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Mushtaq S, Khan MIU, Khan MT, Husain A. Demographic and clinical variables in the dengue epidemic in Punjab, Pakistan. Pak J Med Sci 2023; 39:1742-1746. [PMID: 37936734 PMCID: PMC10626096 DOI: 10.12669/pjms.39.6.7383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives To identify the latest trends in the clinical picture and severity of the disease, which will help better understand and manage dengue. Methodology It was a cross-sectional, hospital-based study performed in the tertiary care hospitals of Punjab from August 21 to December 2022, in which serologically and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) confirmed patients with dengue infection, were enrolled. Demographic and clinical variables were recorded on a pre-tested Performa, processed and presented in frequency and percentages, and graphs were generated. Mean and standard deviation was used to present continuous variables. Results Out of a total of 580 patients, 472 were diagnosed with Dengue Fever (DF) and 108 with Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF). About 79.31% of the patients were male and 20.69% were females. The mean age of patients was 32.5±9 years. Among the clinical features the percentage of high-grade fever, body aches, and vomiting were the highest. The liver function profile showed that serum bilirubin, Serum aspartate transaminase (AST), serum alanine transaminase (ALT,) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels were markedly raised. Conclusion This study showed that with time the trends in the presentation of dengue are slowly shifting, which will help us better manage the disease burden in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saira Mushtaq
- Saira Mushtaq, M.Phil. Biochemistry Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Lahore KM Defence Road, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Malik Ihsan Ullah Khan
- Malik Ihsan Ullah Khan, Ph.D. Biology Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Lahore KM Defence Road, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Tahir Khan
- Muhammad Tahir Khan, Ph.D. Bioinformatics Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Scientist at the Zhongjing Research and, Industrialization Institute of Chinese Medicine, Zhongguancun Scientific Park, Meixi, Nanyang, Henan, 473006, PR China
| | - Aamir Husain
- Aamir Husain, FCPS Medicine Allied Hospital, Faisalabad, Pakistan
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Zhou M, Cai H, Yi W, Gao X. A Nonlinear Relationship Between ALT Levels at Delivery and the Risk of Postpartum ALT Flares in Pregnant Women with Chronic Hepatitis B. Int J Med Sci 2023; 20:247-253. [PMID: 36794153 PMCID: PMC9925984 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.79663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The aim of the present study was to investigate the association between alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels at delivery and postpartum ALT flares among women with chronic hepatitis B (CHB). Methods: Pregnant women with CHB from November 2008 to November 2017 were included in this retrospective study. Multivariable logistic regression analysis and a generalized additive model were performed to determine both linear and nonlinear relationships between ALT levels at delivery and postpartum ALT flares. Stratification analysis was performed to test for effect modifications in subgroups. Results: A total of 2643 women were enrolled. Multivariable analysis indicated that ALT levels at delivery were positively associated with postpartum ALT flares (odds ratio (OR) 1.02, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.01-1.02, P < 0.0001). When ALT levels were converted to a categorical variable, the ORs and 95% CIs in quartiles 3 and 4 versus quartile 1 were 2.26 (1.43-3.58) and 5.34 (3.48-8.22), respectively (P for trend < 0.001). When ALT levels were dichotomized into a categorical variable according to clinical cutoffs (40 U/L or 19 U/L), the ORs and 95% CIs were 3.06 (2.05-4.57) and 3.31 (2.53-4.35), respectively (P < 0.0001). The ALT level at delivery was also found to have a nonlinear relationship with postpartum ALT flares. The relationship followed an inverted U-shaped curve. Conclusions: The ALT level at delivery was positively correlated with postpartum ALT flares in women with CHB when the ALT level was less than 182.8 U/L. The ALT cutoff (19 U/L) at delivery was more sensitive to predict the risk of ALT flares postpartum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingfang Zhou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100015, China
| | - Haodong Cai
- Hepatology clinic, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100015, China
| | - Wei Yi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100015, China
| | - Xuesong Gao
- Department of General Medicine, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100015, China
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Üstünışık ÇT, Duman ZM, Timur B, Aksu T, İyigün T, Göde S, Bayram M, Erentuğ V. Early Mortality Predictors in İnfective Endocarditis Patients: A Single-Center Surgical Experience. Braz J Cardiovasc Surg 2022; 37:829-835. [PMID: 36259995 PMCID: PMC9713650 DOI: 10.21470/1678-9741-2021-0621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Infective endocarditis is a disease that progresses with morbidity and mortality, afecting 3-10 out of 100,000 people per year. We conducted this study to review the early outcomes of surgical treatment of infective endocarditis. METHODS In this retrospective study, 122 patients who underwent cardiac surgery for infective endocarditis in our clinic between November 2009 and December 2020 were evaluated. Patients were divided into two groups according to in-hospital mortality. Demographic, echocardiographic, laboratory, operative, and postoperative data of the groups were compared. RESULTS Between November 3, 2009, and December 7, 2020, 122 patients were operated for infective endocarditis in our hospital. Emergency surgery was performed in nine (7.3%) patients. In-hospital mortality occurred in 23 (18.9%) patients, and 99 (81.1%) patients were discharged. In-hospital mortality was related with older age, presence of periannular abscess, New York Heart Association class 3 or 4 symptoms, low albumin level, high alanine aminotransferase level, and longer cross-clamping time (P<0.05 for all). CONCLUSION The presence of paravalvular abscess was the most important prognostic factor in patients operated for infective endocarditis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Çiğdem Tel Üstünışık
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Istanbul University
Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Zihni Mert Duman
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Cizre State Hospital,
Şırnak, Turkey
| | - Barış Timur
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Istanbul Dr. Siyami Ersek
Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul,
Turkey
| | - Timuçin Aksu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Istanbul Mehmet Akif Ersoy
Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul,
Turkey
| | - Taner İyigün
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Istanbul Mehmet Akif Ersoy
Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul,
Turkey
| | - Safa Göde
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Istanbul Mehmet Akif Ersoy
Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul,
Turkey
| | - Muhammed Bayram
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Istanbul Mehmet Akif Ersoy
Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul,
Turkey
| | - Vedat Erentuğ
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Istanbul Mehmet Akif Ersoy
Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul,
Turkey
