1
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van der Heijden O, Eggebeen JJJ, Trzesniowski H, Deka N, Golnak R, Xiao J, van Rijn M, Mom RV, Koper MTM. Li + Cations Activate NiFeOOH for Oxygen Evolution in Sodium and Potassium Hydroxide. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202318692. [PMID: 38323697 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202318692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
The efficiency of electrolysis is reduced due to the sluggish oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Besides catalyst properties, electrocatalytic activity also depends on the interaction of the electrocatalyst with the electrolyte. Here, we show that the addition of small amounts of Li+ to Fe-free NaOH or KOH electrolytes activates NiFeOOH for the OER compared to single-cation electrolytes. Moreover, the activation was maintained when the solution was returned to pure NaOH. Importantly, we show that the origin of activation by Li+ cations is primarily non-kinetic in nature, as the OER onset for the mixed electrolyte does not change and the Tafel slope at low current density is ~30 mV/dec in both electrolytes. However, the increase of the apparent Tafel slope remains lower at increasing current densities in the presence of Li+. Based on electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance and in situ X-ray absorption spectroscopy measurements, we show that this reduction of non-kinetic effects is due to enhanced intercalation of sodium, water and hydroxide. This enhanced electrolyte penetration facilitates the OER, especially at higher current densities and for increased catalyst loading. Our work shows that mixed electrolytes where distinct cations can have different roles provide a simple and promising strategy towards improved OER rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Onno van der Heijden
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Jordy J J Eggebeen
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Hanna Trzesniowski
- Department of Atomic-Scale Dynamics in Light-Energy Conversion, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Albert-Einstein-Straße 15, 12489, Berlin, Germany
| | - Nipon Deka
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Ronny Golnak
- Department of Highly Sensitive X-Ray Spectroscopy, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, 14109, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jie Xiao
- Department of Highly Sensitive X-Ray Spectroscopy, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, 14109, Berlin, Germany
| | - Maartje van Rijn
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Rik V Mom
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Marc T M Koper
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC, Leiden, the Netherlands
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2
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Zhou W, Liu P, Ye Z, Wen B, Beckie RD, Zhou A, Zhou Z, Zhou J. Antimony mobility in soil near historical waste rock at the world's largest Sb mine, Central China. Sci Total Environ 2024; 921:171194. [PMID: 38408677 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Soil near waste rock often contains high concentrations of antimony (Sb), but the mechanisms that mobilize Sb in a soil closely impacted by the waste rock piles are not well understood. We investigated these mobility mechanisms in soils near historical waste rock at the world's largest Sb mine. The sequential extraction (BCR) of soil reveal that over 95 % Sb is present in the residual fraction. The leached Sb concentration is related to the surface protonation and deprotonation of soil minerals. SEM-EDS shows Sb in the soil is associated with Fe and Ca. Moreover, X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) results show Sb is predominantly present as Sb(V) and is associated with Fe in the form of tripuhyite (FeSbO4) as well as edge- and corner-sharing complexes on ferrihydrite and goethite. Thus, Fe in soils is important in controlling the mobility of Sb via surface complexation and co-precipitation of Sb by Fe oxides. The initially surface-adsorbed Sb(V) or co-precipitation is likely to undergo a phase transformation as the Fe oxides age. In addition, Sb mobility may be controlled by small amounts of calcium antimonate. These results further the understanding of the effect of secondary minerals in soils on the fate of Sb from waste rock weathering and inform source treatment for Sb-contaminated soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiqing Zhou
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Yangtze Catchment Environmental Aquatic Science, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China; Key Laboratory of Mine Ecological Effects and System Restoration, Ministry of Natural Resources, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Peng Liu
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Yangtze Catchment Environmental Aquatic Science, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China; Key Laboratory of Mine Ecological Effects and System Restoration, Ministry of Natural Resources, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Zhihang Ye
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Bing Wen
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Management and Pollution Control, Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment of China, Nanjing 210042, China
| | - Roger D Beckie
- Department of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, University of British Columbia, 2020-2207 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Aiguo Zhou
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Ziyi Zhou
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Jianwei Zhou
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Yangtze Catchment Environmental Aquatic Science, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China; Key Laboratory of Mine Ecological Effects and System Restoration, Ministry of Natural Resources, Beijing 100081, China.
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3
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Quechol R, Solomon JB, Liu YA, Lee CC, Jasniewski AJ, Górecki K, Oyala P, Hedman B, Hodgson KO, Ribbe MW, Hu Y. Heterologous synthesis of the complex homometallic cores of nitrogenase P- and M-clusters in Escherichia coli. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2314788120. [PMID: 37871225 PMCID: PMC10622910 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2314788120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Nitrogenase is an active target of heterologous expression because of its importance for areas related to agronomy, energy, and environment. One major hurdle for expressing an active Mo-nitrogenase in Escherichia coli is to generate the complex metalloclusters (P- and M-clusters) within this enzyme, which involves some highly unique bioinorganic chemistry/metalloenzyme biochemistry that is not generally dealt with in the heterologous expression of proteins via synthetic biology; in particular, the heterologous synthesis of the homometallic P-cluster ([Fe8S7]) and M-cluster core (or L-cluster; [Fe8S9C]) on their respective protein scaffolds, which represents two crucial checkpoints along the biosynthetic pathway of a complete nitrogenase, has yet to be demonstrated by biochemical and spectroscopic analyses of purified metalloproteins. Here, we report the heterologous formation of a P-cluster-containing NifDK protein upon coexpression of Azotobacter vinelandii nifD, nifK, nifH, nifM, and nifZ genes, and that of an L-cluster-containing NifB protein upon coexpression of Methanosarcina acetivorans nifB, nifS, and nifU genes alongside the A. vinelandii fdxN gene, in E. coli. Our metal content, activity, EPR, and XAS/EXAFS data provide conclusive evidence for the successful synthesis of P- and L-clusters in a nondiazotrophic host, thereby highlighting the effectiveness of our metallocentric, divide-and-conquer approach that individually tackles the key events of nitrogenase biosynthesis prior to piecing them together into a complete pathway for the heterologous expression of nitrogenase. As such, this work paves the way for the transgenic expression of an active nitrogenase while providing an effective tool for further tackling the biosynthetic mechanism of this important metalloenzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Quechol
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA92697-3900
| | - Joseph B. Solomon
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA92697-3900
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA92697-2025
| | - Yiling A. Liu
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA92697-3900
| | - Chi Chung Lee
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA92697-3900
| | - Andrew J. Jasniewski
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA92697-3900
| | - Kamil Górecki
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA92697-3900
| | - Paul Oyala
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA91125
| | - Britt Hedman
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, Stanford Linear Accelerator Center National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Menlo Park, CA94025
| | - Keith O. Hodgson
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, Stanford Linear Accelerator Center National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Menlo Park, CA94025
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA94305
| | - Markus W. Ribbe
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA92697-3900
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA92697-2025
| | - Yilin Hu
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA92697-3900
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4
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Dalai S, Sivan M, Husain MA, Alam N, Landrot G, Biswas A. Mechanistic Insight into the Abiotic Interactions of Selenate and Selenite with Natural Organic Matter. Environ Sci Technol 2023; 57:16595-16605. [PMID: 37855829 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c06276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
Natural organic matter (NOM) decreases the selenium (Se) mobility in soil and sediment. Biotic dissimilatory reduction of selenate and selenite and assimilation of the reduced Se species into biomolecules are thought to be primarily responsible for this decreased Se mobility. However, the possibility of Se immobilization due to the abiotic interaction of Se species with NOM is still poorly understood. Equilibrating selenate and selenite with a model NOM (Pahokee peat soil), followed by X-ray absorption spectroscopic analysis, this study shows that the NOM can abiotically reduce highly mobile selenate into relatively less mobile selenite. NOM can sorb Se species, especially selenite, considerably. Preloading of the NOM with Fe(III) increases the sorption of selenite and selenate by several orders of magnitude. Modeling of the Se and Fe K-edge EXAFS data revealed that Se species are sorbed to NOM due to indirect complexation with the organically complexed Fe(O,OH)6 octahedra through the corner- (2C) and edge-sharing (1E) and direct complexation with the oxygen-containing functional groups of the NOM. This study concludes that the abiotic reduction and complexation of the Se species with NOM can be the additional or alternative route of Se immobilization in the NOM-rich soil and sediment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhashree Dalai
- Environmental Geochemistry Laboratory, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Bhopal, Bhopal Bypass Road, Bhauri 462066, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Malavika Sivan
- Environmental Geochemistry Laboratory, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Bhopal, Bhopal Bypass Road, Bhauri 462066, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Mohd Amir Husain
- Environmental Geochemistry Laboratory, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Bhopal, Bhopal Bypass Road, Bhauri 462066, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Naved Alam
- Environmental Geochemistry Laboratory, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Bhopal, Bhopal Bypass Road, Bhauri 462066, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Gautier Landrot
- SOLEIL Synchrotron, L'Orme des Merisiers, Saint-Aubin, BP 48, Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex 91192, France
| | - Ashis Biswas
- Environmental Geochemistry Laboratory, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Bhopal, Bhopal Bypass Road, Bhauri 462066, Madhya Pradesh, India
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5
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Furcas F, Lothenbach B, Mundra S, Borca CN, Albert CC, Isgor OB, Huthwelker T, Angst UM. Transformation of 2-Line Ferrihydrite to Goethite at Alkaline pH. Environ Sci Technol 2023; 57:16097-16108. [PMID: 37822288 PMCID: PMC10603785 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c05260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
The transformation of 2-line ferrihydrite to goethite from supersaturated solutions at alkaline pH ≥ 13.0 was studied using a combination of benchtop and advanced synchrotron techniques such as X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, and X-ray absorption spectroscopy. In comparison to the transformation rates at acidic to mildly alkaline environments, the half-life, t1/2, of 2-line ferrihydrite reduces from several months at pH = 2.0, and approximately 15 days at pH = 10.0, to just under 5 h at pH = 14.0. The calculated-first order rate constants of transformation, k, increase exponentially with respect to the pH and follow the progression log10 k = log10 k0 + a·pH3. Simultaneous monitoring of the aqueous Fe(III) concentration via inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy demonstrates that (i) goethite likely precipitates from solution and (ii) its formation is rate-limited by the comparatively slow redissolution of 2-line ferrihydrite. The analysis presented can be used to estimate the transformation rate of naturally occurring 2-line ferrihydrite in aqueous electrolytes characteristic to mine and radioactive waste tailings as well as the formation of corrosion products in cementitious pore solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio
E. Furcas
- Institute
for Building Materials, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | | | - Shishir Mundra
- Institute
for Building Materials, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Camelia N. Borca
- Swiss
Light Source, Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | | | - O. Burkan Isgor
- School
of Civil and Construction Engineering, Oregon
State University, Corvallis, 97331 Oregon, United States
| | - Thomas Huthwelker
- Swiss
Light Source, Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Ueli M. Angst
- Institute
for Building Materials, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
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6
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Chen D, Khetan A, Lei H, Rizzotto V, Yang JY, Jiang J, Sun Q, Peng B, Chen P, Palkovits R, Ye D, Simon U. Copper Site Motion Promotes Catalytic NO x Reduction under Zeolite Confinement. Environ Sci Technol 2023; 57:16121-16130. [PMID: 37842921 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c03422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
Ammonia-mediated selective catalytic reduction (NH3-SCR) is currently the key approach to abate nitrogen oxides (NOx) emitted from heavy-duty lean-burn vehicles. The state-of-art NH3-SCR catalysts, namely, copper ion-exchanged chabazite (Cu-CHA) zeolites, perform rather poorly at low temperatures (below 200 °C) and are thus incapable of eliminating effectively NOx emissions under cold-start conditions. Here, we demonstrate a significant promotion of low-temperature NOx reduction by reinforcing the dynamic motion of zeolite-confined Cu sites during NH3-SCR. Combining complex impedance-based in situ spectroscopy (IS) and extended density-functional tight-binding molecular dynamics simulation, we revealed an environment- and temperature-dependent nature of the dynamic Cu motion within the zeolite lattice. Further coupling in situ IS with infrared spectroscopy allows us to unravel the critical role of monovalent Cu in the overall Cu mobility at a molecular level. Based on these mechanistic understandings, we elicit a boost of NOx reduction below 200 °C by reinforcing the dynamic Cu motion in various Cu-zeolites (Cu-CHA, Cu-ZSM-5, Cu-Beta, etc.) via facile postsynthesis treatments, either in a reductive mixture at low temperatures (below 250 °C) or in a nonoxidative atmosphere at high temperatures (above 450 °C).
