 89.14% β-acids in soft resins, 78.48% xanthohumol in hard resins and 67.10% phenolics in spent solids. These conditions were successfully validated using six hop varieties. Moreover, the antioxidant properties of all recovered fractions were compared and the soft resins showed the highest antioxidant activities, reaching values of 3.91 ± 0.10 g AAE/100 g for ferric reducing power (FRAP) and 0.10 ± 0.01 mg/mL for 50% of radical scavenging activity (EC50). The optimised sequential extraction could serve as a basis for larger scale-up for industrial production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana I. Paniagua-García
- Centre of Biofuels and Bioproducts, Agricultural Technological Institute of Castilla y León, Villarejo de Órbigo, E-24358 León, Spain;
| | - David Ruano-Rosa
- Agricultural Technological Institute of Castilla y León, Ctra. De Burgos, Km 119, E-47071 Valladolid, Spain;
| | - Rebeca Díez-Antolínez
- Centre of Biofuels and Bioproducts, Agricultural Technological Institute of Castilla y León, Villarejo de Órbigo, E-24358 León, Spain;
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Berzosa A, Delso C, Sanz J, Sánchez-Gimeno C, Raso J. Sequential extraction of compounds of interest from yeast biomass assisted by pulsed electric fields. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1197710. [PMID: 37214279 PMCID: PMC10192903 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1197710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
One strategy to reduce cost and improve feasibility of waste-yeast biomass valorization is to obtain a spectrum of marketable products rather than just a single one. This study explores the potential of Pulsed Electric Fields (PEF) for the development of a cascade process designed to obtain several valuable products from Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast biomass. Yeast biomass was treated by PEF, which affected the viability of 50%, 90%, and over 99% of S. cerevisiae cells, depending on treatment intensity. Electroporation caused by PEF allowed access to the cytoplasm of the yeast cell without causing total breakdown of the cell structure. This outcome was an essential prerequisite to be able to perform a sequential extraction of several value-added biomolecules from yeast cells located in the cytosol and in the cell wall. After incubating yeast biomass previously subjected to a PEF treatment that affected the viability of 90% of cells for 24 h, an extract with 114.91 ± 2.86, 7.08 ± 0.64, and 187.82 ± 3.75 mg/g dry weight of amino acids, glutathione, and protein, respectively, was obtained. In a second step, the extract rich in cytosol components was removed after 24 h of incubation and the remaining cell biomass was re-suspended with the aim of inducing cell wall autolysis processes triggered by the PEF treatment. After 11 days of incubation, a soluble extract containing mannoproteins and pellets rich in β-glucans were obtained. In conclusion, this study proved that electroporation triggered by PEF permitted the development of a cascade procedure designed to obtain a spectrum of valuable biomolecules from S. cerevisiae yeast biomass while reducing the generation of waste.
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Becher M, Kalembasa D, Kalembasa S, Symanowicz B, Jaremko D, Matyszczak A. A New Method for Sequential Fractionation of Nitrogen in Drained Organic (Peat) Soils. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2023; 20:2367. [PMID: 36767734 PMCID: PMC9915033 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20032367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess the transformation of organic matter in organic soils undergoing a phase of secondary transformation, based on a new method of nitrogen compound fractionation. Laboratory tests were carried out for 31 layers of muck (after secondary transformation) and peat (parent material of the soil) of drained organic soils (peat). The new method consists of sequential extraction in the following steps: (1) 0.5 M K2SO4 (extraction at room temperature); (2) 0.25 M H2SO4 (hot hydrolysis) (3) 3.0 M H2SO4 (hot hydrolysis); and (4) concentrated H2SO4 (mineralization of the post-extraction residue). As a result of the extraction process, the following fractions (operating forms) were obtained: mineral nitrogen (Nmin), dissolved organic nitrogen (N-DON), readily hydrolyzing organic nitrogen (N-RH), non-readily hydrolyzing organic nitrogen (N-NRH), and non-hydrolyzing organic nitrogen (N-NH). The study demonstrates the usefulness of the applied method for assessing the degree of secondary transformation of drained organic soils. The obtained results of nitrogen fractionation indicate the significant dynamics of nitrogen forms' transformations and a significant relationship between these forms and soil properties. Nitrogen transformation processes during the secondary transformation process after dehydration resulted in an increase in the share of N-DON (on average: 1.47% of Norg for the peat layers and 2.97% of Norg for the muck layers) and in an increase in the share of NRHON (on average: 20.7% of Norg for the peat layers and 33.5% of Norg for the muck layers). The method of sequential nitrogen fractionation used in our study allowed us to define an index determining the degree of transformation of organic matter in peat after drying. We defined it as the ratio of readily hydrolyzable forms (the fraction is very variable in the secondary transformation process) to non-readily hydrolyzable forms (relatively stable fraction in the secondary transformation process): N-RH/N-NRH. The average value of this index was significantly lower in the peat layers (0.64 on average) than in the muck beds (1.04 on average). The value of this index is significantly correlated with soil properties: bulk density (R2 = 0.470); general porosity (R2 = 0.503); total carbon content (TC) (R2 = 0.425); total carbon to total nitrogen ratio (TC/TN) (R2 = 0.619); and share of carbon of humic substances (C-HS) (R2 = 0.466). We believe that the method of sequential nitrogen fractionation may be useful for other soils and organic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Becher
- Faculty of Agrobioengineering and Animal Husbandry, Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, B. Prusa 14 St., 08-110 Siedlce, Poland
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Islam MS, Phoungthong K, Ismail Z, Othman IK, Shahid S, Ishak DSM, Abu Bakar A, Kasiman EH, Ali MM, Kabir MH, Ezewudo BI, Idris AM. Trace element speciation in sludge: a preliminary study to assess contamination levels in the sewage network. J Environ Sci Health A Tox Hazard Subst Environ Eng 2023; 57:1073-1083. [PMID: 36644961 DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2022.2148811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The spreading of sewage sludge from wastewater treatment plants and various industries arouses the growing interest due to the contamination by trace elements. Sludges were collected from one sewage treatment plant and two industries in Dhaka City, Bangladesh to assess physicochemical parameters and total and fraction content of trace elements like Cr, Ni, Cu, As, Cd, Pb, Fe, Mn and Zn in sludges. We evaluated the bioavailability of theses metals by determining their speciation by sequential extraction, each metal being distributed among five fractions: exchangeable fraction, bound to carbonate fraction, Fe-Mn oxide bound fraction, organic matter bound fraction and residual fractions. We found that all the analyzed sludges had satisfactory properties from an agronomic quality point of view. The average concentration (mg/kg) of trace metals in sludge samples were in the following decreasing order Fe (12807) > Cr (200) > Mn (158) > Zn (132) > Cu (68.2) > Ni (42.5) > Pb (36.4) > As (35.1) > Cd (3.7). The results of the sequential extraction showed that Cr, Ni, Cu, Fe and Mn were largely associated with the residual fraction where As, Cd and Pb was dominantly associated with the exchangeable and carbonate bound fractions and Zn showed a considerable proportion in carbonate bound fraction. These results showed that regulations must take into account the bioavailability with regard to the characteristics of the agricultural soils on which sludge will be spread.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Saiful Islam
- Environmental Assessment and Technology for Hazardous Waste Management Research Center, Faculty of Environmental Management, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
- Department of Soil Science, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Patuakhali, Bangladesh
- Centre for River and Coastal Engineering (CRCE), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Johor Bahru, Malaysia
| | - Khamphe Phoungthong
- Environmental Assessment and Technology for Hazardous Waste Management Research Center, Faculty of Environmental Management, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Zulhilmi Ismail
- Centre for River and Coastal Engineering (CRCE), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Johor Bahru, Malaysia
- School of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Johor Bahru, Malaysia
| | - Ilya Khairanis Othman
- Centre for River and Coastal Engineering (CRCE), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Johor Bahru, Malaysia
- School of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Johor Bahru, Malaysia
| | - Shamsuddin Shahid
- Centre for River and Coastal Engineering (CRCE), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Johor Bahru, Malaysia
- School of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Johor Bahru, Malaysia
| | - Daeng Siti Maimunah Ishak
- Centre for River and Coastal Engineering (CRCE), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Johor Bahru, Malaysia
- School of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Johor Bahru, Malaysia
| | - Amyrhul Abu Bakar
- Centre for River and Coastal Engineering (CRCE), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Johor Bahru, Malaysia
- School of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Johor Bahru, Malaysia
| | - Erwan Hafizi Kasiman
- Centre for River and Coastal Engineering (CRCE), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Johor Bahru, Malaysia
- School of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Johor Bahru, Malaysia
| | - Mir Mohammad Ali
- Department of Aquaculture, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md Humayun Kabir
- Department of Environmental Science and Resource Management, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Tangail, Bangladesh
| | - Bede Izuchukwu Ezewudo
- Department of Zoology and Environmental Biology (Hydrobiology/aquatic Sciences Research Unit), Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
- Department of Zoology (Hydrobiology and Fisheries Research Unit), Faculty of Biosciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria
| | - Abubakr M Idris
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
- Research Center for Advanced Materials Science (RCAMS), King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
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Jia Y, Xiao T, Sun J, Ning Z, Xiao E, Lan X, Chen Y. Calcium Enhances Thallium Uptake in Green Cabbage ( Brassica oleracea var. capitata L.). Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 20:4. [PMID: 36612325 PMCID: PMC9819253 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20010004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Thallium (Tl) is a nonessential and toxic trace metal that is detrimental to plants, but it can be highly up-taken in green cabbage (Brassica oleracea L. var. capitata L.). It has been proven that there is a significant positive correlation between Tl and Calcium (Ca) contents in plants. However, whether Ca presents a similar role for alleviating Tl toxicity in plants remains unclear, and little is known in terms of evidence for both Ca-enhanced uptake of Tl from soils to green cabbage and associated geochemical processes. In this study, we investigated the influence of Ca in soils on Tl uptake in green cabbage and the associated geochemical process. The pot experiments were conducted in 12 mg/kg Tl(I) and 8 mg/kg Tl(III) treatments with various Ca dosages. The results showed that Ca in soils could significantly enhance Tl uptake in green cabbage, increasing 210% in content over the control group. The soluble concentrations of Tl were largely increased by 210% and 150%, respectively, in 3.0 g/kg Ca treatment, compared with the corresponding treatment without Ca addition. This was attributed to the geochemical process in which the enhanced soluble Ca probably replaces Tl held on the soil particles, releasing more soluble Tl into the soil solution. More interestingly, the bioconcentration factor of the leaves and whole plant for the 2.0, 2.5, 3.0 g/kg Ca dosage group were greatly higher than for the non-Ca treatment, which could reach 207%, implying the addition of Ca can improve the ability of green cabbage to transfer Tl from the stems to the leaves. Furthermore, the pH values dropped with the increasing Ca concentration treatment, and the lower pH in soils also increased Tl mobilization, which resulted in Tl accumulation in green cabbage. Therefore, this work not only informs the improvement of agricultural safety management practices for the farming of crops in Tl-polluted and high-Ca-content areas, but also provides technical support for the exploitation of Ca-assisted phytoextraction technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanlong Jia
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Hanshan Normal University, Chaozhou 521041, China
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Guizhou Institute of Technology, Guiyang 550002, China
| | - Tangfu Xiao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jialong Sun
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Guizhou Institute of Technology, Guiyang 550002, China
| | - Zengping Ning
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550002, China
| | - Enzong Xiao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xiaolong Lan
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Hanshan Normal University, Chaozhou 521041, China
| | - Yuxiao Chen
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
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Petibon F, Wiesenberg GLB. Characterization of complex photosynthetic pigment profiles in European deciduous tree leaves by sequential extraction and reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. Front Plant Sci 2022; 13:957606. [PMID: 36311078 PMCID: PMC9605812 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.957606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Leaf pigments, including chlorophylls and carotenoids, are important biochemical indicators of plant photosynthesis and photoprotection. In this study, we developed, optimized, and validated a sequential extraction and liquid chromatography-diode array detection method allowing for the simultaneous quantification of the main photosynthetic pigments, including chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, β-carotene, lutein, neoxanthin, and the xanthophyll cycle (VAZ), as well as the characterization of plant pigment derivatives. Chromatographic separation was accomplished with the newest generation of core-shell columns revealing numerous pigment derivatives. The sequential extraction allowed for a better recovery of the main pigments (+25 % chlorophyll a, +30 % chlorophyll b, +42 % β-carotene, and 61% xanthophylls), and the characterization of ca. 5.3 times more pigment derivatives (i.e., up to 62 chlorophyll and carotenoid derivatives including isomers) than with a single-step extraction. A broad working range of concentrations (300-2,000 ng.mL-1) was achieved for most pigments and their derivatives and the limit of detection was as low as a few nanograms per milliliter. The method also showed adequate trueness (RSD < 1%) and intermediate precision (RSD < 5%). The method was developed and validated with spinach leaves and their extracts. The method was successfully performed on leaf pigment extracts of European deciduous tree species. Within a case study using Fagus sylvatica L. leaves, pigment derivatives revealed a high within-individual tree variability throughout the growing season that could not be detected using the main photosynthetic pigments alone, eventually showing that the method allowed for the monitoring of pigment dynamics at unprecedented detail.
