1
|
Giolito MV, Bodoirat S, La Rosa T, Reslinger M, Guardia GDA, Mourtada J, Claret L, Joung A, Galante PAF, Penalva LOF, Plateroti M. Impact of the thyroid hormone T3 and its nuclear receptor TRα1 on colon cancer stem cell phenotypes and response to chemotherapies. Cell Death Dis 2024; 15:306. [PMID: 38693105 PMCID: PMC11063186 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-024-06690-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
Colorectal cancers (CRCs) are highly heterogeneous and show a hierarchical organization, with cancer stem cells (CSCs) responsible for tumor development, maintenance, and drug resistance. Our previous studies showed the importance of thyroid hormone-dependent signaling on intestinal tumor development and progression through action on stem cells. These results have a translational value, given that the thyroid hormone nuclear receptor TRα1 is upregulated in human CRCs, including in the molecular subtypes associated with CSC features. We used an established spheroid model generated from the human colon adenocarcinoma cell line Caco2 to study the effects of T3 and TRα1 on spheroid formation, growth, and response to conventional chemotherapies. Our results show that T3 treatment and/or increased TRα1 expression in spheroids impaired the response to FOLFIRI and conferred a survival advantage. This was achieved by stimulating drug detoxification pathways and increasing ALDH1A1-expressing cells, including CSCs, within spheroids. These results suggest that clinical evaluation of the thyroid axis and assessing TRα1 levels in CRCs could help to select optimal therapeutic regimens for patients with CRC. Proposed mechanism of action of T3/TRα1 in colon cancer spheroids. In the control condition, TRα1 participates in maintaining homeostatic cell conditions. The presence of T3 in the culture medium activates TRα1 action on target genes, including the drug efflux pumps ABCG2 and ABCB1. In the case of chemotherapy FOLFIRI, the increased expression of ABC transcripts and proteins induced by T3 treatment is responsible for the augmented efflux of 5-FU and Irinotecan from the cancer cells. Taken together, these mechanisms contribute to the decreased efficacy of the chemotherapy and allow cells to escape the treatment. Created with BioRender.com .
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Humans
- Neoplastic Stem Cells/metabolism
- Neoplastic Stem Cells/drug effects
- Neoplastic Stem Cells/pathology
- Fluorouracil/pharmacology
- Fluorouracil/therapeutic use
- Thyroid Hormone Receptors alpha/metabolism
- Thyroid Hormone Receptors alpha/genetics
- Caco-2 Cells
- Colonic Neoplasms/metabolism
- Colonic Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Colonic Neoplasms/pathology
- Colonic Neoplasms/genetics
- Spheroids, Cellular/drug effects
- Spheroids, Cellular/metabolism
- Spheroids, Cellular/pathology
- Triiodothyronine/pharmacology
- Leucovorin/pharmacology
- Leucovorin/therapeutic use
- Camptothecin/pharmacology
- Camptothecin/analogs & derivatives
- Camptothecin/therapeutic use
- Phenotype
- Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/pharmacology
- Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use
- Aldehyde Dehydrogenase 1 Family/metabolism
- Aldehyde Dehydrogenase 1 Family/genetics
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/drug effects
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/genetics
- Retinal Dehydrogenase/metabolism
- Retinal Dehydrogenase/genetics
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily G, Member 2/metabolism
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily G, Member 2/genetics
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B/metabolism
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B/genetics
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Virginia Giolito
- Université de Strasbourg, INSERM, IRFAC/UMR-S1113, FMTS, 67200, Strasbourg, France
- Pole of Pharmacology and Therapeutics (FATH), Institut de Recherche Experimentale et Clinique (IREC), UCLouvain, Avenue Hippocrate 57, B1.57.04, B-1200, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Serguei Bodoirat
- Université de Strasbourg, INSERM, IRFAC/UMR-S1113, FMTS, 67200, Strasbourg, France
| | - Theo La Rosa
- Stem-Cell and Brain Research Institute, U1208 INSERM, USC1361 INRA, 69675, Bron, France
| | - Mathieu Reslinger
- Université de Strasbourg, INSERM, IRFAC/UMR-S1113, FMTS, 67200, Strasbourg, France
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, INSERM, IGBMC UMR 7104-UMR-S 1258, Illkirch, France
| | | | - Jana Mourtada
- Université de Strasbourg, INSERM, IRFAC/UMR-S1113, FMTS, 67200, Strasbourg, France
| | - Leo Claret
- Université de Strasbourg, INSERM, IRFAC/UMR-S1113, FMTS, 67200, Strasbourg, France
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, INSERM, IGBMC UMR 7104-UMR-S 1258, Illkirch, France
| | - Alain Joung
- Université de Strasbourg, INSERM, IRFAC/UMR-S1113, FMTS, 67200, Strasbourg, France
- Laboratoire de Biologie Tumorale, Institut de Cancérologie Strasbourg Europe, Strasbourg, France
| | - Pedro A F Galante
- Centro de Oncologia Molecular, Hospital Sírio-Libanês, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luiz O F Penalva
- Greehey Children's Cancer Research Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Michelina Plateroti
- Université de Strasbourg, INSERM, IRFAC/UMR-S1113, FMTS, 67200, Strasbourg, France.
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, INSERM, IGBMC UMR 7104-UMR-S 1258, Illkirch, France.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Graffunder AS, Bresser AAJ, Fernandez Vallone V, Megges M, Stachelscheid H, Kühnen P, Opitz R. Spatiotemporal expression of thyroid hormone transporter MCT8 and THRA mRNA in human cerebral organoids recapitulating first trimester cortex development. Sci Rep 2024; 14:9355. [PMID: 38654093 PMCID: PMC11039642 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-59533-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Thyroid hormones (TH) play critical roles during nervous system development and patients carrying coding variants of MCT8 (monocarboxylate transporter 8) or THRA (thyroid hormone receptor alpha) present a spectrum of neurological phenotypes resulting from perturbed local TH action during early brain development. Recently, human cerebral organoids (hCOs) emerged as powerful in vitro tools for disease modelling recapitulating key aspects of early human cortex development. To begin exploring prospects of this model for thyroid research, we performed a detailed characterization of the spatiotemporal expression of MCT8 and THRA in developing hCOs. Immunostaining showed MCT8 membrane expression in neuronal progenitor cell types including early neuroepithelial cells, radial glia cells (RGCs), intermediate progenitors and outer RGCs. In addition, we detected robust MCT8 protein expression in deep layer and upper layer neurons. Spatiotemporal SLC16A2 mRNA expression, detected by fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH), was highly concordant with MCT8 protein expression across cortical cell layers. FISH detected THRA mRNA expression already in neuroepithelium before the onset of neurogenesis. THRA mRNA expression remained low in the ventricular zone, increased in the subventricular zone whereas strong THRA expression was observed in excitatory neurons. In combination with a robust up-regulation of known T3 response genes following T3 treatment, these observations show that hCOs provide a promising and experimentally tractable model to probe local TH action during human cortical neurogenesis and eventually to model the consequences of impaired TH function for early cortex development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adina Sophie Graffunder
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Audrey Amber Julie Bresser
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Valeria Fernandez Vallone
- Core Unit Pluripotent Stem Cells and Organoids (CUSCO), Berlin Institute of Health at Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Matthias Megges
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Harald Stachelscheid
- Core Unit Pluripotent Stem Cells and Organoids (CUSCO), Berlin Institute of Health at Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Peter Kühnen
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Robert Opitz
- Institute of Experimental Pediatric Endocrinology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Sheng Y, Zhu X, Wei L, Zou Y, Qi X, Shi R, Xu W, Wang X, Ding G, Duan Y. Aberrant expression of thyroidal hormone receptor α exasperating mitochondrial dysfunction induced sarcopenia in aged mice. Aging (Albany NY) 2024; 16:7141-7152. [PMID: 38643465 DOI: 10.18632/aging.205748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/22/2024]
Abstract
Disrupted mitochondrial dynamics and mitophagy contribute to functional deterioration of skeletal muscle (SM) during aging, but the regulatory mechanisms are poorly understood. Our previous study demonstrated that the expression of thyroid hormone receptor α (TRα) decreased significantly in aged mice, suggesting that the alteration of thyroidal elements, especially the decreased TRα, might attenuate local THs action thus to cause the degeneration of SM with aging, while the underlying mechanism remains to be further explored. In this study, decreased expression of myogenic regulators Myf5, MyoD1, mitophagy markers Pink1, LC3II/I, p62, as well as mitochondrial dynamic factors Mfn1 and Opa1, accompanied by increased reactive oxygen species (ROS), showed concomitant changes with reduced TRα expression in aged mice. Further TRα loss- and gain-of-function studies in C2C12 revealed that silencing of TRα not only down-regulated the expression of above-mentioned myogenic regulators, mitophagy markers and mitochondrial dynamic factors, but also led to a significant decrease in mitochondrial activity and maximum respiratory capacity, as well as more mitochondrial ROS and damaged mitochondria. Notedly, overexpression of TRα could up-regulate the expression of those myogenic regulators, mitophagy markers and mitochondrial dynamic factors, meanwhile also led to an increase in mitochondrial activity and number. These results confirmed that TRα could concertedly regulate mitochondrial dynamics, autophagy, and activity, and myogenic regulators rhythmically altered with TRα expression. Summarily, these results suggested that the decline of TRα might cause the degeneration of SM with aging by regulating mitochondrial dynamics, mitophagy and myogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yunlu Sheng
- Division of Geriatric Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoxia Zhu
- Division of Geriatric Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lijun Wei
- Division of Geriatric Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuxin Zou
- Division of Geriatric Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xinyu Qi
- Division of Geriatric Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, People’s Republic of China
| | - Runqing Shi
- Division of Geriatric Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenli Xu
- Division of Geriatric Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaodong Wang
- Division of Geriatric Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guoxian Ding
- Division of Geriatric Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yu Duan
- Division of Geriatric Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ai N, Han CR, Zhao H, Cheng SY, Ge W. Disruption of Thyroid Hormone Receptor Thrab Leads to Female Infertility in Zebrafish. Endocrinology 2024; 165:bqae037. [PMID: 38527850 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqae037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
Thyroid hormones (THs) T4 and T3 are vital for development, growth, and metabolism. Thyroid dysfunction can also cause problems in fertility, suggesting involvement of THs in reproduction. In zebrafish, there exist 2 forms of TH receptor alpha gene (thraa and thrab). Disruption of these genes by CRISPR/Cas9 showed no reproductive irregularities in the thraa mutant; however, inactivation of the thrab gene resulted in female infertility. Although young female mutants (thrabm/m) showed normal ovarian development and folliculogenesis before sexual maturation, they failed to release eggs during oviposition after sexual maturation. This spawning failure was due to oviductal blockage at the genital papilla. The obstruction of the oviduct subsequently caused an accumulation of the eggs in the ovary, resulting in severe ovarian hypertrophy, abdominal distention, and disruption of folliculogenesis. Gene expression analysis showed expression of both TH receptors and estrogen receptors in the genital papilla, suggesting a direct TH action and potential interactions between thyroid and estrogen signaling pathways in controlling genital papilla development and function. In addition to their actions in the reproductive tracts, THs may also have direct effects in the ovary, as suggested by follicle atresia and cessation of folliculogenesis in the heterozygous mutant (thrab+/m), which was normal in all aspects of female reproduction in young and sexually mature fish but exhibited premature ovarian failure in aged females. In summary, this study provides substantial evidence for roles of THs in controlling the development and functions of both reproductive tract and ovary.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nana Ai
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Centre of Reproduction, Development and Aging (CRDA), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau 999078, China
| | - Cho Rong Han
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Hui Zhao
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Sheue-Yann Cheng
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Wei Ge
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Centre of Reproduction, Development and Aging (CRDA), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau 999078, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Abstract
Background: The importance of thyroid hormones (THs) for peripheral body temperature regulation has been long recognized, as medical conditions such as hyper- and hypothyroidism lead to alterations in body temperature and energy metabolism. In the past decade, the brain actions of THs and their respective nuclear receptors, thyroid hormone receptor α1 (TRα1) and thyroid hormone receptor beta (TRβ), coordinating body temperature regulation have moved into focus. However, the exact roles of the individual TR isoforms and their precise neuroanatomical substrates remain poorly understood. Methods: Here we used mice expressing a mutant TRα1 (TRα1+m) as well as TRβ knockouts to study body temperature regulation using radiotelemetry in conscious and freely moving animals at different ambient temperatures, including their response to oral 3,3',5-triiodothyronine (T3) treatment. Subsequently, we tested the effects of a dominant-negative TRα1 on body temperature after adeno-associated virus (AAV)-mediated expression in the hypothalamus, a region known to be involved in thermoregulation. Results: While TRβ seems to play a negligible role in body temperature regulation, TRα1+m mice had lower body temperature, which was surprisingly not entirely normalized at 30°C, where defects in facultative thermogenesis or tail heat loss are eliminated as confounding factors. Only oral T3 treatment fully normalized the body temperature profile of TRα1+m mice, suggesting that the mutant TRα1 confers an altered central temperature set point in these mice. When we tested this hypothesis more directly by expressing the dominant-negative TRα1 selectively in the hypothalamus via AAV transfection, we observed a similarly reduced body temperature at room temperature and 30°C. Conclusion: Our data suggest that TRα1 signaling in the hypothalamus is important for maintaining body temperature. However, further studies are needed to dissect the precise neuroanatomical substrates and the downstream pathways mediating this effect.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Christine Sentis
- Institut für Endokrinologie und Diabetes, AG Molekulare Endokrinologie, Universität zu Lübeck/Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism (CBBM), Lübeck, Germany
| | - Riccardo Dore
- Institut für Endokrinologie und Diabetes, AG Molekulare Endokrinologie, Universität zu Lübeck/Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism (CBBM), Lübeck, Germany
| | - Rebecca Oelkrug
- Institut für Endokrinologie und Diabetes, AG Molekulare Endokrinologie, Universität zu Lübeck/Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism (CBBM), Lübeck, Germany
| | - Beke Kolms
- Institut für Endokrinologie und Diabetes, AG Molekulare Endokrinologie, Universität zu Lübeck/Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism (CBBM), Lübeck, Germany
| | - Karl Alexander Iwen
- Institut für Endokrinologie und Diabetes, AG Molekulare Endokrinologie, Universität zu Lübeck/Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism (CBBM), Lübeck, Germany
| | - Jens Mittag
- Institut für Endokrinologie und Diabetes, AG Molekulare Endokrinologie, Universität zu Lübeck/Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism (CBBM), Lübeck, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Manka P, Coombes JD, Sydor S, Swiderska-Syn MK, Best J, Gauthier K, van Grunsven LA, Oo YH, Wang C, Diehl AM, Hönes GS, Moeller LC, Figge A, Boosman RJ, Faber KN, Tannapfel A, Goetze O, Aspichueta P, Lange CM, Canbay A, Syn WK. Thyroid hormone receptor alpha modulates fibrogenesis in hepatic stellate cells. Liver Int 2024; 44:125-138. [PMID: 37872645 DOI: 10.1111/liv.15759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Progressive hepatic fibrosis can be considered the final stage of chronic liver disease. Hepatic stellate cells (HSC) play a central role in liver fibrogenesis. Thyroid hormones (TH, e.g. thyroxine; T4 and triiodothyronine; T3) significantly affect development, growth, cell differentiation and metabolism through activation of TH receptor α and/or β (TRα/β). Here, we evaluated the influence of TH in hepatic fibrogenesis. DESIGN Human liver tissue was obtained from explanted livers following transplantation. TRα-deficient (TRα-KO) and wild-type (WT) mice were fed a control or a profibrogenic methionine-choline deficient (MCD) diet. Liver tissue was assessed by qRT-PCR for fibrogenic gene expression. In vitro, HSC were treated with TGFβ in the presence or absence of T3. HSC with stable TRα knockdown and TRα deficient mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEF) were used to determine receptor-specific function. Activation of HSC and MEF was assessed using the wound healing assay, Western blotting, and qRT-PCR. RESULTS TRα and TRβ expression is downregulated in the liver during hepatic fibrogenesis in humans and mice. TRα represents the dominant isoform in HSC. In vitro, T3 blunted TGFβ-induced expression of fibrogenic genes in HSC and abrogated wound healing by modulating TGFβ signalling, which depended on TRα presence. In vivo, TRα-KO enhanced MCD diet-induced liver fibrogenesis. CONCLUSION These observations indicate that TH action in non-parenchymal cells is highly relevant. The interaction of TRα with TH regulates the phenotype of HSC via the TGFβ signalling pathway. Thus, the TH-TR axis may be a valuable target for future therapy of liver fibrosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paul Manka
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Knappschaftskrankenhaus, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Jason D Coombes
- Inflammation Biology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Svenja Sydor
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Knappschaftskrankenhaus, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Marzena K Swiderska-Syn
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Jan Best
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Knappschaftskrankenhaus, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Karine Gauthier
