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Hsieh MC, Hsieh YH, Chou CH, Yang JS, Lu PWA, Huang TY, Yang SF, Lu KH. Apoptotic effect and cell arrest of deoxyshikonin in human osteosarcoma cells through the p38 pathway. J Cell Mol Med 2023. [PMID: 37155410 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma is the most common primary bone cancer that affects adolescents with early metastatic potential and drastically reduces their long-term survival rate if pulmonary metastases are detected at diagnosis. The natural naphthoquinol compound deoxyshikonin exhibits anticancer properties, so we hypothesized that it has an apoptotic effect on osteosarcoma U2OS and HOS cells and studied its mechanisms. After deoxyshikonin treatment, dose-dependent decreases in cell viability, induction of cell apoptosis and arrest in the sub-G1 phase of U2OS and HOS cells were observed. The increases in cleaved caspase 3 expression and the decreases in X-chromosome-linked IAP (XIAP) and cellular inhibitors of apoptosis 1 (cIAP-1) expressions after deoxyshikonin treatment in the human apoptosis array were identified in HOS cells, and dose-dependent expression changes of IAPs and cleaved caspase 3, 8 and 9 were verified by Western blotting in U2OS and HOS cells. Phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated protein kinases (ERK)1/2, c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNK)1/2 and p38 expressions in U2OS and HOS cells was also increased by deoxyshikonin in a dose-dependent manner. Subsequently, cotreatment with inhibitors of ERK (U0126), JNK (JNK-IN-8) and p38 (SB203580) was performed to show that p38 signalling is responsible for deoxyshikonin-induced apoptosis in U2OS and HOS cells, but not via the ERK and JNK pathways. These discoveries demonstrate that deoxyshikonin may be a possible chemotherapeutic candidate to induce cell arrest and apoptosis by activating extrinsic and intrinsic pathways through p38 for human osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Chang Hsieh
- School of Medical Laboratory and Biotechnology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hsien Hsieh
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hsuan Chou
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Sin Yang
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | | | - Tzu-Yu Huang
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shun-Fa Yang
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ko-Hsiu Lu
- Department of Orthopedics, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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2
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Lu KH, Lu PWA, Lin CW, Yang SF. Curcumin in human osteosarcoma: From analogs to carriers. Drug Discov Today 2023; 28:103437. [PMID: 36372327 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2022.103437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (osteogenic sarcoma), the most prevalent primary malignant bone tumor in adolescents, confers low survival rates in patients with metastatic disease. Dietary curcumin has a number of anticancer properties but has poor bioavailability. To improve the clinical applications of curcumin, several potential curcumin analogs and nanobased curcumin delivery systems have been developed. In this critical review, we address the biological and pharmacological characteristics of curcumin and its analogs, with an emphasis on strategies to improve the bioactivity and bioavailability of curcumin analogs that may increase their application in the treatment of potent human metastatic osteosarcoma. We highlight promising current multifunctional nanoformulations and three-dimensional printed scaffold systems utilized for the targeting and delivery of curcumin in human osteosarcoma cells. Our purpose is to drive further research on curcumin analogs and carriers to improve their bioavailability and anti-osteosarcoma bioactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ko-Hsiu Lu
- Department of Orthopedics, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | | | - Chiao-Wen Lin
- Institute of Oral Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shun-Fa Yang
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.
