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Kamuda K, Ronzoni R, Majumdar A, Guan FHX, Irving JA, Lomas DA. A novel pathological mutant reveals the role of torsional flexibility in the serpin breach in adoption of an aggregation-prone intermediate. FEBS J 2024. [PMID: 38523412 DOI: 10.1111/febs.17121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
Mutants of alpha-1-antitrypsin cause the protein to self-associate and form ordered aggregates ('polymers') that are retained within hepatocytes, resulting in a predisposition to the development of liver disease. The associated reduction in secretion, and for some mutants, impairment of function, leads to a failure to protect lung tissue against proteases released during the inflammatory response and an increased risk of emphysema. We report here a novel deficiency mutation (Gly192Cys), that we name the Sydney variant, identified in a patient in heterozygosity with the Z allele (Glu342Lys). Cellular analysis revealed that the novel variant was mostly retained as insoluble polymers within the endoplasmic reticulum. The basis for this behaviour was investigated using biophysical and structural techniques. The variant showed a 40% reduction in inhibitory activity and a reduced stability as assessed by thermal unfolding experiments. Polymerisation involves adoption of an aggregation-prone intermediate and paradoxically the energy barrier for transition to this state was increased by 16% for the Gly192Cys variant with respect to the wild-type protein. However, with activation to the intermediate state, polymerisation occurred at a 3.8-fold faster rate overall. X-ray crystallography provided two crystal structures of the Gly192Cys variant, revealing perturbation within the 'breach' region with Cys192 in two different orientations: in one structure it faces towards the hydrophobic core while in the second it is solvent-exposed. This orientational heterogeneity was confirmed by PEGylation. These data show the critical role of the torsional freedom imparted by Gly192 in inhibitory activity and stability against polymerisation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamila Kamuda
- Division of Medicine, UCL Respiratory, Rayne Institute, University College London, UK
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, Birkbeck College, University College London, UK
| | - Riccardo Ronzoni
- Division of Medicine, UCL Respiratory, Rayne Institute, University College London, UK
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, Birkbeck College, University College London, UK
| | - Avik Majumdar
- AW Morrow Gastroenterology and Liver Centre, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, Australia
- Victorian Liver Transplant Unit, Austin Health, Melbourne, Australia
- The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Fiona H X Guan
- AW Morrow Gastroenterology and Liver Centre, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - James A Irving
- Division of Medicine, UCL Respiratory, Rayne Institute, University College London, UK
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, Birkbeck College, University College London, UK
| | - David A Lomas
- Division of Medicine, UCL Respiratory, Rayne Institute, University College London, UK
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, Birkbeck College, University College London, UK
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2
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Vickers S, Irving J, Lomas DA, Thalassinos K. Native and Ion Mobility Mass Spectrometry Characterization of Alpha 1 Antitrypsin Variants and Oligomers. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2750:41-55. [PMID: 38108966 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3605-3_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
In this chapter, we describe a method for analyzing both recombinant and plasma-derived alpha 1 antitrypsin and its oligomers by means of native ion mobility mass spectrometry. Our experimental workflow can be applied to other variants of alpha 1 antitrypsin and its oligomers as well as being used to probe their interactions with small molecules in the gas phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Vickers
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, Division of Biosciences, University College London, London, UK
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, Birkbeck College, University of London, London, UK
| | - James Irving
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, Birkbeck College, University of London, London, UK
- UCL Respiratory, University College London, London, UK
| | - David A Lomas
- UCL Respiratory, University College London, London, UK
| | - Konstantinos Thalassinos
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, Division of Biosciences, University College London, London, UK.
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, Birkbeck College, University of London, London, UK.
