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Foo YZ, Sutherland CAM, Burton NS, Nakagawa S, Rhodes G. Accuracy in Facial Trustworthiness Impressions: Kernel of Truth or Modern Physiognomy? A Meta-Analysis. Pers Soc Psychol Bull 2021; 48:1580-1596. [PMID: 34609231 DOI: 10.1177/01461672211048110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Being able to identify trustworthy strangers is a critical social skill. However, whether such impressions are accurate is debatable. Critically, the field currently lacks a quantitative summary of the evidence. To address this gap, we conducted two meta-analyses. We tested whether there is a correlation between perceived and actual trustworthiness across faces, and whether perceivers show above-chance accuracy at assessing trustworthiness. Both meta-analyses revealed significant, modest accuracy (face level, r = .14; perceiver level, r = .27). Perceiver-level effects depended on domain, with aggressiveness and sexual unfaithfulness having stronger effects than agreeableness, criminality, financial reciprocity, and honesty. We also applied research weaving to map the literature, revealing potential biases, including a preponderance of Western studies, a lack of "cross-talk" between research groups, and clarity issues. Overall, this modest accuracy is unlikely to be of practical utility. Moreover, we strongly urge the field to improve reporting standards and generalizability of the results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Z Foo
- University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia.,University of New South Wales, Randwick, Australia
| | - C A M Sutherland
- University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia.,University of Aberdeen, UK
| | - N S Burton
- University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia
| | - S Nakagawa
- University of New South Wales, Randwick, Australia
| | - G Rhodes
- University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia
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2
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Feng D, Kurth T, Stumpf M, Grzybowski M, Geurts A, Sandoval R, Rhodes G, Molitoris B, Pollak M, Cowley A. Novel CRISPR/Cas9 Munich Wistar Frömter rat model carrying disease‐causing mutant Actn4 demonstrates salt‐sensitive hypertension. FASEB J 2021. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.2021.35.s1.01666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Di Feng
- MedicineBeth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Martin Pollak
- MedicineBeth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMA
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3
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Yadav SPS, Sandoval RM, Zhao J, Huang Y, Wang E, Kumar S, Campos-Bilderback SB, Rhodes G, Mechref Y, Molitoris BA, Wagner MC. Mechanism of how carbamylation reduces albumin binding to FcRn contributing to increased vascular clearance. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2021; 320:F114-F129. [PMID: 33283642 PMCID: PMC7847050 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00428.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease results in high serum urea concentrations leading to excessive protein carbamylation, primarily albumin. This is associated with increased cardiovascular disease and mortality. Multiple methods were used to address whether carbamylation alters albumin metabolism. Intravital two-photon imaging of the Munich Wistar Frömter (MWF) rat kidney and liver allowed us to characterize filtration and proximal tubule uptake and liver uptake. Microscale thermophoresis enabled quantification of cubilin (CUB7,8 domain) and FcRn binding. Finally, multiple biophysical methods including dynamic light scattering, small-angle X-ray scattering, LC-MS/MS and in silico analyses were used to identify the critical structural alterations and amino acid modifications of rat albumin. Carbamylation of albumin reduced binding to CUB7,8 and FcRn in a dose-dependent fashion. Carbamylation markedly increased vascular clearance of carbamylated rat serum albumin (cRSA) and altered distribution of cRSA in both the kidney and liver at 16 h post intravenous injection. By evaluating the time course of carbamylation and associated charge, size, shape, and binding parameters in combination with in silico analysis and mass spectrometry, the critical binding interaction impacting carbamylated albumin's reduced FcRn binding was identified as K524. Carbamylation of RSA had no effect on glomerular filtration or proximal tubule uptake. These data indicate urea-mediated time-dependent carbamylation of albumin lysine K524 resulted in reduced binding to CUB7,8 and FcRn that contribute to altered albumin transport, leading to increased vascular clearance and increased liver and endothelial tissue accumulation.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Chromatography, Liquid
- Disease Models, Animal
- Glomerular Filtration Rate
- Histocompatibility Antigens Class I/metabolism
- Kidney Tubules, Proximal/metabolism
- Kidney Tubules, Proximal/physiopathology
- Liver/metabolism
- Lysine
- Male
- Microscopy, Fluorescence, Multiphoton
- Protein Binding
- Protein Carbamylation
- Rats, Inbred Strains
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Receptors, Cell Surface/metabolism
- Receptors, Fc/metabolism
- Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/metabolism
- Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/pathology
- Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/physiopathology
- Scattering, Small Angle
- Serum Albumin/metabolism
- Tandem Mass Spectrometry
- Time Factors
- X-Ray Diffraction
- Rats
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiv Pratap S Yadav
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Ruben M Sandoval
