1
|
Arif E, Medunjanin D, Solanki A, Zuo X, Su Y, Dang Y, Winkler B, Lerner K, Kamal AI, Palygin O, Cornier MA, Wolf BJ, Hunt KJ, Lipschutz JH. β 2-Adrenergic receptor agonists as a treatment for diabetic kidney disease. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2024; 326:F20-F29. [PMID: 37916289 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00254.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
We have previously shown that the long-acting β2-adrenergic receptor (β2-AR) agonist formoterol induced recovery from acute kidney injury in mice. To determine whether formoterol protected against diabetic nephropathy, the most common cause of end-stage kidney disease (ESKD), we used a high-fat diet (HFD), a murine type 2 diabetes model, and streptozotocin, a murine type 1 diabetes model. Following formoterol treatment, there was a marked recovery from and reversal of diabetic nephropathy in HFD mice compared with those treated with vehicle alone at the ultrastructural, histological, and functional levels. Similar results were seen after formoterol treatment in mice receiving streptozotocin. To investigate effects in humans, we performed a competing risk regression analysis with death as a competing risk to examine the association between Veterans with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), who use β2-AR agonists, and Veterans with CKD but no COPD, and progression to ESKD in a large national cohort of Veterans with stage 4 CKD between 2011 and 2013. Veterans were followed until 2016 or death. ESKD was defined as the initiation of dialysis and/or receipt of kidney transplant. We found that COPD was associated with a 25.6% reduction in progression from stage 4 CKD to ESKD compared with no COPD after adjusting for age, diabetes, sex, race-ethnicity, comorbidities, and medication use. Sensitivity analysis showed a 33.2% reduction in ESKD in Veterans with COPD taking long-acting formoterol and a 20.8% reduction in ESKD in Veterans taking other β2-AR agonists compared with those with no COPD. These data indicate that β2-AR agonists, especially formoterol, could be a treatment for diabetic nephropathy and perhaps other forms of CKD.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Diabetic nephropathy is the most common cause of ESKD. Formoterol, a long-acting β2-adrenergic receptor (β2-AR) agonist, reversed diabetic nephropathy in murine models of type 1 and 2 diabetes. In humans, there was an association with protection from progression of CKD in patients with COPD, by means of β2-AR agonist intake, compared with those without COPD. These data indicate that β2-AR agonists, especially formoterol, could be a new treatment for diabetic nephropathy and other forms of CKD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ehtesham Arif
- Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States
| | - Danira Medunjanin
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States
- Charleston Health Equity and Rural Outreach Innovation Center, Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, South Carolina, United States
| | - Ashish Solanki
- Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States
| | - Xiaofeng Zuo
- Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States
| | - Yanhui Su
- Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States
| | - Yujing Dang
- Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States
| | - Brennan Winkler
- Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States
| | - Kasey Lerner
- Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States
| | - Ahmed I Kamal
- Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States
| | - Oleg Palygin
- Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States
| | - Marc-Andre Cornier
- Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States
| | - Bethany J Wolf
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States
| | - Kelly J Hunt
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States
- Charleston Health Equity and Rural Outreach Innovation Center, Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, South Carolina, United States
| | - Joshua H Lipschutz
- Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States
- Department of Medicine, Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, South Carolina, United States
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Solanki AK, Arif E, Srivastava P, Furcht CM, Rahman B, Wen P, Singh A, Holzman LB, Fitzgibbon WR, Budisavljevic MN, Lobo GP, Kwon SH, Han Z, Lazzara MJ, Lipschutz JH, Nihalani D. Phosphorylation of slit diaphragm proteins NEPHRIN and NEPH1 upon binding of HGF promotes podocyte repair. J Biol Chem 2021; 297:101079. [PMID: 34391780 PMCID: PMC8429977 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.101079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphorylation (activation) and dephosphorylation (deactivation) of the slit diaphragm proteins NEPHRIN and NEPH1 are critical for maintaining the kidney epithelial podocyte actin cytoskeleton and, therefore, proper glomerular filtration. However, the mechanisms underlying these events remain largely unknown. Here we show that NEPHRIN and NEPH1 are novel receptor proteins for hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and can be phosphorylated independently of the mesenchymal epithelial transition receptor in a ligand-dependent fashion through engagement of their extracellular domains by HGF. Furthermore, we demonstrate SH2 domain–containing protein tyrosine phosphatase-2–dependent dephosphorylation of these proteins. To establish HGF as a ligand, purified baculovirus-expressed NEPHRIN and NEPH1 recombinant proteins were used in surface plasma resonance binding experiments. We report high-affinity interactions of NEPHRIN and NEPH1 with HGF, although NEPHRIN binding was 20-fold higher than that of NEPH1. In addition, using molecular modeling we constructed peptides that were used to map specific HGF-binding regions in the extracellular domains of NEPHRIN and NEPH1. Finally, using an in vitro model of cultured podocytes and an ex vivo model of Drosophila nephrocytes, as well as chemically induced injury models, we demonstrated that HGF-induced phosphorylation of NEPHRIN and NEPH1 is centrally involved in podocyte repair. Taken together, this is the first study demonstrating a receptor-based function for NEPHRIN and NEPH1. This has important biological and clinical implications for the repair of injured podocytes and the maintenance of podocyte integrity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ashish K Solanki
- Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Ehtesham Arif
- Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Pankaj Srivastava
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Christopher M Furcht
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Bushra Rahman
- Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Pei Wen
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Avinash Singh
- Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Lawrence B Holzman
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Wayne R Fitzgibbon
- Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Milos N Budisavljevic
- Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Glenn P Lobo
- Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Sang-Ho Kwon
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
| | - Zhe Han
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Matthew J Lazzara
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Joshua H Lipschutz
- Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA; Department of Medicine, Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, South Carolina, USA.
| | - Deepak Nihalani
- Division of Kidney, Urologic and Hematologic Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Arif E, Wang C, Swiderska-Syn MK, Solanki AK, Rahman B, Manka PP, Coombes JD, Canbay A, Papa S, Nihalani D, Aspichueta P, Lipschutz JH, Syn WK. Targeting myosin 1c inhibits murine hepatic fibrogenesis. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2021; 320:G1044-G1053. [PMID: 33908271 PMCID: PMC8285590 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00105.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Myosin 1c (Myo1c) is an unconventional myosin that modulates signaling pathways involved in tissue injury and repair. In this study, we observed that Myo1c expression is significantly upregulated in human chronic liver disease such as nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and in animal models of liver fibrosis. High throughput data from the GEO-database identified similar Myo1c upregulation in mice and human liver fibrosis. Notably, transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) stimulation to hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), the liver pericyte and key cell type responsible for the deposition of extracellular matrix, upregulates Myo1c expression, whereas genetic depletion or pharmacological inhibition of Myo1c blunted TGF-β-induced fibrogenic responses, resulting in repression of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and collagen type I α 1 chain (Col1α1) mRNA. Myo1c deletion also decreased fibrogenic processes such as cell proliferation, wound healing response, and contractility when compared with vehicle-treated HSCs. Importantly, phosphorylation of mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 2 (SMAD2) and mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 3 (SMAD3) were significantly blunted upon Myo1c inhibition in GRX cells as well as Myo1c knockout (Myo1c-KO) mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) upon TGF-β stimulation. Using the genetic Myo1c-KO mice, we confirmed that Myo1c is critical for fibrogenesis, as Myo1c-KO mice were resistant to carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced liver fibrosis. Histological and immunostaining analysis of liver sections showed that deposition of collagen fibers and α-SMA expression were significantly reduced in Myo1c-KO mice upon liver injury. Collectively, these results demonstrate that Myo1c mediates hepatic fibrogenesis by modulating TGF-β signaling and suggest that inhibiting this process may have clinical application in treating liver fibrosis.NEW & NOTEWORTHY The incidences of liver fibrosis are growing at a rapid pace and have become one of the leading causes of end-stage liver disease. Although TGF-β1 is known to play a prominent role in transforming cells to produce excessive extracellular matrix that lead to hepatic fibrosis, the therapies targeting TGF-β1 have achieved very limited clinical impact. This study highlights motor protein myosin-1c-mediated mechanisms that serve as novel regulators of TGF-β1 signaling and fibrosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ehtesham Arif
- 1Department of Medicine, Nephrology Division, Medical University of South Carolinagrid.259828.c, Charleston, South Carolina,2Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Cindy Wang
- 2Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Marzena K. Swiderska-Syn
- 3Department of Pediatrics, Darby Children’s Research Institute,
Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Ashish K. Solanki
- 1Department of Medicine, Nephrology Division, Medical University of South Carolinagrid.259828.c, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Bushra Rahman
- 1Department of Medicine, Nephrology Division, Medical University of South Carolinagrid.259828.c, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Paul P. Manka
- 2Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina,4Department of Medicine, University Hospital Knappschaftskrankenhaus, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Jason D. Coombes
- 5Institute of Hepatology, Foundation for Liver Research, London, United Kingdom,6School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ali Canbay
- 4Department of Medicine, University Hospital Knappschaftskrankenhaus, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Salvatore Papa
- 7Leeds Institute of Medical Research at St. James’s, Faculty of
Medicine and Health, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Deepak Nihalani
- 1Department of Medicine, Nephrology Division, Medical University of South Carolinagrid.259828.c, Charleston, South Carolina,8Division of Kidney, Urologic and Hematologic Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Patricia Aspichueta
- 9Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country, Universidad del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain
| | - Joshua H. Lipschutz
- 1Department of Medicine, Nephrology Division, Medical University of South Carolinagrid.259828.c, Charleston, South Carolina,10Section of Nephrology, Ralph H Johnson Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Wing-Kin Syn
- 2Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina,9Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country, Universidad del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain,11Section of Gastroenterology, Ralph H Johnson Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, South Carolina
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Solanki AK, Biswal MR, Walterhouse S, Martin R, Kondkar AA, Knölker HJ, Rahman B, Arif E, Husain S, Montezuma SR, Nihalani D, Lobo GP. Loss of Motor Protein MYO1C Causes Rhodopsin Mislocalization and Results in Impaired Visual Function. Cells 2021; 10:cells10061322. [PMID: 34073294 PMCID: PMC8229726 DOI: 10.3390/cells10061322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Unconventional myosins, linked to deafness, are also proposed to play a role in retinal cell physiology. However, their direct role in photoreceptor function remains unclear. We demonstrate that systemic loss of the unconventional myosin MYO1C in mice, specifically causes rhodopsin mislocalization, leading to impaired visual function. Electroretinogram analysis of Myo1c knockout (Myo1c-KO) mice showed a progressive loss of photoreceptor function. Immunohistochemistry and binding assays demonstrated MYO1C localization to photoreceptor inner and outer segments (OS) and identified a direct interaction of rhodopsin with MYO1C. In Myo1c-KO retinas, rhodopsin mislocalized to rod inner segments (IS) and cell bodies, while cone opsins in OS showed punctate staining. In aged mice, the histological and ultrastructural examination of the phenotype of Myo1c-KO retinas showed progressively shorter photoreceptor OS. These results demonstrate that MYO1C is important for rhodopsin localization to the photoreceptor OS, and for normal visual function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ashish K. Solanki
- Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA; (A.K.S.); (S.W.); (B.R.); (E.A.)