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3
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Lee C, Hsiao Y, Chen P, Wu H, Lu C, Yang S, Wang P. CLEFMA induces intrinsic and extrinsic apoptotic pathways through ERK1/2 and p38 signalling in uterine cervical cancer cells. J Cell Mol Med 2023; 27:446-455. [PMID: 36645157 PMCID: PMC9889609 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Although concurrent chemoradiotherapy is the cornerstone of treatment for locally advanced or recurrent uterine cervical cancer, treatment fails at a high rate. Therefore, the development of novel targeting agents is critical. This study investigated the action of CLEFMA, a potent, synthetic curcumin derivative, on cervical cancer cells and its mechanism of action. We found that CLEFMA negatively regulated the viability of cervical cancer cells, involving induction of cell apoptosis. Cleaved caspase-3, cleaved poly(adenosine diphosphate-ribose) polymerase, cleaved caspase-8, and cleaved caspase-9 expression were increased by treatment with CLEFMA. After U0126 (ERK1/2 inhibitor) and SB203580 (p38 inhibitor) were applied as cotreatment with CLEFMA, the expression of cleaved caspase-8, -9, and -3 was reduced significantly. In conclusion, CLEFMA activates both extrinsic and intrinsic apoptotic pathways through ERK1/2 and p38 signal transduction in cervical cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung‐Yuan Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyChiayi Chang Gung Memorial HospitalChiayiTaiwan,Department of NursingChang Gung University of Science and TechnologyChiayiTaiwan
| | - Yi‐Hsuan Hsiao
- School of MedicineChung Shan Medical UniversityTaichungTaiwan,Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyChanghua Christian HospitalChanghuaTaiwan,Women's Health Research LaboratoryChanghua Christian HospitalChanghuaTaiwan
| | - Pei‐Ni Chen
- Institute of MedicineChung Shan Medical UniversityTaichungTaiwan,Department of Medical ResearchChung Shan Medical University HospitalTaichungTaiwan
| | - Heng‐Hsiung Wu
- Program for Cancer Biology and Drug DiscoveryChina Medical UniversityTaichungTaiwan
| | - Chih‐Yun Lu
- Institute of MedicineChung Shan Medical UniversityTaichungTaiwan
| | - Shun‐Fa Yang
- Institute of MedicineChung Shan Medical UniversityTaichungTaiwan,Department of Medical ResearchChung Shan Medical University HospitalTaichungTaiwan
| | - Po‐Hui Wang
- Institute of MedicineChung Shan Medical UniversityTaichungTaiwan,Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyChung Shan Medical University HospitalTaichungTaiwan
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4
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Lu KH, Lu PWA, Lu EWH, Lin CW, Yang SF. Curcumin and its Analogs and Carriers: Potential Therapeutic Strategies for Human Osteosarcoma. Int J Biol Sci 2023; 19:1241-1265. [PMID: 36923933 PMCID: PMC10008701 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.80590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Curcumin is a natural polyphenol phytochemical derived from turmeric with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer properties but is concerned about poor solubility in water, absorption, and metabolic stability. Potent metastatic osteosarcoma is the most common primary bone cancer in children, adolescents, and young adults. It is responsible for low survival rates because of its high rate of metastasis to the lungs. To improve poor bioavailability, numerous curcumin analogs were developed to possess anticancer characteristics through a variety of biological pathways involved in cytotoxicity, proliferation, autophagy, sensitizing chemotherapy, and metastases. This review provides an overview of their various pharmacological functions, molecular mechanisms, and therapeutic potential as a remedy for human osteosarcoma. To enhance therapeutic efficacy, several liposomal nanoparticles, nanocarriers, multifunctional micelles, and three-dimensional printed scaffolds have also been developed for the controlled delivery of curcumin targeting human osteosarcoma cells. Consequently, curcumin and several potential analogs and delivery formulations are optimistic candidates to improve the currently available strategy for human osteosarcoma. However, further insight into the mechanism of action of promising curcumin analogs and the development of carriers in clinical trials of osteosarcoma needs to be investigated to improve their overall potency and clinical utility, in particular the anti-metastatic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ko-Hsiu Lu
- Department of Orthopedics, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | | | - Eric Wun-Hao Lu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Chiao-Wen Lin
- Institute of Oral Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shun-Fa Yang
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
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5