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Huang Y, Liu J, Wang G, Bi X, Sun G, Wu X, Wang Q, Li Z. Concentrations, Speciation, and Potential Release of Hazardous Heavy Metals from the Solid Combustion Residues of Coal-Fired Power Plants. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 19:12617. [PMID: 36231915 PMCID: PMC9566641 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191912617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Hazardous heavy metal-laden coal combustion byproducts exposed to precipitation or surface/groundwater are of environmental concern. This study analyzed fly ash (FA) and desulfurization gypsum (FGD gypsum) samples obtained from 16 coal-fired power plants in Guizhou Province, China. A combination of field and laboratory studies was used to investigate the binding forms of lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), and chromium (Cr) and their leaching characteristics under natural storage conditions. The results showed that there were significant proportions of residual states of these elements in FA (84-99% for Pb, 83-91% for Cd, and 73-97% for Cr), indicating a lack of migration to other environmental media. FGD gypsum contained high proportions of metals in migratable states, but the environmental risks were low due to their very low concentrations. The release of Pb, Cd, and Cr from FA and FGD gypsum into extracts varied according to pH. This is related to the form of each element in the solid and the series of reactions that occurs during the leaching process. However, aside from Cr in FA, all heavy metals in FA and FGD gypsum samples were present in concentrations below the relevant standards for landfill leachate, indicating very low release rates. The Cr levels (206-273 μg/L) in some of the FA extracts were higher than the limits for water pollution from domestic landfill, indicating that Cr in FA poses a leaching risk. The results of field leachate sampling and indoor simulated rainfall experiments further validated these findings, indicating that the release of Cr from stockpiled coal FA is a cause for concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Huang
- School of Resources and Environment, Zunyi Normal College, Zunyi 563006, China
- School of Earth Sciences, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
- MOE Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jinling Liu
- School of Earth Sciences, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Guan Wang
- School of Resources and Environment, Zunyi Normal College, Zunyi 563006, China
- School of Earth Sciences, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Xiangyang Bi
- School of Earth Sciences, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Guangyi Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550081, China
| | - Xian Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550081, China
| | - Qingfeng Wang
- School of Resources and Environment, Zunyi Normal College, Zunyi 563006, China
| | - Zhonggen Li
- School of Resources and Environment, Zunyi Normal College, Zunyi 563006, China
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Dai J, Hu Y, Si Q, Gu Y, Xiao Z, Ge Q, Sha R. Antioxidant and Hypoglycemic Activity of Sequentially Extracted Fractions from Pingguoli Pear Fermentation Broth and Identification of Bioactive Compounds. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27186077. [PMID: 36144810 PMCID: PMC9505173 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27186077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Pear fruits have been reported to contain abundant bioactive compounds and exhibit antidiabetic activity. In this study, Pingguoli pear (Pyrus pyrifolia cv.‘Pingguoli’) fermentation broth was sequentially extracted by five solvents with increasing polarity (petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate, n-butanol, and water) to evaluate its antioxidant and hypothermic activities, and then the main compounds of the fraction with the highest activity were assessed, which might be responsible for such activities. The results showed that the ethyl acetate fraction (EAF) exhibited the highest antioxidant activity according to DPPH (IC50 = 0.238 mg/mL), ABTS (IC50 = 0.293 mg/mL), and FRAP (IC50 = 0.193 mg/mL) assays. The in vitro hypoglycemic activity assay showed that EAF exhibited the strongest inhibitory effect, with IC50 values of 0.34 and 0.95 mg/mL for α-amylase and α-glucosidase, respectively. The glucose consumption in HepG2 cells treated with EAF was significantly increased to 252%, compare with control group. Liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis implied that the main compounds, 3′-C-glucosylisoliquiritigenin, robustside D, caffeic acid, and chlorogenic acid may be potential candidates for the antioxidant and hypoglycemic activities of the EAF. This study suggested that EAF of Pingguoli pear fermentation broth could be utilized for development of potential functional food and antidiabetic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Dai
- School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Chemical and Biological Processing Technology of Farm Products, Zhejiang Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center of Agricultural Biological Resources Biochemical Manufacturing, Hangzhou 310023, China
| | - Yu Hu
- School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China
| | - Qi Si
- School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China
| | - Yifei Gu
- School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China
| | - Zhuqian Xiao
- School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Chemical and Biological Processing Technology of Farm Products, Zhejiang Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center of Agricultural Biological Resources Biochemical Manufacturing, Hangzhou 310023, China
| | - Qin Ge
- School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Chemical and Biological Processing Technology of Farm Products, Zhejiang Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center of Agricultural Biological Resources Biochemical Manufacturing, Hangzhou 310023, China
| | - Ruyi Sha
- School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Chemical and Biological Processing Technology of Farm Products, Zhejiang Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center of Agricultural Biological Resources Biochemical Manufacturing, Hangzhou 310023, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-571-85070390
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Yu C, Hu X, Ahmadi S, Wu D, Xiao H, Zhang H, Ding T, Liu D, Ye X, Chen S, Chen J. Structure and In Vitro Fermentation Characteristics of Polysaccharides Sequentially Extracted from Goji Berry ( Lycium barbarum) Leaves. J Agric Food Chem 2022; 70:7535-7546. [PMID: 35549264 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c01157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Herein, the chelating agent-soluble fraction (CA), sodium carbonate-soluble fraction (SC), and sodium hydroxide-soluble fraction (SH) were sequentially extracted from the cell wall of goji berry (Lycium barbarum) leaves. Furthermore, SC was purified with Q-Sepharose fast flow resin to obtain the neutral sugar fraction (SC-I) and acid sugar fraction (SC-II). Physicochemical properties of polysaccharides were characterized by high-performance anion-exchange chromatography with pulsed amperometry detection, size exclusion chromatography-multi-angle laser light scattering, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance, and atomic force microscopy analysis. Additionally, the impact of polysaccharides on modulating human gut microbiota was investigated by in vitro fermentation. A high amount of galacturonic acid (GalA) in CA showed that it was an aggregation of linear homogalacturonan. SC was the main pectic polysaccharide fraction and rich in neutral sugars. SC-I was the neutral sugar fraction with an extremely high molecular weight (2.055 × 106 Da), while SC-II was the acid sugar fraction with a low molecular weight (1.766 × 105 Da). SH seemed like a mixture of pectin and hemicellulose. All the five polysaccharides significantly (P < 0.05) increased the abundance of Bacteroides, Bifidobacteria, and Lactobacilli. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on the structure and fermentation characteristics of goji berry leaf polysaccharides, which is meaningful to provide a structural basis for further bioactivity research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengxiao Yu
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Ningbo Research Institute, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro Food Processing, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory of Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Xinxin Hu
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Ningbo Research Institute, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro Food Processing, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory of Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Shokouh Ahmadi
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Ningbo Research Institute, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro Food Processing, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory of Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Dongmei Wu
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Ningbo Research Institute, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro Food Processing, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory of Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Hang Xiao
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Ningbo Research Institute, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro Food Processing, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory of Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Huiling Zhang
- Ningxia Key Laboratory for Food Microbial-Applications Technology and Safety Control, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China
| | - Tian Ding
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Ningbo Research Institute, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro Food Processing, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory of Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Donghong Liu
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Ningbo Research Institute, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro Food Processing, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory of Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Xingqian Ye
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Ningbo Research Institute, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro Food Processing, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory of Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
- Zhejiang University Zhongyuan Institute, Zhengzhou 450007, China
- Shandong (Linyi) Institute of Modern Agriculture, Zhejiang University, Linyi 276000, China
| | - Shiguo Chen
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Ningbo Research Institute, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro Food Processing, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory of Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
- Zhejiang University Zhongyuan Institute, Zhengzhou 450007, China
- Shandong (Linyi) Institute of Modern Agriculture, Zhejiang University, Linyi 276000, China
| | - Jianle Chen
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Ningbo Research Institute, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro Food Processing, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory of Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
- Zhejiang University Zhongyuan Institute, Zhengzhou 450007, China
- Shandong (Linyi) Institute of Modern Agriculture, Zhejiang University, Linyi 276000, China
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Parrone D, Ghergo S, Preziosi E, Casentini B. Water-Rock Interaction Processes: A Local Scale Study on Arsenic Sources and Release Mechanisms from a Volcanic Rock Matrix. Toxics 2022; 10:288. [PMID: 35736897 PMCID: PMC9230518 DOI: 10.3390/toxics10060288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic is a potentially toxic element (PTE) that is widely present in groundwater, with concentrations often exceeding the WHO drinking water guideline value (10.0 μg/L), entailing a prominent risk to human health due to long-term exposure. We investigated its origin in groundwater in a study area located north of Rome (Italy) in a volcanic-sedimentary aquifer. Some possible mineralogical sources and main mechanisms governing As mobilization from a representative volcanic tuff have been investigated via laboratory experiments, such as selective sequential extraction and dissolution tests mimicking different release conditions. Arsenic in groundwater ranges from 0.2 to 50.6 μg/L. It does not exhibit a defined spatial distribution, and it shows positive correlations with other PTEs typical of a volcanic environment, such as F, U, and V. Various potential As-bearing phases, such as zeolites, iron oxyhydroxides, calcite, and pyrite are present in the tuff samples. Arsenic in the rocks shows concentrations in the range of 17-41 mg/kg and is mostly associated with a minor fraction of the rock constituted by FeOOH, in particular, low crystalline, containing up to 70% of total As. Secondary fractions include specifically adsorbed As, As-coprecipitated or bound to calcite and linked to sulfides. Results show that As in groundwater mainly originates from water-rock interaction processes. The release of As into groundwater most likely occurs through desorption phenomena in the presence of specific exchangers and, although locally, via the reductive dissolution of Fe oxy-hydroxides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Parrone
- Water Research Institute—National Research Council, IRSA-CNR, Via Salaria km 29.300, PB 10, 00015 Rome, Italy; (S.G.); (E.P.); (B.C.)
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Famuyiwa AO, Davidson CM, Ande S, Oyeyiola AO. Potentially Toxic Elements in Urban Soils from Public-Access Areas in the Rapidly Growing Megacity of Lagos, Nigeria. Toxics 2022; 10:toxics10040154. [PMID: 35448415 PMCID: PMC9025973 DOI: 10.3390/toxics10040154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Rapid urbanization can lead to significant environmental contamination with potentially toxic elements (PTEs). This is of concern because PTEs are accumulative, persistent, and can have detrimental effects on human health. Urban soil samples were obtained from parks, ornamental gardens, roadsides, railway terminals and locations close to industrial estates and dumpsites within the Lagos metropolis. Chromium, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn concentrations were determined using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry following sample digestion with aqua regia and application of the BCR sequential extraction procedure. A wide range of analyte concentrations was found—Cr, 19−1830 mg/kg; Cu, 8−11,700 mg/kg; Fe, 7460−166,000 mg/kg; Mn, 135−6100 mg/kg; Ni, 4−1050 mg/kg; Pb, 10−4340 mg/kg; and Zn, 61−5620 mg/kg—with high levels in areas close to industrial plants and dumpsites. The proportions of analytes released in the first three steps of the sequential extraction were Fe (16%) < Cr (30%) < Ni (46%) < Mn (63%) < Cu (78%) < Zn (80%) < Pb (84%), indicating that there is considerable scope for PTE (re)mobilization. Human health risk assessment indicated non-carcinogenic risk for children and carcinogenic risk for both children and adults. Further monitoring of PTE in the Lagos urban environment is therefore recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abimbola O. Famuyiwa
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G1 1XL, UK; (A.O.F.); (S.A.)
- Department of Science Laboratory Technology, Moshood Abiola Polytechnic, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - Christine M. Davidson
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G1 1XL, UK; (A.O.F.); (S.A.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +44-(0)141-548-2134
| | - Sesugh Ande
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G1 1XL, UK; (A.O.F.); (S.A.)