| | - Manas R. Biswal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Taneja College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA;
| | - Stephen Walterhouse
- Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA; (A.K.S.); (S.W.); (B.R.); (E.A.)
| | - René Martin
- Faculty of Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Bergstraße 66, 01069 Dresden, Germany; (R.M.); (H.-J.K.)
| | - Altaf A. Kondkar
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11411, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Hans-Joachim Knölker
- Faculty of Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Bergstraße 66, 01069 Dresden, Germany; (R.M.); (H.-J.K.)
| | - Bushra Rahman
- Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA; (A.K.S.); (S.W.); (B.R.); (E.A.)
| | - Ehtesham Arif
- Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA; (A.K.S.); (S.W.); (B.R.); (E.A.)
| | - Shahid Husain
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA;
| | - Sandra R. Montezuma
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Neurosciences, University of Minnesota, 516 Delaware Street S.E., 9th Floor, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA;
| | - Deepak Nihalani
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), National Institutes of Health, Bldg. 2DEM, Room 6085, 6707 Democracy Blvd., Bethesda, MD 20817, USA
- Correspondence: (D.N.); (G.P.L.)
| | - Glenn Prazere Lobo
- Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA; (A.K.S.); (S.W.); (B.R.); (E.A.)
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA;
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Neurosciences, Lions Research Building, University of Minnesota, 2001 6th Street S.E., Room 225, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
- Correspondence: (D.N.); (G.P.L.)
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Lombardi AA, Gibb AA, Arif E, Kolmetzky DW, Tomar D, Luongo TS, Jadiya P, Murray EK, Lorkiewicz PK, Hajnóczky G, Murphy E, Arany ZP, Kelly DP, Margulies KB, Hill BG, Elrod JW. Mitochondrial calcium exchange links metabolism with the epigenome to control cellular differentiation. Nat Commun 2019; 10:4509. [PMID: 31586055 PMCID: PMC6778142 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-12103-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibroblast to myofibroblast differentiation is crucial for the initial healing response but excessive myofibroblast activation leads to pathological fibrosis. Therefore, it is imperative to understand the mechanisms underlying myofibroblast formation. Here we report that mitochondrial calcium (mCa2+) signaling is a regulatory mechanism in myofibroblast differentiation and fibrosis. We demonstrate that fibrotic signaling alters gating of the mitochondrial calcium uniporter (mtCU) in a MICU1-dependent fashion to reduce mCa2+ uptake and induce coordinated changes in metabolism, i.e., increased glycolysis feeding anabolic pathways and glutaminolysis yielding increased α-ketoglutarate (αKG) bioavailability. mCa2+-dependent metabolic reprogramming leads to the activation of αKG-dependent histone demethylases, enhancing chromatin accessibility in loci specific to the myofibroblast gene program, resulting in differentiation. Our results uncover an important role for the mtCU beyond metabolic regulation and cell death and demonstrate that mCa2+ signaling regulates the epigenome to influence cellular differentiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa A Lombardi
- Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Andrew A Gibb
- Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Ehtesham Arif
- Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Devin W Kolmetzky
- Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Dhanendra Tomar
- Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Timothy S Luongo
- Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Pooja Jadiya
- Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Emma K Murray
- Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Pawel K Lorkiewicz
- Department of Medicine, Institute of Molecular Cardiology, Diabetes and Obesity Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - György Hajnóczky
- Department of Pathology Anatomy and Cell Biology, MitoCare Center for Mitochondrial Imaging Research and Diagnostics, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
| | - Elizabeth Murphy
- Systems Biology Center, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Zoltan P Arany
- Translational Research Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19014, USA
| | - Daniel P Kelly
- Translational Research Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19014, USA
| | - Kenneth B Margulies
- Translational Research Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19014, USA
| | - Bradford G Hill
- Department of Medicine, Institute of Molecular Cardiology, Diabetes and Obesity Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - John W Elrod
- Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Solanki AK, Widmeier E, Arif E, Sharma S, Daga A, Srivastava P, Kwon SH, Hugo H, Nakayama M, Mann N, Majmundar AJ, Tan W, Gee HY, Sadowski CE, Rinat C, Becker-Cohen R, Bergmann C, Rosen S, Somers M, Shril S, Huber TB, Mane S, Hildebrandt F, Nihalani D. Mutations in KIRREL1, a slit diaphragm component, cause steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome. Kidney Int 2019; 96:883-889. [PMID: 31472902 PMCID: PMC6756928 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2019.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Revised: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome is a frequent cause of chronic kidney disease almost inevitably progressing to end-stage renal disease. More than 58 monogenic causes of SRNS have been discovered and majority of known steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome causing genes are predominantly expressed in glomerular podocytes, placing them at the center of disease pathogenesis. Herein, we describe two unrelated families with steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome with homozygous mutations in the KIRREL1 gene. One mutation showed high frequency in the European population (minor allele frequency 0.0011) and this patient achieved complete remission following treatment, but later progressed to chronic kidney disease. We found that mutant KIRREL1 proteins failed to localize to the podocyte cell membrane, indicating defective trafficking and impaired podocytes function. Thus, the KIRREL1 gene product has an important role in modulating the integrity of the slit diaphragm and maintaining glomerular filtration function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ashish K Solanki
- Department of Medicine, Nephrology Division, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Eugen Widmeier
- Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Medicine IV, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ehtesham Arif
- Department of Medicine, Nephrology Division, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Shailza Sharma
- Department of Medicine, Nephrology Division, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Ankana Daga
- Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Pankaj Srivastava
- Department of Medicine, Nephrology Division, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Sang-Ho Kwon
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
| | - Hannah Hugo
- Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Makiko Nakayama
- Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Nina Mann
- Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Amar J Majmundar
- Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Wei Tan
- Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Heon Yung Gee
- Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Brain Korea 21 Program for Leading Universities & Students (PLUS) Project for Medical Sciences, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Caroline E Sadowski
- Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Choni Rinat
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, The Hadassah-Hebrew University School of Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Rachel Becker-Cohen
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, The Hadassah-Hebrew University School of Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Carsten Bergmann
- Department of Medicine IV, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Seymour Rosen
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Michael Somers
- Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Shirlee Shril
- Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Tobias B Huber
- Department of Medicine IV, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; III Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; Biological Signalling Studies (BIOSS) Center for Biological Signaling Studies, Albert-Ludwigs-University, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Shrikant Mane
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Friedhelm Hildebrandt
- Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
| | - Deepak Nihalani
- Department of Medicine, Nephrology Division, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Abstract
Beta2-adrenergic receptor (β2 -AR) is a G-protein-coupled adrenergic receptor family member, whose clinical significance has been extensively investigated in lung, cardiovascular and muscular diseases, but its role in kidney biology remains understudied. In this review, we discuss some of the recent studies, where the effect of agonist/antagonist-mediated activation/inhibition of β2 -AR on disease pathogenesis process was studied, and highlighted the role of β2 -AR in kidney biology. The expression of β2 -AR has been noted in many kidney subunits including proximal tubules, glomeruli and podocytes. In vivo studies have shown that in cultured proximal tubules β2 -AR is involved in Na-ATPase activity and transcellular Na-transport through protein kinase-C activation; whereas in cultured podocytes, it was associated with depolarization of the membrane. The animal studies further revealed that β2 -AR activation by short-acting β2 agonists attenuated monocyte activation, pro-inflammatory and pro-fibrotic responses through β-arrestin2 dependent NF-kB inactivation in diabetic kidney disease; in contrast, activation by long-acting β2 agonists restored mitochondrial and renal function in the acute kidney injury mice models through PGC-1α dependent mitochondrial biogenesis. In conclusion, the activation of β2 -AR may present a rapidly developing therapeutic target for renal diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ehtesham Arif
