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Gao Z, Zhang Z, Gu D, Li Y, Zhang K, Dong X, Liu L, Zhang J, Chen J, Wu D, Zeng M. Hemin mitigates contrast‐induced nephropathy by inhibiting ferroptosis via HO‐1/Nrf2/GPX4 pathway. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2022; 49:858-870. [PMID: 35598290 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.13673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Gao
- Medical and Healthcare Center, Hainan General Hospital, Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Ziyue Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Daqian Gu
- Department of Cardiology, 900 Hospital of The Joint Logistics Team, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Yunqian Li
- Medical and Healthcare Center, Hainan General Hospital, Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Kun Zhang
- Medical and Healthcare Center, Hainan General Hospital, Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Xiaoli Dong
- Department of Cardiology, Hainan General Hospital, Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Lingli Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Hainan General Hospital, Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Jiye Zhang
- Medical Laboratory, Liang Ping People's Hospital of Chongqing, Chongqing, China
| | - Jimin Chen
- Department of Pathology, Hainan General Hospital, Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Duozhi Wu
- Medical and Healthcare Center, Hainan General Hospital, Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Min Zeng
- Medical and Healthcare Center, Hainan General Hospital, Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China
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Zhang C, Zhang D, Wang H, Lin Q, Li M, Yuan J, Gao G, Dong J. Hyperbaric oxygen treatment improves pancreatic β‑cell function and hepatic gluconeogenesis in STZ‑induced type‑2 diabetes mellitus model mice. Mol Med Rep 2022; 25:90. [PMID: 35039874 PMCID: PMC8809048 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2022.12606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Type‑2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) causes several complications that affect the quality of life and life span of patients. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) has been used to successfully treat several diseases, including carbon monoxide poisoning, ischemia, infections and diabetic foot ulcer, and increases insulin sensitivity in T2DM. The present study aimed to determine the effect of HBOT on β‑cell function and hepatic gluconeogenesis in streptozotocin (STZ)‑induced type‑2 diabetic mice. To establish a T2DM model, 7‑week‑old male C57BL/6J mice were fed a high‑fat diet (HFD) and injected once daily with low‑dose STZ for 3 days after 1‑week HFD feeding. At the 14th week, HFD+HBOT and T2DM+HBOT groups received 1‑h HBOT (2 ATA; 100% pure O2) daily from 5:00 to 6:00 p.m. for 7 days. The HFD and T2DM groups were maintained under normobaric oxygen conditions and used as controls. During HBOT, the 12‑h nocturnal food intake and body weight were measured daily. Moreover, blood glucose was measured by using a tail vein prick and a glucometer. After the final HBO treatment, all mice were sacrificed to conduct molecular biology experiments. Fasting insulin levels of blood samples of sacrificed mice were measured by an ultrasensitive ELISA kit. Pancreas and liver tissues were stained with hematoxylin and eosin, while immunohistochemistry was performed to determine the effects of HBOT on insulin resistance. TUNEL was used to determine the effects of HBOT on β‑cell apoptosis, and immunoblotting was conducted to determine the β‑cell apoptosis pathway. HBOT notably reduced fasting blood glucose and improved insulin sensitivity in T2DM mice. After HBOT, β‑cell area and β‑cell mass in T2DM mice were significantly increased. HBOT significantly decreased the β‑cell apoptotic rate in T2DM mice via the pancreatic Bcl‑2/caspase‑3/poly(ADP‑ribose) polymerase (PARP) apoptosis pathway. Moreover, HBOT improved the morphology of the liver tissue and increased hepatic glycogen storage in T2DM mice. These findings suggested that HBOT ameliorated the insulin sensitivity of T2DM mice by decreasing the β‑cell apoptotic rate via the pancreatic Bcl‑2/caspase‑3/PARP apoptosis pathway.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Apoptosis/physiology
- Blood Glucose/metabolism
- Blotting, Western
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/blood
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/etiology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/blood
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/etiology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/metabolism
- Diet, High-Fat/adverse effects
- Disease Models, Animal
- Fasting/blood
- Gluconeogenesis/physiology
- Glucose Tolerance Test/methods
- Humans
- Hyperbaric Oxygenation/methods
- Insulin/blood
- Insulin-Secreting Cells/cytology
- Insulin-Secreting Cells/metabolism
- Liver/metabolism
- Male
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice
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Affiliation(s)
- Caishun Zhang
- Special Medicine Department, College of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, P.R. China
| | - Di Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Novel Pharmaceutical Excipients, Sustained and Controlled Release Preparations, College of Medicine and Nursing, Dezhou University, Dezhou, Shandong 253023, P.R. China
| | - Haidan Wang
- Special Medicine Department, College of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, P.R. China
| | - Qian Lin
- Special Medicine Department, College of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, P.R. China
| | - Manwen Li
- Special Medicine Department, College of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, P.R. China
| | - Junhua Yuan
- Special Medicine Department, College of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, P.R. China
| | - Guangkai Gao
- Special Medicine Department, College of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, P.R. China
- Department of Hyperbaric Medicine, No. 971 Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, P.R. China
| | - Jing Dong
- Special Medicine Department, College of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, P.R. China
- Physiology Department, College of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, P.R. China
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Tang S, Fang C, Liu Y, Tang L, Xu Y. Anti-obesity and Anti-diabetic Effect of Ursolic Acid against Streptozotocin/High Fat Induced Obese in Diabetic Rats. J Oleo Sci 2022; 71:289-300. [PMID: 35034940 DOI: 10.5650/jos.ess21258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is occurring due to continue taken high fat diet; this is the fast-growing problem reaching epidemic proportion globally. Ursolic acid altered the abnormal glucose metabolism in diabetic rats. In this experimental protocol, we examine ursolic acid (UA) anti-obesity effect against streptozotocin (STZ) and high-fat diet-induced obesity in rats. Orally administered the ursolic acid (2.5, 5 and 10 mg/kg) dose to the hyperglycemic rats for 8 weeks and estimated the blood glucose level at different time intervals. Biochemical, hepatic, lipid, renal and antioxidant parameters were estimated. Traf-4, Mapk-8, Traf-6 and genes such as Ins-1, ngn-3 and Pdx-1 mRNA expression were estimated using qRT-PCR to scrutinize the molecular mechanism in MAPK downstream JNK cascade and insulin pathway signalling pathways. Ursolic acid significantly (p<0.001) down-regulated the blood glucose level at dose dependent manner. Its also reduced the plasma insulin level, non-essential fatty acid and increased the level of adiponectin as compared to obese control group rats. Ursolic acid treated group rats reduced the level of total cholesterol and triglycerides. Ursolic-acid-treated rats have been shown to decrease oxidative stress in pancreatic tissue by restoring the free radical effect of scavenging, suppress the Traf-6, Mapk-8 and Traf-4 mRNA expression, enhance the expression of Pdx-1, Ins-1 and Ngn-3 and ensure the regeneration of pancreas β cells and therefore pancreas insulin. The current result suggested the anti-obese effect of ursolic acid against high fat diet (HFD) induced obese rats via alteration of insulin and JNK signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiguo Tang
- Department Endocrinology, Ninth People's Hospital of Chongqing
| | - Chao Fang
- Department Endocrinology, Ninth People's Hospital of Chongqing
| | - Yuting Liu
- Department Endocrinology, Ninth People's Hospital of Chongqing
| | - Lihua Tang
- Department Endocrinology, Ninth People's Hospital of Chongqing
| | - Yuanyi Xu
- Department Endocrinology, Ninth People's Hospital of Chongqing
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Koike M, Saito H, Kohno G, Takubo M, Watanabe K, Ishihara H. Effects of GLP-1RA and SGLT2i, Alone or in Combination, on Mouse Models of Type 2 Diabetes Representing Different Disease Stages. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111463. [PMID: 34768897 PMCID: PMC8583813 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1RA) and sodium-dependent glucose transporter 2 inhibitor (SGLT2i), in addition to lowering glucose, have pleiotropic effects on the heart, kidneys, and liver. These drugs have thus come into widespread use for treating type 2 diabetes (T2DM). However, mechanistic comparisons and effects of combining these drugs have not been adequately studied. Employing diet-induced obese (DIO) mice and db/db mice as models of the early and advanced stages of T2DM, we evaluated effects of single or combined use of liraglutide (a GLP-1RA) and ipragliflozin (a SGLT2i). Treatments with liraglutide and/or ipragliflozin for 28 days improved glycemic control and reduced hepatic lipid accumulation similarly in DIO mice. In contrast, in db/db mice, despite similar favorable effects on fatty liver, liraglutide exerted no beneficial effects on glycemic control. Improved glycemic control in db/db mice treated with ipragliflozin was accompanied by increased pancreatic β-cell area and insulin content, both of which tended to rise further when ipragliflozin was combined with liraglutide. Our data suggest that liraglutide is more efficient at an earlier stage and ipragliflozin can be effective in both stages. In addition, their combined use is a potential option for treating advanced stage diabetes with fatty liver disease.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Blood Glucose/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/drug therapy
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/etiology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/pathology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/drug therapy
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/etiology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/pathology
- Disease Models, Animal
- Drug Therapy, Combination
- Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor/agonists
- Glucosides/pharmacology
- Hypoglycemic Agents/pharmacology
- Insulin-Secreting Cells/drug effects
- Insulin-Secreting Cells/metabolism
- Insulin-Secreting Cells/pathology
- Liraglutide/pharmacology
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Obese
- Sodium-Glucose Transporter 2 Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Thiophenes/pharmacology
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Bódi N, Chandrakumar L, al Doghmi A, Mezei D, Szalai Z, Barta BP, Balázs J, Bagyánszki M. Intestinal Region-Specific and Layer-Dependent Induction of TNFα in Rats with Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetes and after Insulin Replacement. Cells 2021; 10:cells10092410. [PMID: 34572059 PMCID: PMC8466257 DOI: 10.3390/cells10092410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) is essential in neuroinflammatory modulation. Therefore, the goal of this study is to reveal the effects of chronic hyperglycaemia and insulin treatment on TNFα expression in different gut segments and intestinal wall layers. TNFα expression was mapped by fluorescent immunohistochemistry and quantitative immunogold electron microscopy in myenteric ganglia of duodenum, ileum and colon. Tissue TNFα levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays in muscle/myenteric plexus-containing (MUSCLE-MP) and mucosa/submucosa/submucous plexus-containing (MUC-SUBMUC-SP) homogenates. Increasing density of TNFα-labelling gold particles is observed in myenteric ganglia from proximal to distal segments and TNFα tissue levels are much more elevated in MUSCLE-MP homogenates than in MUC-SUBMUC-SP samples in healthy controls. In the diabetics, the number of TNFα gold labels is significantly increased in the duodenum, decreased in the colon and remained unchanged in the ileal ganglia, while insulin does not prevent these diabetes-related TNFα changes. TNFα tissue concentration is also increased in MUSCLE-MP homogenates of diabetic duodenum, while decreased in MUC-SUBMUC-SP samples of diabetic ileum and colon. These findings support that type 1 diabetes has region-specific and intestinal layer-dependent effects on TNFα expression, contributing to the regional damage of myenteric neurons and their intestinal milieu.
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Razzaq FA, Asif M, Asghar S, Iqbal MS, Khan IU, Khan SUD, Irfan M, Syed HK, Khames A, Mahmood H, Ibrahim AY, El Sisi AM. Glimepiride-Loaded Nanoemulgel; Development, In Vitro Characterization, Ex Vivo Permeation and In Vivo Antidiabetic Evaluation. Cells 2021; 10:cells10092404. [PMID: 34572054 PMCID: PMC8467883 DOI: 10.3390/cells10092404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Glimepiride (GMP), an oral hypoglycemic agent is extensively employed in the treatment of type 2 diabetes. Transdermal delivery of GMP has been widely investigated as a promising alternative to an oral approach but the delivery of GMP is hindered owing to its low solubility and permeation. The present study was designed to formulate topical nanoemulgel GMP system and previously reported solubility enhanced glimepiride (GMP/βCD/GEL-44/16) in combination with anti-diabetic oil to enhance the hypoglycemic effect. Nanoemulsions were developed using clove oil, Tween-80, and PEG-400 and were gelled using xanthan gum (3%, w/w) to achieve the final nanoemulgel formulations. All of the formulations were evaluated in terms of particle size, zeta potential, pH, conductivity, viscosity, and in vitro skin permeation studies. In vivo hypoglycemic activity of the optimized nanoemulgel formulations was evaluated using a streptozocin-induced diabetes model. It was found that a synergistic combination of GMP with clove oil improved the overall drug permeation across the skin membrane and the hypoglycemic activity of GMP. The results showed that GMP/βCD/GEL-44/16-loaded nanoemulgel enhanced the in vitro skin permeation and improved the hypoglycemic activity in comparison with pure and marketed GMP. It is suggested that topical nano emulsion-based GMP gel and GMP/βCD/GEL-44/16 could be an effective alternative for oral therapy in the treatment of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fizza Abdul Razzaq
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan; (F.A.R.); (S.A.); (I.U.K.); (M.I.); (H.M.)
| | - Muhammad Asif
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan;
| | - Sajid Asghar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan; (F.A.R.); (S.A.); (I.U.K.); (M.I.); (H.M.)
| | - Muhammad Shahid Iqbal
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Ikram Ullah Khan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan; (F.A.R.); (S.A.); (I.U.K.); (M.I.); (H.M.)
| | - Salah-Ud-Din Khan
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Imam Mohammad ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh 11432, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Muhammad Irfan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan; (F.A.R.); (S.A.); (I.U.K.); (M.I.); (H.M.)
| | - Haroon Khalid Syed
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan; (F.A.R.); (S.A.); (I.U.K.); (M.I.); (H.M.)