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Jingfu Zhao
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas
| | - Yifan Huang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas
| | - Exing Wang
- Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Sudhanshu Kumar
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Silvia B Campos-Bilderback
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - George Rhodes
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Yehia Mechref
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas
| | - Bruce A Molitoris
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Mark C Wagner
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
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4
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Mackay EB, Feuchtmayr H, De Ville MM, Thackeray SJ, Callaghan N, Marshall M, Rhodes G, Yates CA, Johnes PJ, Maberly SC. Dissolved organic nutrient uptake by riverine phytoplankton varies along a gradient of nutrient enrichment. Sci Total Environ 2020; 722:137837. [PMID: 32197159 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The concentration of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in freshwaters is increasing in large areas of the world. In addition to carbon, DOM contains nitrogen and phosphorus and there is growing concern that these organic nutrients may be bioavailable and contribute to eutrophication. However, relatively few studies have assessed the potential for dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) or dissolved organic phosphorus (DOP) compounds to be bioavailable to natural river phytoplankton communities at different locations or times. Temporal and spatial variations in uptake, relative to environmental characteristics were examined at six riverine sites in two contrasting catchments in the UK. This study also examined how the uptake by riverine phytoplankton of four DON and four DOP compounds commonly found in rivers, varied with concentration. Total nitrogen (TN) and phosphorus (TP) concentrations, the proportion of inorganic nutrient species, and nutrient limitation varied temporally and spatially, as did the potential for DON and DOP uptake. All eight of the DOM compounds tested were bioavailable, but to different extents. Organic nutrient use depended on the concentration of the organic compound supplied, with simple compounds (urea and glucose-6-phosphate) supporting algal growth even at very low concentrations. DON use was negatively correlated with the TN and ammonia concentration and DOP use was negatively correlated with soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP) and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentration. The evidence indicates that DOM in rivers has been overlooked as a potential source of nutrients to phytoplankton and therefore as an agent of eutrophication.
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Affiliation(s)
- E B Mackay
- UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster, LA1 4AP, UK.
| | - H Feuchtmayr
- UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster, LA1 4AP, UK
| | - M M De Ville
- UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster, LA1 4AP, UK
| | - S J Thackeray
- UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster, LA1 4AP, UK
| | - N Callaghan
- UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Environment Centre Wales, Bangor, Gwynedd LL57 2UW, UK
| | - M Marshall
- School of Environment, Natural Resources and Geography, Bangor University, Environment Centre Wales, Bangor, Gwynedd LL57 2UW, UK
| | - G Rhodes
- UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster, LA1 4AP, UK
| | - C A Yates
- School of Geographical Sciences, University of Bristol, University Road, Bristol BS8 1SS, UK
| | - P J Johnes
- School of Geographical Sciences, University of Bristol, University Road, Bristol BS8 1SS, UK
| | - S C Maberly
- UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster, LA1 4AP, UK
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Abstract
The communication of risk in dental settings is a routine task that most clinicians are familiar with in their clinical encounters. However, work from medical settings has suggested that using this process in order to support health behaviour change in people may well be undermined by difficulties in understanding risk information, in presenting the information in a way that is clearly understood by the recipient and in the effects that such information may have for supporting further health behaviours by patients. This paper synthesises literature in the area that addresses these issues and explores approaches dental care professionals might consider when communicating risks in the dental surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Asimakopoulou
- King's College London, Dental Institute, Division of Population and Patient Health, Social and Behavioural Sciences Group, Floor 18, Guy's Tower, Great Maze Pond, London, SE1 9RW
| | - G Rhodes
- King's College London, Dental Institute, Division of Population and Patient Health, Social and Behavioural Sciences Group, Floor 18, Guy's Tower, Great Maze Pond, London, SE1 9RW
| | - B Daly
- King's College London, Dental Institute, Division of Population and Patient Health, Social and Behavioural Sciences Group, Floor 18, Guy's Tower, Great Maze Pond, London, SE1 9RW
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6