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongdong Chen
- National Engineering Laboratory for VOCs Pollution Control Technology and Equipment, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment and Pollution Control, School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, 510006 Guangzhou, China
| | - Abhishek Khetan
- Multiscale Modelling of Heterogeneous Catalysis in Energy Systems, RWTH Aachen University, Schinkelstrasse 8, 52062 Aachen, Germany
| | - Huarong Lei
- National Engineering Laboratory for VOCs Pollution Control Technology and Equipment, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment and Pollution Control, School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, 510006 Guangzhou, China
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1a, 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Valentina Rizzotto
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1a, 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Jia-Yue Yang
- Optics & Thermal Radiation Research Center, Shandong University, 266237 Qingdao, China
| | - Jiuxing Jiang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, 510275 Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiming Sun
- Innovation Center for Chemical Sciences, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, 215123 Suzhou, China
| | - Baoxiang Peng
- Laboratory of Industrial Chemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, 44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - Peirong Chen
- National Engineering Laboratory for VOCs Pollution Control Technology and Equipment, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment and Pollution Control, School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, 510006 Guangzhou, China
| | - Regina Palkovits
- Chair of Heterogeneous Catalysis and Chemical Technology, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 2, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Daiqi Ye
- National Engineering Laboratory for VOCs Pollution Control Technology and Equipment, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment and Pollution Control, School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, 510006 Guangzhou, China
| | - Ulrich Simon
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1a, 52074 Aachen Germany
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7
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Zurita C, Tsushima S, Solari PL, Menut D, Dourdain S, Jeanson A, Creff G, Den Auwer C. Interaction Between the Transferrin Protein and Plutonium (and Thorium), What's New? Chemistry 2023; 29:e202300636. [PMID: 37526142 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202300636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
Transferrin (Tf) is a glycoprotein that transports iron from the serum to the various organs. Several studies have highlighted that Tf can interact with metals other than Fe(III), including actinides that are chemical and radiological toxics. We propose here to report on the behavior of Th(IV) and Pu(IV) in comparison with Fe(III) upon Tf complexation. We considered UV-Vis and IR data of the M2 Tf complex (M=Fe, Th, Pu) and combined experimental EXAFS data with MD models. EXAFS data of the first M-O coordination sphere are consistent with the MD model considering 1 synergistic carbonate. Further EXAFS data analysis strongly suggests that contamination by Th/Pu colloids seems to occur upon Tf complexation, but it seems limited. SAXS data have also been recorded for all complexes and also after the addition of Deferoxamine-B (DFOB) in the medium. The Rg values are very close for apoTf, ThTf and PuTf, but slightly larger than for holoTf. Data suggest that the structure of the protein is more ellipsoidal than spherical, with a flattened oblate form. From this data, the following order of conformation size might be considered:holoTf
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Affiliation(s)
- Cyril Zurita
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Institut de Chimie de Nice, 06108, Nice, France
| | - Satoru Tsushima
- Institute of Resource Ecology, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), 01328, Dresden, Germany
- Internationnal Research Frontiers Initiative, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro, 152-8550, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Denis Menut
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, L'Orme des Merisiers, 91190, Saint Aubin, France
| | | | - Aurélie Jeanson
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Institut de Chimie de Nice, 06108, Nice, France
| | - Gaëlle Creff
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Institut de Chimie de Nice, 06108, Nice, France
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8
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Perez-Aguilar JE, Caine A, Bare SR, Hoffman AS. CatMass: software for calculating optimal sample masses for X-ray absorption spectroscopy experiments involving complex sample compositions. J Synchrotron Radiat 2023; 30:1023-1029. [PMID: 37594862 PMCID: PMC10481269 DOI: 10.1107/s160057752300615x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents software for calculating the optimal mass of samples with complex compositions (e.g. supported metal catalysts) for X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) and scattering measurements. The ability to calculate the sample mass and other relevant parameters needed for an XAS measurement allows experimentalists to be better prepared in terms of detector selection, energy range of scan and overall time needed to complete the measurement, thus increasing efficiency. CatMass builds on existing sample mass calculators allowing users to determine the optimum sample preparation, collection geometry, usable energy range for a scan and approximate edge step of the absorption event. Visualization tools present the absorption calculation results in a format familiar to XAS experimentalists, with the added ability to save calculations and plots for future reference or recalculation. CatMass is a program broadly applicable in catalysis and is helpful for users with complex samples due to composition/stoichiometry or multiple competing elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge E. Perez-Aguilar
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Ash Caine
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Simon R. Bare
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Adam S. Hoffman
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
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9
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Tavani F, Busato M, Veclani D, Braglia L, Mauri S, Torelli P, D'Angelo P. Investigating the High-Temperature Water/MgCl 2 Interface through Ambient Pressure Soft X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2023. [PMID: 37199730 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c02985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Magnesium chloride is a prototypical deliquescent material whose surface properties, although central for Ziegler-Natta cataysis, have so far remained elusive to experimental characterization. In this work, we use surface-selective X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) at ambient pressure in combination with multivariate curve resolution, molecular dynamics, and XAS theoretical methods to track in real time and accurately describe the interaction between water vapor and the MgCl2 surface. By exposing MgCl2 to water vapor at temperatures between 595 and 391 K, we show that water is preferentially adsorbed on five-coordinated Mg2+ sites in an octahedral configuration, confirming previous theoretical predictions, and find that MgCl2 is capable of retaining a significant amount of adsorbed water even under prolonged heating to 595 K. As a consequence, our work provides first experimental insights into the unique surface affinity of MgCl2 for atmospheric water. The developed technique is proven highly sensitive to the modifications induced by adsorbates on a given low-Z metal based surface and may be useful in the toolbox required to disentangle the mechanisms of interfacial chemical processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Tavani
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Roma "La Sapienza", P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Matteo Busato
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Roma "La Sapienza", P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Daniele Veclani
- Istituto per la Sintesi Organica e la Fotoreattività (ISOF), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), via P. Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy
| | - Luca Braglia
- CNR - Istituto Officina dei Materiali, TASC, I-34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Silvia Mauri
- CNR - Istituto Officina dei Materiali, TASC, I-34149 Trieste, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trieste, Via A. Valerio 2, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Piero Torelli
- CNR - Istituto Officina dei Materiali, TASC, I-34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Paola D'Angelo
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Roma "La Sapienza", P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy
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10
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Wang FM. Preventing the Distortion of CoO 6 Octahedra of LiCoO 2 at High-Voltage Operation of Lithium-Ion Battery: An Organic Surface Reinforcement. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15092211. [PMID: 37177357 PMCID: PMC10181088 DOI: 10.3390/polym15092211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Lithium cobalt oxide (LiCoO2, LCO) has been widely used in electronic markets due to its high energy density and wide voltage range applications. Recently, high-voltage (HV, >4.5 V) operation has been required to obey the requirements of high energy density and cycle life in several applications such as electric vehicles and energy storage. However, the HV operation causes structure instability due to the over de-lithiation of LCO, as well as decomposing common carbonate solvents, thereby incurring the decay of battery performance. Moreover, a distortion of the CoO6 octahedra of LCO during de-lithiation induces a rehybridization of the Co 3d and O 2p orbitals. According to above reasons, decreasing the Co-O covalent bond promptly triggers high risks that significantly limit further use of LCO. In this research, an organic surface reinforcement by using bismaleimide-uracil (BU) that electrochemically forms a cathode electrolyte interphase (CEI) on LCO was explored. The results of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and battery performance, such as the c-rate and cyclability tests, demonstrated that the modified CEI formed from BU significantly prevents the distortion of CoO6 octahedra. X-ray photoelectronic spectroscopy and in situ XAS indicated less LiF formation and higher bond energy of Co-O improved. Finally, the differential scanning calorimetry showed the onset temperature of decomposition of LCO was extended from 245 to 270 °C at 100% state of charge, which is about a 25 °C extension. The exothermic heat of LCO decreased by approximately 30% for high-safety use. This research confirms that the BU is eligible for high voltage (>4.5 V) LCO and presents outstanding electrochemical properties and safety performances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu-Ming Wang
- Graduate Institute of Applied Science and Technology, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 106335, Taiwan
- Sustainable Energy Center, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 106335, Taiwan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan 320314, Taiwan
- R&D Center for Membrane Technology, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan 320314, Taiwan
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11
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Joo E, Hur JW, Ko JY, Kim TG, Hwang JY, Smith KE, Lee H, Cho SW. Effects of HAT-CN Layer Thickness on Molecular Orientation and Energy-Level Alignment with ZnPc. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28093821. [PMID: 37175231 PMCID: PMC10179936 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28093821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Efficient energy-level alignment is crucial for achieving high performance in organic electronic devices. Because the electronic structure of an organic semiconductor is significantly influenced by its molecular orientation, comprehensively understanding the molecular orientation and electronic structure of the organic layer is essential. In this study, we investigated the interface between a 1,4,5,8,9,11-hexaazatriphenylene hexacarbonitrile (HAT-CN) hole injection layer and a zinc-phthalocyanine (ZnPc) p-type organic semiconductor. To determine the energy-level alignment and molecular orientation, we conducted in situ ultraviolet and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopies, as well as angle-resolved X-ray absorption spectroscopy. We found that the HAT-CN molecules were oriented relatively face-on (40°) in the thin (5 nm) layer, whereas they were oriented relatively edge-on (62°) in the thick (100 nm) layer. By contrast, ZnPc orientation was not significantly altered by the underlying HAT-CN orientation. The highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) level of ZnPc was closer to the Fermi level on the 100 nm thick HAT-CN layer than on the 5 nm thick HAT-CN layer because of the higher work function. Consequently, a considerably low energy gap between the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital level of HAT-CN and the HOMO level of ZnPc was formed in the 100 nm thick HAT-CN case. This may improve the hole injection ability of the anode system, which can be utilized in various electronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunah Joo
- Department of Physics and Engineering Physics, Yonsei University, 1 Yonseidae-gil, Wonju-si 26493, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Woo Hur
- Department of Physics and Engineering Physics, Yonsei University, 1 Yonseidae-gil, Wonju-si 26493, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon Young Ko
- Department of Physics and Engineering Physics, Yonsei University, 1 Yonseidae-gil, Wonju-si 26493, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Gyun Kim
- Department of Physics and Engineering Physics, Yonsei University, 1 Yonseidae-gil, Wonju-si 26493, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Yeon Hwang
- Department of Physics and Engineering Physics, Yonsei University, 1 Yonseidae-gil, Wonju-si 26493, Republic of Korea
| | - Kevin E Smith
- Department of Physics, Boston University, 590 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Hyunbok Lee
- Department of Physics and Institute of Quantum Convergence Technology, Kangwon National University, 1 Gangwondaehak-gil, Chuncheon-si 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Wan Cho
- Department of Physics and Engineering Physics, Yonsei University, 1 Yonseidae-gil, Wonju-si 26493, Republic of Korea
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12
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Baza-Varas A, Roqué-Rosell J, Canals M, Frigola J, Cerdà-Domènech M, Sanchez-Vidal A, Amblàs D, Campeny M, Marini C. As and S speciation in a submarine sulfide mine tailings deposit and its environmental significance: The study case of Portmán Bay (SE Spain). Sci Total Environ 2023; 882:163649. [PMID: 37094676 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The dumping of an estimated amount of 57 million tons of hazardous sulfide mine waste from 1957 to 1990 into Portmán's Bay (SE Spain) caused one of the most severe cases of persistent anthropogenic impact in Europe's costal and marine environments. The resulting mine tailings deposit completely infilled Portmán's Bay and extended seawards on the continental shelf, bearing high levels of metals and As. The present work, where Synchrotron XAS, XRF core scanner and other data are combined, reveals the simultaneous presence of arsenopyrite (FeAsS), scorodite (FeAsO₄·2H₂O), orpiment (As2S3) and realgar (AsS) in the submarine extension of the mine tailings deposit. In addition to arsenopyrite weathering and scorodite formation, the, the presence of realgar and orpiment is discussed, considering both potential sourcing from the exploited ores and in situ precipitation from a combination of inorganic and biologically mediated geochemical processes. Whereas the formation of scorodite relates to the oxidation of arsenopyrite, we hypothesize that the presence of orpiment and realgar is associated to scorodite dissolution and subsequent precipitation of these two minerals within the mine tailings deposit under moderately reducing conditions. The occurrence of organic debris and reduced organic sulfur compounds evidences the activity of sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) and provides a plausible explanation to the reactions leading to the formation of authigenic realgar and orpiment. The precipitation of these two minerals in the mine tailings, according to our hypothesis, has important consequences for As mobility since this process would reduce the release of As into the surrounding environment. Our work provides for the first time valuable hints on As speciation in a massive submarine sulfide mine tailings deposit, which is highly relevant for similar situations worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Baza-Varas
- GRC Geociències Marines, Departament de Dinàmica de la Terra i de l'Oceà, Facultat de Ciències de la Terra, Martí i Franquès s/n, 08028 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - J Roqué-Rosell
- Departament de Mineralogia, Petrologia i Geologia Aplicada, Facultat de Ciències de la Terra, Martí i Franquès s/n, 08028 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - M Canals
- GRC Geociències Marines, Departament de Dinàmica de la Terra i de l'Oceà, Facultat de Ciències de la Terra, Martí i Franquès s/n, 08028 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - J Frigola
- GRC Geociències Marines, Departament de Dinàmica de la Terra i de l'Oceà, Facultat de Ciències de la Terra, Martí i Franquès s/n, 08028 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - M Cerdà-Domènech
- GRC Geociències Marines, Departament de Dinàmica de la Terra i de l'Oceà, Facultat de Ciències de la Terra, Martí i Franquès s/n, 08028 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - A Sanchez-Vidal
- GRC Geociències Marines, Departament de Dinàmica de la Terra i de l'Oceà, Facultat de Ciències de la Terra, Martí i Franquès s/n, 08028 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - D Amblàs
- GRC Geociències Marines, Departament de Dinàmica de la Terra i de l'Oceà, Facultat de Ciències de la Terra, Martí i Franquès s/n, 08028 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - M Campeny
- Museu de Ciències Naturals de Barcelona, Passeig Picasso s/n, 08003 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - C Marini
- CELLS - ALBA Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Carrer de la Llum 2-26, 08090, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
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13
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Giraudon-Colas G, Devineau S, Marichal L, Barruet E, Zitolo A, Renault JP, Pin S. How Nanoparticles Modify Adsorbed Proteins: Impact of Silica Nanoparticles on the Hemoglobin Active Site. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24. [PMID: 36835069 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The adsorption of proteins on surfaces has been studied for a long time, but the relationship between the structural and functional properties of the adsorbed protein and the adsorption mechanism remains unclear. Using hemoglobin adsorbed on silica nanoparticles, we have previously shown that hemoglobin's affinity towards oxygen increases with adsorption. Nevertheless, it was also shown that there were no significant changes in the quaternary and secondary structures. In order to understand the change in activity, we decided in this work to focus on the active sites of hemoglobin, the heme and its iron. After measuring adsorption isotherms of porcine hemoglobin on Ludox silica nanoparticles, we analyzed the structural modifications of adsorbed hemoglobin by X-ray absorption spectroscopy and circular dichroism spectra in the Soret region. It was found that upon adsorption, there were modifications in the heme pocket environment due to changes in the angles of the heme vinyl functions. These alterations can explain the greater affinity observed.