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Choi WJ, Kim GA, Park J, Jang S, Jung WJ, Shim JJ, Park Y, Choi GH, Kim JW, Jeong SH, Jang ES. Incidence and Pattern of Aminotransferase Elevation During Anti-Hypertensive Therapy With Angiotensin-II Receptor Blockers. J Korean Med Sci 2022; 37:e255. [PMID: 35996932 PMCID: PMC9424746 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2022.37.e255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Angiotensin type II receptor blockers (ARBs) are the most widely used anti-hypertensive drugs. This study aimed to elucidate the likelihood and pattern of ARB-induced liver injury in a hospital-based cohort. METHODS Data of patients receiving fimasartan (n = 5,543), candesartan (n = 6,406), valsartan (n = 6,040), and losartan (n = 9,126) were retrieved from the clinical data warehouse of two tertiary hospitals. Patients with alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels > 5 times the upper normal limit were assessed according to the Roussel Uclaf Causality Assessment Method (RUCAM). RESULTS A total of 27,115 patients were enrolled, including 14,630 (54.0%) men, with a mean age of 64.6 years (standard deviation, 13.6). During 31,717 person-years of ARB therapy, serum ALT levels > 120 IU/L were found in 558 (2.1%) person-years, and levels > 200 IU/L were found in 155 (0.6%) person-years. The incidence of ALT elevation > 120 IU/L per 106 cumulative defined daily doses was 6.6, 3.6, 3.9, and 4.0 in the fimasartan, candesartan, valsartan, and losartan groups, respectively (P = 0.002). An ALT level > 200 IU/L with RUCAM score ≥ 6 was found in 20 patients, suggesting probable drug-induced liver injury for 11 (0.2%) patients receiving fimasartan, five (0.1%) receiving candesartan, four (0.1%) receiving valsartan, and none receiving losartan (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION Approximately 2% of patients receiving ARB therapy had significant ALT elevation (4.24/106 cumulative defined daily doses [cDDDs]), which was associated with probable ARB-related liver injury in 0.07% of patients (0.15/106 cDDDs). Elevation of ALT was more commonly associated with fimasartan than the other ARBs. Clinicians should be aware of the possibility of ARB-related ALT elevation in patients with unexplained chronic abnormal ALT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Won Joon Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Gi-Ae Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jaewon Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Sangmi Jang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Woo Jin Jung
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Jae-Jun Shim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yewan Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Gwang Hyeon Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Jin-Wook Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Sook-Hyang Jeong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Eun Sun Jang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea.
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Li Z, Xie B, Yi N, Cai H, Yi W, Gao X. Efficacy and safety of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate or telbivudine used throughout pregnancy for the prevention of mother-to-child transmission of hepatitis B virus: A cohort study. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2022; 276:102-6. [PMID: 35853269 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2022.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) use compared with telbivudine (LdT) use throughout pregnancy has not been adequately investigated. To compare the efficacy and safety of TDF and LdT for the prevention of mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of hepatitis B from highly viremic mothers throughout pregnancy in real-world settings. STUDY DESIGN This was a single-center, retrospective cohort study. From January 1, 2013, to December 31, 2018, we retrospectively enrolled 602 mothers with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) who received antiviral treatment throughout pregnancy at Beijing Ditan Hospital. A total of 562 mothers met the inclusion criteria, with 167 in the TDF group and 395 in the LdT group. Mothers and infants were followed for 28 weeks postpartum. The primary endpoint was the MTCT rate of HBV. The secondary endpoints were the safety profiles in mothers and infants. RESULTS The MTCT rates were 0 % in both the TDF and LdT groups. The rates of neonatal congenital abnormalities were similar between the TDF and LdT groups (1.2 % vs 1.8 %, P = 0.896). There were no significant differences in perinatal complications between the two groups (all P > 0.05). There were also no significant differences in gestational age or infant height, weight, Apgar score. The level of HBV DNA at 28 weeks postpartum was an independent risk factor for postpartum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) flares (OR = 2.348, 95 % CI: 1.100-5.016, P = 0.027). CONCLUSION TDF and LdT treatments throughout pregnancy in mothers with CHB were equally effective in preventing MTCT and safe.
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Kolahdoozan S, Mirminachi B, Sepanlou SG, Malekzadeh R, Merat S, Poustchi H. Upper Normal Limits of Serum Alanine Aminotransferase in Healthy Population: A Systematic Review. Middle East J Dig Dis 2020; 12:194-205. [PMID: 33062225 PMCID: PMC7548087 DOI: 10.34172/mejdd.2020.182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Measuring serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) enzyme is a routine clinical test commonly used to evaluate abnormalities in the body in general, and in the liver function in particular. Higher ALT levels are associated with some metabolic disorders. The upper limit normal (ULN) is considered as a reliable threshold for the definition of high ALT. OBJECTIVES: To assess the existing evidence on the ULN for ALT in the general population. DATA SOURCE: PubMed (Medline), EMBASE, Scopus, and Web of Science (ISI) were searched using a specified search strategy. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA: We collected documents published from 1980 to 2018 in the English language, focusing on human samples at the population level and extracted the data after qualitative evaluation. METHODS We conducted this study in accordance with the recommendations of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis (PRISMA) statement. We used specific search terms and their combinations to find documents from relevant databases. We used a snowballing approach to find documents not captured in the main phase of the search. Two authors separately conducted the search, screened the articles, and selected documents that were qualified for data extraction based on the defined inclusion criteria. Finally, data extraction was conducted by two authors using PRISMA checklist. Reported ULNs for ALT and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were documented in previously developed datasheets. RESULTS Out of 15242 studies, 47 articles were included for data extraction and analysis. Data were sparse and lacked the consistency to precisely estimate ULN for serum ALT. The ULN of ALT was significantly diverse across various geographical locations and sexes. The lowest value of ULN for ALT was 19 IU/L in Chinese children (age range: 7 to < 10 years), and the highest value of ULN for ALT was 55 IU/L in children from Ghana aged < 5 years. LIMITATIONS: The main limitation of the current systematic review was the scarcity of the reported measures for ULN of ALT. CONCLUSION Based on the results of the current systematic review, it is suggested that the normal range of ALT be redefined, but this redefinition should be done according to the localized data. In order to redefine the ULN for ALT, regional differences, methods used in ALT measurements, and ULN determination should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shadi Kolahdoozan
- Digestive Diseases Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Babak Mirminachi