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Makurdi, Benue State, Nigeria
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Benayad O, Bouhrim M, Tiji S, Kharchoufa L, Addi M, Drouet S, Hano C, Lorenzo JM, Bendaha H, Bnouham M, Mimouni M. Phytochemical Profile, α-Glucosidase, and α-Amylase Inhibition Potential and Toxicity Evaluation of Extracts from Citrus aurantium (L) Peel, a Valuable By-Product from Northeastern Morocco. Biomolecules 2021; 11:1555. [PMID: 34827553 DOI: 10.3390/biom11111555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 10/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to the high volume of peel produced, Citrus by-product processing could be a significant source of phenolic compounds, in addition to essential oil. Citrus fruit residues, which are usually dumped as waste in the environment, could be used as a source of nutraceuticals. Citrus aurantium (L), also known as sour or bitter orange, is a member of the Rutaceae family and is the result of interspecific hybridization between Citrus reticulata and Citrus maxima. The purpose of this study is to chemically and biologically evaluate the peel of C. aurantium, which is considered a solid waste destined for abandonment. To achieve more complete extraction of the phytochemicals, we used a sequential extraction process with Soxhlet using the increasing polarity of solvents (i.e., cyclohexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, acetone, and ethanol–water mixture). Essential oil (EO) from the Citrus peel, which was present at 1.12%, was also prepared by hydrodistillation for comparison. Various phytochemical assays were used to determine the qualitative chemical composition, which was subsequently characterized using GC-MS and HPLC-DAD. The inhibitory effects of C. aurantium peel extract on two enzymes, intestinal α-glucosidase and pancreatic α-amylase, were measured in vitro to determine their potential hypoglycemic and antidiabetic actions. Each extract had a significantly different phytochemical composition. According to GC-MS analyses, which allow the identification of 19 compounds, d-limonene is the most abundant compound in both EO and cyclohexane extract, at 35.17% and 36.15% (w/w). This comparison with hydrodistillation shows the value of the sequential process in extracting this valuable terpene in large quantities while also allowing for the subsequent extraction of other bioactive substances. On the contrary, linoleic acid is abundant (54.35% (w/w)) in ethyl acetate extract (EAE) with a lower amount of d-limonene. HPLC-DAD analysis allows the identification of 11 phytochemicals, with naringenin being the most abundant flavanone, detected in acetone extract (ACE) (23.94% (w/w)), ethanol–water extract mixture (EWE) (28.71% (w/w)), and chloroform extract (CFE) (30.20% (w/w)). Several extracts significantly inhibited α-amylase and/or α-glycosidase in vitro. At a dose of 332 g/mL, ACE, CFE, and EWE inhibited the two enzymes by approximately 98%. There were strong significant correlations between naringenin and α-glucosidase inhibition and between gallic acid and α-amylase inhibition. Molecular docking experiments further verified this. Finally, oral administration of C. aurantium extracts at a dose of 2000 mg/kg did not cause any effect on mice mortality or signs of acute toxicity, indicating that it is non-toxic at these doses. These findings suggest that C. aurantium peels could be a valuable by-product by providing a rich source of non-toxic phytoconstituents, particularly those with potential antidiabetic action that needs to be confirmed in vivo.
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Kowalik R, Widłak M, Widłak A. Sorption of Heavy Metals by Sewage Sludge and Its Mixtures with Soil from Wastewater Treatment Plants Operating in MBR and INR Technology. Membranes (Basel) 2021; 11:706. [PMID: 34564523 DOI: 10.3390/membranes11090706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Sewage sludge is a very complex system, with solids and water. It is generated as waste from wastewater treatment. Sewage sludge is used to fertilize agricultural and forest areas and to rehabilitate devastated areas. It is a good organic fertilizer because it contains significant amounts of nutrients beneficial for plant development and humus-forming substances. The composition of sludge from municipal wastewater treatment plants is similar to soil organic matter, therefore it can be used to improve the physicochemical properties of soil, increasing its sorption capacity. Research material was collected in the Swietokrzyskie and Mazowieckie Voivodships. Sewage sludge was collected from the wastewater treatment plants in Sitkowka Nowiny (Sitkowka) and Kunow, as well as high-quality agricultural soil from Opatowiec and sandy-clay soil from Jastrzebie. Research was carried out on the sorption of heavy metals (Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, Ni, Zn) by mixtures of sewage sludge with soil. The calculations were made for the concentrations of heavy metals in sewage sludge, soil, and sewage sludge–soil mixtures. The geoaccumulation index (Igeo) and the risk assessment code (RAC) were calculated. Increased sorption capacity was demonstrated in samples with a predominance of sewage sludge. It was shown that heavy metals from sewage sludge, after mixing with soil, changed their form from immobile to mobile.
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Pavlović D, Pavlović M, Perović V, Mataruga Z, Čakmak D, Mitrović M, Pavlović P. Chemical Fractionation, Environmental, and Human Health Risk Assessment of Potentially Toxic Elements in Soil of Industrialised Urban Areas in Serbia. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021; 18:9412. [PMID: 34501997 PMCID: PMC8430938 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18179412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The primary focus of this research was the chemical fractionation of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) and their presence in several industrialised cities in Serbia. Furthermore, their origin, contamination levels, and environmental and human health risks were assessed. The results indicated that the examined soils were characterised by slightly higher Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn levels than those set by European and national regulations. These elevated Cu, Pb, and Zn concentrations were caused by intensive traffic and proximity to industry, whereas the higher Ni levels were a result of the specific geological substrate of the soil in the study area. The environmental risk was found to be low and there was no enrichment/contamination of the soil with these elements, except in the case of Pb, for which moderate to significant enrichment was found. Lead also poses a potential non-carcinogenic risk to children through ingestion and requires special attention due to the fact that a significant proportion of this element was present in the tested soil samples in a potentially available form. Analysis of the health risks showed that children are more at risk than adults from contaminants and that ingestion is the riskiest exposure route. The carcinogenic risk was within the acceptable limits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dragana Pavlović
- Department of Ecology, Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”—National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar Despota Stefana 142, Belgrade 11060, Serbia; (M.P.); (V.P.); (Z.M.); (D.Č.); (M.M.); (P.P.)
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Liu G, Hou T, Guo S, Lin H, Chen M, Miao J, Liu X, Huang Y, Cao Y, Lan Y, Song M. Comprehensive Utilization of Immature Honey Pomelo Fruit for the Production of Value-Added Compounds Using Novel Continuous Phase Transition Extraction Technology. Biology (Basel) 2021; 10:815. [PMID: 34440047 DOI: 10.3390/biology10080815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary For the first time, this study investigated the extraction of bioactive substances with different polarities from immature honey pomelo fruit (IPF), a by-product of pomelo planting processing that causes resource waste and environmental pollution, using novel continuous phase transition extraction technology (CPTE). The results showed that CPTE was suitable for extracting essential oil, naringin, and pectin in sequence according to their polarities. The naringin extraction process was optimized by the response surface methodology, resulting in an extract ratio up to 99.47%. Moreover, the pectin extracted from IPF by CPTE showed better quality compared to commercial counterparts, as evidenced by lower protein and ash contents and higher white value. Together, these results suggested that CPTE could be a promising technology to improve the application value of IPF. For instance, the extracted bioactive components can be utilized as nutraceutical food ingredients. The scientific insights from this study will contribute to the development of functional food ingredients and comprehensive utilization of farming by-products. Abstract The immature honey pomelo fruit (IPF) is a huge agro-industrial by-product generated during pomelo planting. Although IPF is rich in nutrients, more than 95% of IPF is discarded annually, which causes resource waste and a serious environmental problem. Here, we report a novel continuous phase transition extraction technology (CPTE) to improve the comprehensive utilization of IPF by sequentially generating high value products and solve pollution problems related to their disposal. First, essential oil was successively extracted by CPTE at a yield of 1.12 ± 0.36%, in which 43 species were identified. Second, naringin extraction parameters were optimized using the response surface methodology (RSM), resulting in a maximum extraction rate of 99.47 ± 0.15%. Finally, pectin was extracted at a yield of 20.23 ± 0.66%, which is similar to the contents of commercial pectin. In conclusion, this study suggested that IPF was an excellent potential substrate for the production of value-added components by CPTE.
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Mohamed H, Marusich E, Afanasev Y, Leonov S. Fatty Acids-Enriched Fractions of Hermetia illucens (Black Soldier Fly) Larvae Fat Can Combat MDR Pathogenic Fish Bacteria Aeromonas spp. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22168829. [PMID: 34445533 PMCID: PMC8396364 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Aeromonas spp. cause many diseases in aquaculture habitats. Hermetia illucens (Hi) larvae were used as feed-in aquacultures and in eradicating pathogenic fish bacteria. In the present study, we applied consecutive extractions of the same biomass of BSFL fat using the acidic water–methanol solution. The major constituents of the sequential extracts (SEs) were free fatty acids (FFAs), and fatty acids derivatives as identified by gas chromatography spectrometry (GC-MS). Our improved procedure enabled gradual enrichment in the unsaturated fatty acids (USFAs) content in our SEs. The present study aimed to compare the composition and antimicrobial properties of SEs. Among actual fish pathogens, A. hydrophila and A. salmonicida demonstrated multiple drug resistance (MDR) against different recommended standard antibiotics: A. salmonicida was resistant to six, while A. hydrophila was resistant to four antibiotics from ten used in the present study. For the first time, we demonstrated the high dose-dependent antibacterial activity of each SE against Aeromonas spp., especially MDR A. salmonicida. The bacteriostatic and bactericidal (MIC/MBC) activity of SEs was significantly enhanced through the sequential extractions. The third sequential extract (AWME3) possessed the highest activity against Aeromonas spp.: inhibition zone diameters were in the range (21.47 ± 0.14–20.83 ± 0.22 mm) at a concentration of 40 mg/mL, MIC values ranged between 0.09 and 0.38 mg/mL for A. hydrophila and A. salmonicida, respectively. AWME3 MBC values recorded 0.19 and 0.38 mg/mL, while MIC50 values were 0.065 ± 0.004 and 0.22 ± 0.005 mg/mL against A. hydrophila and A. salmonicida, respectively. Thus, the larvae fat from Hermitia illucens may serve as an excellent reservoir of bioactive molecules with good capacity to eradicate the multidrug-resistant bacteria, having promising potential for practical application in the aquaculture field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heakal Mohamed
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, School of Biological and Medical Physics, 141700 Dolgoprudny, Russia; (H.M.); (Y.A.)
| | - Elena Marusich
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, School of Biological and Medical Physics, 141700 Dolgoprudny, Russia; (H.M.); (Y.A.)
- Correspondence: (E.M.); (S.L.); Tel.: +7-965-247-1982 (E.M.); +7-915-055-5643 (S.L.)
| | - Yuriy Afanasev
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, School of Biological and Medical Physics, 141700 Dolgoprudny, Russia; (H.M.); (Y.A.)
| | - Sergey Leonov
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, School of Biological and Medical Physics, 141700 Dolgoprudny, Russia; (H.M.); (Y.A.)
- Institute of Cell Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 142290 Pushchino, Russia
- Correspondence: (E.M.); (S.L.); Tel.: +7-965-247-1982 (E.M.); +7-915-055-5643 (S.L.)
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Vodyanitskii Y, Vlasov D. Integrated Assessment of Affinity to Chemical Fractions and Environmental Pollution with Heavy Metals: A New Approach Based on Sequential Extraction Results. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021; 18:8458. [PMID: 34444207 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18168458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
To assess the affinity degree of heavy metals (HMs) to geochemical phases, many indices with several limitations are used. Thus, this study aims to develop a new complex index for assessing contamination level and affinity to chemical fractions in various solid environmental media. For this, a new integrated approach using the chemical affinity index (CAF) is proposed. Comparison of CAF with %F on the literature examples on fractionation of HMs from soils, bottom sediments, atmospheric PM10, and various particle size fractions of road dust proved a less significant role of the residual HMs fraction and a greater contribution of the rest of the chemical fractions in the pollution of all studied environments. This fact is due to the normalization relative to the global geochemical reference standard, calculations of contribution of an individual element to the total pollution by all studied HMs, and contribution of the particular chemical fraction to the total HMs content taken into account in CAF. The CAF index also shows a more significant role in pollution and chemical affinity of mobile and potentially mobile forms of HMs. The strong point of CAF is the stability of the obtained HM series according to the degree of chemical affinity and contamination. Future empirical studies are necessary for the more precise assessment of CAF taking into account the spatial distribution of HMs content, geographic conditions, geochemical factors, the intensity of anthropogenic impact, environmental parameters (temperature, humidity, precipitation, pH value, the content of organic matter, electrical conductivity, particle size distribution, etc.). The combined use of CAF along with other indices allows a more detailed assessment of the strength of HMs binding to chemical phases, which is crucial for understanding the HMs’ fate in the environment.