- Department of Medicine, Nephrology Division, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Deepak Nihalani
- Department of Medicine, Nephrology Division, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Arif E, Solanki AK, Srivastava P, Rahman B, Fitzgibbon WR, Deng P, Budisavljevic MN, Baicu CF, Zile MR, Megyesi J, Janech MG, Kwon SH, Collier J, Schnellmann RG, Nihalani D. Mitochondrial biogenesis induced by the β2-adrenergic receptor agonist formoterol accelerates podocyte recovery from glomerular injury. Kidney Int 2019; 96:656-673. [PMID: 31262488 PMCID: PMC6708766 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2019.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2019] [Revised: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Podocytes have limited ability to recover from injury. Here, we demonstrate that increased mitochondrial biogenesis, to meet the metabolic and energy demand of a cell, accelerates podocyte recovery from injury. Analysis of events induced during podocyte injury and recovery showed marked upregulation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α), a transcriptional co-activator of mitochondrial biogenesis, and key components of the mitochondrial electron transport chain. To evaluate our hypothesis that increasing mitochondrial biogenesis enhanced podocyte recovery from injury, we treated injured podocytes with formoterol, a potent, specific, and long-acting β2-adrenergic receptor agonist that induces mitochondrial biogenesis in vitro and in vivo. Formoterol increased mitochondrial biogenesis and restored mitochondrial morphology and the injury-induced changes to the organization of the actin cytoskeleton in podocytes. Importantly, β2-adrenergic receptors were found to be present on podocyte membranes. Their knockdown attenuated formoterol-induced mitochondrial biogenesis. To determine the potential clinical relevance of these findings, mouse models of acute nephrotoxic serum nephritis and chronic (Adriamycin [doxorubicin]) glomerulopathy were used. Mice were treated with formoterol post-injury when glomerular dysfunction was established. Strikingly, formoterol accelerated the recovery of glomerular function by reducing proteinuria and ameliorating kidney pathology. Furthermore, formoterol treatment reduced cellular apoptosis and increased the expression of the mitochondrial biogenesis marker PGC-1α and multiple electron transport chain proteins. Thus, our results support β2-adrenergic receptors as novel therapeutic targets and formoterol as a therapeutic compound for treating podocytopathies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ehtesham Arif
- Department of Medicine, Nephrology Division, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Ashish K Solanki
- Department of Medicine, Nephrology Division, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Pankaj Srivastava
- Department of Medicine, Nephrology Division, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Bushra Rahman
- Department of Medicine, Nephrology Division, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Wayne R Fitzgibbon
- Department of Medicine, Nephrology Division, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Peifeng Deng
- Department of Medicine, Nephrology Division, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Milos N Budisavljevic
- Department of Medicine, Nephrology Division, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Catalin F Baicu
- Division of Cardiology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA; Ralph H. Johnson VA Medical Center, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Michael R Zile
- Division of Cardiology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA; Ralph H. Johnson VA Medical Center, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Judit Megyesi
- John C McClelland VA Hospital, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | | | - Sang-Ho Kwon
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
| | - Justin Collier
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Rick G Schnellmann
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA; Southern Arizona VA Health Care System, Tucson, Arizona, USA.
| | - Deepak Nihalani
- Department of Medicine, Nephrology Division, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Nihalani D, Solanki AK, Arif E, Srivastava P, Rahman B, Zuo X, Dang Y, Fogelgren B, Fermin D, Gillies CE, Sampson MG, Lipschutz JH. Disruption of the exocyst induces podocyte loss and dysfunction. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:10104-10119. [PMID: 31073028 PMCID: PMC6664173 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.008362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Revised: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the slit diaphragm proteins in podocytes are uniquely organized to maintain glomerular filtration assembly and function, little is known about the underlying mechanisms that participate in trafficking these proteins to the correct location for development and homeostasis. Identifying these mechanisms will likely provide novel targets for therapeutic intervention to preserve podocyte function following glomerular injury. Analysis of structural variation in cases of human nephrotic syndrome identified rare heterozygous deletions of EXOC4 in two patients. This suggested that disruption of the highly-conserved eight-protein exocyst trafficking complex could have a role in podocyte dysfunction. Indeed, mRNA profiling of injured podocytes identified significant exocyst down-regulation. To test the hypothesis that the exocyst is centrally involved in podocyte development/function, we generated homozygous podocyte-specific Exoc5 (a central exocyst component that interacts with Exoc4) knockout mice that showed massive proteinuria and died within 4 weeks of birth. Histological and ultrastructural analysis of these mice showed severe glomerular defects with increased fibrosis, proteinaceous casts, effaced podocytes, and loss of the slit diaphragm. Immunofluorescence analysis revealed that Neph1 and Nephrin, major slit diaphragm constituents, were mislocalized and/or lost. mRNA profiling of Exoc5 knockdown podocytes showed that vesicular trafficking was the most affected cellular event. Mapping of signaling pathways and Western blot analysis revealed significant up-regulation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase and transforming growth factor-β pathways in Exoc5 knockdown podocytes and in the glomeruli of podocyte-specific Exoc5 KO mice. Based on these data, we propose that exocyst-based mechanisms regulate Neph1 and Nephrin signaling and trafficking, and thus podocyte development and function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Deepak Nihalani
- From the Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina 29425,
| | - Ashish K Solanki
- From the Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina 29425
| | - Ehtesham Arif
- From the Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina 29425
| | - Pankaj Srivastava
- From the Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina 29425
| | - Bushra Rahman
- From the Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina 29425
| | - Xiaofeng Zuo
- From the Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina 29425
| | - Yujing Dang
- From the Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina 29425
| | - Ben Fogelgren
- the Department of Anatomy, Biochemistry, and Physiology, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii 96813
| | | | | | - Matthew G Sampson
- the Department of Pediatrics-Nephrology and.,Center for Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, and
| | - Joshua H Lipschutz
- From the Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina 29425.,the Department of Medicine, Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, South Carolina 29401
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Arif E, Solanki AK, Srivastava P, Rahman B, Tash BR, Holzman LB, Janech MG, Martin R, Knölker HJ, Fitzgibbon WR, Deng P, Budisavljevic MN, Syn WK, Wang C, Lipschutz JH, Kwon SH, Nihalani D. The motor protein Myo1c regulates transforming growth factor-β-signaling and fibrosis in podocytes. Kidney Int 2019; 96:139-158. [PMID: 31097328 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2019.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Revised: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) is known to play a critical role in the pathogenesis of many progressive podocyte diseases. However, the molecular mechanisms regulating TGF-β signaling in podocytes remain unclear. Using a podocyte-specific myosin (Myo)1c knockout, we demonstrate whether Myo1c is critical for TGF-β-signaling in podocyte disease pathogenesis. Specifically, podocyte-specific Myo1c knockout mice were resistant to fibrotic injury induced by Adriamycin or nephrotoxic serum. Further, loss of Myo1c also protected from injury in the TGF-β-dependent unilateral ureteral obstruction mouse model of renal interstitial fibrosis. Mechanistic analyses showed that loss of Myo1c significantly blunted TGF-β signaling through downregulation of canonical and non-canonical TGF-β pathways. Interestingly, nuclear rather than the cytoplasmic Myo1c was found to play a central role in controlling TGF-β signaling through transcriptional regulation. Differential expression analysis of nuclear Myo1c-associated gene promoters showed that nuclear Myo1c targeted the TGF-β responsive gene growth differentiation factor (GDF)-15 and directly bound to the GDF-15 promoter. Importantly, GDF15 was found to be involved in podocyte pathogenesis, where GDF15 was upregulated in glomeruli of patients with focal segmental glomerulosclerosis. Thus, Myo1c-mediated regulation of TGF-β-responsive genes is central to the pathogenesis of podocyte injury. Hence, inhibiting this process may have clinical application in treating podocytopathies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ehtesham Arif
- Department of Medicine, Nephrology Division, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Ashish K Solanki