- Digestive Diseases Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sadaf G Sepanlou
- Digestive Diseases Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Malekzadeh
- Digestive Diseases Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahin Merat
- Digestive Diseases Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Poustchi
- Digestive Diseases Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Shoaf SE, Ouyang J, Sergeyeva O, Estilo A, Li H, Leung D. A Post Hoc Analysis of Statin Use in Tolvaptan Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease Pivotal Trials. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2020; 15:643-650. [PMID: 32241780 PMCID: PMC7269222 DOI: 10.2215/cjn.08170719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Tolvaptan is approved to slow kidney function decline in adults with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) at risk of rapid progression. Because in vitro studies indicated that the tolvaptan oxobutyric acid metabolite inhibits organic anion-transporting polypeptide (OATP)1B1 and OATP1B3, United States prescribing information advises avoiding concurrent use with OATP1B1/1B3 substrates, including hepatic hydroxymethyl glutaryl-CoA reductase inhibitors (statins). This post hoc analysis of the pivotal phase 3 tolvaptan trials (Tolvaptan Efficacy and Safety in Management of Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease and Its Outcomes [TEMPO] 3:4 trial [NCT00428948] and Replicating Evidence of Preserved Renal Function: an Investigation of Tolvaptan Safety and Efficacy in ADPKD [REPRISE] trial [NCT02160145]) examined the safety of concurrent tolvaptan/statin use. DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS, & MEASUREMENTS The trials randomized a combined total of 2815 subjects with early- to late-stage ADPKD to tolvaptan (n=1644) or placebo (n=1171) for 3 years (TEMPO 3:4) and 1 year (REPRISE). Statin use was unrestricted, and 597 subjects (21.2% overall; 332 [20.2%] tolvaptan, 265 [22.6%] placebo) received statins. Statin use (duration, dose change, statin change, permanent discontinuation), incidences of statin-related adverse events, and hepatic transaminase elevations were determined for subjects who received tolvaptan+statin, placebo+statin, tolvaptan alone, and placebo alone. RESULTS No differences in statin use parameters between tolvaptan- and placebo-treated subjects were observed. No statistically significant increases in commonly reported statin-related adverse events (e.g., musculoskeletal disorders, gastrointestinal symptoms) were seen between subjects receiving tolvaptan+statin and placebo+statin. For example, in TEMPO 3:4, frequencies were 5.4% and 7.8%, respectively, for myalgia (difference -2.4%; 95% confidence interval, -11.2% to 6.4%) and 9.3% and 7.8%, respectively, for abdominal pain (difference 1.5%; -7.9% to 10.9%). In an analysis that excluded participants concurrently using allopurinol, the frequency of alanine transaminase or aspartate transaminase >3× upper limit of normal in the pooled study populations was 3.6% for the tolvaptan+statin group and 2.3% for the placebo+statin group (difference 1.4%; -2.0% to 4.7%). CONCLUSIONS Tolvaptan has been used safely in combination with statins in clinical trials. PODCAST This article contains a podcast at https://www.asn-online.org/media/podcast/CJASN/2020_04_06_CJN.08170719.mp3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan E Shoaf
- Otsuka Pharmaceutical Development & Commercialization, Inc., Rockville, Maryland
| | - John Ouyang
- Otsuka Pharmaceutical Development & Commercialization, Inc., Rockville, Maryland
| | - Olga Sergeyeva
- Otsuka Pharmaceutical Development & Commercialization, Inc., Princeton, New Jersey
| | - Alvin Estilo
- Otsuka Pharmaceutical Development & Commercialization, Inc., Princeton, New Jersey
| | - Hui Li
- Otsuka Pharmaceutical Development & Commercialization, Inc., Rockville, Maryland
| | - Deborah Leung
- Otsuka Pharmaceutical Development & Commercialization, Inc., Rockville, Maryland
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Derakhshandeh-Rishehri SM, Heidari-Beni M, Eftekhari MH. THE EFFECTS OF REALSIL (SILYBIN-PHOSPHOLIPID-VITAMIN E COMPLEX) ON LIVER ENZYMES IN PATIENTS WITH NON-ALCOHOLIC FATTY LIVER DISEASE (NAFLD) OR NON-ALCOHOLIC STEATO-HEPATITIS (NASH): A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS OF RCTS. Acta Endocrinol (Buchar) 2020; 16:223-231. [PMID: 33029240 DOI: 10.4183/aeb.2020.223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Background The aim of the present study was to systematically review the effects of Realsil (silybin-phospholipid-vitamin E complex) on liver enzymes in patients with NAFLD or NASH. Methods We searched Web of Science, MEDLINE, Google Scholar, Cochrane Library, Science Direct, ProQuest, Scopus, and 1868 articles were found up to December 2018. Four studies that examined the effect of Realsil intake on liver enzymes among NAFLD or NASH patients were included. Exclusion criteria include: animal studies, studies with the design other than clinical trials, studies on non-adult individuals, studies that assess the effect of vitamin E, silybin, or phospholipid solely, studies that examined the effect of Realsil on other outcomes, or studies with insufficient data. Results The analysis demonstrated that Realsil intake led to a significant decrease in Gamma-Glutamyl Transpeptidase (GGT) levels (standardized mean difference (SMD) =-0.37; 95% confidence interval (CI]): -0.68 to -0.06). Realsil intake non-significantly decrease alanine transaminase (ALT) levels (SMD=-1.02 U/L; 95% CI: -2.23 to 0.20) and non-significantly increase aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels (SMD = 0.17 U/L; 95% CI: -0.26-0.61). Conclusion Realsil intake was associated with a significantly decreased circulating GGT level without any significant effect on AST and ALT levels.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - M Heidari-Beni
- Child Growth and Development Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - M H Eftekhari
- Child Growth and Development Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Wong YJ, Tan M, Zheng Q, Li JW, Kumar R, Fock KM, Teo EK, Ang TL. A systematic review and meta-analysis of the COVID-19 associated liver injury. Ann Hepatol 2020; 19:627-634. [PMID: 32882393 PMCID: PMC7458067 DOI: 10.1016/j.aohep.2020.08.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has affected more than 5 million people globally. Data on the prevalence and degree of COVID-19 associated liver injury among patients with COVID-19 remain limited. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the prevalence and degree of liver injury between patients with severe and non-severe COVID-19. METHODS We performed a systematic search of three electronic databases (PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE and Cochrane Library), from inception to 24th April 2020. We included all adult human studies (>20 subjects) regardless of language, region or publication date or status. We assessed the pooled odds ratio (OR), mean difference (MD) and 95% confidence interval (95%CI) using the random-effects model. RESULTS Among 1543 citations, there were 24 studies (5961 subjects) which fulfilled our inclusion criteria. The pooled odds ratio for elevated ALT (OR = 2.5, 95%CI: 1.6-3.7, I2 = 57%), AST (OR = 3.4, 95%CI: 2.3-5.0, I2 = 56%), hyperbilirubinemia (OR = 1.7, 95%CI: 1.2-2.5, I2 = 0%) and hypoalbuminemia (OR = 7.1, 95%CI: 2.1-24.1, I2 = 71%) were higher subjects in critical COVID-19. CONCLUSION COVID-19 associated liver injury is more common in severe COVID-19 than non-severe COVID-19. Physicians should be aware of possible progression to severe disease in subjects with COVID-19-associated liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Jun Wong
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Changi General Hospital; Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore.