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Ramesh Kumar A, Vaidya AN, Singh I, Ambekar K, Gurjar S, Prajapati A, Kanade GS, Hippargi G, Kale G, Bodkhe S. Leaching characteristics and hazard evaluation of bottom ash generated from common biomedical waste incinerators. J Environ Sci Health A Tox Hazard Subst Environ Eng 2021; 56:1069-1079. [PMID: 34355647 DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2021.1962159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
India has more than 202 biomedical waste incinerators, however, knowledge on the chemical characteristics of incinerator ash is lacking. The objective of this study was to evaluate the lecahablility characteristics of bottom ash and to study the levels of incineration by-products viz. polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). Bottom ash samples from 13 common biomedical waste treatment facilities (CBMWTF) were colleted and subjected to leachig test, sequential extraction procedure (SEP) and PAHs and PCBs analysis. Among metals, cadmium, chromium, manganese, lead and zinc were found higher than the regulatory limits indicating its hazardous nature. SEP showed that substantial fraction of Cd (30%) and Zn (25%) were associated with leachable fractions, whereas metals such as Cr, Fe, Mn, and Ni were mainly associated with reducible, organics and residual fractions. Concentrations of USEPA 16 priority PAHs ranged between 0.17-12.67 mg kg-1 and the total toxic equivalents (TEQ) were in the range of 0.9-421.9 ng TEQ/g. PAHs with 4-rings dominated all the samples and accounted for 68% to total PAHs concentrations. Concentration of Σ19 PCB congeners ranged from 420.4 to 724.3 µg kg-1. PCBs homologue pattern was dominated by mono- to tetra chlorinated congeners (60-86%). The findings indicate the need for segregation of plastics from biomedical waste, improvement of combustion efficiency, and efficient air pollution control devices for the existing incinerators in CBMWTFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Ramesh Kumar
- CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nagpur, India
| | | | - Ishan Singh
- CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nagpur, India
| | - Kajal Ambekar
- CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nagpur, India
| | - Suyog Gurjar
- CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nagpur, India
| | - Archana Prajapati
- CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nagpur, India
| | | | | | - Ganesh Kale
- CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nagpur, India
| | - Sandeep Bodkhe
- CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nagpur, India
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Sun L, Shen X, Yang J, Dai M, Ali I, Peng C, Naz I. Appraisal of a novel extraction technique for estimation of cadmium content in pea seedlings based on human health risk assessment. Int J Phytoremediation 2021; 24:293-300. [PMID: 34154481 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2021.1935445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a novel extraction and safety evaluation method for heavy metals based on different functions of plants was proposed, and an edible plant (pea) was used as the research material to explore the feasibility of the novel method. Pea sprouts were cultured in cadmium (Cd) concentrations of 0, 1.0, 3.0, and 5.0 mg L-1, respectively. The Cd in pea sprouts was continuously extracted with 100 °C distilled water, 60% ethanol, 6% acetic acid, and simulated gastric juice. It was observed that highest amount of Cd (48.65-58.87%) was found in the extraction of roots with 6% acetic acid, followed by 100 °C distilled water (28.68-37.61%). While in stems, most of the Cd (70.73-85.39%) was extracted by 6% acetic acid. The recovery rate of the sequential chemical extraction technique employed in this experiment was between 93 and 106%. Compared with traditional methods, this study has its development potential in two aspects. First, it can determine which steps of sequential extractions of heavy metals in plants are the most harmful to humans. Secondly, corresponding measures can be taken to reduce heavy metals in vegetables used daily, such as soaking edible vegetables in vinegar for a short time. Novelty statement: In this study, a novel extraction and safety evaluation method for heavy metals based on different functions of plants was proposed, and an edible plant (pea) was used as the research material to explore the feasibility of the novel method. Compared with the commonly used extraction methods, the novel method is more reasonable and has greater development potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Sun
- The Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science and Ecology, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Xing Shen
- The Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science and Ecology, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Jiawei Yang
- The Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science and Ecology, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Min Dai
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Zhaoqing University, Zhaoqing, China
| | - Imran Ali
- The Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science and Ecology, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Changsheng Peng
- The Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science and Ecology, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Zhaoqing University, Zhaoqing, China
| | - Iffat Naz
- Department of Biology, Deanship of Educational Services, Qassim University, Buraidah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA)
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Pavlović P, Sawidis T, Breuste J, Kostić O, Čakmak D, Đorđević D, Pavlović D, Pavlović M, Perović V, Mitrović M. Fractionation of Potentially Toxic Elements (PTEs) in Urban Soils from Salzburg, Thessaloniki and Belgrade: An Insight into Source Identification and Human Health Risk Assessment. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021; 18:ijerph18116014. [PMID: 34205068 PMCID: PMC8199883 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18116014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Concentrations of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) (Al, As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn) were measured in topsoil samples collected from parks in the cities of Salzburg (Austria), Thessaloniki (Greece), and Belgrade (Serbia) in order to assess the distribution of PTEs in the urban environment, discriminate natural (lithogenic) and anthropogenic contributions, identify possible sources of pollution, and compare levels of pollution between the cities. An assessment of the health risks caused by exposure to PTEs through different pathways was also conducted. The study revealed that, with the exception of Pb in Salzburg, levels of PTEs in the soils in polluted urban parks were higher than in unpolluted ones, but still lower than those recorded in other European soils. Results of sequential analyses showed that Al, Cr, and Ni were found in residual phases, proving their predominantly lithogenic origin and their low mobility. In contrast, the influence of anthropogenic factors on Cu, Pb, and Zn was evident. Site-dependent variations showed that the highest concentrations of As, Cu, Pb, and Zn of anthropogenic origin were recorded in Salzburg, while the highest levels of Al, Cr, and Ni of lithogenic origin were recorded in Belgrade and Thessaloniki, which reflects the specificity of the geological substrates. Results obtained for the health risk assessment showed that no human health risk was found for either children or adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavle Pavlović
- Department of Ecology, Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”—National Institute of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar Despota Stefana 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia; (O.K.); (D.Č.); (D.P.); (M.P.); (V.P.); (M.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +381-11-207-8363
| | - Thomas Sawidis
- Department of Botany, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Jürgen Breuste
- Department of Geography and Geology, University of Salzburg, 5010 Salzburg, Austria;
| | - Olga Kostić
- Department of Ecology, Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”—National Institute of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar Despota Stefana 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia; (O.K.); (D.Č.); (D.P.); (M.P.); (V.P.); (M.M.)
| | - Dragan Čakmak
- Department of Ecology, Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”—National Institute of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar Despota Stefana 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia; (O.K.); (D.Č.); (D.P.); (M.P.); (V.P.); (M.M.)
| | - Dragana Đorđević
- Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy—National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Njegoševa 12, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Dragana Pavlović
- Department of Ecology, Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”—National Institute of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar Despota Stefana 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia; (O.K.); (D.Č.); (D.P.); (M.P.); (V.P.); (M.M.)
| | - Marija Pavlović
- Department of Ecology, Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”—National Institute of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar Despota Stefana 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia; (O.K.); (D.Č.); (D.P.); (M.P.); (V.P.); (M.M.)
| | - Veljko Perović
- Department of Ecology, Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”—National Institute of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar Despota Stefana 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia; (O.K.); (D.Č.); (D.P.); (M.P.); (V.P.); (M.M.)
| | - Miroslava Mitrović
- Department of Ecology, Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”—National Institute of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar Despota Stefana 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia; (O.K.); (D.Č.); (D.P.); (M.P.); (V.P.); (M.M.)
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Ramalingam N, Dettmer U. Temperature is a key determinant of alpha- and beta-synuclein membrane interactions in neurons. J Biol Chem 2021; 296:100271. [PMID: 33428933 PMCID: PMC7949061 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.100271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Aggregation of α-synuclein (αS) leads to the hallmark neuropathology of Parkinson's disease (PD) and related synucleinopathies. αS has been described to exist in both cytosolic and membrane-associated forms, the relative abundance of which has remained unsettled. To study αS under the most relevant conditions by a quantitative method, we cultured and matured rodent primary cortical neurons for >17 days and determined αS cytosol:membrane distribution via centrifugation-free sequential extractions based on the weak ionic detergent digitonin. We noticed that at lower temperatures (4 °C or room temperature), αS was largely membrane-associated. At 37 °C, however, αS solubility was markedly increased. In contrast, the extraction of control proteins (GAPDH, cytosolic; calnexin, membrane) was not affected by temperature. When we compared the relative distribution of the synuclein homologs αS and β-synuclein (βS) under various conditions that differed in temperature and digitonin concentration (200-1200 μg/ml), we consistently found αS to be more membrane-associated than βS. Both proteins, however, exhibited temperature-dependent membrane binding. Under the most relevant conditions (37 °C and 800 μg/ml digitonin, i.e., the lowest digitonin concentration that extracted cytosolic GAPDH to near completion), cytosolic distribution was 49.8% ± 9.0% for αS and 63.6% ± 6.6% for βS. PD-linked αS A30P was found to be largely cytosolic, confirming previous studies that had used different methods. Our work highlights the dynamic nature of cellular synuclein behavior and has important implications for protein-biochemical and cell-biological studies of αS proteostasis, such as testing the effects of genetic and pharmacological manipulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagendran Ramalingam
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
| | - Ulf Dettmer
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
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24
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Tsering T, Sillanpää M, Reinikainen SP, Abdel Wahed MSM. Metal Fractionation in Surface Sediments of the Brahmaputra River and Implications for Their Mobilization. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2020; 17:E9214. [PMID: 33317163 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17249214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The Brahmaputra River is the largest tropical river in India that flows along the Himalayan regions and it is the lifeline of millions of people. Metal fractionation in the Brahmaputra River’s surface sediments and its correlation with turbidity are assessed in this study. The interaction between metal fractions and the overlying water is studied using multivariate statistical analyses. The strong positive correlation between NH4 of the overlying water and the exchangeable fractions in sediments signifies that the metals in the exchangeable fractions can be substituted by NH4. Subsequently, these metals can be released into the overlying water. The fluctuation in turbidity from 73 to 875 NTU indicates a large variation in the suspended matter concentration, and a higher concentration of suspended matter could provide attachment sites for pollutants such as metals. Significant variation in turbidity manifests a potentially high risk of pollution. In addition, the observation of local people along the Brahmaputra River turning its color to muddy indicates the need for continuous monitoring of water quality and an assessment of pollution is crucial. Although the Brahmaputra River’s risk assessment code is at low risk, the exchangeable fractions of Ni and Zn are present at all sites. Thus, the Brahmaputra River requires early preventive measures and management strategies to control metal pollution. This study contributes to an understanding of the fluctuation of turbidity of a tropical river. We provide baseline data for policymakers, and the importance of further intensive studies on metal pollution in the Himalayan Rivers is highlighted.