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon, Univ Lyon, CNRS UMR 5242, INRAE USC 1370 École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université Claude Barnard Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Leo A van Grunsven
- Department of Basic (Bio-)medical Sciences, Liver Cell Biology Research Group, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Ye H Oo
- Centre for Liver Research and NIHR BRC, Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Birmingham Advanced Cell Therapy Facility, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Cindy Wang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Anna M Diehl
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Georg S Hönes
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism and Division of Laboratory Research, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Lars C Moeller
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism and Division of Laboratory Research, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Anja Figge
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Knappschaftskrankenhaus, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - René J Boosman
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Klaas N Faber
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Oliver Goetze
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Knappschaftskrankenhaus, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Patricia Aspichueta
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of Basque Country UPV/EHU, Vizcaya, Spain
- National Institute for the Study of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases (CIBERehd, Instituto de Salud Carlos III), Madrid, Spain
| | - Christian M Lange
- Department of Medicine II, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Ali Canbay
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Knappschaftskrankenhaus, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Wing-Kin Syn
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of Basque Country UPV/EHU, Vizcaya, Spain
- Section of Gastroenterology, Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Lademann F, Tsourdi E, Hofbauer LC, Rauner M. Thyroid hormone receptor Thra and Thrb knockout differentially affects osteoblast biology and thyroid hormone responsiveness in vitro. J Cell Biochem 2023; 124:1948-1960. [PMID: 37992217 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.30500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
Thyroid hormones (TH) are important modulators of bone remodeling and thus, thyroid diseases, in particular hyperthyroidism, are able to compromise bone quality and fracture resistance. TH actions on bone are mediated by the thyroid hormone receptors (TR) TRα1 and TRβ1, encoded by Thra and Thrb, respectively. Skeletal phenotypes of mice lacking Thra (Thra0/0 ) and Thrb (Thrb-/- ) are well-described and suggest that TRα1 is the predominant mediator of TH actions in bone. Considering that bone cells might be affected by systemic TH changes seen in these mutant mice, here we investigated the effects of TR knockout on osteoblasts exclusively at the cellular level. Primary osteoblasts obtained from Thra0/0 , Thrb-/- , and respective wildtype (WT) mice were analyzed regarding their differentiation potential, activity and TH responsiveness in vitro. Thra, but not Thrb knockout promoted differentiation and activity of early, mature and late osteoblasts as compared to respective WT cells. Interestingly, while mineralization capacity and expression of osteoblast marker genes and TH target gene Klf9 was increased by TH in WT and Thra-deficient osteoblasts, Thrb knockout mitigated the responsiveness of osteoblasts to short (48 h) and long term (10 d) TH treatment. Further, we found a low ratio of Rankl, a potent osteoclast stimulator, over osteoprotegerin, an osteoclast inhibitor, in Thrb-deficient osteoblasts and in line, supernatants obtained from Thrb-/- osteoblasts reduced numbers of primary osteoclasts in vitro. In accordance to the increased Rankl/Opg ratio in TH-treated WT osteoblasts only, supernatants from these cells, but not from TH-treated Thrb-/- osteoblasts increased the expression of Trap and Ctsk in osteoclasts, suggesting that osteoclasts are indirectly stimulated by TH via TRβ1 in osteoblasts. In conclusion, our study shows that both Thra and Thrb differentially affect activity, differentiation and TH response of osteoblasts in vitro and emphasizes the importance of TRβ1 to mediate TH actions in bone.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Lademann
- Department of Medicine III and University Center for Healthy Aging, Technische Universität Dresden Medical Center, Dresden, Germany
| | - Elena Tsourdi
- Department of Medicine III and University Center for Healthy Aging, Technische Universität Dresden Medical Center, Dresden, Germany
| | - Lorenz C Hofbauer
- Department of Medicine III and University Center for Healthy Aging, Technische Universität Dresden Medical Center, Dresden, Germany
| | - Martina Rauner
- Department of Medicine III and University Center for Healthy Aging, Technische Universität Dresden Medical Center, Dresden, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Hwang E, Doolittle WKL, Zhu YJ, Zhu X, Zhao L, Yu Y, Cheng SY. Thyroid hormone receptor α1: a novel regulator of thyroid cancer cell differentiation. Oncogene 2023; 42:3075-3086. [PMID: 37634007 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-023-02815-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/28/2023]
Abstract
Thyroid hormone receptor α1 (TRα1) mediates the genomic actions of thyroid hormone (T3). The biology of TRα1 in growth and development has been well studied, but the functional role of TRα1 in cancers remains to be elucidated. Analysis of the human thyroid cancer database of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) showed that THRA gene expression is lost in highly dedifferentiated anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC). We, therefore, explored the effects of TRα1 on the progression of ATC. We stably expressed TRα1 in two human ATC cell lines, THJ-11T (11T-TRα1 #2, #7, and #8) and THJ-16T (16T-TRα1 #3, #4, and #8) cells. We found that the expressed TRα1 inhibited ATC cell proliferation and induced apoptosis. TCGA data showed that THRA gene expression was best correlated with the paired box gene 8 (PAX8). Consistently, we found that the PAX8 expression was barely detectable in parental 11T and 16T cells. However, PAX8 gene expression was elevated in 11T- and 16T-TRα1-expressing cells at the mRNA and protein levels. Using various molecular analyses, we found that TRα1 directly regulated the expression of the PAX8 gene. Single-cell transcriptomic analyses (scRNA-seq) demonstrated that TRα1 functions as a transcription factor through multiple signaling pathways to suppress tumor growth. Importantly, scRNA-seq analysis showed that TRα1-induced PAX8, via its transcription program, shifts the cell landscape of ATC toward a differentiated state. The present studies suggest that TRα1 is a newly identified regulator of thyroid differentiation and could be considered as a potential therapeutic target to improve the outcome of ATC patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eunmi Hwang
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Woo Kyung Lee Doolittle
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
- Department of Medicine, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Yuelin Jack Zhu
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Xuguang Zhu
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Li Zhao
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Yanlin Yu
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Sheue-Yann Cheng
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Sreenivasan VKA, Dore R, Resch J, Maier J, Dietrich C, Henck J, Balachandran S, Mittag J, Spielmann M. Single-cell RNA-based phenotyping reveals a pivotal role of thyroid hormone receptor alpha for hypothalamic development. Development 2023; 150:286776. [PMID: 36715020 PMCID: PMC10110490 DOI: 10.1242/dev.201228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Thyroid hormone and its receptor TRα1 play an important role in brain development. Several animal models have been used to investigate this function, including mice heterozygous for the TRα1R384C mutation, which confers receptor-mediated hypothyroidism. These mice display abnormalities in several autonomic functions, which was partially attributed to a developmental defect in hypothalamic parvalbumin neurons. However, whether other cell types in the hypothalamus are similarly affected remains unknown. Here, we used single-nucleus RNA sequencing to obtain an unbiased view on the importance of TRα1 for hypothalamic development and cellular diversity. Our data show that defective TRα1 signaling has surprisingly little effect on the development of hypothalamic neuronal populations, but it heavily affects hypothalamic oligodendrocytes. Using selective reactivation of the mutant TRα1 during specific developmental periods, we find that early postnatal thyroid hormone action seems to be crucial for proper hypothalamic oligodendrocyte maturation. Taken together, our findings underline the well-known importance of postnatal thyroid health for brain development and provide an unbiased roadmap for the identification of cellular targets of TRα1 action in mouse hypothalamic development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Varun K A Sreenivasan
- Institute of Human Genetics, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, University of Lübeck and University of Kiel, Lübeck 23562, Germany
| | - Riccardo Dore
- Institute for Endocrinology and Diabetes, University of Lübeck and Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein Campus Lübeck, Center of Brain Behavior and Metabolism (CBBM), Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Julia Resch
- Institute for Endocrinology and Diabetes, University of Lübeck and Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein Campus Lübeck, Center of Brain Behavior and Metabolism (CBBM), Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Julia Maier
- Institute for Endocrinology and Diabetes, University of Lübeck and Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein Campus Lübeck, Center of Brain Behavior and Metabolism (CBBM), Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Carola Dietrich
- Human Molecular Genomics Group, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin 14195, Germany
| | - Jana Henck
- Institute of Human Genetics, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, University of Lübeck and University of Kiel, Lübeck 23562, Germany
- Human Molecular Genomics Group, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin 14195, Germany
| | - Saranya Balachandran
- Institute of Human Genetics, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, University of Lübeck and University of Kiel, Lübeck 23562, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Hamburg/Lübeck/Kiel, Lübeck 23562, Germany
| | - Jens Mittag
- Institute for Endocrinology and Diabetes, University of Lübeck and Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein Campus Lübeck, Center of Brain Behavior and Metabolism (CBBM), Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Malte Spielmann
- Institute of Human Genetics, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, University of Lübeck and University of Kiel, Lübeck 23562, Germany
- Human Molecular Genomics Group, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin 14195, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Hamburg/Lübeck/Kiel, Lübeck 23562, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Kim M, Kruhlak M, Hoffmann V, Zerfas P, Bishop K, Doolittle WKL, Edmondson EF, Zhu YJ, Cheng SY. Morphological and Functional Colonic Defects Caused by a Mutated Thyroid Hormone Receptor α. Thyroid 2023; 33:239-250. [PMID: 36103385 PMCID: PMC10081711 DOI: 10.1089/thy.2022.0336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Background: Mutations of thyroid hormone receptor α (TRα1) result in resistance to thyroid hormone (RTHα), exhibiting symptoms of retarded growth, delayed bone maturation, anemia, and severe constipation. Using a mouse model of RTHα (Thra1PV/+ mouse), we aimed at understanding the molecular basis underlying the severe constipation observed in patients. Methods: The Thra1PV/+ mouse expresses a strong dominant negative mutant, PV, which has lost T3 binding and transcription activity. Thra1PV/+ mouse faithfully reproduces growth abnormalities and anemia as shown in RTHα patients and therefore is a valid model to examine causes of severe constipation in patients. We used histopathological analysis, confocal fluorescence imaging, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and gene expression profiles to comprehensively analyze the colonic abnormalities of Thra1PV/+ mouse. Results: We found a significant increase in colonic transit time and decrease stool water content in Thra1PV/+ mouse, mimicking constipation as found in patients. Histopathological analysis showed expanded lamina propria filled with interstitium fluid between crypt columns, enlarged muscularis mucosa, and increased content of collagen in expanded submucosa. The TEM analysis revealed shorter muscle fibers with wider gap junctions between muscle cells, fewer caveolae, and hypoplastic interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC) in the rectal smooth muscles of Thra1PV/+ mice. These abnormal histological manifestations suggested defective intercellular transfer of small molecules, electrolytes, and signals for communication among muscles cells, validated by Lucifer Yellow transferring assays. Expression of key smooth muscle contractility regulators, such as calmodulin, myosin light-chain kinase, and phosphorylated myosin light chain, was markedly lower, and c-KIT signaling in ICC was attenuated, resulting in decreased contractility of the rectal smooth muscles of Thra1PV/+ mice. Collectively, these abnormal histopathological alterations and diminished contractility regulators led to the constipation exhibited in patients. Conclusions: This is the first demonstration that TRα1 mutants could act to cause abnormal rectum smooth muscle organization, defects in intercellular exchange of small molecules, and decreased expression of contractility regulators to weaken the contractility of rectal smooth muscles. These findings provide new insights into the molecular basis underlying constipation found in RTHα patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Minjun Kim
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Michael Kruhlak
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Victoria Hoffmann
- Office of Research Services, Diagnostic and Research Services Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Patricia Zerfas
- Office of Research Services, Diagnostic and Research Services Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Kevin Bishop
- Translational and Functional Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Woo Kyung Lee Doolittle
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Elijah F. Edmondson
- Molecular Histopathology Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Yuelin Jack Zhu
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Sheue-yann Cheng
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Pape J, Kerp H, Lieder HR, Geist D, Hönes GS, Moeller LC, Kleinbongard P, Führer D. Cardioprotection by Hypothyroidism Is Not Mediated by Favorable Hemodynamics-Role of Canonical Thyroid Hormone Receptor Alpha Signaling. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:13340. [PMID: 36362133 PMCID: PMC9656281 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypothyroidism has been shown to reduce infarct size in rats, but the underlying mechanisms are unclear. We used isolated pressure-constant perfused hearts of control, hypothyroid and hyperthyroid mice and measured infarct size, functional parameters and phosphorylation of key molecules in cardioprotective signaling with matched heart rate. Compared with controls, hypothyroidism was cardioprotective, while hyperthyroidism was detrimental with enlarged infarct size. Next, we asked how thyroid hormone receptor α (TRα) affects ischemia/reperfusion (IR) injury. Thus, canonical and noncanonical TRα signaling was investigated in the hearts of (i) mice lacking TRα (TRα0), (ii) with a mutation in TRα DNA-binding domain (TRαGS) and (iii) in hyperthyroid TRα0 (TRα0hyper) and TRαGS mice (TRαGShyper). TRα0 mouse hearts were protected against IR injury. Furthermore, infarct size was reduced in the hearts of TRαGS mice that lack canonical TRα signaling but maintain noncanonical TRα action. Hyperthyroidism did not increase infarct size in TRα0 and TRαGS mouse hearts. These cardioprotective effects were not associated with increased phosphorylation of key proteins of RISK, SAFE and eNOS pathways. In summary, chronic hypothyroidism and the lack of canonical TRα signaling are cardioprotective in IR injury and protection is not due to favorable changes in hemodynamics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Janina Pape
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45122 Essen, Germany
| | - Helena Kerp
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45122 Essen, Germany
| | - Helmut R. Lieder
- West German Heart and Vascular Center Essen, Institute for Pathophysiology, University of Essen Medical School, 45122 Essen, Germany
| | - Daniela Geist
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45122 Essen, Germany
| | - Georg Sebastian Hönes
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45122 Essen, Germany
| | - Lars C. Moeller
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45122 Essen, Germany
| | - Petra Kleinbongard
- West German Heart and Vascular Center Essen, Institute for Pathophysiology, University of Essen Medical School, 45122 Essen, Germany
| | - Dagmar Führer
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45122 Essen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Yao B, Yang C, Pan C, Li Y. Thyroid hormone resistance: Mechanisms and therapeutic development. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2022; 553:111679. [PMID: 35738449 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2022.111679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
As an essential primary hormone, thyroid hormone (TH) is indispensable for human growth, development and metabolism. Impairment of TH function in several aspects, including TH synthesis, activation, transportation and receptor-dependent transactivation, can eventually lead to thyroid hormone resistance syndrome (RTH). RTH is a rare syndrome that manifests as a reduced target cell response to TH signaling. The majority of RTH cases are related to thyroid hormone receptor β (TRβ) mutations, and only a few RTH cases are associated with thyroid hormone receptor α (TRα) mutations or other causes. Patients with RTH suffer from goiter, mental retardation, short stature and bradycardia or tachycardia. To date, approximately 170 mutated TRβ variants and more than 20 mutated TRα variants at the amino acid level have been reported in RTH patients. In addition to these mutated proteins, some TR isoforms can also reduce TH function by competing with primary TRs for TRE and RXR binding. Fortunately, different treatments for RTH have been explored with structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies and drug design, and among these treatments. With thyromimetic potency but biochemical properties that differ from those of primary TH (T3 and T4), these TH analogs can bypass specific defective transporters or reactive mutant TRs. However, these compounds must be carefully applied to avoid over activating TRα, which is associated with more severe heart impairment. The structural mechanisms of mutation-induced RTH in the TR ligand-binding domain are summarized in this review. Furthermore, strategies to overcome this resistance for therapeutic development are also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benqiang Yao
- The State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Fujian, 361005, China
| | - Chunyan Yang
- The State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Fujian, 361005, China.