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3
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Bouton MC, Geiger M, Sheffield WP, Irving JA, Lomas DA, Song S, Satyanarayanan RS, Zhang L, McFadden G, Lucas AR. The under-appreciated world of the serpin family of serine proteinase inhibitors. EMBO Mol Med 2023:e17144. [PMID: 37158379 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.202217144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023] Open
Abstract
In the practice of medicine, many fundamental biological pathways that require tight on/off control, such as inflammation and circulatory homeostasis, are regulated by serine proteinases, but we rarely consider the unique protease inhibitors that, in turn, regulate these proteases. The serpins are a family of proteins with a shared tertiary structure, whose members largely act as serine protease inhibitors, found in all forms of life, ranging from viruses, bacteria, and archaea to plants and animals. These proteins represent up to 2-10% of proteins in the human blood and are the third most common protein family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Christine Bouton
- Université Paris Cité and Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, INSERM U1148-LVTS, Paris, France
| | - Margarethe Geiger
- Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Department of Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - James A Irving
- UCLRespiratory, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK
| | - David A Lomas
- UCLRespiratory, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK
| | - Sihong Song
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Ritvik S Satyanarayanan
- Biomedical Engineering, Arizona State University (ASU), Tempe, AZ, USA
- Center for Personalized Diagnostics (CPD), Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University (ASU), Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Liqiang Zhang
- Center for Personalized Diagnostics (CPD), Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University (ASU), Tempe, AZ, USA
- Translational Drug Development (TD2) Inc, Scottsdale, AZ, USA
| | - Grant McFadden
- Center for Immunotherapy, Vaccines and Virotherapy (CIVV), Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University (ASU), Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Alexandra R Lucas
- Center for Personalized Diagnostics (CPD), Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University (ASU), Tempe, AZ, USA
- Center for Immunotherapy, Vaccines and Virotherapy (CIVV), Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University (ASU), Tempe, AZ, USA
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4
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Hayden LP, Hobbs BD, Busch R, Cho MH, Liu M, Lopes-Ramos CM, Lomas DA, Bakke P, Gulsvik A, Silverman EK, Crapo JD, Beaty TH, Laird NM, Lange C, DeMeo DL. X chromosome associations with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and related phenotypes: an X chromosome-wide association study. Respir Res 2023; 24:38. [PMID: 36726148 PMCID: PMC9891756 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-023-02337-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The association between genetic variants on the X chromosome to risk of COPD has not been fully explored. We hypothesize that the X chromosome harbors variants important in determining risk of COPD related phenotypes and may drive sex differences in COPD manifestations. METHODS Using X chromosome data from three COPD-enriched cohorts of adult smokers, we performed X chromosome specific quality control, imputation, and testing for association with COPD case-control status, lung function, and quantitative emphysema. Analyses were performed among all subjects, then stratified by sex, and subsequently combined in meta-analyses. RESULTS Among 10,193 subjects of non-Hispanic white or European ancestry, a variant near TMSB4X, rs5979771, reached genome-wide significance for association with lung function measured by FEV1/FVC ([Formula: see text] 0.020, SE 0.004, p 4.97 × 10-08), with suggestive evidence of association with FEV1 ([Formula: see text] 0.092, SE 0.018, p 3.40 × 10-07). Sex-stratified analyses revealed X chromosome variants that were differentially trending in one sex, with significantly different effect sizes or directions. CONCLUSIONS This investigation identified loci influencing lung function, COPD, and emphysema in a comprehensive genetic association meta-analysis of X chromosome genetic markers from multiple COPD-related datasets. Sex differences play an important role in the pathobiology of complex lung disease, including X chromosome variants that demonstrate differential effects by sex and variants that may be relevant through escape from X chromosome inactivation. Comprehensive interrogation of the X chromosome to better understand genetic control of COPD and lung function is important to further understanding of disease pathology. Trial registration Genetic Epidemiology of COPD Study (COPDGene) is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT00608764 (Active since January 28, 2008). Evaluation of COPD Longitudinally to Identify Predictive Surrogate Endpoints Study (ECLIPSE), GlaxoSmithKline study code SCO104960, is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT00292552 (Active since February 16, 2006). Genetics of COPD in Norway Study (GenKOLS) holds GlaxoSmithKline study code RES11080, Genetics of Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lystra P. Hayden
- grid.38142.3c000000041936754XDivision of Pulmonary Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA ,grid.38142.3c000000041936754XChanning Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 181 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - Brian D. Hobbs
- grid.38142.3c000000041936754XChanning Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 181 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115 USA ,grid.38142.3c000000041936754XDivision of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
| | - Robert Busch
- grid.417587.80000 0001 2243 3366Division of Pulmonology, Allergy, and Critical Care, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD USA
| | - Michael H. Cho
- grid.38142.3c000000041936754XChanning Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 181 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115 USA ,grid.38142.3c000000041936754XDivision of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
| | - Ming Liu
- grid.268323.e0000 0001 1957 0327Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Program, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA USA
| | - Camila M. Lopes-Ramos