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Xiao X, Erukainure OL, Beseni B, Koorbanally NA, Islam MS. Sequential extracts of red honeybush (Cyclopia genistoides) tea: Chemical characterization, antioxidant potentials, and anti-hyperglycemic activities. J Food Biochem 2020; 44:e13478. [PMID: 32984977 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The antioxidant, antidiabetic, and anti-obesogenic potentials of different extracts (dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, ethanol, and aqueous) of the red honeybush (Cyclopia genistoides) tea were investigated in vitro and ex vivo. All extracts exhibited significant scavenging and reducing power activities, with the aqueous and ethyl acetate extracts being the most potent. In vitro antidiabetic analysis revealed the extracts to be potent inhibitors of α-glucosidase and lipase activities. All extracts increased catalase and SOD activities, and glutathione level in oxidative pancreatic injury. GC-MS analysis revealed the presence of fatty acids, fatty acid ester, phytols, sterols, saccharide, ketones, and triterpenes. These results imply that the sequential extracts of honeybush tea (particularly the aqueous and ethyl acetate extracts) may not only exhibit antioxidant potentials but also mediate anti-hyperglycemia activities by inhibiting lipid and carbohydrate digestion. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Red honeybush tea is enjoyed widely in South Africa and around the world due to its no caffeine and very low tannin content, as well as many healthcare attributes. There are however no scientific reports for its sequential extraction of different solvents on antidiabetic effects. The different extracts of honeybush tea (particularly the aqueous and ethyl acetate extracts) inhibited lipid and carbohydrate digestive enzymes linked to type 2 diabetes (T2D), as well as modulate oxidative pancreatic injury. These findings will promote its utilization as a potential nutraceutical in the management of diabetes and its complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Xiao
- Department of Biochemistry, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Ochuko L Erukainure
- Department of Biochemistry, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa.,Department of Pharmacology, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - Brian Beseni
- Department of Biochemistry, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Neil A Koorbanally
- School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Md Shahidul Islam
- Department of Biochemistry, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
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26
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Jiang S, Wu J, Duan L, Cheng S, Huang J, Chen T. Investigating the Aging Effects of Biochar on Soil C and Si Dissolution and the Interactive Impact on Copper Immobilization. Molecules 2020; 25:E4319. [PMID: 32967080 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25184319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging tests were used to investigate the long-term effects of BC on the immobilization of Cu, and the soil silicon dissolution of three types soils (black soil, (BS), vegetable garden soil (VS) and red soil (RS)). Litchi branch biochars (BC) at 10% (w/w) were incubated with three Cu (400 mg/kg) contaminated soils. The effect on soil properties of pH, soil organic carbon (SOC), dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and available silicon content were investigated, along with the speciation distribution of Cu. The results indicated that SOC, DOC, and available silicon content (except, BC300) increased with the application of BCs. On the other hand, the DTPA (diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid) extractable Cu content in BS, VS and RS soils were reduced by 4–12%, 18–25%, and 12–19%, respectively. The Cu availability in all soils first increased, and then decreased during the aging process. The sum of the other four fractions, including the carbonate fraction and the inert component increased by 4–4.5% (BS), 1.4–2.1% (VS), and 0.5–1% (RS) respectively, over the long-term process. Moreover, during the whole aging process, the soil properties (such as pH, SOC, DOC and available silicon content) were almost stable. This study demonstrates that BCs, especially those produced at a higher temperature, are superior to those been produced at 300 °C in immobilizing Cu and releasing available silicon in soils. However, the remediation efficiencies were restricted by the soil type contamination status and remediation time.
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Marip JB, Yuan X, Zhu H, Nooni IK, Amankwah SOY, Prempeh NA, Norgbey E, Yuguda TK, Khaing ZM. Spatial Distribution and Environmental Significance of Phosphorus Fractions in River Sediments and Its Influencing Factor from Hongze and Tiaoxi Watersheds, Eastern China. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2020; 17:ijerph17165787. [PMID: 32785126 PMCID: PMC7459694 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17165787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
This study explored the spatial distribution of phosphorus fractions in river sediments and analyzed the relationship between different phosphorus fractions and their environmental influence on the sediments within different watersheds in Eastern China. River sediments from two inflow watersheds (Hongze and Tiaoxi) to Hongze and Taihu Lake in Eastern China were analyzed by the sequential extraction procedure. Five fractions of sedimentary phosphorus, including freely sorbed phosphorus (NH4Cl-P), redox-sensitive phosphorus (BD-P), bound phosphorus metal oxide (NaOH-P), bound phosphorus calcium (HCl-P), and residual phosphorus (Res-P) were all analyzed. The orders of rankings for the P fractions of the rivers Anhe and Suihe were HCl-P > NaOH-P > BD-P > NH4Cl-P and HCl-P > BD-P > NaOH-P > NH4Cl-P, respectively. For the rank order of the Hongze watershed, HCl-P was higher while the NH4Cl-P contents were significantly lower. The rank order for the Dongtiaoxi River was NaOH-P > HCl-P > BD-P > NH4Cl-P, and that of Xitiaoxi River was NaOH-P > BD-P > HCl-P > NH4Cl-P. Compared with the phosphorus forms of the Tiaoxi watershed, NaOH-P contents were significantly higher compared to HCl-P, which was significantly higher in the Hongze watershed. In comparison, NH4Cl-P contents were significantly lower in both. Variations may be attributed to differential discharge of the P form in the watershed due to land-use changes and urban river ambient conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ja Bawk Marip
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resources Development of Shallow Lakes of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China; (H.Z.); (E.N.); (T.K.Y.); (Z.M.K.)
- Correspondence: (J.B.M.); (X.Y.)
| | - Xuyin Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resources Development of Shallow Lakes of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China; (H.Z.); (E.N.); (T.K.Y.); (Z.M.K.)
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Eco-Industrial Green Technology, College of Ecology and Resources Engineering, Wuyi University, Wuyishan 354300, China
- Correspondence: (J.B.M.); (X.Y.)
| | - Hai Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resources Development of Shallow Lakes of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China; (H.Z.); (E.N.); (T.K.Y.); (Z.M.K.)
| | - Isaac Kwesi Nooni
- Binjiang College of Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, No. 333, Xishan Road, Wuxi 214105, China;
- School of Geographical Sciences, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China;
| | - Solomon O. Y. Amankwah
- School of Geographical Sciences, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China;
| | - Nana Agyemang Prempeh
- School of Geosciences, University of Energy and Natural Resources, PMB, Sunyani 3520, Ghana;
| | - Eyram Norgbey
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resources Development of Shallow Lakes of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China; (H.Z.); (E.N.); (T.K.Y.); (Z.M.K.)
| | - Taitiya Kenneth Yuguda
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resources Development of Shallow Lakes of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China; (H.Z.); (E.N.); (T.K.Y.); (Z.M.K.)
| | - Zaw Myo Khaing
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resources Development of Shallow Lakes of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China; (H.Z.); (E.N.); (T.K.Y.); (Z.M.K.)
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28
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Qi YH, Cheng W, Nan XY, Yang F, Li J, Li DC, Lundstrom CC, Yu HM, Zhang GL, Huang F. Iron Stable Isotopes in Bulk Soil and Sequential Extracted Fractions Trace Fe Redox Cycling in Paddy Soils. J Agric Food Chem 2020; 68:8143-8150. [PMID: 32633945 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c02515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In paddy soils, iron (Fe) forms are highly influenced by the seasonal redox changes and leave detectable isotope signals because of fractionation between different Fe forms. Here, we present Fe concentrations and Fe isotope compositions (expressed as δ56Fe values) in a paddy soil profile from Suzhou, China. Light Fe isotopes were enriched in two iron-accumulation layers (Br3 and G1) with high Fe concentrations. In particular, large shifts in both Fe concentrations and δ56Fe values were found at the Br2 and Br3 boundaries, showing fast and efficient transformation between these horizons. With sequential extraction, we show that Fe isotopes in the short-range-ordered Fe minerals and crystalline Fe oxides were lighter than those in the residual silicate minerals. Iron enriched in light isotopes was leached from the Ap horizon and subsequently moved to Br horizon, quickly precipitating there as Fe oxides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Han Qi
- CAS Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and Environments, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Wenhan Cheng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and Environments, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Comparative Planetology, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Xiao-Yun Nan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and Environments, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Comparative Planetology, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Fan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Jianghanyang Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and Environments, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - De-Cheng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Craig C Lundstrom
- Department of Geology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Hui-Min Yu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and Environments, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Comparative Planetology, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Gan-Lin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Fang Huang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and Environments, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Comparative Planetology, Hefei 230026, China
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Memoli V, Panico SC, Santorufo L, Barile R, Di Natale G, Di Nunzio A, Toscanesi M, Trifuoggi M, De Marco A, Maisto G. Do Wildfires Cause Changes in Soil Quality in the Short Term? Int J Environ Res Public Health 2020; 17:ijerph17155343. [PMID: 32722226 PMCID: PMC7432673 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17155343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Wildfires have high frequency and intensity in the Mediterranean ecosystems that deeply modify the soil abiotic (i.e., pH, contents of water, organic matter and elements) and biotic properties (i.e., biomass and activity). In 2017, an intense wildfire occurred inside the Vesuvius National Park (Southern Italy), destroying approximately 50% of the existing plant cover. So, the research aimed to evaluate the fire effects on soil quality through single soil abiotic and biotic indicators and through an integrated index (SQI). To achieve the aim, soil samples were collected inside the Vesuvius National Park at 12 sampling field points before fire (BF) and after fire (AF). The findings highlighted that in AF soil, the contents of water and total carbon, element availability, respiration and the dehydrogenase activity were lower than in BF soil; in contrast, pH and hydrolase activity were significantly higher in AF soil. The microbial biomass and activity were affected by Al, Cr and Cu availability in both BF and AF soils. Despite the variations in each investigated soil abiotic and biotic property that occurred in AF soil, the overall soil quality did not significantly differ as compared to that calculated for the BF soil. The findings provide a contribution to the baseline definition of the properties and quality of burnt soil and highlight the short-term effects of fire on volcanic soil in the Mediterranean area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Memoli
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via Cinthia, 80126 Napoli, Italy; (V.M.); (S.C.P.); (G.M.)
| | - Speranza Claudia Panico
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via Cinthia, 80126 Napoli, Italy; (V.M.); (S.C.P.); (G.M.)
| | - Lucia Santorufo
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via Cinthia, 80126 Napoli, Italy; (V.M.); (S.C.P.); (G.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-08167911
| | - Rossella Barile
- Parco Nazionale del Vesuvio, Via Palazzo del Principe c/o Castello Mediceo, 80044 Ottaviano (NA), Italy;
| | - Gabriella Di Natale
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via Cinthia, 80126 Napoli, Italy; (G.D.N.); (M.T.); (M.T.)
- CeSMA-Centro Servizi Metrologici e Tecnologici Avanzati, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Corso Nicolangelo Protopisani, 80146 San Giovanni a Teduccio (NA), Italy;
| | - Aldo Di Nunzio
- CeSMA-Centro Servizi Metrologici e Tecnologici Avanzati, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Corso Nicolangelo Protopisani, 80146 San Giovanni a Teduccio (NA), Italy;
| | - Maria Toscanesi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via Cinthia, 80126 Napoli, Italy; (G.D.N.); (M.T.); (M.T.)
| | - Marco Trifuoggi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via Cinthia, 80126 Napoli, Italy; (G.D.N.); (M.T.); (M.T.)
| | - Anna De Marco
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via Montesano, 80131 Napoli, Italy;
| | - Giulia Maisto
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via Cinthia, 80126 Napoli, Italy; (V.M.); (S.C.P.); (G.M.)
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Tytła M. Identification of the Chemical Forms of Heavy Metals in Municipal Sewage Sludge as a Critical Element of Ecological Risk Assessment in Terms of Its Agricultural or Natural Use. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2020; 17:E4640. [PMID: 32605165 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17134640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The present study aimed to demonstrate that identification of the chemical forms of heavy metals in sewage sludge produced in municipal Wastewater Treatment Plants (WWTPs) is a critical element of ecological risk assessment, especially in terms of its agricultural or natural use. The concentrations of seven heavy metals (Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn and Hg) were determined using inductively coupled plasma optical spectrometry (ICP-OES) and cold vapor atomic absorption spectrometry (CV-AAS). The chemical forms of heavy metals were analyzed in accordance with the sequential extraction method proposed by the Community Bureau of Reference (BCR). Sludge samples were collected at the five municipal WWTPs located in the largest industrial area in the country, i.e., the Upper Silesian Industrial Region (southern Poland, central Europe). The ecological risk was assessed by calculating the Potential Ecological Risk Factor (ER), Risk Index (RI), Risk Assessment Code (RAC), Individual Contamination Factor (ICF), Global Risk Index (GRI) as well as the author’s indices, i.e., Individual Ecological Risk (IER) and Global Ecological Risk (GER). To demonstrate the differences between the level of ecological risk posed by the different heavy metals, sludge samples were collected at two specific points of the processing line. Considering the chemical forms of heavy metals, the highest ecological risk was posed by Zn, Cd and Ni, while in the case of their total concentrations, by Cd and Hg. The obtained results confirm that quantitative determination of the total content of heavy metals in sewage sludge is not a sufficient criterion in assessment of the ecological risk that these elements pose to the natural environment and living organisms. Moreover, multivariate statistical analysis revealed a significant correlation between the concentrations of heavy metals, which indicates that they plausibly originate from the same source of pollution.