- Department of Medicine, Nephrology Division, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Pankaj Srivastava
- Department of Medicine, Nephrology Division, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Bushra Rahman
- Department of Medicine, Nephrology Division, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Brian R Tash
- Department of Medicine, Renal Electrolyte and Hypertension Division, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Lawrence B Holzman
- Department of Medicine, Renal Electrolyte and Hypertension Division, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Michael G Janech
- Department of Medicine, Nephrology Division, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA; College of Charleston, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - René Martin
- Department of Chemistry, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | | | - Wayne R Fitzgibbon
- Department of Medicine, Nephrology Division, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Peifeng Deng
- Department of Medicine, Nephrology Division, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Milos N Budisavljevic
- Department of Medicine, Nephrology Division, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Wing-Kin Syn
- Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA; Section of Gastroenterology, Ralph H Johnson VA Medical Center, Charleston, South Carolina, USA; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country, (UPV/EHU), Vizcaya, Spain
| | - Cindy Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Joshua H Lipschutz
- Department of Medicine, Nephrology Division, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Sang-Ho Kwon
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
| | - Deepak Nihalani
- Department of Medicine, Nephrology Division, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Srivastava P, Solanki AK, Arif E, Wolf BJ, Janech MG, Budisavljevic MN, Kwon SH, Nihalani D. Development of a novel cell-based assay to diagnose recurrent focal segmental glomerulosclerosis patients. Kidney Int 2019; 95:708-716. [PMID: 30709661 PMCID: PMC6396290 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2018.10.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Revised: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Definitive diagnosis of glomerular disease requires a kidney biopsy, an invasive procedure that may not be safe or feasible to perform in all patients. We developed a noninvasive, accurate, and economical diagnostic assay with easy commercial adaptability to detect recurrent focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (rFSGS) after kidney transplant. Since FSGS involves podocyte damage and death, our approach involved mRNA profiling of cultured podocytes treated with plasma from patients with rFSGS to identify upregulated genes involved in podocyte damage. For concept validation, three upregulated pro-apoptotic candidate genes (IL1β, BMF, and IGFBP3) were selected, and their promoter regions were cloned into a luciferase-based reporter vector and transfected into podocytes to generate stable podocyte cell lines. Strikingly, when exposed to rFSGS patient plasma, these cell lines showed increased reporter activity; in contrast, no reporter activity was noted with plasma from patients with non-recurrent FSGS or membranous nephropathy. Area under the receiver operating characteristics curves (AUCs) for models discriminating between rFSGS and other nephropathies (non-recurrent FSGS and membranous nephropathy) and between rFSGS and non-recurrent FSGS ranged from 0.81 to 0.86, respectively. Estimated sensitivities and specificities for the diagnosis of rFSGS were greater than 80% for the IL1β and BMF cell lines, and were slightly lower for the IGFBP3 cell line. Importantly, the novel approach outlined here for the diagnosis of rFSGS is widely applicable to the design of sensitive and specific diagnostic/prognostic assays for other glomerular diseases.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/genetics
- Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/metabolism
- Biological Assay/methods
- Cell Line
- Diagnosis, Differential
- Gene Expression Profiling
- Genes, Reporter
- Glomerulosclerosis, Focal Segmental/blood
- Glomerulosclerosis, Focal Segmental/complications
- Glomerulosclerosis, Focal Segmental/diagnosis
- Humans
- Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 3/genetics
- Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 3/metabolism
- Interleukin-1beta/genetics
- Interleukin-1beta/metabolism
- Kidney Failure, Chronic/etiology
- Kidney Failure, Chronic/surgery
- Kidney Transplantation
- Luciferases/genetics
- Plasma/metabolism
- Podocytes/metabolism
- Promoter Regions, Genetic/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- RNA-Seq
- ROC Curve
- Recurrence
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pankaj Srivastava
- Department of Medicine, Nephrology Division, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Ashish K Solanki
- Department of Medicine, Nephrology Division, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Ehtesham Arif
- Department of Medicine, Nephrology Division, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Bethany J Wolf
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Michael G Janech
- Department of Medicine, Nephrology Division, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA; College of Charleston, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Milos N Budisavljevic
- Department of Medicine, Nephrology Division, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA; Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Sang-Ho Kwon
- Department of Medicine, Nephrology Division, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA; Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
| | - Deepak Nihalani
- Department of Medicine, Nephrology Division, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Solanki AK, Arif E, Morinelli T, Wilson RC, Hardiman G, Deng P, Arthur JM, Velez JC, Nihalani D, Janech MG, Budisavljevic MN. A Novel CLCN5 Mutation Associated With Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis and Podocyte Injury. Kidney Int Rep 2018; 3:1443-1453. [PMID: 30426109 PMCID: PMC6224352 DOI: 10.1016/j.ekir.2018.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Revised: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 06/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Tubular dysfunction is characteristic of Dent’s disease; however, focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) can also be present. Glomerulosclerosis could be secondary to tubular injury, but it remains uncertain whether the CLCN5 gene, which encodes an endosomal chloride and/or hydrogen exchanger, plays a role in podocyte biology. Here, we implicate a role for CLCN5 in podocyte function and pathophysiology. Methods Whole exome capture and sequencing of the proband and 5 maternally-related family members was conducted to identify X-linked mutations associated with biopsy-proven FSGS. Human podocyte cultures were used to characterize the mutant phenotype on podocyte function. Results We identified a novel mutation (L521F) in CLCN5 in 2 members of a Hispanic family who presented with a histologic diagnosis of FSGS and low-molecular-weight proteinuria without hypercalciuria. Presence of CLCN5 was confirmed in cultured human podocytes. Podocytes transfected with the wild-type or the mutant (L521F) CLCN5 constructs showed differential localization. CLCN5 knockdown in podocytes resulted in defective transferrin endocytosis and was associated with decreased cell proliferation and increased cell migration, which are hallmarks of podocyte injury. Conclusions The CLCN5 mutation, which causes Dent’s disease, may be associated with FSGS without hyercalcuria and nepthrolithiasis. The present findings supported the hypothesis that CLCN5 participates in protein trafficking in podocytes and plays a critical role in organizing the components of the podocyte slit diaphragm to help maintain normal cell physiology and a functional filtration barrier. In addition to tubular dysfunction, mutations in CLCN5 may also lead to podocyte dysfunction, which results in a histologic picture of FSGS that may be a primary event and not a consequence of tubular damage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ashish K Solanki
- Department of Medicine, Nephrology Division, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Ehtesham Arif
- Department of Medicine, Nephrology Division, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Thomas Morinelli
- Division of Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Robert C Wilson
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Gary Hardiman
- Department of Medicine, Nephrology Division, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA.,MUSC Bioinformatics, Center for Genomics Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA.,Department of Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Peifeng Deng
- Department of Medicine, Nephrology Division, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - John M Arthur
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Juan Cq Velez
- Department of Nephrology, Ochsner Clinic Foundation, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Deepak Nihalani
- Department of Medicine, Nephrology Division, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Michael G Janech
- Department of Medicine, Nephrology Division, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Milos N Budisavljevic
