1
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Manka P, Coombes JD, Sydor S, Swiderska-Syn MK, Best J, Gauthier K, van Grunsven LA, Oo YH, Wang C, Diehl AM, Hönes GS, Moeller LC, Figge A, Boosman RJ, Faber KN, Tannapfel A, Goetze O, Aspichueta P, Lange CM, Canbay A, Syn WK. Thyroid hormone receptor alpha modulates fibrogenesis in hepatic stellate cells. Liver Int 2024; 44:125-138. [PMID: 37872645 DOI: 10.1111/liv.15759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Progressive hepatic fibrosis can be considered the final stage of chronic liver disease. Hepatic stellate cells (HSC) play a central role in liver fibrogenesis. Thyroid hormones (TH, e.g. thyroxine; T4 and triiodothyronine; T3) significantly affect development, growth, cell differentiation and metabolism through activation of TH receptor α and/or β (TRα/β). Here, we evaluated the influence of TH in hepatic fibrogenesis. DESIGN Human liver tissue was obtained from explanted livers following transplantation. TRα-deficient (TRα-KO) and wild-type (WT) mice were fed a control or a profibrogenic methionine-choline deficient (MCD) diet. Liver tissue was assessed by qRT-PCR for fibrogenic gene expression. In vitro, HSC were treated with TGFβ in the presence or absence of T3. HSC with stable TRα knockdown and TRα deficient mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEF) were used to determine receptor-specific function. Activation of HSC and MEF was assessed using the wound healing assay, Western blotting, and qRT-PCR. RESULTS TRα and TRβ expression is downregulated in the liver during hepatic fibrogenesis in humans and mice. TRα represents the dominant isoform in HSC. In vitro, T3 blunted TGFβ-induced expression of fibrogenic genes in HSC and abrogated wound healing by modulating TGFβ signalling, which depended on TRα presence. In vivo, TRα-KO enhanced MCD diet-induced liver fibrogenesis. CONCLUSION These observations indicate that TH action in non-parenchymal cells is highly relevant. The interaction of TRα with TH regulates the phenotype of HSC via the TGFβ signalling pathway. Thus, the TH-TR axis may be a valuable target for future therapy of liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Manka
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Knappschaftskrankenhaus, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Jason D Coombes
- Inflammation Biology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Svenja Sydor
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Knappschaftskrankenhaus, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Marzena K Swiderska-Syn
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Jan Best
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Knappschaftskrankenhaus, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Karine Gauthier
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon, Univ Lyon, CNRS UMR 5242, INRAE USC 1370 École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université Claude Barnard Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Leo A van Grunsven
- Department of Basic (Bio-)medical Sciences, Liver Cell Biology Research Group, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Ye H Oo
- Centre for Liver Research and NIHR BRC, Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Birmingham Advanced Cell Therapy Facility, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Cindy Wang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Anna M Diehl
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Georg S Hönes
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism and Division of Laboratory Research, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Lars C Moeller
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism and Division of Laboratory Research, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Anja Figge
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Knappschaftskrankenhaus, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - René J Boosman
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Klaas N Faber
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Oliver Goetze
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Knappschaftskrankenhaus, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Patricia Aspichueta
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of Basque Country UPV/EHU, Vizcaya, Spain
- National Institute for the Study of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases (CIBERehd, Instituto de Salud Carlos III), Madrid, Spain
| | - Christian M Lange
- Department of Medicine II, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Ali Canbay
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Knappschaftskrankenhaus, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Wing-Kin Syn
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of Basque Country UPV/EHU, Vizcaya, Spain
- Section of Gastroenterology, Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
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2
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Kreimeyer H, Vogt K, Götze T, Best J, Götze O, Weigt J, Kahraman A, Özçürümez M, Kälsch J, Syn WK, Sydor S, Canbay A, Manka P. Influence of the Bile Acid Transporter Genes ABCB4, ABCB8, and ABCB11 and the Farnesoid X Receptor on the Response to Ursodeoxycholic Acid in Patients with Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis. J Pers Med 2023; 13:1180. [PMID: 37511794 PMCID: PMC10381823 DOI: 10.3390/jpm13071180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of NAFLD and NASH is increasing worldwide, and there is no approved medical treatment until now. Evidence has emerged that interfering with bile acid metabolism may lead to improvement in NASH. In this study, 28 patients with elevated cholestatic liver function tests (especially GGT) were screened for bile acid gene polymorphisms and treated with UDCA. All patients had a bile acid gene polymorphism in ABCB4 or ABCB11. Treatment with UDCA for 12 months significantly reduced GGT in all patients and ALT in homozygous patients. No difference in fibrosis was observed using FIb-4, NFS, and transient elastography (TE). PNPLA3 and TM6SF2 were the most common NASH-associated polymorphisms, and patients with TM6SF2 showed a significant reduction in GGT and ALT with the administration of UDCA. In conclusion, NASH patients with elevated GGT should be screened for bile acid gene polymorphisms, as UDCA therapy may improve liver function tests. However, no difference in clinical outcomes, such as progression to cirrhosis, has been observed using non-invasive tests (NITs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Henriette Kreimeyer
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Knappschaftskrankenhaus, Ruhr-University Bochum, In der Schornau 23-25, 44892 Bochum, Germany
| | - Katharina Vogt
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstraße 55, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Tobias Götze
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Infectious Diseases, Otto-von-Guericke-University Hospital Magdeburg, Leipziger Strasse 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Jan Best
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Knappschaftskrankenhaus, Ruhr-University Bochum, In der Schornau 23-25, 44892 Bochum, Germany
| | - Oliver Götze
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Knappschaftskrankenhaus, Ruhr-University Bochum, In der Schornau 23-25, 44892 Bochum, Germany
| | - Jochen Weigt
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstraße 55, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Alisan Kahraman
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstraße 55, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Mustafa Özçürümez
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Knappschaftskrankenhaus, Ruhr-University Bochum, In der Schornau 23-25, 44892 Bochum, Germany
| | - Julia Kälsch
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstraße 55, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Wing-Kin Syn
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63104, USA
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of Basque Country UPV/EHU, 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - Svenja Sydor
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Knappschaftskrankenhaus, Ruhr-University Bochum, In der Schornau 23-25, 44892 Bochum, Germany
| | - Ali Canbay
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Knappschaftskrankenhaus, Ruhr-University Bochum, In der Schornau 23-25, 44892 Bochum, Germany
| | - Paul Manka
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Knappschaftskrankenhaus, Ruhr-University Bochum, In der Schornau 23-25, 44892 Bochum, Germany
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3
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Nysather J, Kaya E, Manka P, Gudsoorkar P, Syn WK. Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Chronic Kidney Disease Cross Talk. Adv Kidney Dis Health 2023; 30:315-335. [PMID: 37657879 DOI: 10.1053/j.akdh.2023.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is a multisystem condition with effects beyond the liver. The identification of chronic kidney disease as an independent mediator of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease or associated entity with shared cardiometabolic risk factors remains controversial and continues to draw scientific interest. With increasing prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and lack of Food and Drug Administration approved therapies, these shared cardiometabolic risk factors have drawn significant attention. In this article, we review shared pathophysiological mechanisms between nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and chronic kidney disease along with current treatment strategies that might be useful for both disease processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Nysather
- Division of Nephrology and Kidney C.A.R.E. Program, University of Cincinnati, OH
| | - Eda Kaya
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Knappschaftskrankenhaus Bochum, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Paul Manka
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Knappschaftskrankenhaus Bochum, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Prakash Gudsoorkar
- Division of Nephrology and Kidney C.A.R.E. Program, University of Cincinnati, OH
| | - Wing-Kin Syn
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO; Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country, Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea/Universidad del País Vasco, Leioa, Spain.
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4
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Lu Z, Li Y, Chowdhury N, Yu H, Syn WK, Lopes-Virella M, Yilmaz Ö, Huang Y. The Presence of Periodontitis Exacerbates Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease via Sphingolipid Metabolism-Associated Insulin Resistance and Hepatic Inflammation in Mice with Metabolic Syndrome. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:8322. [PMID: 37176029 PMCID: PMC10179436 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24098322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Clinical studies have shown that periodontitis is associated with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). However, it remains unclear if periodontitis contributes to the progression of NAFLD. In this study, we generated a mouse model with high-fat diet (HFD)-induced metabolic syndrome (MetS) and NAFLD and oral P. gingivalis inoculation-induced periodontitis. Results showed that the presence of periodontitis increased insulin resistance and hepatic inflammation and exacerbated the progression of NAFLD. To determine the role of sphingolipid metabolism in the association between NAFLD and periodontitis, we also treated mice with imipramine, an inhibitor of acid sphingomyelinase (ASMase), and demonstrated that imipramine treatment significantly alleviated insulin resistance and hepatic inflammation, and improved NAFLD. Studies performed in vitro showed that lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and palmitic acid (PA), a major saturated fatty acid associated with MetS and NAFLD, synergistically increased the production of ceramide, a bioactive sphingolipid involved in NAFLD progression in macrophages but imipramine effectively reversed the ceramide production stimulated by LPS and PA. Taken together, this study showed for the first time that the presence of periodontitis contributed to the progression of NAFLD, likely due to alterations in sphingolipid metabolism that led to exacerbated insulin resistance and hepatic inflammation. This study also showed that targeting ASMase with imipramine improves NAFLD by reducing insulin resistance and hepatic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongyang Lu
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Yanchun Li
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Nityananda Chowdhury
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, The James B. Edwards College of Dental Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Hong Yu
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, The James B. Edwards College of Dental Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Wing-Kin Syn
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MI 63110, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country, Universidad del Pa S Vasco/Euskal Herriko Univertsitatea (UPV/EHU), 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - Maria Lopes-Virella
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
- Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, SC 29401, USA
| | - Özlem Yilmaz
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, The James B. Edwards College of Dental Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Yan Huang
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
- Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, SC 29401, USA
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5
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Bou Daher H, Manka P, Syn WK. Settling the Score: Which Fibrosis Screening Tool Is the Most Reliable for Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease? Dig Dis Sci 2023; 68:2217-2220. [PMID: 36947290 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-023-07899-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Halim Bou Daher
- Department of Internal Medicine, Saint Louis University, St Louis, MO, USA.