| | - Chengxi Pan
- The State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Fujian, 361005, China
| | - Yong Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Fujian, 361005, China.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Tanizaki Y, Shibata Y, Zhang H, Shi YB. Thyroid Hormone Receptor α Controls the Hind Limb Metamorphosis by Regulating Cell Proliferation and Wnt Signaling Pathways in Xenopus tropicalis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031223. [PMID: 35163147 PMCID: PMC8835992 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Thyroid hormone (T3) receptors (TRs) mediate T3 effects on vertebrate development. We have studied Xenopus tropicalis metamorphosis as a model for postembryonic human development and demonstrated that TRα knockout induces precocious hind limb development. To reveal the molecular pathways regulated by TRα during limb development, we performed chromatin immunoprecipitation- and RNA-sequencing on the hind limb of premetamorphic wild type and TRα knockout tadpoles, and identified over 700 TR-bound genes upregulated by T3 treatment in wild type but not TRα knockout tadpoles. Interestingly, most of these genes were expressed at higher levels in the hind limb of premetamorphic TRα knockout tadpoles than stage-matched wild-type tadpoles, suggesting their derepression upon TRα knockout. Bioinformatic analyses revealed that these genes were highly enriched with cell cycle and Wingless/Integrated (Wnt) signaling-related genes. Furthermore, cell cycle and Wnt signaling pathways were also highly enriched among genes bound by TR in wild type but not TRα knockout hind limb. These findings suggest that direct binding of TRα to target genes related to cell cycle and Wnt pathways is important for limb development: first preventing precocious hind limb formation by repressing these pathways as unliganded TR before metamorphosis and later promoting hind limb development during metamorphosis by mediating T3 activation of these pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Tanizaki
- Section on Molecular Morphogenesis, Cell Regulation and Development Affinity Group, Division of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (Y.T.); (Y.S.)
| | - Yuki Shibata
- Section on Molecular Morphogenesis, Cell Regulation and Development Affinity Group, Division of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (Y.T.); (Y.S.)
- Center for the Development of New Model Organisms, National Institute for Basic Biology, National Institute of Natural Sciences, Okazaki 444-8585, Aichi, Japan
| | - Hongen Zhang
- Bioinformatics and Scientific Programming Core, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA;
| | - Yun-Bo Shi
- Section on Molecular Morphogenesis, Cell Regulation and Development Affinity Group, Division of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (Y.T.); (Y.S.)
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Xi Y, Zhang D, Liang Y, Shan Z, Teng X, Teng W. Proteomic Analysis of the Intestinal Resistance to Thyroid Hormone Mouse Model With Thyroid Hormone Receptor Alpha Mutations. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:773516. [PMID: 35574030 PMCID: PMC9095823 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.773516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Thyroid hormone is critical during the development of vertebrates and affects the function of many organs and tissues, especially the intestine. Triiodothyronine (T3) is the active form and can bind to thyroid hormone nuclear receptors (TRs) to play a vital role in the development of vertebrates. The resistance to thyroid hormone α, as seen in patients, has been mimicked by the ThraE403X mutation. To investigate the mechanisms underlying the effect of TRα1 on intestinal development, the present study employed proteomic analysis to identify differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) in the distal ileum between homozygous ThraE403X/E403X and wild-type Thra+/+ mice. A total of 1,189 DEPs were identified, including 603 upregulated and 586 downregulated proteins. Proteomic analysis revealed that the DEPs were highly enriched in the metabolic process, the developmental process, the transporter of the nutrients, and the intestinal immune system-related pathway. Of these DEPs, 20 proteins were validated by parallel reaction monitoring analysis. Our intestinal proteomic results provide promising candidates for future studies, as they suggest novel mechanisms by which TRα1 may influence intestinal development, such as the transport of intestinal nutrients and the establishment of innate and adaptive immune barriers of the intestine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yue Xi
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Endocrine Institute, and Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine Diseases, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Dan Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Yue Liang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Endocrine Institute, and Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine Diseases, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhongyan Shan
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Endocrine Institute, and Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine Diseases, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiaochun Teng
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Endocrine Institute, and Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine Diseases, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaochun Teng, ; Weiping Teng,
| | - Weiping Teng
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Endocrine Institute, and Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine Diseases, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaochun Teng, ; Weiping Teng,
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Abstract
Background: Maternal thyroid hormone (TH) plays an essential role for fetal development, especially for the cardiovascular system and its central control. However, the precise consequences of altered TH action during the different periods in pregnancy remain poorly understood. Methods: To address this question, we used mice heterozygous for a mutant thyroid hormone receptor α1 (TRα1) and wild-type controls that were born to wild-type mothers treated with 3,3',5-triiodothyronine (T3) during the first or the second half of pregnancy. We then phenotyped the offspring animals as adults by in vivo measurements and postmortem tissue analyses. Results: Maternal T3 treatment in either half of the pregnancy did not affect postnatal growth development. Serum thyroxine and hypophyseal thyrotropin subunit beta or deiodinase type II expression was also not affected in any group, only TRα1 mutant males exhibited a reduction in serum T3 levels after the treatment. Likewise, hepatic deiodinase type I was not altered, but serum selenium levels were reduced by the maternal treatment in wild-type offspring of both genders. Most interestingly, a significant increase in heart weight was found in adult wild-types born to mothers that received T3 during the first or second half of pregnancy, while TRα1 mutant males were protected from this effect. Moreover, we detected a significant increase in heart rate selectively in male mice that were exposed to elevated maternal T3 in the second half of the pregnancy. Conclusion: Taken together, our findings demonstrate that maternal TH is of particular relevance during the second half of pregnancy for establishing cardiac properties, with specific effects depending on TRα1 or gender. The data advocate routinely monitoring TH levels during pregnancy to avoid adverse cardiac effects in the offspring.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Pedaran
- Institut für Endokrinologie und Diabetes, Center of Brain Behavior and Metabolism (CBBM), University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Rebecca Oelkrug
- Institut für Endokrinologie und Diabetes, Center of Brain Behavior and Metabolism (CBBM), University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Qian Sun
- Institut für Experimentelle Endokrinologie, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Julia Resch
- Institut für Endokrinologie und Diabetes, Center of Brain Behavior and Metabolism (CBBM), University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Lutz Schomburg
- Institut für Experimentelle Endokrinologie, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jens Mittag
- Institut für Endokrinologie und Diabetes, Center of Brain Behavior and Metabolism (CBBM), University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Zhou J, Gauthier K, Ho JP, Lim A, Zhu XG, Han CR, Sinha RA, Cheng SY, Yen PM. Thyroid Hormone Receptor α Regulates Autophagy, Mitochondrial Biogenesis, and Fatty Acid Use in Skeletal Muscle. Endocrinology 2021; 162:6291921. [PMID: 34086893 PMCID: PMC8427735 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqab112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle (SM) weakness occurs in hypothyroidism and resistance to thyroid hormone α (RTHα) syndrome. However, the cell signaling and molecular mechanism(s) underlying muscle weakness under these conditions is not well understood. We thus examined the role of thyroid hormone receptor α (TRα), the predominant TR isoform in SM, on autophagy, mitochondrial biogenesis, and metabolism to demonstrate the molecular mechanism(s) underlying muscle weakness in these two conditions. Two genetic mouse models were used in this study: TRα1PV/+ mice, which express the mutant Thra1PV gene ubiquitously, and SM-TRα1L400R/+ mice, which express TRα1L400R in a muscle-specific manner. Gastrocnemius muscle from TRα1PV/+, SM-TRα1L400R/+, and their control mice was harvested for analyses. We demonstrated that loss of TRα1 signaling in gastrocnemius muscle from both the genetic mouse models led to decreased autophagy as evidenced by accumulation of p62 and decreased expression of lysosomal markers (lysosomal-associated membrane protein [LAMP]-1 and LAMP-2) and lysosomal proteases (cathepsin B and cathepsin D). The expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1α (PGC1α), mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM), and estrogen-related receptor α (ERRα), key factors contributing to mitochondrial biogenesis as well as mitochondrial proteins, were decreased, suggesting that there was reduced mitochondrial biogenesis due to the expression of mutant TRα1. Transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses of SM suggested that lipid catabolism was impaired and was associated with decreased acylcarnitines and tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates in the SM from the mouse line expressing SM-specific mutant TRα1. Our results provide new insight into TRα1-mediated cell signaling, molecular, and metabolic changes that occur in SM when TR action is impaired.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jin Zhou
- Program of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
- Correspondence: Jin Zhou, PhD, Program of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Rd, Singapore 169857, Singapore.