| | - Malcolm Tan
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Changi General Hospital,Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore
| | - Qishi Zheng
- Singapore Clinical Research Institute,Cochrane Singapore
| | - James Weiquan Li
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Changi General Hospital,Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore
| | - Rahul Kumar
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Changi General Hospital
| | - Kwong Ming Fock
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Changi General Hospital,Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore,Cochrane Singapore
| | - Eng Kiong Teo
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Changi General Hospital,Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore
| | - Tiing Leong Ang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Changi General Hospital,Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore
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Hong JY, Kim HS, Choi IY. Pilot Algorithm Designed to Help Early Detection of HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitor-Induced Hepatotoxicity. Healthc Inform Res 2017; 23:199-207. [PMID: 28875055 PMCID: PMC5572524 DOI: 10.4258/hir.2017.23.3.199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2017] [Revised: 07/02/2017] [Accepted: 07/02/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives To enable early detection of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) in patients using HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors (statins), we developed an algorithm that automatically detects liver injury caused by statins from Electronic Medical Record (EMR) data. We verified the performance of our algorithm through manual ADR assessment and a direct chart review. Methods The subjects in this study were patients who had been prescribed a statin for the first time among outpatients in Seoul St. Mary's Hospital in Korea between January 2009 and December 2012. We extracted basic information about the patients, including laboratory information, underlying disease, diagnosis information, prescription information, and concomitant drugs. We developed an automatic ADR detection algorithm by using EMR data. We validated the results of the algorithm through a chart review. Results We developed the algorithm to assess ADR occurrences based on alanine transaminase (ALT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels. According to the proposed algorithm, any of these result options could be attained: ADR-free, little association, strong association, and weak association or indeterminable. The results of the ADR assessments obtained using the proposed algorithm showed that the data of 126 patients (1.4% of all 9,241 patients) included suspicious figures, thus indicating the possibility of an ADR. In the EMR chart review for verifying the algorithm, ADRs of 33 patients were not associated with statin use; therefore, the ADR occurrence rate was found to be 1.0% (93/9,241). Therefore, the positive predictive value was calculated to be 73.8% (93/126; 95% confidence interval, 69.2%–77.6%). No differences were observed between statin types (p = 0.472). Conclusions For early detection of statin-induced liver injury, we developed an automatic ADR assessment algorithm. We expect that algorithms that are more reliable can be developed if we conduct supplement clinical studies with a focus on adverse drug effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joo Young Hong
- Division of Biomedical Informatics, Systems Biomedical Informatics Research Centre, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Cipherome Inc., Seoul, Korea
| | - Hun-Sung Kim
- Department of Medical Informatics, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.,Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - In Young Choi
- Department of Medical Informatics, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
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11
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Imajo K, Kessoku T, Honda Y, Tomeno W, Ogawa Y, Mawatari H, Fujita K, Yoneda M, Taguri M, Hyogo H, Sumida Y, Ono M, Eguchi Y, Inoue T, Yamanaka T, Wada K, Saito S, Nakajima A. Magnetic Resonance Imaging More Accurately Classifies Steatosis and Fibrosis in Patients With Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Than Transient Elastography. Gastroenterology 2016; 150:626-637.e7. [PMID: 26677985 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2015.11.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 514] [Impact Index Per Article: 64.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2015] [Revised: 11/20/2015] [Accepted: 11/21/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Noninvasive methods have been evaluated for the assessment of liver fibrosis and steatosis in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). We compared the ability of transient elastography (TE) with the M-probe, and magnetic resonance elastography (MRE) to assess liver fibrosis. Findings from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-based proton density fat fraction (PDFF) measurements were compared with those from TE-based controlled attenuation parameter (CAP) measurements to assess steatosis. METHODS We performed a cross-sectional study of 142 patients with NAFLD (identified by liver biopsy; mean body mass index, 28.1 kg/m(2)) in Japan from July 2013 through April 2015. Our study also included 10 comparable subjects without NAFLD (controls). All study subjects were evaluated by TE (including CAP measurements), MRI using the MRE and PDFF techniques. RESULTS TE identified patients with fibrosis stage ≥2 with an area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUROC) curve value of 0.82 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.74-0.89), whereas MRE identified these patients with an AUROC curve value of 0.91 (95% CI: 0.86-0.96; P = .001). TE-based CAP measurements identified patients with hepatic steatosis grade ≥2 with an AUROC curve value of 0.73 (95% CI: 0.64-0.81) and PDFF methods identified them with an AUROC curve value of 0.90 (95% CI: 0.82-0.97; P < .001). Measurement of serum keratin 18 fragments or alanine aminotransferase did not add value to TE or MRI for identifying nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. CONCLUSIONS MRE and PDFF methods have higher diagnostic performance in noninvasive detection of liver fibrosis and steatosis in patients with NAFLD than TE and CAP methods. MRI-based noninvasive assessment of liver fibrosis and steatosis is a potential alternative to liver biopsy in clinical practice. UMIN Clinical Trials Registry No. UMIN000012757.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kento Imajo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Takaomi Kessoku
- Department of Gastroenterology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yasushi Honda
- Department of Gastroenterology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Wataru Tomeno
- Department of Gastroenterology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yuji Ogawa
- Department of Gastroenterology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Hironori Mawatari
- Department of Gastroenterology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Koji Fujita
- Department of Gastroenterology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Masato Yoneda
- Department of Gastroenterology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Masataka Taguri
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Hyogo
- Department of Medicine and Molecular Science, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Yoshio Sumida
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masafumi Ono
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kochi Medical School, Kochi, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Eguchi
- Division of Hepatology, Saga Medical School, Liver Center, Saga, Japan
| | - Tomio Inoue
- Department of Radiology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Takeharu Yamanaka
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Koichiro Wada
- Department of Pharmacology, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, Izumo, Shimane, Japan
| | - Satoru Saito
- Department of Gastroenterology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Atsushi Nakajima
- Department of Gastroenterology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan.