| | - Paul Manka
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Knappschaftskrankenhaus Bochum, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Wing-Kin Syn
- Department of Internal Medicine, Saint Louis University, St Louis, MO, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Saint Louis University, St Louis, MO, USA
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6
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Waller KJ, Saihi H, Li W, Brindley JH, De Jong A, Syn WK, Bessant C, Alazawi W. Single-cell phenotypes of peripheral blood immune cells in early and late stages of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Clin Mol Hepatol 2022; 29:417-432. [PMID: 36727210 PMCID: PMC10121278 DOI: 10.3350/cmh.2022.0205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Immune and inflammatory cells respond to multiple pathological hits in the development of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and fibrosis. Relatively little is known about how their type and function change through the non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) spectrum. We used multi-dimensional mass cytometry and a tailored bioinformatic approach to study circulating immune cells sampled from healthy individuals and people with NAFLD. Methods Cytometry by time of flight (CyTOF) using 36 metal-conjugated antibodies was applied to peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from biopsy-proven NASH fibrosis (late disease), steatosis (early disease) and healthy patients. Supervised and unsupervised analyses were used, findings confirmed and mechanisms assessed using independent healthy and disease PBMC samples. Results Of 36 PBMC clusters, 21 changed between controls and disease samples. Significant differences between diseases stages with changes in T cells and myeloid cells throughout disease and B cell changes in late stages. Semi-supervised gating and re-clustering showed that disease stages were associated with fewer monocytes with active signalling and more inactive NK cells, while B and T cells bearing activation markers reduced in late stages, B cells bearing co-stimulatory molecules increased. Functionally, disease states were associated with fewer activated MAIT cells and reduced TLR-mediated cytokine production in late disease. Conclusions A range of innate and adaptive immune changes begin early in NAFLD and disease stages are associated with a functionally less active phenotype compared to controls. Further study of the immune response in NAFLD spectrum may give insight into mechanisms of disease with potential clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn Jane Waller
- Barts Liver Centre, Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Hajar Saihi
- Barts Liver Centre, Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Wenhao Li
- Barts Liver Centre, Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | | | - Anja De Jong
- Barts Liver Centre, Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Wing-Kin Syn
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA.,Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country, Universidad del Pa S Vasco/Euskal Herriko Univertsitatea (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain.,Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Missouri, USA
| | - Conrad Bessant
- Centre for Computational Biology, Life Sciences Initiative, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.,School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - William Alazawi
- Barts Liver Centre, Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
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7
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Lu Z, Li Y, Li AJ, Syn WK, Wank SA, Lopes-Virella MF, Huang Y. Loss of GPR40 in LDL receptor-deficient mice exacerbates high-fat diet-induced hyperlipidemia and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0277251. [PMID: 36331958 PMCID: PMC9635748 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0277251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
GPR40, a G protein-coupled receptor for free fatty acids (FFAs), is considered as a therapeutic target for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) since GPR40 activation in pancreatic beta cells enhances glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a common complication of T2DM or metabolic syndrome (MetS). However, the role of GPR40 in NAFLD associated with T2DM or MetS has not been well established. Given that it is known that cholesterol and FFAs are critically involved in the pathogenesis of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and LDL receptor (LDLR)-deficient mice are a good animal model for human hyperlipidemia including high cholesterol and FFAs, we generated GPR40 and LDLR double knockout (KO) mice in this study to determine the effect of GPR40 KO on hyperlipidemia-promoted NASH. We showed that GPR40 KO increased plasma levels of cholesterol and FFAs in high-fat diet (HFD)-fed LDLR-deficient mice. We also showed that GPR40 KO exacerbated HFD-induced hepatic steatosis, inflammation and fibrosis. Further study demonstrated that GPR40 KO led to upregulation of hepatic CD36 and genes involved in lipogenesis, fatty acid oxidation, fibrosis and inflammation. Finally, our in vitro mechanistic studies showed that while CD36 was involved in upregulation of proinflammatory molecules in macrophages by palmitic acid (PA) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS), GPR40 activation in macrophages exerts anti-inflammatory effects. Taken together, this study demonstrated for the first time that loss of GPR40 in LDLR-deficient mice exacerbated HFD-induced hyperlipidemia, hepatic steatosis, inflammation and fibrosis potentially through a CD36-dependent mechanism, suggesting that GPR40 may play a beneficial role in hyperlipidemia-associated NASH in LDLR-deficient mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongyang Lu
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Yanchun Li
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Ai-Jun Li
- Programs in Neuroscience, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, United States of America
| | - Wing-Kin Syn
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States of America
- Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, South Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country, Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea/Universidad del País Vasco, Leioa, Spain
| | - Stephen A. Wank
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Maria F. Lopes-Virella
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States of America
- Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Yan Huang
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States of America
- Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, South Carolina, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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8
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Li W, Kadler BK, Brindley JH, Hood G, Devalia K, Loy J, Syn WK, Alazawi W. The contribution of daytime sleepiness to impaired quality of life in NAFLD in an ethnically diverse population. Sci Rep 2022; 12:5123. [PMID: 35332193 PMCID: PMC8948283 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-08358-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) is lower in people with NAFLD compared to the general population. Sleep disturbance resulting in daytime sleepiness is common in patients with NAFLD, but the effect of daytime sleepiness on HRQoL in NAFLD is unclear. The prevalence and natural history of NAFLD vary in different ethnic groups, but there has been limited ethnic diversity in HrQoL studies to date. We aimed to assess whether daytime sleepiness is independently associated with reduced HRQoL in an ethnically diverse UK population. We conducted HRQoL assessments using SF-36 version 2 and Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) questionnaires in 192 people with NAFLD. Multivariate linear regression was used to identify factors independently affecting HRQoL scales. People with NAFLD reported significantly reduced physical health-related SF-36 scores compared to the general UK population. South Asian NAFLD patients reported impairment in physical health, but not mental health, approximately a decade before White NAFLD patients. In multivariate linear regression, daytime sleepiness (ESS score > 10), was the most significant independent predictor of reduced physical health. Age, BMI and liver stiffness score were also significantly associated. HRQoL is impaired earlier in patients of South Asian ethnicity. ESS score > 10, indicative of excessive daytime sleepiness, is an independent predictor of reduced HRQoL in people with NAFLD regardless of ethnicity. Daytime sleepiness should be considered as a contributing factor to reduced HRQoL in clinical practice and when evaluating patient-related outcomes in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhao Li
- Barts Liver Centre, Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.,Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Missouri, USA
| | - Benjamin Karl Kadler
- Barts Liver Centre, Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.,Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Missouri, USA
| | - James Hallimond Brindley
- Barts Liver Centre, Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.,Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Missouri, USA
| | - Gillian Hood
- Barts Liver Centre, Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.,Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Missouri, USA
| | - Kalpana Devalia
- Bariatric Surgery Department, Homerton University Hospital, London, UK.,Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Missouri, USA
| | - John Loy
- Bariatric Surgery Department, Homerton University Hospital, London, UK.,Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Missouri, USA
| | - Wing-Kin Syn
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA.,Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country, Universidad del Pa S Vasco/Euskal Herriko Univertsitatea (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain.,Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Missouri, USA
| | - William Alazawi
- Barts Liver Centre, Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK. .,Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Missouri, USA.
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9
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Romano J, Abdelfattah T, Manka PP, Fuchs M, Syn WK. Non-Invasive Risk Stratification in NAFLD/NASH Patients for Screening EGD. Clin Exp Gastroenterol 2022; 15:1-3. [PMID: 35046690 PMCID: PMC8759994 DOI: 10.2147/ceg.s339850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- John Romano
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Thaer Abdelfattah
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Central Virginia VA Health Care System, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Paul P Manka
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital, Knappschaftskrankenhaus, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Michael Fuchs
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Central Virginia VA Health Care System, Richmond, VA, USA.,Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Wing-Kin Syn
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA.,Section of Gastroenterology, Ralph H Johnson VAMC, Charleston, SC, USA.,Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country, Universidad del Pa S Vasco/Euskal Herriko Univertsitatea (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain
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10
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Papa S, Bubici C, Syn WK. STARD1: a new rising StAR in cholesterol-mediated hepatocarcinogenesis. Hepatobiliary Surg Nutr 2021; 10:910-912. [DOI: 10.21037/hbsn-21-374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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11
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Lepore A, Choy PM, Lee NCW, Carella MA, Favicchio R, Briones-Orta MA, Glaser SS, Alpini G, D'Santos C, Tooze RM, Lorger M, Syn WK, Papakyriakou A, Giamas G, Bubici C, Papa S. Phosphorylation and Stabilization of PIN1 by JNK Promote Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma Growth. Hepatology 2021; 74:2561-2579. [PMID: 34048060 DOI: 10.1002/hep.31983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) is a highly aggressive type of liver cancer in urgent need of treatment options. Aberrant activation of the c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) pathway is a key feature in ICC and an attractive candidate target for its treatment. However, the mechanisms by which constitutive JNK activation promotes ICC growth, and therefore the key downstream effectors of this pathway, remain unknown for their applicability as therapeutic targets. Our aim was to obtain a better mechanistic understanding of the role of JNK signaling in ICC that could open up therapeutic opportunities. APPROACH AND RESULTS Using loss-of-function and gain-of-function studies in vitro and in vivo, we show that activation of the JNK pathway promotes ICC cell proliferation by affecting the protein stability of peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase NIMA-interacting 1 (PIN1), a key driver of tumorigenesis. PIN1 is highly expressed in ICC primary tumors, and its expression positively correlates with active JNK. Mechanistically, the JNK kinases directly bind to and phosphorylate PIN1 at Ser115, and this phosphorylation prevents PIN1 mono-ubiquitination at Lys117 and its proteasomal degradation. Moreover, pharmacological inhibition of PIN1 through all-trans retinoic acid, a Food and Drug Administration-approved drug, impairs the growth of both cultured and xenografted ICC cells. CONCLUSIONS Our findings implicate the JNK-PIN1 regulatory axis as a functionally important determinant for ICC growth, and provide a rationale for therapeutic targeting of JNK activation through PIN1 inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Lepore
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research at St. James', Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Leeds, St. James' University Hospital, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Pui Man Choy
- Institute of Hepatology, Foundation for Liver Research and Birkbeck University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nathan C W Lee
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research at St. James', Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Leeds, St. James' University Hospital, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Maria Annunziata Carella
- Center for Genome Engineering and Maintenance, Department of Life Sciences, College of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, United Kingdom
| | - Rosy Favicchio
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Marco A Briones-Orta
- Institute of Hepatology, Foundation for Liver Research and Birkbeck University of London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Shannon S Glaser
- Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M University, Bryan, TX
| | - Gianfranco Alpini
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Clive D'Santos
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Reuben M Tooze
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research at St. James', Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Leeds, St. James' University Hospital, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Mihaela Lorger
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research at St. James', Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Leeds, St. James' University Hospital, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Wing-Kin Syn
- Institute of Hepatology, Foundation for Liver Research and Birkbeck University of London, London, United Kingdom
- Section of Gastroenterology, Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, SC
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of Basque Country UPV/EHU, Leioa, Spain
| | - Athanasios Papakyriakou
- Institute of Biosciences and Applications, National Center for Scientific Research, Athens, Greece
| | - Georgios Giamas
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedicine, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton, United Kingdom
| | - Concetta Bubici
- Center for Genome Engineering and Maintenance, Department of Life Sciences, College of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, United Kingdom
| | - Salvatore Papa
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research at St. James', Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Leeds, St. James' University Hospital, Leeds, United Kingdom
- Institute of Hepatology, Foundation for Liver Research and Birkbeck University of London, London, United Kingdom
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12
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Manka P, Sydor S, Wase N, Best J, Brandenburg M, Hellbeck A, Schänzer J, Vilchez-Vargas R, Link A, Figge A, Jähnert A, von Arnim U, Coombes JD, Cubero FJ, Kahraman A, Kim MS, Kälsch J, Kinner S, Faber KN, Moshage H, Gerken G, Syn WK, Friedman SL, Canbay A, Bechmann LP. Anti-TNFα treatment in Crohn's disease: Impact on hepatic steatosis, gut-derived hormones and metabolic status. Liver Int 2021; 41:2646-2658. [PMID: 34219348 DOI: 10.1111/liv.15003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS An association between Crohn's disease (CD) and hepatic steatosis has been reported. However, the underlying mechanisms of steatosis progression in CD are not clear. Among the most effective CD treatments are agents that inhibit Tumor-Necrosis-Factor (TNF) activity, yet it is unclear why anti-TNFα agents would affect steatosis in CD. Recent studies suggest that microbiome can affect both, CD and steatosis pathogenesis. Therefore, we here analysed a potential relationship between anti-TNF treatment and hepatic steatosis in CD, focusing on the gut-liver axis. METHODS This cross-sectional study evaluated patients with established CD, with and without anti-TNFα treatment, analysing serum markers of liver injury, measurement of transient elastography, controlled attenuation parameter (CAP) and MRI for fat detection. Changes in lipid and metabolic profiles were assessed by serum and stool lipidomics and metabolimics. Additionally, we analysed gut microbiota composition and mediators of bile acid (BA) signalling via stool and serum analysis. RESULTS Patients on anti-TNFα treatment had less hepatic steatosis as assessed by CAP and MRI. Serum FGF19 levels were significantly higher in patients on anti-TNFα therapy and associate with reduced steatosis and increased bowel motility. Neutral lipids including triglycerides were reduced in the serum of patients on anti-TNF treatment. Bacteria involved in BA metabolism and FGF19 regulation, including Firmicutes, showed group-specific alterations with low levels in patients without anti-TNFα treatment. Low abundance of Firmicutes was associated with higher triglyceride levels. CONCLUSIONS Anti-TNFα treatment is associated with reduced steatosis, lower triglyceride levels, alterations in FXR-signalling (eg FGF19) and microbiota composition in CD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Manka
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Knappschaftskrankenhaus, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany.,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Svenja Sydor
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Knappschaftskrankenhaus, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Nishikant Wase
- Biomolecular Analysis Facility, University of Virginia, School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Jan Best
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Knappschaftskrankenhaus, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Malte Brandenburg
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Annika Hellbeck
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Julia Schänzer
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Ramiro Vilchez-Vargas
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Infectious Diseases, Otto-von-Guericke-University Hospital Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Alexander Link
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Infectious Diseases, Otto-von-Guericke-University Hospital Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Anja Figge
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Knappschaftskrankenhaus, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Andreas Jähnert
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Knappschaftskrankenhaus, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Ulrike von Arnim
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Infectious Diseases, Otto-von-Guericke-University Hospital Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Jason D Coombes
- Inflammation Biology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Francisco-Javier Cubero
- Department of Immunology, Ophthalmology and ORL, Complutense University School of Medicine, Madrid, Spain.,12 de Octubre Health Research Institute (imas 12), Madrid, Spain
| | - Alisan Kahraman
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Moon-Sung Kim
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Julia Kälsch