| | - Karine Gauthier
- Institut de Genomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon, Universite de Lyon, 69007 Lyon, France
| | - Jia Pei Ho
- Program of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Andrea Lim
- Program of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Xu-Guang Zhu
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Cho Rong Han
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Rohit Anthony Sinha
- Department of Endocrinology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow 226014, India
| | - Sheue-Yann Cheng
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Paul Michael Yen
- Program of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Durham, North Carolina 27701, USA
- Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA
- Correspondence: Paul M. Yen, MD, Program of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Rd, Singapore 169857, Singapore.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Geist D, Hönes GS, Gassen J, Kerp H, Kleinbongard P, Heusch G, Führer D, Moeller LC. Noncanonical Thyroid Hormone Receptor α Action Mediates Arterial Vasodilation. Endocrinology 2021; 162:6276892. [PMID: 33999131 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqab099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Hypothyroidism impairs cardiovascular health and contributes to endothelial dysfunction with reduced vasodilation. How 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine (T3) and its receptors are involved in the regulation of vasomotion is not yet fully understood. In general, thyroid hormone receptors (TRs) either influence gene expression (canonical action) or rapidly activate intracellular signaling pathways (noncanonical action). OBJECTIVE Here we aimed to characterize the T3 action underlying the mechanism of arterial vasodilation and blood pressure (BP) regulation. METHODS Mesenteric arteries were isolated from male rats, wild-type (WT) mice, TRα knockout (TRα 0) mice, and from knockin mice with a mutation in the DNA-binding domain (TRα GS). In this mutant, DNA binding and thus canonical action is abrogated while noncanonical signaling is preserved. In a wire myograph system, the isolated vessels were preconstricted with norepinephrine. The response to T3 was measured, and the resulting vasodilation (Δ force [mN]) was normalized to maximum contraction with norepinephrine and expressed as percentage vasodilation after maximal preconstriction with norepinephrine (%NE). Isolated vessels were treated with T3 (1 × 10-15 to 1 × 10-5 mol/L) alone and in combination with the endothelial nitric oxide-synthase (eNOS) inhibitor L-NG-nitroarginine methyl ester (L-NAME) or the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitor wortmannin. The endothelium was removed to determine the contribution of T3 to endothelium-dependent vasodilation. The physiological relevance of T3-induced vasodilation was determined by in vivo arterial BP measurements in male and female mice. RESULTS T3 treatment induced vasodilation of mesenteric arteries from WT mice within 2 minutes (by 21.5 ± 1.7%NE). This effect was absent in arteries from TRα 0 mice (by 5.3 ± 0.6%NE, P < .001 vs WT) but preserved in TRα GS arteries (by 17.2 ± 1.1%NE, not significant vs WT). Inhibition of either eNOS or PI3K reduced T3-mediated vasodilation from 52.7 ± 4.5%NE to 28.5 ± 4.1%NE and 22.7 ± 2.9%NE, respectively. Removal of the endothelium abolished the T3-mediated vasodilation in rat mesenteric arteries (by 36.7 ± 5.4%NE vs 3.5 ± 6.2%NE). In vivo, T3 injection led to a rapid decrease of arterial BP in WT (by 13.9 ± 1.9 mm Hg) and TRα GS mice (by 12.4 ± 1.9 mm Hg), but not in TRα 0 mice (by 4.1 ± 1.9 mm Hg). CONCLUSION These results demonstrate that T3 acting through noncanonical TRα action affects cardiovascular physiology by inducing endothelium-dependent vasodilation within minutes via PI3K and eNOS activation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Geist
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - G Sebastian Hönes
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Janina Gassen
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Helena Kerp
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Petra Kleinbongard
- Institute of Pathophysiology, West German Heart and Vascular Center, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Gerd Heusch
- Institute of Pathophysiology, West German Heart and Vascular Center, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Dagmar Führer
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Lars C Moeller
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Di Cicco E, Moran C, Visser WE, Nappi A, Schoenmakers E, Todd P, Lyons G, Dattani M, Ambrosio R, Parisi S, Salvatore D, Chatterjee K, Dentice M. Germ Line Mutations in the Thyroid Hormone Receptor Alpha Gene Predispose to Cutaneous Tags and Melanocytic Nevi. Thyroid 2021; 31:1114-1126. [PMID: 33509032 PMCID: PMC8290313 DOI: 10.1089/thy.2020.0391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Background: Many physiological effects of thyroid hormone (TH) are mediated by its canonical action via nuclear receptors (TH receptor α and β [TRα and TRβ]) to regulate transcription of target genes. Heterozygous dominant negative mutations in human TRα mediate resistance to thyroid hormone alpha (RTHα), characterized by features of hypothyroidism (e.g., skeletal dysplasia, neurodevelopmental retardation, constipation) in specific tissues, but near-normal circulating TH concentrations. Hitherto, 41 RTHα cases have been recorded worldwide. Methods: RTHα cases (n = 10) attending a single center underwent cutaneous assessment, recording skin lesions. Lesions excised from different RTHα patients were analyzed histologically and profiled for cellular markers of proliferation and oncogenic potential. Proliferative characteristics of dermal fibroblasts and inducible pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived keratinocytes from patients and control subjects were analyzed. Results: Multiple skin tags and nevi were recorded in all cases, mainly in the head and neck area with a predilection for flexures. The affected patients had highly deleterious mutations (p.E403X, p.E403K, p.F397fs406X, p.A382PfsX7) involving TRα1 alone or mild/moderate loss-of-function mutations (p.A263V, p.L274P) common to TRα1 and TRα2 isoforms. In four patients, although lesions excised for cosmetic reasons were benign intradermal melanocytic nevi histologically, they significantly overexpressed markers of cell proliferation (K17, cyclin D1) and type 3 deiodinase. In addition, oncogenic markers typical of basal cell carcinoma (Gli-1, Gli-2, Ptch-1, n = 2 cases) and melanoma (c-kit, MAGE, CDK4, n = 1) were markedly upregulated in skin lesions. Cell cycle progression and proliferation of TRα mutation-containing dermal fibroblasts and iPSC-derived keratinocytes from patients were markedly increased. Conclusions: Our observations highlight frequent occurrence of skin tags and benign melanocytic nevi in RTHα, with cutaneous cells from patients being in a hyperproliferative state. Such excess of skin lesions, including nevi expressing oncogenic markers, indicates that dermatologic surveillance of RTHα patients, monitoring lesions for features that are suspicious for neoplastic change, is warranted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emery Di Cicco
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Carla Moran
- Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - W. Edward Visser
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Annarita Nappi
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Erik Schoenmakers
- Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Pamela Todd
- Department of Dermatology, Addenbrookes Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Greta Lyons
- Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Mehul Dattani
- Genetics and Genomics Programme, UCL GOS Institute of Child Health London; Great Ormond St Hospital for Children, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Endocrinology, Great Ormond St Hospital for Children, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Silvia Parisi
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, and University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Domenico Salvatore
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Krishna Chatterjee
- Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Address correspondence to: Krishna Chatterjee, MD, Level 4, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Box 289, Addenbrookes Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Monica Dentice
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
- Address correspondence to: Monica Dentice, PhD, Laboratory of Molecular Endocrinology, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Via Pansini 5, Naples 80131, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Park S, Zhu X, Kim M, Zhao L, Cheng SY. Thyroid Hormone Receptor α1 Mutants Impair B Lymphocyte Development in a Mouse Model. Thyroid 2021; 31:994-1002. [PMID: 33267733 PMCID: PMC8349714 DOI: 10.1089/thy.2019.0782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Background: Mutations of the thyroid hormone receptor α (THRA) gene cause resistance to thyroid hormone (RTHα). RTHα patients exhibit very mild abnormal thyroid function test results (serum triiodothyronine can be high-normal to high; thyroxine normal to low; thyrotropin is normal or mildly raised) but manifest hypothyroid symptoms with growth retardation, delayed bone development, and anemia. Much has been learned about the in vivo molecular actions in TRα1 mutants affecting abnormal growth, bone development, and anemia by using a mouse model of RTHα (Thra1PV/+ mice). However, it is not clear whether TRα1 mutants affect lymphopoiesis in RTHα patients. The present study addressed the question of whether TRα1 mutants could cause defective lymphopoiesis. Methods: We assessed lymphocyte abundance in the peripheral circulation and in the lymphoid organs of Thra1PV/+ mice. We evaluated the effect of thyroid hormone on B cell development in the bone and spleen of these mice. We identified key transcription factors that are directly regulated by TRα1 in the regulation of B cell development. Results: Compared with wild-type mice, a significant reduction in B cells, but not in T cells, was detected in the peripheral circulation, bone marrow, and spleen of Thra1PV/+ mice. The expression of key transcription regulators of B cell development, such as Ebf1, Tcf3, and Pax5, was significantly decreased in the bone marrow and spleen of Thra1PV/+ mice. We further elucidated that the Ebf1 gene, essential for lineage specification in the early B cell development, was directly regulated by TRα1. Thus, mutations of TRα1 could impair B cell development in the bone marrow via suppression of key regulators of B lymphopoiesis. Conclusions: Analysis of lymphopoiesis in a mouse model of RTHα showed that B cell lymphopoiesis was suppressed by TRα1 mutations. The suppressed development of B cells was, at least in part, via inhibition of the expression of key regulators, Ebf1, Tcf3, and Pax5, by TRα1 mutations. These findings suggest that the mutations of the THRA gene in patients could lead to B cell deficiency.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sunmi Park
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Xuguang Zhu
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Minjun Kim
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Li Zhao
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Sheue-Yann Cheng
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Address correspondence to: Sheue-Yann Cheng, PhD, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Building 37, Room: 5128A2, 37 Convent Drive MSC 4264, Bethesda, MD 20892-4264, USA
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Abstract
Resistance to thyroid hormone alpha (RTHα) is caused by mutations in thyroid hormone receptor α (THRA). Little is known about the natural history and treatment of RTHα, and diagnosis before the age of 1 year has not been previously reported. A de novo heterozygous THRA mutation (pC380SfsX9) was identified in a 10-month-old female investigated for developmental delay, hypotonia, macrocephaly, and severe constipation. Treatment with levothyroxine was accompanied by an appropriate rise in thyroxine (T4), triiodothyronine (T3), as well as decrease in thyrotropin levels and in the T3/T4 ratio with a trend toward normalization of peripheral markers of thyroid hormone action. THRA pC380SfsX9 results in extreme RTHα.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ary E. Furman
- Department of Medicine, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| | | | - Samuel Refetoff
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Department of Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Roy E. Weiss
- Department of Medicine, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
- Address correspondence to: Roy E. Weiss, MD, PhD, Department of Medicine, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, 1120 NW 14th Street, Suite 310F, Miami, FL 33133, USA
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Paisdzior S, Knierim E, Kleinau G, Biebermann H, Krude H, Straussberg R, Schuelke M. A New Mechanism in THRA Resistance: The First Disease-Associated Variant Leading to an Increased Inhibitory Function of THRA2. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22105338. [PMID: 34069457 PMCID: PMC8159125 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22105338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The nuclear thyroid hormone receptors (THRs) are key mediators of thyroid hormone function on the cellular level via modulation of gene expression. Two different genes encode THRs (THRA and THRB), and are pleiotropically involved in development, metabolism, and growth. The THRA1 and THRA2 isoforms, which result from alternative splicing of THRA, differ in their C-terminal ligand-binding domain (LBD). Most published disease-associated THRA variants are located in the LBD of THRA1 and impede triiodothyronine (T3) binding. This keeps the nuclear receptor in an inactive state and inhibits target gene expression. Here, we investigated a new dominant THRA variant (chr17:g.38,241,010A > G, GRCh37.13 | c.518A > G, NM_199334 | p.(E173G), NP_955366), which is located between the DNA- and ligand-binding domains and affects both splicing isoforms. Patients presented partially with hypothyroid (intellectual disability, motor developmental delay, brain atrophy, and constipation) and partially with hyperthyroid symptoms (tachycardia and behavioral abnormalities) to varying degrees. Functional characterization of THRA1p.(E173G) by reporter gene assays revealed increased transcriptional activity in contrast to THRA1(WT), unexpectedly revealing the first gain-of-function mutation found in THRA1. The THRA2 isoform does not bind T3 and antagonizes THRA1 action. Introduction of p.(E173G) into THRA2 increased its inhibitory effect on THRA1, which helps to explain the hypothyroid symptoms seen in our patients. We used protein structure models to investigate possible underlying pathomechanisms of this variant with a gain-of-antagonistic function and suggest that the p.(E173G) variant may have an influence on the dimerization domain of the nuclear receptor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Paisdzior
- Institute of Experimental Pediatric Endocrinology, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, D-13353 Berlin, Germany; (S.P.); (H.B.); (H.K.)
| | - Ellen Knierim
- NeuroCure Cluster of Excellence; Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, D-10117 Berlin, Germany;
- Department of Neuropediatrics, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, D-13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Gunnar Kleinau
- Institute of Medical Physics and Biophysics, Group Protein X-ray Crystallography and Signal Transduction, D-10117 Berlin, Germany;
| | - Heike Biebermann
- Institute of Experimental Pediatric Endocrinology, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, D-13353 Berlin, Germany; (S.P.); (H.B.); (H.K.)
| | - Heiko Krude
- Institute of Experimental Pediatric Endocrinology, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, D-13353 Berlin, Germany; (S.P.); (H.B.); (H.K.)
| | - Rachel Straussberg
- Schneider Children’s Medical Center, Petach Tikva, Israel, Department of Child Neurology, Neurogenetic Service, affiliated to Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv IL-69978, Israel
- Correspondence: (R.S.); (M.S.); Tel.: +972-3-9253870 (R.S.); +49-30-450566112 (M.S.); FAX: +972-3-9253871 (R.S.); +49-30-45066920 (M.S.)
| | - Markus Schuelke
- NeuroCure Cluster of Excellence; Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, D-10117 Berlin, Germany;
- Department of Neuropediatrics, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, D-13353 Berlin, Germany
- Correspondence: (R.S.); (M.S.); Tel.: +972-3-9253870 (R.S.); +49-30-450566112 (M.S.); FAX: +972-3-9253871 (R.S.); +49-30-45066920 (M.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Liang Y, Zhao D, Wang R, Dang P, Xi Y, Zhang D, Wang W, Shan Z, Teng X, Teng W. Generation and Characterization of a New Resistance to Thyroid Hormone Mouse Model with Thyroid Hormone Receptor Alpha Gene Mutation. Thyroid 2021; 31:678-691. [PMID: 32924834 DOI: 10.1089/thy.2019.0733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Background: In humans, resistance to thyroid hormone (RTH) caused by mutations in the thyroid hormone receptor alpha (THRA) gene, RTHα, manifests as tissue-specific hypothyroidism and circulating thyroid hormone levels exhibit hypothyroid-like clinical features. Before the identification of patients with RTHα, several Thrα1 knock-in mouse models were generated to clarify the function of TRα1. However, the phenotypes of these mice were not consistent with the clinical presentation of RTHα in humans. For the present study, we generated an RTHα mouse model that carries the Thra1E403X mutation found in human RTHα patients. Here, we report the gross phenotypes of this mouse RTHα model. Methods: Traditional homologous recombination gene targeting techniques were used to introduce a mutation (Thra1E403X) in the mouse Thra gene. The phenotypes of the resulting mice were studied and compared with clinical features observed for RTHα with THRAE403X. Results: Thrα1E403X/E403X homozygous mice exhibited severe neurological phenotypes, such as spasticity and motor ataxia, which were similar to those observed in endemic cretinism. Thrα1E403X/+ heterozygous mice reproduced most clinical manifestations of patient with RTHα, such as a normal survival rate and male fertility, as well as delayed postnatal growth and development, neurological and motor coordination deficits, and anemia. The mice had typical thyroid function with a modest increase in serum triiodothyronine (T3) levels, a low thyroxine (T4)/T3 ratio, and low reverse T3 (rT3) levels. Conclusions: The Thrα1E403X/+ mice faithfully recapitulate the clinical features of human RTHα and thus can provide a useful tool to dissect the role of TRα1 in development and to determine the pathological mechanisms of RTHα.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yue Liang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Endocrine Institute, and Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine Diseases, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Defa Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Endocrine Institute, and Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine Diseases, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ranran Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Endocrine Institute, and Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine Diseases, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Pingping Dang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Endocrine Institute, and Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine Diseases, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yue Xi
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Endocrine Institute, and Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine Diseases, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Dan Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Endocrine Institute, and Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine Diseases, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Endocrine Institute, and Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine Diseases, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhongyan Shan