- Department of Medicine, Nephrology Division, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA.,Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Lee HW, Arif E, Altintas MM, Quick K, Maheshwari S, Plezia A, Mahmood A, Reiser J, Nihalani D, Gupta V. High-content screening assay-based discovery of paullones as novel podocyte-protective agents. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2017; 314:F280-F292. [PMID: 29046299 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00338.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Podocyte dysfunction and loss is an early event and a hallmark of proteinuric kidney diseases. A podocyte's normal function is maintained via its unique cellular architecture that relies on an intracellular network of filaments, including filamentous actin (F-actin) and microtubules, that provides mechanical support. Damage to this filamentous network leads to changes in cellular morphology and results in podocyte injury, dysfunction, and death. Conversely, stabilization of this network protects podocytes and ameliorates proteinuria. This suggests that stabilization of podocyte architecture via its filamentous network could be a key therapeutic strategy for proteinuric kidney diseases. However, development of podocyte-directed therapeutics, especially those that target the cell's filamentous network, is still lacking, partly because of unavailability of appropriate cellular assays for use in a drug discovery environment. Here, we describe a new high-content screening-based methodology and its implementation on podocytes to identify paullone derivatives as a novel group of podocyte-protective compounds. We find that three compounds, i.e., kenpaullone, 1-azakenpaullone, and alsterpaullone, dose dependently protect podocytes from puromycin aminonucleoside (PAN)-mediated injury in vitro by reducing PAN-induced changes in both the filamentous actin and microtubules, with alsterpaullone providing maximal protection. Mechanistic studies further show that alsterpaullone suppressed PAN-induced activation of signaling downstream of GSK3β and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase. In vivo it reduced ADR-induced glomerular injury in a zebrafish model. Together, these results identify paullone derivatives as novel podocyte-protective agents for future therapeutic development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ha Won Lee
- Drug Discovery Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center , Chicago, Illinois
| | - Ehtesham Arif
- Department of Medicine, Nephrology Division, Medical University of South Carolina , Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Mehmet M Altintas
- Drug Discovery Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center , Chicago, Illinois
| | - Kevin Quick
- PerkinElmer Life Sciences, Waltham, Massachusetts
| | - Shrey Maheshwari
- Drug Discovery Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center , Chicago, Illinois
| | - Alexandra Plezia
- Drug Discovery Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center , Chicago, Illinois
| | - Aqsa Mahmood
- Drug Discovery Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center , Chicago, Illinois
| | - Jochen Reiser
- Drug Discovery Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center , Chicago, Illinois
| | - Deepak Nihalani
- Department of Medicine, Nephrology Division, Medical University of South Carolina , Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Vineet Gupta
- Drug Discovery Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center , Chicago, Illinois
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Chelu MG, King JB, Kholmovski EG, Ma J, Gal P, Kaur G, Silver MA, Johnson KA, Suksaranjit P, Wilson BD, Han FT, Arif E, Marrouche NF. 1364LGE-MRI atrial fibrosis predicts 5 year outcome of atrial fibrillation ablation. Europace 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/ehjci/eux157.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
|
15
|
Velez JCQ, Arif E, Rodgers J, Hicks MP, Arthur JM, Nihalani D, Bruner ET, Budisavljevic MN, Atkinson C, Fitzgibbon WR, Janech MG. Deficiency of the Angiotensinase Aminopeptidase A Increases Susceptibility to Glomerular Injury. J Am Soc Nephrol 2017; 28:2119-2132. [PMID: 28202497 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2016111166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Aminopeptidase A (APA) is expressed in glomerular podocytes and tubular epithelia and metabolizes angiotensin II (AngII), a peptide known to promote glomerulosclerosis. In this study, we tested whether APA expression changes in response to progressive nephron loss or whether APA exerts a protective role against glomerular damage and during AngII-mediated hypertensive kidney injury. At advanced stages of FSGS, fawn-hooded hypertensive rat kidneys exhibited distinctly increased APA staining in areas of intact glomerular capillary loops. Moreover, BALB/c APA-knockout (KO) mice injected with a nephrotoxic serum showed persistent glomerular hyalinosis and albuminuria 96 hours after injection, whereas wild-type controls achieved virtually full recovery. We then tested the effect of 4-week infusion of AngII (400 ng/kg per minute) in APA-KO and wild-type mice. Although we observed no significant difference in achieved systolic BP, AngII-treated APA-KO mice developed a significant rise in albuminuria not observed in AngII-treated wild-type mice along with increased segmental and global sclerosis and/or collapse of juxtamedullary glomeruli, microcystic tubular dilation, and tubulointerstitial fibrosis. In parallel, AngII treatment significantly increased the kidney AngII content and attenuated the expression of podocyte nephrin in APA-KO mice but not in wild-type controls. These data show that deficiency of APA increases susceptibility to glomerular injury in BALB/c mice. The augmented AngII-mediated kidney injury observed in association with increased intrarenal AngII accumulation in the absence of APA suggests a protective metabolizing role of APA in AngII-mediated glomerular diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Carlos Q Velez
- Department of Nephrology, Ochsner Clinic Foundation, New Orleans, Louisiana;
| | | | | | - Megan P Hicks
- Institute of Public and Preventative Health, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia; and
| | - John M Arthur
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas
| | | | | | | | - Carl Atkinson
- Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Lombardi AA, Arif E, Luongo TS, Elrod JW. Genetic Ablation of Fibroblast Mitochondrial Calcium Uptake Increases Myofibroblast Transdifferentiation and Exacerbates Fibrosis in Myocardial Infarction. Biophys J 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2016.11.558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
|
17
|
Affiliation(s)
- Ehtesham Arif
- Nephrology Division, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Ashish K Solanki
- Nephrology Division, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Deepak Nihalani
- Nephrology Division, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Rathore Y, Arif E, Nihalani D, Ashish FNU. Study of complex and macro‐molecular systems using small angle x‐ray scattering (593.1). FASEB J 2014. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.28.1_supplement.593.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yogendra Rathore
- G.N.Ramachandran advanced protein cente Institute of Microbial TechnologyChandigarhIndia
- Renal Electrolyte and Hypertension Division University of PennsylvaniaPHILADELPHIAPAUnited States
| | - Ehtesham Arif
- Renal Electrolyte and Hypertension Division University of PennsylvaniaPHILADELPHIAPAUnited States
| | - Deepak Nihalani
- Renal Electrolyte and Hypertension Division University of PennsylvaniaPHILADELPHIAPAUnited States
| | - FNU Ashish
- G.N.Ramachandran advanced protein cente Institute of Microbial TechnologyChandigarhIndia
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Arif E, Rathore YS, Kumari B, Ashish F, Wong HN, Holzman LB, Nihalani D. Slit diaphragm protein Neph1 and its signaling: a novel therapeutic target for protection of podocytes against glomerular injury. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:9502-18. [PMID: 24554715 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.505743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Podocytes are specialized epithelial cells that are critical components of the glomerular filtration barrier, and their dysfunction leads to proteinuria and renal failure. Therefore, preserving podocyte function is therapeutically significant. In this study, we identified Neph1 signaling as a therapeutic target that upon inhibition prevented podocyte damage from a glomerular injury-inducing agent puromycin aminonucleoside (PAN). To specifically inhibit Neph1 signaling, we used a protein transduction approach, where the cytoplasmic domain of Neph1 (Neph1CD) tagged with a protein transduction domain trans-activator of transcription was transduced in cultured podocytes prior to treatment with PAN. The PAN-induced Neph1 phosphorylation was significantly reduced in Neph1CD-transduced cells; in addition, these cells were resistant to PAN-induced cytoskeletal damage. The biochemical analysis using subfractionation studies showed that unlike control cells Neph1 was retained in the lipid raft fractions in the transduced cells following treatment with PAN, indicating that transduction of Neph1CD in podocytes prevented PAN-induced mislocalization of Neph1. In accordance, the immunofluorescence analysis further suggested that Neph1CD-transduced cells had increased ability to retain endogenous Neph1 at the membrane in response to PAN-induced injury. Similar results were obtained when angiotensin was used as an injury-inducing agent. Consistent with these observations, maintaining high levels of Neph1 at the membrane using a podocyte cell line overexpressing chimeric Neph1 increased the ability of podocytes to resist PAN-induced injury and PAN-induced albumin leakage. Using a zebrafish in vivo PAN and adriamycin injury models, we further demonstrated the ability of transduced Neph1CD to preserve glomerular function. Collectively, these results support the conclusion that inhibiting Neph1 signaling is therapeutically significant in preventing podocyte damage from glomerular injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ehtesham Arif
- From the Renal Electrolyte and Hypertension Division, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104 and