- grid.38142.3c000000041936754XChanning Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 181 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115 USA ,grid.38142.3c000000041936754XDepartment of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA USA
| | - David A. Lomas
- grid.83440.3b0000000121901201UCL Respiratory, University College London, London, UK
| | - Per Bakke
- grid.7914.b0000 0004 1936 7443Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Amund Gulsvik
- grid.7914.b0000 0004 1936 7443Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Edwin K. Silverman
- grid.38142.3c000000041936754XChanning Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 181 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115 USA ,grid.38142.3c000000041936754XDivision of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
| | - James D. Crapo
- grid.240341.00000 0004 0396 0728Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO USA
| | - Terri H. Beaty
- grid.21107.350000 0001 2171 9311Johns Hopkins School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Nan M. Laird
- grid.38142.3c000000041936754XDepartment of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA USA
| | - Christoph Lange
- grid.38142.3c000000041936754XDepartment of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA USA
| | - Dawn L. DeMeo
- grid.38142.3c000000041936754XChanning Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 181 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115 USA ,grid.38142.3c000000041936754XDivision of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
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5
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Pranke IM, Chevalier B, Premchandar A, Baatallah N, Tomaszewski KF, Bitam S, Tondelier D, Golec A, Stolk J, Lukacs GL, Hiemstra PS, Dadlez M, Lomas DA, Irving JA, Delaunay-Moisan A, van Anken E, Hinzpeter A, Sermet-Gaudelus I, Edelman A. Keratin 8 is a scaffolding and regulatory protein of ERAD complexes. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:503. [PMID: 36045259 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04528-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Early recognition and enhanced degradation of misfolded proteins by the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) quality control and ER-associated degradation (ERAD) cause defective protein secretion and membrane targeting, as exemplified for Z-alpha-1-antitrypsin (Z-A1AT), responsible for alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency (A1ATD) and F508del-CFTR (cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator) responsible for cystic fibrosis (CF). Prompted by our previous observation that decreasing Keratin 8 (K8) expression increased trafficking of F508del-CFTR to the plasma membrane, we investigated whether K8 impacts trafficking of soluble misfolded Z-A1AT protein. The subsequent goal of this study was to elucidate the mechanism underlying the K8-dependent regulation of protein trafficking, focusing on the ERAD pathway. The results show that diminishing K8 concentration in HeLa cells enhances secretion of both Z-A1AT and wild-type (WT) A1AT with a 13-fold and fourfold increase, respectively. K8 down-regulation triggers ER failure and cellular apoptosis when ER stress is jointly elicited by conditional expression of the µs heavy chains, as previously shown for Hrd1 knock-out. Simultaneous K8 silencing and Hrd1 knock-out did not show any synergistic effect, consistent with K8 acting in the Hrd1-governed ERAD step. Fractionation and co-immunoprecipitation experiments reveal that K8 is recruited to ERAD complexes containing Derlin2, Sel1 and Hrd1 proteins upon expression of Z/WT-A1AT and F508del-CFTR. Treatment of the cells with c407, a small molecule inhibiting K8 interaction, decreases K8 and Derlin2 recruitment to high-order ERAD complexes. This was associated with increased Z-A1AT secretion in both HeLa and Z-homozygous A1ATD patients' respiratory cells. Overall, we provide evidence that K8 acts as an ERAD modulator. It may play a scaffolding protein role for early-stage ERAD complexes, regulating Hrd1-governed retrotranslocation initiation/ubiquitination processes. Targeting K8-containing ERAD complexes is an attractive strategy for the pharmacotherapy of A1ATD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iwona Maria Pranke
- Inserm, U1151, CNRS UMR 8253, Université de Paris, 160 rue de Vaugirard, 75015, Paris, France.
| | - Benoit Chevalier
- Inserm, U1151, CNRS UMR 8253, Université de Paris, 160 rue de Vaugirard, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Aiswarya Premchandar
- Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02106, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Nesrine Baatallah
- Inserm, U1151, CNRS UMR 8253, Université de Paris, 160 rue de Vaugirard, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Kamil F Tomaszewski
- Inserm, U1151, CNRS UMR 8253, Université de Paris, 160 rue de Vaugirard, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Sara Bitam
- Inserm, U1151, CNRS UMR 8253, Université de Paris, 160 rue de Vaugirard, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Danielle Tondelier
- Inserm, U1151, CNRS UMR 8253, Université de Paris, 160 rue de Vaugirard, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Anita Golec
- Inserm, U1151, CNRS UMR 8253, Université de Paris, 160 rue de Vaugirard, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Jan Stolk
- Department of Pulmonology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Gergely L Lukacs
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Pieter S Hiemstra
- Department of Pulmonology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Michal Dadlez
- Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02106, Warsaw, Poland
| | - David A Lomas
- UCL Respiratory and the Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, University College London, London, WC1E 6JF, UK
| | - James A Irving
- UCL Respiratory and the Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, University College London, London, WC1E 6JF, UK
| | - Agnes Delaunay-Moisan
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Eelco van Anken
- Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Alexandre Hinzpeter
- Inserm, U1151, CNRS UMR 8253, Université de Paris, 160 rue de Vaugirard, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Isabelle Sermet-Gaudelus
- Inserm, U1151, CNRS UMR 8253, Université de Paris, 160 rue de Vaugirard, 75015, Paris, France.,Cystic Fibrosis Center, Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Aleksander Edelman
- Inserm, U1151, CNRS UMR 8253, Université de Paris, 160 rue de Vaugirard, 75015, Paris, France.