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Endocrine Institute, and Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine Diseases, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiaochun Teng
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Endocrine Institute, and Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine Diseases, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Weiping Teng
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Endocrine Institute, and Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine Diseases, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Abstract
Background: Mutations of thyroid hormone receptor α1 (TRα1) cause resistance to thyroid hormone (RTHα). Patients exhibit growth retardation, delayed bone development, anemia, and bradycardia. By using mouse models of RTHα, much has been learned about the molecular actions of TRα1 mutants that underlie these abnormalities in adults. Using zebrafish models of RTHα that we have recently created, we aimed to understand how TRα1 mutants affect the heart function during this period. Methods: In contrast to human and mice, the thra gene is duplicated, thraa and thrab, in zebrafish. Using CRISPR/Cas9-mediated targeted mutagenesis, we created C-terminal mutations in each of two duplicated thra genes in zebrafish (thraa 8-bp insertion or thrab 1-bp insertion mutations). We recently showed that these mutant fish faithfully recapitulated growth retardation as found in patients and thra mutant mice. In the present study, we used histological analysis, gene expression profiles, confocal fluorescence, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) to comprehensively analyze the phenotypic characteristics of mutant fish heart during development. Results: We found both a dilated atrium and an abnormally shaped ventricle in adult mutant fish. The retention of red blood cells in the two abnormal heart chambers, and the decreased circulating blood speed and reduced expression of contractile genes indicated weakened contractility in the heart of mutant fish. These abnormalities were detected in mutant fish as early as 35 days postfertilization (juveniles). Furthermore, the expression of genes associated with the sarcomere assembly was suppressed in the heart of mutant fish, resulting in abnormalities of sarcomere organization as revealed by TEM, suggesting that the abnormal sarcomere organization could underlie the bradycardia exhibited in mutant fish. Conclusions: Using a zebrafish model of RTHα, the present study demonstrated for the first time that TRα1 mutants could act to cause abnormal heart structure, weaken contractility, and disrupt sarcomere organization that affect heart functions. These findings provide new insights into the bradycardia found in RTHα patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cho Rong Han
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Hui Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Victoria Hoffmann
- Diagnostic and Research Services Branch, Office of Research Services, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Patricia Zerfas
- Diagnostic and Research Services Branch, Office of Research Services, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Michael Kruhlak
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Sheue-Yann Cheng
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Address correspondence to: Sheue-Yann Cheng, PhD, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 37 Convent Drive, Room 5128, Bethesda, MD 20892-4264, USA
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Tanizaki Y, Shibata Y, Zhang H, Shi YB. Analysis of Thyroid Hormone Receptor α-Knockout Tadpoles Reveals That the Activation of Cell Cycle Program Is Involved in Thyroid Hormone-Induced Larval Epithelial Cell Death and Adult Intestinal Stem Cell Development During Xenopus tropicalis Metamorphosis. Thyroid 2021; 31:128-142. [PMID: 32515287 PMCID: PMC7840310 DOI: 10.1089/thy.2020.0022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Background: There are two highly conserved thyroid hormone (triiodothyronine [T3]) receptor (TR) genes, TRα and TRβ, in all vertebrates, and the expression of TRα but not TRβ is activated earlier than T3 synthesis during development. In human, high levels of T3 are present during the several months around birth, and T3 deficiency during this period causes severe developmental abnormalities including skeletal and intestinal defects. It is, however, difficult to study this period in mammals as the embryos and neonates depend on maternal supply of nutrients for survival. However, Xenopus tropicalis undergoes a T3-dependent metamorphosis, which drastically changes essentially every organ in a tadpole. Of interest is intestinal remodeling, which involves near complete degeneration of the larval epithelium through apoptosis. Concurrently, adult intestinal stem cells are formed de novo and subsequently give rise to the self-renewing adult epithelial system, resembling intestinal maturation around birth in mammals. We have previously demonstrated that T3 signaling is essential for the formation of adult intestinal stem cells during metamorphosis. Methods: We studied the function of endogenous TRα in the tadpole intestine by using knockout animals and RNA-seq analysis. Results: We observed that removing endogenous TRα caused defects in intestinal remodeling, including drastically reduced larval epithelial cell death and adult intestinal stem cell proliferation. Using RNA-seq on intestinal RNA from premetamorphic wild-type and TRα-knockout tadpoles treated with or without T3 for one day, before any detectable T3-induced cell death and stem cell formation in the tadpole intestine, we identified more than 1500 genes, which were regulated by T3 treatment of the wild-type but not TRα-knockout tadpoles. Gene Ontology and biological pathway analyses revealed that surprisingly, these TRα-regulated genes were highly enriched with cell cycle-related genes, in addition to genes related to stem cells and apoptosis. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that TRα-mediated T3 activation of the cell cycle program is involved in larval epithelial cell death and adult epithelial stem cell development during intestinal remodeling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Tanizaki
- Section on Molecular Morphogenesis, Cell Regulation and Development Affinity Group, Division of Molecular and Cellular Biology, and Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Yuki Shibata
- Section on Molecular Morphogenesis, Cell Regulation and Development Affinity Group, Division of Molecular and Cellular Biology, and Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Hongen Zhang
- Bioinformatics and Scientific Programming Core, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Yun-Bo Shi
- Section on Molecular Morphogenesis, Cell Regulation and Development Affinity Group, Division of Molecular and Cellular Biology, and Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Address correspondence to: Yun-Bo Shi, PhD, Section on Molecular Morphogenesis, Cell Regulation and Development Affinity Group, Division of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Building 49 Room 6A82, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Raj S, Kyono Y, Sifuentes CJ, Arellanes-Licea EDC, Subramani A, Denver RJ. Thyroid Hormone Induces DNA Demethylation in Xenopus Tadpole Brain. Endocrinology 2020; 161:bqaa155. [PMID: 32865566 PMCID: PMC7947600 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqaa155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Thyroid hormone (T3) plays pivotal roles in vertebrate development, acting via nuclear T3 receptors (TRs) that regulate gene transcription by promoting post-translational modifications to histones. Methylation of cytosine residues in deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) also modulates gene transcription, and our recent finding of predominant DNA demethylation in the brain of Xenopus tadpoles at metamorphosis, a T3-dependent developmental process, caused us to hypothesize that T3 induces these changes in vivo. Treatment of premetamorphic tadpoles with T3 for 24 or 48 hours increased immunoreactivity in several brain regions for the DNA demethylation intermediates 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC) and 5-carboxylcytosine, and the methylcytosine dioxygenase ten-eleven translocation 3 (TET3). Thyroid hormone treatment induced locus-specific DNA demethylation in proximity to known T3 response elements within the DNA methyltransferase 3a and Krüppel-like factor 9 genes, analyzed by 5-hmC immunoprecipitation and methylation sensitive restriction enzyme digest. Chromatin-immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay showed that T3 induced TET3 recruitment to these loci. Furthermore, the messenger ribonucleic acid for several genes encoding DNA demethylation enzymes were induced by T3 in a time-dependent manner in tadpole brain. A TR ChIP-sequencing experiment identified putative TR binding sites at several of these genes, and we provide multiple lines of evidence to support that tet2 contains a bona fide T3 response element. Our findings show that T3 can promote DNA demethylation in developing tadpole brain, in part by promoting TET3 recruitment to discrete genomic regions, and by inducing genes that encode DNA demethylation enzymes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samhitha Raj
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Yasuhiro Kyono
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Christopher J Sifuentes
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | | | - Arasakumar Subramani
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Robert J Denver
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
le Maire A, Bouhours-Nouet N, Soamalala J, Mirebeau-Prunier D, Paloni M, Guee L, Heron D, Mignot C, Illouz F, Joubert F, Briet C, Rodien P, Bourguet W, Flamant F, Guyot R. Two Novel Cases of Resistance to Thyroid Hormone Due to THRA Mutation. Thyroid 2020; 30:1217-1221. [PMID: 32204686 DOI: 10.1089/thy.2019.0602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Resistance to thyroid hormone alpha (RTHα) is a rare and under-recognized genetic disease caused by mutations of THRA, the gene encoding thyroid hormone receptor α1 (TRα1). We report here two novel THRA missense mutations (M259T, T273A) in patients with RTHα. We combined biochemical and cellular assays with in silico modeling to assess the capacity of mutant TRα1 to bind triiodothyronine (T3), to heterodimerize with RXR, to interact with transcriptional coregulators, and to transduce a T3 transcriptional response. M259T, and to a lower extent T273A, reduces the affinity of TRα1 for T3. Their negative influence is only reverted by large excess of T3. The severity of the two novel RTHα cases originates from a reduction in the binding affinity of TRα1 mutants to T3 and thus correlates with the incapacity of corepressors to dissociate from TRα1 mutants in the presence of T3.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Albane le Maire
- Centre de Biochimie Structurale, CNRS, INSERM, Univ Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory (LNBio), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Natacha Bouhours-Nouet
- Centre de référence des maladies rares de la Thyroïde et des Récepteurs Hormonaux, Service Endocrinologie Diabétologie Nutrition et Endocrinologie Pédiatrique, CHU d'Angers, Institut MITOVASC, Université d'Angers, Angers, France
| | - Jessica Soamalala
- Centre de Biochimie Structurale, CNRS, INSERM, Univ Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Delphine Mirebeau-Prunier
- Centre de référence des maladies rares de la Thyroïde et des Récepteurs Hormonaux, Service Endocrinologie Diabétologie Nutrition et Endocrinologie Pédiatrique, CHU d'Angers, Institut MITOVASC, Université d'Angers, Angers, France
| | - Matteo Paloni
- Centre de Biochimie Structurale, CNRS, INSERM, Univ Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Laura Guee
- Centre de Biochimie Structurale, CNRS, INSERM, Univ Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Delphine Heron
- APHP, Département de Génétique, GH Pitié Salpêtrière, CRMR Déficiences Intellectuelles de Causes Rares, Sorbonne Université GRC 9, Paris, France
| | - Cyril Mignot
- APHP, Département de Génétique, GH Pitié Salpêtrière, CRMR Déficiences Intellectuelles de Causes Rares, Sorbonne Université GRC 9, Paris, France
| | - Frédéric Illouz
- Centre de référence des maladies rares de la Thyroïde et des Récepteurs Hormonaux, Service Endocrinologie Diabétologie Nutrition et Endocrinologie Pédiatrique, CHU d'Angers, Institut MITOVASC, Université d'Angers, Angers, France
| | - Florence Joubert
- Service pédiatrie, Centre hospitalier d'Avignon, Avignon, France
| | - Claire Briet
- Centre de référence des maladies rares de la Thyroïde et des Récepteurs Hormonaux, Service Endocrinologie Diabétologie Nutrition et Endocrinologie Pédiatrique, CHU d'Angers, Institut MITOVASC, Université d'Angers, Angers, France
| | - Patrice Rodien
- Centre de référence des maladies rares de la Thyroïde et des Récepteurs Hormonaux, Service Endocrinologie Diabétologie Nutrition et Endocrinologie Pédiatrique, CHU d'Angers, Institut MITOVASC, Université d'Angers, Angers, France
| | - William Bourguet
- Centre de Biochimie Structurale, CNRS, INSERM, Univ Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Frédéric Flamant
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon, INRA USC 1370, Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS UMR 5242, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Romain Guyot
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon, INRA USC 1370, Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS UMR 5242, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Lyon, France
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Kakita-Kobayashi M, Murata H, Nishigaki A, Hashimoto Y, Komiya S, Tsubokura H, Kido T, Kida N, Tsuzuki-Nakao T, Matsuo Y, Bono H, Hirota K, Okada H. Thyroid Hormone Facilitates in vitro Decidualization of Human Endometrial Stromal Cells via Thyroid Hormone Receptors. Endocrinology 2020; 161:5815305. [PMID: 32242219 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqaa049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Endometrial stromal cells differentiate into decidual cells through the process of decidualization. This differentiation is critical for embryo implantation and the successful establishment of pregnancy. Recent epidemiological studies have suggested that thyroid hormone is important in the endometrium during implantation, and it is commonly believed that thyroid hormone is essential for proper development, differentiation, growth, and metabolism. This study aimed to investigate the impact of thyroid hormone on decidualization in human endometrial stromal cells (hESCs) and define its physiological roles in vitro by gene targeting. To identify the expression patterns of thyroid hormone, we performed gene expression profiling of hESCs during decidualization after treating them with the thyroid hormone levothyroxine (LT4). A major increase in decidual response was observed after combined treatment with ovarian steroid hormones and thyroid hormone. Moreover, LT4 treatment also affected the regulation of many transcription factors important for decidualization. We found that type 3 deiodinase, which is particularly important in fetal and placental tissues, was upregulated during decidualization in the presence of thyroid hormone. Further, it was observed that progesterone receptor, an ovarian steroid hormone receptor, was involved in thyroid hormone-induced decidualization. In the absence of thyroid hormone receptor (TR), due to the simultaneous silencing of TRα and TRβ, thyroid hormone expression was unchanged during decidualization. In summary, we demonstrated that thyroid hormone is essential for decidualization in the endometrium. This is the first in vitro study to find impaired decidualization as a possible cause of infertility in subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Hiromi Murata
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Japan
| | - Akemi Nishigaki
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Japan
| | - Yoshiko Hashimoto
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Japan
| | - Shinnosuke Komiya
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Tsubokura
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Japan
| | - Takeharu Kido
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Japan
| | - Naoko Kida
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Japan
| | - Tomoko Tsuzuki-Nakao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Matsuo
- Department of Human Stress Response Science, Institute of Biomedical Science, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Japan
| | - Hidemasa Bono
- Database Center for Life Science (DBCLS), Research Organization of Information and Systems (ROIS), Mishima, Japan
| | - Kiichi Hirota
- Department of Human Stress Response Science, Institute of Biomedical Science, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Japan
| | - Hidetaka Okada
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Han CR, Holmsen E, Carrington B, Bishop K, Zhu YJ, Starost M, Meltzer P, Sood R, Liu P, Cheng SY. Generation of Novel Genetic Models to Dissect Resistance to Thyroid Hormone Receptor α in Zebrafish. Thyroid 2020; 30:314-328. [PMID: 31952464 PMCID: PMC7047097 DOI: 10.1089/thy.2019.0598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Background: Patients with mutations of the thyroid hormone receptor alpha (THRA) gene show resistance to thyroid hormone alpha (RTHα). No amendable mouse models are currently available to elucidate deleterious effects of TRα1 mutants during early development. Zebrafish with transient suppressed expression by morpholino knockdown and ectopic expression of TRα1 mutants in the embryos have been reported. However, zebrafish with germline transmittable mutations have not been reported. The stable expression of thra mutants from embryos to adulthood facilitated the study of molecular actions of TRα1 mutants during development. Methods: In contrast to human and mice, the thra gene is duplicated in zebrafish, thraa, and thrab. Using CRISPR/Cas9-mediated targeted mutagenesis, we created dominant negative mutations in the two duplicated thra genes. We comprehensively analyzed the molecular and phenotypic characteristics of mutant fish during development. Results: Adult and juvenile homozygous thrab 1-bp ins (m/m) mutants exhibited severe growth retardation, but adult homozygous thraa 8-bp ins (m/m) mutants had very mild growth impairment. Expression of the growth hormone (gh1) and insulin-like growth factor 1 was markedly suppressed in homozygous thrab 1-bp ins (m/m) mutants. Decreased messenger RNA and protein levels of triiodothyronine-regulated keratin genes and inhibited keratinocyte proliferation resulted in hypoplasia of the epidermis in adult and juvenile homozygous thrab 1-bp ins (m/m) mutants, but not homozygous thraa 8-bp ins (m/m) mutants. RNA-seq analysis showed that homozygous thrab 1-bp ins (m/m) mutation had global impact on the functions of the adult pituitary. However, no morphological defects nor any changes in the expression of gh1 and keratin genes were observed in the embryos and early larvae. Thus, mutations of either the thraa or thrab gene did not affect initiation of embryogenesis. But the mutation of the thrab gene, but not the thraa gene, is detrimental in postlarval growth and skin development. Conclusions: The thra duplicated genes are essential to control temporal coordination in postlarval growth and development in a tissue-specific manner. We uncovered novel functions of the duplicated thra genes in zebrafish in development. These mutant zebrafish could be used as a model for further analysis of TRα1 mutant actions and for rapid screening of therapeutics for RTHα.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cho Rong Han
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Erik Holmsen
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Blake Carrington
- Zebrafish Core, Translational and Functional Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Kevin Bishop
- Zebrafish Core, Translational and Functional Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Yuelin Jack Zhu
