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Egbujor MC, Tucci P, Buttari B, Nwobodo DC, Marini P, Saso L. Phenothiazines: Nrf2 activation and antioxidant effects. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2024; 38:e23661. [PMID: 38369721 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.23661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Phenothiazines (PTZs) are an emerging group of molecules showing effectiveness toward redox signaling and reduction of oxidative injury to cells, via the activation on Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1/nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2). Although several electrophilic and indirect Nrf2 activators have been reported, the risk of "off-target" effect due to the complexity of their molecular mechanisms of action, has aroused research interest toward non-electrophilic and direct modulators of Nrf2 pathway, such as PTZs. This review represents the first overview on the roles of PTZs as non-electrophilic Nrf2 activator and free radical scavengers, as well as on their potential therapeutic effects in oxidative stress-mediated diseases. Here, we provide a collective and comprehensive information on the PTZs ability to scavenge free radicals and activate the Nrf2 signaling pathway, with the aim to broaden the knowledge of their therapeutic potentials and to stimulate innovative research ideas.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paolo Tucci
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Brigitta Buttari
- Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-metabolic Diseases, and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - David C Nwobodo
- Department of Microbiology, Renaissance University Ugbawka, Ugbawka, Nigeria
| | - Pietro Marini
- Institute of Education in Healthcare and Medical Sciences, Foresterhill Campus, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Luciano Saso
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology Vittorio Erspamer, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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Joseph TT, Schuch V, Hossack DJ, Chakraborty R, Johnson EL. Melatonin: the placental antioxidant and anti-inflammatory. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1339304. [PMID: 38361952 PMCID: PMC10867115 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1339304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Melatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine) is an indolamine hormone with many physiological and biological roles. Melatonin is an antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, free radical scavenger, circadian rhythm regulator, and sleep hormone. However, its most popular role is the ability to regulate sleep through the circadian rhythm. Interestingly, recent studies have shown that melatonin is an important and essential hormone during pregnancy, specifically in the placenta. This is primarily due to the placenta's ability to synthesize its own melatonin rather than depending on the pineal gland. During pregnancy, melatonin acts as an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory, which is necessary to ensure a stable environment for both the mother and the fetus. It is an essential antioxidant in the placenta because it reduces oxidative stress by constantly scavenging for free radicals, i.e., maintain the placenta's integrity. In a healthy pregnancy, the maternal immune system is constantly altered to accommodate the needs of the growing fetus, and melatonin acts as a key anti-inflammatory by regulating immune homeostasis during early and late gestation. This literature review aims to identify and summarize melatonin's role as a powerful antioxidant and anti-inflammatory that reduces oxidative stress and inflammation to maintain a favorable homeostatic environment in the placenta throughout gestation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyana T. Joseph
- Microbiology, Biochemistry and Immunology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Viviane Schuch
- Microbiology, Biochemistry and Immunology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Daniel J. Hossack
- Microbiology, Biochemistry and Immunology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Rana Chakraborty
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Erica L. Johnson
- Microbiology, Biochemistry and Immunology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
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Fahl WE, Nkana ZH, Gitter MM, Zeng W, Dingle AM. Significantly Improved Cold Preservation of Rat Hind Limb Vascularized Composite Allografts Using the New PrC-210 Free Radical Scavenger. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1609. [PMID: 38338887 PMCID: PMC10855741 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Vascularized composite allotransplantation (VCA) represents a promising reconstructive solution primarily conducted to improve quality of life. However, tissue damage caused by cold-ischemia (CI) storage prior to transplant represents a major factor limiting widespread application. This study investigates the addition of the novel free radical scavenger PrC-210 to UW Organ Preservation Solution (UW Solution) to suppress CI-induced skeletal muscle injury in a rat hind limb amputation model. Lewis rats received systemic perfusion of UW solution +/- PrC-210 (0 mM control, 10 mM, 20 mM, 30 mM, or 40 mM), followed by bilateral transfemoral amputation. Limbs were stored in 40 mL of the same perfusate at 4 °C for 48 h. Muscle punch biopsies were taken at set times over the 48 h cold-storage period and analyzed for caspase-3,7 activity, cytochrome C levels, and qualitative histology. A single 15 s perfusion of PrC-210-containing UW Solution conferred a dose-dependent reduction in CI-induced muscle cell death over 48 h. In the presence of PrC-210, muscle cell mitochondrial cytochrome C release was equivalent to 0 h controls, with profound reductions in the caspase-3,7 apoptotic marker that correlated with limb histology. PrC-210 conferred complete prevention of ROS-induced mitochondrial lysis in vitro, as measured by cytochrome C release. We conclude that the addition of 30 mM PrC210 to UW Solution conferred the most consistent reduction in CI limb damage, and it warrants further investigation for clinical application in the VCA setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- William E. Fahl
- Wisconsin Institute of Medical Research, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 111 Highland Ave., Madison, WI 53705, USA;
| | - Zeeda H. Nkana
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 600 Highland Ave., Madison, WI 53705, USA; (Z.H.N.); (W.Z.); (A.M.D.)
| | - Maya M. Gitter
- Wisconsin Institute of Medical Research, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 111 Highland Ave., Madison, WI 53705, USA;
| | - Weifeng Zeng
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 600 Highland Ave., Madison, WI 53705, USA; (Z.H.N.); (W.Z.); (A.M.D.)
| | - Aaron M. Dingle
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 600 Highland Ave., Madison, WI 53705, USA; (Z.H.N.); (W.Z.); (A.M.D.)
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Zhang T, He R, Ding X, Zhao M, Wang C, Zhu S, Liao Y, Wang D, Wang H, Guo J, Liu Y, Zhou Z, Gu Z, Hu H. Fullerenols Mitigate Radiation-Induced Myocardial Injury. Adv Healthc Mater 2023; 12:e2300819. [PMID: 37698231 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202300819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
Radiation-induced heart disease is a serious side effect of radiation therapy that can lead to severe consequences. However, effective and safe methods for their prevention and treatment are presently lacking. This study reports the crucial function of fullerenols in protecting cardiomyocytes from radiation injury. First, fullerenols are synthesized using a simple base-catalyzed method. Next, the as-prepared fullerenols are applied as an effective free radical scavenger and broad-spectrum antioxidant to protect against X-ray-induced cardiomyocyte injury. Their ability to reduce apoptosis via the mitochondrial signaling pathway at the cellular level is then verified. Finally, it is observed in animal models that fullerenols accumulate in the heart and alleviate myocardial damage induced by X-rays. This study represents a timely and essential analysis of the prevention and treatment of radiological myocardial injury, providing new insights into the applications of fullerenols for therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingjun Zhang
- Academician Workstation, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College Nanchong, Nanchong, 637000, P. R. China
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, 637000, P. R. China
| | - Rendong He
- Academician Workstation, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College Nanchong, Nanchong, 637000, P. R. China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, 637000, P. R. China
| | - Xuefeng Ding
- Academician Workstation, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College Nanchong, Nanchong, 637000, P. R. China
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, 637000, P. R. China
| | - Maoru Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, College of Materials Science and Optoelectronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Chengyan Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Shuang Zhu
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, College of Materials Science and Optoelectronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - You Liao
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, College of Materials Science and Optoelectronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Dongmei Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, College of Materials Science and Optoelectronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Hao Wang
- Academician Workstation, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College Nanchong, Nanchong, 637000, P. R. China
| | - Junsong Guo
- Academician Workstation, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College Nanchong, Nanchong, 637000, P. R. China
| | - Yaping Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Zhonghui Zhou
- Academician Workstation, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College Nanchong, Nanchong, 637000, P. R. China
| | - Zhanjun Gu
- Academician Workstation, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College Nanchong, Nanchong, 637000, P. R. China
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, College of Materials Science and Optoelectronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Houxiang Hu
- Academician Workstation, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College Nanchong, Nanchong, 637000, P. R. China
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Xiong YW, Tan LL, Zhang J, Zhu HL, Zheng XM, Chang W, Gao L, Wei T, Xu DX, Wang H. Combination of high-fat diet and cadmium impairs testicular spermatogenesis in an m6A-YTHDF2-dependent manner. Environ Pollut 2022; 313:120112. [PMID: 36084736 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Environmental cadmium (Cd) or high-fat diet (HFD) exposure alone are risk factors of male infertility. However, the effect and mechanism of co-exposure to HFD and Cd on sperm quality remain unclear. This study was aimed to explore the combined effects of HFD and Cd on spermatogenesis as well as its m6A-dependent mechanism in vivo and in vitro. As a result, co-exposure of HFD and Cd resulted in a significant decrease in the number of mature testicular seminiferous tubules and epididymis sperm quantity in mice, compared with Cd or HFD exposure alone. Correspondingly, the mRNAs expression of Smc3(spermatocytes marker), Acrv1(round spermatids marker) and Lzumo3(elongated spermatids marker) were downregulated in HFD and Cd group. Furthermore, combined exposure downregulated the expression of meiosis-related proteins (STRA8 and SYCP3), increased the m6A level of Stra8, and upregulated the expression of m6A-related proteins (METTL3 and YTHDF2) in mouse spermatocytes. Mechanistically, the above-mentioned impacts caused by co-exposure were markedly restored by Mettl3 siR and Ythdf2 siR. In addition, RNA stability assay showed that Ythdf2 siR obviously reversed co-exposure-increased Stra8 mRNA degradation rate in actinomycin-D-treated mouse spermatocytes. Meanwhile, excess ROS was observed in combined-exposure group, and a free radical scavenger N-tert-Butyl-α-phenylnitrone (PBN) attenuated co-exposure-upregulated expression of METTL3 and YTHDF2 in mouse spermatocytes. These results suggested that combination of HFD and Cd impaired spermatogenesis by degrading Stra8 in an m6A-YTHDF2-dependent manner via ROS activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Wei Xiong
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, China
| | - Lu-Lu Tan
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, China
| | - Jin Zhang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, China
| | - Hua-Long Zhu
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, China
| | - Xin-Mei Zheng
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, China
| | - Wei Chang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, China
| | - Lan Gao
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, China
| | - Tian Wei
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, China
| | - De-Xiang Xu
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, China; Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, China
| | - Hua Wang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, China; Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, China.
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Das P, Ashraf GJ, Baishya T, Dua TK, Paul P, Nandi G, Sahu R. High-performance thin-layer chromatography coupled attenuated total reflectance-Fourier-transform infrared and NMR spectroscopy-based identification of α-amylase inhibitor from the aerial part of Asparagus racemosus Willd. Phytochem Anal 2022; 33:1018-1027. [PMID: 35730071 DOI: 10.1002/pca.3155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION α-Amylase inhibitors from natural sources are of interest for new drug development for the treatment of diabetes mellitus (DM). High-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) coupled bioassay guided isolation of bioactive compounds has been improved within last few years. OBJECTIVE A microchemical derivatised HPTLC-coupled attenuated total reflectance-Fourier-transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy was employed for profiling α-amylase inhibitor from the aerial part of Asparagus racemosus Willd. METHODOLOGY Asparagus racemosus Willd. aerial part extracted with different solvents (n-hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and methanol) and assayed to detect free radical scavengers and α-amylase inhibitor by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay and starch-iodine assay method, respectively. HPTLC-coupled ATR-FTIR and NMR spectroscopy was used to identify the α-amylase inhibitor. RESULTS Methanolic extract of A. racemosus showed highest antioxidant activity (21.99 μg GAE/μL) where n-hexane extract showed lowest antioxidant activity (5.87 μg GAE/μL). The α-amylase inhibition was recorded as highest and lowest in ethyl acetate extract (13.13 AE/μL) and n-hexane extract (3.92 AE/μL), respectively. The deep blue zone of α-amylase sprayed TLC plate of extracts with hRF = 72 analysed for ATR-FTIR and NMR spectroscopy which revealed the presence of stigmasterol is responsible for α-amylase inhibition. CONCLUSION The present work establishes the α-amylase inhibiting properties of A. racemosus maintaining its use for the treatment of DM as a traditional medicine. Bioassay guided isolation through HPTLC-coupled ATR-FTIR and NMR spectroscopy offers an effective method for the exploration of bioactive compounds such as α-amylase inhibitor from complex plant extracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Das
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of North Bengal, Darjeeling, India
| | - Gouhar Jahan Ashraf
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of North Bengal, Darjeeling, India
| | - Tania Baishya
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of North Bengal, Darjeeling, India
- Department of Tea Science, University of North Bengal, Darjeeling, India
| | - Tarun Kumar Dua
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of North Bengal, Darjeeling, India
| | - Paramita Paul
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of North Bengal, Darjeeling, India
| | - Gouranga Nandi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of North Bengal, Darjeeling, India
| | - Ranabir Sahu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of North Bengal, Darjeeling, India
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Chen B, Zhang W, Lin C, Zhang L. A Comprehensive Review on Beneficial Effects of Catechins on Secondary Mitochondrial Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911569. [PMID: 36232871 PMCID: PMC9569714 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are the main sites for oxidative phosphorylation and synthesis of adenosine triphosphate in cells, and are known as cellular power factories. The phrase "secondary mitochondrial diseases" essentially refers to any abnormal mitochondrial function other than primary mitochondrial diseases, i.e., the process caused by the genes encoding the electron transport chain (ETC) proteins directly or impacting the production of the machinery needed for ETC. Mitochondrial diseases can cause adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synthesis disorder, an increase in oxygen free radicals, and intracellular redox imbalance. It can also induce apoptosis and, eventually, multi-system damage, which leads to neurodegenerative disease. The catechin compounds rich in tea have attracted much attention due to their effective antioxidant activity. Catechins, especially acetylated catechins such as epicatechin gallate (ECG) and epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), are able to protect mitochondria from reactive oxygen species. This review focuses on the role of catechins in regulating cell homeostasis, in which catechins act as a free radical scavenger and metal ion chelator, their protective mechanism on mitochondria, and the protective effect of catechins on mitochondrial deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). This review highlights catechins and their effects on mitochondrial functional metabolic networks: regulating mitochondrial function and biogenesis, improving insulin resistance, regulating intracellular calcium homeostasis, and regulating epigenetic processes. Finally, the indirect beneficial effects of catechins on mitochondrial diseases are also illustrated by the warburg and the apoptosis effect. Some possible mechanisms are shown graphically. In addition, the bioavailability of catechins and peracetylated-catechins, free radical scavenging activity, mitochondrial activation ability of the high-molecular-weight polyphenol, and the mitochondrial activation factor were also discussed.