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Wagner MC, Myslinski J, Pratap S, Flores B, Rhodes G, Campos-Bilderback SB, Sandoval RM, Kumar S, Patel M, Ashish, Molitoris BA. Mechanism of increased clearance of glycated albumin by proximal tubule cells. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2016; 310:F1089-102. [PMID: 26887834 PMCID: PMC4889321 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00605.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2016] [Accepted: 02/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Serum albumin is the most abundant plasma protein and has a long half-life due to neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn)-mediated transcytosis by many cell types, including proximal tubule cells of the kidney. Albumin also interacts with, and is modified by, many small and large molecules. Therefore, the focus of the present study was to address the impact of specific known biological albumin modifications on albumin-FcRn binding and cellular handling. Binding at pH 6.0 and 7.4 was performed since FcRn binds albumin strongly at acidic pH and releases it after transcytosis at physiological pH. Equilibrium dissociation constants were measured using microscale thermophoresis. Since studies have shown that glycated albumin is excreted in the urine at a higher rate than unmodified albumin, we studied glucose and methylgloxal modified albumins (21 days). All had reduced affinity to FcRn at pH 6.0, suggesting these albumins would not be returned to the circulation via the transcytotic pathway. To address why modified albumin has reduced affinity, we analyzed the structure of the modified albumins using small-angle X-ray scattering. This analysis showed significant structural changes occurring to albumin with glycation, particularly in the FcRn-binding region, which could explain the reduced affinity to FcRn. These results offer an explanation for enhanced proximal tubule-mediated sorting and clearance of abnormal albumins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark C Wagner
- Nephrology Division, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana; and
| | - Jered Myslinski
- Nephrology Division, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana; and
| | - Shiv Pratap
- The Council of Scientific and Industrial Research Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh, India
| | - Brittany Flores
- Nephrology Division, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana; and
| | - George Rhodes
- Nephrology Division, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana; and
| | - Silvia B Campos-Bilderback
- Nephrology Division, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana; and
| | - Ruben M Sandoval
- Nephrology Division, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana; and
| | - Sudhanshu Kumar
- Nephrology Division, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana; and
| | - Monika Patel
- Nephrology Division, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana; and
| | - Ashish
- The Council of Scientific and Industrial Research Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh, India
| | - Bruce A Molitoris
- Nephrology Division, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana; and Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana; Roudebush Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Indianapolis, Indiana; and
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7
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Palygin O, Endres B, Sandoval R, Rhodes G, Campos‐Bilderback S, Kamocka M, Molitoris B, Staruschenko A, Geurts A. Intravital Imaging of the Kidney in Salt‐Sensitive Hypertension. FASEB J 2015. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.29.1_supplement.960.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Oleg Palygin
- PhysiologyMedical College of WisconsinMilwaukeeWisconsinUnited States
| | - Bradley Endres
- PhysiologyMedical College of WisconsinMilwaukeeWisconsinUnited States
| | - Ruben Sandoval
- Indiana Center for Biological Microscopy Indiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisIndianaUnited States
| | - George Rhodes
- Indiana Center for Biological Microscopy Indiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisIndianaUnited States
| | - Silvia Campos‐Bilderback
- Indiana Center for Biological Microscopy Indiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisIndianaUnited States
| | - Malgorzata Kamocka
- Indiana Center for Biological Microscopy Indiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisIndianaUnited States
| | - Bruce Molitoris
- Indiana Center for Biological Microscopy Indiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisIndianaUnited States
| | | | - Aron Geurts
- PhysiologyMedical College of WisconsinMilwaukeeWisconsinUnited States
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8
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Corridon P, Rhodes G, Atkinson S, Bacalla R. Hydrodynamic Isotonic Fluid Delivery Ameliorates Moderate Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury in Rat Kidneys. FASEB J 2015. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.29.1_supplement.807.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Corridon
- Department of Mathematics and Physics Australian College of KuwaitKuwait CityMishrefKuwait
| | - George Rhodes
- Division of NephrologySchool of Medicine Indiana UniversityIndianapolisIndianaUnited States
| | - Simon Atkinson
- Department of BiologyIndiana University ‐ Purdue UniversityIndianapolisIndianaUnited States
| | - Robert Bacalla
- Division of NephrologySchool of Medicine Indiana UniversityIndianapolisIndianaUnited States
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9
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Corridon P, Rhodes G, Atkinson S, Bacalla R. Efficient Targeted Transgene Delivery in the Setting of Mild and Moderate Ischemia/Reperfusion Kidney Injury. FASEB J 2015. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.29.1_supplement.807.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Corridon
- Department of Mathematics and Physics Australian College of KuwaitKuwait CityMishrefKuwait
| | - George Rhodes