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12
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Yu SL, Deng H, Li XH, Huang YX, Xie DY, Gao ZL. Expression of MicroRNA-155 is Downregulated in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells of Chronic Hepatitis B Patients. Hepat Mon 2016; 16:e34483. [PMID: 27110261 PMCID: PMC4834416 DOI: 10.5812/hepatmon.34483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2015] [Revised: 12/18/2015] [Accepted: 01/01/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Persistent hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is sustained by inadequate immune responses, either natural or acquired. Recent studies have suggested that immune responses to viral infection may be affected by microRNA (miR)-155, via its involvement in immune cell differentiation and maturation. However, little is known on the specific interaction between miR-155 and HBV in host antiviral immunity. OBJECTIVES This study evaluated the levels of miR-155 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients, relative to that of healthy subjects, and investigated an association between miR-155 levels and HBV DNA or alanine aminotransferase (ALT). PATIENTS AND METHODS Total RNA was extracted from peripheral venous blood samples of 90 treatment-naive patients with chronic HBV infection and 20 healthy volunteers. The levels of miR-155 in the PBMCs were measured by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Serum HBV DNA and liver enzymes were estimated using standard clinical laboratory methods. RESULTS In the HBV-infected patients, the miR-155 levels were significantly lower than in the healthy controls (P = 0.001). Chronic HBV-infected patients with elevated ALT had higher levels of miR-155 compared with patients with normal ALT (P = 0.014). No correlations were found between miR-155 and ALT or HBV DNA. CONCLUSIONS The miR-155 appeared to be suppressed during HBV infection. The significantly higher miR-155 levels in ALT-elevated patients infected with HBV suggest that miR-155 levels in PBMCs correlate with the immune state of patients with chronic HBV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Lin Yu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hong Deng
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Corresponding Author: Hong Deng, Department of Infectious Diseases, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, No. 600, Tianhe Road Guangzhou, China. Tel: +86-2085252063, Fax: +86-2085252372, E-mail:
| | - Xin-Hua Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ya-Xin Huang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dong-Ying Xie
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhi-Liang Gao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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13
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Rudolph B, Rivas Y, Kulak S, Pan D, Ewart M, Levin TL, Thompson JF, Scharbach K. Yield of diagnostic tests in obese children with an elevated alanine aminotransferase. Acta Paediatr 2015; 104:e557-63. [PMID: 26341254 DOI: 10.1111/apa.13176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2015] [Revised: 06/15/2015] [Accepted: 09/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
AIM Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is associated with obesity and affects roughly 10% of children. However, NAFLD is often diagnosed by exclusion - that is, obese children with an elevated alanine aminotransferase (ALT) are screened for other liver diseases in the absence of a biopsy. This testing is nonstandardized, and professional society recommendations differ. This study examines the yield of testing for disorders other than NAFLD in this patient population. METHODS A retrospective study was performed in 120 obese, asymptomatic, noncholestatic children with an ALT ≥40 U/L and additional diagnostic testing. RESULTS No patients were found to have Wilson's, hepatitis A, hepatitis B, hepatitis C, cytomegalovirus, alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency, autoimmune hepatitis, celiac disease or Epstein-Barr virus. Only one patient (1/120) was identified with definite disease other than NAFLD, which was muscular dystrophy. The positive predictive value of a screening test was 5%, and the specificity was 97%. Of 70 children with an abdominal ultrasound, no significant abnormalities were identified. CONCLUSION Extensive testing in asymptomatic, noncholestatic, obese children with an elevated ALT may be of limited diagnostic value and false-positive tests are likely. Large, prospective studies are needed to help focus the work up in this patient population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan Rudolph
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition; Children's Hospital at Montefiore; Albert Einstein College of Medicine; Bronx NY USA
| | - Yolanda Rivas
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition; Children's Hospital at Montefiore; Albert Einstein College of Medicine; Bronx NY USA
| | - Shulamit Kulak
- Division of Pediatrics; Children's Hospital at Montefiore; Albert Einstein College of Medicine; Bronx NY USA
| | - Debra Pan
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition; Children's Hospital at Montefiore; Albert Einstein College of Medicine; Bronx NY USA
| | - Michelle Ewart
- Division of Pathology; Children's Hospital at Montefiore; Albert Einstein College of Medicine; Bronx NY USA
| | - Terry L. Levin
- Division of Radiology; Children's Hospital at Montefiore; Albert Einstein College of Medicine; Bronx NY USA
| | - John F. Thompson
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition; Children's Hospital at Montefiore; Albert Einstein College of Medicine; Bronx NY USA
| | - Kathryn Scharbach
- Division of Pediatrics; Children's Hospital at Montefiore; Albert Einstein College of Medicine; Bronx NY USA
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14
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Iloon Kashkooli R, Najafi SS, Sharif F, Hamedi A, Hoseini Asl MK, Najafi Kalyani M, Birjandi M. The effect of berberis vulgaris extract on transaminase activities in non-alcoholic Fatty liver disease. Hepat Mon 2015; 15:e25067. [PMID: 25788958 PMCID: PMC4350248 DOI: 10.5812/hepatmon.25067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2014] [Revised: 01/01/2015] [Accepted: 01/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most prevalent liver disorder in western countries and an important cause of liver cirrhosis, as well as liver failure. Up to now, 20‒40% of the individuals suffer from this disorder and its prevalence is estimated around 5‒30% in Asia. The NAFLD is one of the most prevalent causes for increases in liver enzymes and has a close relationship with obesity, dyslipidemia, hypertension, and type II diabetes. However, no definite treatment has been identified for it yet. OBJECTIVES The present study aimed to investigate the effect of berberis vulgaris extract in inducing changes in liver enzymes levels. PATIENTS AND METHODS The present clinical trial was conducted on 80 patients, including 32 males (40%) and 48 females (60%), who were randomly assigned into two groups of case and control. All the patients had ultrasound evidence of lipid accumulation in the liver and increases in liver enzymes. The case group received two capsules (750 mg) containing berberis vulgaris extract every day for 3 months, while the control group was treated with placebo. The weight, liver transaminases levels and lipid profiles of the two groups were assessed before, during, and after the study. RESULTS In the case group, the mean serum levels of alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate transaminase (AST) decreased from 49 to 27.48 and 48.22 to 29.8 u/L, respectively, which was statistically significant compared to the control group (P < 0.001, P < 0.001). In the control group, the mean of ALT and AST decreased from 50.4 to 46.8 and 45.7 to 44.9 u/L, respectively. The difference was not statistically significant. In addition, a significant decrease was observed in weight, triglycerides, and cholesterol, while no significant change was found in fasting blood sugar, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL). CONCLUSIONS Considering the significant decrease in the liver enzymes, triglycerides and cholesterol after using berberis vulgaris extract, further studies with larger sample sizes will identify the accurate dose as well as duration of consumption for this extract, to recommend in the treatment of patients with NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raziye Iloon Kashkooli