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Ngo TC, Truong DH, Nguyen TTN, Quang DT, Dao DQ. On the free radical scavenging and metallic ion chelating activities of pyridoxal - Could the pro-oxidant risk be competitive? Phytochemistry 2022; 199:113176. [PMID: 35390394 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2022.113176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Primary and secondary antioxidant activities of pyridoxal have been investigated by using density functional theory (DFT) at the M05-2X level combined with 6-311++G(d,p) basis set for non-metallic atoms and LanL2DZ for metallic ions. The former has been examined by its free radical scavenging activity towards HOO●, HO●, and NO2●via different mechanisms including formal hydrogen transfer (FHT), proton transfer (PT), single electron transfer (SET), and radical adduct formation (RAF). The latter has been accomplished through its transition metal-chelating ability with Fe(III)/Fe(II) and Cu(II)/Cu(I) ions. The results show that pyridoxal illustrates as an efficient radical scavenger, especially, for HO● and NO2● in water. The overall rate constants (koverall) for the reactions with HOO●, HO●, and NO2● radicals are 1.30 × 104, 5.76 × 109, and 1.43 × 109 M-1s-1, respectively. The SET from the anionic state is the most dominant for the HOO● and NO2● scavenging reactions, while both RAF and SET contribute largely to the reaction with highly reactive HO● radicals. Moreover, the anionic form of pyridoxal demonstrates a better role as a metal chelator than the neutral. However, the pro-oxidant risks of the formed complexes could be observed if there are superoxide radical anion (O2●-) and ascorbate (Asc-) in aqueous media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thi Chinh Ngo
- Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, 550000, Viet Nam; Faculty of Natural Sciences, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, 550000, Viet Nam.
| | - Dinh Hieu Truong
- Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, 550000, Viet Nam; Faculty of Natural Sciences, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, 550000, Viet Nam
| | | | - Duong Tuan Quang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Education, Hue University, Hue, 530000, Viet Nam.
| | - Duy Quang Dao
- Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, 550000, Viet Nam; Faculty of Natural Sciences, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, 550000, Viet Nam
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Apea-Bah FB, Drawbridge P, Beta T. A Generalized Method for Determining Free Soluble Phenolic Acid Composition and Antioxidant Capacity of Cereals and Legumes. J Vis Exp 2022. [PMID: 35758680 DOI: 10.3791/62467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Phenolic acids are a class of organic compounds that bear both a phenolic group, and a carboxylic group. They are found in grains and concentrate in the bran of cereals or seed coat of legumes. They possess antioxidant properties that have generated much research interest in recent years, about their potential antioxidant protective health functions. This work presents a generalized method for the extraction of free soluble phenolic acids from whole grains and analysis of their antioxidant capacity. Five whole grain samples comprising two cereals (wheat and yellow corn) and three legumes (cowpea bean, kidney bean, and soybean), were used. The grains were milled into flour and their free soluble phenolic acids extracted using aqueous methanol. The compounds were then identified using a high-pressure liquid chromatograph (HPLC). The Folin-Ciocalteu method was used to determine their total phenolic content while their antioxidant capacities were determined using the DPPH radical scavenging capacity, Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) and oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) assays. The phenolic acids identified included vanillic, caffeic, p-coumaric and ferulic acids. Vanillic acid was identified only in cowpea while caffeic acid was identified only in kidney bean. p-Coumaric acid was identified in yellow corn, cowpea, and soybean, while ferulic acid was identified in all the samples. Ferulic acid was the predominant phenolic acid identified. The total concentration of phenolic acids in the samples decreased in the following order: soybean > cowpea bean > yellow corn = kidney bean > wheat. The total antioxidant capacity (sum of values of DPPH, TEAC and ORAC assays) decreased as follows: soybean > kidney bean > yellow corn = cowpea bean > wheat. This study concluded that HPLC analysis as well as DPPH, TEAC, and ORAC assays provide useful information about the phenolic acid composition and antioxidant properties of whole grains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franklin Brian Apea-Bah
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba; Richardson Centre for Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals, University of Manitoba
| | - Pamela Drawbridge
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba; Richardson Centre for Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals, University of Manitoba
| | - Trust Beta
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba; Richardson Centre for Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals, University of Manitoba;
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Abed Al-Kareem Z, Aziz ND, Ali Zghair M. Hepatoprotective Effect of Coenzyme Q10 in Rats with Diclofenac Toxicity. Arch Razi Inst 2022; 77:599-605. [PMID: 36284948 PMCID: PMC9548278 DOI: 10.22092/ari.2022.357210.1998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The liver and kidney are the most important organs in the body, and they both act as target structures for drug-induced injury as a consequence of their functions in metabolisms, detoxifications, storage, elimination of medications, and their metabolites. The present study aimed to examine the role of the natural and free radical scavenger "CoQ10" against diclofenac-induced hepatic and renal tissue injury. In total, 36 adult Wistar rats were randomly divided into three equal groups (n=12). The animals in the control group did not receive any medication or treatments, and the second group included animals that received intramuscular (IM) injection of Diclofenac (DF) (at a dose of 10 mg/kg once daily for 14 days). Moreover, the third group was given the IM injection of DF (at a dose of 10 mg/kg once daily for 14 days) +CoQ10. After 14 days, DF prompted signified hepatic and renal injury indicated by elevated biochemical parameters, such as total serum bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, and uric acid, compared to the control and the third group. However, the group that received Diclofenac+CoQ10 had significantly lower hepatic and renal dysfunctions, compared to the second treated group. DF toxic effects could be the consequences of mitochondrial dysfunction and free radical effects. Remarkably, therapeutic supplementation of CoQ10 diminished the DF-induced toxic oxidative injury and apoptotic cell death. The protective effects of CoQ10 were attributed to its antioxidants and free radical scavenger activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Abed Al-Kareem
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Kerbala, Kerbala, Iraq
| | - N D Aziz
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, University of Kerbala, Kerbala, Iraq
| | - M Ali Zghair
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Kerbala, Kerbala, Iraq
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11
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Fatima K, Khalid S, Qadeer K, Yasin H, Arsalan A, Abrar H, Zahid S, Hussain RA, Islam M, Ali MS. Urease inhibition and DPPH radical scavenging potential of phytoconstituent from Alstonia scholaris and molecular docking interactions of bioactive luteolin with target proteins. Pak J Pharm Sci 2022; 35:219-225. [PMID: 35228180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
A polyphenolic flavone Luteolin (3',4',5,7-tetrahydroxyflavone) is found in various plants and is traditionally used in Chinese medicine. It is obtained from Alstonia scholaris (L.) R.Br Flower belonging to the family Apocynaceae while investigation. Various studies have been demonstrated the antioxidant or antiulcer potential of luteolin from different plant sources. In the present investigation the antioxidant or antiulcer effect of the Luteolin has been carried out using molecular docking simulations. The objective of this study was to analyze the antioxidant and antiulcer potential of luteolin obtained during isolation. The in vitro biological evaluation has been supported by the in silico studies using Autodock vina 4 shows the ligand-protein interaction of lute olin with 1HD2, 4GY7 and 3O1Q. Luteolin showed significant DPPH scavenging and urease inhibition activity i.e., 23.4 ± 0.87, 6.21±0.45 IC50 (uM) respectively as compared to the standard BHA and thiourea 44.2±0.45, 22.4±0.29 IC50 (uM) respectively. The docking simulations showed significant binding pocket sites with the respective proteins1HD2, 4GY7 and 3O1Q with the least binding energy -6.8, -8.0 and -8.2 kcal/mol respectively. Thus, Strong evidence has been presented with their confirmation structural interaction via molecular docking with proteins that serve as binding sites for available Luteolin molecule. The findings justify the application of the compound as a novel antioxidant and antiulcer agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaneez Fatima
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Baqai Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Baqai Medical University, Karachi, Pakistan / Department of Pharmacognosy, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jinnah Sindh Medical University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Shaukat Khalid
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Baqai Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Baqai Medical University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Kiran Qadeer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jinnah Sindh Medical University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Hina Yasin
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Adeel Arsalan
- College of Pharmacy, Ziauddin University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Hina Abrar
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Saima Zahid
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Baqai Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Baqai Medical University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Rana Asif Hussain
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Baqai Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Baqai Medical University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Mobeen Islam
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Baqai Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Baqai Medical University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Shaiq Ali
- HEJ Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences (ICCBS), University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
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Płonka J, Szablińska-Piernik J, Buszewski B, Baranowska I, Lahuta LB. Analyses of Antioxidative Properties of Selected Cyclitols and Their Mixtures with Flavanones and Glutathione. Molecules 2021; 27:molecules27010158. [PMID: 35011390 PMCID: PMC8746988 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27010158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The conditions for determining the antioxidant properties of cyclitols (d-pinitol, l-quebrachitol, myo-, l-chiro-, and d-chiro-inositol), selected flavanones (hesperetin, naringenin, eriodictyol, and liquiritigenin) and glutathione by spectrophotometric methods—CUPRAC and with DPPH radical, and by a chromatographic method DPPH-UHPLC-UV, have been identified. Interactions of the tested compounds and their impact on the ox-red properties were investigated. The RSA (%) of the compounds tested was determined. Very low antioxidative properties of cyclitols, compared with flavanones and glutathione alone, were revealed. However, a significant increase in the determined antioxidative properties of glutathione by methyl-ether derivatives of cyclitols (d-pinitol and l-quebrachitol) was demonstrated for the first time. Thus, cyclitols seem to be a good candidate for creating drugs for the treatment of many diseases associated with reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Płonka
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Analytical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, B. Krzywoustego 6, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland; (J.P.); (I.B.)
| | - Joanna Szablińska-Piernik
- Department of Plant Physiology, Genetics and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 1A/103A, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland;
| | - Bogusław Buszewski
- Department of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Gagarina 7, 87-100 Toruń, Poland;
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Modern Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Wileńska 4, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
| | - Irena Baranowska
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Analytical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, B. Krzywoustego 6, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland; (J.P.); (I.B.)
| | - Lesław B. Lahuta
- Department of Plant Physiology, Genetics and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 1A/103A, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland;
- Correspondence:
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13
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Khan H, Khan T, Ahmad N, Zaman G, Khan T, Ahmad W, Batool S, Hussain Z, Drouet S, Hano C, Abbasi BH. Chemical Elicitors-Induced Variation in Cellular Biomass, Biosynthesis of Secondary Cell Products, and Antioxidant System in Callus Cultures of Fagonia indica. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26216340. [PMID: 34770749 PMCID: PMC8587688 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26216340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2021] [Revised: 10/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Fagonia indica is a rich source of pharmacologically active compounds. The variation in the metabolites of interest is one of the major issues in wild plants due to different environmental factors. The addition of chemical elicitors is one of the effective strategies to trigger the biosynthetic pathways for the release of a higher quantity of bioactive compounds. Therefore, this study was designed to investigate the effects of chemical elicitors, aluminum chloride (AlCl3) and cadmium chloride (CdCl2), on the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, biomass, and the antioxidant system in callus cultures of F. indica. Among various treatments applied, AlCl3 (0.1 mM concentration) improved the highest in biomass accumulation (fresh weight (FW): 404.72 g/L) as compared to the control (FW: 269.85 g/L). The exposure of cultures to AlCl3 (0.01 mM) enhanced the accumulation of secondary metabolites, and the total phenolic contents (TPCs: 7.74 mg/g DW) and total flavonoid contents (TFCs: 1.07 mg/g DW) were higher than those of cultures exposed to CdCl2 (0.01 mM) with content levels (TPC: 5.60 and TFC: 0.97 mg/g) as compared to the control (TPC: 4.16 and TFC: 0.42 mg/g DW). Likewise, AlCl3 and CdCl2 also promoted the free radical scavenging activity (FRSA; 89.4% and 90%, respectively) at a concentration of 0.01 mM, as compared to the control (65.48%). For instance, the quantification of metabolites via high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) revealed an optimum production of myricetin (1.20 mg/g), apigenin (0.83 mg/g), isorhamnetin (0.70 mg/g), and kaempferol (0.64 mg/g). Cultures grown in the presence of AlCl3 triggered higher quantities of secondary metabolites than those grown in the presence of CdCl2 (0.79, 0.74, 0.57, and 0.67 mg/g). Moreover, AlCl3 at 0.1 mM enhanced the biosynthesis of superoxide dismutase (SOD: 0.08 nM/min/mg-FW) and peroxidase enzymes (POD: 2.37 nM/min/mg-FW), while CdCl2 resulted in an SOD activity up to 0.06 nM/min/mg-FW and POD: 2.72 nM/min/mg-FW. From these results, it is clear that AlCl3 is a better elicitor in terms of a higher and uniform productivity of biomass, secondary cell products, and antioxidant enzymes compared to CdCl2 and the control. It is possible to scale the current strategy to a bioreactor for a higher productivity of metabolites of interest for various pharmaceutical industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Habiba Khan
- Department of Biotechnology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan; (H.K.); (T.K.); (G.Z.); (T.K.); (W.A.); (S.B.)
| | - Tariq Khan
- Department of Biotechnology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan; (H.K.); (T.K.); (G.Z.); (T.K.); (W.A.); (S.B.)
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Malakand, Malakand 23050, Pakistan
| | - Nisar Ahmad
- Center for Biotechnology and Microbiology (CB&M), University of Swat, Swat 19200, Pakistan; (N.A.); (Z.H.)
| | - Gouhar Zaman
- Department of Biotechnology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan; (H.K.); (T.K.); (G.Z.); (T.K.); (W.A.); (S.B.)
| | - Taimoor Khan
- Department of Biotechnology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan; (H.K.); (T.K.); (G.Z.); (T.K.); (W.A.); (S.B.)
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Nizwa 616, Oman
| | - Waqar Ahmad
- Department of Biotechnology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan; (H.K.); (T.K.); (G.Z.); (T.K.); (W.A.); (S.B.)