- Division of NephrologySchool of Medicine Indiana UniversityIndianapolisIndianaUnited States
| | - Simon Atkinson
- Department of BiologyIndiana University ‐ Purdue UniversityIndianapolisINUnited States
| | - Robert Bacalla
- Division of NephrologySchool of Medicine Indiana UniversityIndianapolisIndianaUnited States
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11
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Crookes K, Ewing L, Guildenhuys JD, Hayward W, Oxner M, Pond S, Rhodes G. Computer generated faces may not tap face expertise. J Vis 2014. [DOI: 10.1167/14.10.819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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12
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Kloth N, Shields S, Rhodes G. On the other side of the fence: The effects of social categorisation and spatial arrangement on memory for own-race and other-race faces. J Vis 2014. [DOI: 10.1167/14.10.1261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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13
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Burton N, Jeffery L, Calder A, Rhodes G. Adaptation to an average expression improves discrimination of facial expressions. J Vis 2014. [DOI: 10.1167/14.10.815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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14
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15
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Walsh JA, Maurer D, Vida MD, Rhodes G, Jeffery L, Rutherford MD. Facial identity is encoded relative to the norm in adults with autism spectrum disorder. J Vis 2014. [DOI: 10.1167/14.10.683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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16
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Neumann M, Ng R, Rhodes G, Palermo R. Determinants of ensemble representations for face identity. J Vis 2014. [DOI: 10.1167/14.10.555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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17
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Carrisoza-Gaytan R, Liu Y, Flores D, Else C, Lee HG, Rhodes G, Sandoval RM, Kleyman TR, Lee FYI, Molitoris B, Satlin LM, Rohatgi R. Effects of biomechanical forces on signaling in the cortical collecting duct (CCD). Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2014; 307:F195-204. [PMID: 24872319 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00634.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
An increase in tubular fluid flow rate (TFF) stimulates Na reabsorption and K secretion in the cortical collecting duct (CCD) and subjects cells therein to biomechanical forces including fluid shear stress (FSS) and circumferential stretch (CS). Intracellular MAPK and extracellular autocrine/paracrine PGE2 signaling regulate cation transport in the CCD and, at least in other systems, are affected by biomechanical forces. We hypothesized that FSS and CS differentially affect MAPK signaling and PGE2 release to modulate cation transport in the CCD. To validate that CS is a physiological force in vivo, we applied the intravital microscopic approach to rodent kidneys in vivo to show that saline or furosemide injection led to a 46.5 ± 2.0 or 170 ± 32% increase, respectively, in distal tubular diameter. Next, murine CCD (mpkCCD) cells were grown on glass or silicone coated with collagen type IV and subjected to 0 or 0.4 dyne/cm(2) of FSS or 10% CS, respectively, forces chosen based on prior biomechanical modeling of ex vivo microperfused CCDs. Cells exposed to FSS expressed an approximately twofold greater abundance of phospho(p)-ERK and p-p38 vs. static cells, while CS did not alter p-p38 and p-ERK expression compared with unstretched controls. FSS induced whereas CS reduced PGE2 release by ∼40%. In conclusion, FSS and CS differentially affect ERK and p38 activation and PGE2 release in a cell culture model of the CD. We speculate that TFF differentially regulates biomechanical signaling and, in turn, cation transport in the CCD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Daniel Flores
- Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York; Department of Medicine, James J. Peters Veterans Affairs Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Cindy Else
- Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Heon Goo Lee
- Department of Orthopedics, Robert Carroll and Jane Chace Carroll Laboratories, Columbia College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York
| | - George Rhodes
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana; and
| | - Ruben M Sandoval
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana; and
| | - Thomas R Kleyman
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Francis Young-In Lee
- Department of Orthopedics, Robert Carroll and Jane Chace Carroll Laboratories, Columbia College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York
| | - Bruce Molitoris
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana; and
| | - Lisa M Satlin
- Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York; Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Rajeev Rohatgi
- Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York; Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York; Department of Medicine, James J. Peters Veterans Affairs Medical Center, New York, New York;
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18
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Corridon P, Rhodes G, Zhang S, Bready D, Xu W, Witzmann F, Atkinson S, Basile D, Bacallao R. Hydrodynamic delivery of mitochondrial genes in vivo protects against moderate ischemia‐reperfusion injury in the rat kidney (690.17). FASEB J 2014. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.28.1_supplement.690.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Corridon