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Jiang SX, Zhai FJ, Zhang C, Wang MM, Shan BQ. [Speciation Distribution and Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Sediments from the Yitong River City Area]. Huan Jing Ke Xue 2020; 41:2653-2663. [PMID: 32608780 DOI: 10.13227/j.hjkx.201910113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The total content and chemical speciation of Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn in seven short cores sampled from the Yitong River from Changchun City were analyzed to assess the pollution levels and potential ecological risks of heavy metals in the sediments. The results demonstrated that the total contents of Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn in sediments were 0.10-1.18, 23.57-66.35, 11.27-43.95, 10.78-29.82, 15.02-60.81, and 54.27-175.83 mg·kg-1, respectively. The acid-soluble fraction of Cd varied from 42.1% to 51.28%, whereas Cr, Ni, and Zn were mainly found in the residual fraction; their mass fractions were 63.54%-79.91%, 35.16%-53.75%, and 27.55%-57.55%, respectively. The vertical results of pollution degree and ecological risk assessment indicated that the studied sediment was polluted by Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn, and the ecological risk of Cd was the highest, followed by Zn and Cu. Each group of metals in each core showed a similar vertical variation, and the ecological risk of metals in sediment of 4-8 cm depth was relatively high. Cd, Zn, and Pb in the sediments of Yitong River were mainly from industrial pollution and municipal sewage discharge, and Cu could be attributed to both natural processes and human activities, whereas Cr and Ni may be attributed to natural processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Xin Jiang
- College of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan 056038, China.,State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environment Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Fu-Jie Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environment Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.,School of Water Conservancy, North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Zhengzhou 450045, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environment Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Meng-Meng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environment Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.,School of Water Conservancy, North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Zhengzhou 450045, China
| | - Bao-Qing Shan
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environment Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
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Lazo A, Lazo P, Urtubia A, Lobos MG, Gutiérrez C, Hansen HK. Copper Analysis by Two Different Procedures of Sequential Extraction after Electrodialytic Remediation of Mine Tailings. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2019; 16:E3957. [PMID: 31627367 PMCID: PMC6843973 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16203957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Revised: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The analysis of Cu distribution in pre-treated mine tailings after electrodialytic remediation was carried out by using two methods of sequential extraction. The initial content of copper in the tailings was 1109 mg Cu/kg of dry tailing, where close to 40% of the sample in weight corresponded to a soluble fraction. The tailing was treated with a leaching solution for 24 h. Three different solutions were tested: H2SO4 + HNO3 with pH = 1.9; H2SO4 + HNO3 with pH = 4.2; and NH4Cl 0.8 mol/L with pH = 5.5. After that, electrodialytic remediation experiments were carried out using an electric field of 2.7 V/cm for 15 days. The best performance for the complete cell was obtained with H2SO4 + HNO3 solutions, with a copper removal efficiency in the range of 62% to 67% and a current efficiency between 6% and 9%. The results of the remaining copper concentration between anode and cathode, from both procedures of sequential extraction, showed similar trends. The differences were mainly attributed to the use of different extractant solutions and extraction times. Soluble and exchangeable fractions were easily removed, with efficiencies higher than 80%. The lowest copper removal efficiency was obtained with NH4Cl 0.8 mol/L.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Lazo
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química y Ambiental, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María. Avenida España 1680, Valparaíso 2390123, Chile.
| | - Pamela Lazo
- Instituto de Química y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Avenida Gran Bretaña 1111, Playa Ancha, Valparaíso 2360102, Chile.
| | - Alejandra Urtubia
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química y Ambiental, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María. Avenida España 1680, Valparaíso 2390123, Chile.
- Centro Científico Tecnológico de Valparaíso, CCTVaL, Avenida España 1680, Valparaíso 2390123, Chile.
- Centro de Biotecnología Daniel Alkalay, CBDAL, General Bari 699, Valparaíso 2390123, Chile.
| | - María Gabriela Lobos
- Instituto de Química y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Avenida Gran Bretaña 1111, Playa Ancha, Valparaíso 2360102, Chile.
| | - Claudia Gutiérrez
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química y Ambiental, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María. Avenida España 1680, Valparaíso 2390123, Chile.
| | - Henrik K Hansen
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química y Ambiental, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María. Avenida España 1680, Valparaíso 2390123, Chile.
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Zhao M, Shinozaki H, Itabashi H, Kozaki D, Mori M. Dynamic Four-step Sequential Extraction Procedure Using a Four-channel Circulating Flow System for Extracting Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn from Solid Environmental Samples. ANAL SCI 2019; 35:1089-1096. [PMID: 31204369 DOI: 10.2116/analsci.19p077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
A method for extracting metals from solid samples was developed. The system had four flow channels (each containing a column packed with a solid sample), a single-flow peristaltic pump, and eight six-port valves. An extractant was passed into each channel for a specified period, then the valves were closed. We evaluated the system by performing a four-step sequential extraction procedure to extract heavy metals from a lake sediment sample. The four extractants were, in order of use, magnesium chloride, ammonium acetate, hydroxylamine hydrochloride, and hydrochloric acid. The concentrations of the analytes extracted agreed well with the concentrations determined using the batch method. The system was also successfully used to analyze heavy metals in a soil sample from a parking lot and fly ash from a domestic waste disposal facility. The total amount of extractant required per sample using the system was two-thirds of the amount required using the batch method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meichao Zhao
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Gunma University
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Lazo A, Hansen HK, Lazo P, Gutiérrez C. Application of a Sequential Extraction Method for Analyzing Cu Distribution in Pre-Treated Mine Tailings after Electrodialytic Remediation. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2019; 16:E584. [PMID: 30781600 PMCID: PMC6406367 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16040584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Revised: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Mine tailings have been analyzed by a sequential extraction procedure after their pre-treatment with a leaching solution for 24 h and electrodialytic remediation during 15 days with a constant electric field of 2.7 V cm-1. Four leaching solutions were tested: H₂SO₄ + HNO₃ (2:1 vol.) pH = 1.9; H₂SO₄ + HNO₃ (2:1 vol) pH = 4.2; NH₄Cl 0.8M, pH = 5.5 and 30% H₂O₂ adjusted to pH 2 with HNO₃ 1M + HCl 1M. After the treatment, the tailings were divided in six slices from anode to cathode. The highest removal efficiency of copper was obtained with H₂SO₄ + HNO₃ pH = 1.9, which allows one to remove 67% of the copper in the total cell and 85% of the copper in the slice closest to anode. The same solution with pH = 4.2 allows one to remove 62% of the total copper. The analysis realized by the sequential extraction method indicates the easy removal of water-soluble and exchangeable fractions in all experiments, moreover, residual and sulfide are the less mobile fractions. The general trend was the movement of copper associated to different fractions from anode to cathode and its accumulation closest to the cathode in the case of exchangeable, Fe-Mn oxides and acid soluble fractions, possibly due to some precipitation of copper compounds associated with less acidic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Lazo
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química y Ambiental, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Avenida España 1680, Valparaíso 2390123, Chile.
| | - Henrik K Hansen
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química y Ambiental, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Avenida España 1680, Valparaíso 2390123, Chile.
| | - Pamela Lazo
- Instituto de Química y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Avenida Gran Bretaña 1111, Playa Ancha, Valparaíso 2360102, Chile.
| | - Claudia Gutiérrez
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química y Ambiental, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Avenida España 1680, Valparaíso 2390123, Chile.
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35
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Zhao X, Wang M, Wang H, Tang D, Huang J, Sun Y. Study on the Remediation of Cd Pollution by the Biomineralization of Urease-Producing Bacteria. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2019; 16:ijerph16020268. [PMID: 30669299 PMCID: PMC6351962 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16020268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2018] [Revised: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is a highly toxic metal that can affect human health and environmental safety. The purpose of this study was to research the removal of Cd from an environmental perspective. In this article, four highly urease-active strains (CZW-2, CZW-5, CZW-9 and CZW-12) were isolated from an abandoned mine and their phylogenetic trees were analyzed. The maximum enzyme activities, the mineralized precipitate and the removal rates of these strains were compared. The results showed that CZW-2 had the highest urease activity at 51.6 U/mL, and the removal rates of CZW-2, CZW-5, CZW-9 and CZW-12 after 120 h were 80.10%, 72.64%, 76.70% and 73.40%, with an initial concentration of Cd of 2 mM in the Cd precipitation experiments. XRD (X-ray diffractometer), EDS (Energy dispersive spectrometer) and FTIR (Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy) analysis indicated that the mineralized precipitate was CdCO3. SEM (Scanning electron microscopy) analysis revealed that the diameter of the oval-shaped mineralized product ranked from 0.5 to 2 μm. These strains were used to remedy Cd-contaminated soil, and five different fractions of Cd were measured. Compared with the control, the results of spraying pre-cultured strains containing 2% urea to remove Cd from contaminated soils showed that the exchangeable fraction of Cd decreased by 53.30%, 27.78%, 42.54% and 53.80%, respectively, whereas the carbonate-bound fraction increased by 55.42%, 20.27%, 39.67% and 34.36%, respectively, after one month. These data show that these strains can effectively reduce the bioavailability and mobility of Cd in contaminated soils. The results indicate that biomineralization based on the decomposition of substrate urea can be applied to remedy heavy contaminated soil and water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingqing Zhao
- School of Environmental and Safety Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China.
| | - Min Wang
- School of Environmental and Safety Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China.
| | - Hui Wang
- School of Environmental and Safety Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China.
| | - Ding Tang
- School of Environmental and Safety Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China.
| | - Jian Huang
- School of Environmental and Safety Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China.
| | - Yu Sun
- School of Environmental and Safety Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China.
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Zhao M, Wada N, Shinozaki H, Seko N, Mori M, Itabashi H. Monitoring of the Palladium Concentration in River Water and Sediment at an Acidic Hot Spring Spa Area in Gunma Prefecture. ANAL SCI 2018; 34:1357-1364. [PMID: 30122735 DOI: 10.2116/analsci.18p211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
In an effort to elucidate the deposition pathway of Pd in river sediments, we analyzed the amount of Pd in the river water and sediments of the Yukawa and Yazawa rivers, as well as in the sediments of the Shinaki dam-lake of the Kusatsu hot-spring area, which is located northwest in Gunma Prefecture of Japan. The crystal structures and elemental compositions of the river sediment samples differed significantly before and after neutralization. This was attributed to the lime input, which also affected the Pd abundance ratio obtained by the sequential extraction procedure. Additionally, the low leachability of Pd in the sediment suggested possible difficulties in its recovery. Considering the analysis of the Pd variation in the environments, it was concluded that the Pd content in the sediment of the Shinaki dam-lake was mainly supplied by the Yukawa river water inflowing the surrounding tributary rivers and hot-spring waters before neutralization, rather than the lime input.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meichao Zhao
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Gunma University
| | - Nobuhiko Wada
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Gunma University.,Shanghai Shenglong Environment Remediation Technologies, Co., Ltd
| | | | - Noriaki Seko
- National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology (QST), Quantum Beam Science Research Directorate, Takasaki Advanced Radiation Research Institute
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Vaikath NN, Erskine D, Morris CM, Majbour NK, Vekrellis K, Li JY, El-Agnaf OMA. Heterogeneity in α-synuclein subtypes and their expression in cortical brain tissue lysates from Lewy body diseases and Alzheimer's disease. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 2018; 45:597-608. [PMID: 30422353 DOI: 10.1111/nan.12531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Lewy body diseases are neuropathologically characterized by the abnormal accumulation of α-synuclein (α-syn) protein within vulnerable neurons. Although studies have evaluated α-syn in post mortem brain tissue, previous findings have been limited by typically employing pan-α-syn antibodies that may not recognize disease-relevant forms of protein. We investigated the presence of α-syn species present in post mortem brain tissues from Lewy body disease and Alzheimer's disease. METHODS Soluble and insoluble/aggregated α-syn from frontal cortex of post mortem brain tissues form Parkinson's disease (PD), dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), Alzheimer's disease (AD) and aged control cases were sequentially extracted using buffers with increasing detergent concentrations. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to quantify the levels of total-, oligomeric- and phosphorylated-Ser129-α-syn (t-, o- and pS129-α-syn). ELISA data were validated by western blot and compared to histological data from the same region of the contralateral hemisphere. RESULTS There was no difference in t-α-syn levels between groups in the aqueous-soluble, detergent-soluble or urea-soluble tissue fractions. However, aqueous-soluble non-phosphorylated o-α-syn was increased not only in PD and DLB but also in AD without neocortical Lewy bodies. In PD and AD, pS129-α-syn was increased in the detergent-soluble tissue fragment and, in AD, this was positively correlated with the burden of tau pathology. Increased levels of urea-soluble pS129-α-syn were demonstrated only in DLB tissue lysates but this did not correlate with Lewy body pathological burden. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, these findings suggest that DLB have elevated levels of insoluble pS129-α-syn, but that increased levels of aqueous-soluble o-α-syn and detergent-soluble pS129-α-syn are also observed in PD and AD, suggesting different changes to α-syn across the spectrum of neurodegenerative proteopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- N N Vaikath
- Neurological Disorder Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar.,Neural Plasticity and Repair Unit, Department of Experimental Medical Sciences, Wallenberg Neuroscience Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - D Erskine
- Ageing Research Laboratories, Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Campus for Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - C M Morris
- Newcastle Brain Tissue Resource, Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Campus for Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - N K Majbour
- Neurological Disorder Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - K Vekrellis
- Department of Neuroscience, Center of Basic Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - J-Y Li
- Neural Plasticity and Repair Unit, Department of Experimental Medical Sciences, Wallenberg Neuroscience Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - O M A El-Agnaf
- Neurological Disorder Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
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Chan YS, Khoo KS, Sit NWW. Investigation of twenty selected medicinal plants from Malaysia for anti-Chikungunya virus activity. Int Microbiol 2018; 19:175-182. [PMID: 28494087 DOI: 10.2436/20.1501.01.275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2016] [Accepted: 09/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Chikungunya virus is a reemerging arbovirus transmitted mainly by Aedes mosquitoes. As there are no specific treatments available, Chikungunya virus infection is a significant public health problem. This study investigated 120 extracts from selected medicinal plants for anti-Chikungunya virus activity. The plant materials were subjected to sequential solvent extraction to obtain six different extracts for each plant. The cytotoxicity and antiviral activity of each extract were examined using African monkey kidney epithelial (Vero) cells. The ethanol, methanol and chloroform extracts of Tradescantia spathacea (Commelinaceae) leaves showed the strongest cytopathic effect inhibition on Vero cells, resulting in cell viabilities of 92.6% ± 1.0% (512 μg/ml), 91.5% ± 1.7% (512 μg/ml) and 88.8% ± 2.4% (80 μg/ml) respectively. However, quantitative RT-PCR analysis revealed that the chloroform extract of Rhapis excelsa (Arecaceae) leaves resulted in the highest percentage of reduction of viral load (98.1%), followed by the ethyl acetate extract of Vernonia amygdalina (Compositae) leaves (95.5%). The corresponding 50% effective concentrations (EC50) and selectivity indices for these two extracts were 29.9 ± 0.9 and 32.4 ± 1.3 μg/ml, and 5.4 and 5.1 respectively. Rhapis excelsa and Vernonia amygdalina could be sources of anti-Chikungunya virus agents. [Int Microbiol 19(3):175-182 (2016)].