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Nizwa 616, Oman
| | - Sannia Batool
- Department of Biotechnology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan; (H.K.); (T.K.); (G.Z.); (T.K.); (W.A.); (S.B.)
| | - Zahid Hussain
- Center for Biotechnology and Microbiology (CB&M), University of Swat, Swat 19200, Pakistan; (N.A.); (Z.H.)
| | - Samantha Drouet
- Laboratoire de Biologie des Ligneux et des Grandes Cultures (LBLGC), INRA USC1328, Université d’Orléans, CEDEX 2, 45067 Orléans, France;
| | - Christophe Hano
- Laboratoire de Biologie des Ligneux et des Grandes Cultures (LBLGC), INRA USC1328, Université d’Orléans, CEDEX 2, 45067 Orléans, France;
- Correspondence: (C.H.); (B.H.A.); Tel./Fax: +33-2-37-30-97-53 (C.H.); +92-51-90644121 (B.H.A.)
| | - Bilal Haider Abbasi
- Department of Biotechnology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan; (H.K.); (T.K.); (G.Z.); (T.K.); (W.A.); (S.B.)
- Correspondence: (C.H.); (B.H.A.); Tel./Fax: +33-2-37-30-97-53 (C.H.); +92-51-90644121 (B.H.A.)
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Ashry M, Galal El-Sahra D, Gaber DA, A Mustafa M, Abdel-Wahhab KG. Nephroprotective Effect of Costus ( Saussurea costus) Ethanolic Extract on Oxaliplatin ®-induced Nephrotoxicity in Adult Male Wistar Rats. Pak J Biol Sci 2021; 24:830-839. [PMID: 34486350 DOI: 10.3923/pjbs.2021.830.839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
<b>Background and Objective:</b> Oxaliplatin<sup>®</sup> is an antineoplastic platinum-based compound; nephrotoxicity is one of its most serious side effects. This study aimed to explore the nephroprotective potential of Costus Ethanolic Extract (CEE) against Oxaliplatin<sup>®</sup>-induced nephrotoxicity. <b>Materials and Methods:</b> Adult male Wistar rats, weighting 140-160 g, were randomly divided into four groups: (1) Normal rats, (2) Rats ingested with CEE (67.08 mg kg<sup>1</sup> day<sup>1</sup>), (3) Rats injected (ip) with Oxaliplatin<sup>®</sup> (10 mg kg<sup>1</sup> week<sup>1</sup>) and (4) rats treated with CEE in combination Oxaliplatin<sup>®</sup> injection. <b>Results:</b> After six weeks of treatments, the results revealed that CEE ingestion along with Oxaliplatin<sup>®</sup> injection markedly minimized the Oxaliplatin<sup>®</sup>-induced renal deterioration; this was evidenced by the significant reduction in serum urea, creatinine, uric acid, Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha (TNF-α), Interleukin 1Beta (IL<sup>1</sup>β) and Sodium ion (Na<sup>+</sup>) levels as well as kidney Malondialdehyde (MDA), Nitric Oxide (NO) and DNA fragmentation values. Controversially, a marked rise in serum Calcium, Potassium Ion (K<sup>+</sup>) and Cluster of Differentiation 4 (CD4) levels besides renal Glutathione (GSH), Catalase (CAT) and Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) values. Similarly, the histopathological findings confirmed the biochemical ones as the CEE restored the Oxaliplatin<sup>®</sup>-induced histological degenerations. <b>Conclusion:</b> In conclusion, CEE exhibited nephron-protection efficiency against Oxaliplatin<sup>®</sup>-induced nephrotoxicity; this promising effect may be achieved through the antioxidant and radical scavenging activities of its constituents.
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15
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Boulebd H, Amine Khodja I. A detailed DFT-based study of the free radical scavenging activity and mechanism of daphnetin in physiological environments. Phytochemistry 2021; 189:112831. [PMID: 34146991 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2021.112831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Revised: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2021] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Daphnetin, a biologically active coumarin derivative found in plants of the genus Daphne, is a potent antioxidant phenolic compound. The present work describes the mechanisms and kinetics of the HO, NO, HOO, and NO2 scavenging activities of daphnetin in physiological environments using quantum chemistry calculations. The main antiradical mechanisms have been studied: formal hydrogen transfer (FHT), sequential electron transfer proton transfer (SETPT), sequential proton loss electron transfer (SPLET), and radical adduct formation (RAF). Besides its good HO scavenging activity in physiological environments, daphnetin is expected to exhibit good HOO and NO2 scavenging activities in water with koverall = 1.51 × 107 and 4.79 × 108 M-1s-1, respectively. The FHT mechanism decides the HO scavenging activity in aqueous solution, as well as HO, HOO, and NO2 scavenging activities in lipid media, while SPLET is the primary mechanism in water for HOO and NO2 scavenging activities. The theoretical predictions were found to be in good agreement with the available experimental data, which supports the reliability of the calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Houssem Boulebd
- Laboratory of Synthesis of Molecules with Biological Interest, University of Frères Mentouri Constantine 1, Constantine, Algeria.
| | - Imene Amine Khodja
- Laboratory of Synthesis of Molecules with Biological Interest, University of Frères Mentouri Constantine 1, Constantine, Algeria
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16
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Wierońska JM, Cieślik P, Kalinowski L. Nitric Oxide-Dependent Pathways as Critical Factors in the Consequences and Recovery after Brain Ischemic Hypoxia. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11081097. [PMID: 34439764 PMCID: PMC8392725 DOI: 10.3390/biom11081097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 07/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain ischemia is one of the leading causes of disability and mortality worldwide. Nitric oxide (NO•), a molecule that is involved in the regulation of proper blood flow, vasodilation, neuronal and glial activity constitutes the crucial factor that contributes to the development of pathological changes after stroke. One of the early consequences of a sudden interruption in the cerebral blood flow is the massive production of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS/RNS) in neurons due to NO• synthase uncoupling, which leads to neurotoxicity. Progression of apoptotic or necrotic neuronal damage activates reactive astrocytes and attracts microglia or lymphocytes to migrate to place of inflammation. Those inflammatory cells start to produce large amounts of inflammatory proteins, including pathological, inducible form of NOS (iNOS), which generates nitrosative stress that further contributes to brain tissue damage, forming vicious circle of detrimental processes in the late stage of ischemia. S-nitrosylation, hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) and HIF-1α-dependent genes activated in reactive astrocytes play essential roles in this process. The review summarizes the roles of NO•-dependent pathways in the early and late aftermath of stroke and treatments based on the stimulation or inhibition of particular NO• synthases and the stabilization of HIF-1α activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna M Wierońska
- Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smętna Street 12, 31-343 Kraków, Poland; (J.M.W.); (P.C.)
| | - Paulina Cieślik
- Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smętna Street 12, 31-343 Kraków, Poland; (J.M.W.); (P.C.)
| | - Leszek Kalinowski
- Department of Medical Laboratory Diagnostics—Biobank Fahrenheit BBMRI.pl, Medical University of Gdansk, Debinki Street 7, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland
- Biobanking and Biomolecular Resources Research Infrastructure Poland (BBMRI.PL), Debinki Street 7, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland
- BioTechMed Center/Department of Mechanics of Materials and Structures, Gdansk University of Technology, Narutowicza 11/12, 80-223 Gdansk, Poland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-58-349-1182
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Saleh SR, Masry AM, Ghareeb DA, Newairy ASA, Sheta E, Maher AM. Trichoderma reesei fungal degradation boosted the potentiality of date pit extract in fighting scopolamine-induced neurotoxicity in male rats. Sci Rep 2021; 11:14872. [PMID: 34290261 PMCID: PMC8295356 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-94058-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Date pits are nutritious by-products, containing high levels of indigestible carbohydrates and polyphenols. To maximize the biological effects of the active ingredients, the hard shell of the polysaccharide must be degraded. Therefore, the current study aimed to assess the protective potentials of date pits extract (DP) and fungal degraded date pits extract (FDDP) against scopolamine (SCO)-induced neurodegeneration in male rats. Date pits were subjected to fungal degradation and extraction, followed by the measurement of phytochemicals and free radical scavenging activities. Forty-two adult Sprague-Dawley male rats were divided into seven groups: three control groups administered with either saline, DP or FDDP; four groups with neurodegeneration receiving SCO (ip 2 mg/kg/day, SCO group) with no treatment, SCO with DP (oral 100 mg/kg/day, DP + SCO group), SCO with FDDP (oral, 100 mg/kg/day, FDDP + SCO group), and SCO with donepezil (DON, oral, 2.25 mg/kg/day, DON + SCO group). The treatment duration was 28 days, and in the last 14 days, SCO was administered daily. Morris water maze test, acetylcholine esterase activity, oxidative stress, markers of inflammation and amyloidogenesis, and brain histopathology were assessed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samar R Saleh
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21511, Egypt.
- Bioscreening and Preclinical Trial Lab, Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.
- Pharmaceutical and Fermentation Industries Development Centre, The City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications, Alexandria, Egypt.
| | - Asmaa M Masry
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21511, Egypt
| | - Doaa A Ghareeb
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21511, Egypt
- Bioscreening and Preclinical Trial Lab, Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
- Pharmaceutical and Fermentation Industries Development Centre, The City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Al-Sayeda A Newairy
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21511, Egypt
| | - Eman Sheta
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Adham M Maher
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21511, Egypt
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18
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Jamali T, Kavoosi G, Jamali Y, Mortezazadeh S, Ardestani SK. In-vitro, in-vivo, and in-silico assessment of radical scavenging and cytotoxic activities of Oliveria decumbens essential oil and its main components. Sci Rep 2021; 11:14281. [PMID: 34253776 PMCID: PMC8275595 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-93535-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
We aimed to explore and compare new insights on the pharmacological potential of Oliveria decumbence essential oil (OEO) and its main components highlighting their antioxidant activity in-vitro, in-vivo, and in-silico and also cytotoxic effects of OEO against A549 lung cancer cells. At first, based on GC-MS analysis, thymol, carvacrol, p-cymene, and γ-terpinene were introduced as basic ingredients of OEO and their in-vitro antioxidant capacity was considered by standard methods. Collectively, OEO exhibited strong antioxidant properties even more than its components. In LPS-stimulated macrophages treated with OEO, the reduction of ROS (Reactive-oxygen-species) and NO (nitric-oxide) and down-regulation of iNOS (inducible nitric-oxide-synthase) and NOX (NADPH-oxidase) mRNA expression was observed and compared with that of OEO components. According to the results, OEO, thymol, and carvacrol exhibited the highest radical scavenging potency compared to p-cymene, and γ-terpinene. In-silico Molecular-Docking and Molecular-Dynamics simulation indicated that thymol and carvacrol but no p-cymene and γ-terpinene may establish coordinative bonds in iNOS active site and thereby inhibit iNOS. However, they did not show any evidence for NOX inhibition. In the following, MTT assay showed that OEO induces cytotoxicity in A549 cancer cells despite having a limited effect on L929 normal cells. Apoptotic death and its dependence on caspase-3 activity and Bax/Bcl2 ratio in OEO-treated cells were established by fluorescence microscopy, flow cytometry, colorimetric assay, and western blot analysis. Additionally, flow cytometry studies demonstrated increased levels of ROS in OEO-treated cells. Therefore, OEO, despite showing antioxidant properties, induces apoptosis in cancer cells by increasing ROS levels. Collectively, our results provided new insight into the usage of OEO and main components, thymol, and carvacrol, into the development of novel antioxidant and anti-cancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahereh Jamali
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
- Immunoregulation Research Center, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Yousef Jamali
- Biomathematics Laboratory, Department of Applied Mathematics, School of Mathematical Science, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Susan K Ardestani
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
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Liu P, Zhang X, Zhang F, Xu M, Ye Z, Wang K, Liu S, Han X, Cheng Y, Zhong K, Zhang T, Li L, Ma Y, Chen M, Chen J, Yang J. A virus-derived siRNA activates plant immunity by interfering with ROS scavenging. Mol Plant 2021; 14:1088-1103. [PMID: 33798746 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2021.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 01/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Virus-derived small interference RNAs (vsiRNAs) not only suppress virus infection in plants via induction of RNA silencing but also enhance virus infection by regulating host defensive gene expression. However, the underlying mechanisms that control vsiRNA-mediated host immunity or susceptibility remain largely unknown. In this study, we generated several transgenic wheat lines using four artificial microRNA expression vectors carrying vsiRNAs from Wheat yellow mosaic virus (WYMV) RNA1. Laboratory and field tests showed that two transgenic wheat lines expressing amiRNA1 were highly resistant to WYMV infection. Further analyses showed that vsiRNA1 could modulate the expression of a wheat thioredoxin-like gene (TaAAED1), which encodes a negative regulator of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in the chloroplast. The function of TaAAED1 in ROS scavenging could be suppressed by vsiRNA1 in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, transgenic expression of amiRNA1 in wheat resulted in broad-spectrum disease resistance to Chinese wheat mosaic virus, Barley stripe mosaic virus, and Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici infection, suggesting that vsiRNA1 is involved in wheat immunity via ROS signaling. Collectively, these findings reveal a previously unidentified mechanism underlying the arms race between viruses and plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agroproducts, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA of China and Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Xiaoxiang Zhang
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences in Lixiahe District of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225007, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agroproducts, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA of China and Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Miaoze Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agroproducts, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA of China and Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Zhuangxin Ye
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agroproducts, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA of China and Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Ke Wang
- National Key Facility for Crop Genetic Resources and Genetic Improvement, Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shuang Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agroproducts, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA of China and Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Xiaolei Han
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agroproducts, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA of China and Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Ye Cheng
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agroproducts, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA of China and Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Kaili Zhong
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agroproducts, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA of China and Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Tianye Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agroproducts, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA of China and Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Linzhi Li
- Yantai Academy of Agricultural Science, Shandong Province, No. 26 Gangcheng West Street, Fushan District, Yantai City, Shandong 265500, P.R. China
| | - Youzhi Ma
- National Key Facility for Crop Genetic Resources and Genetic Improvement, Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ming Chen
- National Key Facility for Crop Genetic Resources and Genetic Improvement, Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Jianping Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agroproducts, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA of China and Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China.
| | - Jian Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agroproducts, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA of China and Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China.