- Medicine‐Nephrology Indiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisINUnited States
| | - George Rhodes
- Medicine‐Nephrology Indiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisINUnited States
| | - Shijun Zhang
- Biology Indiana University‐Purdue University IndianapolisIndianapolisINUnited States
| | - Devin Bready
- Indiana University‐Purdue University IndianapolisIndianapolisINUnited States
| | - Weimin Xu
- Medicine‐Nephrology Indiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisINUnited States
| | - Frank Witzmann
- Cellular and Integrative Physiology Indiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisINUnited States
| | - Simon Atkinson
- Biology Indiana University‐Purdue University IndianapolisIndianapolisINUnited States
| | - David Basile
- Cellular and Integrative Physiology Indiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisINUnited States
| | - Robert Bacallao
- Medicine‐Nephrology Indiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisINUnited States
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20
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Laguesse R, Tez T, Hall B, Irons J, McKone E, Daini R, Albonico A, Malaspina M, Taylor E, Rhodes G, Charpentier A, Rossion B, Palermo R. Subjective self-assessment of face recognition ability is only weakly related to objective measures of face recognition performance. J Vis 2013. [DOI: 10.1167/13.9.979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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21
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O'Neil SF, Mac A, Rhodes G, Webster MA. Adding years to your life (or at least looking like it): The form of age aftereffects in face adaptation. J Vis 2013. [DOI: 10.1167/13.9.987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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22
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Hayward W, Crookes K, Favelle S, Rhodes G. Why are face composites difficult to recognize? J Vis 2011. [DOI: 10.1167/11.11.668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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23
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Jurs B, Burkhardt A, Blaha L, Rhodes G, Jeffery L, Busey T. Adaptation modulates the electrophysiological substrates of perceived facial distortion: Support for opponent coding. J Vis 2011. [DOI: 10.1167/11.11.583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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24
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Mo H, Yang C, Wang K, Wang Y, Huang M, Murray B, Qi X, Sun SC, Deshpande M, Rhodes G, Miller MD. Estimation of inhibitory quotient using a comparative equilibrium dialysis assay for prediction of viral response to hepatitis C virus inhibitors. J Viral Hepat 2011; 18:338-48. [PMID: 20456634 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2893.2010.01314.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The relationship of inhibitory quotient (IQ) with the virologic response to specific inhibitors of human hepatitis C virus (HCV) and the best method to correct for serum protein binding in calculating IQ have not been addressed. A common method is to determine a fold shift by comparing the EC(50) values determined in cell culture in the absence and presence of human serum (fold shift in EC(50) ), but this method has a number of disadvantages. In the present study, the fold shifts in drug concentrations between 100% human plasma (HP) and cell culture medium (CCM) were directly measured using a modified comparative equilibrium dialysis (CED) assay for three HCV protease inhibitors (PIs) and for a novel HCV inhibitor GS-9132. The fold shift values in drug concentration between the HP and CCM (CED ratio) were ∼1 for SCH-503034, VX-950 and GS-9132 and 13 for BILN-2061. These values were ∼3-10-fold lower than the fold shift values calculated from the EC(50) assay for all inhibitors except BILN-2061. Using the CED values, a consistent pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic relationship was observed for the four HCV inhibitors analysed. Specifically, an approximate 1 log(10) reduction in HCV RNA was achieved with an IQ close to 1, while 2-3 and greater log(10) reductions in HCV RNA were achieved with IQ values of 3-5 and greater, respectively. Thus, use of CED to define IQ provides a predictive and quantitative approach for the assessment of the in vivo potency of HCV PIs and GS-9132. This method provides a framework for the evaluation of other classes of drugs that are bound by serum proteins but require the presence of serum for in vitro evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Mo
- Department of Clinical Virology, Gilead Sciences Inc., Foster City, CA, USA.
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Armann R, Jeffery L, Calder AJ, Bulthoff I, Rhodes G. Race-specific norms for coding face identity and a functional role for norms. J Vis 2010. [DOI: 10.1167/10.7.706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Jeffery L, Rhodes G, McKone E, Pellicano E, Crookes K, Taylor L. Children's Face Coding is Norm-Based rather than Exemplar-based: Evidence From Face Identity Aftereffects. J Vis 2010. [DOI: 10.1167/10.7.580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Jeffery L, McKone E, Haynes R, Firth E, Pellicano E, Rhodes G. Four-to-six-year-old children use norm-based coding in face-space. J Vis 2010; 10:18. [DOI: 10.1167/10.5.