- Correspondence: or
| | - Ahmed Khames
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Hira Mahmood
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan; (F.A.R.); (S.A.); (I.U.K.); (M.I.); (H.M.)
| | - Asim Y. Ibrahim
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Omdurman Islamic University, P.O. Box 382, Omdurman 14415, Sudan;
| | - Amani M. El Sisi
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62521, Egypt;
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Abstract
BACKGROUND The number of patients with diabetes is increasing worldwide. Diabetic testicular damage can cause spermiogenesis disorders and sexual dysfunction. We thus explored the role of miRNAs in diabetic testicular damage, and revealed that they could serve as effective prevention and treatment therapeutic targets. METHODS Streptozotocin (STZ) was used to generate a rat model of type 2 diabetes. Rat testicular tissues were used for miRNA and mRNA sequencing. Through bioinformatics analysis, we constructed an miRNA-mRNA diabetic testicular damage regulatory network and screened for key miRNAs. We also used Leydig cells to generate a diabetic cell model and detected the downstream target genes of miRNAs, secretion of testosterone, and proliferation and apoptotic levels to elucidate the role and mechanism of the selected miRNAs in diabetic testicular damage. RESULTS Using second-generation sequencing, we identified 19 differentially expressed miRNAs and 555 mRNAs in the testes of diabetic rats. Based on computational prediction of targets and negative regulation relationships, we constructed a miRNA-mRNA regulatory network, including 12 miRNAs and 215 mRNAs. KEGG enrichment analysis revealed that genes were more concentrated on the survival signalling pathway. Based on this, we screened 2 key miRNAs, miR-504 and miR-935. In vitro, glucose could induce an increase in miR-504 and miR-935, whereas a decrease in MEK5 and MEF2C in a dose-dependent manner. Overexpression of miR-504 and miR-935 led to the decreased expression of MEK5 and MEF2C, decreased proliferation rate of Leydig cells, increased apoptotic rate, and decreased secretion of testosterone. Whereas, knockdown of miR-504 and miR-935 displayed opposite tendencies. CONCLUSIONS miRNAs play important roles in diabetic testicular damage. miR-504 and miR-935 might regulate testicular damage through the classic survival pathway of MEK5-ERK5-MEF2C. Targeted inhibition of miR-504 and miR-935 could reverse the high-glucose-induced testicular complications, thus posing as a potential therapeutic approach in diabetic testicular injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Hu
- Shenzhen University South China Hospital, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518111, People's Republic of China
- Department of Physiology, Shantou University of Medical College, Shantou, 515041, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaochai Wei
- Department of Physiology, Shantou University of Medical College, Shantou, 515041, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuqi Wu
- Department of Urology & Carson International Cancer Center, Shenzhen University General Hospital & Shenzhen University Clinical Medical Academy Center, Shenzhen University, NO.1098, Xueyuan Road, Shenzhen University City, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, 518055, People's Republic of China
| | - Shulin Li
- Department of Urology & Carson International Cancer Center, Shenzhen University General Hospital & Shenzhen University Clinical Medical Academy Center, Shenzhen University, NO.1098, Xueyuan Road, Shenzhen University City, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, 518055, People's Republic of China
| | - Pei Zhu
- Department of Urology & Carson International Cancer Center, Shenzhen University General Hospital & Shenzhen University Clinical Medical Academy Center, Shenzhen University, NO.1098, Xueyuan Road, Shenzhen University City, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, 518055, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiangwei Wang
- Department of Urology & Carson International Cancer Center, Shenzhen University General Hospital & Shenzhen University Clinical Medical Academy Center, Shenzhen University, NO.1098, Xueyuan Road, Shenzhen University City, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, 518055, People's Republic of China.
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Perry RA, Craig SL, Gault VA, Flatt PR, Irwin N. A novel neurotensin/xenin fusion peptide enhances β-cell function and exhibits antidiabetic efficacy in high-fat fed mice. Biosci Rep 2021; 41:BSR20211275. [PMID: 34370015 PMCID: PMC8390788 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20211275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurotensin and xenin possess antidiabetic potential, mediated in part through augmentation of incretin hormone, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP), action. In the present study, fragment peptides of neurotensin and xenin, acetyl-neurotensin and xenin-8-Gln, were fused together to create Ac-NT/XN-8-Gln. Following assessment of enzymatic stability, effects of Ac-NT/XN-8-Gln on in vitro β-cell function were studied. Subchronic antidiabetic efficacy of Ac-NT/XN-8-Gln alone, and in combination with the clinically approved GLP-1 receptor agonist exendin-4, was assessed in high-fat fed (HFF) mice. Ac-NT/XN-8-Gln was highly resistant to plasma enzyme degradation and induced dose-dependent insulin-releasing actions (P<0.05 to P<0.01) in BRIN-BD11 β-cells and isolated mouse islets. Ac-NT/XN-8-Gln augmented (P<0.001) the insulinotropic actions of GIP, while possessing independent β-cell proliferative (P<0.001) and anti-apoptotic (P<0.01) actions. Twice daily treatment of HFF mice with Ac-NT/XN-8-Gln for 32 days improved glycaemic control and circulating insulin, with benefits significantly enhanced by combined exendin-4 treatment. This was reflected by reduced body fat mass (P<0.001), improved circulating lipid profile (P<0.01) and reduced HbA1c concentrations (P<0.01) in the combined treatment group. Following an oral glucose challenge, glucose levels were markedly decreased (P<0.05) only in combination treatment group and superior to exendin-4 alone, with similar observations made in response to glucose plus GIP injection. The combined treatment group also presented with improved insulin sensitivity, decreased pancreatic insulin content as well as increased islet and β-cell areas. These data reveal that Ac-NT/XN-8-Gln is a biologically active neurotensin/xenin fusion peptide that displays prominent antidiabetic efficacy when administered together with exendin-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachele A. Perry
- Ulster University, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Diabetes Research Group, Coleraine, Northern Ireland, U.K
| | - Sarah. L. Craig
- Ulster University, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Diabetes Research Group, Coleraine, Northern Ireland, U.K
| | - Victor A. Gault
- Ulster University, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Diabetes Research Group, Coleraine, Northern Ireland, U.K
| | - Peter R. Flatt
- Ulster University, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Diabetes Research Group, Coleraine, Northern Ireland, U.K
| | - Nigel Irwin
- Ulster University, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Diabetes Research Group, Coleraine, Northern Ireland, U.K
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Liu J, Wu S, Cheng Y, Liu Q, Su L, Yang Y, Zhang X, Wu M, Choi JI, Tong H. Sargassum fusiforme Alginate Relieves Hyperglycemia and Modulates Intestinal Microbiota and Metabolites in Type 2 Diabetic Mice. Nutrients 2021; 13:2887. [PMID: 34445047 PMCID: PMC8398017 DOI: 10.3390/nu13082887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Sargassum fusiforme alginate (SF-Alg) possess many pharmacological activities, including hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic. However, the hypoglycemic mechanisms of SF-Alg remain unclear due to its low bioavailability. In this study, we evaluated the therapeutic effect of SF-Alg on high-fat diet (HFD)/streptozotocin (STZ)-induced type 2 diabetes (T2D) mice. SF-Alg intervention was found to significantly reduce fasting blood glucose (FBG), triglycerides (TG), and total cholesterol (TC), while increasing high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) and improving glucose tolerance. In addition, administrating SF-Alg to diabetic mice moderately attenuated pathological changes in adipose, hepatic, and heart tissues as well as skeletal muscle, and diminished oxidative stress. To probe the underlying mechanisms, we further analyzed the gut microbiota using 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing, as well as metabolites by non-targeted metabolomics. Here, SF-Alg significantly increased some benign bacteria (Lactobacillus, Bacteroides, Akkermansia Alloprevotella, Weissella and Enterorhabdus), and significantly decreased harmful bacteria (Turicibacter and Helicobacter). Meanwhile, SF-Alg dramatically decreased branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) and aromatic amino acids (AAAs) in the colon of T2D mice, suggesting a positive benefit of SF-Alg as an adjvant agent for T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Liu
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China; (J.L.); (S.W.); (Y.C.); (L.S.); (Y.Y.); (X.Z.); (M.W.)
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Korea
| | - Siya Wu
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China; (J.L.); (S.W.); (Y.C.); (L.S.); (Y.Y.); (X.Z.); (M.W.)
| | - Yang Cheng
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China; (J.L.); (S.W.); (Y.C.); (L.S.); (Y.Y.); (X.Z.); (M.W.)
| | - Qiuhui Liu
- Bestchrom (Shanghai) Biosciences Co., Ltd., Shanghai 200120, China;
| | - Laijin Su
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China; (J.L.); (S.W.); (Y.C.); (L.S.); (Y.Y.); (X.Z.); (M.W.)
| | - Yue Yang
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China; (J.L.); (S.W.); (Y.C.); (L.S.); (Y.Y.); (X.Z.); (M.W.)
| | - Xu Zhang
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China; (J.L.); (S.W.); (Y.C.); (L.S.); (Y.Y.); (X.Z.); (M.W.)
| | - Mingjiang Wu
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China; (J.L.); (S.W.); (Y.C.); (L.S.); (Y.Y.); (X.Z.); (M.W.)
| | - Jong-il Choi
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Korea
| | - Haibin Tong
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China; (J.L.); (S.W.); (Y.C.); (L.S.); (Y.Y.); (X.Z.); (M.W.)
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10
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Abstract
This study investigates the alcoholic extract effect of Alhagi camelorum on blood glucose and lipid profiles in diabetic rats made by streptozotocin (STZ). Male rats were divided into four groups. The control group received a normal diet. The diabetic group was induced by STZ and two diabetic experimental groups received alcoholic extracts of A. camelorum at a dose of 200 and 300 mg/kg by means of gavage, respectively. Blood samples were collected on 21st from all the groups. Findings show that there is a significant increase in the level of fasting blood sugar and lipid profiles in diabetic group when the results compared to the control group (p < .05). The same factors showed a drop in groups receiving extract. The levels of insulin and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) were increased in groups that received alcoholic extract. Results indicate that alcoholic extract of A. camelorum decreases the rate of hyperglycaemia and hyperlipidaemia associated with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Nabiyouni
- Department of Biology, Damghan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Semnan, Iran
| | - Gholamhasan Vaezi
- Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
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11
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Jog R, Chen G, Wang J, Leff T. Hormonal regulation of glycine decarboxylase and its relationship to oxidative stress. Physiol Rep 2021; 9:e14991. [PMID: 34342168 PMCID: PMC8329434 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.14991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
In both humans and rodent models, circulating glycine levels are significantly reduced in obesity, glucose intolerance, type II diabetes, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. The glycine cleavage system and its rate-limiting enzyme, glycine decarboxylase (GLDC), is a major determinant of plasma glycine levels. The goals of this study were to determine if the increased expression of GLDC contributes to the reduced plasma glycine levels seen in disease states, to characterize the hormonal regulation of GLDC gene expression, and to determine if altered GLDC expression has physiological effects that might affect the development of diabetes. The findings presented here show that hepatic GLDC gene expression is elevated in mouse models of obesity and diabetes, as well as by fasting. We demonstrated that GLDC gene expression is strongly regulated by the metabolic hormones glucagon and insulin, and we identified the signaling pathways involved in this regulation. Finally, we found that GLDC expression is linked to glutathione levels, with increased expression associated with elevated levels of glutathione and reduced expression associated with a suppression of glutathione and increased cellular ROS levels. These findings suggest that the hormonal regulation of GLDC contributes not only to the changes in circulating glycine levels seen in metabolic disease, but also affects glutathione production, possibly as a defense against metabolic disease-associated oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruta Jog
- Department of PathologyCenter for Integrative Endocrine and Metabolic ResearchWayne State University School of MedicineDetroitMIUSA
| | - Guohua Chen
- Department of PathologyCenter for Integrative Endocrine and Metabolic ResearchWayne State University School of MedicineDetroitMIUSA
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of PathologyCenter for Integrative Endocrine and Metabolic ResearchWayne State University School of MedicineDetroitMIUSA
| | - Todd Leff
- Department of PathologyCenter for Integrative Endocrine and Metabolic ResearchWayne State University School of MedicineDetroitMIUSA
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12
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Kalaivani K, Sankaranarayanan C. Modulatory effect of isopulegol on hepatic key enzymes of glucose metabolism in high-fat diet/streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Arch Physiol Biochem 2021; 127:318-326. [PMID: 31291130 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2019.1638415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
To investigate the antidiabetic effect of isopulegol in high-fat diet (HFD)/streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Animals were made diabetic by feeding HFD for 4 weeks followed by single intraperitoneal injection of STZ (35 mg/kg b.w.; 0.1 M citrate buffer; pH 4.0). Plasma insulin, haemoglobin and glycogen content were decreased while increased glucose and glycated haemoglobin were observed in diabetic rats. An increase in glucose-6-phosphatase, fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase, phosphoenol pyruvate carboxykinase with a decrease in hexokinase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and glycogen synthase activities was observed in diabetic rats. The expression of cyclic response element binding protein (CREB) was increased in the hepatic tissue of diabetic rats. Isopulegol dose dependently (50, 100 and 200 mg/kg b.w.) improved insulin secretion, glucose tolerance and decreased glucose levels in diabetic-treated rats. At the effective dose of 100 mg/kg b.w., isopulegol restored the activities of metabolic enzymes and down-regulated CREB expression. Thus, isopulegol restored glucose homeostasis through its insulinotrophic property.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karunanithi Kalaivani
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar, Tamil Nadu, India
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13
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Yoshioka N, Tanaka M, Ochi K, Watanabe A, Ono K, Sawada M, Ogi T, Itoh M, Ito A, Shiraki Y, Enomoto A, Ishigami M, Fujishiro M, Ogawa Y, Suganami T. The sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitor Tofogliflozin prevents the progression of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis-associated liver tumors in a novel murine model. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 140:111738. [PMID: 34029949 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes and obesity contribute to the pathogenesis of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, how diabetes and obesity accelerate liver tumorigenesis remains to be fully understood. Moreover, to verify the therapeutic potential of anti-diabetic drugs, there exists a strong need for appropriate animal models that recapitulate human pathophysiology of NASH and HCC. METHODS We established a novel murine model of NASH-associated liver tumors using genetically obese melanocortin 4 receptor-deficient mice fed on Western diet in combination with a chemical procarcinogen, and verified the validity of our model in evaluating drug efficacy. FINDINGS Our model developed multiple liver tumors together with obesity, diabetes, and NASH within a relatively short period (approximately 3 months). In this model, sodium glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor Tofogliflozin prevented the development of NASH-like liver phenotypes and the progression of liver tumors. Tofogliflozin attenuated p21 expression of hepatocytes in non-tumorous lesions in the liver. INTERPRETATION Tofogliflozin treatment attenuates cellular senescence of hepatocytes under obese and diabetic conditions. This study provides a unique animal model of NASH-associated liver tumors, which is applicable for assessing drug efficacy to prevent or treat NASH-associated HCC.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Benzhydryl Compounds/pharmacology
- Benzhydryl Compounds/therapeutic use
- Blood Glucose/analysis
- Cellular Senescence/drug effects
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/blood
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/drug therapy
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/etiology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/pathology
- Diet, Western
- Disease Models, Animal
- Disease Progression
- Glucosides/pharmacology
- Glucosides/therapeutic use
- Hepatocytes/drug effects
- Insulin/blood
- Liver/drug effects
- Liver/pathology
- Liver Neoplasms/blood
- Liver Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Liver Neoplasms/etiology
- Liver Neoplasms/pathology
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease/blood
- Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease/complications
- Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease/drug therapy
- Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease/pathology
- Obesity/blood
- Obesity/complications
- Obesity/drug therapy
- Obesity/pathology
- Receptor, Melanocortin, Type 4/genetics
- Sodium-Glucose Transporter 2 Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Sodium-Glucose Transporter 2 Inhibitors/therapeutic use
- Mice
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Yoshioka
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Metabolism, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan; Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Miyako Tanaka
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Metabolism, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan; Department of Immunometabolism, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.
| | - Kozue Ochi
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Metabolism, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Akiko Watanabe
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Metabolism, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kenji Ono
- Department of Brain Function, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan; Department of Molecular Pharmacokinetics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Makoto Sawada
- Department of Brain Function, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan; Department of Molecular Pharmacokinetics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Tomoo Ogi
- Department of Genetics, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan; Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Michiko Itoh
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Metabolism, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan; Kanagawa Institute of Industrial Science and Technology, Ebina, Japan
| | - Ayaka Ito
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Metabolism, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan; Department of Immunometabolism, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Shiraki
- Department of Pathology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Atsushi Enomoto
- Department of Pathology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Ishigami
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Fujishiro
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Ogawa
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Metabolism, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan; Department of Medicine and Bioregulatory Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takayoshi Suganami
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Metabolism, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan; Department of Immunometabolism, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.