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20
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Zedan AMG, Sakran MI, Bahattab O, Hawsawi YM, Al-Amer O, Oyouni AAA, Nasr Eldeen SK, El-Magd MA. Oriental Hornet ( Vespa orientalis) Larval Extracts Induce Antiproliferative, Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammatory, and Anti-Migratory Effects on MCF7 Cells. Molecules 2021; 26:3303. [PMID: 34072744 PMCID: PMC8198668 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26113303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of insects as a feasible and useful natural product resource is a novel and promising option in alternative medicine. Several components from insects and their larvae have been found to inhibit molecular pathways in different stages of cancer. This study aimed to analyze the effect of aqueous and alcoholic extracts of Vespa orientalis larvae on breast cancer MCF7 cells and investigate the underlying mechanisms. Our results showed that individual treatment with 5% aqueous or alcoholic larval extract inhibited MCF7 proliferation but had no cytotoxic effect on normal Vero cells. The anticancer effect was mediated through (1) induction of apoptosis, as indicated by increased expression of apoptotic genes (Bax, caspase3, and p53) and decreased expression of the anti-apoptotic gene Bcl2; (2) suppression of intracellular reactive oxygen species; (3) elevation of antioxidant enzymes (CAT, SOD, and GPx) and upregulation of the antioxidant regulator Nrf2 and its downstream target HO-1; (4) inhibition of migration as revealed by in vitro wound healing assay and downregulation of the migration-related gene MMP9 and upregulation of the anti-migratory gene TIMP1; and (5) downregulation of inflammation-related genes (NFκB and IL8). The aqueous extract exhibited the best anticancer effect with higher antioxidant activities but lower anti-inflammatory properties than the alcoholic extract. HPLC analysis revealed the presence of several flavonoids and phenolic compounds with highest concentrations for resveratrol and naringenin in aqueous extract and rosmarinic acid in alcoholic extract. This is the first report to explain the intracellular pathway by which flavonoids and phenolic compounds-rich extracts of Vespa orientalis larvae could induce MCF7 cell viability loss through the initiation of apoptosis, activation of antioxidants, and inhibition of migration and inflammation. Therefore, these extracts could be used as adjuvants for anticancer drugs and as antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amina M. G. Zedan
- Biological and Environmental Sciences Department, Home Economic Faculty, Al Azhar University, Tanta 31732, Egypt;
| | - Mohamed I. Sakran
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 47512, Saudi Arabia;
- Biochemistry Division, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta 31512, Egypt
| | - Omar Bahattab
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 47512, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Yousef M. Hawsawi
- Research Center, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, MBC J04, Jeddah 21499, Saudi Arabia;
- College of Medicine, Al-Faisal University, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia
| | - Osama Al-Amer
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 47512, Saudi Arabia;
- Genome and Biotechnology Unit, Faculty of Sciences, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 47512, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Atif A. A. Oyouni
- Genome and Biotechnology Unit, Faculty of Sciences, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 47512, Saudi Arabia;
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 47512, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Mohammed A. El-Magd
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh 33516, Egypt
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21
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Yang EJ, Kim H, Kim HS, Chang MJ. Phloroglucinol attenuates oligomeric amyloid beta peptide 1-42-induced astrocytic activation by reducing oxidative stress. J Pharmacol Sci 2021; 145:308-312. [PMID: 33712281 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphs.2021.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Astrocytes are the most abundant cell type in the central nervous system (CNS) and their major function is to maintain homeostasis of the CNS by exerting various functions. Simultaneously, reactive astrocytes are well known to be involved in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). Reactive astrocytes, induced by amyloid beta peptide (Aβ), the main component of the neuritic plaques found in AD, induce neuroinflammation, producing cytokines that lead to neuronal cell death in AD. Phloroglucinol,a polyphenol monomer and a component of phlorotannin, is found at sufficient levels in Ecklonia cava of the Laminariaceae family. Recently, several studies have reported that phloroglucinol has the ability to trap free radicals in lung fibroblasts or cancer cells. However, the effects of phloroglucinol in astrocytes have not yet been studied. Here, we found that phloroglucinol inhibits the generation of ROS induced by oligomeric Aβ1-42 (oAβ1-42) treatment in primary astrocytes. Futhermore, phloroglucinol was shown to ameliorate the protein expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein, a marker of reactive astrocytes, after treatment with oAβ1-42. These results indicate that phloroglucinol exerts antioxidant effects in primary cultured astrocytes and attenuates the astrocytic activation induced by oAβ1-42.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Jeong Yang
- Department of Pharmacology and Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, 103 Daehakro, Jongro-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Neuroscience Research Institute, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, 103 Daehakro, Jongro-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunju Kim
- Department of Pharmacology and Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, 103 Daehakro, Jongro-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Neuroscience Research Institute, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, 103 Daehakro, Jongro-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Sun Kim
- Department of Pharmacology and Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, 103 Daehakro, Jongro-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Neuroscience Research Institute, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, 103 Daehakro, Jongro-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Seoul National University College of Medicine, Bundang Hospital, Bundang-Gu, Sungnam, Republic of Korea.
| | - Moon-Jeong Chang
- Department of Foods and Nutrition, College of Science and Technology, Kookmin University, Seoul 02707, Republic of Korea.
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22
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Boulebd H. Are thymol, rosefuran, terpinolene and umbelliferone good scavengers of peroxyl radicals? Phytochemistry 2021; 184:112670. [PMID: 33524861 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2021.112670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
DFT-based computational calculations have been used to investigate the hydroperoxyl radical scavenging activity of four essential oil constituents namely thymol (Thy), rosefuran (Ros), terpinolene (Ter), and umbelliferone (Umb). Different reaction mechanisms including formal hydrogen transfer (FHT), radical adduct formation (RAF), sequential proton loss electron transfer (SPLET), and sequential electron transfer proton transfer (SETPT) have been examined in the gas phase and physiological environments. It was found that the HOO radical scavenging activity of these compounds is strongly influenced by the environment, which becomes more important in water than pentyl ethanoate. According to the overall reaction rate constants, the phenolic compounds Thy and Umb are predicted to exhibit excellent activity in aqueous solution. Umb with an overall rate constant of 1.44 × 108M-1s-1 at physiological pH is among the best HOO radical scavengers in water with activity comparable to that of caffeic acid, higher than those of ascorbic acid, guaiacol and eugenol, and much higher than that of Trolox.
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Affiliation(s)
- Houssem Boulebd
- Laboratory of Synthesis of Molecules with Biological Interest, University of Frères Mentouri Constantine 1, Constantine, Algeria.
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23
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Akgun E, Boyacioglu M, Kum S. The potential protective role of folic acid against acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity in rats. Exp Anim 2021; 70:54-62. [PMID: 32963203 PMCID: PMC7887621 DOI: 10.1538/expanim.20-0075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Folic acid (FA), is a group B vitamin, has high reactive oxygen radicals quenching ability, resulting in protection against oxidative damage in aerobic cell. Acetaminophen (N-acetyl-p-aminophenol, APAP) is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, and can promote oxidative damage in liver and kidney tissues. The aim of this study was to investigate whether folic acid has protective effects on oxidative liver and kidney injury caused by experimental APAP toxication. Forty female Sprague dawley rats were divided into 5 groups; control, APAP, FA, APAP+FA, and APAP+N-acetylcysteine (NAC) groups. APAP toxication was induced by oral gavage (3 g/kg bodyweight). FA (20 mg/kg bodyweight) and NAC (150 mg/kg bodyweight) were given by oral gavage to the specified groups. Oxidant and antioxidant parameter were determined in liver and kidney tissues. In addition, the liver and kidney tissues were histological evaluated. When compared with APAP group, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase activities and glutathione levels were statistically higher, malondialdehyde (MDA) level and myeloperoxidase activity (except liver tissue) were statistically lower in both APAP+FA and APAP+NAC. Liver and kidney MDA level and kidney SOD activity were significantly lower in APAP+NAC group compared with APAP+FA group. Co-administration of NAC with APAP was found to provide protection, but hepatic cords were defective in some places and some glomerular tubules also had dilatation. Necrotic areas was reduced in the liver and the glomerular structure was in good condition in the APAP+FA group. As a result, FA might have a protective effect against APAP-induced hepato-nephrotoxicity and oxidative stress in rat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emrah Akgun
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Aydin Adnan Menderes University, Isikli, 09016, Aydin, Turkey
| | - Murat Boyacioglu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Aydin Adnan Menderes University, Isikli, 09016, Aydin, Turkey
| | - Sadiye Kum
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Aydin Adnan Menderes University, Isikli, 09016, Aydin, Turkey
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24
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Dang L, Dong X, Yang J. Influence of Nanoparticle-Loaded Edaravone on Postoperative Effects in Patients with Cerebral Hemorrhage. J Nanosci Nanotechnol 2021; 21:1202-1211. [PMID: 33183463 DOI: 10.1166/jnn.2021.18668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In order to explore the influence of nanoparticle-loaded edaravone on postoperative effects in patients with cerebral hemorrhage, a total of 120 patients who were diagnosed as cerebral hemorrhage and underwent minimally invasive hematoma removal at the designated hospital by the study from December 2014 to December 2018 were selected as research objects and divided into three groups according to the random number table method: edaravone treatment (ET) group, nanoparticle-loaded edaravone treatment (NET) group, and combined treatment (CT) group with 40 patients in each group. Three groups of patients underwent routine treatments based on their conditions, including regulating blood sugar, regulating blood pressure, anti-infection, nutritional support, and managing complications, in which 25 mg edaravone injection and 100 ml saline were added for patients in NET and CT group on the basis of the routine treatment of patients in ET group. The results showed that, after 15 days of standard treatment, the 40 patients in NET group had significantly improved neurological function than that before the treatment; the secretion of inflammatory factors in peripheral serum increased on the 7th day of treatment and decreased on the 14th day of treatment; there was no statistically significant difference in edema volume before treatment and the edema volume in the NET group was (11.56±0.44) mL after treatment, which was significantly smaller than that in ET group of (14.63±1.15) mL and the difference between the three groups was statistically significant (P <0.05). Therefore, it is believed that nanoparticle-loaded edaravone has an important effect on the postoperative effect of patients with cerebral hemorrhage; it can significantly improve the neurological function of patients with cerebral hemorrhage after minimally invasive drainage, and obviously reduce the production and release of interleukin and tumor necrosis factor, which is beneficial to protect healthy brain tissue and other organs throughout the body, and is conducive to the recovery and healing of cerebral hemorrhage. The results of this study provide a reference for further research on the influence of nanoparticle-loaded edaravone on postoperative effects in patients with cerebral hemorrhage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianfeng Dang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nuclear Industry 215 Hospital of Shaanxi Province, 712000, China
| | - Xin Dong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xianyang Hospital of Yan'an University, 712000, China; Center of Excellence in Electrochemistry, School of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, 14155-6455, Iran
| | - Jie Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nuclear Industry 215 Hospital of Shaanxi Province, 712000, China
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25
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Baek JY, Jung K, Kim YM, Kim HY, Kang KS, Chin YW. Protective Effect of γ-mangostin Isolated from the Peel of Garcinia mangostana against Glutamate-Induced Cytotoxicity in HT22 Hippocampal Neuronal Cells. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11020170. [PMID: 33514017 PMCID: PMC7910862 DOI: 10.3390/biom11020170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to examine the protective effect of γ-mangostin, a component of the mangosteen shell, against oxidative damage to nerve cells induced by excessive glutamate, a known excitatory neurotransmitter. To investigate the effect of γ-mangostin on apoptosis, 5 mM of glutamate was used to induce apoptotic cell death in mouse hippocampal HT22 cells. In this study, γ-mangostin was found to exert a stronger protection than N-acetyl cysteine against glutamate-induced cell damage. γ-Mangostin showed prevented glutamate-induced apoptosis in HT22 cells by reducing the production of reactive oxygen species and stimulating the expression of heme oxygenase-1 protein. In addition, glutamate significantly induced the accumulation of intracellular calcium ions, whereas treatment with γ-mangostin markedly reduced it. Hoechst 33342 staining showed an improvement in glutamate-induced nuclear condensation following γ-mangostin treatment. Furthermore, the number of annexin V-positive cells was significantly reduced following treatment with γ-mangostin. Western blot analysis showed the inhibition of glutamate-induced mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphorylation by γ-mangostin. γ-mangostin also inhibited the regulation of the intrinsic mitochondrial apoptotic pathway. Thus, the results of this study suggest that γ-mangostin is an active ingredient of mangosteen and exerts neuroprotective activities in HT22 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Yun Baek
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Korea;
- Department of Food Science, Gyeongnam National University of Science and Technology, Jinju 52725, Korea
| | - Kiwon Jung
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, CHA University, Sungnam 13844, Korea;
| | - Young-Mi Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-lo, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Korea;
| | - Hyun-Young Kim
- Department of Food Science, Gyeongnam National University of Science and Technology, Jinju 52725, Korea
- Correspondence: (H.-Y.K.); (K.S.K.); (Y.-W.C.); Tel.: +82-55-751-3277 (H.-Y.K.), +82-2-880-7859 (K.S.K.), +82-31-750-5402 (Y.-W.C.)
| | - Ki Sung Kang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Korea;
- Correspondence: (H.-Y.K.); (K.S.K.); (Y.-W.C.); Tel.: +82-55-751-3277 (H.-Y.K.), +82-2-880-7859 (K.S.K.), +82-31-750-5402 (Y.-W.C.)
| | - Young-Won Chin
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-lo, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Korea;
- Correspondence: (H.-Y.K.); (K.S.K.); (Y.-W.C.); Tel.: +82-55-751-3277 (H.-Y.K.), +82-2-880-7859 (K.S.K.), +82-31-750-5402 (Y.-W.C.)
