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Xie Z, Li C, An Y, Zhao D, Wang X. Thyroid hormone resistance syndrome due to a novel heterozygous mutation and concomitant Hashimoto's Thyroiditis: A pedigree report. J Int Med Res 2022; 50:3000605221109398. [PMID: 35850606 PMCID: PMC9310067 DOI: 10.1177/03000605221109398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Thyroid hormone resistance syndrome (THRS) is a rare disease characterized by
reduced sensitivity to thyroid hormones. Mutations in the thyroid hormone
receptor beta (THRB) gene are considered as contributing to the
pathogenesis. This report describes a Chinese pedigree with THRS and Hashimoto’s
thyroiditis (HT) due to novel point mutation in the 11th exon of the
THRB gene (c. 1378 G > A). The proband complained of
goitre with increased thyroid hormone and normal thyroid stimulating hormone
levels. Gene sequencing was performed to confirm the diagnosis. HT was also
diagnosed based on positive thyroid autoantibodies and diffuse, grid-like
changes in the thyroid on ultrasound examination. Additionally, a comprehensive
examination of the proband’s pedigree was conducted. The patient’s father
exhibited the same gene mutation site and was diagnosed with THRS and HT. No
mutation site was detected in three patients with HT only and three healthy
volunteers. Thus, gene sequencing should be considered the gold standard for
diagnosing THRS. Furthermore, treatment should be individualized to control the
patient’s symptoms rather than normalizing thyroid hormone levels. Further
studies that determine the relationship between THRS and TH are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongyan Xie
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Beijing Luhe Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - ChenFei Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Luhe Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yaxin An
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Luhe Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Dong Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Luhe Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xuhong Wang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Beijing Luhe Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Abstract
Thyroid hormone receptors are nuclear receptors that function as transcription factors and are regulated by thyroid hormones. To date, a number of variants and isoforms are known. This review focuses on the thyroid hormone receptor α (TRα), in particular TRα2, an isoform that arises from alternative splicing of the THRA mRNA transcript. Unlike the TRα1 isoform, which can bind T3, the TRα2 isoform lacks a ligand-binding domain but still binds to DNA thereby antagonizing the transcriptional activity of TRα1. Although a regulatory role has been proposed, the physiological function of this TRα2 antagonism is still unclear due to limited in vitro and mouse model data. Recently, the first patients with resistance to thyroid hormone due to mutations in THRA, the TRα encoding gene, affecting the antagonistic function of TRα2 were described, suggesting a significant role of this particular isoform in human physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Paisdzior
- Institute of Experimental Pediatric Endocrinology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Markus Schuelke
- NeuroCure Cluster of Excellence; Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Neuropediatrics, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Heiko Krude
- Institute of Experimental Pediatric Endocrinology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Fang Y, Dang P, Liang Y, Zhao D, Wang R, Xi Y, Zhang D, Wang W, Shan Z, Teng W, Teng X. Histological, functional and transcriptomic alterations in the juvenile hippocampus in a mouse model of thyroid hormone resistance. Eur Thyroid J 2022; 11:e210097. [PMID: 35262510 PMCID: PMC9066571 DOI: 10.1530/etj-21-0097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Proper thyroid hormone signaling via the TRα1 nuclear receptor is required for normal neurodevelopmental processes. The specific downstream mechanisms mediated by TRα1 that impact brain development remain to be investigated. METHODS In this study, the structure, function and transcriptome of hippocampal tissue in a mouse model expressing the first RTHα mutation discovered in a patient, THRA E403X, were analyzed. RNAscope was used to visualize the spatial and temporal expression of Thra1 mRNA in the hippocampus of WT mice, which is corresponding to THRA1 mRNA in humans. The morphological structure was analyzed by Nissl staining, and the synaptic transmission was analyzed on the basis of long-term potentiation. The Morris water maze test and the zero maze test were used to evaluate the behavior. RNA-seq and quantitative real-time PCR were used to analyze the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) of the hippocampal tissues in the mouse model expressing the Thra E403X mutation. RESULTS The juvenile mutant Thra E403X mice presented with delayed neuronal migration, disordered neuronal distribution, and decreased synaptic plasticity. A total of 754 DEGs, including 361 upregulated genes and 393 downregulated genes, were identified by RNA-seq. DEG-enriched Gene Ontology (GO) and KEGG pathways were associated with PI3K-Akt signaling, ECM-receptor interaction, neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction, and a range of immune-related pathways. 25 DEGs were validated by qPCR. CONCLUSIONS The ThraE403X mutation results in histological and functional abnormalities, as well as transcriptomic alterations in the juvenile mouse hippocampus. This study of the ThraE403X mutant offers new insights into the biological cause of RTHα-associated neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingxin Fang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrine, NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Thyroid Diseases, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Pingping Dang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrine, NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Thyroid Diseases, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yue Liang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrine, NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Thyroid Diseases, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Defa Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrine, NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Thyroid Diseases, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ranran Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrine, NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Thyroid Diseases, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yue Xi
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrine, NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Thyroid Diseases, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dan Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrine, NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Thyroid Diseases, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrine, NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Thyroid Diseases, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhongyan Shan
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrine, NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Thyroid Diseases, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Weiping Teng