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Affiliation(s)
- Yik Sin Chan
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Kampar, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Kong Soo Khoo
- Department of Chemical Science, Faculty of Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Kampar, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Nam Weng Weng Sit
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Kampar, Perak, Malaysia
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Sun XY, Liu J, Luo LQ. [Comprehensive Study of Lead Speciation and Its Bioavailability in Soils From a Lead/Zinc Mining Area by Micro X-Ray Fluorescence and X-Ray Absorption Near-Edge Structure]. Huan Jing Ke Xue 2018; 39:3835-3844. [PMID: 29998693 DOI: 10.13227/j.hjkx.201712146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Lead species significantly influences its mobility and bioavailability. In this study, improved BCR procedure, laboratory culture, laboratory micro X-ray fluorescence (μ-XRF), and synchrotron radiation X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) were used to investigate the distribution, speciation, and bioavailability of Pb in soils from a Pb/zinc (Zn) mining area contaminated with heavy metals. The results showed that ① Pb was mainly distributed in the reducible[which binds to oxides of iron (Fe) and manganese (Mn)], acid soluble, residual, and oxidizable fractions, ② Pb content in plant tissues correlated with acid-soluble Pb content in soil, ③ μ-XRF results indicated that Pb was distributed heterogeneously, and correlated with the hot spot with high concentration of Mn. In some area, Pb also correlated with Fe, and ④ Pb was predominantly present as Pb-goethite (41%-46%), Pb3(PO4)2(36%-55%), and Pb-MnO2(3%-24%) in soil samples. The results of this study showed that oxides of Fe and Mn, and Pb3(PO4)2precipitate mainly comprise the pool of Pb in soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Yan Sun
- National Research Center for Geoanalysis, Beijing 100037, China.,School of Earth Sciences and Resources, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Jian Liu
- National Research Center for Geoanalysis, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Li-Qiang Luo
- National Research Center for Geoanalysis, Beijing 100037, China.,School of Earth Sciences and Resources, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China
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Fioroto AM, Albuquerque LGR, Kelmer GAR, Silva DG, Couto RAA, Oliveira PV. Analytical Capabilities of the Community Bureau of Reference Protocol to Estimate the Mobility of Nutrients and Toxic Elements from Mineral Fertilizer. J Agric Food Chem 2018; 66:6255-6261. [PMID: 29863864 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b00822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The sequential extraction procedure of the Community Bureau of Reference (BCR) was applied to investigate the mobility of potentially toxic elements (As, Cd, Cr, and Pb) and nutrients (P, Ca, Mg, Cu, Fe, Mn, and Zn) in a multinutrient mineral fertilizer based on phosphate rocks supplemented with 10% (w w-1) micronutrient mixture (raw material used as a micronutrient source). For both samples, As and Cd were more mobile, whereas Cr remained in the solid residue. A higher mobility of Pb was observed in the micronutrient mixture; however, the high concentration of P (8.3% w w-1) in the fertilizer could have decreased Pb mobility as a result of Pb3(PO4)2 formation. The nutrients had great mobility, except Fe, which remained almost totally in the residual fraction in both samples. X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and energy dispersive spectroscopy analyses of solid residues showed that the ways in which elements were distributed in the sample particles could affect their mobility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre M Fioroto
- Departamento de Química Fundamental, Instituto de Química , Universidade de São Paulo , CEP 05508-000 , São Paulo , SP , Brazil
| | - Luiza G R Albuquerque
- Departamento de Química Fundamental, Instituto de Química , Universidade de São Paulo , CEP 05508-000 , São Paulo , SP , Brazil
| | - Gislayne A R Kelmer
- Departamento de Química Fundamental, Instituto de Química , Universidade de São Paulo , CEP 05508-000 , São Paulo , SP , Brazil
| | - Delmarcio G Silva
- Departamento de Química Fundamental, Instituto de Química , Universidade de São Paulo , CEP 05508-000 , São Paulo , SP , Brazil
| | - Ricardo A A Couto
- Departamento de Química Fundamental, Instituto de Química , Universidade de São Paulo , CEP 05508-000 , São Paulo , SP , Brazil
| | - Pedro V Oliveira
- Departamento de Química Fundamental, Instituto de Química , Universidade de São Paulo , CEP 05508-000 , São Paulo , SP , Brazil
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Yang K, Zhang T, Shao Y, Tian C, Cattle SR, Zhu Y, Song J. Fractionation, Bioaccessibility, and Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in the Soil of an Urban Recreational Area Amended with Composted Sewage Sludge. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2018; 15:ijerph15040613. [PMID: 29597244 PMCID: PMC5923655 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15040613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Revised: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A composted sewage sludge (CSS) was added to the soil of an urban garden at 5%, 10%, and 25% (w/w soil) and stabilised for 180 days. Samples were then collected and analysed for total heavy metal concentrations, chemical fractions, and bioaccessibility, together with some physicochemical properties. The results showed that the total chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), lead (Pb), and zinc (Zn) concentrations were increased with CSS addition rate. The CSS addition decreased the residual fractions of these four elements. The exchangeable Cr, Cu, and Pb fractions were very small or not detected, while Zn exhibited an increasing trend in its exchangeable fraction with CSS addition rate. The bioaccessibility of these four elements was increased with the CSS addition rate. Moreover, the Cr, Cu, and Zn bioaccessibility correlated positively with the total concentration, while the bioaccessibility of these four elements exhibited a negative correlation with the residual fraction. The fractionation and bioaccessibility of heavy metals may have also been influenced by pH, cation exchange capacity, and organic matter. The risk assessment code reflected the amended soil showed no or low environmental risks for Cr, Cu, and Pb and a medium risk for Zn. The hazardous index values and cancer risk levels indicated that the heavy metals in the soil amended with 25% CSS posed negligible potential noncarcinogenic and carcinogenic risks to children and adults via incidental ingestion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Yang
- Advanced Materials Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, China.
| | - Tao Zhang
- Advanced Materials Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, China.
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Jinzhong 030600, China.
| | - Yanqiu Shao
- Advanced Materials Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, China.
| | - Chao Tian
- Advanced Materials Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, China.
| | - Stephen R Cattle
- Sydney Institute of Agriculture, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Eveleigh, NSW 2015, Australia.
| | - Ying Zhu
- Advanced Materials Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, China.
| | - Jinjuan Song
- Quality, Safety and Environmental Protection Department, China International Water and Electric Corporation, Beijing 100120, China.
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Marković JP, Jović MD, Smičiklas ID, Šljivić-Ivanović MZ, Smiljanić SN, Onjia AE, Popović AR. Estimation of Cadmium uptake by tobacco plants from laboratory leaching tests. J Environ Sci Health A Tox Hazard Subst Environ Eng 2018; 53:352-361. [PMID: 29281501 DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2017.1401396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The objective of the present study was to determine the impact of cadmium (Cd) concentration in the soil on its uptake by tobacco plants, and to compare the ability of diverse extraction procedures for determining Cd bioavailability and predicting soil-to-plant transfer and Cd plant concentrations. The pseudo-total digestion procedure, modified Tessier sequential extraction and six standard single-extraction tests for estimation of metal mobility and bioavailability were used for the leaching of Cd from a native soil, as well as samples artificially contaminated over a wide range of Cd concentrations. The results of various leaching tests were compared between each other, as well as with the amounts of Cd taken up by tobacco plants in pot experiments. In the native soil sample, most of the Cd was found in fractions not readily available under natural conditions, but with increasing pollution level, Cd amounts in readily available forms increased. With increasing concentrations of Cd in the soil, the quantity of pollutant taken up in tobacco also increased, while the transfer factor (TF) decreased. Linear and non-linear empirical models were developed for predicting the uptake of Cd by tobacco plants based on the results of selected leaching tests. The non-linear equations for ISO 14870 (diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid extraction - DTPA), ISO/TS 21268-2 (CaCl2 leaching procedure), US EPA 1311 (toxicity characteristic leaching procedure - TCLP) single step extractions, and the sum of the first two fractions of the sequential extraction, exhibited the best correlation with the experimentally determined concentrations of Cd in plants over the entire range of pollutant concentrations. This approach can improve and facilitate the assessment of human exposure to Cd by tobacco smoking, but may also have wider applicability in predicting soil-to-plant transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelena P Marković
- a Department of Chemical Dynamics and Permanent Education , Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences, University of Belgrade , Belgrade , Serbia
| | - Mihajlo D Jović
- b Department of Radiation and Environmental Protection , Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences, University of Belgrade , Belgrade , Serbia
| | - Ivana D Smičiklas
- b Department of Radiation and Environmental Protection , Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences, University of Belgrade , Belgrade , Serbia
| | - Marija Z Šljivić-Ivanović
- b Department of Radiation and Environmental Protection , Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences, University of Belgrade , Belgrade , Serbia
| | - Slavko N Smiljanić
- c Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Technology , University of East Sarajevo , Zvornik , Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Antonije E Onjia
- a Department of Chemical Dynamics and Permanent Education , Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences, University of Belgrade , Belgrade , Serbia
| | - Aleksandar R Popović
- d Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry , University of Belgrade , Belgrade , Serbia
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Liao BY, Zhu DY, Thakur K, Li L, Zhang JG, Wei ZJ. Thermal and Antioxidant Properties of Polysaccharides Sequentially Extracted from Mulberry Leaves (Morus alba L.). Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22122271. [PMID: 29261150 PMCID: PMC6149993 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22122271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Revised: 12/16/2017] [Accepted: 12/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Polysaccharides from natural plant products are gaining considerable attention due to their multi-faceted health effects, as well their functional applications in food production. We reported the sequential extraction of mulberry leaf polysaccharides (MLPs) with hot buffer (HBSS), chelating agent (CHSS), dilute alkali (DASS) and concentrated alkali (CASS), in order to obtain polysaccharide fractions. Monosaccharide analysis proved that galactose (27.07%) and arabinose (25.99%) were the major sugars in HBSS, whereas arabinose (30.55%) was the major sugar in CHSS, and glucose was the major sugar in DASS (24.96%) and CASS (27.51%). The molecular weights of the polysaccharide fractions were 7.812 × 103 (HBSS), 3.279 × 103 (CHSS), 6.912 × 103 (DASS), and 1.408 × 103 kDa (CASS). HBSS and CASS showed the largest peak temperature and the highest endothermic enthalpy, respectively. Different antioxidant assays showed that the MLPs possessed appreciable antioxidant activities in a dose-dependent manner. At 5 mg/mL, HBSS and DASS possessed the largest 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl-hydrate (DPPH) radical scavenging activity (96.82%). HBSS exhibited the highest reducing power, and DASS rendered the strongest ABTS radical scavenging activity (99.69%). CHSS performed the best hydroxyl radical scavenging activity (64.22%) and Fe2+-chelating ability (96.36%). Our results suggested that MLPs could be a promising source of natural antioxidants for use in the food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bu-Yan Liao
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China; (B.-Y.L.); (D.-Y.Z.); (K.T.); (L.L.); (J.-G.Z.)