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26
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Alsahli MA, Almatroodi SA, Almatroudi A, Khan AA, Anwar S, Almutary AG, Alrumaihi F, Rahmani AH. 6-Gingerol, a Major Ingredient of Ginger Attenuates Diethylnitrosamine-Induced Liver Injury in Rats through the Modulation of Oxidative Stress and Anti-Inflammatory Activity. Mediators Inflamm 2021; 2021:6661937. [PMID: 33531877 PMCID: PMC7837795 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6661937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Diethylnitrosamine (DEN) is a well-known hepatocarcinogen, and its oral administration causes severe liver damage including cancer. DEN induces the pathogenesis of the liver through reactive oxygen species mediated inflammation and modulation of various biological activities. 6-Gingerol, a major component of ginger, is reported to prevent liver diseases by reducing the oxidative stress and proinflammatory mediators. The present study investigated the hepatoprotective effects of 6-gingerol through the measurement of oxidative stress, anti-inflammatory markers, liver function enzyme parameter, and histopathological analysis. The rats were randomly divided into four groups as the control, DEN treated (50 mg/kg b.w.), DEN+6-gingerol (each 50 mg/kg b.w.), and 6-gingerol only. To evaluate the hepatoprotective effects, liver function enzymes (ALT, AST, and ALP), oxidative stress markers (SOD, GSH, GST, and TAC), lipid peroxidation, inflammatory markers (CRP, TNF-α, IL-6, and ICAM1), haematoxylin and eosin staining, Sirius red staining, immunohistochemistry, and electron microscopy were performed. The results showed a significant increase in liver function enzymes, oxidative stress, and inflammatory markers in the DEN-treated group as compared to the control group. Besides this, altered architecture of hepatocytes (infiltration of inflammatory cells, congestion, blood vessel dilation, and edema), abundant collagen fiber and organelle structures like distorted shaped and swollen mitochondria, and broken endoplasmic reticulum were noticed. The administration of 6-gingerol significantly ameliorated the biochemical and histopathological changes. The increased expression of TNF-α protein was noticed in the DEN-treated group whereas the administration of 6-gingerol significantly decreased the expression of this protein. Based on these findings, it can be suggested that 6-gingerol may be an alternative therapy for the prevention and treatment of liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed A. Alsahli
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saleh A. Almatroodi
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad Almatroudi
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amjad Ali Khan
- Department of Basic Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shehwaz Anwar
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulmajeed G. Almutary
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Faris Alrumaihi
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Arshad Husain Rahmani
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
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27
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Je J, Kim H, Park EJ, Kim SR, Dusabimana T, Jeong K, Yun SP, Kim HJ, Cho KM, Park SW. Fermentation of Sprouted Ginseng ( Panax ginseng) Increases Flavonoid and Phenolic Contents to Attenuate Alcoholic Hangover and Acute Liver Injury in Mice. Am J Chin Med 2020; 49:131-146. [PMID: 33371811 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x21500075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Alcoholic liver damage is caused by ethanol and its oxidized intermediates, and endotoxin-induced acute liver failure is mediated by apoptosis and inflammation. We investigated whether extracts of sprouts of Panax ginseng (SG) attenuate alcohol or endotoxin-induced acute liver injury in mice. Whole SG contains eight times more ginsenosides than the root and, because it grows quickly ([Formula: see text]30 days) without using pesticides, the whole-plant can be harvested. The extracts were enriched in phenolics and flavonoids and showed high radical scavenging activities. Mice received oral administration of SG or fermented SG (FSG) extracts 1 h before an injection of either ethanol or lipopolysaccharide and D-galactosamine (LPS/GalN). The latency of righting reflex was monitored to examine the effect of extracts on relieving hangover symptoms. The results indicate that FSG significantly reduced the latency of righting reflex, SG and FSG increased the activity and expression of ethanol-metabolizing enzymes, and FSG decreased hepatic necrosis and plasma levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST). During the ethanol metabolism, cytochrome P450 2E1 expression was increased, but 4-hydroxynonenal levels were decreased by the extracts due to their anti-oxidant activity. LPS/GalN-induced liver injury was reduced by SG and FSG; plasma ALT and AST levels, hepatic necrosis, and apoptotic and inflammatory markers were all decreased. In conclusion, SG extracts attenuated ethanol-induced hangover and endotoxin-induced acute liver injury, and fermentation enhanced the efficacy with regard to relieving hangover.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihyun Je
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwajin Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Jung Park
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea
| | - So Ra Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea
| | - Theodomir Dusabimana
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea
- Department of Convergence Medical Science, Gyeongsang National University Graduate School, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyuho Jeong
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Phil Yun
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea
- Department of Convergence Medical Science, Gyeongsang National University Graduate School, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Jung Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea
- Department of Convergence Medical Science, Gyeongsang National University Graduate School, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea
| | - Kye Man Cho
- Department of Food Science, Gyeongnam National University of Science and Technology, Jinju 52725, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Won Park
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea
- Department of Convergence Medical Science, Gyeongsang National University Graduate School, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea
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28
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Radzali SA, Markom M, Saleh NM. Co-Solvent Selection for Supercritical Fluid Extraction (SFE) of Phenolic Compounds from Labisia pumila. Molecules 2020; 25:E5859. [PMID: 33322389 PMCID: PMC7763476 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25245859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
A preliminary study was conducted to study the effects of different types and concentrations of co-solvents based on yield, composition and antioxidants capacity of extract prior to optimization studies of supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) of Labisia pumila (locally referred to as 'kacip fatimah'). The following co-solvents were studied prior to the optimization of supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO2) technique: ethanol, water, methanol, as well as aqueous solutions of ethanol-water and methanol-water (50% and 70% v/v). By using the selected co-solvents, identification of phenolic acids (gallic acid, methyl gallate and caffeic acid) was determined by using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). Then, the antioxidant capacity was evaluated by using three different assays: total phenolic content (TPC), ferric reducing/antioxidant power (FRAP) and free radical-scavenging capacity of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH). SC-CO2 with 70% ethanol-water co-solvent was superior in terms of a higher combination of phenolic compounds extracted and antioxidants capacity. Overall, SC-CO2 with co-solvent 70% ethanol-water technique was efficient in extracting phenolic compounds from L. pumila, and thus the usage of this solvent system should be considered for further optimization studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shazana Azfar Radzali
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia; (S.A.R.); (N.M.S.)
- Research Centre for Sustainable Process Technology (CESPRO), Faculty of Engineering & Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Masturah Markom
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia; (S.A.R.); (N.M.S.)
- Research Centre for Sustainable Process Technology (CESPRO), Faculty of Engineering & Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Noorashikin Md Saleh
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia; (S.A.R.); (N.M.S.)
- Research Centre for Sustainable Process Technology (CESPRO), Faculty of Engineering & Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia
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Abdel Motaal A, Salem HH, Almaghaslah D, Alsayari A, Bin Muhsinah A, Alfaifi MY, Elbehairi SEI, Shati AA, El-Askary H. Flavonol Glycosides: In Vitro Inhibition of DPPIV, Aldose Reductase and Combating Oxidative Stress are Potential Mechanisms for Mediating the Antidiabetic Activity of Cleome droserifolia. Molecules 2020; 25:E5864. [PMID: 33322431 PMCID: PMC7764826 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25245864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is a major health problem that is associated with high risk of various complications. Medicinal plants hold great promise against diabetes. The traditional use of Cleome droserifolia as an antidiabetic agent was correlated to its flavonol glycosides content. In the current study, five major flavonol glycosides appeared on the RP-HPLC chromatogram of the aqueous extract namely; quercetin-3-O-β-d-glucosyl-7-O-α-rhamnoside (1), isorhamnetin-7-O-β-neohesperidoside (2), isorhamnetin-3-O-β-d-glucoside (3) kaempferol-4'-methoxy-3,7-O-α-dirhamnoside (4), and isorhamnetin-3-O-α-(4″-acetylrhamnoside)-7-O-α-rhamnoside (5). The inhibitory activities of these compounds were tested in vitro against several enzymes involved in diabetes management. Only the relatively less polar methoxylated flavonol glycosides (4, 5) showed mild to moderate α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities. Compounds 1-4 displayed remarkable inhibition of dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPPIV) enzyme (IC50 0.194 ± 0.06, 0.573 ± 0.03, 0.345 ± 0.02 and 0.281 ± 0.05 µg/mL, respectively) comparable to vildagliptin (IC50 0.154 ± 0.02 µg/mL). Moreover, these compounds showed high potential in preventing diabetes complications through inhibiting aldose reductase enzyme and combating oxidative stress. Both isorhamnetin glycoside derivatives (2, 3) exhibited the highest activities in aldose reductase inhibition and compound 2 (IC50 5.45 ± 0.26 µg/mL) was even more potent than standard quercetin (IC50 7.77 ± 0.43 µg/mL). Additionally, these flavonols exerted excellent antioxidant capacities through 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazil (DPPH) and ferric reducing antioxidant (FRAP) assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amira Abdel Motaal
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha 61441, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.); (A.B.M.)
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt;
| | - Heba H. Salem
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt;
- College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha 61441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dalia Almaghaslah
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha 61441, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Abdulrhman Alsayari
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha 61441, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.); (A.B.M.)
| | - Abdullatif Bin Muhsinah
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha 61441, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.); (A.B.M.)
| | - Mohammad Y. Alfaifi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, Abha 9004, Saudi Arabia; (M.Y.A.); (S.E.I.E.); (A.A.S.)
| | - Serag Eldin I. Elbehairi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, Abha 9004, Saudi Arabia; (M.Y.A.); (S.E.I.E.); (A.A.S.)
- Cell Culture Laboratory, Egyptian Organization for Biological Products and Vaccines, VACSERA Holding Company, Giza 22311, Egypt
| | - Ali A. Shati
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, Abha 9004, Saudi Arabia; (M.Y.A.); (S.E.I.E.); (A.A.S.)
| | - Hesham El-Askary
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt;
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Zheng YZ, Fu ZM, Deng G, Guo R, Chen DF. Free radical scavenging potency of ellagic acid and its derivatives in multiple H +/e ‒ processes. Phytochemistry 2020; 180:112517. [PMID: 32950773 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2020.112517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The reaction energetics of the multiple free radical scavenging mechanisms of ellagic acid and its derivatives were studied by DFT method. Ellagic acid and its derivatives that bear catechol or guaiacyl moieties can proceed multiple free radical scavenging processes. Intramolecular hydrogen-bonds were found in the most stable geometries of the investigated compounds and can influence the antioxidant activity of the related groups and hydrogen atom/proton loss sequence. The stronger hydrogen-bond, the weaker antioxidant activity of the hydrogen atom/proton-donating group. The preferred mechanisms vary among different phases. All of the investigated compounds prefer to trap free radicals by multiple HAT mechanisms in gas and benzene phases. The second HAT reaction preferably occurs in the same catechol or guaiacyl unit of the first HAT group with the formation of stable quinone or benzodioxole. The catechol and guaiacyl moieties not only retain high free radical scavenging ability of the parent compounds but even show increased potency for the second and fourth H+/e‒ reactions. In water phase, ellagic acid and its derivatives would proceed consecutively PL reactions from the OH groups. The formed di/tri/tetra-anion would proceed one/four electron transfers following with single/double SPLET mechanism and electron donation reactions until forming the stable quinone or benzodioxole.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Zhen Zheng
- College of Animal Sciences (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, PR China; Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Zhong-Min Fu
- College of Animal Sciences (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, PR China
| | - Geng Deng
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorous Chemistry and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, PR China
| | - Rui Guo
- College of Animal Sciences (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, PR China
| | - Da-Fu Chen
- College of Animal Sciences (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, PR China.
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Grebowski J, Konopko A, Krokosz A, DiLabio GA, Litwinienko G. Antioxidant activity of highly hydroxylated fullerene C 60 and its interactions with the analogue of α-tocopherol. Free Radic Biol Med 2020; 160:734-744. [PMID: 32871231 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2020.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Polyhydroxylated fullerenes (fullerenols) are excellent free radical scavengers. Despite the large number of reports on their reactions with reactive oxygen species, there is no report on their ability to trap lipid peroxyl radicals and act as chain-breaking antioxidants. In this work we studied the effect of fullerenol C60(OH)36 on the kinetics of peroxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acid ester (methyl linoleate) dispersed in two model systems that mimic biological systems: Triton X-100 micelles and Large Unilamellar Vesicles, at pH 4, 7 and 10. As a control antioxidant 2,2,5,7,8-pentamethyl-6-hydroxychroman (PMHC, an analog of α-tocopherol) was used. In micellar systems at pH 4.0, C60(OH)36 reacts with peroxyl radicals with kinh= (5.8 ± 0.3) × 103 M-1s-1 (for PMHC kinh = 22 × 103 M-1s-1). Surprisingly, at pH 7 a retardation instead of inhibition was recorded, and at pH 10 no effect on the kinetics of the process was observed. In liposomal systems fullerenol was not active at pH 4.0 but at pH 7.0 kinh = (8.8 ± 2.6) × 103 M-1s-1 for fullerenol was 30% lower than kinh for PMHC. Using two fluorescent probes we confirmed that at pH 7.4 fullerenol/fullerenol anions are incorporated into the phospholipid heads of the bilayer. We also studied the cooperation of C60(OH)36 with PMHC: both compounds seem to contribute their peroxyl radical trapping abilities independently at pH 4 whereas at pH 7 and 10 a hyper-synergy was observed. The antioxidant action of C60(OH)36 and its synergy with PMHC was also confirmed for peroxidation of human erythrocytes at pH 7.4. Assuming the simplified structural model of fullerenol limited to 36 hydroxyls as the only functional groups attached to C60 core we found by density-functional theory a low energy structure with OH groups distributed in the form of two polyhydroxyl regions separating two unsubstituted carbon regions with biphenyl-like structure. Our calculations indicate that abstraction of hydrogen atom from fullerenol by peroxyl or tocopheroxyl radical is endoergic. As the electron transfer from fullerenol polyanion to the radicals is also energetically disfavoured, the most probable mechanism of reaction with radicals is subsequent addition of peroxyl/tocopheroxyl radicals to biphenyl moieties surrounded by OH groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacek Grebowski
- Department of Molecular Biophysics, Division of Radiobiology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236, Lodz, Poland; The Military Medical Training Center, 6-Sierpnia 92, 90-646, Lodz, Poland; University of Warsaw, Faculty of Chemistry, Pasteura 1, 02-093, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Adrian Konopko
- University of Warsaw, Faculty of Chemistry, Pasteura 1, 02-093, Warsaw, Poland; Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Pasteur St, 02-093, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anita Krokosz
- Department of Biophysics of Environmental Pollution, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236, Lodz, Poland
| | - Gino A DiLabio
- Department of Chemistry and Faculty of Management, The University of British Columbia, 3247 University Way, Kelowna British Columbia, V1V 1V7, Canada
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Banu N, Alam N, Nazmul Islam M, Islam S, Sakib SA, Hanif NB, Chowdhury MR, Tareq AM, Hasan Chowdhury K, Jahan S, Azad A, Emran TB, Simal-Gandara J. Insightful Valorization of the Biological Activities of Pani Heloch Leaves through Experimental and Computer-Aided Mechanisms. Molecules 2020; 25:E5153. [PMID: 33167510 PMCID: PMC7663931 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25215153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pani heloch (Antidesma montanum) is traditionally used to treat innumerable diseases and is a source of wild vegetables for the management of different pathological conditions. The present study explored the qualitative phytochemicals; quantitative phenol and flavonoid contents; in vitro antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and thrombolytic effects; and in vivo antipyretic and analgesic properties of the methanol extract of A. montanum leaves in different experimental models. The extract exhibited secondary metabolites including alkaloids, flavonoids, flavanols, phytosterols, cholesterols, phenols, terpenoids, glycosides, fixed oils, emodines, coumarins, resins, and tannins. Besides, Pani heloch showed strong antioxidant activity (IC50 = 99.00 µg/mL), while a moderate percentage of clot lysis (31.56%) in human blood and significant anti-inflammatory activity (p < 0.001) was achieved with the standard. Moreover, the analgesic and antipyretic properties appeared to trigger a significant response (p < 0.001) relative to in the control group. Besides, an in silico study of carpusin revealed favorable protein-binding affinities. Furthermore, the absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity analysis and toxicological properties of all isolated compounds adopted Lipinski's rule of five for drug-like potential and level of toxicity. Our research unveiled that the methanol extract of A. montanum leaves exhibited secondary metabolites that are a good source for managing inflammation, pyrexia, pain, and cellular toxicity. Computational approaches and further studies are required to identify the possible mechanism which responsible for the biological effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naureen Banu
- Department of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Chittagong, Chittagong 4318, Bangladesh; (N.B.); (N.A.); (S.I.); (S.A.S.); (N.B.H.); (M.R.C.); (A.M.T.); (K.H.C.); (S.J.)