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Xu L, Liu H, Murray B, Callebaut C, Hong A, Vivian R, Lee M, Tsai L, Stray K, Chau J, Strickley R, Koziara J, Choi Y, Rhodes G, Desai M. Discovery of GS-9350: A Novel and Selective Pharmacoenhancer without Anti-HIV Activity. Antiviral Res 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2010.02.341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Gandhi M, Wagner M, Molitoris B, Sandoval R, Rhodes G. 98: In-Vivo Anaylysis of Glomerular and Proximal Tubule Handling of Age-Modified Albumin Using Two-Photon Microscopy. Am J Kidney Dis 2010. [DOI: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2010.02.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Jeffery L, Rhodes G, Busey T. View-specific coding of face shape. J Vis 2010. [DOI: 10.1167/6.6.669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Hayward W, Zhao M, Cheung O, Rhodes G, Gauthier I. Dissociating contributions of configural and component information to the own-race advantage in face recognition. J Vis 2010. [DOI: 10.1167/9.8.504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Jaquet E, Rhodes G, Hayward WG. It's more than just physical: The contribution of social category information to race-selective face aftereffects. J Vis 2010. [DOI: 10.1167/8.6.261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Elms NM, Mondloch CJ, Maurer D, Hayward WG, Rhodes G, Tanaka J, Zhou G. Other-race faces: Limitations of expert face processing. J Vis 2010. [DOI: 10.1167/8.6.260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Jeffery L, Rhodes G. Aftereffects reveal enhanced face-coding plasticity in young children. J Vis 2010. [DOI: 10.1167/8.6.187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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38
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Rhodes G, Michie P, Hughes M, Byatt G. The Fusiform Face Area spontaneously codes spatial relations in faces. J Vis 2010. [DOI: 10.1167/8.6.165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Rhodes G, Maloney LT, Turner J, Ewing L. Is the average face special? J Vis 2010. [DOI: 10.1167/6.6.283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Hayward WG, Rhodes G, Winkler C, Schwaninger A. Own-race face effects in processing of configural and component information by Chinese observers. J Vis 2010. [DOI: 10.1167/5.8.534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Wagner MC, Rhodes G, Wang E, Pruthi V, Arif E, Saleem MA, Wean SE, Garg P, Verma R, Holzman LB, Gattone V, Molitoris BA, Nihalani D. Ischemic injury to kidney induces glomerular podocyte effacement and dissociation of slit diaphragm proteins Neph1 and ZO-1. J Biol Chem 2008; 283:35579-89. [PMID: 18922801 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m805507200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Glomerular injury is often characterized by the effacement of podocytes, loss of slit diaphragms, and proteinuria. Renal ischemia or the loss of blood flow to the kidneys has been widely associated with tubular and endothelial injury but rarely has been shown to induce podocyte damage and disruption of the slit diaphragm. In this study, we have used an in vivo rat ischemic model to demonstrate that renal ischemia induces podocyte effacement with loss of slit diaphragm and proteinuria. Biochemical analysis of the ischemic glomerulus shows that ischemia induces rapid loss of interaction between slit diaphragm junctional proteins Neph1 and ZO-1. To further understand the effect of ischemia on molecular interactions between slit diaphragm proteins, a cell culture model was employed to study the binding between Neph1 and ZO-1. Under physiologic conditions, Neph1 co-localized with ZO-1 at cell-cell contacts in cultured human podocytes. Induction of injury by ATP depletion resulted in rapid loss of Neph1 and ZO-1 binding and redistribution of Neph1 and ZO-1 proteins from cell membrane to the cytoplasm. Recovery resulted in increased Neph1 tyrosine phosphorylation, restoring Neph1 and ZO-1 binding and their localization at the cell membrane. We further demonstrate that tyrosine phosphorylation of Neph1 mediated by Fyn results in significantly increased Neph1 and ZO-1 binding, suggesting a critical role for Neph1 tyrosine phosphorylation in reorganizing the Neph1-ZO-1 complex. This study documents that renal ischemia induces dynamic changes in the molecular interactions between slit diaphragm proteins, leading to podocyte damage and proteinuria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark C Wagner
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, USA
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Abstract
The psychological mechanisms underlying attractiveness judgements in humans are thought to be evolved adaptations for finding a high quality mate. The phenotype-linked fertility hypothesis proposes that females obtain reliable information on male fertility from male expression of sexual traits. A previous study of Spanish men reported that facial attractiveness was positively associated with semen quality. We aimed to determine whether this effect was widespread by examining a large sample of Australian men. We also extended our study to determine whether cues to semen quality are provided by components of attractiveness: masculinity, averageness and symmetry. Each male participant was photographed and provided a semen sample that was analyzed for sperm morphology, motility and concentration. Two independent sets of women rated the male photographs for attractiveness, and three further sets of 12 women rated the photographs for masculinity, symmetry or averageness. We found no significant correlations between semen quality parameters and attractiveness or attractive traits. Although male physical attractiveness may signal aspects of mate quality, our results suggest that phenotype-linked cues to male fertility may not be general across human populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Peters
- Centre for Evolutionary Biology, School of Animal Biology, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia.