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Sonja Kinner
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Klaas-Nico Faber
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Han Moshage
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Guido Gerken
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Wing-Kin Syn
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA.,Section of Gastroenterology, Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, SC, USA.,Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of Basque Country UPV/EHU, Vizcaya, Spain
| | - Scott L Friedman
- Division of Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ali Canbay
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Knappschaftskrankenhaus, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Lars P Bechmann
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Knappschaftskrankenhaus, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
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13
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Arif E, Wang C, Swiderska-Syn MK, Solanki AK, Rahman B, Manka PP, Coombes JD, Canbay A, Papa S, Nihalani D, Aspichueta P, Lipschutz JH, Syn WK. Targeting myosin 1c inhibits murine hepatic fibrogenesis. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2021; 320:G1044-G1053. [PMID: 33908271 PMCID: PMC8285590 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00105.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Myosin 1c (Myo1c) is an unconventional myosin that modulates signaling pathways involved in tissue injury and repair. In this study, we observed that Myo1c expression is significantly upregulated in human chronic liver disease such as nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and in animal models of liver fibrosis. High throughput data from the GEO-database identified similar Myo1c upregulation in mice and human liver fibrosis. Notably, transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) stimulation to hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), the liver pericyte and key cell type responsible for the deposition of extracellular matrix, upregulates Myo1c expression, whereas genetic depletion or pharmacological inhibition of Myo1c blunted TGF-β-induced fibrogenic responses, resulting in repression of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and collagen type I α 1 chain (Col1α1) mRNA. Myo1c deletion also decreased fibrogenic processes such as cell proliferation, wound healing response, and contractility when compared with vehicle-treated HSCs. Importantly, phosphorylation of mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 2 (SMAD2) and mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 3 (SMAD3) were significantly blunted upon Myo1c inhibition in GRX cells as well as Myo1c knockout (Myo1c-KO) mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) upon TGF-β stimulation. Using the genetic Myo1c-KO mice, we confirmed that Myo1c is critical for fibrogenesis, as Myo1c-KO mice were resistant to carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced liver fibrosis. Histological and immunostaining analysis of liver sections showed that deposition of collagen fibers and α-SMA expression were significantly reduced in Myo1c-KO mice upon liver injury. Collectively, these results demonstrate that Myo1c mediates hepatic fibrogenesis by modulating TGF-β signaling and suggest that inhibiting this process may have clinical application in treating liver fibrosis.NEW & NOTEWORTHY The incidences of liver fibrosis are growing at a rapid pace and have become one of the leading causes of end-stage liver disease. Although TGF-β1 is known to play a prominent role in transforming cells to produce excessive extracellular matrix that lead to hepatic fibrosis, the therapies targeting TGF-β1 have achieved very limited clinical impact. This study highlights motor protein myosin-1c-mediated mechanisms that serve as novel regulators of TGF-β1 signaling and fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehtesham Arif
- 1Department of Medicine, Nephrology Division, Medical University of South Carolinagrid.259828.c, Charleston, South Carolina,2Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Cindy Wang
- 2Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Marzena K. Swiderska-Syn
- 3Department of Pediatrics, Darby Children’s Research Institute,
Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Ashish K. Solanki
- 1Department of Medicine, Nephrology Division, Medical University of South Carolinagrid.259828.c, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Bushra Rahman
- 1Department of Medicine, Nephrology Division, Medical University of South Carolinagrid.259828.c, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Paul P. Manka
- 2Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina,4Department of Medicine, University Hospital Knappschaftskrankenhaus, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Jason D. Coombes
- 5Institute of Hepatology, Foundation for Liver Research, London, United Kingdom,6School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ali Canbay
- 4Department of Medicine, University Hospital Knappschaftskrankenhaus, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Salvatore Papa
- 7Leeds Institute of Medical Research at St. James’s, Faculty of
Medicine and Health, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Deepak Nihalani
- 1Department of Medicine, Nephrology Division, Medical University of South Carolinagrid.259828.c, Charleston, South Carolina,8Division of Kidney, Urologic and Hematologic Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Patricia Aspichueta
- 9Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country, Universidad del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain
| | - Joshua H. Lipschutz
- 1Department of Medicine, Nephrology Division, Medical University of South Carolinagrid.259828.c, Charleston, South Carolina,10Section of Nephrology, Ralph H Johnson Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Wing-Kin Syn
- 2Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina,9Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country, Universidad del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain,11Section of Gastroenterology, Ralph H Johnson Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, South Carolina
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14
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Kozłowska-Petriczko K, Wunsch E, Petriczko J, Syn WK, Milkiewicz P. Diagnostic Accuracy of Non-Imaging and Ultrasound-Based Assessment of Hepatic Steatosis Using Controlled Attenuation Parameter (CAP) as Reference. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10071507. [PMID: 33916626 PMCID: PMC8038574 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10071507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background & Aims: In view of the limited reliability of biopsies in the assessment of liver fat, a non-invasive, trustworthy, and more accessible method estimating a degree of steatosis is urgently needed. While the controlled attenuation parameter (CAP) is used to quantify hepatic fat, its availability in routine practice is limited. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare the diagnostic accuracy of biomarker- and ultrasound-based techniques for the diagnosis and grading of hepatic steatosis. Methods: This was a prospective study of 167 adults with and without non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. As measured against CAP, we assessed Hamaguchi’s score and the hepatorenal index (HRI), and the following biochemical measures: the fatty liver index, hepatic steatosis index, and lipid accumulation product scores during a single out-patient visit. Area under the receiver operating curve (AUROC) analyses were used to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of each test and to calculate optimal thresholds for the ultrasound techniques. Results: All non-invasive methods displayed high accuracy in detecting steatosis (mean AUC value ≥ 0.90), with Hamaguchi’s score and the HRI being the most precise. These two tests also had the highest sensitivity and specificity (82.2% and 100%; 86.9% and 94.8%, respectively). We propose new thresholds for Hamaguchi’s score and HRI for hepatic steatosis grading, indicated by optimal sensitivity and specificity. Conclusions: Ultrasound-based techniques are the most accurate for assessing liver steatosis compared to other non-invasive tests. Given the accessibility of ultrasonography, this finding is of practical importance for the assessment of liver steatosis in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Kozłowska-Petriczko
- Translational Medicine Group, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-204 Szczecin, Poland; (K.K.-P.); (P.M.)
- Department of Gastroenterology and Internal Medicine, SPWSZ Hospital, 71-455 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Ewa Wunsch
- Translational Medicine Group, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-204 Szczecin, Poland; (K.K.-P.); (P.M.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Jan Petriczko
- Department of Plastic, Endocrine and General Surgery, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-204 Szczecin, Poland;
| | - Wing-Kin Syn
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA;
| | - Piotr Milkiewicz
- Translational Medicine Group, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-204 Szczecin, Poland; (K.K.-P.); (P.M.)
- Liver and Internal Medicine Unit, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
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15
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Kucukoglu O, Sowa JP, Mazzolini GD, Syn WK, Canbay A. Hepatokines and adipokines in NASH-related hepatocellular carcinoma. J Hepatol 2021; 74:442-457. [PMID: 33161047 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2020.10.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is increasing in industrialised societies; this is likely secondary to the increasing burden of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), its progressive form non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), and the metabolic syndrome. Cumulative studies suggest that NAFLD-related HCC may also develop in non-cirrhotic livers. However, prognosis and survival do not differ between NAFLD- or virus-associated HCC. Thus, research has increasingly focused on NAFLD-related risk factors to better understand the biology of hepatocarcinogenesis and to develop new diagnostic, preventive, and therapeutic strategies. One important aspect thereof is the role of hepatokines and adipokines in NAFLD/NASH-related HCC. In this review, we compile current data supporting the use of hepatokines and adipokines as potential markers of disease progression in NAFLD or as early markers of NAFLD-related HCC. While much work must be done to elucidate the mechanisms and interactions underlying alterations to hepatokines and adipokines, current data support the possible utility of these factors - in particular, angiopoietin-like proteins, fibroblast growth factors, and apelin - for detection or even as therapeutic targets in NAFLD-related HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ozlem Kucukoglu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Infectious Diseases, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Jan-Peter Sowa
- Department of Medicine, Ruhr University Bochum, University Hospital Knappschaftskrankenhaus Bochum, 44892 Bochum, Germany
| | - Guillermo Daniel Mazzolini
- Laboratory of Gene Therapy, Instituto de Investigaciones en Medicina Traslacional, CONICET-Universidad Austral, Buenos Aires 999071, Argentina; Liver Unit, Hospital Universitario Austral, Universidad Austral, Argentina
| | - Wing-Kin Syn
- Section of Gastroenterology, Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, SC, USA; Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of Basque Country UPV/EHU, 48940 Leioa, Vizcaya, Spain
| | - Ali Canbay
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Infectious Diseases, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany; Department of Medicine, Ruhr University Bochum, University Hospital Knappschaftskrankenhaus Bochum, 44892 Bochum, Germany.
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16
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Lu Z, Li Y, Syn WK, Li AJ, Ritter WS, Wank SA, Lopes-Virella MF, Huang Y. GPR40 deficiency is associated with hepatic FAT/CD36 upregulation, steatosis, inflammation, and cell injury in C57BL/6 mice. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2021; 320:E30-E42. [PMID: 33103454 PMCID: PMC8436599 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00257.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
G-protein-coupled receptor 40 (GPR40) is highly expressed in pancreatic islets, and its activation increases glucose-stimulated insulin secretion from pancreas. Therefore, GPR40 is considered as a target for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Since nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is associated with T2DM and GPR40 is also expressed by hepatocytes and macrophages, it is important to understand the role of GPR40 in NAFLD. However, the role of GPR40 in NAFLD in animal models has not been well defined. In this study, we fed wild-type or GPR40 knockout C57BL/6 mice a high-fat diet (HFD) for 20 wk and then assessed the effect of GPR40 deficiency on HFD-induced NAFLD. Assays on metabolic parameters showed that an HFD increased body weight, glucose, insulin, insulin resistance, cholesterol, and alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and GPR40 deficiency did not mitigate the HFD-induced metabolic abnormalities. In contrast, we found that GPR40 deficiency was associated with increased body weight, insulin, insulin resistance, cholesterol, and ALT in control mice fed a low-fat diet (LFD). Surprisingly, histology and Oil Red O staining showed that GPR40 deficiency in LFD-fed mice was associated with steatosis. Immunohistochemical analysis showed that GPR40 deficiency also increased F4/80, a macrophage biomarker, in LFD-fed mice. Furthermore, results showed that GPR40 deficiency led to a robust upregulation of hepatic fatty acid translocase (FAT)/CD36 expression. Finally, our in vitro studies showed that GPR40 knockdown by siRNA or a GPR40 antagonist increased palmitic acid-induced FAT/CD36 mRNA in hepatocytes. Taken together, this study indicates that GPR40 plays an important role in homeostasis of hepatic metabolism and inflammation and inhibits nonalcoholic steatohepatitis by possible modulation of FAT/CD36 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongyang Lu
- Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Yanchun Li
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Medical Genetics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Wing-Kin Syn
- Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, South Carolina
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country, Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea/Universidad del País Vasco, Leioa, Spain
| | - Ai-Jun Li
- Integrative Physiology and Neuroscience, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington
| | - W Sue Ritter
- Integrative Physiology and Neuroscience, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington
| | - Stephen A Wank
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Maria F Lopes-Virella
- Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, South Carolina
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Medical Genetics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Yan Huang
- Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, South Carolina
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Medical Genetics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
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17
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Manka PP, Kaya E, Canbay A, Syn WK. A Review of the Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, and Efficacy of Anti-diabetic Drugs Used in the Treatment of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Dig Dis Sci 2021; 66:3676-3688. [PMID: 34410573 PMCID: PMC8510897 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-021-07206-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, epidemiological studies have consistently demonstrated that the coexistence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is strongly associated with increased mortality and morbidity related to hepatic- and extrahepatic causes. Indeed, compared with the general population, patients with T2DM are more likely to be diagnosed with more severe forms of NAFLD (i.e., nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) with liver fibrosis). There is an ongoing debate whether NALFD is a consequence of diabetes or whether NAFLD is simply a component and manifestation of the metabolic syndrome, since liver fat (steatosis) and even more advanced stages of liver fibrosis can occur in the absence of diabetes. Nevertheless, insulin resistance is a key component of the mechanism of NAFLD development; furthermore, therapies that lower blood glucose concentrations also appear to be effective in the treatment of NAFLD. Here, we will discuss the pathophysiological and epidemiological associations between NAFLD and T2DM. We will also review currently available anti-diabetic agents with their regard to their efficacy of NAFLD/NASH treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul P. Manka
- grid.5570.70000 0004 0490 981XDepartment of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Knappschaftskrankenhaus, Ruhr-University Bochum, In der Schornau 23-25, 44892 Bochum, Germany
| | - Eda Kaya
- grid.5570.70000 0004 0490 981XDepartment of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Knappschaftskrankenhaus, Ruhr-University Bochum, In der Schornau 23-25, 44892 Bochum, Germany
| | - Ali Canbay
- grid.5570.70000 0004 0490 981XDepartment of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Knappschaftskrankenhaus, Ruhr-University Bochum, In der Schornau 23-25, 44892 Bochum, Germany
| | - Wing-Kin Syn
- grid.259828.c0000 0001 2189 3475Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC USA ,grid.11480.3c0000000121671098Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country, Universidad del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain ,grid.280644.c0000 0000 8950 3536Section of Gastroenterology, Ralph H Johnson Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, SC USA
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Hou W, Huo Z, Du Y, Wang C, Syn WK. Characteristics of amino acid substitutions within the "a" determinant region of hepatitis B virus in chronically infected patients with coexisting HBsAg and anti-HBs. Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol 2020; 44:923-931. [PMID: 31624004 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinre.2019.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Revised: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Simultaneous positivity for both hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and antibodies to HBsAg (anti-HBs) is an atypical serological profile in chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients. The exact mechanisms underlying the uncommon profile remains unclear. The aim of this study was to analyze the characteristics of amino acid substitutions within the "a" determinant region in a large cohort of CHB patients with coexistence of HBsAg and anti-HBs. METHODS In total 8687 CHB patients, of which 505 had coexisting HBsAg and anti-HBs, were enrolled in this study. Mutations within the "a" determinant region in 131 HBsAg+/anti-HBs+ patients and 150 age and gender matched HBsAg+/anti-HBs- patients were determined by direct sequencing and the characteristics of amino acid substitutions were analyzed. RESULTS The prevalence of coexistence of HBsAg and anti-HBs in the CHB patients was 5.81%. Compared to the control subjects, there were more amino acid substitutions in HBsAg+/anti-HBs+ patients (30.5% vs. 12.7%, P<0.001), especially within the first loop of the "a" determinant region. The most frequent amino acid substitution was located at position s126 and the predominant substitution was sI126T in HBsAg+/anti-HBs+ patients with genotype C. The frequency of additional N-glycosylation sites in HBsAg+/anti-HBs+ patients and the control subjects was 3.8% and 0.6%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The accumulation and diversity of amino acid variations within "a" determinant region might contribute to the coexistence of HBsAg and anti-HBs. These findings extend understanding of the genetic mechanism of this atypical serological profile in CHB patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Hou
- Tianjin Second People's Hospital and Tianjin Institute of Hepatology, Tianjin, China; Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA.
| | - Zhixiao Huo
- Tianjin Second People's Hospital and Tianjin Institute of Hepatology, Tianjin, China
| | - Yanan Du
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Cindy Wang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Wing-Kin Syn
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA; Section of Gastroenterology, Ralph H Johnson Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, SC, USA; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain.