| | - Najmul Alam
- Department of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Chittagong, Chittagong 4318, Bangladesh; (N.B.); (N.A.); (S.I.); (S.A.S.); (N.B.H.); (M.R.C.); (A.M.T.); (K.H.C.); (S.J.)
| | - Mohammad Nazmul Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Chittagong, Chittagong 4318, Bangladesh; (N.B.); (N.A.); (S.I.); (S.A.S.); (N.B.H.); (M.R.C.); (A.M.T.); (K.H.C.); (S.J.)
| | - Sanjida Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Chittagong, Chittagong 4318, Bangladesh; (N.B.); (N.A.); (S.I.); (S.A.S.); (N.B.H.); (M.R.C.); (A.M.T.); (K.H.C.); (S.J.)
| | - Shahenur Alam Sakib
- Department of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Chittagong, Chittagong 4318, Bangladesh; (N.B.); (N.A.); (S.I.); (S.A.S.); (N.B.H.); (M.R.C.); (A.M.T.); (K.H.C.); (S.J.)
- Department of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Nujhat Binte Hanif
- Department of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Chittagong, Chittagong 4318, Bangladesh; (N.B.); (N.A.); (S.I.); (S.A.S.); (N.B.H.); (M.R.C.); (A.M.T.); (K.H.C.); (S.J.)
| | - Md. Riad Chowdhury
- Department of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Chittagong, Chittagong 4318, Bangladesh; (N.B.); (N.A.); (S.I.); (S.A.S.); (N.B.H.); (M.R.C.); (A.M.T.); (K.H.C.); (S.J.)
| | - Abu Montakim Tareq
- Department of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Chittagong, Chittagong 4318, Bangladesh; (N.B.); (N.A.); (S.I.); (S.A.S.); (N.B.H.); (M.R.C.); (A.M.T.); (K.H.C.); (S.J.)
| | - Kamrul Hasan Chowdhury
- Department of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Chittagong, Chittagong 4318, Bangladesh; (N.B.); (N.A.); (S.I.); (S.A.S.); (N.B.H.); (M.R.C.); (A.M.T.); (K.H.C.); (S.J.)
| | - Shamima Jahan
- Department of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Chittagong, Chittagong 4318, Bangladesh; (N.B.); (N.A.); (S.I.); (S.A.S.); (N.B.H.); (M.R.C.); (A.M.T.); (K.H.C.); (S.J.)
| | - Afrina Azad
- Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR), Dr. Qudrat-i-Khuda Road, Dhanmondi, Dhaka 1205, Bangladesh;
| | - Talha Bin Emran
- Department of Pharmacy, BGC Trust University Bangladesh, Chittagong 4381, Bangladesh
| | - Jesus Simal-Gandara
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical and Food Chemistry, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Vigo—Ourense Campus, E32004 Ourense, Spain
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Le Sech C, Hirayama R. Dual aspect of radioenhancers and free radical scavengers. Free Radic Biol Med 2020; 159:103-106. [PMID: 32745762 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2020.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Combining an external beam of ionizing particles with agents to augment the dose effects of cell damages for therapeutic purpose is an important goal of radiotherapy. This last decade intensive works have focused on metal compounds or metal nanoparticles as radiosensitizers to increase the oxidative damages under irradiation. In principle the nanoparticles can be coated with a functionalized shell, to achieve a specific targeting of the tissues, making such approach attractive. The functionalized coating is made of polymers. These molecules are able to scavenge the free radicals, thus, the coating can decrease the overall efficacy of the radiation. The purpose of the present model is to analyse the role of free hydroxyl radicals in the dual behaviour of the added agent. Consideration of the efficiency of the added agents versus the Linear Energy Transfer - LET - of the ionizing particles is made. It is shown that an efficient agent combined with a low-LET particle beams might become less efficient when high-LET particles like heavy-ions are used. These general considerations should be useful to optimize the design of the nanoparticles to be combined with the different kind of ionizing particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claude Le Sech
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires D'Orsay (ISMO), CNRS, Bâtiment 520, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91405, Orsay, France.
| | - Ryoichi Hirayama
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences (NIRS), National Institute for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology (QST), 4-9-1, Anagawa, Inage, Chiba, 263-8555, Japan.
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Lu LM, Yang SY, Liu L, Lu YF, Yang SM, Liu F, Ni S, Zeng FC, Ren B, Wang XY, Li LQ. Physiological and quantitative proteomic analysis of NtPRX63-overexpressing tobacco plants revealed that NtPRX63 functions in plant salt resistance. Plant Physiol Biochem 2020; 154:30-42. [PMID: 32521442 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2020.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
High salinity is harmful to crop yield and productivity. Peroxidases (PRXs) play crucial roles in H2O2 scavenging. In our previous study, PRX63 significantly upregulated in tobacco plants under salt stress. Thus, in order to understand the function of PRX63 in tobacco salt response, we overexpressed this gene in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.), investigated the morphological, physiological and proteomic profiles of NtPRX63-overexpressing tobacco transgenic lines and wild type. The results showed that, compared with the wild type, the transgenic tobacco plants presented enhanced salt tolerance and displayed lower ROS (reactive oxygen species), malondialdehyde (MDA) and Na+ contents; higher biomass, potassium content, soluble sugar content, and peroxidase activity; and higher expression levels of NtSOD, NtPOD and NtCAT. Protein abundance analysis revealed 123 differentially expressed proteins between the transgenic and wild-type plants. These proteins were functionally classified into 18 categories and are involved in 41 metabolic pathways. Furthermore, among the 123 proteins, eight proteins involved in the ROS-scavenging system, 12 involved in photosynthesis and energy metabolism processes, two stress response proteins, one signal transduction protein and one disulfide isomerase were significantly upregulated. Furthermore, three novel proteins that may be involved in the plant salt response were also identified. The results of our study indicate that an enhanced ROS-scavenging ability, together with the expression of proteins related to energy mobilization and the stress response, functions in the confirmed salt resistance of transgenic tobacco plants. Our data provide valuable information for research on the function of NtPRX63 in tobacco in response to abiotic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Ming Lu
- Agriculture College, Sichuan Agriculture University, Chengdu, 611130, PR China
| | - Shang-Yu Yang
- Agriculture College, Sichuan Agriculture University, Chengdu, 611130, PR China
| | - Lun Liu
- Agriculture College, Sichuan Agriculture University, Chengdu, 611130, PR China
| | - Yi-Fei Lu
- Agriculture College, Sichuan Agriculture University, Chengdu, 611130, PR China
| | - Shi-Min Yang
- Agriculture College, Sichuan Agriculture University, Chengdu, 611130, PR China
| | - Fan Liu
- Agriculture College, Sichuan Agriculture University, Chengdu, 611130, PR China
| | - Su Ni
- Agriculture College, Sichuan Agriculture University, Chengdu, 611130, PR China
| | - Fu-Chun Zeng
- Agriculture College, Sichuan Agriculture University, Chengdu, 611130, PR China
| | - Bi Ren
- Agriculture College, Sichuan Agriculture University, Chengdu, 611130, PR China
| | - Xi-Yao Wang
- Agriculture College, Sichuan Agriculture University, Chengdu, 611130, PR China
| | - Li-Qin Li
- Agriculture College, Sichuan Agriculture University, Chengdu, 611130, PR China.
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Sandoval V, Sanz-Lamora H, Arias G, Marrero PF, Haro D, Relat J. Metabolic Impact of Flavonoids Consumption in Obesity: From Central to Peripheral. Nutrients 2020; 12:E2393. [PMID: 32785059 PMCID: PMC7469047 DOI: 10.3390/nu12082393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 08/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevention and treatment of obesity is primary based on the follow-up of a healthy lifestyle, which includes a healthy diet with an important presence of bioactive compounds such as polyphenols. For many years, the health benefits of polyphenols have been attributed to their anti-oxidant capacity as free radical scavengers. More recently it has been described that polyphenols activate other cell-signaling pathways that are not related to ROS production but rather involved in metabolic regulation. In this review, we have summarized the current knowledge in this field by focusing on the metabolic effects of flavonoids. Flavonoids are widely distributed in the plant kingdom where they are used for growing and defensing. They are structurally characterized by two benzene rings and a heterocyclic pyrone ring and based on the oxidation and saturation status of the heterocyclic ring flavonoids are grouped in seven different subclasses. The present work is focused on describing the molecular mechanisms underlying the metabolic impact of flavonoids in obesity and obesity-related diseases. We described the effects of each group of flavonoids in liver, white and brown adipose tissue and central nervous system and the metabolic and signaling pathways involved on them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viviana Sandoval
- Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Gastronomy, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Food Torribera Campus, University of Barcelona, E-08921 Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Spain; (V.S.); (H.S.-L.); (G.A.); (P.F.M.)
| | - Hèctor Sanz-Lamora
- Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Gastronomy, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Food Torribera Campus, University of Barcelona, E-08921 Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Spain; (V.S.); (H.S.-L.); (G.A.); (P.F.M.)
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Safety of the University of Barcelona (INSA-UB), E-08921 Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Spain
| | - Giselle Arias
- Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Gastronomy, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Food Torribera Campus, University of Barcelona, E-08921 Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Spain; (V.S.); (H.S.-L.); (G.A.); (P.F.M.)
| | - Pedro F. Marrero
- Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Gastronomy, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Food Torribera Campus, University of Barcelona, E-08921 Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Spain; (V.S.); (H.S.-L.); (G.A.); (P.F.M.)
- Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB), E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBER-OBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, E-28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Diego Haro
- Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Gastronomy, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Food Torribera Campus, University of Barcelona, E-08921 Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Spain; (V.S.); (H.S.-L.); (G.A.); (P.F.M.)
- Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB), E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBER-OBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, E-28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Joana Relat
- Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Gastronomy, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Food Torribera Campus, University of Barcelona, E-08921 Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Spain; (V.S.); (H.S.-L.); (G.A.); (P.F.M.)
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Safety of the University of Barcelona (INSA-UB), E-08921 Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Spain
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBER-OBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, E-28029 Madrid, Spain
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Ma K, Zhang X, Shang Y, Zhu Z, Li X, Li X, Li X. Improved purified terephthalic acid wastewater treatment using combined UAFB-SBR system: At mesophilic and ambient temperature. Chemosphere 2020; 247:125752. [PMID: 31978668 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.125752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a combined UAFB-SBR process was introduced to improve the treatment efficiency of PTA wastewater. The techno-economic feasibility of the process was evaluated in terms of organic removal efficiencies under mesophilic (37 °C) and ambient temperature (15-25 °C) during the long-term run. The lab-scale study revealed that all organic compounds present in the PTA wastewater could be efficiently removed under both mesophilic and ambient temperature, and p-toluic acid is probably the critical pollutant regulating the overall process performance in anaerobic stage, which should be seriously considered. The Miseq Sequencing results suggested that, along with the system temperature variation from mesophilic to ambient temperature, greater effects on bacterial community than archaeal community were detected in the UAFB reactor, while only slight variations were observed in the SBR reactor. Further taxonomy analysis demonstrated that within the UAFB reactor, the syntrophic partnership of Syntrophorhabdus, Syntrophus and Desulfovibrio with hydrogenotrophic methanogens were the main impetus for aromatic organics reduction. In the meanwhile, the intensively identified Thauera and Azoarcus groups were speculated of important roles in the aerobic degradation of aromatic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaili Ma
- School of Environment, Henan Normal University, Key Laboratory of Yellow River and Huai River Water Environment and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Henan Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Control, Xinxiang, 453000, China.
| | - Xiaohan Zhang
- School of Environment, Henan Normal University, Key Laboratory of Yellow River and Huai River Water Environment and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Henan Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Control, Xinxiang, 453000, China
| | - Yong Shang
- School of Environment, Henan Normal University, Key Laboratory of Yellow River and Huai River Water Environment and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Henan Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Control, Xinxiang, 453000, China
| | - Zhenkui Zhu
- School of Environment, Henan Normal University, Key Laboratory of Yellow River and Huai River Water Environment and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Henan Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Control, Xinxiang, 453000, China
| | - Xilin Li
- School of Environment, Henan Normal University, Key Laboratory of Yellow River and Huai River Water Environment and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Henan Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Control, Xinxiang, 453000, China
| | - Xiaoling Li
- School of Civil Engineering, Chang'an University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiangkun Li
- School of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300000, China.