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14
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Tereba N, Muzioł TM, Wiśniewska J, Podgajny R, Bieńko A, Wrzeszcz G. Structural Diversity, XAS and Magnetism of Copper(II)-Nickel(II) Heterometallic Complexes Based on the [Ni(NCS) 6] 4- Unit. Materials (Basel) 2023; 16:731. [PMID: 36676467 PMCID: PMC9861906 DOI: 10.3390/ma16020731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The new heterometallic compounds, [{Cu(pn)2}2Ni(NCS)6]n·2nH2O (1), [{CuII(trien)}2Ni(NCS)6CuI(NCS)]n (2) and [Cu(tren)(NCS)]4[Ni(NCS)6] (3) (pn = 1,2-diaminopropane, trien = triethylenetetramine and tren = tris(2-aminoethylo)amine), were obtained and characterized by X-ray analysis, IR spectra, XAS and magnetic measurements. Compounds 1, 2 and 3 show the structural diversity of 2D, 1D and 0D compounds, respectively. Depending on the polyamine used, different coordination polyhedron for Cu(II) was found, i.e., distorted octahedral (1), square pyramidal (2) and trigonal bipyramidal (3), whereas coordination polyhedron for nickel(II) was always octahedral. It provides an approach for tailoring magnetic properties by proper selection of auxiliary ligands determining the topology. In 1, thiocyanate ligands form bridges between the copper and nickel ions, creating 2D layers of sql topology with weak ferromagnetic interactions. Compound 2 is a mixed-valence copper coordination polymer and shows the rare ladder topology of 1D chains decorated with [CuII(tren)]2+ antennas as the side chains attached to nickel(II). The ladder rails are formed by alternately arranged Ni(II) and Cu(I) ions connected by N2 thiocyanate anions and rungs made by N3 thiocyanate. For the Cu(I) ions, the tetrahedral thiocyanate environment mixed N/S donor atoms was found, confirming significant coordination spheres rearrangement occurring at the copper precursor together with the reduction in some Cu(II) to Cu(I). Such topology enables significant simplification of the magnetic properties modeling by assuming magnetic coupling inside {NiIICuII2} trinuclear units separated by diamagnetic [Cu(NCS)(SCN)3]3- linkers. Compound 3 shows three discrete mononuclear units connected by N-H…N and N-H…S hydrogen bonds. Analysis of XAS proves that the average ligand character and the covalency of the unoccupied metal d-based orbitals for copper(II) and nickel(II) increase in the following order: 1 → 2 → 3. In 1 and 2, a weak ferromagnetic coupling between copper(II) and nickel(II) was found, but in 2, additional and stronger antiferromagnetic interaction between copper(II) ions prevailed. Compound 3, as an ionic pair, shows, as expected, a spin-only magnetic moment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Tereba
- Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Gagarina 7, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
| | - Tadeusz M. Muzioł
- Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Gagarina 7, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
| | - Joanna Wiśniewska
- Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Gagarina 7, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
| | - Robert Podgajny
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
| | - Alina Bieńko
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Wrzeszcz
- Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Gagarina 7, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
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15
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Stagg O, Morris K, Townsend LT, Kvashnina KO, Baker ML, Dempsey RL, Abrahamsen-Mills L, Shaw S. Sulfidation and Reoxidation of U(VI)-Incorporated Goethite: Implications for U Retention during Sub-Surface Redox Cycling. Environ Sci Technol 2022; 56:17643-17652. [PMID: 36449568 PMCID: PMC9775214 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c05314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Over 60 years of nuclear activity have resulted in a global legacy of contaminated land and radioactive waste. Uranium (U) is a significant component of this legacy and is present in radioactive wastes and at many contaminated sites. U-incorporated iron (oxyhydr)oxides may provide a long-term barrier to U migration in the environment. However, reductive dissolution of iron (oxyhydr)oxides can occur on reaction with aqueous sulfide (sulfidation), a common environmental species, due to the microbial reduction of sulfate. In this work, U(VI)-goethite was initially reacted with aqueous sulfide, followed by a reoxidation reaction, to further understand the long-term fate of U species under fluctuating environmental conditions. Over the first day of sulfidation, a transient release of aqueous U was observed, likely due to intermediate uranyl(VI)-persulfide species. Despite this, overall U was retained in the solid phase, with the formation of nanocrystalline U(IV)O2 in the sulfidized system along with a persistent U(V) component. On reoxidation, U was associated with an iron (oxyhydr)oxide phase either as an adsorbed uranyl (approximately 65%) or an incorporated U (35%) species. These findings support the overarching concept of iron (oxyhydr)oxides acting as a barrier to U migration in the environment, even under fluctuating redox conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olwen Stagg
- Research
Centre for Radwaste Disposal and Williamson Research Centre for Molecular
Environmental Science, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of Manchester, ManchesterM13 9PL, U.K.
| | - Katherine Morris
- Research
Centre for Radwaste Disposal and Williamson Research Centre for Molecular
Environmental Science, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of Manchester, ManchesterM13 9PL, U.K.
| | - Luke Thomas Townsend
- Research
Centre for Radwaste Disposal and Williamson Research Centre for Molecular
Environmental Science, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of Manchester, ManchesterM13 9PL, U.K.
| | - Kristina O. Kvashnina
- The
Rossendorf Beamline at ESRF—The European Synchrotron, CS40220, Grenoble Cedex 938043France
- Institute
of Resource Ecology, Helmholtz Zentrum Dresden
Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden01314, Germany
| | - Michael L. Baker
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, ManchesterM13 9PL, U.K.
- The
University of Manchester at Harwell, The University of Manchester, Diamond Light Source, Harwell Campus, DidcotOX11 0DE, U.K.
| | - Ryan L. Dempsey
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, ManchesterM13 9PL, U.K.
| | | | - Samuel Shaw
- Research
Centre for Radwaste Disposal and Williamson Research Centre for Molecular
Environmental Science, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of Manchester, ManchesterM13 9PL, U.K.
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16
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Formentini TA, Basile-Doelsch I, Legros S, Frierdich AJ, Pinheiro A, Fernandes CVS, Mallmann FJK, Borschneck D, da Veiga M, Doelsch E. Copper (Cu) speciation in organic-waste (OW) amended soil: Instability of OW-borne Cu(I) sulfide and role of clay and iron oxide minerals. Sci Total Environ 2022; 848:157779. [PMID: 35926606 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The geochemistry of copper (Cu) is generally assumed to be controlled by organic matter in soils. However, the role of clay and iron oxide minerals may be understated. Soil density fractionation, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) were combined to assess the long-term behavior of Cu in an agricultural soil subject to organic waste application. Two unprecedented molecular environments of natural Cu (i.e. Cu inherited from the parent rock) in soils are reported: Cu dimer in the interlayer of vermiculite and Cu structurally incorporated within hematite. Moreover, the soil naturally containing Cu-vermiculite, Cu-hematite, but also Cu-kaolinite (Cutotal = 122 mg·kg-1) was amended over 11 years with Cu-rich pig slurry in which Cu was 100 % Cu(I) sulfide. Natural Cu associated with clay and iron oxide minerals persisted in the amended soil, but the exogenous Cu(I) sulfide was unstable. The increase in Cu concentration in the amended soil to 174 mg·kg-1 was accounted for the increase of Cu sorbed to kaolinite and Cu bound to organic matter. These results are important for better understanding the natural occurrence of Cu in soils and for assessing the environmental impacts of organic waste recycling in agricultural fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiago A Formentini
- Department of Soil and Environment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P. O. Box 7014, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden; Department of Hydraulics and Sanitation, Federal University of Parana (UFPR), 81531-980 Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
| | - Isabelle Basile-Doelsch
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, IRD, Coll France, INRA, CEREGE, F-13545 Aix-en-Provence, France
| | - Samuel Legros
- CIRAD, UPR Recyclage et risque, F-34398 Montpellier, France; Recyclage et Risque, Univ. Montpellier, CIRAD, Montpellier, France
| | - Andrew J Frierdich
- School of Earth, Atmosphere & Environment, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Adilson Pinheiro
- Environmental Engineering Program, Regional University of Blumenau (FURB), 89030-000 Blumenau, SC, Brazil
| | - Cristovão V S Fernandes
- Department of Hydraulics and Sanitation, Federal University of Parana (UFPR), 81531-980 Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Fábio J K Mallmann
- Department of Soils, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Daniel Borschneck
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, IRD, Coll France, INRA, CEREGE, F-13545 Aix-en-Provence, France
| | | | - Emmanuel Doelsch
- CIRAD, UPR Recyclage et risque, F-34398 Montpellier, France; Recyclage et Risque, Univ. Montpellier, CIRAD, Montpellier, France
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17
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Tian X, Xie H, Li J, Cui L, Yu YL, Li B, Li YF. Nano-WSe 2 Is Absorbable and Transformable by Rice Plants. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27227826. [PMID: 36431926 PMCID: PMC9694913 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27227826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
As typical transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDC), tungsten selenide (WSe2) nanosheets (nano-WSe2) are widely used in various fields due to their layered structures and highly tunable electronic and magnetic properties, which results in the unwanted release of tungsten (W) and selenium (Se) into the environment. However, the environmental effects of nano-WSe2 in plants are still unclear. Herein, we evaluated the impacts and fate of nano-WSe2 and micro-WSe2 in rice plants (Oryza sativa L.). It was found that both nano-WSe2 and micro-WSe2 did not affect the germination of rice seeds up to 5000 mg/L but nano-WSe2 affected the growth of rice seedlings with shortened root lengths. The uptake and transportation of WSe2 was found to be size-dependent. Moreover, W in WSe2 was oxidized to tungstate while Se was transformed to selenocysteine, selenomethionine, SeIV and SeVI in the roots of rice when exposed to nano-WSe2, suggesting the transformation of nano-WSe2 in rice plants. The exposure to nano-WSe2 brought lipid peroxidative damage to rice seedlings. However, Se in nano-WSe2 did not contribute to the synthesis of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) since the latter did not change when exposed to nano-WSe2. This is the first report on the impacts and fate of nano-WSe2 in rice plants, which has raised environmental safety concerns about the wide application of TMDCs, such as WSe2 nanosheets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Tian
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS-HKU Joint Laboratory of Metallomics on Health and Environment, Beijing Metallomics Facility, National Consortium for Excellence in Metallomics, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hongxin Xie
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS-HKU Joint Laboratory of Metallomics on Health and Environment, Beijing Metallomics Facility, National Consortium for Excellence in Metallomics, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jincheng Li
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS-HKU Joint Laboratory of Metallomics on Health and Environment, Beijing Metallomics Facility, National Consortium for Excellence in Metallomics, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Liwei Cui
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yong-Liang Yu
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China
- Correspondence: (Y.-L.Y.); (Y.-F.L.); Tel.: +86-24-83688944 (Y.-L.Y.); +86-10-88233908 (Y.-F.L.)
| | - Bai Li
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS-HKU Joint Laboratory of Metallomics on Health and Environment, Beijing Metallomics Facility, National Consortium for Excellence in Metallomics, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yu-Feng Li
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS-HKU Joint Laboratory of Metallomics on Health and Environment, Beijing Metallomics Facility, National Consortium for Excellence in Metallomics, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Correspondence: (Y.-L.Y.); (Y.-F.L.); Tel.: +86-24-83688944 (Y.-L.Y.); +86-10-88233908 (Y.-F.L.)
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18
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Ng KH, Hsu LC, Liu YT, Hsiao CY, Chiang PN, Teah HY, Hung JT, Tzou YM. Cross-redox and simultaneous removal of Cr(VI) and As(III): Influences of Fe(II), Fe(III), oxalic acid, and dissolved organic carbon. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2022; 245:114084. [PMID: 36152429 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.114084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] and arsenite [As(III)] are hazardous to both human and ecosystem. While their cross-redox reaction decreases both their toxicities, the interferences from ubiquitous substances like Fe (Fe(II) and Fe(III)) and organic compounds (oxalic acid and soil-extracted dissolved organic carbon (DOC)) on such interaction are rarely reported; thence, inspires the investigation in this study. Results showed that the cross-redox, in the absence of interfering substances, only occurred at pH≤2.0, with reaction orders of 0.676 and 0.783 in respect to the concentration of Cr(VI) and As(III). The pseudo-reaction constant, k', of such reaction was recorded at 0.087 m1.377/(mmol0.459 min). With the addition of Fe(II), the rate of Cr(VI) reduction is promoted in conjunction with suppressed As(III) oxidation. Upon neutralizing to pH 6.0, such reduced Cr can be entirely removed via Fe(II)-assisted adsorption and/or co-precipitation. Meanwhile, the elimination of aqueous As is relatively inferior (36 %), attributed to the largely preserved As(III), which is less susceptible to adsorptive/co-precipitative removal. Unlike Fe(II), Fe(III) did not alter Cr(VI)-As(III) cross-redox path, but triggered high adsorptive and/or co-precipitative removals of Cr and As (90 %). In contrast, both organically-altered systems exhibits plummeted As(III) oxidation, under distinctive mechanisms: oxalic acid competes with As(III) in the redox interactions while DOC reduces As(V) into As(III). Also, DOC would undergo complexion with metals and/or blocked the adsorption or co-precipitation sites, leading to even lower Cr and As precipitation. This study unravelled the interference from ubiquitous species in the co-removal of Cr(VI) and As(III), which provides insightful remediation for heavy metal contaminations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim Hoong Ng
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei 24301, Taiwan; R&D Center of Biochemical Engineering Technology, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei, Taiwan; Battery Research Center of Green Energy, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei 24301, Taiwan; Center for Environmental Sustainability and Human Health, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei 24301, Taiwan
| | - Liang-Ching Hsu
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu 30076, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ting Liu
- Department of Soil and Environmental Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, 145 Xingda Rd., Taichung 402, Taiwan; Innovation and Development Center of Sustainable Agriculture, National Chung Hsing University, 145 Xingda Rd., Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Chuan-Yen Hsiao
- Department of Soil and Environmental Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, 145 Xingda Rd., Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Po-Neng Chiang
- The Experimental Forest, National Taiwan University, 12 Qianshan Rd., Nantou County 557, Taiwan
| | - Heng Yi Teah
- Waseda Research Institute for Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
| | - Jui-Ting Hung
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, National Taitung Junior College, Taitung 95045, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Min Tzou
- Department of Soil and Environmental Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, 145 Xingda Rd., Taichung 402, Taiwan; Innovation and Development Center of Sustainable Agriculture, National Chung Hsing University, 145 Xingda Rd., Taichung 402, Taiwan.