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Breitkopf-Heinlein K, Syn WK. Harnessing liver progenitors in the treatment of liver fibrosis: a step in the right direction? Gut 2020; 69:975-976. [PMID: 31959691 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2019-320203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Katja Breitkopf-Heinlein
- Division of Translational Hepatology, Department of Medicine II, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Wing-Kin Syn
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA .,Section of Gastroenterology, Ralph H Johnson Veteran Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, South Carolina, USA.,Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of Basque Country UPV/EHU, Leioa, Spain
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Lu Z, Li Y, Syn WK, Wang Z, Lopes-Virella MF, Lyons TJ, Huang Y. Amitriptyline inhibits nonalcoholic steatohepatitis and atherosclerosis induced by high-fat diet and LPS through modulation of sphingolipid metabolism. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2020; 318:E131-E144. [PMID: 31821039 PMCID: PMC7052581 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00181.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
We reported previously that increased acid sphingomyelinase (ASMase)-catalyzed hydrolysis of sphingomyelin, which leads to increases in ceramide and sphingosine 1 phosphate (S1P), played a key role in the synergistic upregulation of proinflammatory cytokines by palmitic acid (PA), a major saturated fatty acid, and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in macrophages. Since macrophages are vital players in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and atherosclerosis, we assessed the effect of ASMase inhibition on NASH and atherosclerosis cooperatively induced by high-PA-containing high-fat diet (HP-HFD) and LPS in LDL receptor-deficient (LDLR-/-) mice. LDLR-/- mice were fed HP-HFD, injected with low dose of LPS and treated with or without the ASMase inhibitor amitriptyline. The neutral sphingomyelinase inhibitor GW4869 was used as control. Metabolic study showed that both amitriptyline and GW4869 reduced glucose, lipids, and insulin resistance. Histological analysis and Oil Red O staining showed that amitriptyline robustly reduced hepatic steatosis while GW4869 had modest effects. Interestingly, immunohistochemical study showed that amitriptyline, but not GW4869, strongly reduced hepatic inflammation. Furthermore, results showed that both amitriptyline and GW4869 attenuated atherosclerosis. To elucidate the underlying mechanisms whereby amitriptyline inhibited both NASH and atherosclerosis, but GW4869 only inhibited atherosclerosis, we found that amitriptyline, but not GW4869, downregulated proinflammatory cytokines in macrophages. Finally, we found that inhibition of sphingosine 1 phosphate production is a potential mechanism whereby amitriptyline inhibited proinflammatory cytokines. Collectively, this study showed that amitriptyline inhibited NASH and atherosclerosis through modulation of sphingolipid metabolism in LDLR-/- mice, indicating that sphingolipid metabolism in macrophages plays a crucial role in the linkage of NASH and atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongyang Lu
- Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Yanchun Li
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Medical Genetics, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Wing-Kin Syn
- Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, South Carolina
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country, Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea/Universidad del País Vasco, Leioa, Spain
| | - Zhewu Wang
- Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, South Carolina
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Maria F Lopes-Virella
- Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, South Carolina
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Medical Genetics, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Timothy J Lyons
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Medical Genetics, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Yan Huang
- Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, South Carolina
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Medical Genetics, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
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Morrison M, Hughes HY, Naggie S, Syn WK. Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Among Individuals with HIV Mono-infection: A Growing Concern? Dig Dis Sci 2019; 64:3394-3401. [PMID: 31643035 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-019-05861-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Liver disease is a leading cause of non-AIDS-related death in the HIV population since the introduction of highly active antiretroviral treatment (HAART). Recent studies suggest that patients with HIV are at high risk for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and progressive liver fibrosis. Evidence for the prevalence, risk factors, and diagnostic methodologies of NAFLD in patients with HIV mono-infection is summarized here. RECENT FINDINGS Although limited, published studies suggest that the prevalence of NAFLD is higher (30-50%) and progresses at an increased rate in patients with HIV compared to the general population. Identifying those at risk for significant liver fibrosis is critical, preferably with non-invasive screening tests. While there is a paucity of evidence in this population, transient elastography (TE) appears to provide a sensitive, non-invasive screening modality. Identifying NAFLD early will allow for dietary and lifestyle interventions, as well as future drug therapies to decrease the risk of progressive liver fibrosis and cirrhosis in the high-risk HIV population. Clinicians should be aware of this risk and consider using TE for NAFLD diagnosis and surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret Morrison
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Heather Y Hughes
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Ralph H. Johnson VAMC, Charleston, SC, USA
- Divison of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Susanna Naggie
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Durham VAMC, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Wing-Kin Syn
- Section of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ralph H. Johnson VAMC, Charleston, SC, USA.
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA.
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of Basque Country UPV/EHU, Leioa, Spain.
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Hou W, Qiao K, Huo Z, Du Y, Wang C, Syn WK. Association of IFNL3 rs12979860 polymorphism with HCV-related hepatocellular carcinoma susceptibility in a Chinese population. Clin Exp Gastroenterol 2019; 12:433-439. [PMID: 31807049 PMCID: PMC6842746 DOI: 10.2147/ceg.s206194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The association between interferon lambda-3 (IFNL3,also known as interleukin 28B, IL28B) rs12979860 polymorphism and the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has been investigated in recent studies with inconclusive and inconsistent results. IFNL3 rs12979860 polymorphism has been shown a marked differential distribution with regional and ethnic variation. Whether this single nucleotide polymorphism influences susceptibility to hepatitis C virus (HCV)-related HCC remains elusive. Methods In this case–control study, a total of 157 Chinese Han patients with chronic HCV infection were enrolled, including 62 HCV-related HCC patients and 95 chronic hepatitis C (CHC) patients without HCC, and the genetic polymorphism of IFNL3 rs12979860 was genotyped via a DNA microarray-based assay. The logistic regression analysis was employed to determine the correlation between the genetic polymorphism and risk of HCV-related HCC. Results A higher proportion of CT/TT genotype and T allele was observed in HCC patients compared to the CHC group. Under the genetic model of allele frequency, the T allele was associated with elevated risk of HCV-related HCC in the Chinese population compared to C allele after an adjustment for age, gender, body mass index, HCV infection duration, and HCV genotypes (P=0.046). In the subgroup analysis stratified by HCV genotype, subjects with CHC genotype 1b infection carrying rs12979860 T allele and CT+TT genotype had higher susceptibility to HCC than those with C allele and CC genotype (P=0.020, P=0.037, respectively). Conclusion IFNL3 rs12979860 polymorphism with T allele could be a factor that increases the risk of HCV-related HCC in the Chinese population, especially those subjects with CHC genotype 1b infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Hou
- Tianjin Second People's Hospital and Tianjin Institute of Hepatology, Tianjin, People's Republic of China.,Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Kunyan Qiao
- Tianjin Second People's Hospital and Tianjin Institute of Hepatology, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhixiao Huo
- Tianjin Second People's Hospital and Tianjin Institute of Hepatology, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanan Du
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Tsinghua University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Cindy Wang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Wing-Kin Syn
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA.,Section of Gastroenterology, Ralph H Johnson Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, SC, USA
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Yadav Y, Syn WK, Basu R. Evolving Management Strategies for Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease-Targeting Primary Care Physicians. Diabetes Technol Ther 2019; 21:611-618. [PMID: 31335197 PMCID: PMC7360107 DOI: 10.1089/dia.2019.0158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yogesh Yadav
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Wing-Kin Syn
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
- Section of Gastroenterology, Ralph H Johnson VAMC, Charleston, South Carolina
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of Basque Country UPV/EHU, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Rita Basu
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
- Address correspondence to: Rita Basu, MD, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Center for Diabetes Technology, Vice Chair Institutional Review Board (HSR), University of Virginia School of Medicine, 560 Ray C Hunt Drive, Room 3108, Charlottesville, VA 22908
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Manka P, Bechmann L, Best J, Sydor S, Claridge LC, Coombes JD, Canbay A, Moeller L, Gerken G, Wedemeyer H, Syn WK. Low Free Triiodothyronine Is Associated with Advanced Fibrosis in Patients at High Risk for Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis. Dig Dis Sci 2019; 64:2351-2358. [PMID: 31155687 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-019-05687-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thyroid hormone is critical for tissue-organ development, growth, differentiation, and metabolism. In murine models of advanced nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), the administration of T3 reduced liver triglyceride, repressed liver inflammation, and attenuated injury. In recent studies of patients with NASH, hypothyroidism was noted to be associated with more advanced NASH. These findings suggest that thyroid hormone function might be a modulator of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) outcomes. AIMS Herein, we evaluated the correlation between plasma TSH/free T3 (fT3)/free T4 (fT4) levels and (non-invasive) surrogate markers of NAFLD fibrosis. METHODS We performed a retrospective analysis of 144 patients who were seen in our NASH outpatient clinic between 2015 and 2017. Each patient underwent a standard anthropometric assessment, laboratory and clinical evaluations, and liver stiffness measurements by transient elastography (Fibroscan). Univariate analysis and multivariate linear and logistic regression analysis were used to identify factors independently associated with NASH and advanced fibrosis. RESULTS Low fT3 values but not TSH and fT4 were associated with higher liver stiffness and higher NAFLD fibrosis score, respectively. fT3 and TSH values correlated significantly with indices of liver disease including INR, albumin, ALT, AST, bilirubin, and platelets. In multivariate analyses, a low fT3 was independently associated with high NFS scores (OR 0.169, CI 0.05-0.54, p = 0.003) and was also associated with high liver stiffness readings (OR 0.326, CI 0.135-0.785, p = 0.001). CONCLUSION A low-normal thyroid hormone function is predictive of NASH and advanced fibrosis and may have a pathogenic role in modulating NAFLD outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Manka
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 45122, Essen, Germany. .,Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA.
| | - Lars Bechmann
- Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectiology, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Jan Best
- Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectiology, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Svenja Sydor
- Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectiology, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Lee C Claridge
- Department of Hepatology, Leeds Teaching Hospital NHS Trust, Leeds, UK
| | - Jason D Coombes
- Department of Inflammation Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK.,Department of Bioengineering, California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Ali Canbay
- Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectiology, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Lars Moeller
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology, and Metabolism, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Guido Gerken
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 45122, Essen, Germany
| | - Heiner Wedemeyer
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 45122, Essen, Germany
| | - Wing-Kin Syn
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA.,Section of Gastroenterology, Ralph H Johnson Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, SC, USA.,Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country, UPV/EHU, Leioa, Spain
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Green CH, Syn WK. Non-nutritive sweeteners and their association with the metabolic syndrome and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a review of the literature. Eur J Nutr 2019; 58:1785-1800. [PMID: 31119399 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-019-01996-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is increasing in incidence worldwide, paralleling epidemics in obesity and metabolic syndrome. Widely considered the hepatic manifestation of the metabolic syndrome, NAFLD is associated with significant morbidity, mortality, and increased healthcare costs. There is an abundance of data linking sugar-sweetened beverages, and fructose, in particular, to the metabolic syndrome and NAFLD. As a result, non-nutritive sweeteners (NNSs) are frequently substituted for sugar in drinks and a variety of foods. However, despite the widespread consumption of NNSs, there is growing concern about their impact on metabolic health. METHODS This review examines the experimental and clinical evidence on non-nutritive sweetener (NNS) consumption and features of the metabolic syndrome, including NAFLD. RESULTS Experimental animal studies show that NNS consumption can induce glucose intolerance, increased food consumption, and weight gain, with proposed mechanisms including altered gut microbiome, inhibition of protective intestinal enzymes, and increased appetite. The evidence from clinical studies is more controversial. Observational studies overwhelmingly show an association between NNS consumption and features of the metabolic syndrome, and this includes NAFLD when analyses are not adjusted for obesity. The evidence from randomized-controlled trials in humans is sparse and conflicting, and primarily evaluates weight-related outcomes. CONCLUSION Further research is urgently needed to evaluate NNS consumption and its relationship with NAFLD and the gut microbiome in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin H Green
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Medical University of South Carolina, 30 Courtenay Drive-STB Suit 249, MSC 702, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA.