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Chen PN, Lin CW, Yang SF, Chang YC. CLEFMA Induces the Apoptosis of Oral Squamous Carcinoma Cells through the Regulation of the P38/HO-1 Signalling Pathway. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14225519. [PMID: 36428612 PMCID: PMC9688613 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14225519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this research was to evaluate the impact and the underlying molecular mechanism of CLEFMA-induced cell death in human OSCC. The anti-tumour properties of CLEFMA in oral cancer were explored using colony formation, flow cytometry, human apoptosis array, Western blot, and immunohistochemistry assays. The in vivo anti-tumour effect of CLEFMA administered by oral gavage was evaluated using SCC-9-derived xenograft-bearing nude mouse models. CLEFMA significantly suppressed colony formation and elicited cellular apoptosis in oral cancer cells. CLEFMA treatment remarkably increased phosphorylated p38 and HO-1 along with cleavage of poly ADP-ribose polymerase and activation of caspase-8, -9, and -3 in HSC-3 and SCC-9 cells. Administration of HO-1 small interfering RNA significantly protected the cells from CLEFMA-induced caspase-3, -8, and -9 activation. Attenuation of p38 activity by the pharmacologic inhibitor SB203580 dramatically reduced CLEFMA-induced caspase-3, -8, and -9 activation and HO-1 expression in OSCC. The subcutaneous murine xenograft models showed that CLEFMA in vivo suppressed tumour growth in implanted SCC-9 cells. All of these findings indicated that CLEFMA induced apoptosis through the p38-dependent rise in HO-1 signal transduction cascades in OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Ni Chen
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Chiao-Wen Lin
- Institute of Oral Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
- Department of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Shun-Fa Yang
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chao Chang
- Department of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 402, Taiwan
- School of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
- Correspondence:
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6
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Lu PWA, Chou CH, Yang JS, Hsieh YH, Tsai MY, Lu KH, Yang SF. HO-3867 Induces Apoptosis via the JNK Signaling Pathway in Human Osteosarcoma Cells. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14061257. [PMID: 35745828 PMCID: PMC9229449 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14061257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Metastatic osteosarcoma often results in poor prognosis despite the application of surgical en bloc excision along with chemotherapy. HO-3867 is a curcumin analog that induces cell apoptosis in several cancers, but the apoptotic effect and its mechanisms on osteosarcoma cells are still unknown. After observing the decrease in cellular viability of three human osteosarcoma U2OS, HOS, and MG-63 cell lines, and the induction of cellular apoptosis and arrest in sub-G1 phase in U2OS and HOS cells by HO-3867, the human apoptosis array showed that heme oxygenase (HO)-1 and cleaved caspase-3 expressions had significant increases after HO-3867 treatment in U2OS cells and vice versa for cellular inhibitors of apoptosis (cIAP)1 and X-chromosome-linked IAP (XIAP). Western blot analysis verified the results and showed that HO-3867 activated the initiators of both extrinsic caspase 8 and intrinsic caspase 9, and significantly increased cleaved PARP expression in U2OS and HOS cells. Moreover, with the addition of HO-3867, ERK1/2, and JNK1/2 phosphorylation were increased in U2OS and HOS cells. Using the inhibitor of JNK (JNK in 8), HO-3867’s increases in cleaved caspases 3, 8, and 9 could be expectedly suppressed, indicating that JNK signaling is responsible for both apoptotic pathways, including extrinsic and intrinsic, in U2OS and HOS cells caused by HO-3867. Through JNK signaling, HO-3867 has proven to be effective in causing both extrinsic and intrinsic apoptotic pathways of human osteosarcoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chia-Hsuan Chou
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan; (C.-H.C.); (J.-S.Y.); (Y.-H.H.); (M.-Y.T.)
- Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Sin Yang
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan; (C.-H.C.); (J.-S.Y.); (Y.-H.H.); (M.-Y.T.)
- Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hsien Hsieh
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan; (C.-H.C.); (J.-S.Y.); (Y.-H.H.); (M.-Y.T.)
- Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Ying Tsai
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan; (C.-H.C.); (J.-S.Y.); (Y.-H.H.); (M.-Y.T.)
- Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Ko-Hsiu Lu
- Department of Orthopedics, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 402, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (K.-H.L.); (S.-F.Y.); Tel.: +886-4-24739595-34253 (S.-F.Y.)
| | - Shun-Fa Yang
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan; (C.-H.C.); (J.-S.Y.); (Y.-H.H.); (M.-Y.T.)
- Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 402, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (K.-H.L.); (S.-F.Y.); Tel.: +886-4-24739595-34253 (S.-F.Y.)