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14
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Hsieh PS, Ho HH, Tsao SP, Hsieh SH, Lin WY, Chen JF, Kuo YW, Tsai SY, Huang HY. Multi-strain probiotic supplement attenuates streptozotocin-induced type-2 diabetes by reducing inflammation and β-cell death in rats. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0251646. [PMID: 34166387 PMCID: PMC8224959 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0251646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Probiotics are health beneficial bacterial populations colonizing the human gut and skin. Probiotics are believed to be involved in immune system regulation, gut microbiota stabilization, prevention of infectious diseases, and adjustments of host metabolic activities. Probiotics such as Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium affect glycemic levels, blood lipids, and protein metabolism. However, the interactions between probiotics and metabolic diseases as well as the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. We used streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic animal models to study the effect of ProbiogluTM, a multi-strain probiotic supplement including Lactobaccilus salivarius subsp. salicinius AP-32, L. johnsonii MH-68, L. reuteri GL-104, and Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis CP-9, on the regulation of physiochemical parameters related to type-2 diabetes. Experimental rats were randomly assigned into five groups, control group, streptozotocin (STZ)-treated rats (STZ group), STZ + 1× ProbiogluTM group, STZ + 5× ProbiogluTM group, and STZ + 10× ProbiogluTM group, and physiological data were measured at weeks 0, 2, 4, 6, and 8. Our results indicate that supplementation with ProbiogluTM significantly improved glucose tolerance, glycemic levels, insulin levels, and insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). Furthermore, we observed reduction in urea and blood lipid levels, including low-density lipoprotein (LDL), triglycerides (TG), and total cholesterol (TC). ProbiogluTM administration increased the β-cell mass in STZ-induced diabetic animal models, whereas it reduced the levels of proinflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β. In addition, the enhancement of oxidative stress biomarkers and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities was associated with a decrease in malondialdehyde (MDA) levels. We conclude that ProbiogluTM attenuates STZ-induced type-2 diabetes by protecting β-cells, stabilizing glycemic levels, and reducing inflammation. Among all probiotic treating groups, the 10×ProbiogluTM treatment revealed the best results. However, these experimental results still need to be validated by different animal models of type-2 diabetes and human clinical trials in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Shan Hsieh
- Functional Research Division, Department of Research and Design, Bioflag Biotech Co., Ltd., Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Hsieh-Hsun Ho
- Functional Research Division, Department of Research and Design, Bioflag Biotech Co., Ltd., Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Shu Ping Tsao
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development Industry, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Hung Hsieh
- Functional Research Division, Department of Research and Design, Bioflag Biotech Co., Ltd., Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Yang Lin
- Functional Research Division, Department of Research and Design, Bioflag Biotech Co., Ltd., Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Jui-Fen Chen
- Functional Research Division, Department of Research and Design, Bioflag Biotech Co., Ltd., Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Wei Kuo
- Functional Research Division, Department of Research and Design, Bioflag Biotech Co., Ltd., Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Shin-Yu Tsai
- Product Division, Department of Research and Design Bioflag Biotech Co., Ltd., Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Yu Huang
- Graduate Institute of Metabolism and Obesity Sciences, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- * E-mail:
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15
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Abstract
Diabetic pregnancies are cleary associated with maternal type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome as well as atherosclerotic diseases in the offspring. The global prevalence of hyperglycemia in pregnancy was estimated as 15.8% of live births to women in 2019, with an upward trend. Numerous parental risk factors as well as trans-generational mechanisms targeting the utero-placental system, leading to diabetes, dysmetabolic and atherosclerotic conditions in the next generation, seem to be involved within this pathophysiological context. To focus on the predictable impact of trans-generational diabetic programming, we studied age- and gender-matched offspring of diabetic and nondiabetic mothers. The offspring generation consists of three groups: C57BL/6-J-Ins2Akita (positive control group), wild-type C57BL/6-J-Ins2Akita (experimental group), and C57BL/6-J mice (negative control group). We undertook intraperitoneal glucose tolerance tests at 3 and 11 weeks of age. Moreover, this in vivo model was complemented by a corresponding in silico model. Although at 3 weeks of age, no significant effects could be observed, we could demonstrate at 11 weeks of age characteristic and significant differences in relation to maternal diabetic imprinting based on the in silico model-based predictors. These predictors allow the generation of a concise classification tree assigning maternal diabetic imprinting correctly in 91% of study cases. Our data show that hyperglycemic in utero milieu contributes to trans-generational diabetic programming leading to impaired glucose tolerance in the offspring of diabetic mothers early on. These observations can be clearly and early distinguished from genetically determined diabetes, for example, type 1 diabetes, in which basal glucose values are significantly raised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Eberle
- Hochschule Fulda - University of Applied Sciences, Medicine with Specialization in Internal Medicine and General Medicine, 36037Fulda, Germany
- Diabetes Center and Department of Internal Medicine IV of the Ludwig-Maximilians University of Munich (LMU), 80336München, Germany
| | - Christoph Ament
- Chair of Control Engineering, University Augsburg, 86159Augsburg, Germany
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16
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Bahramsoltani R, Farzaei MH, Sajadimajd S, Iranpanah A, Khazaei M, Pourjabar Z, Hajimahmoodi M, Rahimi R. In vitro and in vivo antidiabetic activity of Tamarix stricta Boiss.: Role of autophagy. J Ethnopharmacol 2021; 269:113692. [PMID: 33321187 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) is a complicated metabolic disorder with no definite treatment. Different species of the genus Tamarix (tamarisk) are used by local people to treat DM. Tamarix stricta Boiss. is an endemic species to Iran with several traditional therapeutic uses in Persian Medicine. This study aimed to assess the antidiabetic activity of T. stricta. MATERIALS AND METHODS Hydroethanolic extract of the plant was prepared and analyzed by High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The protective effect of the extract was evaluated in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced toxicity and markers of autophagy in pancreatic RIN-5F cells. The effect of intragastric 10 or 20 mg/kg of the extract was compared with negative control (water) or positive control (metformin) treatment during four weeks of administration in high-fat diet + STZ-induced DM in Balb/c mice. RESULTS Results showed the presence of 8.436 mg of gallic acid in each gram of the extract. A significant cytoprotective effect was observed by T. stricta in STZ-induced toxicity in RIN-5F cells, partially due to the modulation of autophagy. Also, animals treated with the extract showed a significant improvement in glycemic and lipid profiles, liver function, and histopathologic features of pancreas and liver compared with the negative control. CONCLUSION T. stricta demonstrated beneficial effects in animal model of DM; though, further studies are recommended to confirm the clinical use of this plant in DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roodabeh Bahramsoltani
- Department of Traditional Pharmacy, School of Persian Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; PhytoPharmacology Interest Group (PPIG), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Hosein Farzaei
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran; Medical Biology Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
| | - Soraya Sajadimajd
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran.
| | - Amin Iranpanah
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran; Student Research Committee, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
| | - Mozafar Khazaei
- Fertility and Infertility Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
| | - Zeinab Pourjabar
- Drug and Food Control Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, and Food and Drug Administration, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mannan Hajimahmoodi
- Drug and Food Control Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, and Food and Drug Administration, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Roja Rahimi
- Department of Traditional Pharmacy, School of Persian Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; PhytoPharmacology Interest Group (PPIG), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran.
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17
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Dahdah N, Gonzalez-Franquesa A, Samino S, Gama-Perez P, Herrero L, Perales JC, Yanes O, Malagón MDM, Garcia-Roves PM. Effects of Lifestyle Intervention in Tissue-Specific Lipidomic Profile of Formerly Obese Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:3694. [PMID: 33916315 PMCID: PMC8037078 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipids are highly diverse in their composition, properties and distribution in different biological entities. We aim to establish the lipidomes of several insulin-sensitive tissues and to test their plasticity when divergent feeding regimens and lifestyles are imposed. Here, we report a proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) study of lipid abundance across 4 tissues of C57Bl6J male mice that includes the changes in the lipid profile after every lifestyle intervention. Every tissue analysed presented a specific lipid profile irrespective of interventions. Glycerolipids and fatty acids were most abundant in epididymal white adipose tissue (eWAT) followed by liver, whereas sterol lipids and phosphoglycerolipids were highly enriched in hypothalamus, and gastrocnemius had the lowest content in all lipid species compared to the other tissues. Both when subjected to a high-fat diet (HFD) and after a subsequent lifestyle intervention (INT), the lipidome of hypothalamus showed no changes. Gastrocnemius and liver revealed a pattern of increase in content in many lipid species after HFD followed by a regression to basal levels after INT, while eWAT lipidome was affected mainly by the fat composition of the administered diets and not their caloric density. Thus, the present study demonstrates a unique lipidome for each tissue modulated by caloric intake and dietary composition.
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MESH Headings
- Adipose Tissue, White/metabolism
- Animals
- Caloric Restriction
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/etiology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/etiology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/metabolism
- Diet, High-Fat/adverse effects
- Disease Models, Animal
- Healthy Lifestyle
- Hypothalamus/metabolism
- Lipidomics
- Liver/metabolism
- Male
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Muscle, Skeletal/metabolism
- Obesity/complications
- Obesity/diet therapy
- Obesity/metabolism
- Physical Conditioning, Animal
- Mice
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Affiliation(s)
- Norma Dahdah
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Universitat de Barcelona, 08907 Barcelona, Spain; (A.G.-F.); (P.G.-P.); (J.C.P.)
| | - Alba Gonzalez-Franquesa
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Universitat de Barcelona, 08907 Barcelona, Spain; (A.G.-F.); (P.G.-P.); (J.C.P.)
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sara Samino
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Department of Electronic Engineering & IISPV, 43004 Tarragona, Spain; (S.S.); (O.Y.)
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Pau Gama-Perez
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Universitat de Barcelona, 08907 Barcelona, Spain; (A.G.-F.); (P.G.-P.); (J.C.P.)
| | - Laura Herrero
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain;
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain;
| | - José Carlos Perales
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Universitat de Barcelona, 08907 Barcelona, Spain; (A.G.-F.); (P.G.-P.); (J.C.P.)
- Nutrition, Metabolism and Gene Therapy Group, Diabetes and Metabolism Program, Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), 08908 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Oscar Yanes
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Department of Electronic Engineering & IISPV, 43004 Tarragona, Spain; (S.S.); (O.Y.)