- Department of Medical Surgical, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, IR Iran
| | - Seyed Saeed Najafi
- Department of Medical Surgical, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, IR Iran
- Corresponding Author: Seyed Saeed Najafi, Department of Medical Surgical Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, IR Iran. Tel: +98-7136474254, E-mail:
| | - Farkhondeh Sharif
- Department of Medical Surgical, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, IR Iran
| | - Azadeh Hamedi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, IR Iran
| | - Mohammad Kazem Hoseini Asl
- Gastroenterohepatology Research Center, Nemazee Hospital, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, IR Iran
| | - Majid Najafi Kalyani
- Department of Medical Surgical, School of Nursing, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, IR Iran
| | - Mehdi Birjandi
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khoramabad, IR Iran
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15
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Shahraki MR, Irani M. The effects of ecstasy on liver function tests, blood glucose, and lipids profile of male rats. Int J High Risk Behav Addict 2014; 3:e21076. [PMID: 25741481 PMCID: PMC4331654 DOI: 10.5812/ijhrba.21076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2014] [Revised: 07/20/2014] [Accepted: 07/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Background: Ecstasy is used to improve mood and cordiality; however, based on some reports, it is neurotoxic to human users. Objectives: Because of the euphoria induced by MDMA (3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine) on the users, its consumption is increasing in almost all countries. This study was carried out to determine the effects of ecstasy administration in rats’ blood sugar, lipids profile, and liver function tests. Materials and Methods: The experiment was performed using 50 mature Wistar-Albino male rats. The rats were divided into five groups (n = 10). Sham control group (A), received tap water and ordinary rodent diet. The control (B) was administered saline but tests group C, D1, and D2 received single dose and multiple doses of MDMA, respectively. After experimental period, animals were deeply anesthetized by diethyl ether, sacrificed and the blood samples were collected for the evaluation of blood glucose, serum lipid and aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), and alkaline phosphatase (ALK-P). Data were expressed as mean ± SD and statistical difference was considered significant at P < 0.05. Results: In C group, the values of blood sugar (193.8 ± 11.6 mg/dL), low density lipoprotein (LDL) (19.2 ± 7.9 mg/dL), and cholesterol (76.1 ± 10.6 mg/dL), were significantly increased compared with those of control A and B (135 ± 12.7), (140 ± 18.8), and (45.4 ± 9.8), (49.8 ± 2.1) (49.4 ± 10.6) groups. However, aspartate transaminase (AST) and alanine transaminase (ALT) were significantly increased in groups D1 (145.8 ± 14.7 U/L), (91.1 ± 8.1 U/L), and D2 (159.4 ± 13.8 U/L) and (75.4 ± 7.8) compared with those of group A (107.2 ± 8.1), (45.4 ± 9.8), B (79.8 ± 12.1), (49.8 ± 2.1), and C (115.6 ± 17.5), (52.1 ± 7.6 U/L). Cholesterol and LDL increased in groups C and D compared with group A. Conclusions: These results indicated that chronic administration of MDMA affects liver as well as lipoprotein profile in male rats. The exact mechanism of action needs further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Reza Shahraki
- Department of Physiology, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, IR Iran
- Corresponding author: Mohmmad Reza Shahraki, Department of Physiology, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, IR Iran. Tel: +98-5413414552-5, Fax: +98-5413414563, E-mail:
| | - Mahdieh Irani
- Zahedan Health Service Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, IR Iran
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Makvandi M, Neisi N, Khalafkhany D, Makvandi K, Hajiani E, Shayesteh AA, Masjedi Zadeh A, Sina AH, Hamidifard M, Rasti M, Aryan E, Ahmadi K, Yad Yad MJ. Occult hepatitis B virus among the patients with abnormal alanine transaminase. Jundishapur J Microbiol 2014; 7:e11648. [PMID: 25485052 PMCID: PMC4255214 DOI: 10.5812/jjm.11648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2013] [Revised: 06/25/2013] [Accepted: 07/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The occult hepatitis B infection (OBI) is defined as the presence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA in the sera or in the liver biopsy and the absence of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) by serological test. Objectives: The current study aimed to evaluate the occult HBV infection by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and determine HBV genotyping among the patients with abnormal alanine transaminase (ALT) in Ahvaz city, Iran. Patients and Methods: The sera of 120 patients, 54 (45%) females and 66 (55%) males, with abnormal ALT 40-152 IU were collected. All the patients were negative for HBsAg for more than one year. The patients` sera were tested by PCR using primers specified for the S region of HBV. Then the positive PCR products were sequenced to determine HBV genotyping and phylogenic tree. Results: Of these 120 subjects, 12 (10%) patients including 6 (5%) males and 6 (5%) females were found positive for HBV DNA by PCR, which indicated the presence of occult HBV infection among these patients. The sequencing results revealed that genotype D was predominant with sub-genotyping D1 among OBI patients. Conclusions: Occult hepatitis B infection is remarkably prevalent in Ahvaz, Iran, and should be considered as a potential risk factor for the transmission of Hepatitis B Virus throughout the community by the carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoochehr Makvandi
- Infectious and Tropical Disease Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, IR Iran
- Research Institute for Infectious Diseases of Digestive System, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, IR Iran
- Virology Department, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, IR Iran
- Corresponding author: Manoochehr Makvandi, Infectious and Tropical Disease Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, IR Iran. Tel: +98-6113354389, Fax: +98-6113361544, E-mail:
| | - Niloofar Neisi
- Virology Department, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, IR Iran
| | - Davod Khalafkhany
- Virology Department, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, IR Iran
| | - Kamyar Makvandi
- School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, IR Iran
| | - Eskandar Hajiani
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, IR Iran
| | - Ali Akbar Shayesteh
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, IR Iran
| | - Abdolrahim Masjedi Zadeh
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, IR Iran
| | | | - Mojtaba Hamidifard
- Virology Department, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, IR Iran
| | - Mojtaba Rasti
- Virology Department, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, IR Iran
| | - Ehsan Aryan
- Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, IR Iran
| | - Kambiz Ahmadi