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7
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Huber I, Pandur E, Sipos K, Barna L, Harazin A, Deli MA, Tyukodi L, Gulyás-Fekete G, Kulcsár G, Rozmer Z. Novel cyclic C 5-curcuminoids penetrating the blood-brain barrier: Design, synthesis and antiproliferative activity against astrocytoma and neuroblastoma cells. Eur J Pharm Sci 2022; 173:106184. [PMID: 35413433 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2022.106184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Novel series of cyclic C5-curcuminoids 17a-j and 19-22 were prepared as cytotoxic agents and evaluated against human neuroblastoma (SH-SY5Y) or human grade IV astrocytoma (CCF-STTG1) cell lines in low (∼0.1 nM - 10 nM) concentrations. Among the tested 21 derivatives, 16 displayed potent antiproliferative activity with IC50 values in the low nanomolar to picomolar range (IC50 = 7.483-0.139 nM). Highly active compounds like N-monocarboxylic derivative 19b with IC50 = 0.139 nM value against neuroblastoma and N-alkyl substituted 11 with IC50 = 0.257 nM against astrocytoma proved some degree of selectivity toward non-cancerous astrocytes and kidney cells. This potent anticancer activity did not show a strong correlation with experimental logPTLC values, but the most potent antiproliferative molecules 11-13 and 19-22 are belonging to discrete subgroups of the cyclic C5-curcuminoids. Compounds 12, 17c and 19b were subjected to blood-brain barrier (BBB) penetration studies, too. The BBB was revealed to be permeable for all of them but, as the apparent permeability coefficient (Papp) values mirrored, in different ratios. Lower toxicity of 12, 17c and 19b was observed toward primary rat brain endothelial cells of the BBB model, which means they remained undamaged under 10 µM concentrations. Penetration depends, at least in part, on albumin binding of 12, 17c and 19b and the presence of monocarboxylic acid transporters in the case of 19b. Permeation through the BBB and albumin binding, we described here, is the first example of cyclic C5-curcuminoids as to our knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imre Huber
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary.
| | - Edina Pandur
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Katalin Sipos
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Lilla Barna
- Biological Barriers Research Group, Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary
| | - András Harazin
- Biological Barriers Research Group, Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Mária A Deli
- Biological Barriers Research Group, Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Levente Tyukodi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | | | - Győző Kulcsár
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Zsuzsanna Rozmer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
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8
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Chen CW, Hsieh MJ, Ju PC, Hsieh YH, Su CW, Chen YL, Yang SF, Lin CW. Curcumin analog HO-3867 triggers apoptotic pathways through activating JNK1/2 signalling in human oral squamous cell carcinoma cells. J Cell Mol Med 2022; 26:2273-2284. [PMID: 35191177 PMCID: PMC8995445 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Human oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the common head and neck malignancy in the world. While surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy are emerging as the standard treatment for OSCC patients, the outcome is limited to the recurrence and side effects. Therefore, patients with OSCC require alternative strategies for treatment. In this study, we aimed to explore the therapeutic effect and the mode of action of the novel curcumin analog, HO-3867, against human OSCC cells. We analysed the cytotoxicity of HO-3867 using MTT assay. In vitro mechanic studies were performed to determine whether MAPK pathway is involved in HO-3867 induced cell apoptosis. As the results, we found HO-3867 suppressed OSCC cells growth effectively. The flow cytometry data indicate that HO-3867 induce the sub-G1 phase. Moreover, we found that HO-3867 induced cell apoptosis by triggering formation of activated caspase 3, caspase 8, caspase 9 and PARP. After dissecting MAPK pathway, we found HO-3867 induced cell apoptosis via the c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK)1/2 pathway. Our results suggest that HO-3867 is an effective anticancer agent as its induction of cell apoptosis through JNK1/2 pathway in human oral cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Wei Chen
- Department of Life Science, College of Science and Engineering, National Dong Hwa University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Ju Hsieh
- Oral Cancer Research Center, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan.,Department of Post-Baccalaureate Medicine, College of Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Po-Chung Ju
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Psychiatry, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hsien Hsieh
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Wen Su
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Lin Chen
- Institute of Oral Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Shun-Fa Yang
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chiao-Wen Lin
- Institute of Oral Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 402, Taiwan
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9
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Su CW, Chuang CY, Chen YT, Yang WE, Pan YP, Lin CW, Yang SF. FLLL32 Triggers Caspase-Mediated Apoptotic Cell Death in Human Oral Cancer Cells by Regulating the p38 Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:11860. [PMID: 34769290 PMCID: PMC8584525 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral cancer is the most common oral malignant tumor in Taiwan. Although there exist several methods for treatment, oral cancer still has a poor prognosis and high recurrence. FLLL32, a synthetic analog of curcumin with antitumor activity, is currently known to induce melanoma apoptosis and inhibit tumor growth in various cancers. However, few studies have examined the mechanisms of FLLL32 in oral cancer. In this study, we explore whether FLLL32 induces apoptosis in oral cancer. We determined that FLLL32 can inhibit the cell viability of oral cancer. Next, we analyzed the effect of FLLL32 on the cell cycle of oral cancer cells and observed that the proportion of cells in the G2/M phase was increased. Additionally, annexin-V/PI double staining revealed that FLLL32 induced apoptosis in oral cancer cells. Data from the Human Apoptosis Array revealed that FLLL32 increases the expression of cleaved caspase-3 and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1). FLLL32 activates proteins such as caspase-8, caspase-9, caspase-3, PARP, and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) in apoptosis-related molecular mechanisms. Moreover, by using MAPK inhibitors, we suggest that FLLL32 induces the apoptosis of oral cancer cells through the p38 MAPK signaling pathway. In conclusion, our findings suggest that FLLL32 is a potential therapeutic agent for oral cancer by inducing caspase-dependent apoptosis and HO-1 activation through the p38 pathway. We believe that the activation of HO-1 and the p38 pathway by FLLL32 represent potential targets for further research in oral cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Wen Su
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan; (C.-W.S.); (W.-E.Y.); (Y.-P.P.)
- Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Yi Chuang
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan;
- Department of Otolaryngology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Tzu Chen
- School of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan;
- Institute of Oral Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
- Department of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Wei-En Yang
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan; (C.-W.S.); (W.-E.Y.); (Y.-P.P.)
- Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ping Pan
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan; (C.-W.S.); (W.-E.Y.); (Y.-P.P.)
- Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Chiao-Wen Lin
- Institute of Oral Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
- Department of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Shun-Fa Yang
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan; (C.-W.S.); (W.-E.Y.); (Y.-P.P.)
- Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 402, Taiwan
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10
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Tobeiha M, Rajabi A, Raisi A, Mohajeri M, Yazdi SM, Davoodvandi A, Aslanbeigi F, Vaziri M, Hamblin MR, Mirzaei H. Potential of natural products in osteosarcoma treatment: Focus on molecular mechanisms. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 144:112257. [PMID: 34688081 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma is the most frequent type of bone cancer found in children and adolescents, and commonly arises in the metaphyseal region of tubular long bones. Standard therapeutic approaches, such as surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy, are used in the management of osteosarcoma. In recent years, the mortality rate of osteosarcoma has decreased due to advances in treatment methods. Today, the scientific community is investigating the use of different naturally derived active principles against various types of cancer. Natural bioactive compounds can function against cancer cells in two ways. Firstly they can act as classical cytotoxic compounds by non-specifically affecting macromolecules, such as DNA, enzymes, and microtubules, which are also expressed in normal proliferating cells, but to a greater extent by cancer cells. Secondly, they can act against oncogenic signal transduction pathways, many of which are activated in cancer cells. Some bioactive plant-derived agents are gaining increasing attention because of their anti-cancer properties. Moreover, some naturally-derived compounds can significantly promote the effectiveness of standard chemotherapy drugs, and in certain cases are able to ameliorate drug-induced adverse effects caused by chemotherapy. In the present review we summarize the effects of various naturally-occurring bioactive compounds against osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Tobeiha
- School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran; Student Research Committee, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Ali Rajabi
- School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran; Student Research Committee, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Arash Raisi
- School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran; Student Research Committee, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Mahshad Mohajeri
- School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Amirhossein Davoodvandi
- Student Research Committee, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran; Cancer Immunology Project (CIP), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Aslanbeigi
- School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran; Student Research Committee, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - MohamadSadegh Vaziri
- Student Research Committee, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran.
| | - Michael R Hamblin
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Science, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein 2028, South Africa.
| | - Hamed Mirzaei
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.