- Laboratory of Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Matthew Starost
- Division of Veterinary Resources, Diagnostic and Research Services Branch, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Paul Meltzer
- Laboratory of Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Raman Sood
- Zebrafish Core, Translational and Functional Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Paul Liu
- Zebrafish Core, Translational and Functional Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Sheue-yann Cheng
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
- Address correspondence to: Sheue-yann Cheng, PhD, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 37 Convent Drive, Room 5128, Bethesda, MD 20892-4264
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Wejaphikul K, van Gucht ALM, Groeneweg S, Visser WE, Visser TJ, Peeters RP, Meima ME. The In Vitro Functional Impairment of Thyroid Hormone Receptor Alpha 1 Isoform Mutants Is Mainly Dictated by Reduced Ligand Sensitivity. Thyroid 2019; 29:1834-1842. [PMID: 31530256 DOI: 10.1089/thy.2019.0019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Background: Thyroid hormone (TH) acts on TH receptors (TRs) and regulates gene transcription by binding of TRs to TH response elements (TREs) in target gene promoters. The transcriptional activity of TRs is modulated by interactions with TR-coregulatory proteins. Mutations in TRα cause resistance to thyroid hormone alpha (RTHα). In this study, we analyzed if, beyond reduced triiodothyronine (T3) affinity, altered interactions with cofactors or different TREs could account for the differential impaired transcriptional activity of different mutants. Methods: We evaluated four mutants derived from patients (D211G, M256T, A263S, and R384H) and three artificial mutants at equivalent positions in patients with RTHβ (T223A, L287V, and P398H). The in vitro transcriptional activity was evaluated on TRE-luciferase reporters (DR4, IR0, and ER6). The affinity for T3 and interaction with coregulatory proteins (nuclear receptor corepressor 1 [NCoR1] and steroid receptor coactivator 1 [SRC1]) were also determined. Results: We found that the affinity for T3 was significantly reduced for all mutants, except for TRα1-T223A. The reduction in the T3 sensitivity of the transcriptional activity on three TREs, the dissociation of the corepressor NCoR1, and the association of the coactivator SRC1 recruitment for each mutant correlated with the reduced affinity for T3. We did not observe mutation-specific alterations in interactions with cofactors or TREs. Conclusions: In summary, the degree of impaired transcriptional activity of mutants is mainly determined by their reduced affinity for T3.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karn Wejaphikul
- Department of Internal Medicine, Academic Center for Thyroid Diseases, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Anja L M van Gucht
- Department of Internal Medicine, Academic Center for Thyroid Diseases, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Stefan Groeneweg
- Department of Internal Medicine, Academic Center for Thyroid Diseases, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - W Edward Visser
- Department of Internal Medicine, Academic Center for Thyroid Diseases, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Theo J Visser
- Department of Internal Medicine, Academic Center for Thyroid Diseases, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Robin P Peeters
- Department of Internal Medicine, Academic Center for Thyroid Diseases, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marcel E Meima
- Department of Internal Medicine, Academic Center for Thyroid Diseases, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Krieger TG, Moran CM, Frangini A, Visser WE, Schoenmakers E, Muntoni F, Clark CA, Gadian D, Chong WK, Kuczynski A, Dattani M, Lyons G, Efthymiadou A, Varga-Khadem F, Simons BD, Chatterjee K, Livesey FJ. Mutations in thyroid hormone receptor α1 cause premature neurogenesis and progenitor cell depletion in human cortical development. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:22754-22763. [PMID: 31628250 PMCID: PMC6842615 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1908762116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the thyroid hormone receptor α 1 gene (THRA) have recently been identified as a cause of intellectual deficit in humans. Patients present with structural abnormalities including microencephaly, reduced cerebellar volume and decreased axonal density. Here, we show that directed differentiation of THRA mutant patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cells to forebrain neural progenitors is markedly reduced, but mutant progenitor cells can generate deep and upper cortical layer neurons and form functional neuronal networks. Quantitative lineage tracing shows that THRA mutation-containing progenitor cells exit the cell cycle prematurely, resulting in reduced clonal output. Using a micropatterned chip assay, we find that spatial self-organization of mutation-containing progenitor cells in vitro is impaired, consistent with down-regulated expression of cell-cell adhesion genes. These results reveal that thyroid hormone receptor α1 is required for normal neural progenitor cell proliferation in human cerebral cortical development. They also exemplify quantitative approaches for studying neurodevelopmental disorders using patient-derived cells in vitro.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Teresa G Krieger
- Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QN, United Kingdom
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Carla M Moran
- Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Alberto Frangini
- Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QN, United Kingdom
| | - W Edward Visser
- Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Erik Schoenmakers
- Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Francesco Muntoni
- Dubowitz Neuromuscular Centre and National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Great Ormond Street (GOS) Hospital Biomedical Research Centre, London WC1N 1EH, United Kingdom
| | - Chris A Clark
- Developmental Imaging and Biophysics Section, University College London (UCL) GOS Institute of Child Health, London WC1N 1EH, United Kingdom
| | - David Gadian
- Developmental Imaging and Biophysics Section, University College London (UCL) GOS Institute of Child Health, London WC1N 1EH, United Kingdom
| | - Wui K Chong
- Department of Radiology, Great Ormond Street Children's Hospital, London WC1N 3JH, United Kingdom
| | - Adam Kuczynski
- Department of Neuropsychology, Great Ormond Street Children's Hospital, London WC1N 1EH, United Kingdom
| | - Mehul Dattani
- Department of Endocrinology, Great Ormond Street Children's Hospital and Genetics and Genomic Medicine Programme, UCL GOS Institute of Child Health, London WC1N 1EH, United Kingdom
| | - Greta Lyons
- Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
| | | | - Faraneh Varga-Khadem
- Department of Neuropsychology, Great Ormond Street Children's Hospital, London WC1N 1EH, United Kingdom
- Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuropsychiatry Section, UCL GOS Institute of Child Health, London WC1N 1EH, United Kingdom
| | - Benjamin D Simons
- Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QN, United Kingdom
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Krishna Chatterjee
- Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Frederick J Livesey
- Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QN, United Kingdom;
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London WC1N 1EH, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Boumaza H, Markossian S, Busi B, Rautureau GJP, Gauthier K, Elena-Herrmann B, Flamant F. Metabolomic Profiling of Body Fluids in Mouse Models Demonstrates that Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Is a Putative Diagnostic Tool for the Presence of Thyroid Hormone Receptor α1 Mutations. Thyroid 2019; 29:1327-1335. [PMID: 31298651 DOI: 10.1089/thy.2018.0730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Background: Resistance to thyroid hormone alpha (RTHα) is a rare genetic disease due to mutations in the THRA gene, which encodes thyroid hormone receptor alpha 1 (TRα1). Since its first description in 2012, 46 cases of RTHα have been reported worldwide, corresponding to 26 different mutations of TRα1. RTHα patients share some common symptoms with hypothyroid patients, without significant reduction in thyroid hormone level. The high variability of clinical features and the absence of reliable biochemical markers make the diagnosis of this disease difficult. Some of these mutations have been recently modeled in mice. Methods: In our study, we used four different mouse models heterozygous for frameshift mutations in the Thra gene. Two of them are very close to human mutations, while the two others have not yet been found in patients. We characterized the metabolic phenotypes of urine and plasma samples collected from these four animal models using an untargeted nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)-based metabolomic approach. Results: Multivariate statistical analysis of the metabolomic profiles shows that biofluids of mice that carry human-like mutations can be discriminated from controls. Metabolic signatures associated with Thra mutations in urine and plasma are stable over time and clearly differ from the metabolic fingerprint of hypothyroidism in the mouse. Conclusion: Our results provide a proof-of-principle that easily accessible NMR-based metabolic fingerprints of biofluids could be used to diagnose RTHα in humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Houda Boumaza
- Institut des Sciences Analytiques, UMR 5280, CNRS, ENS de Lyon, Université Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon, INRA USC 1370, Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS UMR 5242, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Suzy Markossian
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon, INRA USC 1370, Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS UMR 5242, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Baptiste Busi
- Institut des Sciences Analytiques, UMR 5280, CNRS, ENS de Lyon, Université Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Gilles J P Rautureau
- Institut des Sciences Analytiques, UMR 5280, CNRS, ENS de Lyon, Université Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Karine Gauthier
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon, INRA USC 1370, Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS UMR 5242, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Bénédicte Elena-Herrmann
- Institut des Sciences Analytiques, UMR 5280, CNRS, ENS de Lyon, Université Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, CNRS UMR 5309, INSERM U1209, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Frédéric Flamant
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon, INRA USC 1370, Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS UMR 5242, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Lyon, France
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Wejaphikul K, Groeneweg S, Hilhorst-Hofstee Y, Chatterjee VK, Peeters RP, Meima ME, Visser WE. Insight Into Molecular Determinants of T3 vs T4 Recognition From Mutations in Thyroid Hormone Receptor α and β. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2019; 104:3491-3500. [PMID: 30817817 PMCID: PMC6599431 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2018-02794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2018] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT The two major forms of circulating thyroid hormones (THs) are T3 and T4. T3 is regarded as the biologically active hormone because it binds to TH receptors (TRs) with greater affinity than T4. However, it is currently unclear what structural mechanisms underlie this difference in affinity. OBJECTIVE Prompted by the identification of a novel M256T mutation in a resistance to TH (RTH)α patient, we investigated Met256 in TRα1 and the corresponding residue (Met310) in TRβ1, residues previously predicted by crystallographic studies in discrimination of T3 vs T4. METHODS Clinical characterization of the RTHα patient and molecular studies (in silico protein modeling, radioligand binding, transactivation, and receptor-cofactor studies) were performed. RESULTS Structural modeling of the TRα1-M256T mutant showed that distortion of the hydrophobic niche to accommodate the outer ring of ligand was more pronounced for T3 than T4, suggesting that this substitution has little impact on the affinity for T4. In agreement with the model, TRα1-M256T selectively reduced the affinity for T3. Also, unlike other naturally occurring TRα mutations, TRα1-M256T had a differential impact on T3- vs T4-dependent transcriptional activation. TRα1-M256A and TRβ1-M310T mutants exhibited similar discordance for T3 vs T4. CONCLUSIONS Met256-TRα1/Met310-TRβ1 strongly potentiates the affinity of TRs for T3, thereby largely determining that T3 is the bioactive hormone rather than T4. These observations provide insight into the molecular basis for underlying the different affinity of TRs for T3 vs T4, delineating a fundamental principle of TH signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karn Wejaphikul
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Academic Center for Thyroid Diseases, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Stefan Groeneweg
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Academic Center for Thyroid Diseases, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - V Krishna Chatterjee
- Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Robin P Peeters
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Academic Center for Thyroid Diseases, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Marcel E Meima
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Academic Center for Thyroid Diseases, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - W Edward Visser
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Academic Center for Thyroid Diseases, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Correspondence and Reprint Requests: W. Edward Visser, MD, PhD, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Academic Center for Thyroid Diseases, 3015 CN Rotterdam, Netherlands. E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Chen XY, Liu Y, Liu JH, Qin XS. [An analysis of GNAS and THRA gene mutations in children with congenital hypothyroidism]. Zhongguo Dang Dai Er Ke Za Zhi 2019; 21:680-684. [PMID: 31315768 PMCID: PMC7389109 DOI: 10.7499/j.issn.1008-8830.2019.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To preliminarily investigate the relationship between stimulatory G protein α subunit (GNAS) and thyroid hormone receptor α (THRA) gene mutations and clinical phenotypes in children with congenital hypothyroidism (CH). METHODS A total of 70 children with CH diagnosed by neonatal screening were enrolled. Their peripheral blood samples were collected to extract genomic DNA. GNAS and THRA genes were screened for mutations using next-generation sequencing. Bioinformatics software was used to analyze the pathogenicity of gene mutations. RESULTS Of the 70 children with CH, nine missense mutations (three known mutations and six novel mutations) in the GNAS gene were detected in three patients (4%), and one gene polymorphism, c.508A>G(p.I170V), in the THRA gene was detected in four patients. The analysis results of bioinformatics software and ACMG/AMP guidelines showed that the two GNAS gene mutations [c.301C>T(p.R101C) and c.334G>A(p.E112K)] were more likely to be pathogenic. Three children with GNAS gene mutations showed different degrees of hypothyroidism. CONCLUSIONS GNAS gene mutations are related to the development of CH, and children with CH have different clinical manifestations. THRA gene mutations may not be associated with CH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Yu Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Korkmaz O, Ozen S, Ozdemir TR, Goksen D, Darcan S. A novel thyroid hormone receptor alpha gene mutation, clinic characteristics, and follow-up findings in a patient with thyroid hormone resistance. Hormones (Athens) 2019; 18:223-227. [PMID: 30747412 DOI: 10.1007/s42000-019-00094-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Thyroid hormone receptor alpha (THRA) gene mutation is a thyroid hormone resistance syndrome characterized by near-normal thyroid function tests and tissue-specific hypothyroidism. In this case study, we report a novel de novo p.G291S heterozygous mutation in the THRA gene was detected at mutation analysis. A 4-year-old male patient was admitted due to short stature, motor-mental retardation, and constipation. At physical examination, coarse facial appearance, eyelid edema, pallor, and umbilical hernia were observed. Primary thyroid hormone resistance should be considered in patients with phenotypically hypothyroid features. Laboratory analysis found moderate elevation in free triiodothyronine (T3) levels, normochromic normocytic anemia, and elevated creatine kinase levels. In conclusion, THRA gene mutation should be considered in patients with clinical hypothyroid findings and increased/moderately elevated free T3, decreased/ normal free thyroxine, normal thyroid-stimulating hormone levels, and increased muscle enzymes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ozlem Korkmaz
- Ege University Faculty of Medicine Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Ege University, 35100 Bornova, Izmir, Turkey.
| | - Samim Ozen
- Ege University Faculty of Medicine Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Ege University, 35100 Bornova, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Taha Resid Ozdemir
- Tepecik Training and Research Hospital, Department of Genetics, Health Sciences University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Damla Goksen
- Ege University Faculty of Medicine Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Ege University, 35100 Bornova, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Sukran Darcan
- Ege University Faculty of Medicine Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Ege University, 35100 Bornova, Izmir, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Gunin AG, Golubtsova NN, Kravtsova OA, Subbotkin AS, Subbotkina NO, Filippov FN. Number, Proliferative Activity, and Expression of Thyroid Hormone Receptors in Dermal Fibroblasts in Mice with Changed Thyroid Status. Bull Exp Biol Med 2019; 166:797-801. [PMID: 31028589 DOI: 10.1007/s10517-019-04443-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
We studied the intensity of age-specific changes in the dermis (number and proliferative activity of fibroblasts) in mice with normal and experimentally changed level of thyroid hormones. Receptors of thyroid hormones, TR-α and TR-β, in mouse dermal fibroblasts were identified by immunohistochemical methods. The relative expression of Thra, Thrb, and Dio2 genes was assessed by real-time PCR analysis. From the second to fifth month of life, the number of fibroblasts in the connective tissue layer of mouse skin decreased by 42.3%. The number of fibroblasts in the dermis of 5-month-old mice treated with Thyrozol significantly decreases by 25.9% (p<0.05), and vice versa, in mice receiving thyroxin this parameter increased by 4.7% in comparison with the control (p>0.05). TR-α and TR-β were identified in dermal fibroblasts in all groups of mice. No differences in the content TR-α and Thra gene expression in 2- and 5-month-old mice of the control and experimental were revealed. TR-β content in dermal fibroblasts of 2-month-old animals was maximum and exceeded this value in 5-month-old control mice by 25%. The number of these receptors decreased by 33.3% in mice treated with Thyrozol and increased by 25% in animals receiving thyroxin injection in comparison with the control. Relative expression of Thrb gene significantly increased only in mice treated with thyroxin. Comparative analysis of the relative expression of Dio2 gene revealed no differences between the experimental and control groups. Changes in the level of thyroid hormones, content of TR-β, and relative Thrb gene expression contribute to agerelated shifts in the number and proliferative activity of mouse dermal fibroblasts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A G Gunin
- I. N. Ulianov Chuvash State University, Cheboksary, Chuvash Republic, Russia.