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19
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Zhou Z, Liu P, Wang S, Finfrock YZ, Ye Z, Feng Y, Li X. Iron-modified biochar-based bilayer permeable reactive barrier for Cr(VI) removal. J Hazard Mater 2022; 439:129636. [PMID: 35908398 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.129636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Iron (Fe)-modified biochar (FeBC) has been developed to remove hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) from groundwater and is suitable for use in permeable reactive barriers (PRBs). However, Cr(VI) removal behavior and chemical processes in FeBC-based PRBs are not fully understood, and the potential for Fe release has not been addressed. In this study, three FeBC-based PRBs were assessed in column experiments for 563 days with respect to their ability to remove Cr(VI). Bilayer column filled with FeBC+limestone and BC+limestone in two separate layers (FeBC_Ca_BC) showed the best performance in terms of Cr(VI) removal with a low treatment cost. The corrosion of FeBC was mainly related to pH and Cr(VI) concentration rather than flow rate. Leached Fe was attenuated by BC and limestone and reutilized in FeBC_Ca_BC. Cr(VI) was reduced to Cr(III) and then adsorbed or precipitated on the biochars. Cr and Fe formed inner-sphere complexes and then transformed from double corner sharing to edge sharing. During the reaction, Cr penetrated from the surface to the interior of the biochars and became a more stable species. This study provides evidence of the effectiveness of a new combination of biochars for Cr(VI) removal and insights into the reaction mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyi Zhou
- School of Environmental Studies & State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Peng Liu
- School of Environmental Studies & State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China.
| | - Sheng Wang
- Zhejiang Geological Prospecting Institute, China Chemical Geology and Mine Bureau, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Y Zou Finfrock
- Structural Biology Center, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL 60439, USA
| | - Zhihang Ye
- School of Environmental Studies & State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Yu Feng
- School of Environmental Studies & State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Xiaodan Li
- China Northeast Municipal Engineering Design and Research Institute Co., Ltd., Changchun 130021, China
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20
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Rada S, Unguresan M, Zhang J. XANES, EXAFS, Voltammetric, and Microhardness Studies of Manganese Dioxide-Lead-Lead Dioxide Vitroceramics. Materials (Basel) 2022; 15:6522. [PMID: 36233863 PMCID: PMC9571592 DOI: 10.3390/ma15196522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In this work we investigated the electrochemical performances and mechanical behavior of the manganese dioxide-lead dioxide-lead vitreous system. The structural and electrochemical properties of vitroceramics were investigated by the analysis of X-ray diffraction (XRD) spectra, X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS), and measurements of cyclic voltammetry and linear sweep voltammetry. The mechanical properties of the studied samples were determined by Vickers hardness values using the indentation method. The analysis of X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) data for the L3 edge of the lead and the radial distribution function data for the PbO2 and Pb model indicate the modification of Pb-O interatomic distances by the doping process. The voltammetric study reveals the vitroceramic with x = 90 mol% Pb as the most suitable for application as a lead acid battery electrode.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Rada
- Physics and Chemistry Department, Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, 400020 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- National Institute for Research and Development of Isotopic and Molecular Technologies, 400293 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - M. Unguresan
- National Institute for Research and Development of Isotopic and Molecular Technologies, 400293 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Jing Zhang
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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21
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Li J, Yu T, Wang K, Li Z, He J, Wang Y, Lei L, Zhuang L, Zhu M, Lian C, Shao Z, Xu Z. Multiscale Engineering of Nonprecious Metal Electrocatalyst for Realizing Ultrastable Seawater Splitting in Weakly Alkaline Solution. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2022; 9:e2202387. [PMID: 35798320 PMCID: PMC9443442 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202202387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Seawater electrolysis is an attractive technique for mass production of high-purity hydrogen considering the abundance of seawater. Nevertheless, due to the complexity of seawater environment, efficient anode catalyst, that should be, cost effective, highly active for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) but negligible for Cl2 /ClO- formation, and robust toward chlorine corrosion, is urgently demanded for large-scale application. Although catalysis typically appears at surface, while the bulk properties and morphology structure also have a significant impact on the performance, thus requiring a systematic optimization. Herein, a multiscale engineering approach toward the development of cost-effective and robust OER electrocatalyst for operation in seawater is reported. Specifically, the engineering of hollow-sphere structure can facilitate the removal of gas product, while atom-level synergy between Co and Fe can promote Co sites transforming to active phase, and in situ transformation of sulfate ions layer protects catalysts from corrosion. As a result, the as-developed hollow-sphere structured CoFeSx electrocatalyst can stably operate at a high current density of 100 mA cm-2 in the alkaline simulated seawater (pH = 13) for 700 h and in a neutral seawater for 20 h without attenuation. It provides a new strategy for the development of electrocatalysts with a broader application potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiankun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical EngineeringSchool of Chemical EngineeringEast China University of Science and TechnologyShanghai200237China
| | - Tingting Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical EngineeringSchool of Chemical EngineeringEast China University of Science and TechnologyShanghai200237China
| | - Keyu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical EngineeringSchool of Chemical EngineeringEast China University of Science and TechnologyShanghai200237China
| | - Zhiheng Li
- School of Chemical EngineeringChina University of PetroleumQingdao266580China
| | - Juan He
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical EngineeringSchool of Chemical EngineeringEast China University of Science and TechnologyShanghai200237China
| | - Yixing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical EngineeringSchool of Chemical EngineeringEast China University of Science and TechnologyShanghai200237China
| | - Linfeng Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical EngineeringSchool of Chemical EngineeringEast China University of Science and TechnologyShanghai200237China
| | - Linzhou Zhuang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical EngineeringSchool of Chemical EngineeringEast China University of Science and TechnologyShanghai200237China
| | - Minghui Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical EngineeringSchool of Chemical EngineeringEast China University of Science and TechnologyShanghai200237China
| | - Cheng Lian
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical EngineeringSchool of Chemical EngineeringEast China University of Science and TechnologyShanghai200237China
| | - Zongping Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Materials‐Oriented Chemical EngineeringCollege of Chemical EngineeringNanjing Tech UniversityNanjing211816China
- WA School of Mines: MineralsEnergy and Chemical Engineering (WASM‐MECE)Curtin UniversityPerthWestern Australia6102Australia
| | - Zhi Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical EngineeringSchool of Chemical EngineeringEast China University of Science and TechnologyShanghai200237China
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22
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Levcenko S, Biller R, Pfeiffelmann T, Ritter K, Falk HH, Wang T, Siebentritt S, Welter E, Schnohr CS. High-resolution XEOL spectroscopy setup at the X-ray absorption spectroscopy beamline P65 of PETRA III. J Synchrotron Radiat 2022; 29:1209-1215. [PMID: 36073879 PMCID: PMC9455204 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577522007287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
A newly designed setup to perform steady-state X-ray excited optical luminescence (XEOL) spectroscopy and simultaneous XEOL and X-ray absorption spectroscopy characterization at beamline P65 of PETRA III is described. The XEOL setup is equipped with a He-flow cryostat and state-of-the-art optical detection system, which covers a wide wavelength range of 300-1700 nm with a high spectral resolution of 0.4 nm. To demonstrate the setup functioning, low-temperature XEOL studies on polycrystalline CuInSe2 thin film, single-crystalline GaN thin film and single-crystalline ZnO bulk semiconductor samples are performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Levcenko
- Felix-Bloch-Institut für Festkörperphysik, Universität Leipzig, Linnéstraße 5, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - R. Biller
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - T. Pfeiffelmann
- Felix-Bloch-Institut für Festkörperphysik, Universität Leipzig, Linnéstraße 5, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - K. Ritter
- Felix-Bloch-Institut für Festkörperphysik, Universität Leipzig, Linnéstraße 5, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - H. H. Falk
- Felix-Bloch-Institut für Festkörperphysik, Universität Leipzig, Linnéstraße 5, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - T. Wang
- Laboratory for Photovoltaics, Department of Physics and Materials Science, University of Luxembourg, Rue du Brill 41, 4422 Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - S. Siebentritt
- Laboratory for Photovoltaics, Department of Physics and Materials Science, University of Luxembourg, Rue du Brill 41, 4422 Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - E. Welter
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - C. S. Schnohr
- Felix-Bloch-Institut für Festkörperphysik, Universität Leipzig, Linnéstraße 5, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
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23
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Tavani F, Busato M, Braglia L, Mauri S, Torelli P, D’Angelo P. Caught while Dissolving: Revealing the Interfacial Solvation of the Mg 2+ Ions on the MgO Surface. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2022; 14:38370-38378. [PMID: 35968677 PMCID: PMC9412945 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c10005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Interfaces between water and materials are ubiquitous and are crucial in materials sciences and in biology, where investigating the interaction of water with the surface under ambient conditions is key to shedding light on the main processes occurring at the interface. Magnesium oxide is a popular model system to study the metal oxide-water interface, where, for sufficient water loadings, theoretical models have suggested that reconstructed surfaces involving hydrated Mg2+ metal ions may be energetically favored. In this work, by combining experimental and theoretical surface-selective ambient pressure X-ray absorption spectroscopy with multivariate curve resolution and molecular dynamics, we evidence in real time the occurrence of Mg2+ solvation at the interphase between MgO and solvating media such as water and methanol (MeOH). Further, we show that the Mg2+ surface ions undergo a reversible solvation process, we prove the dissolution/redeposition of the Mg2+ ions belonging to the MgO surface, and we demonstrate the formation of octahedral [Mg(H2O)6]2+ and [Mg(MeOH)6]2+ intermediate solvated species. The unique surface, electronic, and structural sensitivity of the developed technique may be beneficial to access often elusive properties of low-Z metal ion intermediates involved in interfacial processes of chemical and biological interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Tavani
- Dipartimento
di Chimica, Università di Roma “La
Sapienza”, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Matteo Busato
- Dipartimento
di Chimica, Università di Roma “La
Sapienza”, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Luca Braglia
- CNR
- Istituto Officina dei Materiali, TASC, I-34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Silvia Mauri
- CNR
- Istituto Officina dei Materiali, TASC, I-34149 Trieste, Italy
- Dipartimento
di Fisica, Università di Trieste, Via A. Valerio 2, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Piero Torelli
- CNR
- Istituto Officina dei Materiali, TASC, I-34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Paola D’Angelo
- Dipartimento
di Chimica, Università di Roma “La
Sapienza”, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy
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24
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Pellei M, Santini C, Bagnarelli L, Battocchio C, Iucci G, Venditti I, Meneghini C, Amatori S, Sgarbossa P, Marzano C, De Franco M, Gandin V. Exploring the Antitumor Potential of Copper Complexes Based on Ester Derivatives of Bis(pyrazol-1-yl)acetate Ligands. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23169397. [PMID: 36012662 PMCID: PMC9409343 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23169397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Bis(pyrazol-1-yl)acetic acid (HC(pz)2COOH) and bis(3,5-dimethyl-pyrazol-1-yl)acetic acid (HC(pzMe2)2COOH) were converted into the methyl ester derivatives 1 (LOMe) and 2 (L2OMe), respectively, and were used for the preparation of Cu(I) and Cu(II) complexes 3–10. The copper(II) complexes were prepared by the reaction of CuCl2·2H2O or CuBr2 with ligands 1 and 2 in methanol solution. The copper(I) complexes were prepared by the reaction of Cu[(CH3CN)4]PF6 and 1,3,5-triaza-7-phosphaadamantane (PTA) or triphenylphosphine with LOMe and L2OMe in acetonitrile solution. Synchrotron radiation-based complementary techniques (XPS, NEXAFS, and XAS) were used to investigate the electronic and molecular structures of the complexes and the local structure around copper ions in selected Cu(I) and Cu(II) coordination compounds. All Cu(I) and Cu(II) complexes showed a significant in vitro antitumor activity, proving to be more effective than the reference drug cisplatin in a panel of human cancer cell lines, and were able to overcome cisplatin resistance. Noticeably, Cu complexes appeared much more effective than cisplatin in 3D spheroid cultures. Mechanistic studies revealed that the antitumor potential did not correlate with cellular accumulation but was consistent with intracellular targeting of PDI, ER stress, and paraptotic cell death induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maura Pellei
- School of Science and Technology, Chemistry Division, University of Camerino, Via S. Agostino 1, 62032 Camerino, Italy
| | - Carlo Santini
- School of Science and Technology, Chemistry Division, University of Camerino, Via S. Agostino 1, 62032 Camerino, Italy
- Correspondence: (C.S.); (V.G.)
| | - Luca Bagnarelli
- School of Science and Technology, Chemistry Division, University of Camerino, Via S. Agostino 1, 62032 Camerino, Italy
| | - Chiara Battocchio
- Department of Science, Roma Tre University, Via della Vasca Navale 79, 00146 Roma, Italy
| | - Giovanna Iucci
- Department of Science, Roma Tre University, Via della Vasca Navale 79, 00146 Roma, Italy
| | - Iole Venditti
- Department of Science, Roma Tre University, Via della Vasca Navale 79, 00146 Roma, Italy
| | - Carlo Meneghini
- Department of Science, Roma Tre University, Via della Vasca Navale 79, 00146 Roma, Italy
| | - Simone Amatori
- Department of Science, Roma Tre University, Via della Vasca Navale 79, 00146 Roma, Italy
| | - Paolo Sgarbossa
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 9, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Cristina Marzano
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 5, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Michele De Franco
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 5, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Valentina Gandin
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 5, 35131 Padova, Italy
- Correspondence: (C.S.); (V.G.)
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25
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Ho MS, Vettese GF, Morris K, Lloyd JR, Boothman C, Bower WR, Shaw S, Law GTW. Retention of immobile Se(0) in flow-through aquifer column systems during bioreduction and oxic-remobilization. Sci Total Environ 2022; 834:155332. [PMID: 35460788 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Selenium (Se) is a toxic contaminant with multiple anthropogenic sources, including 79Se from nuclear fission. Se mobility in the geosphere is generally governed by its oxidation state, therefore understanding Se speciation under variable redox conditions is important for the safe management of Se contaminated sites. Here, we investigate Se behavior in sediment groundwater column systems. Experiments were conducted with environmentally relevant Se concentrations, using a range of groundwater compositions, and the impact of electron-donor (i.e., biostimulation) and groundwater sulfate addition was examined over a period of 170 days. X-Ray Absorption Spectroscopy and standard geochemical techniques were used to track changes in sediment associated Se concentration and speciation. Electron-donor amended systems with and without added sulfate retained up to 90% of added Se(VI)(aq), with sediment associated Se speciation dominated by trigonal Se(0) and possibly trace Se(-II); no Se colloid formation was observed. The remobilization potential of the sediment associated Se species was then tested in reoxidation and seawater intrusion perturbation experiments. In all treatments, sediment associated Se (i.e., trigonal Se(0)) was largely resistant to remobilization over the timescale of the experiments (170 days). However, in the perturbation experiments, less Se was remobilized from sulfidic sediments, suggesting that previous sulfate-reducing conditions may buffer Se against remobilization and migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mallory S Ho
- Radiochemistry Unit, Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, 00014, Finland
| | - Gianni F Vettese
- Radiochemistry Unit, Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, 00014, Finland
| | - Katherine Morris
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Manchester, M13 9PL, UK.
| | - Jonathan R Lloyd
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Christopher Boothman
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - William R Bower
- Radiochemistry Unit, Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, 00014, Finland
| | - Samuel Shaw
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Gareth T W Law
- Radiochemistry Unit, Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, 00014, Finland.