| | - Wing-Kin Syn
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Medical University of South Carolina, 30 Courtenay Drive-STB Suit 249, MSC 702, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA.,Section of Gastroenterology, Ralph H Johnson Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, SC, USA.,Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque County, UPV/EHU, Leioa, Spain
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Arif E, Solanki AK, Srivastava P, Rahman B, Tash BR, Holzman LB, Janech MG, Martin R, Knölker HJ, Fitzgibbon WR, Deng P, Budisavljevic MN, Syn WK, Wang C, Lipschutz JH, Kwon SH, Nihalani D. The motor protein Myo1c regulates transforming growth factor-β-signaling and fibrosis in podocytes. Kidney Int 2019; 96:139-158. [PMID: 31097328 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2019.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Revised: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) is known to play a critical role in the pathogenesis of many progressive podocyte diseases. However, the molecular mechanisms regulating TGF-β signaling in podocytes remain unclear. Using a podocyte-specific myosin (Myo)1c knockout, we demonstrate whether Myo1c is critical for TGF-β-signaling in podocyte disease pathogenesis. Specifically, podocyte-specific Myo1c knockout mice were resistant to fibrotic injury induced by Adriamycin or nephrotoxic serum. Further, loss of Myo1c also protected from injury in the TGF-β-dependent unilateral ureteral obstruction mouse model of renal interstitial fibrosis. Mechanistic analyses showed that loss of Myo1c significantly blunted TGF-β signaling through downregulation of canonical and non-canonical TGF-β pathways. Interestingly, nuclear rather than the cytoplasmic Myo1c was found to play a central role in controlling TGF-β signaling through transcriptional regulation. Differential expression analysis of nuclear Myo1c-associated gene promoters showed that nuclear Myo1c targeted the TGF-β responsive gene growth differentiation factor (GDF)-15 and directly bound to the GDF-15 promoter. Importantly, GDF15 was found to be involved in podocyte pathogenesis, where GDF15 was upregulated in glomeruli of patients with focal segmental glomerulosclerosis. Thus, Myo1c-mediated regulation of TGF-β-responsive genes is central to the pathogenesis of podocyte injury. Hence, inhibiting this process may have clinical application in treating podocytopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehtesham Arif
- Department of Medicine, Nephrology Division, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Ashish K Solanki
- Department of Medicine, Nephrology Division, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Pankaj Srivastava
- Department of Medicine, Nephrology Division, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Bushra Rahman
- Department of Medicine, Nephrology Division, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Brian R Tash
- Department of Medicine, Renal Electrolyte and Hypertension Division, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Lawrence B Holzman
- Department of Medicine, Renal Electrolyte and Hypertension Division, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Michael G Janech
- Department of Medicine, Nephrology Division, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA; College of Charleston, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - René Martin
- Department of Chemistry, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | | | - Wayne R Fitzgibbon
- Department of Medicine, Nephrology Division, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Peifeng Deng
- Department of Medicine, Nephrology Division, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Milos N Budisavljevic
- Department of Medicine, Nephrology Division, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Wing-Kin Syn
- Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA; Section of Gastroenterology, Ralph H Johnson VA Medical Center, Charleston, South Carolina, USA; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country, (UPV/EHU), Vizcaya, Spain
| | - Cindy Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Joshua H Lipschutz
- Department of Medicine, Nephrology Division, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Sang-Ho Kwon
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
| | - Deepak Nihalani
- Department of Medicine, Nephrology Division, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA.
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Dismuke-Greer CE, Syn WK. Coming Complications of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Time to GNASH Your Teeth. Dig Dis Sci 2019; 64:606-608. [PMID: 30560337 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-018-5426-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Clara E Dismuke-Greer
- Health Equity and Rural Outreach Innovation Center, Ralph H Johnson VAMC, Charleston, SC, USA.,Division of Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Wing-Kin Syn
- Section of Gastroenterology, Ralph H Johnson VAMC, Charleston, SC, USA. .,Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA.
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29
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Manka P, Coombes JD, Boosman R, Gauthier K, Papa S, Syn WK. Thyroid hormone in the regulation of hepatocellular carcinoma and its microenvironment. Cancer Lett 2019; 419:175-186. [PMID: 29414304 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2018.01.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Revised: 01/14/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) commonly arises from a liver damaged by extensive inflammation and fibrosis. Various factors including cytokines, morphogens, and growth factors are involved in the crosstalk between HCC cells and the stromal microenvironment. Increasing our understanding of how stromal components interact with HCC and the signaling pathways involved could help identify new therapeutic and/or chemopreventive targets. It has become increasingly clear that the cross-talk between tumor cells and host stroma plays a key role in modulating tumor growth. Emerging reports suggest a relationship between HCC and thyroid hormone signaling (dysfunction), raising the possibility that perturbed thyroid hormone (TH) regulation influences the cancer microenvironment and cancer phenotype. This review provides an overview of the role of thyroid hormone and its related pathways in HCC and, specifically, its role in regulating the tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Manka
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany; Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston (SC), USA.
| | - J D Coombes
- Regeneration and Repair, Institute of Hepatology, Division of Transplantation Immunology and Mucosal Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - R Boosman
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - K Gauthier
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon, Université de Lyon, CNRS UMR 5242, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - S Papa
- Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - W K Syn
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston (SC), USA; Section of Gastroenterology, Ralph H Johnson Veteran Affairs Medical Center, Charleston (SC), USA.
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Shetty A, Syn WK. Health and Economic Burden of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in the United States and Its Impact on Veterans. Fed Pract 2019; 36:14-19. [PMID: 30766413 PMCID: PMC6366581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
NAFLD is a leading cause of chronic liver disease and cirrhosis in the US and is associated with metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and all-cause mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akshay Shetty
- was a Fellow, and is an Attending Physician at the division of gastroenterology and hepatology at Medical University of South Carolina in Charleston. Wing-Kin Syn also is the Acting Chief in the section of gastroenterology at Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Affairs Medical Center in Charleston. Akshay Shetty is currently a Transplant Hepatology Fellow in the division of digestive diseases at David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles
| | - Wing-Kin Syn
- was a Fellow, and is an Attending Physician at the division of gastroenterology and hepatology at Medical University of South Carolina in Charleston. Wing-Kin Syn also is the Acting Chief in the section of gastroenterology at Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Affairs Medical Center in Charleston. Akshay Shetty is currently a Transplant Hepatology Fellow in the division of digestive diseases at David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles
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Abstract
Activation of hepatic stellate cell (HSC) involves the transition from a quiescent to a proliferative, migratory, and fibrogenic phenotype (i.e., myofibroblast), which is characteristic of liver fibrogenesis. Multiple cellular and molecular signals which contribute to HSC activation have been identified. This review specially focuses on the metabolic changes which impact on HSC activation and fibrogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Hou
- Tianjin Second People's Hospital and Tianjin Institute of Hepatology, Tianjin, China.,Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Wing-Kin Syn
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States.,Section of Gastroenterology, Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, SC, United States
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32
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Glass O, Henao R, Patel K, Guy CD, Gruss HJ, Syn WK, Moylan CA, Streilein R, Hall R, Mae Diehl A, Abdelmalek MF. Serum Interleukin-8, Osteopontin, and Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein 1 Are Associated With Hepatic Fibrosis in Patients With Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Hepatol Commun 2018; 2:1344-1355. [PMID: 30411081 PMCID: PMC6211321 DOI: 10.1002/hep4.1237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The severity of hepatic fibrosis is the primary predictor of liver‐related morbidity and mortality in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Unfortunately, noninvasive serum biomarkers for NAFLD‐associated fibrosis are limited. We analyzed baseline serum samples for 24 cytokines of 97 patients with biopsy‐proven NAFLD. These patients were prospectively enrolled in a clinical study (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00794716) to identify cytokines associated with liver fibrosis in patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Patients were stratified according to severity of hepatic fibrosis (mild, stage 0‐1, n = 37; moderate, stage 2, n = 40; and advanced, stage 3‐4, n = 20) while controlling for age, race, sex, body mass index, and diabetes mellitus. Interleukin‐8 (IL‐8), osteopontin (OPN), and monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP1) were associated with liver fibrosis (P < 0.001, P = 0.005, P = 0.016, respectively). After controlling for steatosis, lobular inflammation, hepatocyte ballooning, age, sex, body mass index, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and metabolic syndrome status, IL‐8 remained strongly associated with fibrosis (P = 0.001). Furthermore, IL‐8 was also a strong predictor of increased fibrotic liver injury compared to established markers of hepatic fibrosis. Hepatic gene expression from 72 patients with NAFLD (n = 40 mild fibrosis; n = 32 advanced fibrosis) from the Duke University Health System NAFLD Clinical Database and Biorepository revealed IL‐8, MCP1, and OPN gene expression to be increased and differentially expressed in patients with advanced hepatic fibrosis. Thus, serum IL‐8, MCP1, and OPN may reflect up‐regulated gene expression during liver fibrosis in NAFLD. Conclusion: Serum IL‐8, MCP1, and OPN may serve as a test for advanced hepatic fibrosis in NAFLD and thus reveal novel targets for antifibrotic therapies. The increased serum IL‐8, MCP1, and OPN that correspond with associated hepatic gene expression lend strength to such analytes as ideal surrogate serum biomarkers for severity of hepatic fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Glass
- Division of General Internal Medicine Duke University Durham NC
| | - Ricardo Henao
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Duke University Durham NC.,Duke Clinical Research Institute Duke University Durham NC
| | - Keyur Patel
- University Health Network University of Toronto Toronto Canada
| | | | | | - Wing-Kin Syn
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Medical University of South Carolina Charleston SC.,Section of Gastroenterology Ralph H Johnson Veterans Affairs Medical Center Charleston SC
| | | | | | - Russell Hall
- Department of Dermatology Duke University Durham NC
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33
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Hou W, Trieu C, Du Y, Wang C, Syn WK. Profile of drug resistance mutations in nucleos(t)ide analogue-experienced chronic hepatitis B patients in Tianjin, China. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2018; 52:735-736. [PMID: 30081141 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2018.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Revised: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/29/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Hou
- Tianjin Second People's Hospital and Tianjin Institute of Hepatology, Tianjin, China; Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA.
| | - Congdoanh Trieu
- International Medical School, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yanan Du
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Cindy Wang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Wing-Kin Syn
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA; Section of Gastroenterology, Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, SC, USA.