| | - N N Golubtsova
- I. N. Ulianov Chuvash State University, Cheboksary, Chuvash Republic, Russia
| | - O A Kravtsova
- Kazan (Volga region) Federal University, Kazan, Republic of Tatarstan, Russia
| | - A S Subbotkin
- I. N. Ulianov Chuvash State University, Cheboksary, Chuvash Republic, Russia
| | - N O Subbotkina
- I. N. Ulianov Chuvash State University, Cheboksary, Chuvash Republic, Russia
| | - F N Filippov
- I. N. Ulianov Chuvash State University, Cheboksary, Chuvash Republic, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Bao L, Roediger J, Park S, Fu L, Shi B, Cheng SY, Shi YB. Thyroid Hormone Receptor Alpha Mutations Lead to Epithelial Defects in the Adult Intestine in a Mouse Model of Resistance to Thyroid Hormone. Thyroid 2019; 29:439-448. [PMID: 30595106 PMCID: PMC6437623 DOI: 10.1089/thy.2018.0340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The thyroid hormone triiodothyronine (T3) is critical for vertebrate development and affects the function of many adult tissues and organs. Its genomic effects are mediated by thyroid hormone nuclear receptors (TRs) present in all vertebrates. The discovery of patients with resistance to thyroid hormone (RTHβ) >50 years ago and subsequent identification of genetic mutations in only the THRB gene in these patients suggest that mutations in the THRA gene may have different pathological manifestations in humans. Indeed, the recent discovery of a number of human patients carrying heterozygous mutations in the THRA gene (RTHα) revealed a distinct phenotype that was not observed in RTH patients with THRB gene mutations (RTHβ). That is, RTHα patients have constipation, implicating intestinal defects caused by THRA gene mutations. METHODS To determine how TRα1 mutations affect the intestine, this study analyzed a mutant mouse expressing a strong dominantly negative TRα1 mutant (denoted TRα1PV; Thra1PV mice). This mutant mouse faithfully reproduces RTHα phenotypes observed in patients. RESULTS In adult Thra1PV/+ mice, constipation was observed just like in patients with TRα mutations. Importantly, significant intestinal defects were discovered, including shorter villi and increased differentiated cells in the crypt, accompanied by reduced stem-cell proliferation in the intestine. CONCLUSIONS The findings suggest that further analysis of this mouse model should help to reveal the molecular and physiological defects in the intestine caused by TRα mutations and to determine the underlying mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lingyu Bao
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Xi'an, P.R. China
- Section on Molecular Morphogenesis, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD); Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute (NCI); National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Julia Roediger
- Section on Molecular Morphogenesis, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD); Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute (NCI); National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Sunmi Park
- Gene Regulation Section, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute (NCI); National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Liezhen Fu
- Section on Molecular Morphogenesis, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD); Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute (NCI); National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Bingyin Shi
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Xi'an, P.R. China
| | - Sheue-Yann Cheng
- Gene Regulation Section, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute (NCI); National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Yun-Bo Shi
- Section on Molecular Morphogenesis, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD); Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute (NCI); National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
- Address correspondence to: Yun-Bo Shi, PhD, Section on Molecular Morphogenesis, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Building 49 Room 6A82, Bethesda, MD 20892
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Guo F, Wang C, Wang S, Zhang J, Yan Y, Guan Z, Meng F. Alteration in gene expression profile of thymomas with or without myasthenia gravis linked with the nuclear factor-kappaB/autoimmune regulator pathway to myasthenia gravis pathogenesis. Thorac Cancer 2019; 10:564-570. [PMID: 30734484 PMCID: PMC6397909 DOI: 10.1111/1759-7714.12980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Revised: 12/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To investigate the gene expression profile of a set of candidate genes for a better understanding of the molecular mechanism underlying the pathogenesis of thymoma with or without myasthenia gravis. METHODS Thymoma patients and thymoma patients with myasthenia gravis were analyzed using microarray profiling to identify significant changes in gene expression of autoimmune regulator pathway genes including AIRE, IL-7R, CHRNA3, SYMD1, THRA, and CAV3. RESULTS Across all of our samples, we found that 1484 mRNAs were upregulated and 770 were downregulated in thymoma patients compared with thymoma with myasthenia gravis patients. Gene ontology and pathway analysis revealed that a large number of genes participated in cellular functions for humoral immune response, sequence-specific DNA binding RNA polymerase II transcription factor activity, positive regulation of gene expression, regulation of neuron projection development, extracellular ligand-gated ion channel activity, positive regulation of striated muscle cell differentiation, and regulation of nuclear factor-kappaB import into the nucleus. CONCLUSION Our results revealed genetic differences between thymomas and myasthenia gravis, and identified the key candidate genes/pathways for molecular mechanism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Feng Guo
- Department of Endoscopy, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and TherapyTianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for CancerTianjinChina
| | - Chun‐Yang Wang
- Department of NeurologyTianjin Medical University General HospitalTianjinChina
| | - Shuo Wang
- Department of Thoracic SurgeryThe Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Thoracic SurgeryThe Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Yi‐Jie Yan
- Department of Thoracic SurgeryThe Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Zhi‐Yu Guan
- Department of Thoracic SurgeryThe Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Fan‐Jie Meng
- Department of Thoracic SurgeryThe Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical UniversityTianjinChina
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Abstract
Thyroid hormone (TH) action is crucial for the development of several tissues.A number of syndromes are associated with reduced responsiveness to thyroid hormones, expanding the original definition of thyroid hormone resistance, firstly described by Refetoff and collaborators in 1967, which is characterized by elevated circulating levels of T4 and T3 with measurable serum TSH concentrations, as a consequence of mutations of thyroid hormone receptor beta (TRβ), recently named as RTHβ. More recently, another form of insensitivity to TH has been identified due to mutations in the thyroid hormone receptor alpha (TRα), named RTHα. In this chapter we will focus the discussion on the phenotype of RTHβ and RTHα. These diseases share the same pathogenic mechanism caused by dominant negative mutations in TH receptor genes that reduce T3 binding or affect the recruitment of cofactors. As a consequence, thyroid hormone actions are impaired at the tissue level. The phenotypic manifestations of RTHβ and RTHα are to some extent correlated with the degree of disruption and the tissue distribution of the TRs being characterized by variable coexistence of hypothyroid or thyrotoxic manifestations in RTHβ or by a congenital hypothyroid features in RTHα despite normal TSH and borderline low free T4.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luca Persani
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Lab of Endocrine and Metabolic Research, San Luca Hospital, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy.
| | - Irene Campi
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Lab of Endocrine and Metabolic Research, San Luca Hospital, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Lee J, Kim S, Choi K, Ji K. Effects of bisphenol analogs on thyroid endocrine system and possible interaction with 17β-estradiol using GH3 cells. Toxicol In Vitro 2018; 53:107-113. [PMID: 30099086 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2018.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Revised: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This study was conducted using a rat pituitary (GH3) cell line to understand the effects of bisphenol analogs (BPs) on the thyroid endocrine system, in the presence of 17β-estradiol (E2). In the first series of experiments, changes in cell proliferation were examined after exposure to each of ten BPs, in the absence or presence of a median effective concentration (6.4 × 10-10 M) of triiodothyronine (T3). All tested BPs significantly increased cell proliferation, suggesting thyroid hormone (TH) agonistic effects of BPs. BPs did not potentiate the T3-induced cell proliferation at 48 h exposure, while several tested BPs including BPA, BPAF, BPB, BPF, BPS, and BPZ elicited a potentiating effect on the T3-induced cell proliferation at 96 h exposure. These results indicate that TH-antagonistic effects of BPs depend on the tested dose and exposure time. In the second set of experiments, one of the most potent BPs, i.e., BPAF, was selected, and its possible interaction with E2 on the thyroid endocrine system was evaluated. Co-exposure of GH3 cells to 10-12 M E2 showed an additive-like effect. The extent of increase in cell proliferation was more pronounced with a combination of BPAF and E2 than with that of BPA and E2. Significant down-regulation of Trα, Trβ, and Dio2 genes and up-regulation of the Tshβ gene were observed in GH3 cells following co-exposure to BPAF and E2. Our results showed that some BP analogs might influence the thyroid endocrine system, and such perturbation appeared to be enhanced in the presence of E2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiyun Lee
- Department of Environmental Health, Graduate School at Yongin University, Yongin 17092, Republic of Korea; Institute of Natural Science, Yongin University, Yongin 17092, Republic of Korea
| | - Sujin Kim
- School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyungho Choi
- School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyunghee Ji
- Department of Environmental Health, Graduate School at Yongin University, Yongin 17092, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Jackman KW, Veldhoen N, Miliano RC, Robert BJ, Li L, Khojasteh A, Zheng X, Zaborniak TSM, van Aggelen G, Lesperance M, Parker WJ, Hall ER, Pyle GG, Helbing CC. Transcriptomics investigation of thyroid hormone disruption in the olfactory system of the Rana [Lithobates] catesbeiana tadpole. Aquat Toxicol 2018; 202:46-56. [PMID: 30007154 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2018.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2018] [Revised: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Thyroid hormones (THs) regulate vertebrate growth, development, and metabolism. Despite their importance, there is a need for effective detection of TH-disruption by endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs). The frog olfactory system substantially remodels during TH-dependent metamorphosis and the objective of the present study is to examine olfactory system gene expression for TH biomarkers that can evaluate the biological effects of complex mixtures such as municipal wastewater. We first examine classic TH-response gene transcripts using reverse transcription-quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) in the olfactory epithelium (OE) and olfactory bulb (OB) of premetamorphic Rana (Lithobates) catesbeiana tadpoles after 48 h exposure to biologically-relevant concentrations of the THs, 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine (T3) and L-thyroxine (T4), or 17-beta estradiol (E2); a hormone that can crosstalk with THs. As the OE was particularly sensitive to THs, further RNA-seq analysis found >30,000 TH-responsive contigs. In contrast, E2 affected 267 contigs of which only 57 overlapped with THs suggesting that E2 has limited effect on the OE at this developmental phase. Gene ontology enrichment analyses identified sensory perception and nucleoside diphosphate phosphorylation as the top affected terms for THs and E2, respectively. Using classic and additional RNA-seq-derived TH-response gene transcripts, we queried TH-disrupting activity in municipal wastewater effluent from two different treatment systems: anaerobic membrane bioreactor (AnMBR) and membrane enhanced biological phosphorous removal (MEBPR). While we observed physical EDC removal in both systems, some TH disruption activity was retained in the effluents. This work lays an important foundation for linking TH-dependent gene expression with olfactory system function in amphibians.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin W Jackman
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Nik Veldhoen
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Rachel C Miliano
- Environment and Climate Change Canada, Pacific Environmental Science Centre, 2645 Dollarton Highway, North Vancouver, British Columbia, V7H 1V2, Canada
| | - Bonnie J Robert
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Linda Li
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Azadeh Khojasteh
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Xiaoyu Zheng
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Tristan S M Zaborniak
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Graham van Aggelen
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Mary Lesperance
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Wayne J Parker
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Eric R Hall
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Gregory G Pyle
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, Alberta, T1K 3M4, Canada
| | - Caren C Helbing
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, V8P 5C2, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Abstract
All vertebrates require thyroid hormone (TH) for normal growth and development. Plasma TH enters cells and alters gene expression via nuclear receptors TRα and TRβ. In-vitro studies showed that TRs function as repressors of TH-inducible genes in the absence of TH and as activators of those same genes in the presence of TH. A dual function model was proposed to harmonize these molecular TR actions with the dynamic expression of TRs and peak in production of TH experienced during development. Conclusive tests of the repression activity of TRs early in development as predicted by the model awaited gene knockout technology targeting TRα. At the molecular level, active repression of genes involved in metamorphosis by TRα in the absence of TH was confirmed in whole bodies and intestine from TRα knockout studies. As a consequence of this reduced repression in TRα knockout animals, initiation of limb morphogenesis occurs precociously. However, subsequent limb development is retarded during rising plasma TH levels due to reduced TR-dependent responsivity to TH. In contrast to the limbs, intestine remodeling is delayed by one to two developmental stages in TRα knockout animals, despite de-repressed levels of TH-induced genes during premetamorphosis. Surprisingly, in the absence of TRα, hind limbs do not require gene induction by TH signaling to complete morphological growth and development, which is contrary to prediction by the dual function model. Full evaluation of the dual function model for all organs awaits the production of TRα and TRβ double knockout frogs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel R Buchholz
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
| | - Yun-Bo Shi
- Molecular Morphogenesis, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Yang Y, Zhang J, Wu G, Sun J, Wang Y, Guo H, Shi Y, Cheng X, Tang X, Le G. Dietary methionine restriction regulated energy and protein homeostasis by improving thyroid function in high fat diet mice. Food Funct 2018; 9:3718-3731. [PMID: 29978874 DOI: 10.1039/c8fo00685g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Methionine-restricted diets (MRD) show an integrated series of beneficial health effects, including improving insulin sensitivity, limiting fat deposition, and decreasing oxidative stress, and inflammation responses. We aimed to explore the systemic responses to a MRD in mice fed with a high fat (HFD) and clarify the possible mechanism. Mice were fed with a control diet (0.86% methionine + 4% fat, CON), HFD (0.86% methionine + 20% fat), or MRD (0.17% methionine + 20% fat) for 22 consecutive weeks. HFD-fed mice showed widespread systemic metabolic disorders and thyroid dysfunction. A MRD significantly increased energy expenditure (e.g. fatty acid oxidation, glycolysis, and tricarboxylic acid cycle metabolism), regulated protein homeostasis, improved gut microbiota functions, prevented thyroid dysfunction, increased plasma thyroxine and triiodothyronine levels, decreased plasma thyroid stimulating hormone levels, increased type 2 deiodinase (DIO2) activity, and up-regulated mRNA and protein expression levels of DIO2 and thyroid hormone receptor α1 in the skeletal muscle. These results suggest that a MRD can improve the metabolic disorders induced by a HFD, and especially regulate energy and protein homeostasis likely through improved thyroid function. Thus, reducing methionine intake (e.g. through a vegan diet) may improve metabolic health in animals and humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuhui Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
van der Spek AH, Surovtseva OV, Jim KK, van Oudenaren A, Brouwer MC, Vandenbroucke-Grauls CMJE, Leenen PJM, van de Beek D, Hernandez A, Fliers E, Boelen A. Regulation of Intracellular Triiodothyronine Is Essential for Optimal Macrophage Function. Endocrinology 2018; 159:2241-2252. [PMID: 29648626 PMCID: PMC5920313 DOI: 10.1210/en.2018-00053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Innate immune cells, including macrophages, have recently been identified as target cells for thyroid hormone. We hypothesized that optimal intracellular concentrations of the active thyroid hormone triiodothyronine (T3) are essential for proinflammatory macrophage function. T3 is generated intracellularly by type 2 deiodinase (D2) and acts via the nuclear thyroid hormone receptor (TR). In zebrafish embryos, D2 knockdown increased mortality during pneumococcal meningitis. Primary murine D2 knockout macrophages exhibited impaired phagocytosis and partially reduced cytokine response to stimulation with bacterial endotoxin. These effects are presumably due to reduced intracellular T3 availability. Knockdown of the main TR in macrophages, TRα, impaired polarization into proinflammatory macrophages and amplified polarization into immunomodulatory macrophages. Intracellular T3 availability and action appear to play a crucial role in macrophage function. Our data suggest that low intracellular T3 action has an anti-inflammatory effect, possibly due to an effect on macrophage polarization mediated via the TRα. This study provides important insights into the link between the endocrine and innate immune system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anne H van der Spek