- Department of Statistics, School of Public Health, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, IR Iran
| | - Mohammad Jafar Yad Yad
- Department of Education Development Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, IR Iran
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17
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Farzi H, Ebrahimi Daryani N, Mehrnoush L, Salimi S, Alavian SM. Prognostic values of fluctuations in serum levels of alanine transaminase in inactive carrier state of HBV infection. Hepat Mon 2014; 14:e17537. [PMID: 24829590 PMCID: PMC4013498 DOI: 10.5812/hepatmon.17537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2014] [Revised: 02/22/2014] [Accepted: 02/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Current guidelines introduce periodic monitoring of serum alanine transaminase (ALT) as the first-line modality in follow-up patients, with a hepatitis B virus (HBV) inactive carrier state. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to determine the incidence rate and patterns of ALT fluctuations and prognostic values for the development of chronic HBV e antigen (HBeAg)-negative hepatitis B (CHB), HBV surface antigen (HBsAg) seroclearance, and liver-related complications. PATIENTS AND METHODS Treatment-naïve patients with a chronic HBV infection, HBeAg(-)/HBeAb(+), normal ALT levels, and HBV DNA < 2000 IU/mL, were followed-up every 6-12 months by assessing serum ALT levels. Serum HBV DNA was measured in cases of elevated ALT levels. RESULTS A total of 399 patients were followed-up for 8.9 years; ALT > upper limit of normal (ULN, i.e. 40 IU/L) was detected in 103 (25.8%) patients, with an annual incidence rate of 2.9%. ALT elevation was associated with; male gender, age, and higher serum ALT levels at study entry. Among the cases of ALT elevations, 16 (15.5%) patients had ALT levels > 2 × ULN. There were 38 (36.9%) patients who had ALT levels that remained > ULN over six months, and 21 (20.4%) patients experienced at least two episodes of ALT elevations. In 15 (14.6%) patients, elevated ALT levels were associated with increased HBV replication (i.e. HBV DNA > 2 000 IU/mL) and these were considered as CHB. However, elevation of ALT levels, even in the absence of HBV replication, increased the risk for the development of CHB up to 8-fold in prospective follow-ups. HBsAg seroclearance, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma were detected in 43 (10.8%), 4 (1%), and 1 (0.25%) patients, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Fluctuations in serum ALT levels may change the prognosis of a HBV inactive carrier state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Farzi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Nasser Ebrahimi Daryani
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
| | | | - Shima Salimi
- Middle East Liver Diseases Center (MELD), Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Seyed Moayed Alavian
- Middle East Liver Diseases Center (MELD), Tehran, IR Iran
- Corresponding Author: Seyed Moayed Alavian, Middle East Liver Diseases Center (MELD), Tehran, IR Iran. Tel: +98-2188067114, Fax: +98-2188067114, E-mail:
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18
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Jamali R, Mofid A, Vahedi H, Farzaneh R, Dowlatshahi S. The effect of helicobacter pylori eradication on liver fat content in subjects with non-alcoholic Fatty liver disease: a randomized open-label clinical trial. Hepat Mon 2013; 13:e14679. [PMID: 24358044 PMCID: PMC3867002 DOI: 10.5812/hepatmon.14679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2013] [Revised: 10/18/2013] [Accepted: 11/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of Helicobacter pylori (HP) in the pathogenesis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is unclear. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of HP eradication on liver fat content (LFC), liver function tests (LFT), lipid profile, and homeostasis model assessment-IR (HOMA-IR) index in NAFLD. PATIENTS AND METHODS Dyspeptic patients with increased serum aminotransferase levels were enrolled in the study. The exclusion criteria were factors affecting serum aminotransferase or HP treatment strategy. Participants with persistent elevated serum aminotransferase level and ultrasound criteria for identification of fatty liver were presumed to have NAFLD. "NAFLD liver fat score" was used to classify NAFLD. Those with "NAFLD liver fat score" greater than -0.64 and positive results for urea breath test (UBT), were included. Lifestyle modification was provided to all participants. HP eradication was performed in intervention arm. LFC, fasting serum glucose (FSG), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), triglyceride (TG), cholesterol (CHOL), high and low-density lipoprotein (HDL, LDL), and HOMA-IR were checked at baseline and after that, at intervals of eight weeks and twenty four weeks. RESULTS One hundred (49 males) patients with the mean age of 43.46 (± 11.52) were studied. Repeated measure ANOVA showed a significant reduction in LFC, anthropometric measurements, and laboratory parameters (except for HDL) in the both groups during the study; however, no significant difference was observed between the groups. CONCLUSIONS It seems that HP eradication per se might not affect LFC, LFT, lipid profile, and insulin resistance in dyspeptic NAFLD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raika Jamali
- Student Scientific Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Alireza Mofid
- Internal Medicine Ward, Sina Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Homayoon Vahedi
- Digestive Disease Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Rojin Farzaneh
- Internal Medicine Ward, Sina Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Shahab Dowlatshahi
- Internal Medicine Ward, Sina Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
- Corresponding Author: Shahab Dowlatshahi, Corresponding Author: Shahab Dowlatshahi, Internal Medicine Ward, Sina Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran. Tel: +98-2163120000, Fax: +98-2166348553, E-mail:
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Uto H, Mawatari S, Kumagai K, Ido A, Tsubouchi H. Clinical features of hepatitis C virus carriers with persistently normal alanine aminotransferase levels. Hepat Mon 2012; 12:77-84. [PMID: 22509183 PMCID: PMC3321325 DOI: 10.5812/hepatmon.829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2011] [Revised: 01/19/2012] [Accepted: 02/05/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection causes chronic hepatitis, which frequently leads to hepatic fibrosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) is a biomarker of hepatocyte injury and is associated with the progression of hepatic fibrosis. Advanced hepatic fibrosis also predisposes HCV carriers to a risk of HCC. In contrast, some cases with persistent HCV infection have normal ALT levels that persist for a long time, and these HCV carriers have no or mild hepatitis and hepatic fibrosis. These HCV carriers are defined as persistent normal ALT (PNALT) cases and their risk of HCC is low compared to HCV carriers with abnormal ALT. However, there are various definitions of normal ALT and PNALT, and advanced hepatic fibrosis may be missed without a liver biopsy. In addition, there is also a risk of ALT elevation in HCV carriers with PNALT, which increases the risk of progression to hepatic fibrosis and HCC. Most HCV carriers with PNALT have asymptomatic or nonspecific symptoms. HCV carriers with PNALT are also considered to be responsive to interferon-based treatment. Thus, assessment of hepatic fibrosis is important in HCV carriers, and the eradication of HCV infection is more likely in HCV carriers with evidence of hepatic fibrosis, regardless of their ALT levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirofumi Uto
- Department of Human and Environmental Sciences, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan.