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34
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Naggie S, Swiderska-Syn M, Choi S, Lusk S, Lan A, Ferrari G, Syn WK, Guy CD, Diehl AM. Markers of Tissue Repair and Cellular Aging Are Increased in the Liver Tissue of Patients With HIV Infection Regardless of Presence of HCV Coinfection. Open Forum Infect Dis 2018; 5:ofy138. [PMID: 29992177 PMCID: PMC6030967 DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofy138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver disease is a leading cause of HIV-related mortality. Hepatitis C virus (HCV)–related fibrogenesis is accelerated in the setting of HIV coinfection, yet the mechanisms underlying this aggressive pathogenesis are unclear. We identified formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded liver tissue for HIV-infected patients, HCV-infected patients, HIV/HCV-coinfected patients, and controls at Duke University Medical Center. De-identified sections were stained for markers against the wound repair Hedgehog (Hh) pathway, resident T-lymphocytes, and immune activation and cellular aging. HIV infection was independently associated with Hh activation and markers of immune dysregulation in the liver tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanna Naggie
- Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina.,Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, North Carolina
| | | | - Steve Choi
- Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina.,Durham VA Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Sam Lusk
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Audrey Lan
- University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Guido Ferrari
- Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Wing-Kin Syn
- Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina.,Ralph H. Johnson VA Medical Center, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Cynthia D Guy
- Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Anna Mae Diehl
- Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
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35
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Armstrong MJ, Haydon G, Syn WK. Beyond the liver in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)-cause for concern? Hepatobiliary Surg Nutr 2018; 7:138-142. [PMID: 29744346 DOI: 10.21037/hbsn.2018.01.09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Armstrong
- Liver Unit, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.,Centre for Liver Research, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Geoffrey Haydon
- Liver Unit, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Wing-Kin Syn
- Section of Gastroenterology, Ralph H Johnson Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, South Carolina, USA.,Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
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36
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De Silva S, Li W, Kemos P, Brindley JH, Mecci J, Samsuddin S, Chin-Aleong J, Feakins RM, Foster GR, Syn WK, Alazawi W. Non-invasive markers of liver fibrosis in fatty liver disease are unreliable in people of South Asian descent. Frontline Gastroenterol 2018; 9:115-121. [PMID: 29588839 PMCID: PMC5868450 DOI: 10.1136/flgastro-2017-100865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Revised: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 08/19/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Liver biopsy is the most accurate method for determining stage and grade of injury in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Given risks and limitations of biopsy, non-invasive tests such as NAFLD fibrosis score, aspartate transaminase (AST) to platelet ratio index, Fib-4, AST/alanine transaminase ratio and BARD are used. Prevalence and severity of NAFLD and metabolic syndrome vary by ethnicity, yet tests have been developed in largely white populations. We tested our hypothesis that non-invasive tests that include metabolic parameters are less accurate in South Asian compared with white patients. DESIGN Retrospective cross-sectional. SETTING Specialist liver centre. PATIENTS Patients with histologically confirmed NAFLD. INTERVENTIONS Scores calculated using clinical data taken within 1 week and compared with histology (Kleiner). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Diagnostic test characteristics. RESULTS 175 patients were identified. South Asians (n=90) were younger, had lower body mass index and lower proportion of obesity compared with white patients (n=79), with comparable rates of diabetes and liver injury. Tests are less sensitive at detecting advanced fibrosis in South Asian compared with white patients. Relative risk of correct diagnosis in white patients compared with South Asians is 1.86 (95% CI 1.4 to 2.6). In binary logistic regression models, ethnicity and platelet count predicted accuracy. Transient elastography was equally and highly accurate in both ethnicities. CONCLUSIONS Blood test-based non-invasive scores are less accurate in South Asian patients, irrespective of metabolic parameters. Ethnicity should be considered when devising risk-stratification algorithms for NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sampath De Silva
- Liver Unit, Blizard Institute, QueenMary University of London, London, UK
| | - Wenhao Li
- Liver Unit, Blizard Institute, QueenMary University of London, London, UK
| | - Polychronis Kemos
- Liver Unit, Blizard Institute, QueenMary University of London, London, UK
| | - James H Brindley
- Liver Unit, Blizard Institute, QueenMary University of London, London, UK
| | - Jibran Mecci
- Liver Unit, Blizard Institute, QueenMary University of London, London, UK
| | - Salma Samsuddin
- Liver Unit, Blizard Institute, QueenMary University of London, London, UK
| | | | - Roger M Feakins
- Department of Histopathology, Bart’s Health NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Graham R Foster
- Liver Unit, Blizard Institute, QueenMary University of London, London, UK
| | - Wing-Kin Syn
- Liver Unit, Blizard Institute, QueenMary University of London, London, UK,Section of Gastroenterology, Ralph H Johnson Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, USA,Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, USA
| | - William Alazawi
- Liver Unit, Blizard Institute, QueenMary University of London, London, UK
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Alazawi W, Bernabe E, Tai D, Janicki T, Kemos P, Samsuddin S, Syn WK, Gillam D, Turner W. Periodontitis is associated with significant hepatic fibrosis in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0185902. [PMID: 29220367 PMCID: PMC5722374 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0185902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and aims Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has a bidirectional association with metabolic syndrome. It affects up to 30% of the general population, 70% of individuals with diabetes and 90% with obesity. The main histological hallmark of progressive NAFLD is fibrosis. There is a bidirectional epidemiological link between periodontitis and metabolic syndrome. NAFLD, periodontitis and diabetes share common risk factors, are characterised by inflammation and associated with changes in commensal bacteria. Therefore we tested the hypothesis that periodontitis is associated with NAFLD and with significant fibrosis in two study groups. Methods We analyzed data from a population-based survey and a patient-based study. NHANES III participants with abdominal ultrasound and sociodemographic, clinical, and oral examination data were extracted and appropriate weighting applied. In a separate patient-based study, consenting patients with biopsy-proved NAFLD (or with liver indices too mild to justify biopsy) underwent dental examination. Basic Periodontal Examination score was recorded. Results In NHANES, periodontitis was significantly associated with steatosis in 8172 adults even after adjusting for sociodemographic factors. However, associations were fully explained after accounting for features of metabolic syndrome. In the patient-based study, periodontitis was significantly more common in patients with biopsy-proven NASH and any fibrosis (F0-F4) than without NASH (p = 0.009). Periodontitis was more common in patients with NASH and significant fibrosis (F2-4) than mild or no fibrosis (F0-1, p = 0.04). Conclusions Complementary evidence from an epidemiological survey and a clinical study show that NAFLD is associated with periodontitis and that the association is stronger with significant liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Alazawi
- Blizard institute, Queen Mary, University of London, London, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | - Eduardo Bernabe
- Institute of Dentistry, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - David Tai
- Blizard institute, Queen Mary, University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Tomasz Janicki
- Dental Institute, Queen Mary, University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Polychronis Kemos
- Blizard institute, Queen Mary, University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Salma Samsuddin
- Blizard institute, Queen Mary, University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Wing-Kin Syn
- Blizard institute, Queen Mary, University of London, London, United Kingdom
- Section of Gastroenterology, Ralph H Johnson Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, SC, United States of America
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States of America
| | - David Gillam
- Dental Institute, Queen Mary, University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Wendy Turner
- Dental Institute, Queen Mary, University of London, London, United Kingdom
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38
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Mehta KJ, Coombes JD, Briones-Orta M, Manka PP, Williams R, Patel VB, Syn WK. Iron Enhances Hepatic Fibrogenesis and Activates Transforming Growth Factor-β Signaling in Murine Hepatic Stellate Cells. Am J Med Sci 2017; 355:183-190. [PMID: 29406047 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjms.2017.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Revised: 08/14/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although excess iron induces oxidative stress in the liver, it is unclear whether it directly activates the hepatic stellate cells (HSC). MATERIALS AND METHODS We evaluated the effects of excess iron on fibrogenesis and transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) signaling in murine HSC. Cells were treated with holotransferrin (0.005-5g/L) for 24 hours, with or without the iron chelator deferoxamine (10µM). Gene expressions (α-SMA, Col1-α1, Serpine-1, TGF-β, Hif1-α, Tfrc and Slc40a1) were analyzed by quantitative real time-polymerase chain reaction, whereas TfR1, ferroportin, ferritin, vimentin, collagen, TGF-β RII and phospho-Smad2 proteins were evaluated by immunofluorescence, Western blot and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS HSC expressed the iron-uptake protein transferrin receptor 1 (TfR1) and the iron-export protein ferroportin. Holotransferrin upregulated TfR1 expression by 1.8-fold (P < 0.03) and ferritin accumulation (iron storage) by 2-fold (P < 0.01), and activated HSC with 2-fold elevations (P < 0.03) in α-SMA messenger RNA and collagen secretion, and a 1.6-fold increase (P < 0.01) in vimentin protein. Moreover, holotransferrin activated the TGF-β pathway with TGF-β messenger RNA elevated 1.6-fold (P = 0.05), and protein levels of TGF-β RII and phospho-Smad2 increased by 1.8-fold (P < 0.01) and 1.6-fold (P < 0.01), respectively. In contrast, iron chelation decreased ferritin levels by 30% (P < 0.03), inhibited collagen secretion by 60% (P < 0.01), repressed fibrogenic genes α-SMA (0.2-fold; P < 0.05) and TGF-β (0.4-fold; P < 0.01) and reduced levels of TGF-β RII and phospho-Smad2 proteins. CONCLUSIONS HSC express iron-transport proteins. Holotransferrin (iron) activates HSC fibrogenesis and the TGF-β pathway, whereas iron depletion by chelation reverses this, suggesting that this could be a useful adjunct therapy for patients with fibrosis. Further studies in primary human HSC and animal models are necessary to confirm this.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kosha J Mehta
- Regeneration and Repair Group, The Institute of Hepatology, Foundation for Liver Research, London, UK; Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, London, UK; Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Westminster, London, UK
| | - Jason D Coombes
- Regeneration and Repair Group, The Institute of Hepatology, Foundation for Liver Research, London, UK; Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Marco Briones-Orta
- Regeneration and Repair Group, The Institute of Hepatology, Foundation for Liver Research, London, UK; Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Paul P Manka
- Regeneration and Repair Group, The Institute of Hepatology, Foundation for Liver Research, London, UK; Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, London, UK; Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Roger Williams
- Regeneration and Repair Group, The Institute of Hepatology, Foundation for Liver Research, London, UK
| | - Vinood B Patel
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Westminster, London, UK
| | - Wing-Kin Syn
- Regeneration and Repair Group, The Institute of Hepatology, Foundation for Liver Research, London, UK; Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, London, UK; Section of Gastroenterology, Ralph H Johnson VAMC, Charleston, South Carolina; Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina.
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39
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Briones-Orta MA, Avendaño-Vázquez SE, Ivette Aparicio-Bautista D, Coombes JD, Weber GF, Syn WK. Prediction of transcription factor bindings sites affected by SNPs located at the osteopontin promoter. Data Brief 2017; 14:538-542. [PMID: 28856185 PMCID: PMC5565761 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2017.07.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2017] [Accepted: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
This data contains information related to the research article entitled “Osteopontin splice variants and polymorphisms in Cancer Progression and Prognosis” [1]. Here, we describe an in silico analysis of transcription factors that could have altered binding to their DNA target sequence as a result of SNPs in the osteopontin gene promoter. We concentrated on SNPs associated with cancer risk and development. The analysis was performed with PROMO v3.0.2 software which incorporates TRANSFACT v6.4 of. We also present a figure depicting the putative transcription factor binding according to genotype.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jason D Coombes
- Regeneration and Repair, Institute of Hepatology, Foundation for Liver Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Georg F Weber
- James L. Winkle College of Pharmacy, University of Cincinnati Academic Health Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Wing-Kin Syn
- Regeneration and Repair, Institute of Hepatology, Foundation for Liver Research, London, United Kingdom.,Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States.,Section of Gastroenterology, Ralph H Johnson Veteran Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, SC, United States
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40
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Nuñez-Garcia M, Gomez-Santos B, Buqué X, García-Rodriguez JL, Romero MR, Marin JJG, Arteta B, García-Monzón C, Castaño L, Syn WK, Fresnedo O, Aspichueta P. Osteopontin regulates the cross-talk between phosphatidylcholine and cholesterol metabolism in mouse liver. J Lipid Res 2017; 58:1903-1915. [PMID: 28754826 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m078980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Revised: 07/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteopontin (OPN) is involved in different liver pathologies in which metabolic dysregulation is a hallmark. Here, we investigated whether OPN could alter liver, and more specifically hepatocyte, lipid metabolism and the mechanism involved. In mice, lack of OPN enhanced cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase (CYP7A1) levels and promoted loss of phosphatidylcholine (PC) content in liver; in vivo treatment with recombinant (r)OPN caused opposite effects. rOPN directly decreased CYP7A1 levels through activation of focal adhesion kinase-AKT signaling in hepatocytes. PC content was also decreased in OPN-deficient (OPN-KO) hepatocytes in which de novo FA and PC synthesis was lower, whereas cholesterol (CHOL) synthesis was higher, than in WT hepatocytes. In vivo inhibition of cholesterogenesis normalized liver PC content in OPN-KO mice, demonstrating that OPN regulates the cross-talk between liver CHOL and PC metabolism. Matched liver and serum samples showed a positive correlation between serum OPN levels and liver PC and CHOL concentration in nonobese patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver. In conclusion, OPN regulates CYP7A1 levels and the metabolic fate of liver acetyl-CoA as a result of CHOL and PC metabolism interplay. The results suggest that CYP7A1 is a main axis and that serum OPN could disrupt liver PC and CHOL metabolism, contributing to nonalcoholic fatty liver disease progression in nonobese patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maitane Nuñez-Garcia
- Departments of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain
| | - Beatriz Gomez-Santos
- Departments of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain
| | - Xabier Buqué
- Departments of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain.,Biocruces Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain
| | - Juan L García-Rodriguez
- Departments of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain
| | - Marta R Romero
- Experimental Hepatology and Drug Targeting (HEVEFARM), IBSAL, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.,Center for the Study of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases (CIBERehd), Carlos III National Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose J G Marin
- Experimental Hepatology and Drug Targeting (HEVEFARM), IBSAL, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.,Center for the Study of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases (CIBERehd), Carlos III National Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz Arteta
- Cellular Biology and Histology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain
| | - Carmelo García-Monzón
- Center for the Study of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases (CIBERehd), Carlos III National Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain.,Liver Research Unit, Santa Cristina University Hospital, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa, Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Castaño
- Biocruces Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain.,Hospital Universitario Cruces, Barakaldo, Spain.,Pediatrics Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain.,CIBERDEM, CIBERER Carlos III National Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain
| | - Wing-Kin Syn
- Regeneration and Repair, Institute of Hepatology, Foundation for Liver Research, London, United Kingdom.,Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC.,Section of Gastroenterology, Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, SC
| | - Olatz Fresnedo
- Departments of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain
| | - Patricia Aspichueta
- Departments of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain .,Biocruces Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain
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Shetty A, Cho W, Alazawi W, Syn WK. Methotrexate Hepatotoxicity and the Impact of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Am J Med Sci 2017; 354:172-181. [PMID: 28864376 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjms.2017.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2016] [Revised: 02/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Methotrexate (MTX) is commonly used to treat individuals with rheumatological and dermatologic disorders. Current American College of Rheumatology (ACR) and American Association of Dermatology (AAD) guidelines identify diabetes and obesity as risk factors for MTX-induced liver injury. Both diabetes and obesity are components of the metabolic syndrome, and are also risk factors for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). NAFLD affects approximately 40% of the U.S. population, and those with more advanced NAFLD (i.e., nonalcoholic steatohepatitis with or without fibrosis) are likely to develop progressive liver disease. As such, individuals who are treated with MTX may need to be screened for advanced NAFLD, as this may put them at an increased risk of MTX-induced liver injury. In this mini-review, we review the current ACR and AAD guidelines on MTX hepatotoxicity, discuss the evidence (or lack thereof) of the impact of metabolic risk factors on MTX-induced liver injury and highlight the areas that need further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akshay Shetty
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - WonKyung Cho
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - William Alazawi
- Department of Hepatology, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom; Centre for Immunobiology, Blizzard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Wing-Kin Syn
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina; Section of Gastroenterology, Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, South Carolina.