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria Del Mar Malagón
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain;
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, IMIBIC, Reina Sofía University Hospital, University of Córdoba, 14004 Cordoba, Spain
| | - Pablo Miguel Garcia-Roves
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Universitat de Barcelona, 08907 Barcelona, Spain; (A.G.-F.); (P.G.-P.); (J.C.P.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain;
- Nutrition, Metabolism and Gene Therapy Group, Diabetes and Metabolism Program, Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), 08908 Barcelona, Spain
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18
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Tebboub I, Kechrid Z. Effect of curcuma on zinc, lipid profile and antioxidants levels in blood and tissue of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats fed zinc deficiency diet. Arch Physiol Biochem 2021; 127:162-169. [PMID: 31215830 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2019.1623820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Due to the importance of zinc as an antioxidant and its crucial role in insulin synthesis, its deficiency may affect adversely diabetic state. So, this study aimed to modulate these effects using Curcuma longa as natural antioxidant. Rats were divided into four groups: two groups fed a zinc sufficient diet one non-diabetic and the other diabetic, while the others two groups diabetic rats fed a zinc-deficient diet, one non-treated group and the other treated with curcuma 1% diet. After four weeks of dietary manipulation, fasting animals were scarified. Zinc deficiency decreased body weight, insulin, zinc tissues, alkaline phosphatase, reduced glutathione, glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase and catalase. Conversely glucose, lipids profile, transaminases and malondialdehyde were increased. However, the above-mentioned parameters were significantly improved following curcuma supplementation. So it seems that curcuma is a potent factor for reducing the oxidative severity of zinc deficiency in experimental diabetes through its antioxidants actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imene Tebboub
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Laboratory of Applied Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Annaba, Annaba, Algeria
| | - Zine Kechrid
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Laboratory of Applied Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Annaba, Annaba, Algeria
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Boonphang O, Ontawong A, Pasachan T, Phatsara M, Duangjai A, Amornlerdpison D, Jinakote M, Srimaroeng C. Antidiabetic and Renoprotective Effects of Coffea arabica Pulp Aqueous Extract through Preserving Organic Cation Transport System Mediated Oxidative Stress Pathway in Experimental Type 2 Diabetic Rats. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26071907. [PMID: 33800673 PMCID: PMC8037495 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26071907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Coffea arabica pulp (CP) is a by-product of coffee processing. CP contains polyphenols that have exhibited beneficial effects, including antioxidant and lipid-lowering effects, as well as enhanced insulin sensitivity, in in vitro and in vivo models. How polyphenols, as found in CP aqueous extract (CPE), affect type 2 diabetes (T2D) has not been investigated. Thus, the present study examined the potential antidiabetic, antioxidant, and renoprotective effects of CPE-rich polyphenols, using an experimental model of T2D in rats induced by a high-fat diet and a single low dose of streptozotocin. The T2D rats received either 1000 mg/kg body weight (BW) of CPE, 30 mg/kg BW of metformin (Met), or a combination treatment (CPE + Met) for 3 months. Plasma parameters, kidney morphology and function, and renal organic transport were determined. Significant hyperglycemia, hypertriglyceridemia, insulin resistance, increased renal lipid content and lipid peroxidation, and morphological kidney changes related to T2D were restored by both CPE and CPE + Met treatments. Additionally, the renal uptake of organic cation, 3H-1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+), was reduced in T2D, while transport was restored by CPE and CPE + Met, through an up-regulation of antioxidant genes and protein kinase Cα deactivation. Thus, CPE has antidiabetic and antioxidant effects that potentially ameliorate kidney function in T2D by preserving renal organic cation transport through an oxidative stress pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oranit Boonphang
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (O.B.); (T.P.)
| | - Atcharaporn Ontawong
- Division of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Phayao, Phayao 56000, Thailand; (A.O.); (A.D.)
| | - Tipthida Pasachan
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (O.B.); (T.P.)
| | - Manussabhorn Phatsara
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;
| | - Acharaporn Duangjai
- Division of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Phayao, Phayao 56000, Thailand; (A.O.); (A.D.)
| | - Doungporn Amornlerdpison
- Centre of Excellence in Agricultural Innovation for Graduate Entrepreneur and Faculty of Fisheries Technology and Aquatic Resources, Maejo University, Chiang Mai 50290, Thailand;
| | - Metee Jinakote
- School of Human Kinetics and Health, Faculty of Health Science Technology, HRH Princess Chulabhorn College of Medical Science, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok 10210, Thailand;
| | - Chutima Srimaroeng
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (O.B.); (T.P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +66-53-935-362; Fax: +66-53-935-365
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McKimpson WM, Chen Y, Irving JA, Zheng M, Weinberger J, Tan WLW, Tiang Z, Jagger AM, Chua SC, Pessin JE, Foo RSY, Lomas DA, Kitsis RN. Conversion of the death inhibitor ARC to a killer activates pancreatic β cell death in diabetes. Dev Cell 2021; 56:747-760.e6. [PMID: 33667344 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2021.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Loss of insulin-secreting pancreatic β cells through apoptosis contributes to the progression of type 2 diabetes, but underlying mechanisms remain elusive. Here, we identify a pathway in which the cell death inhibitor ARC paradoxically becomes a killer during diabetes. While cytoplasmic ARC maintains β cell viability and pancreatic architecture, a pool of ARC relocates to the nucleus to induce β cell apoptosis in humans with diabetes and several pathophysiologically distinct mouse models. β cell death results through the coordinate downregulation of serpins (serine protease inhibitors) not previously known to be synthesized and secreted by β cells. Loss of the serpin α1-antitrypsin from the extracellular space unleashes elastase, triggering the disruption of β cell anchorage and subsequent cell death. Administration of α1-antitrypsin to mice with diabetes prevents β cell death and metabolic abnormalities. These data uncover a pathway for β cell loss in type 2 diabetes and identify an FDA-approved drug that may impede progression of this syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendy M McKimpson
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA; Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Yun Chen
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA; Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - James A Irving
- UCL Respiratory Medicine, University College London, London WC1E 6BN, UK; Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology/Birkbeck, University of London, London WC1E 7HX, UK
| | - Min Zheng
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA; Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Jeremy Weinberger
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA; Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Wilson Lek Wen Tan
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, National University Health Systems, Singapore, Singapore; Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Zenia Tiang
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, National University Health Systems, Singapore, Singapore; Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Alistair M Jagger
- UCL Respiratory Medicine, University College London, London WC1E 6BN, UK; Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology/Birkbeck, University of London, London WC1E 7HX, UK
| | - Streamson C Chua
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA; Einstein-Mount Sinai Diabetes Research Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Jeffrey E Pessin
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA; Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA; Einstein-Mount Sinai Diabetes Research Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Roger S-Y Foo
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, National University Health Systems, Singapore, Singapore; Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - David A Lomas
- UCL Respiratory Medicine, University College London, London WC1E 6BN, UK; Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology/Birkbeck, University of London, London WC1E 7HX, UK
| | - Richard N Kitsis
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA; Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA; Einstein-Mount Sinai Diabetes Research Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA; Albert Einstein Cancer Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA.
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21
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Ji S, Zhu C, Gao S, Shao X, Chen X, Zhang H, Tang D. Morus alba leaves ethanol extract protects pancreatic islet cells against dysfunction and death by inducing autophagy in type 2 diabetes. Phytomedicine 2021; 83:153478. [PMID: 33567371 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2021.153478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Protection of pancreatic islet cells against dysfunction or death by regulating autophagy is considered to be an effective method for treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Morus alba leaves (mulberry leaves), a popular herbal medicine, have been used for prevention of T2DM since ancient times. PURPOSE This study aimed to clarify whether Morus alba leaves ethanol extract (MLE) could protect islet cells in vivo and in vitro by regulating autophagy in T2DM, and explore the possible mechanism of action. METHODS The main chemical constituents in MLE were analyzed by HPLC. The T2DM rat model was induced via high-fat diet combined with peritoneal injection of low-dose streptozotocin, and MLE was administered by oral gavage. Fasting blood glucose (FBG) and plasma insulin were measured, and homeostatic model assessment of β cell function (HOMA-β) and insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) were determined. The histomorphology of pancreas islets was evaluated by haematoxylin and eosin staining. In palmitic acid (PA)-stressed INS-1 rat insulinoma cells, cell viability was assayed by an MTT method. Expression of the autophagy-related proteins LC3 I/II, p62, p-AMPK and p-mTOR in islet tissues and INS-1 cells was evaluated by western blotting or immunohistochemistry analysis. RESULTS The four main chemical constituents in MLE were identified as chlorogenic acid, rutin, isoquercitrin and quercitrin. MLE ameliorated hyperglycemia, insulin resistance and dyslipidemia of T2DM rats with prominent therapeutic effect. Further study indicated that MLE observably improved islet function, alleviated islet injury of T2DM rats, and inhibited PA-induced INS-1 cell death. On the other hand, MLE significantly induced autophagy in islet cells both in vivo and in vitro, and autophagy inhibitors abolished its therapeutic effect on T2DM rats and protective effect on islet cells. Apart from this, MLE markedly activated the AMPK/mTOR pathway in INS-1 cells, and the AMPK inhibitor prevented the autophagy induction ability of MLE. CONCLUSION Together, MLE could protect islet cells against dysfunction and death by inducing AMPK/mTOR-mediated autophagy in T2DM, and these findings provide a new perspective for understanding the treatment mechanism of Morus alba leaves against T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Ji
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China.
| | - Cuicui Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China
| | - Shikai Gao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China
| | - Xian Shao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China
| | - Xiaofei Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China
| | - Daoquan Tang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China.
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Fu Y, Yin R, Guo E, Cheng R, Diao X, Xue Y, Shen Q. Protein Isolates from Raw and Cooked Foxtail Millet Attenuate Development of Type 2 Diabetes in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Mice. Mol Nutr Food Res 2021; 65:e2000365. [PMID: 33480470 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202000365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
SCOPE Millet protein has received much attention due to its beneficial role in alleviating metabolic disease symptoms. This study aims to investigate the role and molecular mechanism of foxtail millet protein isolates, including protein isolates from raw and cooked foxtail millet in alleviating diabetes, including gut microbiota and intracellular signal pathways. METHODS AND RESULTS Protein isolates from raw and cooked foxtail millet are orally administered to streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic mice for 5 weeks before hypoglycemic effect evaluation. The results show that foxtail millet protein isolates improve glucose intolerance and insulin resistance in diabetic mice. However, only the protein isolate from cooked foxtail millet reverse the weight loss trend and alleviate lipid disorders in diabetic mice. Besides, 16S rRNA sequencing show that both raw and cooked foxtail millet protein isolates altered diabetes-induced gut dysbiosis. In addition, western blotting analysis indicated that the protein isolate from cooked foxtail millet increases the expression levels of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R), phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), and phosphoinositide-protein kinase B (p-AKT)/AKT while the protein isolate from raw foxtail millet downregulates stearoyl-coenzyme A desaturase 1 (SCD1) level. CONCLUSION Both raw and cooked foxtail millet protein isolates can exert hypoglycemic effects in diabetic mice through rewiring glucose homeostasis, mitigating diabetes-induced gut dysbiosis, and affecting the GLP-1R/PI3K/AKT pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongxia Fu
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
- National Engineering Research Centre for Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Beijing, 100083, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Protein and Grain processing, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Ruiyang Yin
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
- National Engineering Research Centre for Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Beijing, 100083, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Protein and Grain processing, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Erhu Guo
- Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Research Institute of Millet, Taiyuan, 030031, China
| | - Ruhong Cheng
- Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Research Institute of Millet, Shijiazhuang, 050035, China
| | - Xianmin Diao
- Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Institute of Crop Science, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yong Xue
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
- National Engineering Research Centre for Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Beijing, 100083, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Protein and Grain processing, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Qun Shen
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
- National Engineering Research Centre for Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Beijing, 100083, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Protein and Grain processing, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
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23
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Ajiboye BO, Oyinloye BE, Owero-Ozeze OS, Okesola MA, Ekakitie IL, Ojo OA, Kappo AP. Aqueous extract of Solanum macrocarpon Linn leaves abates hyperglycaemia and expression of glucose transporters gene in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. J Endocrinol Invest 2021; 44:265-276. [PMID: 32504457 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-020-01280-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE In this study, antihyperglycaemic and level of gene expression of glucose transporters in alloxan-induced diabetic rats administered aqueous extract of S. macrocarpon leaves were assessed. METHOD AND RESULTS Diabetes was induced by a single intraperitoneal (I.P) injection of freshly prepared alloxan. The animals were divided into six groups, euthanized on the fourteenth day of the experiment and different hyperglycaemic parameters were evaluated. Administration of different doses of the plant extract significantly (p < 0.05) reduced the fasting blood glucose level, glycated haemoglobin, serum lipid profiles, lipid peroxidation, and glucose-6-phosphatase. There was a significant (p < 0.05) increase in liver glycogen content, antioxidant enzyme activities, hexokinase activity, and expression of glucose transporter genes (GLUT-2 and GLUT-4) in diabetic rats administered different doses of S. macrocarpon. CONCLUSION It can be concluded that the aqueous extract of S. macrocarpon leaves could be helpful in the management of diabetes mellitus and its metabolic complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- B O Ajiboye
- Phytomedicine, Biochemical Toxicology and Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, College of Sciences, Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria.
| | - B E Oyinloye
- Phytomedicine, Biochemical Toxicology and Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, College of Sciences, Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria
- Biotechnology and Structural Biology (BSB) Group, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Zululand, KwaDlangezwa, 3886, South Africa
| | - O S Owero-Ozeze
- Phytomedicine, Biochemical Toxicology and Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, College of Sciences, Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria
| | - M A Okesola
- Department of Biochemistry, Covenant University, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - I L Ekakitie
- Phytomedicine, Biochemical Toxicology and Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, College of Sciences, Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria
| | - O A Ojo
- Phytomedicine, Biochemical Toxicology and Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, College of Sciences, Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria
- Department of Biochemistry, Landmark University, Omu-Aran, Kwara State, Nigeria
| | - A P Kappo
- Molecular Biophysics and Structural Biology Group, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa
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E Gugun D, Handayani SI, Tanuarja B, Nurbaya S, Prasasty VD, Sahar N. Effect of Annona muricata Leaf Extract Towards the Sertoli Cells on Alloxan-Induced Mice. Pak J Biol Sci 2021; 24:1316-1321. [PMID: 34989208 DOI: 10.3923/pjbs.2021.1316.1321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
<b>Background and Objective:</b> Prolonged and uncontrolled hyperglycemia in diabetes mellitus can increase the production of reactive oxygen and enhance the risk of male infertility by reducing the number of Sertoli cells. This study aimed to investigate the potential effect of Ethanol Extract of <i>Annona muricata </i>leaf (EEAL) on the amount of Sertoli cells in alloxan-induced mice antioxidant to prevent reducing the number of Sertoli cells. <b>Materials and Methods:</b> The samples used for this study are 30 alloxan-induced Swiss Webster mice divided into a negative control group, a positive control group (glibenclamide 0.65 mg kg<sup>1</sup>) and three plant extract groups (EEAL 150, 300 and 600 mg kg<sup>1</sup>). Every solution was given every day for 14 days. Histological examination using HE-stained preparations was performed on 40x magnification to evaluate many Sertoli cells counted using Image J software. <b>Results:</b> three EEAL groups of 150, 300 and 600 mg kg<sup>1</sup> have significant effects (p<0.05) to increase the amounts of Sertoli cells compared to a negative control group. In contrast, it does not significantly affect the amounts of Sertoli cells than the positive control group. <b>Conclusion:</b> The administration of <i>A. muricata</i> leaf extract during 14 days significantly reduced the number of Sertoli cells on alloxan-induced mice.