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Arif E, Kumari B, Wagner MC, Zhou W, Holzman LB, Nihalani D. Myo1c is an unconventional myosin required for zebrafish glomerular development. Kidney Int 2013; 84:1154-65. [PMID: 23715127 PMCID: PMC3844053 DOI: 10.1038/ki.2013.201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2012] [Revised: 03/14/2013] [Accepted: 03/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The targeting and organization of podocyte slit diaphragm proteins nephrin and neph1 is critical for development and maintenance of a functional glomerular filtration barrier. Myo1c is a non-muscle myosin motor protein that interacts directly with nephrin and neph1 and mediates their intracellular transport to the podocyte intercellular junction. Here we investigated the necessity of Myo1c in podocyte development using zebrafish as a model system. Immunofluorescence microscopy and in situ RNA hybridization analysis of zebrafish embryos showed that Myo1c is widely expressed in various tissues including the zebrafish glomerulus. Knockdown of the Myo1c gene in zebrafish using antisense morpholino derivatives resulted in an abnormal developmental phenotype that included pericardial edema and dilated renal tubules. Ultra-structural analysis of the glomerulus in Myo1c depleted zebrafish showed abnormal podocyte morphology and absence of the slit diaphragm. Consistent with these observations, the glomerular filter permeability appeared altered in zebrafish in which Myo1c expression was attenuated. The specificity of Myo1c knockdown was confirmed by a rescue experiment in which co-injection of Myo1c morpholino derivatives with orthologous Myo1c mRNA prepared from mouse cDNA lessened phenotypic abnormalities including edema in Myo1c morphants. Thus, our results demonstrate that Myo1c is necessary for podocyte morphogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ehtesham Arif
- Renal Electrolyte and Hypertension Division, Perlman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Arif E, Mallik L, Rathore YS, Kumari B, Ostap M, Ashish FNU, Holzman LB, Nihalani D. Myo1c, an unconventional motor that maintains glomerular filtration function. FASEB J 2013. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.27.1_supplement.1001.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ehtesham Arif
- Renal Electrolytes and Hypertension DivisionUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPA
| | - Leena Mallik
- CSIR‐Institute of Microbial TechnologyChandigarhIndia
| | | | - Babita Kumari
- Renal Electrolytes and Hypertension DivisionUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPA
| | - Michael Ostap
- Pennsylvania Muscle InsituteUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPA
| | - FNU Ashish
- CSIR‐Institute of Microbial TechnologyChandigarhIndia
| | - Lawrence B Holzman
- Renal Electrolytes and Hypertension DivisionUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPA
| | - Deepak Nihalani
- Renal Electrolytes and Hypertension DivisionUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPA
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Arif E, Nihalani D. Glomerular Filtration Barrier Assembly: An insight. Postdoc J 2013; 1:33-45. [PMID: 27583259 PMCID: PMC5003421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A glomerulus is the network of capillaries that resides in the Bowman's capsule that functions as a filtration unit of kidney. The glomerular function ensures that essential plasma proteins are retained in blood and the filtrate is passed on as urine. The glomerular filtration assembly is composed of three main cellular barriers that are critical for the ultrafiltration process, the fenestrated endothelium, glomerular basement membrane and highly specialized podocytes. The podocytes along with their specialized junctions "slit diaphragm" form the basic backbone of this filtration assembly. The presence of high amounts of protein in urine a condition commonly referred as proteinuria indicates a defective glomerular filtration barrier. Various glomerular disorders including Nephrotic syndrome are characterized by significant alteration in the structure of podocytes that is associated with prolonged increase in the glomerular permeability leading to heavy proteinuria. Recent identification of proteins that are specifically localized at the slit diaphragm whose mutations and knockouts are known to result in loss of renal function has significantly advanced our understanding of the molecular makeup of this filtration assembly. The present review is an effort to summarize the recent developments in this field and highlight our understanding of the glomerular filtration barrier assembly.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ehtesham Arif
- Renal Electrolytes and Hypertension Division, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Deepak Nihalani
- Renal Electrolytes and Hypertension Division, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Mallik L, Arif E, Sharma P, Rathore YS, Wong HN, Holzman LB, Ashish, Nihalani D. Solution structure analysis of cytoplasmic domain of podocyte protein Neph1 using small/wide angle x-ray scattering (SWAXS). J Biol Chem 2012; 287:9441-53. [PMID: 22262837 PMCID: PMC3308819 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.284927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2011] [Revised: 01/16/2012] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Neph1 is present in podocytes, where it plays a critical role in maintaining the filtration function of the glomerulus, in part through signaling events mediated by its cytoplasmic domain that are involved in actin cytoskeleton organization. To understand the function of this protein, a detailed knowledge of the structure of the Neph1 cytoplasmic domain (Neph1-CD) is required. In this study, the solution structure of this domain was determined by small/wide angle x-ray scattering (SWAXS). Analysis of Neph1-CD by SWAXS suggested that this protein adopts a global shape with a radius of gyration and a maximum linear dimension of 21.3 and 70 Å, respectively. These parameters and the data from circular dichroism experiments were used to construct a structural model of this protein. The His-ZO-1-PDZ1 (first PDZ domain of zonula occludens) domain that binds Neph1-CD was also analyzed by SWAXS, to confirm that it adopts a global structure similar to its crystal structure. We used the SWAXS intensity profile, the structural model of Neph1-CD, and the crystal structure of ZO-1-PDZ1 to construct a structural model of the Neph1-CD·ZO-1-PDZ1 complex. Mapping of the intermolecular interactions suggested that in addition to the C-terminal residues Thr-His-Val, residues Lys-761 and Tyr-762 in Neph1 are also critical for stabilizing the complex. Estimated intensity values from the SWAXS data and in vivo and in vitro pull-down experiments demonstrated loss of binding to ZO-1 when these residues were individually mutated to alanines. Our findings present a structural model that provides novel insights into the molecular structure and function of Neph1-CD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leena Mallik
- From the CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh 160036, India and
| | - Ehtesham Arif
- the Renal Electrolyte and Hypertension Division, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
| | - Pankaj Sharma
- From the CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh 160036, India and
| | - Yogendra S. Rathore
- From the CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh 160036, India and
| | - Hetty N. Wong
- the Renal Electrolyte and Hypertension Division, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
| | - Lawrence B. Holzman
- the Renal Electrolyte and Hypertension Division, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
| | - Ashish
- From the CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh 160036, India and
| | - Deepak Nihalani
- the Renal Electrolyte and Hypertension Division, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Nejatizadeh A, Arif E, Assar O, Pasha M. OP-226: GNB3 C825T POLYMORPHISM ASSOCIATES WITH PLASMA ELECTROLYTE BALANCE AND SUSCEPTIBILITY TO HYPERTENSION. Int J Cardiol 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-5273(11)70261-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
25
|
Sohail M, Kumar R, Kaul A, Arif E, Kumar S, Adak T. Polymorphism in glutathione S-transferase P1 is associated with susceptibility to Plasmodium vivax malaria compared to P. falciparum and upregulates the GST level during malarial infection. Free Radic Biol Med 2010; 49:1746-54. [PMID: 20840864 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2010.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2010] [Revised: 08/02/2010] [Accepted: 09/05/2010] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Glutathione S-transferase P1 (GSTP1) is a member of the GST superfamily, which has well-established multiple roles in various infectious and parasitic diseases. The genetic regulation of GSTP1 has been extensively studied. Thus, its biological significance and disease association prompted us to investigate the role of GSTP1 polymorphisms in Plasmodium-mediated pathogenesis in infected humans. The genotypic distribution of Ile105Val in Plasmodium vivax infection was observed to be significant and strongly associated (OR=4.5) with the progression of pathology, whereas in P. falciparum infection no significant association was observed compared to healthy subjects. Interestingly, we observed significant elevation of GST in vivax infection, with both genotypes Ile105Val and Val105Val, compared to healthy subjects, whereas in P. falciparum infection we found marginally elevated GST levels of mutated genotypes but significantly depleted compared to healthy subjects. Further, during vivax and falciparum infection overall significant elevations of glutathione, glutathione peroxidase, and GST levels were observed. Expression of both GSTP1 mRNA and protein was significantly upregulated during vivax infection compared to falciparum infection and both were significantly upregulated compared to the levels in healthy subjects as well. These studies suggest that GSTP1 polymorphism is involved in the pathogenesis of malaria and it may serve as a valuable molecular marker, possessing a promising rationale for diagnostic potential in assessing disease progression during clinical malaria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Sohail
- Molecular Parasitology Laboratory, National Institute of Malaria Research, Dwarka, New Delhi, India