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42
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Hussain SA, Palmer DH, Syn WK, Sacco JJ, Greensmith RMD, Elmetwali T, Aachi V, Lloyd BH, Jithesh PV, Arrand J, Barton D, Ansari J, Sibson DR, James ND. Gene expression profiling in bladder cancer identifies potential therapeutic targets. Int J Oncol 2017; 50:1147-1159. [PMID: 28259975 PMCID: PMC5363876 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2017.3893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Accepted: 01/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite advances in management, bladder cancer remains a major cause of cancer related complications. Characterisation of gene expression patterns in bladder cancer allows the identification of pathways involved in its pathogenesis, and may stimulate the development of novel therapies targeting these pathways. Between 2004 and 2005, cystoscopic bladder biopsies were obtained from 19 patients and 11 controls. These were subjected to whole transcript-based microarray analysis. Unsupervised hierarchical clustering was used to identify samples with similar expression profiles. Hypergeometric analysis was used to identify canonical pathways and curated networks having statistically significant enrichment of differentially expressed genes. Osteopontin (OPN) expression was validated by immunohistochemistry. Hierarchical clustering defined signatures, which differentiated between cancer and healthy tissue, muscle-invasive or non-muscle invasive cancer and healthy tissue, grade 1 and grade 3. Pathways associated with cell cycle and proliferation were markedly upregulated in muscle-invasive and grade 3 cancers. Genes associated with the classical complement pathway were downregulated in non-muscle invasive cancer. Osteopontin was markedly overexpressed in invasive cancer compared to healthy tissue. The present study contributes to a growing body of work on gene expression signatures in bladder cancer. The data support an important role for osteopontin in bladder cancer, and identify several pathways worthy of further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed A Hussain
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GA, UK
| | - Daniel H Palmer
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GA, UK
| | - Wing-Kin Syn
- Regeneration and Repair Group, The Institute of Hepatology, Foundation of Liver Research, London SE5 9NT, UK
| | - Joseph J Sacco
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GA, UK
| | - Richard M D Greensmith
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GA, UK
| | - Taha Elmetwali
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GA, UK
| | - Vijay Aachi
- The Royal Liverpool and Broadgreen University Hospital Trust, Liverpool L7 8XP, UK
| | - Bryony H Lloyd
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GA, UK
| | - Puthen V Jithesh
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GA, UK
| | - John Arrand
- School of Cancer Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Darren Barton
- School of Cancer Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Jawaher Ansari
- Beatson West Scotland Cancer Centre, Glasgow G12 0YN, UK
| | - D Ross Sibson
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GA, UK
| | - Nicholas D James
- School of Cancer Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
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Briones-Orta MA, Avendaño-Vázquez SE, Aparicio-Bautista DI, Coombes JD, Weber GF, Syn WK. Osteopontin splice variants and polymorphisms in cancer progression and prognosis. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2017; 1868:93-108.A. [PMID: 28254527 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2017.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Revised: 02/24/2017] [Accepted: 02/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Osteopontin (OPN) is an extracellular matrix protein that is overexpressed in various cancers and promotes oncogenic features including cell proliferation, survival, migration, and angiogenesis, among others. OPN can participate in the regulation of the tumor microenvironment, affecting both cancer and neighboring cells. Here, we review the roles of OPN splice variants (a, b, c) in cancer development, progression, and prognosis, and also discuss the identities of isoforms 4 and 5. We also discussed how single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the OPN gene are an additional factor influencing the level of OPN in individuals, modulating the risks of cancer development and outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jason D Coombes
- Regeneration and Repair, Institute of Hepatology, Foundation for Liver Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Georg F Weber
- James L. Winkle College of Pharmacy, University of Cincinnati Academic Health Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Wing-Kin Syn
- Regeneration and Repair, Institute of Hepatology, Foundation for Liver Research, London, United Kingdom; Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC., United States; Section of Gastroenterology, Ralph H Johnson Veteran Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, SC, United States.
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Pereira TA, Syn WK, Amâncio FF, Cunha PHD, Caporali JFM, Trindade GVDM, Santos ET, Souza MM, Andrade ZA, Witek RP, Secor WE, Pereira FEL, Lambertucci JR, Diehl AM. Osteopontin Is Upregulated in Human and Murine Acute Schistosomiasis Mansoni. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2016; 10:e0005057. [PMID: 27755536 PMCID: PMC5068698 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0005057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Symptomatic acute schistosomiasis mansoni is a systemic hypersensitivity reaction against the migrating schistosomula and mature eggs after a primary infection. The mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of acute schistosomiasis are not fully elucidated. Osteopontin has been implicated in granulomatous reactions and in acute hepatic injury. Our aims were to evaluate if osteopontin plays a role in acute Schistosoma mansoni infection in both human and experimentally infected mice and if circulating OPN levels could be a novel biomarker of this infection. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Serum/plasma osteopontin levels were measured by ELISA in patients with acute (n = 28), hepatointestinal (n = 26), hepatosplenic (n = 39) schistosomiasis and in uninfected controls (n = 21). Liver osteopontin was assessed by immunohistochemistry in needle biopsies of 5 patients. Sera and hepatic osteopontin were quantified in the murine model of schistosomiasis mansoni during acute (7 and 8 weeks post infection, n = 10) and chronic (30 weeks post infection, n = 8) phase. Circulating osteopontin levels are increased in patients with acute schistosomiasis (p = 0.0001). The highest levels of OPN were observed during the peak of clinical symptoms (7-11 weeks post infection), returning to baseline level once the granulomas were modulated (>12 weeks post infection). The plasma levels in acute schistosomiasis were even higher than in hepatosplenic patients. The murine model mirrored the human disease. Macrophages were the major source of OPN in human and murine acute schistosomiasis, while the ductular reaction maintains OPN production in hepatosplenic disease. Soluble egg antigens from S. mansoni induced OPN expression in primary human kupffer cells. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE S. mansoni egg antigens induce the production of OPN by macrophages in the necrotic-exudative granulomas characteristic of acute schistosomiasis mansoni. Circulating OPN levels are upregulated in human and murine acute schistosomiasis and could be a non-invasive biomarker of this form of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiago Almeida Pereira
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States of America
- Departamento de Clínica Médica, Laboratório de Doenças Infecciosas e Parasitárias, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
- Laboratório de Patologia Experimental, Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador, BA, Brazil
- Immunopathogesis Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda,MD, United States of America
| | - Wing-Kin Syn
- Section of Gastroenterology, Ralph H Johnson Veteran Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, South Carolina, United States of America
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States of America
- Liver Regeneration and Repair Research Group, Institute of Hepatology, Foundation for Liver Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Frederico Figueiredo Amâncio
- Departamento de Clínica Médica, Laboratório de Doenças Infecciosas e Parasitárias, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Pedro Henrique Diniz Cunha
- Departamento de Clínica Médica, Laboratório de Doenças Infecciosas e Parasitárias, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Julia Fonseca Morais Caporali
- Departamento de Clínica Médica, Laboratório de Doenças Infecciosas e Parasitárias, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Vaz de Melo Trindade
- Departamento de Clínica Médica, Laboratório de Doenças Infecciosas e Parasitárias, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Elisângela Trindade Santos
- Laboratório de Patologia Experimental, Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - Márcia Maria Souza
- Laboratório de Patologia Experimental, Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - Zilton Araújo Andrade
- Laboratório de Patologia Experimental, Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - Rafal P Witek
- Thermo Fisher Scientific, Frederick, MD, United States of America
| | - William Evan Secor
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | | | - José Roberto Lambertucci
- Departamento de Clínica Médica, Laboratório de Doenças Infecciosas e Parasitárias, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
- * E-mail: (JRL); (AMD)
| | - Anna Mae Diehl
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States of America
- * E-mail: (JRL); (AMD)
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a continuously increasing cause of chronic liver disease and a health burden in all populations affected by the obesity and metabolic syndrome pandemic. Cirrhotic alterations or hepatocellular carcinoma developing from NAFLD may require liver transplantation (LTx). METHODS Current literature was screened for data on LTx in the setting of NAFLD. RESULTS NAFLD-associated LTx is expected to increase in number and relevance during the next decade. NAFLD is part of the metabolic syndrome and thus connected to various metabolic alterations and comorbidities such as diabetes or hyperlipidemia. Moreover, NAFLD comprises an independent risk factor for cardiovascular and chronic kidney disease, which again are important risk factors for outcome of surgical interventions. Postoperative immunosuppression, possible steatosis of the liver graft, and a continued presence of metabolic alterations may lead to early recurrence of steatosis or even non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. Currently, no data are available on combined approaches of weight loss and LTx for NAFLD. CONCLUSION Specific guidelines on how to manage NAFLD-associated LTx are lacking. This particular situation requires close monitoring of metabolic syndrome-associated comorbidities. NAFLD represents a novel challenge to established LTx procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Canbay
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Jan-Peter Sowa
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Wing-Kin Syn
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA; Section of Gastroenterology, Ralph H. Johnson Veteran Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Jürgen Treckmann
- Department of General, Visceral, and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
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46
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Swiderska-Syn M, Xie G, Michelotti GA, Jewell ML, Premont RT, Syn WK, Diehl AM. Hedgehog regulates yes-associated protein 1 in regenerating mouse liver. Hepatology 2016; 64:232-44. [PMID: 26970079 PMCID: PMC4917408 DOI: 10.1002/hep.28542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2015] [Revised: 02/09/2016] [Accepted: 03/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Adult liver regeneration requires induction and suppression of proliferative activity in multiple types of liver cells. The mechanisms that orchestrate the global changes in gene expression that are required for proliferative activity to change within individual liver cells, and that coordinate proliferative activity among different types of liver cells, are not well understood. Morphogenic signaling pathways that are active during fetal development, including Hedgehog and Hippo/Yes-associated protein 1 (Yap1), regulate liver regeneration in adulthood. Cirrhosis and liver cancer result when these pathways become dysregulated, but relatively little is known about the mechanisms that coordinate and control morphogenic signaling during effective liver regeneration. We evaluated the hypothesis that the Hedgehog pathway controls Yap1 activation during liver regeneration by studying intact mice and cultured liver cells. In cultured hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), disrupting Hedgehog signaling blocked activation of Yap1, and knocking down Yap1 inhibited induction of both Yap1- and Hedgehog-regulated genes that enable HSC to become myofibroblasts (MFs). In mice, disrupting Hedgehog signaling in MFs inhibited liver regeneration after partial hepactectomy (PH). Reduced proliferative activity in the liver epithelial compartment resulted from loss of stroma-derived paracrine signals that activate Yap1 and the Hedgehog pathway in hepatocytes. This prevented hepatocytes from up-regulating Yap1- and Hedgehog-regulated transcription factors that normally promote their proliferation. CONCLUSIONS Morphogenic signaling in HSCs is necessary to reprogram hepatocytes to regenerate the liver epithelial compartment post-PH. This discovery identifies novel molecules that might be targeted to correct defective repair during cirrhosis and liver cancer. (Hepatology 2016;64:232-244).