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Sun X, Wang X, Zhao Z, Chen J, Li C, Zhao G. Paeoniflorin accelerates foot wound healing in diabetic rats though activating the Nrf2 pathway. Acta Histochem 2020; 122:151649. [PMID: 33166863 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2020.151649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 10/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
As one of the most frequent diabetic complications, diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) can cause limb ischemia or even amputation. Paeoniflorin (PF) has been reported to possess many kinds of biological functions, such as antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. However, the role of PF in DFU remains unknown. In this study, streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rat models and high glucose (HG)-treated Human immortalized keratinocytes (HaCaT) cells were established. Histological analysis, immunohistochemistry, Electrophoretic mobility shift assay, MTT assay, TUNEL assay, oxidative stress analysis, ELISA assay and western blot were used to investigate the role and underlying mechanisms of PF on healing in DFU. Our results showed that the STZ-induced diabetic rats had delayed wound healing compared with the normal rats, exhibited by intense oxidative DNA damage, low vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) expression, as well as increased apoptosis. PF treatment activated the expression of nuclear factor-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and improved wound healing in DFU rats. Our in vitro experiments confirmed that PF accelerated wound healing through the Nrf2 pathway under hyperglycemic conditions, with alleviated oxidative stress, increased cell proliferation and migration, decreased apoptosis, and increased the expression of VEGF and TGF-β1. Our study demonstrates the therapeutic benefits of PF in diabetic wound healing, which provides a reference for future clinical trials using PF in DFU treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolong Sun
- The Second Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150040, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xu Wang
- The Second Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150040, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenyu Zhao
- The Second Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150040, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Chen
- The Second Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150040, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng Li
- The Second Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150040, People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Zhao
- Department of Peripheral Vascular Disease, First Affiliated Hospital, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150040, People's Republic of China
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Abstract
AIMS The objective of this study was to explore the effects of epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) on type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). MAIN METHODS Male Sprague-Dawley rats were allocated into six groups. The control group received a conventional diet. The diabetic group received a high-sucrose high-fat (HSHF) diet for 4 weeks and then was fasted and injected with streptozotocin (STZ); subsequently, the rats received a HSHF diet for another 4 weeks to develop diabetes. The four treatment groups were diabetic rats that received intragastric metformin (500 mg/kg/day) or EGCG (25, 50, and 100 mg/kg/day) for 10 weeks. All groups except the control group received a HSHF diet throughout the experiment. Several biochemical parameters such as fasting blood glucose (FBG), postprandial blood glucose (PBG), liver glycogen, muscle glycogen, fasting serum insulin (FSI), homeostasis model of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), free fatty acids (FFA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and malondialdehyde (MDA) were measured to assess the effects of EGCG on glycemic control, insulin resistance, lipid profile, and oxidative stress. Furthermore, oxidative stress in pancreatic islet β cells was detected by dihydroethidium staining. KEY FINDINGS A HSHF diet and STZ injection induced T2DM, as indicated by changed blood glucose and body weight, which was accompanied by insulin resistance, an altered lipid profile, and oxidative stress. Interestingly, EGCG treatment dose-dependently recovered these indexes. SIGNIFICANCE EGCG successfully ameliorated glycemic control and insulin sensitivity while reducing the lipid profile and oxidative stress in a T2DM rat model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenru Li
- College of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Chaonan Zhu
- College of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
- Department of pharmacy, The first Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Tianheng Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
- Henan international joint laboratory of cardiovascular remodeling and drug intervention, Xinxiang, Henan, China
- Xinxiang key laboratory of vascular remodeling intervention and molecular targeted therapy drug development, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Weifang Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xu Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
- Henan international joint laboratory of cardiovascular remodeling and drug intervention, Xinxiang, Henan, China
- Xinxiang key laboratory of vascular remodeling intervention and molecular targeted therapy drug development, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Peng Li
- College of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
- Henan international joint laboratory of cardiovascular remodeling and drug intervention, Xinxiang, Henan, China
- Xinxiang key laboratory of vascular remodeling intervention and molecular targeted therapy drug development, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Tiantian Zhu
- College of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
- Henan international joint laboratory of cardiovascular remodeling and drug intervention, Xinxiang, Henan, China
- Xinxiang key laboratory of vascular remodeling intervention and molecular targeted therapy drug development, Xinxiang, Henan, China
- Tiantian Zhu, College of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, No. 601 Jinsui Road, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, China.
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Zhang H, Li T, Cai X, Wang X, Li S, Xu B, Wu Q. MicroRNA-203a-3p regulates CoCl 2-induced apoptosis in human retinal pigment epithelial cells by targeting suppressor of cytokine signaling 3. J Diabetes Complications 2020; 34:107668. [PMID: 32660795 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2020.107668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The apoptosis of human retinal pigment epithelial cells (RPEs) plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy (DR), but the molecular mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, we explored the function of miR-203a-3p in CoCl2-induced RPEs apoptosis. METHODS The cellular localization of miR-203a-3p was assessed by in situ hybridization. Luciferase reporter assays were performed to validate that suppressor of cytokine signaling 3(SOCS3) as a direct target of miR-203a-3p. Effects of miR-203a-3p manipulation on RPEs apoptosis were evaluated using TdT-mediated dUTP Nick-End Labeling (TUNEL) and Flow Cytometry. Expression levels of miR-203a-3p was analyzed by RT-PCR, the expression of target proteins was detected by western blot. RESULTS miR-203a-3p was found to be located in the RPE layer of the retinas from normal and diabetic rats and SOCS3 was a direct target of miR-203a-3p. miR-203a-3p mimics resulted in improved CoCl2-induced apoptosis of RPEs, overexpression of SOCS3 or c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) inhibitor SP600125 reversed the pro-apoptotic effect of miR-203a-3p, to a certain extent. CONCLUSIONS Our data implied a crucial role of miR-203a-3p as a novel regulator of CoCl2-induced RPEs apoptosis through SOCS3. Deregulation of miR-203a-3p/SOCS3/JNK/c-Jun cascade thus may serve as an important contributor to RPEs apoptosis in DR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Tingting Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuan Cai
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiangning Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Shiwei Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Biwei Xu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiang Wu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China.
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28
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Bentsen MA, Rausch DM, Mirzadeh Z, Muta K, Scarlett JM, Brown JM, Herranz-Pérez V, Baquero AF, Thompson J, Alonge KM, Faber CL, Kaiyala KJ, Bennett C, Pyke C, Ratner C, Egerod KL, Holst B, Meek TH, Kutlu B, Zhang Y, Sparso T, Grove KL, Morton GJ, Kornum BR, García-Verdugo JM, Secher A, Jorgensen R, Schwartz MW, Pers TH. Transcriptomic analysis links diverse hypothalamic cell types to fibroblast growth factor 1-induced sustained diabetes remission. Nat Commun 2020; 11:4458. [PMID: 32895383 PMCID: PMC7477234 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-17720-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
In rodent models of type 2 diabetes (T2D), sustained remission of hyperglycemia can be induced by a single intracerebroventricular (icv) injection of fibroblast growth factor 1 (FGF1), and the mediobasal hypothalamus (MBH) was recently implicated as the brain area responsible for this effect. To better understand the cellular response to FGF1 in the MBH, we sequenced >79,000 single-cell transcriptomes from the hypothalamus of diabetic Lepob/ob mice obtained on Days 1 and 5 after icv injection of either FGF1 or vehicle. A wide range of transcriptional responses to FGF1 was observed across diverse hypothalamic cell types, with glial cell types responding much more robustly than neurons at both time points. Tanycytes and ependymal cells were the most FGF1-responsive cell type at Day 1, but astrocytes and oligodendrocyte lineage cells subsequently became more responsive. Based on histochemical and ultrastructural evidence of enhanced cell-cell interactions between astrocytes and Agrp neurons (key components of the melanocortin system), we performed a series of studies showing that intact melanocortin signaling is required for the sustained antidiabetic action of FGF1. These data collectively suggest that hypothalamic glial cells are leading targets for the effects of FGF1 and that sustained diabetes remission is dependent on intact melanocortin signaling.
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MESH Headings
- Agouti-Related Protein/metabolism
- Animals
- Astrocytes/drug effects
- Astrocytes/metabolism
- Blood Glucose/analysis
- Cell Communication
- Cell Nucleus/drug effects
- Cell Nucleus/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/blood
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/diet therapy
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/etiology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/pathology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/blood
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/drug therapy
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/etiology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/pathology
- Diet, High-Fat/adverse effects
- Dietary Sucrose/administration & dosage
- Dietary Sucrose/adverse effects
- Fibroblast Growth Factor 1/administration & dosage
- Humans
- Hypoglycemic Agents/administration & dosage
- Hypothalamus/cytology
- Hypothalamus/drug effects
- Hypothalamus/pathology
- Injections, Intraventricular
- Leptin/genetics
- Male
- Melanocortins/metabolism
- Melanocyte-Stimulating Hormones/administration & dosage
- Mice
- Mice, Knockout
- Neurons/drug effects
- Neurons/metabolism
- Oligodendroglia/drug effects
- Oligodendroglia/metabolism
- RNA-Seq
- Receptor, Melanocortin, Type 4/genetics
- Receptors, Melanocortin/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Melanocortin/metabolism
- Recombinant Proteins/administration & dosage
- Remission Induction/methods
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- Single-Cell Analysis
- Stereotaxic Techniques
- Transcriptome/drug effects
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie A Bentsen
- UW Medicine Diabetes Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Dylan M Rausch
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Kenjiro Muta
- UW Medicine Diabetes Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Chakri Naruebodindra Medical Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Jarrad M Scarlett
- UW Medicine Diabetes Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jenny M Brown
- UW Medicine Diabetes Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Vicente Herranz-Pérez
- Cavanilles Institute of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- Predepartamental Unit of Medicine, Jaume I University, Castelló de la Plana, Spain
| | - Arian F Baquero
- Obesity Research Unit, Novo Nordisk Research Center Seattle, Inc., Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jonatan Thompson
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kimberly M Alonge
- UW Medicine Diabetes Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Chelsea L Faber
- UW Medicine Diabetes Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Karl J Kaiyala
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Camdin Bennett
- Obesity Research Unit, Novo Nordisk Research Center Seattle, Inc., Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Charles Pyke
- Pathology & Imaging, Global Discovery and Development Sciences, Novo Nordisk A/S, Maaloev, Denmark
| | - Cecilia Ratner
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kristoffer L Egerod
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Birgitte Holst
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thomas H Meek
- Obesity Research Unit, Novo Nordisk Research Center Seattle, Inc., Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Burak Kutlu
- Obesity Research Unit, Novo Nordisk Research Center Seattle, Inc., Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Yu Zhang
- Obesity Research Unit, Novo Nordisk Research Center Seattle, Inc., Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Thomas Sparso
- Bioinformatics and Data Mining, Global Research Technologies, Novo Nordisk A/S, Maaloev, Denmark
| | - Kevin L Grove
- Obesity Research Unit, Novo Nordisk Research Center Seattle, Inc., Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Gregory J Morton
- UW Medicine Diabetes Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Birgitte R Kornum
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Anna Secher
- Diabetes Research, Global Drug Discovery, Novo Nordisk A/S, Maaloev, Denmark
| | - Rasmus Jorgensen
- Diabetes Research, Global Drug Discovery, Novo Nordisk A/S, Maaloev, Denmark
- Cytoki Pharma, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Michael W Schwartz
- UW Medicine Diabetes Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
| | - Tune H Pers
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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29
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Lang S, Wei R, Wei T, Gu L, Feng J, Yan H, Yang J, Hong T. Glucagon receptor antagonism promotes the production of gut proglucagon-derived peptides in diabetic mice. Peptides 2020; 131:170349. [PMID: 32561493 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2020.170349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2020] [Revised: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Glucagon is an essential regulator of glucose homeostasis, particularly in type 2 diabetes (T2D). Blocking the glucagon receptor (GCGR) in diabetic animals and humans has been shown to alleviate hyperglycemia and increase circulating glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) levels. However, the origin of the upregulated GLP-1 remains to be clarified. Here, we administered high-fat diet + streptozotocin-induced T2D mice and diabetic db/db mice with REMD 2.59, a fully competitive antagonistic human GCGR monoclonal antibody (mAb) for 12 weeks. GCGR mAb treatment decreased fasting blood glucose levels and increased plasma GLP-1 levels in the T2D mice. In addition, GCGR mAb upregulated preproglucagon gene expression and the contents of gut proglucagon-derived peptides, particularly GLP-1, in the small intestine and colon. Notably, T2D mice treated with GCGR mAb displayed a higher L-cell density in the small intestine and colon, which was associated with increased numbers of LK-cells coexpressing GLP-1 and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide and reduced L-cell apoptosis. Furthermore, GCGR mAb treatment upregulated GLP-1 production in the pancreas, which was detected at lower levels than in the intestine. Collectively, these results suggest that GCGR mAb can increase intestinal GLP-1 production and L-cell number by enhancing LK-cell expansion and inhibiting L-cell apoptosis in T2D.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/pharmacology
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/pharmacology
- Apoptosis/genetics
- Blood Glucose/metabolism
- Colon/drug effects
- Colon/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/drug therapy
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/etiology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/genetics
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/metabolism
- Diet, High-Fat/adverse effects
- Fasting/metabolism
- Gastric Inhibitory Polypeptide/genetics
- Gastric Inhibitory Polypeptide/metabolism
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Glucagon-Like Peptide 1/genetics
- Glucagon-Like Peptide 1/metabolism
- Humans
- Intestine, Small/drug effects
- Intestine, Small/metabolism
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Pancreas/drug effects
- Pancreas/metabolism
- Proglucagon/genetics
- Proglucagon/metabolism
- Receptors, Glucagon/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Glucagon/genetics
- Receptors, Glucagon/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
- Streptozocin/administration & dosage
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Lang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China; Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Rui Wei
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China; Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Tianjiao Wei
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China; Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Liangbiao Gu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jin Feng
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Hai Yan
- REMD Biotherapeutics, Camarillo, CA 93012, USA; Beijing Cosci-REMD, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Jin Yang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Tianpei Hong
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China; Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China.