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26
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Issa Hamoud H, Wolski L, Pankin I, Bañares MA, Daturi M, El-Roz M. In situ and Operando Spectroscopies in Photocatalysis: Powerful Techniques for a Better Understanding of the Performance and the Reaction Mechanism. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2022; 380:37. [PMID: 35951125 DOI: 10.1007/s41061-022-00387-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
In photocatalysis, a set of elemental steps are involved together at different timescales to govern the overall efficiency of the process. These steps are divided as follow: (1) photon absorption and excitation (in femtoseconds), (2) charge separation (femto- to picoseconds), (3) charge carrier diffusion/transport (nano- to microseconds), and (4 and 5) reactant activation/conversion and mass transfer (micro- to milliseconds). The identification and quantification of these steps, using the appropriate tool/technique, can provide the guidelines to emphasize the most influential key parameter that improve the overall efficiency and to develop the "photocatalyst by design" concept. In this review, the identification/quantification of reactant activation/conversion and mass transfer (steps 4 and 5) is discussed in details using the in situ/operando techniques, especially the infrared (IR), Raman, and X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS). The use of these techniques in photocatalysis was highlighted by the most recent and conclusive case studies which allow a better characterization of the active site and reveal the reaction pathways in order to establish a structure-performance relationship. In each case study, the reaction conditions and the reactor design for photocatalysis (pressure, temperature, concentration, etc.) were thoroughly discussed. In the last part, some examples in the use of time-resolved techniques (time-resolved FTIR, photoluminescence, and transient absorption) are also presented as an author's guideline to study the elemental steps in photocatalysis at shorter timescale (ps, ns, and µs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Houeida Issa Hamoud
- Laboratoire Catalyse et Spectrochimie, Normandie Université, ENSICAEN, UNICAEN, CNRS, 14050, Caen, France
| | - Lukasz Wolski
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, 61-614, Poznań, Poland
| | - Ilia Pankin
- Smart Materials, Research Institute, Southern Federal University, Sladkova Street 174/28, 344090, Rostov-on-Don, Russia
| | - Miguel A Bañares
- Catalytic Spectroscopy Laboratory, Instituto de Catalisis, ICP-CSIC, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marco Daturi
- Laboratoire Catalyse et Spectrochimie, Normandie Université, ENSICAEN, UNICAEN, CNRS, 14050, Caen, France
| | - Mohamad El-Roz
- Laboratoire Catalyse et Spectrochimie, Normandie Université, ENSICAEN, UNICAEN, CNRS, 14050, Caen, France.
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27
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Teamsinsungvon A, Ruksakulpiwat C, Amonpattaratkit P, Ruksakulpiwat Y. Structural Characterization of Titanium-Silica Oxide Using Synchrotron Radiation X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14132729. [PMID: 35808774 PMCID: PMC9269012 DOI: 10.3390/polym14132729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, titania−silica oxides (TixSiy oxides) were successfully prepared via the sol−gel technique. The Ti and Si precursors were titanium (IV), isopropoxide (TTIP), and tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS), respectively. In this work, the effects of pH and the Ti/Si atomic ratio of titanium−silicon binary oxide (TixSiy) on the structural characteristics of TixSiy oxide are reported. 29Si solid-state NMR and FTIR were used to validate the chemical structure of TixSiy oxide. The structural characteristics of TixSiy oxide were investigated using X-ray diffraction, XRF, Fe-SEM, diffraction particle size analysis, and nitrogen adsorption measurements. By applying X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) obtained from synchrotron light sources, the qualitative characterization of the Ti−O−Si and Ti−O−Ti bonds in Ti−Si oxides was proposed. Some Si atoms in the SiO2 network were replaced by Ti atoms, suggesting that Si−O−Ti bonds were formed as a result of the synthesis accomplished using the sol−gel technique described in this article. Upon increasing the pH to alkaline conditions (pH 9.0 and 10.0), the nanoparticles acquired a more spherical shape, and their size distribution became more uniform, resulting in an acceptable nanostructure. TixSiy oxide nanoparticles were largely spherical in shape, and agglomeration was minimized. However, the Ti50Si50 oxide particles at pH 10.0 become nano-sized and agglomerated. The presence of a significant pre-edge feature in the spectra of Ti50Si50 oxide samples implied that a higher fraction of Ti atoms occupied tetrahedral symmetry locations, as predicted in samples where Ti directly substituted Si. The proportion of Ti atoms in a tetrahedral environment agreed with the value of 1.83 given for the Ti−O bond distance in TixSiy oxides produced at pH 9.0 using extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) analysis. Photocatalysis was improved by adding 3% wt TiO2, SiO2, and TixSiy oxide to the PLA film matrix. TiO2 was more effective than Ti50Si50 pH 9.0, Ti50Si50 pH 10.0, Ti50Si50 pH 8.0, and SiO2 in degrading methylene blue (MB). The most effective method to degrade MB was TiO2 > Ti70Si30 > Ti50Si50 > Ti40Si60 > SiO2. Under these conditions, PLA/Ti70Si30 improved the effectiveness of the photocatalytic activity of PLA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arpaporn Teamsinsungvon
- School of Polymer Engineering, Institute of Engineering, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand; (A.T.); (C.R.)
- Center of Excellence on Petrochemical and Materials Technology, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Research Center for Biocomposite Materials for Medical Industry and Agricultural and Food Industry, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand
| | - Chaiwat Ruksakulpiwat
- School of Polymer Engineering, Institute of Engineering, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand; (A.T.); (C.R.)
- Center of Excellence on Petrochemical and Materials Technology, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Research Center for Biocomposite Materials for Medical Industry and Agricultural and Food Industry, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand
| | - Penphitcha Amonpattaratkit
- Synchrotron Light Research Institute (SLRI), 111 University Avenue, Muang District, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand;
| | - Yupaporn Ruksakulpiwat
- School of Polymer Engineering, Institute of Engineering, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand; (A.T.); (C.R.)
- Center of Excellence on Petrochemical and Materials Technology, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Research Center for Biocomposite Materials for Medical Industry and Agricultural and Food Industry, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +66-44-22-3033
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Clarkson AH, Kendall NR. X-ray absorption spectroscopy of copper and iron in sheep digesta. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2022; 72:126987. [PMID: 35504155 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2022.126987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The bioavailable supply of copper to ruminants has long been problematic. Complexities in supply exist due to interactions with other dietary elements in the rumen, most notably with iron or molybdenum in combination with sulphur, which can result in copper binding preventing its absorption. The molybdenum-sulphur-copper interaction has been extensively studied over the years. However, very little is known about the iron-sulphur-copper interaction, especially its mode of action in the gastrointestinal tract. METHODS In the present work digesta from the rumen and jejunum of sheep fed a high copper, sulphur and iron diet was analysed using X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS). RESULTS X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) and X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) indicated that all of the copper and iron had changed in bonding in the rumen and that the oxidation state of the elements had been reduced into a mix of Fe2+ & Fe3+ and Cu+ with some Cu0. CONCLUSION The copper compounds were most likely to be thiol co-ordinated in line with Cu+ chemistry. Changes to the copper compounds took place in the jejunum, although thiols were still highly favoured the possible existence of a copper-iron-sulphur complex which also included oxygen and chloride was also observed. This possibly has some resemblance to the crystal structure of bornite.
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Affiliation(s)
- A H Clarkson
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Leicestershire LE12 5RD, UK.
| | - N R Kendall
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Leicestershire LE12 5RD, UK
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Harfouche M, Abdellatief M, Momani Y, Abbadi A, Al Najdawi M, Al Zoubi M, Aljamal B, Matalgah S, Khan LU, Lausi A, Paolucci G. Emergence of the first XAFS/XRF beamline in the Middle East: providing studies of elements and their atomic/electronic structure in pluridisciplinary research fields. J Synchrotron Radiat 2022; 29:1107-1113. [PMID: 35787578 PMCID: PMC9255566 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577522005215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
XAFS/XRF is a general-purpose absorption spectroscopy beamline at the Synchrotron-light for Experimental Science and Applications in the Middle East (SESAME), Jordan. Herein, its optical layout is presented along with its powerful capabilities in collecting absorption and fluorescence spectra within a wide energy range (4.7-30 keV). The beamline is equipped with a conventional fixed-exit double-crystal monochromator that allows the collection of an X-ray absorption spectrum within a few minutes in step-by-step mode. An on-the-fly scanning mode will be implemented shortly where the acquisition time will be reduced to less than a minute per scan. The full automation of the beamline allows performing successive measurements under different conditions. The different experimental setups and special features available to users are reported. Examples of XRF and XAFS measurements are presented, showing the performance of the beamline under different standard conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Messaoud Harfouche
- SESAME (Synchrotron-light for Experimental Science and Applications in the Middle East), Allan 19252, Jordan
| | - Mahmoud Abdellatief
- SESAME (Synchrotron-light for Experimental Science and Applications in the Middle East), Allan 19252, Jordan
| | - Yazeed Momani
- SESAME (Synchrotron-light for Experimental Science and Applications in the Middle East), Allan 19252, Jordan
| | - Anas Abbadi
- SESAME (Synchrotron-light for Experimental Science and Applications in the Middle East), Allan 19252, Jordan
| | - Mohammad Al Najdawi
- SESAME (Synchrotron-light for Experimental Science and Applications in the Middle East), Allan 19252, Jordan
| | - Mustafa Al Zoubi
- SESAME (Synchrotron-light for Experimental Science and Applications in the Middle East), Allan 19252, Jordan
| | - Basil Aljamal
- SESAME (Synchrotron-light for Experimental Science and Applications in the Middle East), Allan 19252, Jordan
| | - Salman Matalgah
- SESAME (Synchrotron-light for Experimental Science and Applications in the Middle East), Allan 19252, Jordan
| | - Latif U. Khan
- SESAME (Synchrotron-light for Experimental Science and Applications in the Middle East), Allan 19252, Jordan
| | - Andrea Lausi
- SESAME (Synchrotron-light for Experimental Science and Applications in the Middle East), Allan 19252, Jordan
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste SCpA, Strada Statale 14 – km 163,5 in AREA Science Park, Basovizza/Trieste 34149, Italy
| | - Giorgio Paolucci
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste SCpA, Strada Statale 14 – km 163,5 in AREA Science Park, Basovizza/Trieste 34149, Italy
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Smoliło-Utrata M, Tarach KA, Samson K, Gackowski M, Madej E, Korecki J, Mordarski G, Śliwa M, Jarczewski S, Podobiński J, Kuśtrowski P, Datka J, Rutkowska-Zbik D, Góra-Marek K. Modulation of ODH Propane Selectivity by Zeolite Support Desilication: Vanadium Species Anchored to Al-Rich Shell as Crucial Active Sites. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23105584. [PMID: 35628395 PMCID: PMC9142926 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23105584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The commercially available zeolite HY and its desilicated analogue were subjected to a classical wet impregnation procedure with NH4VO3 to produce catalysts differentiated in acidic and redox properties. Various spectroscopic techniques (in situ probe molecules adsorption and time-resolved propane transformation FT-IR studies, XAS, 51V MAS NMR, and 2D COS UV-vis) were employed to study speciation, local coordination, and reducibility of the vanadium species introduced into the hierarchical faujasite zeolite. The acid-based redox properties of V centres were linked to catalytic activity in the oxidative dehydrogenation of propane. The modification of zeolite via caustic treatment is an effective method of adjusting its basicity—a parameter that plays an important role in the ODH process. The developed mesopore surface ensured the attachment of vanadium species to silanol groups and formation of isolated (SiO)2(HO)V=O and (SiO)3V=O sites or polymeric, highly dispersed forms located in the zeolite micropores. The higher basicity of HYdeSi, due to the presence of the Al-rich shell, aided the activation of the C−H bond leading to a higher selectivity to propene. Its polymerisation and coke formation were inhibited by the lower acid strength of the protonic sites in desilicated zeolite. The Al-rich shell was also beneficial for anchoring V species and thus their reducibility. The operando UV-vis experiments revealed higher reactivity of the bridging oxygens V-O-V over the oxo-group V=O. The (SiO)3V=O species were found to be ineffective in propane oxidation when temperature does not exceed 400 °C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Smoliło-Utrata
- Jerzy Haber Institute of Catalysis and Surface Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Niezapominajek 8, 30-239 Krakow, Poland; (M.S.-U.); (K.S.); (M.G.); (E.M.); (J.K.); (G.M.); (M.Ś.); (J.P.); (J.D.)
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Krakow, Poland; (K.A.T.); (S.J.); (P.K.)
| | - Karolina A. Tarach
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Krakow, Poland; (K.A.T.); (S.J.); (P.K.)
| | - Katarzyna Samson
- Jerzy Haber Institute of Catalysis and Surface Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Niezapominajek 8, 30-239 Krakow, Poland; (M.S.-U.); (K.S.); (M.G.); (E.M.); (J.K.); (G.M.); (M.Ś.); (J.P.); (J.D.)
| | - Mariusz Gackowski
- Jerzy Haber Institute of Catalysis and Surface Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Niezapominajek 8, 30-239 Krakow, Poland; (M.S.-U.); (K.S.); (M.G.); (E.M.); (J.K.); (G.M.); (M.Ś.); (J.P.); (J.D.)
| | - Ewa Madej
- Jerzy Haber Institute of Catalysis and Surface Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Niezapominajek 8, 30-239 Krakow, Poland; (M.S.-U.); (K.S.); (M.G.); (E.M.); (J.K.); (G.M.); (M.Ś.); (J.P.); (J.D.)
| | - Józef Korecki
- Jerzy Haber Institute of Catalysis and Surface Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Niezapominajek 8, 30-239 Krakow, Poland; (M.S.-U.); (K.S.); (M.G.); (E.M.); (J.K.); (G.M.); (M.Ś.); (J.P.); (J.D.)
| | - Grzegorz Mordarski
- Jerzy Haber Institute of Catalysis and Surface Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Niezapominajek 8, 30-239 Krakow, Poland; (M.S.-U.); (K.S.); (M.G.); (E.M.); (J.K.); (G.M.); (M.Ś.); (J.P.); (J.D.)
| | - Michał Śliwa
- Jerzy Haber Institute of Catalysis and Surface Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Niezapominajek 8, 30-239 Krakow, Poland; (M.S.-U.); (K.S.); (M.G.); (E.M.); (J.K.); (G.M.); (M.Ś.); (J.P.); (J.D.)
| | - Sebastian Jarczewski
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Krakow, Poland; (K.A.T.); (S.J.); (P.K.)
| | - Jerzy Podobiński
- Jerzy Haber Institute of Catalysis and Surface Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Niezapominajek 8, 30-239 Krakow, Poland; (M.S.-U.); (K.S.); (M.G.); (E.M.); (J.K.); (G.M.); (M.Ś.); (J.P.); (J.D.)
| | - Piotr Kuśtrowski
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Krakow, Poland; (K.A.T.); (S.J.); (P.K.)
| | - Jerzy Datka
- Jerzy Haber Institute of Catalysis and Surface Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Niezapominajek 8, 30-239 Krakow, Poland; (M.S.-U.); (K.S.); (M.G.); (E.M.); (J.K.); (G.M.); (M.Ś.); (J.P.); (J.D.)
| | - Dorota Rutkowska-Zbik
- Jerzy Haber Institute of Catalysis and Surface Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Niezapominajek 8, 30-239 Krakow, Poland; (M.S.-U.); (K.S.); (M.G.); (E.M.); (J.K.); (G.M.); (M.Ś.); (J.P.); (J.D.)