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11
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Song JH, Jia HY, Shao TP, Liu ZB, Zhao YP. Hydrogen gas post-conditioning alleviates cognitive dysfunction and anxiety-like behavior in a rat model of subarachnoid hemorrhage. Exp Ther Med 2021; 22:1121. [PMID: 34504575 PMCID: PMC8383778 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.10555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) results in high rates of mortality and lasting disability. Hydrogen gas (H2) is an antioxidant with demonstrated neuroprotective efficacy. The present study examined the therapeutic efficacy of H2 inhalation on early brain injury following experimental SAH in rats and the potential underlying molecular mechanisms. The rats were randomly separated into three groups (n=36 per group): Sham, SAH and SAH + H2. Endovascular perforation of the right internal carotid artery was used to establish SAH. After perforation, rats in the SAH + H2 group inhaled 2.9% H2 with regular oxygen for 2 h. Then, 24 h post-SAH, TUNEL staining was used to detect apoptotic neurons, and both immunostaining and western blotting were conducted to examine changes in p38 MAPK activity and the expression levels of apoptotic regulators (Bcl-2, Bax and cleaved caspase-3) in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex. Then, 30 day post-SAH, Nissl staining was performed to detect neuronal injury, brain MRI was conducted to detect gross changes in brain structure and metabolism, the open field test was used to assess anxiety and the novel object recognition test was performed to assess memory. H2 inhalation following experimental SAH stabilized brain metabolites, improved recognition memory and reduced anxiety-like behavior, the neuronal apoptosis rate, phosphorylated p38 MAPK expression, cleaved caspase-3 expression and the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio. Collectively, the present results suggested that H2 inhalation can alleviate SAH-induced cognitive impairment, behavioral abnormalities and neuronal apoptosis in rats, possibly via inhibition of the p38 MAPK signal pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Hua Song
- Department of Radioactive Intervention, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, Hebei 061000, P.R. China
| | - Hong-Yan Jia
- Department of Radioactive Intervention, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, Hebei 061000, P.R. China
| | - Tian-Peng Shao
- Department of Radioactive Intervention, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, Hebei 061000, P.R. China
| | - Zhi-Bao Liu
- Department of Radioactive Intervention, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, Hebei 061000, P.R. China
| | - Yuan-Ping Zhao
- Department of Radioactive Intervention, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, Hebei 061000, P.R. China
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12
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Adeluola A, Zulfiker AHM, Brazeau D, Amin ARMR. Perspectives for synthetic curcumins in chemoprevention and treatment of cancer: An update with promising analogues. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 906:174266. [PMID: 34146588 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 06/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Curcumin, a pure compound extracted from the flowering plant, turmeric (Curcuma longa. Zingiberaceae), is a common dietary ingredient found in curry powder. It has been studied extensively for its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antimicrobial and anti-tumour activities. Evidence is accumulating demonstrating its potential in chemoprevention and as an anti-tumour agent for the treatment of cancer. Despite demonstrated safety and tolerability, the clinical application of curcumin is frustrated by its poor solubility, metabolic instability and low oral bioavailability. Consequently researchers have tried novel techniques of formulation and delivery as well as synthesis of analogues with enhanced properties to overcome these barriers. This review presents the synthetic analogues of curcumin that have proven their anticancer potential from different studies. It also highlights studies that combined these analogues with approved chemotherapies and delivered them via novel techniques. Currently, there are no reports of clinical studies on any of the synthetic congeners of curcumin and this presents an opportunity for future research. This review presents the synthetic analogues of curcumin and makes a compelling argument for their potential application in the management of cancerous disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adeoluwa Adeluola
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, School of Pharmacy, Marshall University, Huntington, WV, 25701, USA.
| | - Abu Hasanat Md Zulfiker
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, School of Pharmacy, Marshall University, Huntington, WV, 25701, USA
| | - Daniel Brazeau
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Administration and Research, School of Pharmacy, Marshall University, Huntington, WV, 25701, USA
| | - A R M Ruhul Amin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, School of Pharmacy, Marshall University, Huntington, WV, 25701, USA.