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30
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S S, K S, V K, Jacob JP. Antidiabetic potential of Andrographis echioides Nees. leaf extract on high fat diet-fed C57BL/6J diabetic mice. Pak J Pharm Sci 2020; 33:2347-2350. [PMID: 33832910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The present study validates the antidiabetic potential of Andrographis echioides leaf extract (AeLE) on high fat diet-fed diabetic C57BL/6J mice. The male C57BL/6J mouse (age 6-8 weeks) were divided into 2 groups (lean control group and diabetic group). The lean control group (6 animals) was fed with standard diet pellets. The diabetic group animals (24 animals) were made diabetic by feeding a high-fat diet for 12 weeks. This group was then further divided into 4 groups of 6 animals each and treated orally (for 28 days) with vehicle (0.5%carboxymethyl cellulose), metformin 100mg/kg body weight and 2 different concentrations of test drug viz., 100mg/kg and 200mg/kg body weight. The results show a significant reduction in blood glucose and other biochemical parameters. After 28 days, the metformin and AeLE (200 mg/kg b.w) treated animals had an average serum glucose value of 129.69±1.97 mg/dl and 109.6±3.92 mg/dl, respectively. Also, the liver markers were positively affected by AeLE. In conclusion, A. echioides leaf extract was found to reduce hyperglycemia and significantly improve the biochemical profile of the mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sindhu S
- Department of Biotechnology, Karpaga Vinayaga College of Engineering and Technology, Madhuranthagam, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sivakumar K
- Department of Biotechnology, Karpaga Vinayaga College of Engineering and Technology, Madhuranthagam, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Karthikeyan V
- Department of Biotechnology, Karpaga Vinayaga College of Engineering and Technology, Madhuranthagam, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Justin P Jacob
- Department of Biotechnology, St. Joseph's College of Engineering, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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31
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Xiong L, Gong Y, Wu L, Li J, He W, Zhu X, Xiao H. LncRNA-Malat1 is Involved in Lipotoxicity-Induced ß-cell Dysfunction and the Therapeutic Effect of Exendin-4 via Ptbp1. Endocrinology 2020; 161:5824261. [PMID: 32324218 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqaa065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Increasing evidence indicates that long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have crucial roles in various biological processes. However, the contribution of lncRNAs to β-cell dysfunction and their roles in diabetes therapeutics remain poorly understood. The aim of this study was to identify the lncRNAs dysregulated in diabetic islets and to explore the lncRNAs involved in β-cell function as potential therapeutic targets. By using RNA sequencing and real-time PCR, we identified thousands of lncRNAs in the islets of db/db mice and db/m littermate mice. Among the differentially expressed lncRNAs, lncRNA-Malat1 (metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1) was reduced in the islets of db/db mice and palmitate-treated MIN6 cells. The results of TUNEL, Western blot and flow cytometric analyses, and GSIS assays revealed that Malat1 knockdown significantly induced β-cell apoptosis and inhibited insulin secretion. Mechanistically, RNA immunoprecipitation showed that Malat1 enhanced polypyrimidine tract-binding protein 1 (Ptbp1) protein stability by direct interaction, thereby adjusting the ratio of pyruvate kinase muscle (PKM) isoforms 1 and 2 (PKM1/PKM2). Moreover, luciferase assay and chromatin immunoprecipitation indicated that Malat1 was transcriptionally activated by pancreatic and duodenal homeobox 1 (Pdx1), through which exendin-4 alleviated lipotoxicity-induced β-cell damage. In summary, our findings suggested the involvement of Malat1 in β-cell dysfunction under diabetic conditions via the Malat1/Ptbp1/PKM2 pathway. In addition, exendin-4 ameliorated β-cell impairment by Pdx1-mediated Malat1 upregulation. Hence, Malat1 may serve as a therapeutic target for the treatment of type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Xiong
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yingying Gong
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Liting Wu
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jin Li
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Weiman He
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaonan Zhu
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhong‑Shan School of Medicine, Sun Yat‑sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Haipeng Xiao
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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32
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Traisaeng S, Batsukh A, Chuang TH, Herr DR, Huang YF, Chimeddorj B, Huang CM. Leuconostoc mesenteroides fermentation produces butyric acid and mediates Ffar2 to regulate blood glucose and insulin in type 1 diabetic mice. Sci Rep 2020; 10:7928. [PMID: 32404878 PMCID: PMC7220903 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-64916-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 1 diabetic patients have lower counts of butyric acid-producing bacteria in the dysbiotic gut microbiome. In this study, we demonstrate that a butyric acid-producing Leuconostoc mesenteroides (L. mesenteroides) EH-1 strain isolated from Mongolian curd cheese can reduce blood glucose and IL-6 in the type 1 diabetic mouse model. L. mesenteroides EH-1 fermentation yielded high concentrations of butyric acid both in vitro and in vivo. Butyric acid or L. mesenteroides EH-1 increased the amounts of insulin in Min6 cell culture and streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic mice. Inhibition or siRNA knockdown of free fatty acid receptor 2 (Ffar2) considerably reduced the anti-diabetic effect of probiotic L. mesenteroides EH-1 or butyric acid by lowering the level of blood glucose. We here demonstrate that Ffar2 mediated the effects of L. mesenteroides EH-1 and butryic acid on regulation of blood glucose and insulin in type 1 diabetic mice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anir Batsukh
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, National Central University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Hsien Chuang
- Immunology Research Center, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Deron Raymond Herr
- Department of Pharmacology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yu-Fen Huang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Battogtokh Chimeddorj
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | - Chun-Ming Huang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, National Central University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
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33
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Craig SL, Gault VA, Hamscher G, Irwin N. Ψ-Xenin-6 enhances sitagliptin effectiveness, but does not improve glucose tolerance. J Endocrinol 2020; 245:219-230. [PMID: 32130206 DOI: 10.1530/joe-19-0557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies have characterised the biological properties and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) potentiating actions of an enzymatically stable, C-terminal hexapeptide fragment of the gut hormone xenin, namely Ψ-xenin-6. Given the primary therapeutic target of clinically approved dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor drugs is augmentation of the incretin effect, the present study has assessed the capacity of Ψ-xenin-6 to enhance the antidiabetic efficacy of sitagliptin in high fat fed (HFF) mice. Individual administration of either sitagliptin or Ψ-xenin-6 alone for 18 days resulted in numerous metabolic benefits and positive effects on pancreatic islet architecture. As expected, sitagliptin therapy was associated with elevated circulating GIP and GLP-1 levels, with concurrent Ψ-xenin-6 not elevating these hormones or enhancing DPP-4 inhibitory activity of the drug. However, combined sitagliptin and Ψ-xenin-6 therapy in HFF mice was associated with further notable benefits, beyond that observed with either treatment alone. This included body weight change similar to lean controls, more pronounced and rapid benefits on circulating glucose and insulin as well as additional improvements in attenuating gluconeogenesis. Favourable effects on pancreatic islet architecture and peripheral insulin sensitivity were more apparent with combined therapy. Expression of hepatic genes involved in gluconeogenesis and insulin action were partially, or fully, restored to normal levels by the treatment regimens, with beneficial effects more prominent in the combination treatment group. These data demonstrate that combined treatment with Ψ-xenin-6 and sitagliptin did not alter glucose tolerance but does offer some metabolic advantages, which merit further consideration as a therapeutic option for type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah L Craig
- SAAD Centre for Pharmacy and Diabetes, University of Ulster, Coleraine, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Victor A Gault
- SAAD Centre for Pharmacy and Diabetes, University of Ulster, Coleraine, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Gerd Hamscher
- Institute of Food Chemistry and Food Biotechnology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Nigel Irwin
- SAAD Centre for Pharmacy and Diabetes, University of Ulster, Coleraine, Northern Ireland, UK
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34
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Ebrahimi AG, Hollister-Lock J, Sullivan BA, Tsuchida R, Bonner-Weir S, Weir GC. Beta cell identity changes with mild hyperglycemia: Implications for function, growth, and vulnerability. Mol Metab 2020; 35:100959. [PMID: 32244186 PMCID: PMC7082551 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2020.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE As diabetes develops, marked reductions of insulin secretion are associated with very modest elevations of glucose. We wondered if these glucose changes disrupt beta cell differentiation enough to account for the altered function. METHODS Rats were subjected to 90% partial pancreatectomies and those with only mild glucose elevations 4 weeks or 10 weeks after surgery had major alterations of gene expression in their islets as determined by RNAseq. RESULTS Changes associated with glucose toxicity demonstrated that many of the critical genes responsible for insulin secretion were downregulated while the expression of normally suppressed genes increased. Also, there were marked changes in genes associated with replication, aging, senescence, stress, inflammation, and increased expression of genes controlling both class I and II MHC antigens. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that mild glucose elevations in the early stages of diabetes lead to phenotypic changes that adversely affect beta cell function, growth, and vulnerability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aref G Ebrahimi
- Section on Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, One Joslin Place, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Jennifer Hollister-Lock
- Section on Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, One Joslin Place, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Brooke A Sullivan
- Section on Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, One Joslin Place, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Ryohei Tsuchida
- Section on Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, One Joslin Place, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Susan Bonner-Weir
- Section on Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, One Joslin Place, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Gordon C Weir
- Section on Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, One Joslin Place, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
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35
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Liu Y, Xu F, Jiang P. Effect of sitagliptin on expression of skeletal muscle peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator-1 α and irisin in a rat model of type 2 diabetes mellitus. J Int Med Res 2020; 48:300060519885569. [PMID: 32364035 PMCID: PMC7218978 DOI: 10.1177/0300060519885569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effect of sitagliptin on skeletal muscle expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α), irisin, and phosphoadenylated adenylate activated protein kinase (p-AMPK) in a rat model of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). METHODS A high-fat diet/streptozotocin T2DM rat model was established. Rats were divided into T2DM, low-dose sitagliptin (ST1), high-dose sitagliptin (ST2), and normal control groups (NC). PGC-1α, irisin, and p-AMPK protein levels in skeletal muscle were measured by western blot, and PCG-1α and Fndc5 mRNA levels were assessed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS Fasting plasma glucose (FPG), fasting insulin (FIns), homeostatic model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were significantly up-regulated in the T2DM compared with the other groups, and FPG, FIns, total cholesterol, triglycerides, TNF-α, and HOMA-IR were significantly down-regulated in the ST2 compared with the ST1 group. PGC-1α, irisin, and p-AMPK expression levels decreased successively in the ST2, ST1, and DM groups compared with the NC, and were all significantly up-regulated in the ST2 compared with the ST1 group. CONCLUSION Down-regulation of PGC-1α and irisin in skeletal muscle may be involved in T2DM. Sitagliptin can dose-dependently up-regulate PCG-1α and irisin, potentially improving insulin resistance and glycolipid metabolism and inhibiting inflammation.
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MESH Headings
- AMP-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases
- Animals
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/drug therapy
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/etiology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/pathology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/drug therapy
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/etiology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/pathology
- Diet, High-Fat/adverse effects
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Down-Regulation
- Fibronectins/analysis
- Fibronectins/metabolism
- Glycolipids/metabolism
- Humans
- Hypoglycemic Agents/administration & dosage
- Male
- Muscle, Skeletal/drug effects
- Muscle, Skeletal/immunology
- Muscle, Skeletal/metabolism
- Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma Coactivator 1-alpha/analysis
- Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma Coactivator 1-alpha/metabolism
- Protein Kinases/analysis
- Protein Kinases/metabolism
- Rats
- Sitagliptin Phosphate/administration & dosage
- Streptozocin/toxicity
- Up-Regulation
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuntao Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Renhe Hospital of China Three Gorges University, The Second Clinical Medical College of China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| | - Feng Xu
- Yichang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Clinical Medical College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| | - Pan Jiang
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Renhe Hospital of China Three Gorges University, The Second Clinical Medical College of China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
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Bulc M, Całka J, Palus K. Effect of Streptozotocin-Inducted Diabetes on the Pathophysiology of Enteric Neurons in the Small Intestine Based on the Porcine Diabetes Model. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21062047. [PMID: 32192078 PMCID: PMC7139978 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21062047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperglycemia is one of the main causes of diabetes complications. Gastrointestinal (GI) disturbances are one of the most frequent complications during diabetes. The porcine digestive tract possesses physiological and pathological similarities to the human digestive tract. This also applies to the innervation of the gastrointestinal tract. In this study, the influence of experimentally-inducted hyperglycemia was examined on the expression of vesicular acetylcholine transporter (VAChT), cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART), galanin (GAL), vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) in the enteric nervous system (ENS) neurons in the small intestine of the pig. During the current study, an increased number of neurons containing CART, VIP, GAL, and CGRP under streptozotocin injection were observed. The augmentation of expression included all enteric plexuses present in the small intestine. The same results were obtained in the case of VAChT; namely, chronic hyperglycemia led to an increase in the number of neurons utilizing VAChT in all investigated plexuses. The obtained results suggested that the function of neuropeptides studied in this experiment depended on their localization in the ENS structures, as well as part of the GI tract. Diabetes led to alterations in the neurochemical phenotype of small intestine enteric neurons.