- Correspondence: (D.R.-Z.); (K.G.-M.); Tel.: +48-12-6395-160 (D.R.-Z.)
| | - Kinga Góra-Marek
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Krakow, Poland; (K.A.T.); (S.J.); (P.K.)
- Correspondence: (D.R.-Z.); (K.G.-M.); Tel.: +48-12-6395-160 (D.R.-Z.)
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Lin J, Wiens E, Chen N, Nilges MJ, Chen W, Pan Y. Electron Paramagnetic Resonance and Synchrotron X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy for Highly Sensitive Characterization of Calcium Arsenates. Environ Sci Technol 2022; 56:5563-5571. [PMID: 35437983 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c00255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Calcium arsenates such as pharmacolite (CaHAsO4·2H2O), haidingerite (CaHAsO4·H2O), and weilite (CaHAsO4) are important sinks for arsenic in mine tailings as well as other natural and contaminated sites and are useful for reducing the mobility and bioavailability of this toxic metalloid in the environment. However, calcium arsenates usually occur in trace amounts dominated by other phases, making their detection, identification, and quantification challenging. In this contribution, pharmacolite, haidingerite, and weilite are shown to exhibit subtle but distinct postedge differences in As K-edge X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) spectra and feature characteristic [AsO3]2-, [AsO4]2-, and [AsO4]4- radicals, all derived from the diamagnetic [HAsO4]2- precursor during γ-ray irradiation, in electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectra. In particular, the 75As (nuclear spin I = 3/2 and natural isotope abundance = 100%) hyperfine coupling constants of the [AsO3]2- radicals in pharmacolite and haidingerite as well as other minerals (e.g., calcite and gypsum) are clearly distinct, allowing the unambiguous identification of calcium arsenates by the EPR technique readily at ∼0.1 wt %. Similarly, linear combination fittings of As K-edge XANES spectra demonstrate that pharmacolite and haidingerite at ∼0.1 wt % each in gypsum-rich mixtures can be detected and quantified as well. Therefore, a combination of the EPR and XANES techniques is a powerful approach for the highly sensitive characterization of calcium arsenates in the quest for the safe management and remediation of arsenic contamination. This work demonstrates the highly sensitive characterization of calcium arsenates by integrated electron paramagnetic resonance and synchrotron X-ray absorption spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinru Lin
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, P. R. China
- Department of Geological Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5E2, Canada
| | - Eli Wiens
- Department of Geological Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5E2, Canada
| | - Ning Chen
- Department of Geological Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5E2, Canada
- Canadian Light Source, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 0X4, Canada
| | - Mark J Nilges
- Illinois EPR Research Center, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Weifeng Chen
- Canadian Light Source, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 0X4, Canada
| | - Yuanming Pan
- Department of Geological Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5E2, Canada
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Grinter DC, Thornton G. Structure and reactivity of model CeO 2surfaces. J Phys Condens Matter 2022; 34:253001. [PMID: 35287117 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ac5d89] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
As a key component in many industrial heterogeneous catalysts, the surface structure and reactivity of ceria, CeO2, has attracted a lot of attention. In this topical review we discuss some of the approaches taken to form a deeper understanding of the surface physics and chemistry of this important and interesting material. In particular, we focus on the preparation of ultrathin ceria films, nanostructures and supported metal nanoparticles. Cutting-edge microscopic and spectroscopic experimental techniques are highlighted which can probe the behaviour of oxygen species and atomic defects on these model surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- David C Grinter
- Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot OX11 0DE, United Kingdom
| | - Geoff Thornton
- Department of Chemistry and London Centre for Nanotechnology, University College London, London WC1H 0AJ, United Kingdom
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Wu YH, Lin YY, Chen JL, Fu SY, Huang SC, Lee CY, Chen BY, Yin GC, Huang EW, Tang MT, Lin BH. Visualizing the valence states of europium ions in Eu-doped BaAl 2O 4 using X-ray nanoprobe mapping. J Synchrotron Radiat 2022; 29:456-461. [PMID: 35254309 PMCID: PMC8900852 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577521012947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
This study develops and successfully demonstrates visualization methods for the characterization of europium (Eu)-doped BaAl2O4 phosphors using X-ray nanoprobe techniques. X-ray fluorescence (XRF) mapping not only gives information on the elemental distributions but also clearly reveals the valence state distributions of the Eu2+ and Eu3+ ions. The accuracy of the estimated valence state distributions was examined by performing X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) across the Eu L3-edge (6.977 keV). The X-ray excited optical luminescence (XEOL) spectra exhibit different emission lines in the selected local areas. Their corresponding emission distributions can be obtained via XEOL mapping. The emission properties can be understood through correlation analysis. The results demonstrate that the main contribution to the luminescence intensity of the Eu-doped BaAl2O4 comes from the Eu2+ activator and the emission intensity will not be influenced by the concentration of Eu2+ or Eu3+ ions. It is anticipated that X-ray nanoprobes will open new avenues with significant characterization ability for unravelling the emission mechanisms of phosphor materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Hao Wu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Yang Lin
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu 30076, Taiwan
| | - Jeng-Lung Chen
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu 30076, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Yu Fu
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu 30076, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Chi Huang
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu 30076, Taiwan
| | - Chien-yu Lee
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu 30076, Taiwan
| | - Bo-Yi Chen
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu 30076, Taiwan
| | - Gung-Chian Yin
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu 30076, Taiwan
| | - E-Wen Huang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | - Mau-Tsu Tang
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu 30076, Taiwan
| | - Bi-Hsuan Lin
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu 30076, Taiwan
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Clarkson AH, Kendall NR. Comparison of X-ray absorption spectra from copper-loaded bovine and ovine livers. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2022; 70:126910. [PMID: 34929614 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2021.126910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Copper toxicity and hepatic copper accumulation pose a serious risk to ruminant health and production. Differences in the copper-handling mechanisms of cattle and sheep have been noted, not only in comparison to each other, but also in comparison to 'copper-tolerant' monogastric species. Ruminants appear less able to cope with rising liver copper concentration than monogastric counterparts, with sheep in general less able to cope with elevated copper intake than cattle. METHODS X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) was used to investigate the differences between the livers of these species at high copper status. RESULTS The X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) and X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) spectra indicated that the hepatic copper compound is most likely to be bound to metallothionein; consistent with monogastric species. CONCLUSION Although, most likely stored as copper-metallothionein, there may be a role for glutathione as a short-term, intermediate copper buffer which may have more relevance to sheep than cattle. The potential that thiomolybdate bound copper can be stored in the liver could not be ruled out.
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Affiliation(s)
- A H Clarkson
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Leicestershire LE12 5RD, UK.
| | - N R Kendall
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Leicestershire LE12 5RD, UK
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Joly L, Scheurer F, Ohresser P, Kengni-Zanguim B, Dayen JF, Seneor P, Dlubak B, Godel F, Halley D. X-ray magnetic dichroism and tunnel magneto-resistance study of the magnetic phase in epitaxial CrVO xnanoclusters. J Phys Condens Matter 2022; 34:175801. [PMID: 35084366 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ac4f5e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Epitaxial clusters of chromium and chromium-vanadium oxides are studied by tunnel magneto-resistivity measurements, x-ray absorption spectrometry and circular magnetic circular dichroism. They turn out to carry a small magnetic moment that follows a super-paramagnetic behavior. The chromium ion contribution to this magnetization is mainly due to an original magnetic Cr2O3-like phase, whereas usual Cr2O3is known to be anti-ferromagnetic in the bulk. For mixed clusters, vanadium ions also contribute to the total magnetization and they are coupled to the chromium ion spins. By measuring the dichroic signal at different temperatures, we get insight into the possible spin configurations of vanadium and chromium ions: we propose that the magnetic dipoles observed in the clusters assembly could be related to ionic spins that couple at a very short range, as for instance in short one-dimensional spins chains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loïc Joly
- Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, UMR 7504, F-67000 Strasbourg, France
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, L'Orme des Merisiers, Saint-Aubin, BP 48, F-91192 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Fabrice Scheurer
- Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, UMR 7504, F-67000 Strasbourg, France
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, L'Orme des Merisiers, Saint-Aubin, BP 48, F-91192 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Philippe Ohresser
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, L'Orme des Merisiers, Saint-Aubin, BP 48, F-91192 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Brice Kengni-Zanguim
- Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, UMR 7504, F-67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Jean-François Dayen
- Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, UMR 7504, F-67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Pierre Seneor
- Unité Mixte de Physique CNRS Thales, Université Paris-Saclay Palaiseau, France
| | - Bruno Dlubak
- Unité Mixte de Physique CNRS Thales, Université Paris-Saclay Palaiseau, France
| | - Florian Godel
- Unité Mixte de Physique CNRS Thales, Université Paris-Saclay Palaiseau, France
| | - David Halley
- Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, UMR 7504, F-67000 Strasbourg, France
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Seddon-Ferretti ME, Mottram LM, Stennett MC, Corkhill CL, Hyatt NC. HERMES - a GUI-based software tool for pre-processing of X-ray absorption spectroscopy data from laboratory Rowland circle spectrometers. J Synchrotron Radiat 2022; 29:276-279. [PMID: 34985445 PMCID: PMC8733975 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577521012583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
HERMES, a graphical user interface software tool, is presented, for pre-processing X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) data from laboratory Rowland circle spectrometers, to meet the data handling needs of a growing community of practice. HERMES enables laboratory XAS data to be displayed for quality assessment, merging of data sets, polynomial fitting of smoothly varying data, and correction of data to the true energy scale and for dead-time and leakage effects. The software is written in Java 15 programming language, and runs on major computer operating systems, with graphics implementation using the JFreeChart toolkit. HERMES is freely available and distributed under an open source licence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco E. Seddon-Ferretti
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Sheffield, Mappin Street, Sheffield S1 3JD, United Kingdom
- Department of Computer Science, University of Sheffield, Regent Court, Sheffield S1 4DP, United Kingdom
| | - Lucy M. Mottram
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Sheffield, Mappin Street, Sheffield S1 3JD, United Kingdom
| | - Martin C. Stennett
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Sheffield, Mappin Street, Sheffield S1 3JD, United Kingdom
| | - Claire L. Corkhill
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Sheffield, Mappin Street, Sheffield S1 3JD, United Kingdom
| | - Neil C. Hyatt
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Sheffield, Mappin Street, Sheffield S1 3JD, United Kingdom
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Husar R, Dumas T, Schlegel ML, Schlegel D, Guillaumont D, Solari PL, Moisy P. X-ray absorption spectroscopy and actinide electrochemistry: a setup dedicated to radioactive samples applied to neptunium chemistry. J Synchrotron Radiat 2022; 29:1-10. [PMID: 34985417 PMCID: PMC8733972 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577521011115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
A spectroelectrochemical setup has been developed to investigate radioactive elements in small volumes (0.7 to 2 ml) under oxidation-reduction (redox) controlled conditions by X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS). The cell design is presented together with in situ XAS measurements performed during neptunium redox reactions. Cycling experiments on the NpO22+/NpO2+ redox couple were applied to qualify the cell electrodynamics using XANES measurements and its ability to probe modifications in the neptunyl hydration shell in a 1 mol l-1 HNO3 solution. The XAS results are in agreement with previous structural studies and the NpO22+/NpO2+ standard potential, determined using Nernst methods, is consistent with measurements based on other techniques. Subsequently, the NpO2+, NpO22+ and Np4+ ion structures in solution were stabilized and measured using EXAFS. The resulting fit parameters are again compared with other results from the literature and with theoretical models in order to evaluate how this spectroelectrochemistry experiment succeeds or fails to stabilize the oxidation states of actinides. The experiment succeeded in: (i) implementing a robust and safe XAS device to investigate unstable radioactive species, (ii) evaluate in a reproducible manner the NpO22+/NpO2+ standard potential under dilute conditions and (iii) clarify mechanistic aspects of the actinyl hydration sphere in solution. In contrast, a detailed comparison of EXAFS fit parameters shows that this method is less appropriate than the majority of the previously reported chemical methods for the stabilization of the Np4+ ion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Husar
- CEA, DES, ISEC, DMRC, Université de Montpellier, Marcoule, France
| | - Thomas Dumas
- CEA, DES, ISEC, DMRC, Université de Montpellier, Marcoule, France
- Correspondence e-mail: ,
| | - Michel L. Schlegel
- CEA, DES-Service d’Etudes Analytiques et de Réactivité des Surfaces (SEARS), CEA, Université Paris-Sacly, 911191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- Correspondence e-mail: ,
| | - Daniel Schlegel
- ESTA–École Supérieure des Technologies et des Affaires, 90004 Belfort Cedex, France
| | | | - Pier-Lorenzo Solari
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, L’Orme des Merisiers Saint-Aubin, BP 48, 91192 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Philippe Moisy
- CEA, DES, ISEC, DMRC, Université de Montpellier, Marcoule, France
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Fantini MCDA, Oliveira CLP, Lopes JLDS, Martins TDS, Akamatsu MA, Trezena AG, Franco MTD, Botosso VF, Sant’Anna OABE, Kardjilov N, Rasmussen MK, Bordallo HN. Using crystallography tools to improve vaccine formulations. IUCrJ 2022; 9:11-20. [PMID: 35059205 PMCID: PMC8733884 DOI: 10.1107/s205225252101071x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
This article summarizes developments attained in oral vaccine formulations based on the encapsulation of antigen proteins inside porous silica matrices. These vaccine vehicles show great efficacy in protecting the proteins from the harsh acidic stomach medium, allowing the Peyer's patches in the small intestine to be reached and consequently enhancing immunity. Focusing on the pioneering research conducted at the Butantan Institute in Brazil, the optimization of the antigen encapsulation yield is reported, as well as their distribution inside the meso- and macroporous network of the porous silica. As the development of vaccines requires proper inclusion of antigens in the antibody cells, X-ray crystallography is one of the most commonly used techniques to unveil the structure of antibody-combining sites with protein antigens. Thus structural characterization and modelling of pure antigen structures, showing different dimensions, as well as their complexes, such as silica with encapsulated hepatitis B virus-like particles and diphtheria anatoxin, were performed using small-angle X-ray scattering, X-ray absorption spectroscopy, X-ray phase contrast tomography, and neutron and X-ray imaging. By combining crystallography with dynamic light scattering and transmission electron microscopy, a clearer picture of the proposed vaccine complexes is shown. Additionally, the stability of the immunogenic complex at different pH values and temperatures was checked and the efficacy of the proposed oral immunogenic complex was demonstrated. The latter was obtained by comparing the antibodies in mice with variable high and low antibody responses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Tereza da Silva Martins
- Chemistry Department, Federal University of São Paulo, Rua São Nicolau, 210, 2o andar, Diadema, SP 09913-030, Brazil