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13
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Lu PW, Lin RC, Yang JS, Lu EW, Hsieh YH, Tsai MY, Lu KH, Yang SF. GO-Y078, a Curcumin Analog, Induces Both Apoptotic Pathways in Human Osteosarcoma Cells via Activation of JNK and p38 Signaling. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:497. [PMID: 34073773 DOI: 10.3390/ph14060497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma is the most common primary bone malignancy in teenagers and continues to confer a generally poor prognosis due to its highly metastatic potential. Poor solubility in water and instability of curcumin limits its bioavailability for use in the adjuvant situation to improve the prognosis and the long-term survival of patients with osteosarcoma. To further obtain information regarding the apoptosis induced by a new curcumin analog, GO-Y078, in human osteosarcoma cells, flow cytometric analysis, annexin V-FITC/PI apoptosis staining assay, human apoptosis array, and Western blotting were employed. GO-Y078 dose-dependently decreased viabilities of human osteosarcoma U2OS, MG-63, 143B, and Saos-2 cells and induced sub-G1 fraction arrest and apoptosis in U2OS and 143B cells. In addition to the effector caspase 3 and poly adenosine diphosphate-ribose polymerase, GO-Y078 significantly activated both initiators of extrinsic caspase 8 and intrinsic caspase 9, whereas cellular inhibitors of apoptosis 1 (cIAP-1) and X-chromosome-linked IAP (XIAP) in U2OS and 143B cells were significantly repressed. Moreover, GO-Y078 increased phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated protein kinases (ERK)1/2, c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNK)1/2, and p38 in U2OS and 143B cells. Using inhibitors of JNK (JNK-in-8) and p38 (SB203580), GO-Y078′s increases in cleaved caspases 8, 9, and 3 could be expectedly suppressed, but they could not be affected by co-treatment with the ERK inhibitor (U0126). Altogether, GO-Y078 simultaneously induces both apoptotic pathways and cell arrest in U2OS and 143B cells through activating JNK and p38 signaling and repressing IAPs. These findings contribute to a better understanding of the mechanisms responsible for GO-Y078′s apoptotic effects on human osteosarcoma cells.
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14
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Fu DJ, Cui XX, Zhu T, Zhang YB, Hu YY, Zhang LR, Wang SH, Zhang SY. Discovery of novel indole derivatives that inhibit NEDDylation and MAPK pathways against gastric cancer MGC803 cells. Bioorg Chem 2021; 107:104634. [PMID: 33476867 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.104634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 01/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
A series of novel indole derivatives were synthesized and evaluated for their antiproliferative activity against three selected cancer cell lines (MGC803, EC-109 and PC-3). Among these analogues, 2-(5-methoxy-1H-indol-1-yl)-N-(4-methoxybenzyl)-N-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)acetamide (V7) showed the best inhibitory activity against MGC803 cells with an IC50 value of 1.59 μM. Cellular mechanisms elucidated that V7 inhibited colony formation, induced apoptosis and arrested cell cycle at G2/M phase. Importantly, indole analogue V7 inhibited NEDDylation pathway and MAPK pathway against MGC803 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Jun Fu
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Xin-Xin Cui
- School of Basic Medical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Ting Zhu
- School of Basic Medical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Yan-Bing Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Yang-Yang Hu
- Faculty of Science, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Li-Rong Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; The Academy of Medical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; Henan Institute of Advanced Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Sheng-Hui Wang
- School of Basic Medical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; The Academy of Medical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; Henan Institute of Advanced Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Sai-Yang Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; The Academy of Medical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; Henan Institute of Advanced Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, China.
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15
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Mutneja E, Verma VK, Malik S, Sahu AK, Ray R, Bhatia J, Arya DS. Erdosteine salvages cardiac necrosis: Novel effect through modulation of MAPK and Nrf-2/HO-1 pathway. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2020; 34:e22590. [PMID: 33210414 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.22590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Isoproterenol (ISO) induced oxidative stress and inflammation is involved in the pathogenesis of myocardial necrosis. To optimize the effect of erdosteine against myocardial necrosis, male albino Wistar rats were divided into eight groups (n = 6), that is, normal, ISO-control, erdosteine pretreatment with ISO. Rats were administered erdosteine orally for 28 days. Two doses of ISO (85 mg/kg), s.c. were given to ISO-C and erdosteine treatment groups on the 27th and 28th day. On the 29th day, hemodynamic parameters were recorded and the heart was excised for further parameters. In ISO-C rats, significantly increased levels of inflammatory markers, pro-oxidants, and structural damage were observed as compared with normal group. Furthermore, immunohistochemistry and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling revealed an increased expression of apoptotic proteins. Erdosteine at 80 mg/kg reversed the deleterious effects of ISO and normalized myocardium. Erdosteine showed anti-inflammatory, antiapoptotic, and antioxidant activities through inhibition of MAPK and Nrf-2/HO-1 pathways. To conclude, erdosteine was found protective in ISO-induced myocardial necrosis through MAPK and Nrf-2/HO-1 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekta Mutneja
- Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Vipin K Verma
- Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Salma Malik
- Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Anil K Sahu
- Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Ruma Ray
- Cardiac Pathology Laboratory, Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Jagriti Bhatia
- Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Dharamvir S Arya
- Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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