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Shao T, Yu Q, Zhu T, Liu A, Gao X, Long X, Liu Z. Inulin from Jerusalem artichoke tubers alleviates hyperglycaemia in high-fat-diet-induced diabetes mice through the intestinal microflora improvement. Br J Nutr 2020; 123:308-318. [PMID: 31915077 PMCID: PMC7015883 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114519002332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Revised: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The rate of hyperglycaemia in people around the world is increasing at an alarming rate at present, and innovative methods of alleviating hyperglycaemia are needed. The effects of Jerusalem artichoke inulin on hyperglycaemia, liver-related genes and the intestinal microbiota in mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD) and treated with streptozotocin (STZ) to induce hyperglycaemia were investigated. Inulin-treated hyperglycaemic mice had decreased average daily food consumption, body weight, average daily water consumption and relative liver weight and blood concentrations of TAG, total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol and fasting blood glucose. Liver-related gene expressions in hyperglycaemic (HFD-fed and STZ-treated) compared with control mice showed eighty-four differentially expressed genes (forty-nine up-regulated and thirty-five down-regulated). In contrast, hyperglycaemic mice treated with inulin had twenty-two differentially expressed genes compared with control ones. Using Illumina high-throughput sequencing technology, the rarefaction and the rank abundance curves as well as the α diversity indices showed the treatment-induced differences in bacterial diversity in intestine. The linear discriminant analysis of effect size showed that the inulin treatment improved intestinal microbiota; in particular, it significantly increased the number of Bacteroides in the intestine of mice. In conclusion, inulin is potentially an effective functional food for the prevention and/or treatment of hyperglycaemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyun Shao
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qiuhong Yu
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tingshuo Zhu
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, People’s Republic of China
| | - Anhong Liu
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiumei Gao
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaohua Long
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhaopu Liu
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, People’s Republic of China
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Reverte V, Gogulamudi VR, Rosales CB, Musial DC, Gonsalez SR, Parra-Vitela AJ, Galeas-Pena M, Sure VN, Visniauskas B, Lindsey SH, Katakam PVG, Prieto MC. Urinary angiotensinogen increases in the absence of overt renal injury in high fat diet-induced type 2 diabetic mice. J Diabetes Complications 2020; 34:107448. [PMID: 31761419 PMCID: PMC6981045 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2019.107448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Revised: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
AIM OF THE STUDY During type 2 diabetes (T2D) and hypertension there is stimulation of renal proximal tubule angiotensinogen (AGT), but whether urinary excretion of AGT (uAGT) is an indicator of glomerular damage or intrarenal RAS activation is unclear. We tested the hypothesis that elevations in uAGT can be detected in the absence of albuminuria in a mouse model of T2D. METHODS Male C57BL/6 mice (N = 10) were fed a high fat (HFD; 45% Kcal from fat) for 28 weeks, and the metabolic phenotype including body weight, blood pressures, glucose, insulin, ippGTT, HOMA-IR, and cholesterol was examined. In addition, kidney Ang II content and reactive oxygen species (ROS) was measured along with urinary albumin, creatinine, Ang II, and AGT. RESULTS All parameters consistent with T2D were present in mice after 12-14 weeks on the HFD. Systolic BP increased after 18 weeks in HFD but not NFD mice. Intrarenal ROS and Ang II concentrations were also increased in HFD mice. Remarkably, these changes paralleled the augmentation uAGT excretion (3.66 ± 0.50 vs. 0.92 ± 0.13 ng/mg by week 29; P < 0.01), which occurred in the absence of overt albuminuria. CONCLUSIONS In HFD-induced T2D mice, increases in uAGT occur in the absence of overt renal injury, indicating that this biomarker accurately detects early intrarenal RAS activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginia Reverte
- Department of Physiology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, USA
| | | | - Carla B Rosales
- Department of Physiology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, USA
| | - Diego C Musial
- Department of Physiology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sabrina R Gonsalez
- Department of Physiology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, USA; Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Michelle Galeas-Pena
- Department of Physiology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, USA
| | - Venkata N Sure
- Department of Pharmacology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, USA
| | - Bruna Visniauskas
- Department of Physiology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, USA
| | - Sarah H Lindsey
- Department of Pharmacology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, USA
| | - Prasad V G Katakam
- Department of Pharmacology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, USA
| | - Minolfa C Prieto
- Department of Physiology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, USA; Hypertension and Renal Center of Excellence, New Orleans, USA.
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Dong Y, Xing Y, Sun J, Sun W, Xu Y, Quan C. Baicalein Alleviates Liver Oxidative Stress and Apoptosis Induced by High-Level Glucose through the Activation of the PERK/Nrf2 Signaling Pathway. Molecules 2020; 25:E599. [PMID: 32019168 PMCID: PMC7037940 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25030599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Revised: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Baicalein, a widely-distributed natural flavonoid, exhibits antioxidative activity in mice with type-2 diabetes. However, the underlying mechanisms remain partially elucidated. In this study, we investigated the effect of baicalein on protein kinase R-like ER kinase (PERK)/nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) pathway for the alleviation of oxidative stress and apoptosis. Human liver HL-7702 cells were stimulated with 60.5 mM of glucose to induce oxidative stress and treated with baicalein. The apoptosis was determined by fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry. The regulation of the PERK/Nrf2 pathway by baicalein was determined by immunoblotting in both HL-7702 cells and liver tissues from diabetic mice. We found that baicalein significantly alleviated the oxidative stress and apoptosis in HL-7702 cells stimulated with glucose. Mechanistic studies showed that baicalein downregulated PERK and upregulated Nrf2, two key proteins involved in endoplasmic reticulum stress, in both HL-7702 cells and liver tissues from diabetic mice receiving baicalein treatment. Furthermore, the subcellular localization of Nrf2 and the regulation of downstream proteins including heme oxygenase-1 and CCAAT-enhancer-binding protein homologous protein (CHOP) by baicalein were also investigated. Our results suggest that the regulation of the PERK/Nrf2 pathway is one of the mechanisms contributing to the bioactivities of baicalein to improve diabetes-associated complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuesheng Dong
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Yan Xing
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Jin Sun
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Wenlong Sun
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
- Shandong Provincial Research Center for Bioinformatic Engineering and Technique, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049, China
| | - Yongbin Xu
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioresources Utilization of Ministry of Education, Dalian Minzu University, Dalian 116024, China
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Life Science, Dalian Minzu University, Dalian 116600, China
| | - Chunshan Quan
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioresources Utilization of Ministry of Education, Dalian Minzu University, Dalian 116024, China
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Life Science, Dalian Minzu University, Dalian 116600, China
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40
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Fujita Y, Atageldiyeva KK, Takeda Y, Yanagimachi T, Makino Y, Haneda M. A Low-Carbohydrate Diet Improves Glucose Metabolism in Lean Insulinopenic Akita Mice Along With Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitor. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:601594. [PMID: 33362717 PMCID: PMC7759607 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.601594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A low-carbohydrate diet (LC) can be beneficial to obese subjects with type2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor (SGLT2i) presents prompt glucose-lowering effects in subjects with T2DM. We investigated how LC and SGLT2i could similarly or differently influence on the metabolic changes, including glucose, lipid, and ketone metabolism in lean insulinopenic Akita mice. We also examined the impacts of the combination. METHODS Male Akita mice were fed ad libitum normal-carbohydrate diet (NC) as a control or low-carbohydrate diet (LC) as an intervention for 8 weeks with or without SGLT2i treatment. Body weight and casual bold glucose levels were monitored during the study, in addition to measuring TG, NEFA, and ketone levels. We quantified gene expressions involved in gluconeogenesis, lipid metabolism and ketogenesis in the liver and the kidney. We also investigated the immunostaining analysis of pancreatic islets to assess the effect of islet protection. RESULTS Both LC and SGLT2i treatment reduced chronic hyperglycemia. Moreover, the combination therapy additionally ameliorated glycemic levels and preserved the islet morphology in part. LC but not SGLT2i increased body weight accompanied by epididymal fat accumulation. In contrast, SGLT2i, not LC potentiated four-fold ketone production with higher ketogenic gene expression, in comparison with the non-treated Akita mice. Besides, the combination did not enhance further ketone production compared to the SGLT2i alone. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicated that both LC and SGLT2i reduced chronic hyperglycemia, and the combination presented synergistic favorable effects concomitantly with amelioration of islet morphology, while the combination did not enhance further ketosis in Akita mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukihiro Fujita
- Division of Metabolism and Biosystemic Science, Department of Internal Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
- Division of Diabetology, Endocrinology and Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
- *Correspondence: Yukihiro Fujita,
| | - Kuralay K. Atageldiyeva
- Division of Metabolism and Biosystemic Science, Department of Internal Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
- School of Medicine, Nazarbayev University, Nur-Sultan City, Kazakhstan
| | - Yasutaka Takeda
- Division of Metabolism and Biosystemic Science, Department of Internal Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Yanagimachi
- Division of Metabolism and Biosystemic Science, Department of Internal Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
- Division of Diabetology, Endocrinology and Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
| | - Yuichi Makino
- Division of Metabolism and Biosystemic Science, Department of Internal Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
- Integrated Medical Education Center, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Masakazu Haneda
- Division of Metabolism and Biosystemic Science, Department of Internal Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
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Abstract
The polygenic background of selectively bred diabetes models mimics the etiology of type 2 diabetes. So far, three different rodent models (Goto-Kakizaki rats, Nagoya-Shibata-Yasuda mice, and Oikawa-Nagao mice) have been established in the diabetes research field by continuous selective breeding for glucose tolerance from outbred rodent stocks. The origin of hyperglycemia in these rodents is mainly insulin secretion deficiency from the pancreatic β-cells and mild insulin resistance in insulin target organs. In this chapter, we summarize backgrounds and phenotypes of these rodent models to highlight their importance in diabetes research. Then, we introduce experimental methodologies to evaluate β-cell exocytosis as a putative common defect observed in these rodent models.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/etiology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/genetics
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/etiology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/genetics
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/etiology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/genetics
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/metabolism
- Exocytosis
- Gene Expression Profiling/methods
- Glucose Intolerance
- Insulin Resistance/physiology
- Insulin Secretion/physiology
- Insulin-Secreting Cells/chemistry
- Insulin-Secreting Cells/cytology
- Insulin-Secreting Cells/metabolism
- Insulin-Secreting Cells/physiology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C3H
- Patch-Clamp Techniques/methods
- Phenotype
- Rats
- Rats, Wistar
- Selective Breeding/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- Mototsugu Nagao
- Islet Cell Exocytosis, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.
- Clinical Research Centre, Skåne University Hospital, Lund and Malmö, Sweden.
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Jonathan Lou S Esguerra
- Islet Cell Exocytosis, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
- Clinical Research Centre, Skåne University Hospital, Lund and Malmö, Sweden
| | - Anna Wendt
- Islet Cell Exocytosis, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
- Clinical Research Centre, Skåne University Hospital, Lund and Malmö, Sweden
| | - Akira Asai
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
- Food and Health Science Research Unit, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Sugihara
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinichi Oikawa
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
- Diabetes and Lifestyle-related Disease Center, Japan Anti-Tuberculosis Association, Fukujuji Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Lena Eliasson
- Islet Cell Exocytosis, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.
- Clinical Research Centre, Skåne University Hospital, Lund and Malmö, Sweden.
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Li J, Liu HQ, Li XB, Yu WJ, Wang T. Function of Adenosine 2A Receptor in High-Fat Diet-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy. J Diabetes Res 2020; 2020:7856503. [PMID: 32566683 PMCID: PMC7267854 DOI: 10.1155/2020/7856503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2020] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Peripheral diabetic neuropathy (DPN) is a complication observed in up to half of all patients with type 2 diabetes. DPN has also been shown to be associated with obesity. High-fat diet (HFD) affects glucose metabolism, and the impaired glucose tolerance can lead to type 2 diabetes. There is evidence to suggest a role of adenosine 2A receptors (A2ARs) and semaphorin 3A (Sema3a) signaling in DPN. The link between the expression of Sema3a and A2AR in DPN was hypothesized, but the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the regulation of Sema3a by A2AR in the spinal cord and the functional implications thereof in DPN. We examined the expression of A2ARs and Sema3a, as well as Neuropilin 1 and Plexin A, the coreceptors of Sema3a, in the dorsal horn of the lumbar spinal cord of an animal model with HFD-induced diabetes. Our results demonstrate that HFD dysregulates the A2AR-mediated Sema3a expression, with functional implications for the type 2 diabetes-induced peripheral neuropathy. These observations could stimulate clinical studies to improve our understanding on the subject.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/etiology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/pathology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/complications
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/pathology
- Diabetic Neuropathies/etiology
- Diabetic Neuropathies/metabolism
- Diabetic Neuropathies/pathology
- Diet, High-Fat
- Ganglia, Spinal/metabolism
- Ganglia, Spinal/pathology
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Nerve Fibers/metabolism
- Nerve Fibers/pathology
- Receptor, Adenosine A2A/physiology
- Semaphorin-3A/metabolism
- Spinal Cord/metabolism
- Spinal Cord/pathology
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Huan-Qiu Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xin-Bai Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Wen-Jun Yu
- Department of Hand Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Hand Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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Hoang M, Paglialunga S, Bombardier E, Tupling AR, Joseph JW. The Loss of ARNT/HIF1β in Male Pancreatic β-Cells Is Protective Against High-Fat Diet-Induced Diabetes. Endocrinology 2019; 160:2825-2836. [PMID: 31580427 PMCID: PMC6846328 DOI: 10.1210/en.2018-00936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The transcription factor aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator (ARNT)/hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1β (ARNT/HIF1β) plays a key role in maintaining β-cell function and has been shown to be one of the most downregulated transcription factors in islets from patients with type 2 diabetes. We have shown a role for ARNT/HIF1β in glucose sensing and insulin secretion in vitro and no defects in in vivo glucose homeostasis. To gain a better understanding of the role of ARNT/HIF1β in the development of diabetes, we placed control (+/+/Cre) and β-cell-specific ARNT/HIF1β knockout (fl/fl/Cre) mice on a high-fat diet (HFD). Unlike the control (+/+/Cre) mice, HFD-fed fl/fl/Cre mice had no impairment in in vivo glucose tolerance. The lack of impairment in HFD-fed fl/fl/Cre mice was partly due to an improved islet glucose-stimulated NADPH/NADP+ ratio and glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. The effects of the HFD-rescued insulin secretion in fl/fl/Cre islets could be reproduced by treating low-fat diet (LFD)-fed fl/fl/Cre islets with the lipid signaling molecule 1-monoacylglcyerol. This suggests that the defects seen in LFD-fed fl/fl/Cre islet insulin secretion involve lipid signaling molecules. Overall, mice lacking ARNT/HIF1β in β-cells have altered lipid signaling in vivo and are resistant to an HFD's ability to induce diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Hoang
- School of Pharmacy, University of Waterloo, Kitchener, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Eric Bombardier
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - A Russell Tupling
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jamie W Joseph
- School of Pharmacy, University of Waterloo, Kitchener, Ontario, Canada
- Correspondence: Jamie W. Joseph, PhD, University of Waterloo, 10 Victoria Street South, Building A, Kitchener, Ontario N2G 1C5, Canada. E-mail:
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Ma H, Yuan J, Ma J, Ding J, Lin W, Wang X, Zhang M, Sun Y, Wu R, Liu C, Sun C, Gu Y. BMP7 improves insulin signal transduction in the liver via inhibition of mitogen-activated protein kinases. J Endocrinol 2019; 243:97-110. [PMID: 31394500 DOI: 10.1530/joe-18-0693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Bone morphogenetic protein 7 (BMP7), a member of the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) family, plays pivotal roles in energy expenditure. However, whether and how BMP7 regulates hepatic insulin sensitivity is still poorly understood. Here, we show that hepatic BMP7 expression is reduced in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced diabetic mice and palmitate (PA)-induced insulin-resistant HepG2 and AML12 cells. BMP7 improves insulin signaling pathway in insulin resistant hepatocytes. On the contrary, knockdown of BMP7 further impairs insulin signal transduction in PA-treated cells. Increased expression of BMP7 by adenovirus expressing BMP7 improves hyperglycemia, insulin sensitivity and insulin signal transduction. Furthermore, BMP7 inhibits mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) in both the liver of obese mice and PA-treated cells. In addition, inhibition of MAPKs recapitulates the effects of BMP7 on insulin signal transduction in cultured hepatocytes treated with PA. Activation of p38 MAPK abolishes the BMP7-mediated upregulation of insulin signal transduction both in vitro and in vivo. Together, our results show that hepatic BMP7 has a novel function in regulating insulin sensitivity through inhibition of MAPKs, thus providing new insights into treating insulin resistance-related disorders such as type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Ma
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
- Medical College, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jin Yuan
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jinyu Ma
- Key Laboratory for Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu Province and Ministry of Education, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jie Ding
- Key Laboratory for Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu Province and Ministry of Education, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Weiwei Lin
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical College, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xinlei Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Mingliang Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Clinical Center of Diabetes, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Key Clinical Center for Metabolic Disease, Shanghai, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yi Sun
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
- Medical College, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Runze Wu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
- Medical College, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Chun Liu
- Laboratory Animal Center of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Cheng Sun
- Key Laboratory for Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu Province and Ministry of Education, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yunjuan Gu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
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Sabry MM, Mahmoud MM, Shoukry HS, Rashed L, Kamar SS, Ahmed MM. Interactive effects of apelin, renin-angiotensin system and nitric oxide in treatment of obesity-induced type 2 diabetes mellitus in male albino rats. Arch Physiol Biochem 2019; 125:244-254. [PMID: 29564917 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2018.1453521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Apelin and its receptor (APJ) are involved in the regulation of a variety of pathophysiological processes. We studied the effect of apelin treatment on obesity-induced type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and possible interaction between apelin/APJ system and renin-angiotensin system (RAS). Forty eight male albino rats were divided into two groups: control group and diabetic group. Diabetic group was subdivided into: control diabetic, apelin-treated, apelin + losartan-treated, apelin + l-NAME-treated and losartan-treated diabetic subgroup. Administration of apelin-13 yielded an improvement of IR, dyslipidaemia, inflammation, oxidative stress with significant decrease in AT1R gene expression and significant increase in ACE2 gene expression in adipose tissues. Losartan + apelin yielded a further significant decrease in ATR1 gene expression, glycaemic indices, serum TGs and TPA versus Apelin only. Adding l-NAME in subgroup (2D) reversed the effect of apelin. We suggested that the beneficial effect of Apelin is mainly mediated by NO-activated pathway and/or ACE2/Ang (1-7) dependent pathway.