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Pickup RW, Rhodes G, Bull TJ, Arnott S, Sidi-Boumedine K, Hurley M, Hermon-Taylor J. Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in lake catchments, in river water abstracted for domestic use, and in effluent from domestic sewage treatment works: diverse opportunities for environmental cycling and human exposure. Appl Environ Microbiol 2006; 72:4067-77. [PMID: 16751517 PMCID: PMC1489623 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02490-05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis from infected animals enters surface waters and rivers in runoff from contaminated pastures. We studied the River Tywi in South Wales, United Kingdom, whose catchment comprises 1,100 km2 containing more than a million dairy and beef cattle and more than 1.3 million sheep. The River Tywi is abstracted for the domestic water supply. Between August 2002 and April 2003, 48 of 70 (68.8%) twice-weekly river water samples tested positive by IS900 PCR. In river water, the organisms were associated with a suspended solid which was depleted by the water treatment process. Disposal of contaminated slurry back onto the land established a cycle of environmental persistence. A concentrate from 100 liters of finished water tested negative, but 1 of 54 domestic cold water tanks tested positive, indicating the potential for these pathogens to access domestic outlets. In the separate English Lake District region, with hills up to 980 m, tests for M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis in the high hill lakes and sediments were usually negative, but streams and sediments became positive lower down the catchment. Sediments from 9 of 10 major lakes receiving inflow from these catchments were positive, with sediment cores indicating deposition over at least 40 to 50 years. Two of 12 monthly 1-liter samples of effluent and a single 100-liter sample from the Ambleside sewage treatment works were positive for M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis. Since Lake Ambleside discharges into Lake Windermere, which is available for domestic supply, there is a potential for these organisms to cycle within human populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- R W Pickup
- Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Lancaster Environment Centre, Library Avenue, Bailrigg, Lancaster LA21 4AP, United Kingdom.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE Mutual Health Organizations (MHO) emerged in Ghana in the mid-1990s. The organizational structure and financial management of private and public MHO hold important lessons for the development of national health insurance in Ghana, but there is little evidence to date on their features. This paper aims at filling this data gap, and at making recommendations to Ghanaian authorities on how to stimulate the success of MHO. METHODS Survey among 45 private and public MHO in Ghana in 2004-2005, asking questions on their structure, financial management and financial position. RESULTS Private MHO had more autonomy in setting premiums and benefit packages, and had higher community participation in meetings than public MHO. MHO in general had few measures in place to control moral hazard and reduce adverse selection, but more measures to control fraud and prevent cost escalation. The vast majority of schemes were managed by formally trained and paid staff. The financial results varied considerably. CONCLUSIONS Ghanaian authorities regulate the newly established public MHO, but may do good by leaving them a certain level of autonomy in decision-making and secure community participation. The financial management of MHO is suboptimal, which indicates the need for technical assistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Baltussen
- Institute for Medical Technology Assessment, Erasmus University Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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Watson TL, Rhodes G, Clifford CWG. Face adaptation contingent on orientation. J Vis 2005. [DOI: 10.1167/5.8.826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Pickup RW, Rhodes G, Arnott S, Sidi-Boumedine K, Bull TJ, Weightman A, Hurley M, Hermon-Taylor J. Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in the catchment area and water of the River Taff in South Wales, United Kingdom, and its potential relationship to clustering of Crohn's disease cases in the city of Cardiff. Appl Environ Microbiol 2005; 71:2130-9. [PMID: 15812047 PMCID: PMC1082532 DOI: 10.1128/aem.71.4.2130-2139.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2004] [Accepted: 11/15/2004] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In South Wales, United Kingdom, a populated coastal region lies beneath hill pastures grazed by livestock in which Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis is endemic. The Taff is a spate river running off the hills and through the principal city of Cardiff. We sampled Taff water above Cardiff twice weekly from November 2001 to November 2002. M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis was detected by IS900 PCR and culture. Thirty-one of 96 daily samples (32.3%) were IS900 PCR positive, and 12 grew M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis bovine strains. Amplicon sequences from colonies were identical to the sequence with GenBank accession no. X16293, whereas 16 of 19 sequences from river water DNA extracts had a single-nucleotide polymorphism at position 214. This is consistent with a different strain of M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis in the river, which is unculturable by the methods we used. Parallel studies showed that M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis remained culturable in lake water microcosms for 632 days and persisted to 841 days. Of four reservoirs controlling the catchment area of the Taff, M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis was present in surface sediments from three and in sediment cores from two, consistent with deposition over at least 50 years. Previous epidemiological research in Cardiff demonstrated a highly significant increase of Crohn's disease in 11 districts. These bordered the river except for a gap on the windward side. A topographical relief map shows that this gap is directly opposite a valley open to the prevailing southwesterly winds. This would influence the distribution of aerosols carrying M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis from the river.