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Bai K, Hong B, He J, Huang W. Antioxidant Capacity and Hepatoprotective Role of Chitosan-Stabilized Selenium Nanoparticles in Concanavalin A-Induced Liver Injury in Mice. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12030857. [PMID: 32210138 PMCID: PMC7146609 DOI: 10.3390/nu12030857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) have attracted wide attention for their use in nutritional supplements and nanomedicine applications. However, their potential to protect against autoimmune hepatitis has not been fully investigated, and the role of their antioxidant capacity in hepatoprotection is uncertain. In this study, chitosan-stabilized SeNPs (CS-SeNPs) were prepared by means of rapid ultra-filtration, and then their antioxidant ability and free-radical scavenging capacity were evaluated. The hepatoprotective potential of a spray-dried CS-SeNPs powder against autoimmune liver disease was also studied in the concanavalin A (Con A)-induced liver injury mouse model. CS-SeNPs with size of around 60 nm exhibited acceptable oxygen radical absorbance capacity and were able to scavenge DPPH, superoxide anion, and hydroxyl radicals. The CS-SeNPs powder alleviated Con A-caused hepatocyte necrosis and reduced the elevated levels of serum alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase, and lactic dehydrogenase in Con A-treated mice. These results suggest that the CS-SeNPs powder protected the mice from Con-A-induced oxidative stress in the liver by retarding lipid oxidation and by boosting the activities of superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and catalase, partly because of its ability to improve Se retention. In conclusion, SeNPs present potent hepatoprotective potential against Con A-induced liver damage by enhancing the redox state in the liver; therefore, they deserve further development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaikai Bai
- Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen 361005, China; (B.H.); (J.H.); (W.H.)
- Technology Innovation Center for Exploitation of Marine Biological Resources, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen 361005, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-592-2195309
| | - Bihong Hong
- Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen 361005, China; (B.H.); (J.H.); (W.H.)
- Technology Innovation Center for Exploitation of Marine Biological Resources, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Jianlin He
- Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen 361005, China; (B.H.); (J.H.); (W.H.)
- Technology Innovation Center for Exploitation of Marine Biological Resources, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Wenwen Huang
- Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen 361005, China; (B.H.); (J.H.); (W.H.)
- Technology Innovation Center for Exploitation of Marine Biological Resources, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen 361005, China
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Holeček M. Histidine in Health and Disease: Metabolism, Physiological Importance, and Use as a Supplement. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12030848. [PMID: 32235743 PMCID: PMC7146355 DOI: 10.3390/nu12030848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
L-histidine (HIS) is an essential amino acid with unique roles in proton buffering, metal ion chelation, scavenging of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, erythropoiesis, and the histaminergic system. Several HIS-rich proteins (e.g., haemoproteins, HIS-rich glycoproteins, histatins, HIS-rich calcium-binding protein, and filaggrin), HIS-containing dipeptides (particularly carnosine), and methyl- and sulphur-containing derivatives of HIS (3-methylhistidine, 1-methylhistidine, and ergothioneine) have specific functions. The unique chemical properties and physiological functions are the basis of the theoretical rationale to suggest HIS supplementation in a wide range of conditions. Several decades of experience have confirmed the effectiveness of HIS as a component of solutions used for organ preservation and myocardial protection in cardiac surgery. Further studies are needed to elucidate the effects of HIS supplementation on neurological disorders, atopic dermatitis, metabolic syndrome, diabetes, uraemic anaemia, ulcers, inflammatory bowel diseases, malignancies, and muscle performance during strenuous exercise. Signs of toxicity, mutagenic activity, and allergic reactions or peptic ulcers have not been reported, although HIS is a histamine precursor. Of concern should be findings of hepatic enlargement and increases in ammonia and glutamine and of decrease in branched-chain amino acids (valine, leucine, and isoleucine) in blood plasma indicating that HIS supplementation is inappropriate in patients with liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milan Holeček
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Šimkova 870, 500 38 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
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Arciniegas A, Gómez-Vidales V, Pérez-Castorena AL, Nieto-Camacho A, Villaseñor JL, Romo de Vivar A. Recognition of antioxidants and photosensitizers in Dyssodia pinnata by EPR spectroscopy. Phytochem Anal 2020; 31:252-261. [PMID: 31433543 DOI: 10.1002/pca.2889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Revised: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Previous studies report the isolation mainly of terthiophene derivatives and flavonoids from Dyssodia species. Terthiophenes are known as photosensitizers by their capacity to generate singlet oxygen (1 O2 ), and flavonoid antioxidant activity is recognized. These opposite properties could represent interesting options in photodynamic therapy. OBJECTIVE To determine the antioxidant and photosensitizer activities of extracts and isolates of Dyssodia pinnata by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR). METHODOLOGY Extracts and isolates were evaluated as antioxidants by the interactions with copper ion (Cu2+ ) observed in EPR, and by the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH) and the thiobarbituric reactive substances (TBARS) methods. Their abilities as 1 O2 producers were also estimated by EPR. RESULTS Terthiophenes were obtained from hexane (DPH) and acetone (DPA) extracts, and flavonoids from DPA and methanol (DPM) extracts. The interaction with Cu2+ of extracts and isolated compounds of Dyssodia pinnata showed two effects in EPR: reduction and chelation; flavonoids exhibited both effects, while terthiophenes showed only reduction. DPA, DPM, and flavonoids were active in DPPH and TBARS assays. Quercetagetin-7-O-β-glucoside showed the highest antioxidant and chelating activities, 3-glycosidated flavonoids were less active. Upon irradiation extracts and terthiophenes induced 1 O2 formation. CONCLUSION Flavonoid reducing activity on Cu2+ and free radical scavenging capacity were related to the number of hydroxy groups and to the conjugation between the B and C rings. All tested flavonols showed a major complex with Cu2+ , with the most probable site of chelation between the 5-hydroxy and 4-oxo groups. Extracts and terthiophene derivatives showed photosensitizer activity. Thus, EPR is useful to evaluate free radical scavenging and pro-oxidant properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amira Arciniegas
- Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, 04510, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Virginia Gómez-Vidales
- Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, 04510, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Ana-L Pérez-Castorena
- Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, 04510, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Antonio Nieto-Camacho
- Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, 04510, Ciudad de México, México
| | - José L Villaseñor
- Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, 04510, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Alfonso Romo de Vivar
- Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, 04510, Ciudad de México, México
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Madruga LYC, Sabino RM, Santos ECG, Popat KC, Balaban RDC, Kipper MJ. Carboxymethyl-kappa-carrageenan: A study of biocompatibility, antioxidant and antibacterial activities. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 152:483-491. [PMID: 32109473 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.02.274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Revised: 02/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Chemical modification of polysaccharides is an important route to enhance, develop or change polysaccharide properties. In this study, carboxymethylation of kappa-carrageenan (KC) with monochloroacetic acid was performed to achieve different degrees of substitution (DS) of carboxymethyl-kappa-carrageenan (CMKC). The degree of substitution ranged from 0.8 to 1.6 and was calculated from the 1H NMR spectra. The chemical structure of the CMKCs was further characterized by FT-IR, and 13C NMR. FT-IR confirmed the carboxymethylation. Carboxymethylation increased viscosity of KC in water and decreased viscosity of KC in synthetic human sweat. Tests with human adipose derived stem cells showed higher viability and lower cytotoxicity for CMKCs when compared to KC. CMKCs showed no hemolytic activity to human red blood cells. CMKCs have increased antioxidant activity compared to KC. In antibacterial assays, CMKCs with DS of 0.8, 1.0 and 1.2 exhibited growth inhibition against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. CMKC with DS ranging from 1.0 to 1.2 are good candidate biomaterials for cell-contacting applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liszt Y C Madruga
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, RN, Brazil; Laboratory of Immunoparasitology, College of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Roberta M Sabino
- School of Advanced Materials Discovery, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Elizabeth C G Santos
- Laboratory of Immunoparasitology, College of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Ketul C Popat
- School of Advanced Materials Discovery, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States; School of Biomedical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Rosangela de C Balaban
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Matt J Kipper
- School of Advanced Materials Discovery, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States; School of Biomedical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States; Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States.
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Gruľová D, Caputo L, Elshafie HS, Baranová B, De Martino L, Sedlák V, Gogaľová Z, Poráčová J, Camele I, De Feo V. Thymol Chemotype Origanum vulgare L. Essential Oil as a Potential Selective Bio-Based Herbicide on Monocot Plant Species. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25030595. [PMID: 32013272 PMCID: PMC7037002 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25030595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Searching for new bio-based herbicides is crucial for decreasing chemical pollution, protecting the environment, and sustaining biodiversity. Origanum vulgare is considered a promising source of essential oil with herbicidal effect. The mode of action is not known. The present study focused on (1) comparison of phytotoxic activity of Origanum vulgare EO on monocot (Triticum aestivum and Hordeum vulgare) and dicot species (Lepidium sativum and Sinapis alba); (2) and evaluating other antimicrobial biological activities against phytopatogen bacteria (Clavibacter michiganensis, Pseudomonas syringae pv. phaseolicola, Pseudomonas savastanoi, and Xanthomonas campestris); antifungal activity against Monilinia fructicola, Aspergillus niger, Penicillium expansum, and Botrytis cinerea; cytotoxic activity and antioxidant activity. According to the GC/MS analyses, the EO belongs to the thymol chemotype O. vulgare with its high content of thymol (76%). Germination of all four species was not influenced by EO. The phytotoxic effect was statistically significant in the monocot species, while in the dicot species the opposite was observed-a stimulation effect, which was also statistically significant. Strong biological activity of O. vulgare EO was noted on all phytopatogen bacteria and fungi in the highest dose. Cytotoxic activity showed an IC50 = 50.5 μg/mL. Antioxidant activity showed an IC50 = 106.6 μg/mL after 45 min experimental time. Based on the presented results, it is possible to conclude that thymol chemotype O. vulgare essential oil could be potentially used as a herbicide with selective effects on monocot plant species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Gruľová
- Department of Ecology, Faculty of Humanities and Natural Sciences, University of Prešov, 17. Novembra 1, 08001 Prešov, Slovakia;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +421-948-030-412
| | - Lucia Caputo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, I-84084 Fisciano, Italy; (L.C.); (L.D.M.); (V.D.F.)
| | - Hazem S. Elshafie
- School of Agricultural, Forestry, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Basilicata, Viale dell’Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy; (H.S.E.); (I.C.)
| | - Beáta Baranová
- Department of Ecology, Faculty of Humanities and Natural Sciences, University of Prešov, 17. Novembra 1, 08001 Prešov, Slovakia;
| | - Laura De Martino
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, I-84084 Fisciano, Italy; (L.C.); (L.D.M.); (V.D.F.)
| | - Vincent Sedlák
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Humanities and Natural Sciences, University of Prešov, 17. Novembra 1, 08001 Prešov, Slovakia; (V.S.); (Z.G.); (J.P.)
| | - Zuzana Gogaľová
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Humanities and Natural Sciences, University of Prešov, 17. Novembra 1, 08001 Prešov, Slovakia; (V.S.); (Z.G.); (J.P.)
| | - Janka Poráčová
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Humanities and Natural Sciences, University of Prešov, 17. Novembra 1, 08001 Prešov, Slovakia; (V.S.); (Z.G.); (J.P.)
| | - Ippolito Camele
- School of Agricultural, Forestry, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Basilicata, Viale dell’Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy; (H.S.E.); (I.C.)
| | - Vincenzo De Feo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, I-84084 Fisciano, Italy; (L.C.); (L.D.M.); (V.D.F.)
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Zagrean-Tuza C, Dorneanu S, Mot AC. The strange case of polyphenols inhibiting the Briggs-Rauscher reaction: pH-modulated reactivity of the superoxide radical. Free Radic Biol Med 2020; 146:189-197. [PMID: 31705959 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2019.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Superoxide radical is one of the main players when it comes to oxidative stress. Even if in itself is moderately reactive and can cause the degradation of very few biologically relevant macromolecules, it can dismutate to hydrogen peroxide followed by a possible conversion to hydroxyl radical. In order to protect the internal environment against reactive oxygen species, plants have evolved a line of defence made from secondary metabolites with versatile redox properties, such as flavonoids and phenolic acids. Their characteristics are highly modulated by pH, as they turn into prooxidant compounds as it increases. Reported here are the behaviour and clear patterns in reactivity towards superoxide anion radical of four classes of plant phenolics as a pH function. The reactivity towards superoxide radical in acidic conditions has been studied by use of oscillating Briggs-Rauscher reaction with a new spectroelectrochemical experimental setup, by recording the absorbance in high quality for the first time. Some mechanistic intricacies have also been explored with regard to this method. Reactivity modulation at neutral and slightly basic pH has been assayed by superoxide radical scavenging ability using nitroblue tetrazolium as a substrate. For stronger alkaline pHs studies, Electron Paramagnetic Resonance was exploited. Hydroxybenzoic acids tend to be the least reactive species at all tested pH values. Hydroxycinnamic acids have their activity towards superoxide radical decreased as the pH increases, whereas flavonoids act vice versa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cezara Zagrean-Tuza
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Babes-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Sorin Dorneanu
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Babes-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Augustin C Mot
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Babes-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
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Zhang M, ShiYang X, Zhang Y, Miao Y, Chen Y, Cui Z, Xiong B. Coenzyme Q10 ameliorates the quality of postovulatory aged oocytes by suppressing DNA damage and apoptosis. Free Radic Biol Med 2019; 143:84-94. [PMID: 31398498 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2019.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Revised: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Postovulatory aging is known to compromise the oocyte quality as well as subsequent embryo development in many different animal models, and becomes one of the most intractable issues that limit the outcome of human assisted reproductive technology (ART). However, the strategies to prevent the deterioration of aged oocytes and relevant mechanisms are still underexplored. Here, we find that supplementation of CoQ10, a natural antioxidant present in human follicular fluids, is able to restore the postovulatory aging-induced fragmentation of oocytes and decline of fertilization. Importantly, we show that CoQ10 supplementation recovers postovulatory aging-caused meiotic defects such as disruption of spindle assembly, misalignment of chromosome, disappearance of actin cap, and abnormal distribution patterns of mitochondria and cortical granules. In addition, CoQ10 protects aged oocytes from premature exocytosis of ovastacin, cleavage of sperm binding site ZP2, and loss of localization of Juno, to maintain the fertilization potential. Notably, CoQ10 suppresses the aging-induced oxidative stress by reducing the levels of superoxide and DNA damage, ultimately inhibiting the apoptosis. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that CoQ10 supplementation is a feasible and effective way to prevent postovulatory aging and preserve the oocyte quality, potentially contributing to improve the successful rate of IVF (in vitro fertilization) and ICSI (intracytoplasmic sperm injection) during human ART.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mianqun Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Xiayan ShiYang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Yuwei Zhang
- Research Center of Combine Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Affiliated Traditional Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
| | - Yilong Miao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Ying Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Zhaokang Cui
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Bo Xiong
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
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Sarkhosh M, Sadani M, Abtahi M, Mohseni SM, Sheikhmohammadi A, Azarpira H, Najafpoor AA, Atafar Z, Rezaei S, Alli R, Bay A. Enhancing photo-degradation of ciprofloxacin using simultaneous usage of e aq- and OH over UV/ZnO/I - process: Efficiency, kinetics, pathways, and mechanisms. J Hazard Mater 2019; 377:418-426. [PMID: 31176077 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.05.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2018] [Revised: 04/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to develop the process relies on the UV irradiation of ZnO and I-, i.e. UV/ZnO /I- (UZI), to create both oxidizer and reducer agents simultaneously for photo-degradation of the Ciprofloxacin (CIP). This paper shows that while applying UV irradiation, UV/ZnO and UV/I- for 20 min can lead to achieve 37.5%, 58.12%, and 61.4% photo-degradation of 100 mg L-1 CIP at pH 7, respectively. Moreover, the UZI treatment can provide 91.54% photo-degradation efficiency. The LC-MS analysis of the UZI effluent indicates that 10 min process was adequate to degrade CIP into simple ring-shaped metabolites while 15 min treatment, mostly of CIP intermediates were linear and biodegradable organic compounds. Furthermore, fourteen little fragments were identified in the CIP photo-degradation via UZI, during the photoreaction time of 2.5 to 20 min. Then, a pseudo first-order kinetics equation was utilized to model the observed photo-degradation process. Finally, the computational results show that the increased concentration of the CIP solution from 100 to 400 mg L-1 decreases the observed rate constant (kobs) from 0.4125 to 0.2189 min-1 while increases the photoreaction rate (robs) from 41.25 to 87.56 mg L-1 min-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Sarkhosh
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohsen Sadani
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehrnoosh Abtahi
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Mohsen Mohseni
- Student Research Committee, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Amir Sheikhmohammadi
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Khoy University of Medical Sciences, Khoy, Iran.