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Abhishek K, Kumar R, Arif E, Patra PK, Choudhary SB, Sohail M. Induced expression of bone morphogenetic protein-6 and Smads signaling in human monocytes derived dendritic cells during sickle-cell pathology with orthopedic complications. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2010; 396:950-5. [PMID: 20460105 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2010.05.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2010] [Accepted: 05/06/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BMP-SMAD (bone morphogenetic protein) signaling pathways in association with APT play paramount roles in osteoblastic differentiation, bone formation and embryonic development of human and animals. However, the implications of potent components (BMP6, Smad1, Smad2 and APT) of this pathway in SCD (sickle cell disease) pathology with orthopedic complications (Ortho+SS) are poorly elucidated and substantially unknown. Here, we address the role of BMP6, Smad1, Smad2 and APT mRNA and protein expression in hMDDCs obtained from Ortho+SS patients, employing RT-PCR, qRT-PCR and immunoblotting. Interestingly, we observed that SCD pathology exhibited significantly up-regulated expression of those signaling components at the level of mRNA and protein. Furthermore, exogenous BMP6 induced apoptosis was observed to be significantly associated in Ortho+SS complication and markedly increased the percentage of cells undergoing apoptosis as compared to healthy group. Interestingly, the non-stimulated cells have shown higher apoptotic nuclei percentage than the stimulated cells in pathological condition. Thus, expression of BMP-SMAD signaling components augments apoptosis and up regulates the transcription of these genes and it suggests that induction is due to transcriptional regulation. Taken together, our findings provide evidence that BMP-SMAD signaling components along with APT were over expressed, mediates apoptosis and may play an important role in the SCD pathology with orthopedic complications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kumar Abhishek
- Department of Biochemistry, Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru Memorial Medical College, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Kumar R, Nejatizadeh A, Arif E, Akhtar S, Gupta M, Tyagi S, Goyal AK, Jain SK, Qadar Pasha MA. Multi-locus interactions of vascular homeostasis genes in essential hypertension: a gender-based study. Clin Chim Acta 2009; 405:87-93. [PMID: 19379721 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2009.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2009] [Revised: 03/21/2009] [Accepted: 04/07/2009] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies on genes of endothelial and vascular homeostasis are inadequate in females. METHODS We investigated the role of 7 variants of ACE, AGT and NOS3 and their correlation with NO(x) levels and ACE activity in hypertension susceptibility in 910 case-controls of both genders. RESULTS Prevalence of alleles D of ACE I/D; -6A of AGT -6G/A; -786C, 894T and 4a of NOS3 -786T/C, 894G/T and 4b/4a polymorphisms was observed in patients (P< or =0.05). The 3 genotypes-combinations containing 6+5 wild-type alleles of AGT and NOS3 were significantly less prevalent in patients (P< or =0.0003). The haplotypes 235T/174T/-6A of AGT (P=4E-3) and -786T/894G/4a and -786C/894G/4a of NOS3 (P=2E-3, P=0.011, respectively) were significantly more prevalent in patients. The AGT and NOS3 findings were similar in males. Genotypes-combinations with 6+5 wild-type alleles of AGT correlated with higher NO(x) levels (P=0.03). The NOS3 genotypes-combinations having 6 and 6+5 wild-type alleles correlated with decreased ACE activity (P=0.025, P=0.0015, respectively) and increased NO(x) levels (P=0.001, P=0.0001, respectively) in patients. In gene-gene interactions, ACE D allele associated with < or =4 wild-type alleles containing genotypes-combinations of AGT and NOS3 in patients (P< or =0.04). CONCLUSION Within gene and between genes interactions of variants influence ACE activity and NO(x) levels and associate with EH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Kumar
- Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Delhi, India
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Wagner MC, Rhodes G, Wang E, Pruthi V, Arif E, Saleem MA, Wean SE, Garg P, Verma R, Holzman LB, Gattone V, Molitoris BA, Nihalani D. Ischemic injury to kidney induces glomerular podocyte effacement and dissociation of slit diaphragm proteins Neph1 and ZO-1. J Biol Chem 2008; 283:35579-89. [PMID: 18922801 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m805507200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Glomerular injury is often characterized by the effacement of podocytes, loss of slit diaphragms, and proteinuria. Renal ischemia or the loss of blood flow to the kidneys has been widely associated with tubular and endothelial injury but rarely has been shown to induce podocyte damage and disruption of the slit diaphragm. In this study, we have used an in vivo rat ischemic model to demonstrate that renal ischemia induces podocyte effacement with loss of slit diaphragm and proteinuria. Biochemical analysis of the ischemic glomerulus shows that ischemia induces rapid loss of interaction between slit diaphragm junctional proteins Neph1 and ZO-1. To further understand the effect of ischemia on molecular interactions between slit diaphragm proteins, a cell culture model was employed to study the binding between Neph1 and ZO-1. Under physiologic conditions, Neph1 co-localized with ZO-1 at cell-cell contacts in cultured human podocytes. Induction of injury by ATP depletion resulted in rapid loss of Neph1 and ZO-1 binding and redistribution of Neph1 and ZO-1 proteins from cell membrane to the cytoplasm. Recovery resulted in increased Neph1 tyrosine phosphorylation, restoring Neph1 and ZO-1 binding and their localization at the cell membrane. We further demonstrate that tyrosine phosphorylation of Neph1 mediated by Fyn results in significantly increased Neph1 and ZO-1 binding, suggesting a critical role for Neph1 tyrosine phosphorylation in reorganizing the Neph1-ZO-1 complex. This study documents that renal ischemia induces dynamic changes in the molecular interactions between slit diaphragm proteins, leading to podocyte damage and proteinuria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mark C Wagner
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Arif E, Vibhuti A, Deepak D, Singh B, Siddiqui MS, Pasha MAQ. COX2 and p53 risk-alleles coexist in COPD. Clin Chim Acta 2008; 397:48-50. [PMID: 18692035 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2008.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2008] [Revised: 07/07/2008] [Accepted: 07/14/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cigarette smoke stimulates airway epithelial cells to release pro-inflammatory cytokines which influence various inflammation-related genes, including COX2, whereas p53 expression is known to alter in such a condition. Since both the genes share several common physiological functions including inflammation and oxidative stress, we investigated within gene and gene-gene interactions towards susceptibility to the disease. METHOD In a prospective gene-association study we conducted PCR-RFLP for genotyping the COX2 -765G/C and 8473T/C and p53 72Pro/Arg polymorphisms in 229 COPD patients and 147 healthy controls. RESULTS The -765GC+CC genotypes of COX2 and Pro/Pro+Pro/Arg genotypes of p53 were prevalent in patients with significant odds ratio, 2.05 and 2.30, respectively (p=0.001; p=0.009, respectively), as a consequence, the -765C and 72Pro alleles were prevalent (p<or=0.001). Individually, the 8473T/C polymorphism did not associate with the disease (p=NS), however, it did in the haplotype -765C:8473C, which was significantly higher in patients (p<0.0001). Based on its prevalence, the three alleles were identified as risk-alleles in patients. The combinations of the genotypes containing 3, 4 and 5 risk alleles of the 3 polymorphisms were significantly over-represented in patients, whereas, the genotypes combinations containing 0, 1 and 2 risk alleles were significantly higher in controls (p=0.0004). The pairwise gene-gene interactions validated prevalence of risk-alleles associated pairing of genotypes such as the Pro/Pro+ Pro/Arg with -765GC+-765CC in patients (p=0.01). CONCLUSION The prevalence of COX2 and p53 risk-alleles contributes towards susceptibility to the disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ehtesham Arif
- Functional Genomics Unit, Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Delhi, India
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Arif E, Ahsan A, Vibhuti A, Rajput C, Deepak D, Athar M, Singh B, Pasha MAQ. Endothelial nitric oxide synthase gene variants contribute to oxidative stress in COPD. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2007; 361:182-8. [PMID: 17658478 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2007.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2007] [Accepted: 07/05/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) plays critical role in endothelial dysfunction and oxidative stress in COPD, pointing to the significance of endothelial nitric oxide synthase gene (eNOS) variants. We investigated the association of -786T/C, -922A/G, 4B/4A, and 894G/T polymorphisms of eNOS with the disease and its impact on nitrite and malonaldehyde levels in 190 COPD patients and 134 healthy controls, all smokers. The -786C, -922G and 4A alleles were significantly over-represented in patients (p=0.02, p=0.02, and p=0.03, respectively). The haplotypes, -786C:4A, 4A:894G, -786C:894G, and -786C:4A:894G were significantly over-represented in patients (p<0.0001, p =0.02, p=0.02, and p <0.0001, respectively), whereas, haplotypes, -786T:4B, 4B:894G, -786T:894G, and -786T:4B:894G were significantly under-represented in the patients (p<0.0001). The patients had significantly increased levels of nitrite (p=0.003) and malonaldehyde (p<0.0001). Combination of genotypes containing -786C and 4A alleles were greater in patients (p 0.05), and these combinations associated with decreased FEV1 value and nitrite level (p=0.03 and p=0.04, respectively) and with increased malonaldehyde levels (p=0.02). The eNOS -786C, -922G, and 4A alleles, these alleles associated haplotypes and genotype combinations were over-represented in patients. The variants and their combinations of four polymorphisms of eNOS contribute to disturbed pulmonary function and oxidative stress in COPD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ehtesham Arif
- Functional Genomics Unit, Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Delhi 110 007, India