| | - Milena Apetito Akamatsu
- Bioindustrial Center, Butantan Institute, Avenida Vital Brazil, 1500, São Paulo, SP 05503-900, Brazil
| | - Aryene Góes Trezena
- Immunogenetic Laboratory, Butantan Institute, Avenida Vital Brazil, 1500, São Paulo, SP 05503-900, Brazil
| | - Milene Tino-De- Franco
- Immunogenetic Laboratory, Butantan Institute, Avenida Vital Brazil, 1500, São Paulo, SP 05503-900, Brazil
| | - Viviane Fongaro Botosso
- Virology Laboratory, Butantan Institute, Avenida Vital Brazil, 1500, São Paulo, SP 05503-900, Brazil
| | | | - Nikolay Kardjilov
- HZB für Materialien und Energie, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin, Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1, 14109 Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Heloísa Nunes Bordallo
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
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Stagg O, Morris K, Lam A, Navrotsky A, Velázquez JM, Schacherl B, Vitova T, Rothe J, Galanzew J, Neumann A, Lythgoe P, Abrahamsen-Mills L, Shaw S. Fe(II) Induced Reduction of Incorporated U(VI) to U(V) in Goethite. Environ Sci Technol 2021; 55:16445-16454. [PMID: 34882383 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c06197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Over 60 years of nuclear activities have resulted in a global legacy of radioactive wastes, with uranium considered a key radionuclide in both disposal and contaminated land scenarios. With the understanding that U has been incorporated into a range of iron (oxyhydr)oxides, these minerals may be considered a secondary barrier to the migration of radionuclides in the environment. However, the long-term stability of U-incorporated iron (oxyhydr)oxides is largely unknown, with the end-fate of incorporated species potentially impacted by biogeochemical processes. In particular, studies show that significant electron transfer may occur between stable iron (oxyhydr)oxides such as goethite and adsorbed Fe(II). These interactions can also induce varying degrees of iron (oxyhydr)oxide recrystallization (<4% to >90%). Here, the fate of U(VI)-incorporated goethite during exposure to Fe(II) was investigated using geochemical analysis and X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS). Analysis of XAS spectra revealed that incorporated U(VI) was reduced to U(V) as the reaction with Fe(II) progressed, with minimal recrystallization (approximately 2%) of the goethite phase. These results therefore indicate that U may remain incorporated within goethite as U(V) even under iron-reducing conditions. This develops the concept of iron (oxyhydr)oxides acting as a secondary barrier to radionuclide migration in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olwen Stagg
- Research Centre for Radwaste Disposal and Williamson Research Centre for Molecular Environmental Science, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Katherine Morris
- Research Centre for Radwaste Disposal and Williamson Research Centre for Molecular Environmental Science, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Andy Lam
- Peter A. Rock Thermochemistry Laboratory and NEAT ORU, University of California Davis, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Alexandra Navrotsky
- School of Molecular Sciences and Navrotsky Eyring Center for Materials of the Universe, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
| | - Jesús M Velázquez
- Department of Chemistry, University of California─Davis, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Bianca Schacherl
- Institute for Nuclear Waste Disposal (INE), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe 76131, Germany
| | - Tonya Vitova
- Institute for Nuclear Waste Disposal (INE), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe 76131, Germany
| | - Jörg Rothe
- Institute for Nuclear Waste Disposal (INE), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe 76131, Germany
| | - Jurij Galanzew
- Institute for Nuclear Waste Disposal (INE), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe 76131, Germany
| | - Anke Neumann
- School of Engineering, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Lythgoe
- Manchester Analytical Geochemistry Unit, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | | | - Samuel Shaw
- Research Centre for Radwaste Disposal and Williamson Research Centre for Molecular Environmental Science, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, United Kingdom
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40
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Del Giudice D, Tavani F, Di Berto Mancini M, Frateloreto F, Busato M, Oliveira De Souza D, Cenesi F, Lanzalunga O, Di Stefano S, D'Angelo P. Two Faces of the Same Coin: Coupling X-Ray Absorption and NMR Spectroscopies to Investigate the Exchange Reaction Between Prototypical Cu Coordination Complexes. Chemistry 2021; 28:e202103825. [PMID: 34850474 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202103825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The satisfactory rationalization of complex reactive pathways in solution chemistry may greatly benefit from the combined use of advanced experimental and theoretical complementary methods of analysis. In this work, we combine X-Ray Absorption and 1 H NMR spectroscopies with state-of-the-art Multivariate Curve Resolution and theoretical analyses to gain a comprehensive view on a prototypical reaction involving the variation of the oxidation state and local structure environment of a selected metal ion coordinated by organic ligands. Specifically, we investigate the 2-cyano-2-phenylpropanoic acid reduction of the octahedral complex established by the Cu2+ ion with terpyridine to the tetrahedral complex formed by Cu+ and neocuproine. Through our interdisciplinary approach we gain insights into the nature, concentration time evolution and structures of the key metal (XAS measurements) and organic (1 H NMR measurements) species under reaction. We believe our method may prove to be useful in the toolbox necessary to understand the mechanisms of reactive processes of interest in solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Del Giudice
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Roma "La Sapienza", P.le A. Moro 5, I-00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Tavani
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Roma "La Sapienza", P.le A. Moro 5, I-00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Marika Di Berto Mancini
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Roma "La Sapienza", P.le A. Moro 5, I-00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Federico Frateloreto
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Roma "La Sapienza", P.le A. Moro 5, I-00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Matteo Busato
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Roma "La Sapienza", P.le A. Moro 5, I-00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Danilo Oliveira De Souza
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, Strada Statale 14, km 163.5 in AREA Science Park, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - Flavia Cenesi
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Roma "La Sapienza", P.le A. Moro 5, I-00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Osvaldo Lanzalunga
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Roma "La Sapienza", P.le A. Moro 5, I-00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Di Stefano
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Roma "La Sapienza", P.le A. Moro 5, I-00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Paola D'Angelo
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Roma "La Sapienza", P.le A. Moro 5, I-00185, Rome, Italy
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41
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Tan HY, Lin SC, Wang J, Chang CJ, Haw SC, Lin KH, Tsai LD, Chen HC, Chen HM. MOF-Templated Sulfurization of Atomically Dispersed Manganese Catalysts Facilitating Electroreduction of CO 2 to CO. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2021; 13:52134-52143. [PMID: 34258990 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c10059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
To reach a carbon-neutral future, electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction (eCO2RR) has proven to be a strong candidate for the next-generation energy system. Among potential materials, single-atom catalysts (SACs) serve as a model to study the mechanism behind the reduction of CO2 to CO, given their well-defined active metal centers and structural simplicity. Moreover, using metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) as supports to anchor and stabilize central metal atoms, the common concern, metal aggregation, for SACs can be addressed well. Furthermore, with their turnability and designability, MOF-derived SACs can also extend the scope of research on SACs for the eCO2RR. Herein, we synthesize sulfurized MOF-derived Mn SACs to study effects of the S dopant on the eCO2RR. Using complementary characterization techniques, the metal moiety of the sulfurized MOF-derived Mn SACs (MnSA/SNC) is identified as MnN3S1. Compared with its non-sulfur-modified counterpart (MnSA/NC), the MnSA/SNC provides uniformly superior activity to produce CO. Specifically, a nearly 30% enhancement of Faradaic efficiency (F.E.) in CO production is observed, and the highest F.E. of approximately 70% is identified at -0.45 V. Through operando spectroscopic characterization, the probing results reveal that the overall enhancement of CO production on the MnSA/SNC is possibly caused by the S atom in the local MnN3S1 moiety, as the sulfur atom may induce the formation of S-O bonding to stabilize the critical intermediate, *COOH, for CO2-to-CO. Our results provide novel design insights into the field of SACs for the eCO2RR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Ying Tan
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Chih Lin
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Jiali Wang
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Jui Chang
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Chih Haw
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu 30076, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Hsin Lin
- Material and Chemical Research Laboratories, Industrial Technology Research Institute, Chutung, Hsinchu 31040, Taiwan
| | - Li Duan Tsai
- Material and Chemical Research Laboratories, Industrial Technology Research Institute, Chutung, Hsinchu 31040, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Chien Chen
- Center for Reliability Sciences and Technologies, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
- Kidney Research Center, Department of Nephrology, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Hao Ming Chen
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu 30076, Taiwan
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42
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Kas JJ, Vila FD, Pemmaraju CD, Tan TS, Rehr JJ. Advanced calculations of X-ray spectroscopies with FEFF10 and Corvus. J Synchrotron Radiat 2021; 28:1801-1810. [PMID: 34738933 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577521008614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The real-space Green's function code FEFF has been extensively developed and used for calculations of X-ray and related spectra, including X-ray absorption (XAS), X-ray emission (XES), inelastic X-ray scattering, and electron energy-loss spectra. The code is particularly useful for the analysis and interpretation of the XAS fine-structure (EXAFS) and the near-edge structure (XANES) in materials throughout the periodic table. Nevertheless, many applications, such as non-equilibrium systems, and the analysis of ultra-fast pump-probe experiments, require extensions of the code including finite-temperature and auxiliary calculations of structure and vibrational properties. To enable these extensions, we have developed in tandem a new version FEFF10 and new FEFF-based workflows for the Corvus workflow manager, which allow users to easily augment the capabilities of FEFF10 via auxiliary codes. This coupling facilitates simplified input and automated calculations of spectra based on advanced theoretical techniques. The approach is illustrated with examples of high-temperature behavior, vibrational properties, many-body excitations in XAS, super-heavy materials, and fits of calculated spectra to experiment.
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Affiliation(s)
- J J Kas
- Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - F D Vila
- Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - C D Pemmaraju
- Theory Institute for Materials and Energy Spectroscopies, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - T S Tan
- Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - J J Rehr
- Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
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43
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Ferrara C, Gentile A, Marchionna S, Quinzeni I, Fracchia M, Ghigna P, Pollastri S, Ritter C, Vanacore GM, Ruffo R. The Missing Piece: The Structure of the Ti 3C 2T x MXene and Its Behavior as Negative Electrode in Sodium Ion Batteries. Nano Lett 2021; 21:8290-8297. [PMID: 34553949 PMCID: PMC8517972 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c02809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The most common MXene composition Ti3C2Tx (T = F, O) shows outstanding stability as anode for sodium ion batteries (100% of capacity retention after 530 cycles with charge efficiency >99.7%). However, the reversibility of the intercalation/deintercalation process is strongly affected by the synthesis parameters determining, in turn, significant differences in the material structure. This study proposes a new approach to identify the crystal features influencing the performances, using a structural model built with a multitechnique approach that allows exploring the short-range order of the lamella. The model is then used to determine the long-range order by inserting defective elements into the structure. With this strategy it is possible to fit the MXene diffraction patterns, obtain the structural parameters including the stoichiometric composition of the terminations (neutron data), and quantify the structural disorder which can be used to discriminate the phases with the best electrochemical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Ferrara
- Dipartimento
di Scienza dei Materiali, Università
degli Studi di Milano Bicocca, via Cozzi 55, 20125 Milano, Italy
- National
Reference Center for Electrochemical Energy Storage (GISEL)- Consorzio Interuniversitario Nazionale per la Scienza
e Tecnologia dei Materiali (INSTM), via Giusti 9, 50121 Firenze, Italy
| | - Antonio Gentile
- Dipartimento
di Scienza dei Materiali, Università
degli Studi di Milano Bicocca, via Cozzi 55, 20125 Milano, Italy
| | - Stefano Marchionna
- Ricerca
sul Sistema Energetico - RSE S.p.A., Via R. Rubattino 54, 20134 Milano, Italy
| | - Irene Quinzeni
- Ricerca
sul Sistema Energetico - RSE S.p.A., Via R. Rubattino 54, 20134 Milano, Italy
| | - Martina Fracchia
- Dipartimento
di Chimica, Università degli Studi
di Pavia, via Taramelli 12, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Paolo Ghigna
- Dipartimento
di Chimica, Università degli Studi
di Pavia, via Taramelli 12, 27100, Pavia, Italy
- INSTM,
Consorzio Interuniversitario per la Scienza e Tecnologia dei Materiali, via Giusti 9, I-50121 Firenze, Italy
| | | | - Clemens Ritter
- Institut
Laue-Langevin, 71 avenue
des Martyrs CS 20156, 38042 Grenoble, Cedex 9, France
| | - Giovanni Maria Vanacore
- Dipartimento
di Scienza dei Materiali, Università
degli Studi di Milano Bicocca, via Cozzi 55, 20125 Milano, Italy
| | - Riccardo Ruffo
- Dipartimento
di Scienza dei Materiali, Università
degli Studi di Milano Bicocca, via Cozzi 55, 20125 Milano, Italy
- National
Reference Center for Electrochemical Energy Storage (GISEL)- Consorzio Interuniversitario Nazionale per la Scienza
e Tecnologia dei Materiali (INSTM), via Giusti 9, 50121 Firenze, Italy
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He L, Xie H, Bai X, Zhao J, Cui L, Zhang J, Li B, Li YF. MALDI-TOF-MS and XAS analysis of complexes formed by metallothionein with mercury and/or selenium. Biometals 2021; 34:1353-1363. [PMID: 34599705 DOI: 10.1007/s10534-021-00346-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Mercury (Hg) is highly toxic while selenium (Se) has been found to antagonize Hg. Both Hg and Se have been found to induce metallothioneins (MTs). In this study, the complexes formed by metallothionein-1 (MT-1) with HgCl2 and/or Na2SeO3 was studied using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight-mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS) and X-ray absorption spectrometry (XAS). MALDI-TOF-MS and XAS indicated the formation of Hg-S bond or Se-S bond when MT-1 reacted with HgCl2 or Na2SeO3, respectively. The bond lengths of Hg-S and coordination number in MT-Hg are 2.41 ± 0.02 Å and 3.10 and in MT-Se are 2.50 ± 0.03 Å and 2.69. A MT-Se-Hg complex was formed when MT-1 reacted with both HgCl2 and Na2SeO3, in which the neighboring atom of Hg is Se, while the neighboring atoms of Se are S and Hg. Our study is an important step towards a better understanding of the interaction of HgCl2 and/or Na2SeO3 with proteins like MT-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina He
- CAS-HKU Joint Laboratory of Metallomics on Health and Environment, & CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, & Beijing Metallomics Facility, & National Consortium for Excellence in Metallomics, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Hongxin Xie
- CAS-HKU Joint Laboratory of Metallomics on Health and Environment, & CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, & Beijing Metallomics Facility, & National Consortium for Excellence in Metallomics, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xu Bai
- CAS-HKU Joint Laboratory of Metallomics on Health and Environment, & CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, & Beijing Metallomics Facility, & National Consortium for Excellence in Metallomics, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jiating Zhao
- CAS-HKU Joint Laboratory of Metallomics on Health and Environment, & CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, & Beijing Metallomics Facility, & National Consortium for Excellence in Metallomics, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Liwei Cui
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Junfang Zhang
- Guizhou Institute of Environmental Science and Designing, Guiyang, 550081, Guizhou, China.