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Darpolor MM, Kaplan DE, Pedersen PL, Glickson JD. Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma Metabolism: Imaging by Hyperpolarized 13C Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 1. [PMID: 24224182 DOI: 10.4172/2325-9612.1000101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Most cancers exhibit high levels of aerobic glycolytic metabolism with diminished levels of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation even in the presence of normal or near-normal levels of oxygen ("Warburg effect"). However, technical challenges have limited the development of non-invasive in vivo imaging techniques for monitoring glycolytic metabolism of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and quantitatively evaluating the impact of this effect on the growth and therapy of this disease. Thus, there is a critical need to develop non-invasive techniques for longitudinal assessment of the metabolism and treatment response of patients with unresectable HCCs. PROCEDURES This article discusses a novel method, "Hyperpolarized 13C MRS imaging", for achieving this objective and thus improving the prognosis of HCC patients. The primary objective has been to characterize in vivo metabolic biomarkers as determinants of HCC metabolism and treatment response of unresectable HCC tumors or viable HCC cells. RESULTS This innovative technique capitalizes on a new technology that increases the sensitivity of MRS detection of crucial metabolites in cancer cells. CONCLUSION It is anticipated that this innovative approach will lead to improved methods, both for the diagnosis and staging of HCCs and for the facilitation of the development of enzyme targeted therapies and other therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moses M Darpolor
- Departments of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Zhu XF, Lu LX, Wang Y, Xu KW, Li DJ, Zhu X, Liu L, Liu C, Wang JR, Tang H, Wang LC. Effect and Predictive Elements for 52 Weeks' Telbivudine Treatment on Naïve HBeAg positive Chronic Hepatitis B. Hepat Mon 2011; 11:980-5. [PMID: 22368682 PMCID: PMC3282031 DOI: 10.5812/kowsar.1735143x.4203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2011] [Revised: 09/03/2011] [Accepted: 12/07/2011] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antiviral treatment with nucleoside analogs has been used for chronic hepatitis B (CHB). Each kind of nucleoside analog has its own characteristics and suitability for patients. Telbivudine (LdT, brand name: Sebivo, Beijing Novartis Pharma Ltd) is the newest nucleoside analog, with strong and rapid viral suppression. However, its resistance rate is relatively high during long-term application, due to low genetic barriers to resistance. So, it is necessary to increase the effect and reduce resistance with effective management, according to baseline factors and early on-treatment responses. OBJECTIVES To reveal possible predictive factors of the effect of telbivudine (LdT) treatment on naïve HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients to optimize treatment. PATIENTS AND METHODS A total 71 naïve chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients who met the inclusion criteria were enrolled. All patients were treated with LdT 600 mg Qd for at least 52 weeks. Multiple logistic regression analyses were done to investigate the predictive values of baseline factors and responses at Week 24. RESULTS The reduction in hepatitis virus B (HBV) DNA level was 6.44 ± 2.38 lg copies/mL at Week 52 compared with baseline. The complete virus response (CVR), biochemical response (BR), serological response (SR), and drug resistance (DR) were 61.99%, 77.46%, 35.21%, and 8.45% respectively. By multiple regression analysis, baseline alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels significantly affected CVR (P = 0.024, OR = 1.008), and baseline ALT and baseline HBV DNA levels were independent compact factors of SR (P = 0.012, OR = 1.007; P = 0.001, OR = 0.423). The differences in CVR, SR, and DR in patients with ALT > 120 Iu/mL compared with patients with ALT ≤ 120 Iu/mL were statistically significant. The differences in SR in patients with HBV DNA > 107 copies/mL compared with patients with HBV DNA ≤ 107 copies/mL were statistically significant. Additionally, CVR, BR, and SR were differed significantly between patients with HBV DNA lower than 300 copies/mL at Week 24 and patients with HBV DNA higher than 300 copies/mL (P = 0.000, P = 0.0016, and P = 0.000, respectively). CONCLUSIONS There were more responders among naïve HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B patients with lower HBV DNA levels (especially lower than 107 copies/mL) and higher ALT values (especially higher than 120 Iu/mL at baseline) to LdT treatment. Adjustments for treatment strategy should be considered if HBV DNA > 300 copies/mL at Week 24 is observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Feng Zhu
- Epidemiology Department,West China School of public Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Li-Xia Lu
- Center of Infectious Diseases,West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Division of Infectious Diseases,State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Center of Infectious Diseases,West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Division of Infectious Diseases,State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Kong-wen Xu
- Center of Infectious Diseases,West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Division of Infectious Diseases,State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Da-jiang Li
- Center of Infectious Diseases,West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xia Zhu
- Center of Infectious Diseases,West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Division of Infectious Diseases,State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Li Liu
- Center of Infectious Diseases,West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Division of Infectious Diseases,State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Cong Liu
- Center of Infectious Diseases,West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Division of Infectious Diseases,State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jin-Rong Wang
- Center of Infectious Diseases,West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Division of Infectious Diseases,State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hong Tang
- Center of Infectious Diseases,West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Division of Infectious Diseases,State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Li-Chun Wang
- Center of Infectious Diseases,West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Division of Infectious Diseases,State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Corresponding author: Li-Chun Wang, Center of Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan province, people’s Republic of China. Tel.: +86-2885422650, Fax: +86-2885423052, E-mail:
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