- Department of Commerce, Anhui Finance & Trade Vocational College, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Dan-Ye Zhu
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China; (B.-Y.L.); (D.-Y.Z.); (K.T.); (L.L.); (J.-G.Z.)
| | - Kiran Thakur
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China; (B.-Y.L.); (D.-Y.Z.); (K.T.); (L.L.); (J.-G.Z.)
| | - Ling Li
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China; (B.-Y.L.); (D.-Y.Z.); (K.T.); (L.L.); (J.-G.Z.)
- School of Life Science, Hefei Normal University, Hefei 230006, China
| | - Jian-Guo Zhang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China; (B.-Y.L.); (D.-Y.Z.); (K.T.); (L.L.); (J.-G.Z.)
| | - Zhao-Jun Wei
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China; (B.-Y.L.); (D.-Y.Z.); (K.T.); (L.L.); (J.-G.Z.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-551-6290-1539
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Nguyen Van T, Osanai Y, Do Nguyen H, Kurosawa K. Arsenic Speciation and Extraction and the Significance of Biodegradable Acid on Arsenic Removal-An Approach for Remediation of Arsenic-Contaminated Soil. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2017; 14:ijerph14090990. [PMID: 32962319 PMCID: PMC5615527 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph14090990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Revised: 08/26/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A series of arsenic remediation tests were conducted using a washing method with biodegradable organic acids, including oxalic, citric and ascorbic acids. Approximately 80% of the arsenic in one sample was removed under the effect of the ascorbic and oxalic acid combination, which was roughly twice higher than the effectiveness of the ascorbic and citric acid combination under the same conditions. The soils treated using biodegradable acids had low remaining concentrations of arsenic that are primarily contained in the crystalline iron oxides and organic matter fractions. The close correlation between extracted arsenic and extracted iron/aluminum suggested that arsenic was removed via the dissolution of Fe/Al oxides in soils. The fractionation of arsenic in four contaminated soils was investigated using a modified sequential extraction method. Regarding fractionation, we found that most of the soil contained high proportions of arsenic (As) in exchangeable fractions with phosphorus, amorphous oxides, and crystalline iron oxides, while a small amount of the arsenic fraction was organic matter-bound. This study indicated that biodegradable organic acids can be considered as a means for arsenic-contaminated soil remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thinh Nguyen Van
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Global Society, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan;
- Correspondence: or
| | - Yasuhito Osanai
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Global Society, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan;
| | - Hai Do Nguyen
- Soil Science Department, Faculty of Land Management, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Hanoi 100-000, Vietnam;
| | - Kiyoshi Kurosawa
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan;
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Wisawapipat W, Charoensri K, Runglerttrakoolchai J. Solid-Phase Speciation and Solubility of Phosphorus in an Acid Sulfate Paddy Soil during Soil Reduction and Reoxidation as Affected by Oil Palm Ash and Biochar. J Agric Food Chem 2017; 65:704-710. [PMID: 28060497 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b03925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Understanding phosphorus (P) speciation and how redox conditions control P solubility in acid sulfate paddy soils with limited P availability is crucial for improving soil P availability. We examined P speciation and extractability in an acid sulfate paddy soil incorporated with oil palm ash (OPA) and biochar (OPB) during soil reduction and subsequent oxidation. Phosphorus K-edge X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) spectra of the soil samples revealed that P in the soil mainly occurred as P adsorbed to ferrihydrite and P adsorbed to gibbsite. During soil reduction, gibbsite-bound P was transformed into variscite, which was back-transformed to gibbsite-bound P during soil reoxidation. Sequential extraction results confirmed the dominance of Fe/Al (hydr)oxides-bound P (average 72%) in the soils. The OPA incorporation increased the exchangeable P pool concurring with the decrease in gibbsite-bound P. The OPB incorporation enhanced the dissolved P from the residual pool presumably due to electron shuttling of biochar with Fe(III) minerals during soil reduction. Our results highlight P dynamics in paddy soils, which are of immense importance for effective P-management strategies in rice cultivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Worachart Wisawapipat
- Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kasetsart University , Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Kamolchanok Charoensri
- Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kasetsart University , Bangkok 10900, Thailand
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Abstract
The analysis of heavy metal concentrations and forms in sewage sludge constitutes an important issue in terms of both health and environmental hazards the metals pose. The total heavy metals concentration enables only the assessment of its contamination. Hence the knowledge of chemical forms is required to determine their environmental mobility and sludge final disposal. Heavy metals speciation was studied by using four-stage sequential extraction BCR (Community Bureau of Reference). This study was aimed at determining the total concentration of selected heavy metals (Zn, Cu, Ni, Pb, Cd, Cr and Hg) and their chemical forms (except for Hg) in sludge collected at different stages of its processing at two municipal Wastewater Treatment Plants in southern Poland. Metals contents in sludge samples were determined by using flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS) and electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry (ETAAS). This study shows that Zn and Cu appeared to be the most abundant in sludge, while Cd and Hg were in the lowest concentrations. The sewage sludge revealed the domination of immobile fractions over the mobile ones. The oxidizable and residual forms were dominant for all the heavy metals. There was also a significant difference in metals speciation between sludges of different origin which was probably due to differences in wastewater composition and processes occurring in biological stage of wastewater treatment. The results indicate a negligible capability of metals to migrate from sludge into the environment. Our research revealed a significant impact of thickening, stabilization and hygienization on the distribution of heavy metals in sludge and their mobility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malwina Tytła
- a Polish Academy of Science , Institute of Environmental Engineering , Zabrze , Poland
| | - Kamila Widziewicz
- a Polish Academy of Science , Institute of Environmental Engineering , Zabrze , Poland
| | - Ewa Zielewicz
- b Faculty of Energy and Environmental Engineering , Silesian University of Technology , Gliwice , Poland
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Rodgers KJ, Hursthouse A, Cuthbert S. The Potential of Sequential Extraction in the Characterisation and Management of Wastes from Steel Processing: A Prospective Review. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2015; 12:11724-55. [PMID: 26393631 PMCID: PMC4586704 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph120911724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2015] [Revised: 09/01/2015] [Accepted: 09/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
As waste management regulations become more stringent, yet demand for resources continues to increase, there is a pressing need for innovative management techniques and more sophisticated supporting analysis techniques. Sequential extraction (SE) analysis, a technique previously applied to soils and sediments, offers the potential to gain a better understanding of the composition of solid wastes. SE attempts to classify potentially toxic elements (PTEs) by their associations with phases or fractions in waste, with the aim of improving resource use and reducing negative environmental impacts. In this review we explain how SE can be applied to steel wastes. These present challenges due to differences in sample characteristics compared with materials to which SE has been traditionally applied, specifically chemical composition, particle size and pH buffering capacity, which are critical when identifying a suitable SE method. We highlight the importance of delineating iron-rich phases, and find that the commonly applied BCR (The community Bureau of reference) extraction method is problematic due to difficulties with zinc speciation (a critical steel waste constituent), hence a substantially modified SEP is necessary to deal with particular characteristics of steel wastes. Successful development of SE for steel wastes could have wider implications, e.g., for the sustainable management of fly ash and mining wastes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiri J Rodgers
- School of Science & Sport, University of the West of Scotland, Paisley Campus, Paisley PA1 2BE, UK.
| | - Andrew Hursthouse
- School of Science & Sport, University of the West of Scotland, Paisley Campus, Paisley PA1 2BE, UK.
| | - Simon Cuthbert
- School of Science & Sport, University of the West of Scotland, Paisley Campus, Paisley PA1 2BE, UK.
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Parisien MA, Rutter A, Zeeb BA. Feasibility of Using Phytoextraction to Remediate a Compost-Based Soil Contaminated with Cadmium. Int J Phytoremediation 2015; 17:1137-1143. [PMID: 25848836 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2014.1003792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Greenhouse and in-situ field experiments were used to determine the potential for phytoextraction to remediate soil contaminated with Cd from municipal solid waste (MSW) and sewage sludge (SS) compost application at a Peterborough (Canada) site. For the greenhouse experiment, one native (Chenopodium album) and three naturalized (Poa compressa, Brassica juncea, Helianthus annuus) plant species were planted in soil containing no detectable Cd (<1.0 μg·g(-1)), and soil from the site containing low (5.0 ± 0.3 μg·g(-1) Cd), and high (16.5 ± 1.2 μg⋅g(-1) Cd) Cd concentrations. Plant uptake was low (root BAFs ≤0.5) for all species except P. compressa in the low Cd treatment (BAF 1.0). Only B. juncea accumulated Cd in its shoots, though uptake was low (BAF ≤0.3). For the field experiment, B. juncea was planted in-situ in areas of low and high Cd concentrations. Brassica juncea Cd uptake was low (root and shoot BAFs <0.2) in both treatments. Sequential extraction analysis indicated that Cd is retained primarily by low bioavailability soil fractions, and phytoextraction is therefore not feasible at this site. Though low Cd bioavailability has negative implications for Cd phytoextraction from MSW/SS compost-based soils, it may limit receptor exposure to Cd sufficiently to eliminate the potential for risk at this site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele A Parisien
- a Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Royal Military College of Canada , Kingston , ON , Canada
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Fleming M, Tai Y, Zhuang P, McBride MB. Extractability and bioavailability of Pb and As in historically contaminated orchard soil: effects of compost amendments. Environ Pollut 2013; 177:90-7. [PMID: 23474982 PMCID: PMC4631044 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2013.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2012] [Revised: 02/07/2013] [Accepted: 02/08/2013] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The availability of Pb and As in an historically contaminated orchard soil, after amendment with compost and aging in the field, was determined by single-step chemical extraction with 1.0 M ammonium acetate at pH 4.8, sequential extraction using the modified BCR test, and a redworm bioassay in the laboratory. The efficiency of soil Pb extraction by ammonium acetate was greater at higher total soil Pb but was reduced by compost amendment. Conversely, the extraction efficiency of total soil As increased with compost amendment, but was not sensitive to total soil As. The redworm bioassay indicated Pb (but not As) bioavailability to be reduced by soil amendment with compost, a result consistent with the ammonium acetate extraction test but not reflected in modified BCR test. Electron microprobe studies of the orchard soil revealed Pb and As to be spatially associated in discrete particles along with phosphorus and iron.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret Fleming
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA
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50
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Tai Y, McBride MB. Evaluating specificity of sequential extraction for chemical forms of lead in artificially-contaminated and field-contaminated soils. Talanta 2013; 107:183-8. [PMID: 23598210 PMCID: PMC4631023 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2013.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2012] [Revised: 01/03/2013] [Accepted: 01/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, we evaluated a commonly employed modified Bureau Communautaire de Référence (BCR test) 3-step sequential extraction procedure for its ability to distinguish forms of solid-phase Pb in soils with different sources and histories of contamination. When the modified BCR test was applied to mineral soils spiked with three forms of Pb (pyromorphite, hydrocerussite and nitrate salt), the added Pb was highly susceptible to dissolution in the operationally-defined "reducible" or "oxide" fraction regardless of form. When three different materials (mineral soil, organic soil and goethite) were spiked with soluble Pb nitrate, the BCR sequential extraction profiles revealed that soil organic matter was capable of retaining Pb in more stable and acid-resistant forms than silicate clay minerals or goethite. However, the BCR sequential extraction for field-collected soils with known and different sources of Pb contamination was not sufficiently discriminatory in the dissolution of soil Pb phases to allow soil Pb forms to be "fingerprinted" by this method. It is concluded that standard sequential extraction procedures are probably not very useful in predicting lability and bioavailability of Pb in contaminated soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiping Tai
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853
- South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Murray B. McBride
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853
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