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Affiliation(s)
- M Swiderska-Syn
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
| | - G Xie
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
| | - GA Michelotti
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
| | - ML Jewell
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
| | - RT Premont
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
| | - WK Syn
- Regeneration and Repair, Institute of Hepatology, Foundation for Liver Research, London,Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC,Section of Gastroenterology, Ralph H Johnson VAMC, Charleston, SC
| | - AM Diehl
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC,Corresponding author: Anna Mae Diehl, MD, Division of Gastroenterology, Duke University Medical Center 595 LaSalle Street, Snyderman Building, Suite 1073 Durham, NC 27710, 919-684-4173,
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Coombes JD, Choi SS, Swiderska-Syn M, Manka P, Reid DT, Palma E, Briones-Orta MA, Xie G, Younis R, Kitamura N, Della Peruta M, Bitencourt S, Dollé L, Oo YH, Mi Z, Kuo PC, Williams R, Chokshi S, Canbay A, Claridge LC, Eksteen B, Diehl AM, Syn WK. Osteopontin is a proximal effector of leptin-mediated non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) fibrosis. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2015; 1862:135-44. [PMID: 26529285 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2015.10.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2015] [Revised: 10/20/2015] [Accepted: 10/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Liver fibrosis develops when hepatic stellate cells (HSC) are activated into collagen-producing myofibroblasts. In non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), the adipokine leptin is upregulated, and promotes liver fibrosis by directly activating HSC via the hedgehog pathway. We reported that hedgehog-regulated osteopontin (OPN) plays a key role in promoting liver fibrosis. Herein, we evaluated if OPN mediates leptin-profibrogenic effects in NASH. METHODS Leptin-deficient (ob/ob) and wild-type (WT) mice were fed control or methionine-choline deficient (MCD) diet. Liver tissues were assessed by Sirius-red, OPN and αSMA IHC, and qRT-PCR for fibrogenic genes. In vitro, HSC with stable OPN (or control) knockdown were treated with recombinant (r)leptin and OPN-neutralizing or sham-aptamers. HSC response to OPN loss was assessed by wound healing assay. OPN-aptamers were also added to precision-cut liver slices (PCLS), and administered to MCD-fed WT (leptin-intact) mice to determine if OPN neutralization abrogated fibrogenesis. RESULTS MCD-fed WT mice developed NASH-fibrosis, upregulated OPN, and accumulated αSMA+ cells. Conversely, MCD-fed ob/ob mice developed less fibrosis and accumulated fewer αSMA+ and OPN+ cells. In vitro, leptin-treated HSC upregulated OPN, αSMA, collagen 1α1 and TGFβ mRNA by nearly 3-fold, but this effect was blunted by OPN loss. Inhibition of PI3K and transduction of dominant negative-Akt abrogated leptin-mediated OPN induction, while constitutive active-Akt upregulated OPN. Finally, OPN neutralization reduced leptin-mediated fibrogenesis in both PCLS and MCD-fed mice. CONCLUSION OPN overexpression in NASH enhances leptin-mediated fibrogenesis via PI3K/Akt. OPN neutralization significantly reduces NASH fibrosis, reinforcing the potential utility of targeting OPN in the treatment of patients with advanced NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason D Coombes
- Regeneration and Repair Group, The Institute of Hepatology, Foundation for Liver Research, London, UK; Division of Transplantation Immunology and Mucosal Biology, King's College London, UK
| | - Steve S Choi
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Duke University, NC, USA; Section of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Durham Veteran Affairs Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | - Paul Manka
- Regeneration and Repair Group, The Institute of Hepatology, Foundation for Liver Research, London, UK; Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Essen University Hospital, Essen, Germany
| | - Danielle T Reid
- Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Health Research and Innovation Centre (HRIC), University of Calgary, Canada
| | - Elena Palma
- Division of Transplantation Immunology and Mucosal Biology, King's College London, UK; Viral Hepatitis and Alcohol Research Group, The Institute of Hepatology, Foundation for Liver Research, London, UK
| | - Marco A Briones-Orta
- Regeneration and Repair Group, The Institute of Hepatology, Foundation for Liver Research, London, UK; Division of Transplantation Immunology and Mucosal Biology, King's College London, UK
| | - Guanhua Xie
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Duke University, NC, USA
| | - Rasha Younis
- Regeneration and Repair Group, The Institute of Hepatology, Foundation for Liver Research, London, UK
| | - Naoto Kitamura
- Regeneration and Repair Group, The Institute of Hepatology, Foundation for Liver Research, London, UK
| | - Marco Della Peruta
- Viral Hepatitis and Alcohol Research Group, The Institute of Hepatology, Foundation for Liver Research, London, UK
| | - Shanna Bitencourt
- Liver Cell Biology Lab (LIVR), Department of Cell Biology (CYTO), Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Laurent Dollé
- Liver Cell Biology Lab (LIVR), Department of Cell Biology (CYTO), Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Ye Htun Oo
- Centre for Liver Research and NIHR Birmingham Biomedical Research Unit, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Zhiyong Mi
- Department of Surgery, Loyola University, Chicago, USA
| | - Paul C Kuo
- Department of Surgery, Loyola University, Chicago, USA
| | - Roger Williams
- Regeneration and Repair Group, The Institute of Hepatology, Foundation for Liver Research, London, UK; Division of Transplantation Immunology and Mucosal Biology, King's College London, UK
| | - Shilpa Chokshi
- Division of Transplantation Immunology and Mucosal Biology, King's College London, UK; Viral Hepatitis and Alcohol Research Group, The Institute of Hepatology, Foundation for Liver Research, London, UK
| | - Ali Canbay
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Essen University Hospital, Essen, Germany
| | | | - Bertus Eksteen
- Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Health Research and Innovation Centre (HRIC), University of Calgary, Canada
| | - Anna Mae Diehl
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Duke University, NC, USA
| | - Wing-Kin Syn
- Regeneration and Repair Group, The Institute of Hepatology, Foundation for Liver Research, London, UK; Division of Transplantation Immunology and Mucosal Biology, King's College London, UK; Department of Surgery, Loyola University, Chicago, USA; Liver Unit, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK; Department of Physiology, University of the Basque Country, Bilbao, Spain.
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Manka P, Bechmann LP, Coombes JD, Thodou V, Schlattjan M, Kahraman A, Syn WK, Saner F, Gerken G, Baba H, Verheyen J, Timm J, Canbay A. Hepatitis E Virus Infection as a Possible Cause of Acute Liver Failure in Europe. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2015; 13:1836-1842.e2; quiz e157-8. [PMID: 25912835 DOI: 10.1016/j.cgh.2015.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2014] [Revised: 04/01/2015] [Accepted: 04/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS In Western countries, infection with the hepatitis E virus (HEV) is considered to be rare and imported from endemic regions. However, the prevalence of HEV infection has increased among adults in central Europe. HEV infection can cause acute liver failure (ALF), but there have been only a few confirmed cases of HEV-associated ALF in Europe. We investigated the number of cases of indeterminate ALF associated with HEV infection. METHODS We performed a retrospective analysis of 80 patients diagnosed with ALF or acute hepatitis at the University Hospital Essen in Germany from November 2006 through December 2013. Clinical data were collected from the hospital databases; archived sera were tested for IgG and IgM against HEV, as well as HEV RNA. RESULTS Sera from 12 patients (15%) tested positive for IgG against HEV IgG; 7 of these samples did not test positive for HEV IgM or HEV RNA. Sera from 64 patients (80%) did not test positive for IgG or IgM against HEV or HEV RNA. Sera from 8 patients (10%) tested positive for HEV RNA (only 4 of these were positive for HEV IgG) and had clinical findings to support acute HEV infection. CONCLUSIONS In a hospital in Germany, approximately 10% to 15% of patients with ALF had evidence for HEV infection. Serologic tests for IgG against HEV are insufficient to identify or exclude HEV infection; tests for HEV RNA also should be performed on patients with ALF of ambiguous etiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Manka
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Lars P Bechmann
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Jason D Coombes
- Regeneration and Repair Group, Foundation for Liver Research, The Institute of Hepatology, London, United Kingdom
| | - Viktoria Thodou
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Martin Schlattjan
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Alisan Kahraman
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Wing-Kin Syn
- Regeneration and Repair Group, Foundation for Liver Research, The Institute of Hepatology, London, United Kingdom; Department of Hepatology, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Fuat Saner
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Guido Gerken
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Hideo Baba
- Institute of Pathology and Neuropathology, University Hospital, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Jens Verheyen
- Institute of Virology, University Hospital, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Jörg Timm
- Institute for Virology, Düsseldorf University Hospital, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Ali Canbay
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.
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Dechêne A, Sowa JP, Schlattjan M, Wree A, Blomeyer S, Best J, Maldonado EJ, Bechmann LP, Gerken G, Baba HA, Syn WK, Canbay A. Mini-laparoscopy guided liver biopsy increases diagnostic accuracy in acute liver failure. Digestion 2015; 90:240-7. [PMID: 25531058 DOI: 10.1159/000366517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2014] [Accepted: 08/10/2014] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS For diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of acute liver failure (ALF), macroscopic evaluation and histological assessment of the liver are important. Due to impaired coagulation in ALF, the risk of bleeding is high after a percutaneous liver biopsy. Our aims were to assess (i) safety and benefit of mini laparoscopy (ML) in patients with ALF and (ii) the potential utility of histological markers in ALF prognosis. METHODS ML was performed in 39 patients with ALF to assess liver surface and to obtain a liver biopsy. Serological markers of liver injury and immunohistochemical detection of cell death and proliferation were compared to a non-ALF group (n = 10). RESULTS Liver biopsies were successfully performed in all patients with no significant complications. All patients had markedly elevated M30 and M65 levels in the serum. In the liver, M30 and Ki67 immune-reactive cells were more abundant in those with ALF. Importantly, there were significantly more Ki67-positive cells but fewer M30-positive cells in livers of ALF patients who recovered spontaneously. CONCLUSION ML with liver biopsy in patients with ALF and severe coagulopathy is safe. Immunohistochemical detection of liver cell death and regeneration may identify individuals who would recover spontaneously or who would need a liver transplant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Dechêne
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital, University Duisburg-Essen, Germany
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Anastasiou O, Sydor S, Sowa JP, Manka P, Katsounas A, Syn WK, Führer D, Gieseler RK, Bechmann LP, Gerken G, Moeller LC, Canbay A. Higher Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone, Triiodothyronine and Thyroxine Values Are Associated with Better Outcome in Acute Liver Failure. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0132189. [PMID: 26147961 PMCID: PMC4493082 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0132189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2015] [Accepted: 06/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Changes in thyroid hormone levels, mostly as non-thyroidal illness syndrome (NTIS), have been described in many diseases. However, the relationship between acute liver failure (ALF) and thyroid hormone levels has not yet been clarified. The present study evaluates potential correlations of select thyroid functional parameters with ALF. Methods 84 consecutively recruited ALF patients were grouped according to the outcome of ALF (spontaneous recovery: SR; transplantation or death: NSR). TSH, free thyroxine (fT4), free triiodothyronine (fT3), T4, and T3 were determined. Results More than 50% of patients with ALF presented with abnormal thyroid parameters. These patients had greater risk for an adverse outcome than euthyroid patients. SR patients had significantly higher TSH, T4, and T3 concentrations than NSR patients. Albumin concentrations were significantly higher in SR than in NSR. In vitro T3 treatment was not able to rescue primary human hepatocytes from acetaminophen induced changes in mRNA expression. Conclusions In patients with ALF, TSH and total thyroid hormone levels differed significantly between SR patients and NSR patients. This might be related to diminished liver-derived transport proteins, such as albumin, in more severe forms of ALF. Thyroid parameters may serve as additional indicators of ALF severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olympia Anastasiou
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital, University Duisburg, Essen, 45122, Essen, Germany
| | - Svenja Sydor
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital, University Duisburg, Essen, 45122, Essen, Germany
| | - Jan-Peter Sowa
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital, University Duisburg, Essen, 45122, Essen, Germany
| | - Paul Manka
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital, University Duisburg, Essen, 45122, Essen, Germany
- Regeneration and Repair Group, The Institute of Hepatology, London, WC1E 6HX, United Kingdom
| | - Antonios Katsounas
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital, University Duisburg, Essen, 45122, Essen, Germany
| | - Wing-Kin Syn
- Regeneration and Repair Group, The Institute of Hepatology, London, WC1E 6HX, United Kingdom
- Liver Unit, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Dagmar Führer
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University Hospital, University Duisburg, Essen, 45122, Essen, Germany
| | - Robert K. Gieseler
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital, University Duisburg, Essen, 45122, Essen, Germany
- Rodos BioTarget GmbH, Medical Park Hannover, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Lars P. Bechmann
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital, University Duisburg, Essen, 45122, Essen, Germany
| | - Guido Gerken
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital, University Duisburg, Essen, 45122, Essen, Germany
| | - Lars C. Moeller
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University Hospital, University Duisburg, Essen, 45122, Essen, Germany
| | - Ali Canbay
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital, University Duisburg, Essen, 45122, Essen, Germany
- * E-mail:
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