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Affiliation(s)
- R W Pickup
- Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Library Ave., Bailrigg, Lancaster LA21 4AP, United Kingdom.
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Lena P, Villinger F, Giavedoni L, Miller CJ, Rhodes G, Luciw P. Co-immunization of rhesus macaques with plasmid vectors expressing IFN-gamma, GM-CSF, and SIV antigens enhances anti-viral humoral immunity but does not affect viremia after challenge with highly pathogenic virus. Vaccine 2002; 20 Suppl 4:A69-79. [PMID: 12477432 DOI: 10.1016/s0264-410x(02)00391-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
To investigate the adjuvant capacity of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and interferon (IFN-gamma), we cloned these rhesus cytokines into a mammalian expression vector. Two groups of six rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) received intradermal immunizations of plasmid DNA coding for SIV Eng and Gag, and influenza virus nucleoprotein (Flu-NP), with or without the co-administration of plasmid DNA coding for these cytokines. Humoral immune responses to antigens of both of these viruses and SIV specific T cell proliferative responses were significantly enhanced by co-immunization with the cytokines. These twelve monkeys, and a group of six naive controls, were challenged by the oral mucosal route with the uncloned and highly pathogenic SIVmac251. All monkeys became infected. The early CD4 decline was reduced in the group co-immunized with cytokine and viral plasmids. Unexpectedly, plasma viremia set points were not different in this co-immunized group and the non-immunized control group. On the other hand, monkeys vaccinated with equivalent amounts of empty vector plasmid (i.e. no cytokine inserts) along with plasmids expressing viral antigens demonstrated a slight but significant decrease in acute viremia compared to non-immunized controls (P<0.02). However, viral loads at set points were not significantly different between both the immunized and the non-immunized control group. Thus, although the cytokine vectors demonstrated detectable enhancement of the immune response to different viral antigens, such enhanced response did not translate into better anti-viral control in our experiment. These results underscore the need for further testing of cytokines as vaccine adjuvants in relevant animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Lena
- Center for Comparative Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
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Eplee H, Murray B, Revere JH, Bollmann F, Haddad G, Klimek J, Barna S, Rhodes G, Looki T, Malone A, Molvar M, Pienkowski B, Schoonheim M, Teravainen JP. 4.4 Electronic management systems. Eur J Dent Educ 2002; 6 Suppl 3:152-160. [PMID: 12390272 DOI: 10.1034/j.1600-0579.6.s3.20.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The international development and deployment of an electronic modularized dental curriculum is central to the development of an electronic engine to be used for the effective management of dental education. This will ensure continuity in high quality of care across all boundaries, through the continuous updating of its content and linkages to contemporary resources and databases. An electronic engine to be used for the effective management of dental education in a comprehensive dental school/hospital setting is at the core of an international 'virtual' dental education institution. The issue of policy development necessary to ensure consistency, quality and management for an electronic engine is at the very centre of: a) systems management and system databases; b) records of students, patients and personnel; and c) financial records.
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Pickup RW, Rhodes G, Alamillo ML, Mallinson HE, Thornton SF, Lerner DN. Microbiological analysis of multi-level borehole samples from a contaminated groundwater system. J Contam Hydrol 2001; 53:269-284. [PMID: 11820473 DOI: 10.1016/s0169-7722(01)00169-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
A range of bacteriological, geochemical process-related and molecular techniques have been used to assess the microbial biodegradative potential in groundwater contaminated with phenol and other tar acids. The contaminant plume has travelled 500 m from the pollutant source over several decades. Samples were obtained from the plume using a multi-level sampler (MLS) positioned in two boreholes (boreholes 59 and 60) which vertically transected two areas of the plume. Activity of the microbial community, as represented by phenol degradation potential and ability to utilise a range of substrates, was found to be influenced by the plume. Phenol degradation potential appeared to be influenced more by the concentration of the contaminants than the total bacterial cell numbers. However, in the areas of highest phenol concentration, the depression of cell numbers clearly had an effect. The types of bacteria present were assessed by culture and DNA amplification by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Bacterial groups or processes associated with major geochemical processes, such as methanogenesis, sulphate reduction and denitrification, that have the potential to drive contaminant degradation, were detected at various borehole levels. A comparative molecular analysis of the microbial community between samples obtained from the MLS revealed the microbial community was diverse. The examination of microbial activity complemented those results obtained through chemical analysis, and when combined with hydrological data, showed that MLS samples provided a realistic profile of plume effects and could be related to the potential for natural attenuation of the site.
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Affiliation(s)
- R W Pickup
- NERC-CEH Institute of Freshwater Ecology, Ambleside, Cumbria, UK.
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