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrine, NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Thyroid Diseases, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence should be addressed to X Teng:
| | - Xiaochun Teng
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrine, NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Thyroid Diseases, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence should be addressed to X Teng:
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Xi Y, Zhang D, Liang Y, Shan Z, Teng X, Teng W. Proteomic Analysis of the Intestinal Resistance to Thyroid Hormone Mouse Model With Thyroid Hormone Receptor Alpha Mutations. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:773516. [PMID: 35574030 PMCID: PMC9095823 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.773516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Thyroid hormone is critical during the development of vertebrates and affects the function of many organs and tissues, especially the intestine. Triiodothyronine (T3) is the active form and can bind to thyroid hormone nuclear receptors (TRs) to play a vital role in the development of vertebrates. The resistance to thyroid hormone α, as seen in patients, has been mimicked by the ThraE403X mutation. To investigate the mechanisms underlying the effect of TRα1 on intestinal development, the present study employed proteomic analysis to identify differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) in the distal ileum between homozygous ThraE403X/E403X and wild-type Thra+/+ mice. A total of 1,189 DEPs were identified, including 603 upregulated and 586 downregulated proteins. Proteomic analysis revealed that the DEPs were highly enriched in the metabolic process, the developmental process, the transporter of the nutrients, and the intestinal immune system-related pathway. Of these DEPs, 20 proteins were validated by parallel reaction monitoring analysis. Our intestinal proteomic results provide promising candidates for future studies, as they suggest novel mechanisms by which TRα1 may influence intestinal development, such as the transport of intestinal nutrients and the establishment of innate and adaptive immune barriers of the intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Xi
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Endocrine Institute, and Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine Diseases, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Dan Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Yue Liang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Endocrine Institute, and Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine Diseases, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhongyan Shan
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Endocrine Institute, and Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine Diseases, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiaochun Teng
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Endocrine Institute, and Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine Diseases, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaochun Teng, ; Weiping Teng,
| | - Weiping Teng
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Endocrine Institute, and Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine Diseases, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaochun Teng, ; Weiping Teng,
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Xu YX, Liu GY, Jiang Q, Bi HQ, Wang SC, Zhang PP, Gao CB, Chen GH, Cheng WH, Chen GJ, Zhu DF, Zhong MK, Xu Q. Effect of Restricted Feeding on Metabolic Health and Sleep-Wake Rhythms in Aging Mice. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:745227. [PMID: 34557073 PMCID: PMC8453873 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.745227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging, an irreversible and unavoidable physiological process in all organisms, is often accompanied by obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, sleep disorders, and fatigue. Thus, older adults are more likely to experience metabolic symptoms and sleep disturbances than are younger adults. Restricted feeding (RF) is a dietary regimen aimed at improving metabolic health and extending longevity, as well as reorganizing sleep-wake cycles. However, the potential of RF to improve metabolic health and sleep quality in older adults who are known to show a tendency toward increased weight gain and decreased sleep is unknown. To elucidate this issue, aged mice were assigned to an RF protocol during the active phase for 2 h per day for 2 weeks. Sleep-wake cycles were recorded during the RF regime in RF group and control mice. At the end of this period, body weight and blood biochemistry profiles, including blood glucose, cholesterol, and enzyme activity, in addition to dopamine concentrations in the brain, were measured in the RF group and age-matched controls. RF for 2 weeks improved the metabolic health of aged mice by reducing their body weights and blood glucose and cholesterol levels. At the beginning of the RF regime, sleep decreased in the dark period but not in the light period. After stable food entrainment was achieved (7 days post-RF commencement), the amount of time spent in wakefulness during the light period dramatically increased for 2 h before food availability, thereby increasing the mean duration of awake episodes and decreasing the number of wakefulness episodes. There was no significant difference in the sleep-wake time during the dark period in the RF group, with similar total amounts of wakefulness and sleep in a 24-h period to those of the controls. During the RF regime, dopamine levels in the midbrain increased in the RF group, pointing to its potential as the mechanism mediating metabolic symptoms and sleep-wake regulation during RF. In conclusion, our study suggested that RF during aging might prohibit or delay the onset of age-related diseases by improving metabolic health, without having a severe deleterious effect on sleep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Xia Xu
- Department of Geriatric Endocrinology, Anhui Geriatric Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Guo-Ying Liu
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Qian Jiang
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Han-Qi Bi
- Department of Geriatric Endocrinology, Anhui Geriatric Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Shi-Chan Wang
- Department of Geriatric Endocrinology, Anhui Geriatric Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Ping-Ping Zhang
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Chao-Bing Gao
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Gui-Hai Chen
- Department of Sleep Disorders and Neurology, The Affiliated Chaohu Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Wen-Hui Cheng
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Laboratory Animal Research Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Guan-Jun Chen
- Center for Scientific Research, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - De-Fa Zhu
- Department of Geriatric Endocrinology, Anhui Geriatric Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Ming-Kui Zhong
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Qi Xu
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
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