| | - Bai Li
- CAS-HKU Joint Laboratory of Metallomics on Health and Environment, & CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, & Beijing Metallomics Facility, & National Consortium for Excellence in Metallomics, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yu-Feng Li
- CAS-HKU Joint Laboratory of Metallomics on Health and Environment, & CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, & Beijing Metallomics Facility, & National Consortium for Excellence in Metallomics, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
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Townsend LT, Morris K, Harrison R, Schacherl B, Vitova T, Kovarik L, Pearce CI, Mosselmans JFW, Shaw S. Sulfidation of magnetite with incorporated uranium. Chemosphere 2021; 276:130117. [PMID: 34088087 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Uranium (U) is a radionuclide of key environmental interest due its abundance by mass within radioactive waste and presence in contaminated land scenarios. Ubiquitously present iron (oxyhydr)oxide mineral phases, such as (nano)magnetite, have been identified as candidates for immobilisation of U via incorporation into the mineral structure. Studies of how biogeochemical processes, such as sulfidation from the presence of sulfate-reducing bacteria, may affect iron (oxyhydr)oxides and impact radionuclide mobility are important in order to underpin geological disposal of radioactive waste and manage radioactively contaminated land. Here, this study utilised a highly controlled abiotic method for sulfidation of U(V) incorporated into nanomagnetite to determine the fate and speciation of U. Upon sulfidation, transient release of U into solution occurred (∼8.6% total U) for up to 3 days, despite the highly reducing conditions. As the system evolved, lepidocrocite was observed to form over a period of days to weeks. After 10 months, XAS and geochemical data showed all U was partitioned to the solid phase, as both nanoparticulate uraninite (U(IV)O2) and a percentage of retained U(V). Further EXAFS analysis showed incorporation of the residual U(V) fraction into an iron (oxyhydr)oxide mineral phase, likely nanomagnetite or lepidocrocite. Overall, these results provide new insights into the stability of U(V) incorporated iron (oxyhydr)oxides during sulfidation, confirming the longer term retention of U in the solid phase under complex, environmentally relevant conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke T Townsend
- Research Centre for Radwaste Disposal and Williamson Research Centre for Molecular Environmental Science, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Katherine Morris
- Research Centre for Radwaste Disposal and Williamson Research Centre for Molecular Environmental Science, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Robert Harrison
- School of Mechanical, Aerospace & Civil Engineering, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Bianca Schacherl
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Nuclear Waste Disposal (KIT-INE), P.O. Box 3640, D-76021, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Tonya Vitova
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Nuclear Waste Disposal (KIT-INE), P.O. Box 3640, D-76021, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Libor Kovarik
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99352, United States
| | - Carolyn I Pearce
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99352, United States
| | - J Frederick W Mosselmans
- Diamond Light Source Ltd., Diamond House, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire, OX11 0DE, UK
| | - Samuel Shaw
- Research Centre for Radwaste Disposal and Williamson Research Centre for Molecular Environmental Science, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK.
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Kozień D, Jeleń P, Stępień J, Olejniczak Z, Sitarz M, Pędzich Z. Surface Properties and Morphology of Boron Carbide Nanopowders Obtained by Lyophilization of Saccharide Precursors. Materials (Basel) 2021; 14:3419. [PMID: 34203090 DOI: 10.3390/ma14123419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
The powders of boron carbide are usually synthesized by the carbothermal reduction of boron oxide. As an alternative to high-temperature reactions, the development of the carbothermal reduction of organic precursors to produce B4C is receiving considerable interest. The aim of this work was to compare two methods of preparing different saccharide precursors mixed with boric acid with a molar ratio of boron to carbon of 1:9 for the synthesis of B4C. In the first method, aqueous solutions of saccharides and boric acid were dried overnight at 90 °C and pyrolyzed at 850 °C for 1 h under argon flow. In the second method, aqueous solutions of different saccharides and boric acid were freeze-dried and prepared in the same way as in the first method. Precursors from both methods were heat-treated at temperatures of 1300 to 1700 °C. The amount of boron carbide in the powders depends on the saccharides, the temperature of synthesis, and the method of precursor preparation.
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Chadwick AV, Catlow CRA. A tribute to the scientific career of Neville Greaves: the Daresbury years. J Phys Condens Matter 2021; 33:320401. [PMID: 34010823 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ac02e2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We present a personal account of both the developments in technique and instrumentation led by Neville Greaves and the scientific applications which they enabled. We focus on the pioneering period at the Synchrotron Radiation Source, Daresbury in the 1980s and 90s. We discuss and illustrate the lasting impact of these key developments on chemistry, materials and catalytic science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan V Chadwick
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, Kent CT2 7NH, United Kingdom
| | - C Richard A Catlow
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon St., London WC1 HOAJ, United Kingdom
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Park Place, Cardiff CF10 1AT, United Kingdom
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Leach AS, Hack J, Amboage M, Diaz-Moreno S, Huang H, Cullen PL, Wilding M, Magliocca E, Miller TS, Howard CA, Brett DJL, Shearing PR, McMillan PF, Russell AE, Jervis R. A novel fuel cell design for operandoenergy-dispersive x-ray absorption measurements. J Phys Condens Matter 2021; 33:314002. [PMID: 34030140 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ac0476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A polymer electrolyte fuel cell has been designed to allowoperandox-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) measurements of catalysts. The cell has been developed to operate under standard fuel cell conditions, with elevated temperatures and humidification of the gas-phase reactants, both of which greatly impact the catalyst utilisation. X-ray windows in the endplates of the cell facilitate collection of XAS spectra during fuel cell operation while maintaining good compression in the area of measurement. Results of polarisation curves and cyclic voltammograms showed that theoperandocell performs well as a fuel cell, while also providing XAS data of suitable quality for robust XANES analysis. The cell has produced comparable XAS results when performing a cyclic voltammogram to an establishedin situcell when measuring the Pt LIII edge. Similar trends of Pt oxidation, and reduction of the formed Pt oxide, have been presented with a time resolution of 5 s for each spectrum, paving the way for time-resolved spectral measurements of fuel cell catalysts in a fully-operating fuel cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- A S Leach
- Electrochemical Innovation Lab, Department of Chemical Engineering, UCL, London WC1E 7JE, United Kingdom
| | - J Hack
- Electrochemical Innovation Lab, Department of Chemical Engineering, UCL, London WC1E 7JE, United Kingdom
| | - M Amboage
- Diamond Light Source, Didcot, Oxon, OX11 0DE, United Kingdom
| | - S Diaz-Moreno
- Diamond Light Source, Didcot, Oxon, OX11 0DE, United Kingdom
| | - H Huang
- School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, University Road, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
| | - P L Cullen
- Electrochemical Innovation Lab, Department of Chemical Engineering, UCL, London WC1E 7JE, United Kingdom
- School of Engineering and Materials Science (SEMS) and Material Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 4NS, United Kingdom
| | - M Wilding
- UK Catalysis Hub, Research Complex at Harwell, Harwell Campus, OX11 0FA, United Kingdom
| | - E Magliocca
- Electrochemical Innovation Lab, Department of Chemical Engineering, UCL, London WC1E 7JE, United Kingdom
| | - T S Miller
- Electrochemical Innovation Lab, Department of Chemical Engineering, UCL, London WC1E 7JE, United Kingdom
| | - C A Howard
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - D J L Brett
- Electrochemical Innovation Lab, Department of Chemical Engineering, UCL, London WC1E 7JE, United Kingdom
| | - P R Shearing
- Electrochemical Innovation Lab, Department of Chemical Engineering, UCL, London WC1E 7JE, United Kingdom
| | - P F McMillan
- Department of Chemistry, Christopher Ingold Laboratory, University College London, 20 Gordon St., London WC1H 0AJ, United Kingdom
| | - A E Russell
- School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, University Road, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
| | - R Jervis
- Electrochemical Innovation Lab, Department of Chemical Engineering, UCL, London WC1E 7JE, United Kingdom
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Wielinski J, Voegelin A, Grobéty B, Müller CR, Morgenroth E, Kaegi R. Transformation of TiO 2 (nano)particles during sewage sludge incineration. J Hazard Mater 2021; 411:124932. [PMID: 33858078 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.124932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Titanium dioxide (TiO2) (nano)particles are produced in large quantities and their potential impacts on ecosystems warrants investigations into their fate after disposal. TiO2 particles released into wastewater are retained by wastewater treatment plants and accumulate in digested sludge, which is increasingly incinerated in industrialized countries. Therefore, we investigated the changes of the Ti-speciation during incineration of as-received sludge and of sludge spiked with anatase (d=20-50 nm) or rutile (d=200-400 nm) using X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). In the as-received sludge, rutile and anatase were the dominant Ti bearing minerals and both remained unaffected by the anaerobic treatment. During incineration, Ti reacts with hematite to members of the hematite-ilmenite solid solution series (Hem-Ilm). Up to 80% of the Ti spiked as anatase transformed into Hem-Ilm, a distorted 6-fold coordinated Ti (Ti(IV)sulfate) and rutile during incineration. Up to 30% and 60% of rutile transformed into Hem-Ilm and Ti(IV)sulfate represented phases in fly and bottom ash, respectively. Fe and Ti were spatially correlated in ash derived from as-received and anatase spiked sludge, whereas only a thin layer of the spiked rutile reacted with Fe, in line with XAS data. This study highlights the transient nature of nano-Ti species during sewage sludge incineration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Wielinski
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland; ETH Zürich, Institute of Environmental Engineering, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Voegelin
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Bernard Grobéty
- University of Fribourg, Department of Geosciences, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Christoph R Müller
- ETH Zürich, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Eberhard Morgenroth
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland; ETH Zürich, Institute of Environmental Engineering, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Ralf Kaegi
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland.
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50
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Schmeide K, Rossberg A, Bok F, Shams Aldin Azzam S, Weiss S, Scheinost AC. Technetium immobilization by chukanovite and its oxidative transformation products: Neural network analysis of EXAFS spectra. Sci Total Environ 2021; 770:145334. [PMID: 33736379 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The uptake of the fission product technetium (Tc) by chukanovite, an FeII hydroxy carbonate mineral formed as a carbon steel corrosion product in anoxic and carbonate-rich environments, was studied under anoxic, alkaline to hyperalkaline conditions representative for nuclear waste repositories in deep geological formations with cement-based inner linings. The retention potential of chukanovite towards TcVII is high in the pH range 7.8 to 12.6, evidenced by high solid-water distribution coefficients, log Rd ~ 6, and independent of ionic strength (0.1 or 1 M NaCl). Using Tc K-edge X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) two series of samples were investigated, Tc chukanovite sorption samples and coprecipitates, prepared with varying Tc loadings, pH values and contact times. From the resulting 37 XAS spectra, spectral endmembers and their dependence on chemical parameters were derived by self-organizing (Kohonen) maps (SOM), a neural network-based approach of machine learning. X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) data confirmed the complete reduction of TcVII to TcIV by chukanovite under all experimental conditions. Consistent with mineralogical phases identified by X-ray diffraction (XRD), SOM analysis of the extended X-ray absorption fine-structure (EXAFS) spectra revealed the presence of three species in the sorption samples, the speciation predominately controlled by pH: Between pH 7.8 and 11.8, TcO2-dimers form inner-sphere sorption complexes at the surface of the initial chukanovite as well as on the surface of secondary magnetite formed due to redox reaction. At pH ≥ 11.9, TcIV is incorporated in a mixed, chukanovite-like, Fe/Tc hydroxy carbonate precipitate. The same species formed when using the coprecipitation approach. Reoxidation of sorption samples resulted in a small remobilization of Tc, demonstrating that both the original chukanovite mineral and its oxidative transformation products, magnetite and goethite, contribute to the immobilization of Tc in the long term, thus strongly attenuating its environmental transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja Schmeide
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Institute of Resource Ecology, Bautzner Landstraße 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany.
| | - André Rossberg
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Institute of Resource Ecology, Bautzner Landstraße 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany; The Rossendorf Beamline at ESRF - The European Synchrotron, CS40220, 38043 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Frank Bok
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Institute of Resource Ecology, Bautzner Landstraße 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Salim Shams Aldin Azzam
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Institute of Resource Ecology, Bautzner Landstraße 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Stephan Weiss
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Institute of Resource Ecology, Bautzner Landstraße 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Andreas C Scheinost
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Institute of Resource Ecology, Bautzner Landstraße 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany; The Rossendorf Beamline at ESRF - The European Synchrotron, CS40220, 38043 Grenoble Cedex 9, France.
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