| | - Hossein Azarpira
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Saveh University of Medical Sciences, Saveh, Iran
| | - Ali Asghar Najafpoor
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Zahra Atafar
- Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health (RCEDH),, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Soheila Rezaei
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran
| | - Rahim Alli
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Qom University of Medical Science and Health Services, Qom, Iran
| | - Abotalebe Bay
- Environmental Health Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
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Kang JH, Yoon Y, Song J. Simultaneous removal of hydrogen sulfide and ammonia using a combined system with absorption and electrochemical oxidation. J Environ Sci Health A Tox Hazard Subst Environ Eng 2019; 54:1430-1440. [PMID: 31423891 DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2019.1653108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 07/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and ammonia (NH3), common impurities in biogas, need to be removed before utilizing it. In this study, a combined system, which consisted of an absorption column and an electrochemical oxidation reactor, was tested to simultaneously remove these impurities. The effects of the current density and the chemical loading rate on the system performance were investigated. Firstly, the mass transfer coefficients for the absorption column were determined at various gas flow rates. More mass of NH3 was transferred, compared with that of H2S, because of its higher solubility. In the electro-oxidation reactor, reactive chlorine species (RCSs) were generated and oxidized both H2S and NH3; however, NH3 started to degrade only after H2S was completely eliminated. At a current density of 400 A/m2, the current efficiencies of H2S and NH3 were 23.1% and 5.9%, respectively. In the combined system, the removal efficiency of H2S was closely related to the mass ratio of the H2S transferred and the RCSs generated. The removal efficiency of H2S was greater than 99% when the ratio was less than 1. The mass transfer potential and the oxidation kinetics should be balanced to improve the system performance for the simultaneous removal of H2S and NH3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong-Hee Kang
- Department of Land, Water and Environment Research, Korea Institute of Civil Engineering and Building Technology, Gyeonggi-Do, Korea
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yeojoon Yoon
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Yonsei University, Wonju, Korea
| | - JiHyeon Song
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul, Korea
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Li X, Tang S, Yuan D, Tang J, Zhang C, Li N, Rao Y. Improved degradation of anthraquinone dye by electrochemical activation of PDS. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2019; 177:77-85. [PMID: 30974246 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Revised: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Electrochemical oxidation (EO) coupled with peroxydisulfate (PDS) activation as a synergistic wastewater treatment process (PDS/EO) was performed to degrade anthraquinone dye-Reactive Brilliant Blue (RBB) in aqueous solution. Introducing PDS into the EO improved the RBB removal than the sole PDS and conventional EO systems. The RBB could activate PDS to a certain degree by itself. By the comparison of various inorganic ions addition, it showed that adding NO3- as the background electrolyte was more effective than the systems using the Cl- and SO42-, respectively. In this PDS/EO-NO3- system, increasing PDS concentration (1-5 mmol L-1) and current density (5-10 mA cm-2) considerably promoted the degradation of RBB. The adjustment of the solution pH displayed that the acidic and neutral condition was beneficial to the RBB removal, and the synergistic effect was inverse ratio to the RBB initial concentration. Furthermore, the scavenger experiments verified that both SO4·- and HO· were the major active substances in the RBB decomposition, and other reactive oxygen species also had considerable contributions. Thereinto NO3- only act a catalytic agent to improve the generation of active matters in the PDS/EO-NO3-. Overall, the proposed synergistic process could serve as an efficient method for the degradation of anthraquinone dye.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Li
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, 066004, PR China
| | - Shoufeng Tang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, 066004, PR China
| | - Deling Yuan
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, 066004, PR China.
| | - Jiachen Tang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, 066004, PR China
| | - Chen Zhang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, 066004, PR China
| | - Na Li
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, 066004, PR China
| | - Yandi Rao
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, 066004, PR China
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Nie JY, Li R, Wang Y, Tan J, Tang SH, Jiang ZT. Antioxidant activity evaluation of rosemary ethanol extract and their cellular antioxidant activity toward HeLa cells. J Food Biochem 2019; 43:e12851. [PMID: 31353697 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.12851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2018] [Revised: 03/09/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Rosemary ethanol extract (REE) from Rosmarinus officinalis was identified by LC-ESI-MS/MS and 12 compounds were found. Among them, rosmarinic acid (389.78 μg/mg in REE), luteolin-3'-O-glucuronide (325.58 μg/mg), luteolin-5-O-glucuronide (120.92 μg/mg), and geniposide (120.83 μg/mg) are the major components. The antioxidant activity evaluation of REE by off-line HPLC methods indicated that among the 12 compounds, rosmarinic acid had the strongest scavenging activities in both DPPH· and ·OH. The cytotoxicity experiment showed that REE with the concentration ranges from 1 to 100 µg/ml did not significantly affect the cell viability of HeLa, while inhibitory rate reduced to 62.3% when the concentration was increased to 1,000 µg/ml. The results of intracellular antioxidation assay showed that the ability of REE in reducing the reactive oxygen species (ROS) in HeLa cells was higher than rosmanol, and lower than rosmarinic acid without cell toxicity. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Plant polyphenols are essential components of functional foods, due to their antioxidant and enzyme inhibition activities. This paper is the first study about the quantification of antioxidant compounds, antioxidant activity evaluation, and their cellular antioxidant activity of polyphenols extract from R. officinalis toward HeLa cells. We aimed to elucidate the chemical composition and recognition of antioxidant components with DPPH and OH free radicals scavenging activity. In addition, the polyphenols dose-response correlations with cellular antioxidant activity were also determined. These results indicated that off-line HPLC method with DPPH and OH free radicals as markers is available for screening antioxidant activity of polyphenols from the mixture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Yu Nie
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology and Food Science, Tianjin University of Commerce, Tianjin, China
| | - Rong Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology and Food Science, Tianjin University of Commerce, Tianjin, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology and Food Science, Tianjin University of Commerce, Tianjin, China
| | - Jin Tan
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology and Food Science, Tianjin University of Commerce, Tianjin, China
| | - Shu-Hua Tang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology and Food Science, Tianjin University of Commerce, Tianjin, China
| | - Zi-Tao Jiang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology and Food Science, Tianjin University of Commerce, Tianjin, China
- School of Food Engineering, Tianjin Tianshi College, Tianjin, China
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Weisman A, Tomlinson GA, Lipscombe LL, Perkins BA, Hawker GA. Association between allopurinol and cardiovascular outcomes and all-cause mortality in diabetes: A retrospective, population-based cohort study. Diabetes Obes Metab 2019; 21:1322-1329. [PMID: 30734980 DOI: 10.1111/dom.13656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Revised: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
AIM To assess the association between allopurinol and mortality and cardiovascular outcomes in an allopurinol-treated diabetes cohort. MATERIALS AND METHODS We conducted a population-based retrospective cohort study in Ontario, Canada. Eligible subjects were ≥ 66 years old with diabetes and a first prescription for allopurinol between 1 April, 2002 and 31 March, 2012 and were followed until 31 March, 2016. The primary outcome was a composite: all-cause mortality, non-fatal cardiovascular event (myocardial infarction, revascularization procedure, or stroke) or congestive heart failure (CHF). Secondary outcomes were components of the primary outcome and pneumonia as a negative tracer. Allopurinol was modelled as time-varying exposed versus unexposed, daily dose category and cumulative dose using sex-specific multivariable Cox proportional hazards models. RESULTS Over a median follow-up of 4.65 years (interquartile range 1.79-7.81), 16 266/23 103 males and 10 571/15 313 females experienced the primary outcome. Allopurinol was associated with a reduction in the primary outcome [adjusted hazard ratios (aHR) 0.77 (95% confidence interval 0.75-0.80) and 0.81 (0.78-0.84) for males and females, respectively], driven by marked reductions in all-cause mortality and modest reductions in cardiovascular events/CHF. There was no effect of cumulative allopurinol dose on any outcome, and allopurinol was also associated with reduced risk of pneumonia in males [aHR 0.88 (0.83, 0.93)]. CONCLUSIONS Allopurinol was associated with reduced mortality and cardiovascular outcomes. However, lack of cumulative dose effect and a positive tracer outcome in males suggests residual bias. Future research assessing whether allopurinol prevents vascular complications in diabetes requires a clinical trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alanna Weisman
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- ICES, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Women's College Research Institute, Women's College Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - George A Tomlinson
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University Health Network/Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lorraine L Lipscombe
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- ICES, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Women's College Research Institute, Women's College Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Bruce A Perkins
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gillian A Hawker
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- ICES, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Women's College Research Institute, Women's College Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Abstract
Chitosan ascorbates with different substitution degrees were synthesized on the basis of salification of chitosan and ascorbic acid at various molar ratios in water and were successfully used to prepare antioxidative films by casting for the first time. Fourier transform infrared and 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectra recorded the structural characteristics of all chitosan ascorbates; meanwhile, physicochemical property and antioxidant activity of the produced chitosan ascorbate films were characterized, with chitosan acetate film serving as the control, and these properties were also measured for comparison. The results revealed that salification of chitosan with ascorbic acid not only improved the total color difference, chroma, opacity, capacity for blocking ultraviolet-visible light, and water solubility of chitosan-based films but also decreased water content, swelling degree, and water vapor permeability compared to chitosan acetate film. Also, as was expected, the antioxidant activity assays showed that incorporation of ascorbate into the chitosan matrix effectively enhanced the scavenging activity against the DPPH radical and reducing power. Cs2Vc8 and Cs2Vc6 especially exhibited the strongest scavenging capacities against the DPPH radical (EC50 < 0.025 mg/mL). These findings offered a suggestion that the prepared chitosan ascorbate films can be applied as novel green oxidation-resistant materials in the food packaging industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqiang Tan
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Biology and Bioresource Utilization, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Yantai , Shandong 264003 , People's Republic of China
| | - Fang Dong
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Biology and Bioresource Utilization, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Yantai , Shandong 264003 , People's Republic of China
| | - Jingjing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Biology and Bioresource Utilization, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Yantai , Shandong 264003 , People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang Zhao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Yantai University , Yantai , Shandong 264005 , People's Republic of China
| | - Qing Li
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Biology and Bioresource Utilization, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Yantai , Shandong 264003 , People's Republic of China
| | - Zhanyong Guo
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Biology and Bioresource Utilization, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Yantai , Shandong 264003 , People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , People's Republic of China
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Zhu Z, Shi Z, Xie C, Gong W, Hu Z, Peng Y. A novel mechanism of Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) protecting human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) against H 2O 2-induced oxidative injury. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2019; 217:68-75. [PMID: 30500452 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2018.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Revised: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Vascular endothelial cell damage is related to many vascular diseases, including cardiovascular disease (CVD). Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play a vital role in the pathogenesis of many cardiovascular diseases. Herein, H2O2-induced human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) injury model was used to explore the mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of ROS-induced oxidative stress and cell dysfunction. Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), a naturally occurring four-carbon non-protein amino acid, has antioxidant activity and anti-inflammatory action. In the present study, we demonstrated that GABA could scavenge free radicals including DPPH and ABTS, reverse H2O2-induced suppression on HUVEC proliferation, HUVEC apoptosis and ROS formation via p65 signaling. Interestingly, GABA treatment alone did not cause significant changes in p65 phosphorylation, suggesting that GABA will not cause imbalance in NF-κB signaling and ROS formation without oxidative stress. Moreover, GABA also modulated Keap1-Nrf2 and Notch signaling pathways upon H2O2 stimulation, suggesting that GABA may exert its effect via multi mechanisms. In conclusion, the present study demonstrated that GABA inhibits H2O2-induced oxidative stress in HUVECs via inhibiting ROS-induced NF-κB and Caspase 3 pathway activation. GABA may, therefore, have potential as a pharmacological agent in the prevention or treatment of oxidative injury-related cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuohua Zhu
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China; Center for Southern Economic Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China
| | - Zhigang Shi
- Huayuan Tianle Fu Agriculture Technology Co. Ltd., China
| | - Chunliang Xie
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China; Center for Southern Economic Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China
| | - Wenbing Gong
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China; Center for Southern Economic Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China
| | - Zhenxiu Hu
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China; Center for Southern Economic Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China
| | - Yuande Peng
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China; Center for Southern Economic Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China.
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