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Karar J, Dolt KS, Mishra MK, Arif E, Javed S, Pasha MAQ. Expression and functional activity of pro-oxidants and antioxidants in murine heart exposed to acute hypobaric hypoxia. FEBS Lett 2007; 581:4577-82. [PMID: 17825300 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2007.08.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2007] [Revised: 08/08/2007] [Accepted: 08/20/2007] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Under hypobaric hypoxia, antioxidant defenses of the heart are stressed by the enhanced production of ROS. Mammalian heart acclimatizes to hypoxia through altered gene expression, which we studied in murine heart exposed to 10h of acute hypobaric hypoxia (AHH), equivalent to 15000ft, using cDNA arrays. Functional classification of genes with a > or =2-fold change revealed a number of pro-oxidants like Cyba, Xdh, Txnip, Ppp1r15b and antioxidants like Cat, Gpx1, Mt1, Mgst1. Interestingly, the protein level of Cyba, a subunit of NADPH oxidase, was markedly decreased in AHH exposed heart, suggesting the involvement of some stress response pathways. The AHH exposure also caused a significant reduction (50%) in the level of GSH (P<0.05). The present study provides a retrospective insight on the cellular antioxidant defense mechanisms under AHH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jayashree Karar
- Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Mall Road, Delhi 110 007, India
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Arif E, Vibhuti A, Alam P, Deepak D, Singh B, Athar M, Pasha MAQ. Association of CYP2E1 and NAT2 gene polymorphisms with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Clin Chim Acta 2007; 382:37-42. [PMID: 17442289 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2007.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2007] [Revised: 03/12/2007] [Accepted: 03/12/2007] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Detoxification genes are potential candidates in the susceptibility of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Polymorphisms in these genes alter the metabolism of xenobiotics such as present in cigarette smoke. METHODS We conducted a case-control study to investigate total 9 polymorphisms of CYP2E1, CYP2D6 and NAT2 genes by PCR-RFLP. RESULTS The -1053C/T and -1293G/C promoter polymorphisms of CYP2E1 were found to be in complete linkage disequilibrium (LD) (D'=1.00, r(2)=1.0, p<0.0001), whereas -1293G/C and 7632T/A polymorphisms of the same gene were also in significant LD (D'=0.5183, r(2)=1.0, p=0.01) in patients. The patients over-represented the -1293GC+CC genotypes of -1293G/C polymorphism of CYP2E1 (p=0.03) and NAT2*4/7, NAT2()5/6, NAT2*5/7, NAT2*6/6 and NAT2*6/7 genotypes of NAT2 (p=0.01, p=0.039, p=0.01, p=0.032, p=0.006, respectively), resulting in to higher frequency of -1293C (OR=7.02, 95% CI=1.63-30.15, p=0.002), NAT2*6 (OR=1.90, 95% CI=1.27-2.83, p=0.001) and NAT2*7 (OR=2.91, 95% CI=1.65-5.12, p=0.0001) alleles. The 7632T/A and 9893C/G polymorphisms of CYP2E1 and 1934G/A polymorphism of CYP2D6 did not associate with the disease (p>0.05). The haplotypes -1293G:9893C and -1293G:7632T:9893C were under-represented (p<0.001), whereas haplotypes -1293C:7632T, -1293C:9893C, -1293C:9893G and -1293C:7632T:9893C of the 4 CYP2E1 polymorphisms were over-represented in patients (p<0.05). CONCLUSION The CYP2E1 and NAT2 variants associated with COPD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ehtesham Arif
- Functional Genomics Unit, Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Delhi, India
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Vibhuti A, Arif E, Deepak D, Singh B, Qadar Pasha MA. Correlation of oxidative status with BMI and lung function in COPD. Clin Biochem 2007; 40:958-63. [PMID: 17631288 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2007.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2006] [Revised: 03/09/2007] [Accepted: 04/30/2007] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The imbalance in oxidative status together with nutrition depletion and low body weight play a vital role in the pathogenesis and severity of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The study was undertaken to ascertain if a relationship existed between oxidative status and BMI in COPD. In addition, association of oxidative status and BMI with lung function of the disease was also examined. MATERIALS AND METHODS In 202 COPD patients and 136 healthy controls plasma lipid peroxidation (LPO), reduced glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), catalase (CAT) activities, BMI and FEV(1)% predicted were looked for interactions. RESULTS The patients had increased LPO (p=0.006) and decreased antioxidants (GSH, p=0.005; GPx, p=0.035 and CAT, p=0.008, respectively). Of note are the correlations of oxidative stress markers with BMI and FEV(1)% predicted in the patients. LPO inversely and GSH, GPx, and CAT positively correlated with both BMI (p=0.007, p<0.001, p=0.045 and p=0.009, respectively), and FEV(1)% of predicted (LPO, p=0.001; GSH, p<0.001; GPx, p=0.043 and CAT, p<0.001) in the patients. Further, a positive correlation existed between BMI and FEV(1)% predicted (p=0.016) in COPD. CONCLUSION The intimate relationship of oxidative status with BMI and lung function, and the direct correlation between BMI and FEV(1) may potentiate severity of the disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arpana Vibhuti
- Functional Genomics Unit, Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Delhi, India
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Vibhuti A, Arif E, Deepak D, Singh B, Qadar Pasha MA. Genetic polymorphisms of GSTP1 and mEPHX correlate with oxidative stress markers and lung function in COPD. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2007; 359:136-42. [PMID: 17532303 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2007.05.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2007] [Accepted: 05/14/2007] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The genetic susceptibility to COPD might depend on variations in detoxification enzymes that activate and detoxify cigarette smoke products, which otherwise generate oxidative stress causing pathogenesis. In a case-control study of 202 COPD patients and 136 normals, we examined the association of polymorphisms I105V, A114V of GSTP1 and Y113H, H139R of mEPHX individually or in combination with disease and their contribution to oxidative stress markers such as MDA, GSH, GPx and airflow obstruction. Patients were over-represented by the alleles 105V, 114V of GSTP1 and 113H, 139H of mEPHX (chi(2)=10.63, p=0.001, chi(2)=13.92, p<0.001, chi(2)=13.02, p<0.001 and chi(2)=4.48, p=0.034, respectively) and the haplotypes of same alleles i.e. 105V-114V and 113H-139H (chi(2)=14.58, p<0.001 and chi(2)=23.14, p<0.001). Moreover, there was marked over-representation of combination of genotypes, I105I+A114A of GSTP1 (53% vs. 36%) in controls; whereas, the combinations with 105V/114V alleles (64% vs. 47%) of GSTP1 (OR=1.99; 95% CI=1.28-3.09; p=0.002) and the homozygotes H113H+H139H (27% vs.10%) of mEPHX (OR=3.26; 95% CI=1.73-6.15; p=0.0001) in patients. Patients had significantly elevated MDA level (p<0.001) and decreased GSH level (p<0.001) and GPx activity (p=0.035), respectively. Of note, the genotypes, I105V/V105V, A114V/V114V of GSTP1 and Y113H/H113H of mEPHX associated with increased MDA level (p=0.04, p=0.03 and p=0.003), decreased GSH level (p=0.019, p=0.007 and p=0.0006) and lower FEV1 (p=0.23, p=0.037 and p=0.029), respectively, in patients; so was the correlation of these biomarkers and lung function with the combinations of the genotypes. In conclusion, 105V/114V alleles of GSTP1 and 113H/139H alleles of mEPHX and the combination of genotypes with same alleles associated with imbalanced oxidative stress and lung function in patients, signifying the importance in the disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arpana Vibhuti
- Functional Genomics Unit, Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, New Delhi, India
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Rajput C, Arif E, Vibhuti A, Stobdan T, Khan AP, Norboo T, Afrin F, Qadar Pasha MA. Predominance of interaction among wild-type alleles of CYP11B2 in Himalayan natives associates with high-altitude adaptation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2006; 348:735-40. [PMID: 16893516 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2006.07.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2006] [Accepted: 07/21/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Sojourners visiting high-altitude (HA) (>2500 m) are susceptible to HA disorders; on the contrary, HA natives are well adapted to the extreme hypoxic environment. High aldosterone levels are believed to be involved in HA disorders, we, therefore, envisaged role of CYP11B2 gene variants in HA adaptation and therefore investigated the -344T/C, intron-2 conversion (Iw/Ic), K173R, and A5160C polymorphisms. In addition, polymorphisms in AGT, AT1R, ATP1A1, ADRB2, and GSTP1 genes were also investigated. The study comprised of 662 subjects, comprising of 426 Himalayan highlanders (HLs) and 236 lowlanders (LLs). The -344T/C and K173R polymorphisms were found to be in complete linkage disequilibrium. The wild-type allele -344T and combination of wild-type homozygous genotypes between -344T/C, Iw/Ic, and A5160C polymorphisms, containing all the six wild-type alleles were over-represented in the HLs (p < 0.0001, and p = 0.008, respectively). The wild-type haplotypes -344T-Iw, -344T-5160A, and -344T-Iw-5160A also showed over-representation in the HLs (p < 0.0001). Furthermore, greater the number of wild-type alleles, lower was the ARR (p < 0.05). The genotype distribution in remaining genes did not differ. To conclude, the over-representation of wild-type -344T allele, genotype combinations and haplotypes of CYP11B2, and their correlation with lower aldosterone levels associate with HA adaptation in the HLs. Such an allelic presentation in sojourners may help them cope with adverse HA environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Charu Rajput
- Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Delhi 110 007, India
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|