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, AZ Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Olga V Surovtseva
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, AZ Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Kin Ki Jim
- Department of Neurology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, AZ Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Control, VU University Medical Center, HV Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Adri van Oudenaren
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus University Medical Center, CE Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Matthijs C Brouwer
- Department of Neurology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, AZ Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - Pieter J M Leenen
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus University Medical Center, CE Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Diederik van de Beek
- Department of Neurology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, AZ Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Arturo Hernandez
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Maine Medical Center, Scarborough, Maine
| | - Eric Fliers
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, AZ Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Anita Boelen
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, AZ Amsterdam, Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Morte B, Gil-Ibáñez P, Bernal J. Regulation of Gene Expression by Thyroid Hormone in Primary Astrocytes: Factors Influencing the Genomic Response. Endocrinology 2018; 159:2083-2092. [PMID: 29617759 DOI: 10.1210/en.2017-03084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Astrocytes mediate the action of thyroid hormone in the brain on other neural cells through the production of the active hormone triiodothyronine (T3) from its precursor thyroxine. T3 has also many effects on the astrocytes in vivo and in culture, but whether these actions are directly mediated by transcriptional regulation is not clear. In this work, we have analyzed the genomic response to T3 of cultured astrocytes isolated from the postnatal mouse cerebral cortex using RNA sequencing. Cultured astrocytes express relevant genes of thyroid hormone metabolism and action encoding type 2 deiodinase (Dio2), Mct8 transporter (Slc16a2), T3 receptors (Thra1 and Thrb), and nuclear corepressor (Ncor1) and coactivator (Ncoa1). T3 changed the expression of 668 genes (4.5% of expressed genes), of which 117 were responsive to T3 in the presence of cycloheximide. The Wnt and Notch pathways were downregulated at the posttranscriptional level. Comparison with the effect of T3 on astrocyte-enriched genes in mixed cerebrocortical cultures isolated from fetal cortex revealed that the response to T3 is influenced by the degree of astrocyte maturation and that, in agreement with its physiological effects, T3 promotes the transition between the fetal and adult patterns of gene expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Morte
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pilar Gil-Ibáñez
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas and Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Bernal
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas and Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Nakajima K, Tazawa I, Yaoita Y. Thyroid Hormone Receptor α- and β-Knockout Xenopus tropicalis Tadpoles Reveal Subtype-Specific Roles During Development. Endocrinology 2018; 159:733-743. [PMID: 29126198 DOI: 10.1210/en.2017-00601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Thyroid hormone (TH) binds TH receptor α (TRα) and β (TRβ) to induce amphibian metamorphosis. Whereas TH signaling has been well studied, functional differences between TRα and TRβ during this process have not been characterized. To understand how each TR contributes to metamorphosis, we generated TRα- and TRβ-knockout tadpoles of Xenopus tropicalis and examined developmental abnormalities, histology of the tail and intestine, and messenger RNA expression of genes encoding extracellular matrix-degrading enzymes. In TRβ-knockout tadpoles, tail regression was delayed significantly and a healthy notochord was observed even 5 days after the initiation of tail shortening (stage 62), whereas in the tails of wild-type and TRα-knockout tadpoles, the notochord disappeared after ∼1 day. The messenger RNA expression levels of genes encoding extracellular matrix-degrading enzymes (MMP2, MMP9TH, MMP13, MMP14, and FAPα) were obviously reduced in the tail tip of TRβ-knockout tadpoles, with the shortening tail. The reduction in olfactory nerve length and head narrowing by gill absorption were also affected. Hind limb growth and intestinal shortening were not compromised in TRβ-knockout tadpoles, whereas tail regression and olfactory nerve shortening appeared to proceed normally in TRα-knockout tadpoles, except for the precocious development of hind limbs. Our results demonstrated the distinct roles of TRα and TRβ in hind limb growth and tail regression, respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Nakajima
- Division of Embryology, Amphibian Research Center, Hiroshima University, Higashihiroshima, Japan
| | - Ichiro Tazawa
- Division of Embryology, Amphibian Research Center, Hiroshima University, Higashihiroshima, Japan
| | - Yoshio Yaoita
- Division of Embryology, Amphibian Research Center, Hiroshima University, Higashihiroshima, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Casas F, Fouret G, Lecomte J, Cortade F, Pessemesse L, Blanchet E, Wrutniak-Cabello C, Coudray C, Feillet-Coudray C. Skeletal muscle expression of p43, a truncated thyroid hormone receptor α, affects lipid composition and metabolism. J Bioenerg Biomembr 2018; 50:71-79. [PMID: 29332207 DOI: 10.1007/s10863-018-9743-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Accepted: 01/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Thyroid hormone is a major regulator of metabolism and mitochondrial function. Thyroid hormone also affects reactions in almost all pathways of lipids metabolism and as such is considered as the main hormonal regulator of lipid biogenesis. The aim of this study was to explore the possible involvement of p43, a 43 Kda truncated form of the nuclear thyroid hormone receptor TRα1 which stimulates mitochondrial activity. Therefore, using mouse models overexpressing p43 in skeletal muscle (p43-Tg) or lacking p43 (p43-/-), we have investigated the lipid composition in quadriceps muscle and in mitochondria. Here, we reported in the quadriceps muscle of p43-/- mice, a fall in triglycerides, an inhibition of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) synthesis, an increase in elongase index and an decrease in desaturase index. However, in mitochondria from p43-/- mice, fatty acid profile was barely modified. In the quadriceps muscle of p43-Tg mice, MUFA content was decreased whereas the unsaturation index was increased. In addition, in quadriceps mitochondria of p43-Tg mice, we found an increase of linoleic acid level and unsaturation index. Last, we showed that cardiolipin content, a key phospholipid for mitochondrial function, remained unchanged both in quadriceps muscle and in its mitochondria whatever the mice genotype. In conclusion, this study shows that muscle lipid content and fatty acid profile are strongly affected in skeletal muscle by p43 levels. We also demonstrate that regulation of cardiolipin biosynthesis by the thyroid hormone does not imply p43.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- François Casas
- DMEM, INRA, Montpellier, France.
- University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France.
| | - Gilles Fouret
- DMEM, INRA, Montpellier, France
- University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Jérome Lecomte
- University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- IATE, INRA, Montpellier, France
- CIRAD, Montpellier, France
- SupAgro, Montpellier, France
| | - Fabienne Cortade
- DMEM, INRA, Montpellier, France
- University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Laurence Pessemesse
- DMEM, INRA, Montpellier, France
- University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Emilie Blanchet
- DMEM, INRA, Montpellier, France
- University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Charles Coudray
- DMEM, INRA, Montpellier, France
- University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Hayashi M, Futawaka K, Matsushita M, Hatai M, Yoshikawa N, Nakamura K, Tagami T, Moriyama K. Cigarette Smoke Extract Disrupts Transcriptional Activities Mediated by Thyroid Hormones and Its Receptors. Biol Pharm Bull 2018; 41:383-393. [PMID: 29491215 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b17-00735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Cigarette smoke contains over 4800 compounds, including at least 200 toxicants or endocrine disruptors. Currently, effects of cigarette smoke on thyroid hormone (TH) levels remains to be clarified. Here, we demonstrate that cigarette smoke extract (CSE) possesses thyroid hormone properties and acts synergistically as a partial agonist for thyroid hormone receptors (TRs) in the presence of TH. In transient gene expression experiments, CSE stimulated transcriptional activity with TH in a dose-dependent manner. Stimulatory effects were observed with physiological TH concentrations, although CSE did not activate TRs without TH. CSE (5%) dissolved in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) supplemented with 1 nM TH was approximately comparable to 3.2±0.1 and 2.3±0.2 nM of TRα1 and TRβ1, respectively. To illustrate probable mechanisms of the CSE agonistic activity, effects on TR mediated transcriptional functions with cofactors were investigated. With a mammalian two-hybrid assay, CSE recruited the nuclear coactivators glucocorticoid receptor interacting protein 1 (GRIP1) and steroid receptor coactivator 1 (SRC1) to the TR. Unsaturated carbonyl compounds, acrolein, crotonaldehyde, and methyl vinyl ketone, representative constituents of CSE, retained such agonistic properties and possibly contributed to stimulatory effects. The results suggest that CSE recruits a transcriptional activator and may reinforce TH binding to the TR additively, resulting in gene expression. CSE partially agonizes TH action and may disturb the function of various nuclear hormone receptor types and their cofactors to disrupt the physiological processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Misa Hayashi
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mukogawa Women's University
| | - Kumi Futawaka
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mukogawa Women's University
| | - Midori Matsushita
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mukogawa Women's University
| | - Mayuko Hatai
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mukogawa Women's University
| | - Noriko Yoshikawa
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mukogawa Women's University
| | - Kazuki Nakamura
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mukogawa Women's University
| | - Tetsuya Tagami
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Hypertension, Clinical Research Institute, Kyoto Medical Center, National Hospital Organization
| | - Kenji Moriyama
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mukogawa Women's University
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Hypertension, Clinical Research Institute, Kyoto Medical Center, National Hospital Organization
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Frau C, Godart M, Plateroti M. Thyroid hormone regulation of intestinal epithelial stem cell biology. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2017; 459:90-97. [PMID: 28288904 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2017.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Revised: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The gastrointestinal tract is a well-characterized target of thyroid hormones and thyroid hormone nuclear receptors TRs, as extensively described in the literature. The paradigm is its important remodelling in amphibians during thyroid hormone-dependent metamorphosis. Interestingly, several studies have described the conservation of this hormonal signal during intestinal development in mammals. Additional data suggested that it may also play a role in intestinal homeostasis, stem cell physiology and progenitor commitment as well as in tumour development. It is worth underlining that in the mammalian intestine the functionality of the TRα1 receptor is coordinated and integrated with other signalling pathways, such as Wnt and Notch, specifically at the level of stem/progenitor cell populations. Here, we summarize these data and concepts and discuss this new role for thyroid hormones and the TRα1 receptor in the biology of intestinal epithelial precursor cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carla Frau
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, INSERM U1052, CNRS UMR5286, Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, Centre Léon Bérard, Département de La Recherche, 69000 Lyon, France
| | - Matthias Godart
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, INSERM U1052, CNRS UMR5286, Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, Centre Léon Bérard, Département de La Recherche, 69000 Lyon, France
| | - Michelina Plateroti
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, INSERM U1052, CNRS UMR5286, Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, Centre Léon Bérard, Département de La Recherche, 69000 Lyon, France.
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Abstract
The demonstration that TRα1 mRNA encodes a nuclear thyroid hormone receptor and two proteins imported into mitochondria with molecular masses of 43 and 28 kDa has brought new clues to better understand the pleiotropic influence of iodinated hormones. If p28 activity remains unknown, p43 binds to T3 responsive elements occurring in the organelle genome, and, in the T3 presence, stimulates mitochondrial transcription and the subsequent synthesis of mitochondrial encoded proteins. This influence increases mitochondrial activity and through changes in the mitochondrial/nuclear cross talk affects important nuclear target genes regulating cell proliferation and differentiation, oncogenesis, or apoptosis. In addition, this pathway influences muscle metabolic and contractile phenotype, as well as glycaemia regulation. Interestingly, according to the process considered, p43 exerts opposite or cooperative effects with the well-known T3 pathway, thus allowing a fine tuning of the physiological influence of this hormone.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chantal Wrutniak-Cabello
- INRA, UMR 866 Dynamique Musculaire et Métabolisme, 34060 Montpellier, France; Université de Montpellier, UMR 866 Dynamique Musculaire et Métabolisme, 34060 Montpellier, France.
| | - François Casas
- INRA, UMR 866 Dynamique Musculaire et Métabolisme, 34060 Montpellier, France; Université de Montpellier, UMR 866 Dynamique Musculaire et Métabolisme, 34060 Montpellier, France
| | - Gérard Cabello
- INRA, UMR 866 Dynamique Musculaire et Métabolisme, 34060 Montpellier, France; Université de Montpellier, UMR 866 Dynamique Musculaire et Métabolisme, 34060 Montpellier, France
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Sofronova SI, Gaynullina DK, Shvetsova AA, Borzykh AA, Selivanova EK, Kostyunina DS, Sharova AP, Martyanov AA, Tarasova OS. Antenatal/early postnatal hypothyroidism alters arterial tone regulation in 2-week-old rats. J Endocrinol 2017; 235:137-151. [PMID: 28794003 DOI: 10.1530/joe-17-0225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The mechanisms of vascular alterations resulting from early thyroid hormones deficiency are poorly understood. We tested the hypothesis that antenatal/early postnatal hypothyroidism would alter the activity of endothelial NO pathway and Rho-kinase pathway, which are specific for developing vasculature. Dams were treated with propylthiouracil (PTU, 7 ppm) in drinking water during gestation and 2 weeks after delivery, and their progeny had normal body weight but markedly reduced blood levels of thyroid hormones (ELISA). Small arteries from 2-week-old male pups were studied using wire myography, qPCR and Western blotting. Mesenteric arteries of PTU pups, compared to controls, demonstrated smaller maximum response to α1-adrenergic agonist methoxamine and reduced mRNA contents of smooth muscle differentiation markers α-actin and SERCA2A. Inhibition of basal NO synthesis by l-NNA led to tonic contraction of mesenteric arteries and augmented their contractile responses to methoxamine; both l-NNA effects were impaired in PTU pups. PTU pups demonstrated lower blood level of NO metabolites compared to control group (Griess reaction). Rho-kinase inhibitor Y27632 strongly reduced mesenteric arteries responses to methoxamine in PTU pups, that was accompanied by elevated Rho-kinase content in their arteries in comparison to control ones. Unlike mesenteric, saphenous arteries of PTU pups, compared to controls, had no changes in α-actin and SERCA2A contents and in responses to l-NNA and Y27632. In conclusion, thyroid hormones deficiency suppresses the anticontractile effect of NO and potentiates the procontractile Rho-kinase effects in mesenteric arteries of 2-week-old pups. Such alterations disturb perinatal cardiovascular homeostasis and might lead to cardiovascular pathologies in adulthood.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana I Sofronova
- Institute for Biomedical ProblemsRussian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- Faculty of BiologyM.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Dina K Gaynullina
- Institute for Biomedical ProblemsRussian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- Faculty of BiologyM.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
- Department of PhysiologyRussian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anastasia A Shvetsova
- Institute for Biomedical ProblemsRussian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- Faculty of BiologyM.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anna A Borzykh
- Institute for Biomedical ProblemsRussian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ekaterina K Selivanova
- Institute for Biomedical ProblemsRussian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- Faculty of BiologyM.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Daria S Kostyunina
- Institute for Biomedical ProblemsRussian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- Faculty of BiologyM.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anna P Sharova
- Institute for Biomedical ProblemsRussian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrey A Martyanov
- Institute for Biomedical ProblemsRussian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- Faculty of BiologyM.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Olga S Tarasova
- Institute for Biomedical ProblemsRussian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- Faculty of BiologyM.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| |
Collapse
|