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MESH Headings
- Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers/administration & dosage
- Animals
- Apelin/administration & dosage
- Biomarkers/analysis
- Blood Glucose/analysis
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/etiology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/pathology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/prevention & control
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/etiology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/pathology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/prevention & control
- Diet, High-Fat/adverse effects
- Drug Therapy, Combination
- Enzyme Inhibitors/administration & dosage
- Insulin/metabolism
- Insulin Resistance
- Losartan/administration & dosage
- Male
- NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester/administration & dosage
- Nitric Oxide/metabolism
- Obesity/complications
- Obesity/etiology
- Obesity/pathology
- Rats
- Renin-Angiotensin System/drug effects
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Affiliation(s)
- Maha Mohamed Sabry
- a Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine , Cairo University , Cairo , Egypt
| | | | - Heba Samy Shoukry
- a Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine , Cairo University , Cairo , Egypt
| | - Laila Rashed
- b Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine , Cairo University , Cairo , Egypt
| | - Samaa Samir Kamar
- c Medical Histology Department, Faculty of Medicine , Cairo University , Cairo , Egypt
| | - Mona Mohamed Ahmed
- a Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine , Cairo University , Cairo , Egypt
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE The importance of swimming in bone metabolism during type 2 diabetes (T2DM) is not well known. Receptor activator of nuclear factor-kB ligand (RANKL)/ osteoprotegerin (OPG) system as a critical pathway in bone remodeling may play a role in pathogenesis of T2DM. Hence, we tested this pathway and the possible beneficial effects of swim training on T2DM. MATERIALS AND METHODS Forty male rats were assigned to groups (n = 10): control(C), diabetic (D), exercised control (E), and diabetic exercised (DE). One week after the induction of diabetes, animals were subjected to swim. At the end of training, fasting blood sugar, insulin, bone and serum OPG and RANKL levels were measured. RESULTS Diabetes significantly increased OPG and decreased RANKL mRNAs and proteins in bone and serum and swim training could reverse these changes to control. CONCLUSION Swim training could partially compensate T2DM associated changes of bone and serum OPG/RANKL in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laleh Pezhman
- a Drug Applied Research Center , Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz , Iran
| | | | - Rafighe Ghiasi
- a Drug Applied Research Center , Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz , Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Alipour
- a Drug Applied Research Center , Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz , Iran
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Orlando P, Chellan N, Louw J, Tiano L, Cirilli I, Dludla P, Joubert E, Muller CJF. Aspalathin-Rich Green Rooibos Extract Lowers LDL-Cholesterol and Oxidative Status in High-Fat Diet-Induced Diabetic Vervet Monkeys. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24091713. [PMID: 31052590 PMCID: PMC6539440 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24091713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetic patients possess a two to four-fold-increased risk for cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Hyperglycemia, oxidative stress associated with endothelial dysfunction and dyslipidemia are regarded as pro-atherogenic mechanisms of CVD. In this study, high-fat diet-induced diabetic and non-diabetic vervet monkeys were treated with 90 mg/kg of aspalathin-rich green rooibos extract (Afriplex GRT) for 28 days, followed by a 1-month wash-out period. Supplementation showed improvements in both the intravenous glucose tolerance test (IVGTT) glycemic area under curve (AUC) and total cholesterol (due to a decrease of the low-density lipoprotein [LDL]) values in diabetics, while non-diabetic monkeys benefited from an increase in high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels. No variation of plasma coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) were found, suggesting that the LDL-lowering effect of Afriplex GRT could be related to its ability to modulate the mevalonate pathway differently from statins. Concerning the plasma oxidative status, a decrease in percentage of oxidized CoQ10 and circulating oxidized LDL (ox-LDL) levels after supplementation was observed in diabetics. Finally, the direct correlation between the amount of oxidized LDL and total LDL concentration, and the inverse correlation between ox-LDL and plasma CoQ10 levels, detected in the diabetic monkeys highlighted the potential cardiovascular protective role of green rooibos extract. Taken together, these findings suggest that Afriplex GRT could counteract hyperglycemia, oxidative stress and dyslipidemia, thereby lowering fundamental cardiovascular risk factors associated with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Orlando
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, DiSVA-Biochemistry, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy.
| | - Nireshni Chellan
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform (BRIP), South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa.
- Division of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa.
| | - Johan Louw
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform (BRIP), South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa.
- Division of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa.
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Zululand, KwaDlangezwa 3886, South Africa.
| | - Luca Tiano
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, DiSVA-Biochemistry, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy.
| | - Ilenia Cirilli
- Department of Clinical Dental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy.
| | - Phiwayinkosi Dludla
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform (BRIP), South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa.
| | - Elizabeth Joubert
- Plant Bioactives Group, Post-Harvest and Agro-Processing Technologies, Agricultural Research Council (ARC), Infruitec-Nietvoorbij, Private Bag X5026, Stellenbosch 7599, South Africa.
- Department of Food Science, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa.
| | - Christo J F Muller
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform (BRIP), South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa.
- Division of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa.
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Zululand, KwaDlangezwa 3886, South Africa.
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Wang C, Xiao Y, Wang J, Hou N, Cui W, Hu X, Zeng F, Yuan Y, Ma D, Sun X, Zhang Y, Zheng W, Liu Y, Shang H, Chen L, Xiao RP, Zhang X. Dynamic changes in insulin and glucagon during disease progression in rhesus monkeys with obesity-related type 2 diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Obes Metab 2019; 21:1111-1120. [PMID: 30575251 DOI: 10.1111/dom.13624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Revised: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To investigate the progression of obesity-related type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in rhesus monkeys, especially dynamic changes in insulin and glucagon. MATERIALS AND METHODS We followed a cohort of 52 rhesus monkeys for 7 years throughout the progression of obesity-related T2DM. Intravenous glucose tolerance tests were performed every 6 months to evaluate dynamic changes in glucose, insulin and glucagon levels. RESULTS Obesity in rhesus monkeys increased the overall mortality and T2DM morbidity. During the progression of T2DM, glucagon remained consistently elevated, while insulin initially increased in compensation but then dropped to below normal levels when the monkeys developed overt T2DM. After a glucose challenge, both the first and second phases of insulin secretion increased during the early stage of T2DM; in later stages the first phase was delayed and the second phase was diminished. CONCLUSION Our findings showed that, beside the decreased insulin level, hyperglucagonaemia also plays an important role in the development of T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Can Wang
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yao Xiao
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jue Wang
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Ning Hou
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Weiyi Cui
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaomin Hu
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Fanxin Zeng
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Ye Yuan
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Dongwei Ma
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xueting Sun
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Biomembrane and Membrane Biotechnology, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wen Zheng
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuli Liu
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Haibao Shang
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Liangyi Chen
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Rui-Ping Xiao
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Biomembrane and Membrane Biotechnology, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiuqin Zhang
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, China
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49
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Feng J, Zhao H, Du M, Wu X. The effect of apelin-13 on pancreatic islet beta cell mass and myocardial fatty acid and glucose metabolism of experimental type 2 diabetic rats. Peptides 2019; 114:1-7. [PMID: 30954534 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2019.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Revised: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Apelin, a new identified adipokine, and its G protein-coupled receptor named APJ are widely expressed in various tissues. Apelin has been found to play important roles in the physiopathology of multiple diseases. Our aim is to assess the effect of long-term apelin treatment on serum insulin level and pancreatic islet beta-cell mass in the late stage of type 2 diabetes without hyperinsulinemia and to investigate the role of apelin in myocardial fatty acid and glucose metabolism. In the present study, the high-fat diet fed-streptozotocin-induced experimental type 2 diabetic rats were given once daily intraperitoneal injection of apelin-13 (0.1 μmol/kg) for 10 weeks. We observed that apelin significantly improved serum insulin reduction and reduced hyperglycemia. Histologic analysis showed that long-term apelin treatment significantly increased pancreatic islet beta cell mass. Exogenous apelin failed to change dyslipidaemia of type 2 diabetic rats. Apelin treatment markedly decreased elevated myocardial FFA and glycogen content. Treatment of type 2 diabetic rats with apelin markedly reduced increased gene expressions of the cardiac fatty acid transporter CD36, CPT-1, and Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-α. Whereas the gene levels of citrate synthase and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1-α (PGC1-α), a transcriptional coactivator, mediating mitochondrial biogenesis in heart were unaltered in response to exogenous apelin. Taken together, longer-term apelin treatment prevented pancreatic beta-cell loss or failure in experimental type 2 diabetic rats. Apelin can regulate myocardial metabolism. Apelin reduced myocadial fatty acid uptake and oxidation through inhibiting PPAR-α but did not affect myocardial mitochondrial biogenesis in type 2 diabetic rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinghui Feng
- Department of Geratology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150001, China
| | - Hang Zhao
- Department of Geratology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150001, China
| | - Mengze Du
- Department of Geratology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150001, China
| | - Xiuping Wu
- Department of Geratology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150001, China.
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50
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Nakano K, Yanobu‐Takanashi R, Takahashi Y, Sasaki H, Shimizu Y, Okamura T, Sasaki N. Novel murine model of congenital diabetes: The insulin hyposecretion mouse. J Diabetes Investig 2019; 10:227-237. [PMID: 29987871 PMCID: PMC6400215 DOI: 10.1111/jdi.12895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Revised: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS/INTRODUCTION Diabetic animal models have made an enormous contribution to our understanding of the etiology of diabetes and the development of new medications. The aim of the present study was to develop and characterize a novel, non-obese murine strain with spontaneous diabetes - the insulin hyposecretion (ihs) mouse. MATERIALS AND METHODS During the development of the ICGN.B6-Tns2WT strain as the control for the ICGN-Tns2nph congenital nephrotic strain, diabetic mice were discovered and named ihs mice. Intraperitoneal insulin tolerance test, oral glucose tolerance test and an insulin secretion experiment by the pancreas perfusion system were carried out on ihs mice. The pancreatic islets were examined histologically, and the mRNA expression of pancreatic β-cell-specific genes or genes associated with monogenic diabetes was examined by RT-qPCR. RESULTS The ihs mice showed several distinctive diabetes-related characteristics: (i) the onset of diabetes was observed only in the male mice; (ii) there were no differences in insulin content between the ihs and control mice; (iii) impaired insulin secretion was elicited by glucose, potassium chloride and sulfonylureas; (iv) there was a significant reduction of relative β-cell volume with no signs of inflammation or fibrosis; (v) they showed a normal glycemic response to exogenous insulin; and (vi) the mice were not obese. CONCLUSIONS The ihs mouse provides a novel murine model of congenital diabetes that shows insulin secretion failure. This model allows not only an analysis of the progression of diabetes, but also the identification of unknown genes involved in insulin secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenta Nakano
- Laboratory of Laboratory Animal Science and MedicineSchool of Veterinary MedicineKitasato UniversityTowadaJapan
- Department of Laboratory Animal MedicineResearch InstituteNational Center for Global Health and Medicine (NCGM)TokyoJapan
| | - Rieko Yanobu‐Takanashi
- Department of Laboratory Animal MedicineResearch InstituteNational Center for Global Health and Medicine (NCGM)TokyoJapan
| | - Yuki Takahashi
- Laboratory of Laboratory Animal Science and MedicineSchool of Veterinary MedicineKitasato UniversityTowadaJapan
| | - Hayato Sasaki
- Laboratory of Laboratory Animal Science and MedicineSchool of Veterinary MedicineKitasato UniversityTowadaJapan
| | - Yukiko Shimizu
- Department of Laboratory Animal MedicineResearch InstituteNational Center for Global Health and Medicine (NCGM)TokyoJapan
| | - Tadashi Okamura
- Department of Laboratory Animal MedicineResearch InstituteNational Center for Global Health and Medicine (NCGM)TokyoJapan
- Section of Animal ModelsDepartment of Infectious DiseasesResearch InstituteNational Center for Global Health and Medicine (NCGM)TokyoJapan
| | - Nobuya Sasaki
- Laboratory of Laboratory Animal Science and MedicineSchool of Veterinary MedicineKitasato UniversityTowadaJapan
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