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6
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Tabberer M, Jones CE, Kilbride S, Halpin DMG, Lomas DA, Pascoe S, Singh D, Wise RA, Criner GJ, Lange P, Dransfield MT, Han MK, Martinez FJ, Kaisermann MC, Lipson DA. Correction to: Single-Inhaler Triple Therapy and Health-Related Quality of Life in COPD: The IMPACT Study. Adv Ther 2022; 39:1446. [PMID: 35060093 DOI: 10.1007/s12325-021-02019-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maggie Tabberer
- GlaxoSmithKline plc, Stockley Park West, Uxbridge, Middlesex, UK.
| | | | - Sally Kilbride
- GlaxoSmithKline plc, Stockley Park West, Uxbridge, Middlesex, UK
| | - David M G Halpin
- University of Exeter Medical School, College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - David A Lomas
- UCL Respiratory, University College London, London, UK
| | | | - Dave Singh
- The Centre for Respiratory Medicine and Allergy, Institute of Inflammation and Repair, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Robert A Wise
- The Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Gerard J Criner
- Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Peter Lange
- University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mark T Dransfield
- The Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Lung Health Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - MeiLan K Han
- University of Michigan, Pulmonary and Critical Care, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Fernando J Martinez
- New York-Presbyterian Hospital/Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - David A Lipson
- GlaxoSmithKline plc, Collegeville, PA, USA
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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7
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Fromme M, Schneider CV, Pereira V, Hamesch K, Pons M, Reichert MC, Benini F, Ellis P, H Thorhauge K, Mandorfer M, Burbaum B, Woditsch V, Chorostowska-Wynimko J, Verbeek J, Nevens F, Genesca J, Miravitlles M, Nuñez A, Schaefer B, Zoller H, Janciauskiene S, Abreu N, Jasmins L, Gaspar R, Liberal R, Macedo G, Mahadeva R, Gomes C, Schneider KM, Trauner M, Krag A, Gooptu B, Thorburn D, Marshall A, Hurst JR, Lomas DA, Lammert F, Gaisa NT, Clark V, Griffiths W, Trautwein C, Turner AM, McElvaney NG, Strnad P. Hepatobiliary phenotypes of adults with alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency. Gut 2022; 71:415-423. [PMID: 33632708 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2020-323729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency (AATD) is a common, potentially lethal inborn disorder caused by mutations in alpha-1 antitrypsin (AAT). Homozygosity for the 'Pi*Z' variant of AAT (Pi*ZZ genotype) causes lung and liver disease, whereas heterozygous 'Pi*Z' carriage (Pi*MZ genotype) predisposes to gallstones and liver fibrosis. The clinical significance of the more common 'Pi*S' variant remains largely undefined and no robust data exist on the prevalence of liver tumours in AATD. DESIGN Baseline phenotypes of AATD individuals and non-carriers were analysed in 482 380 participants in the UK Biobank. 1104 participants of a multinational cohort (586 Pi*ZZ, 239 Pi*SZ, 279 non-carriers) underwent a comprehensive clinical assessment. Associations were adjusted for age, sex, body mass index, diabetes and alcohol consumption. RESULTS Among UK Biobank participants, Pi*ZZ individuals displayed the highest liver enzyme values, the highest occurrence of liver fibrosis/cirrhosis (adjusted OR (aOR)=21.7 (8.8-53.7)) and primary liver cancer (aOR=44.5 (10.8-183.6)). Subjects with Pi*MZ genotype had slightly elevated liver enzymes and moderately increased odds for liver fibrosis/cirrhosis (aOR=1.7 (1.2-2.2)) and cholelithiasis (aOR=1.3 (1.2-1.4)). Individuals with homozygous Pi*S mutation (Pi*SS genotype) harboured minimally elevated alanine aminotransferase values, but no other hepatobiliary abnormalities. Pi*SZ participants displayed higher liver enzymes, more frequent liver fibrosis/cirrhosis (aOR=3.1 (1.1-8.2)) and primary liver cancer (aOR=6.6 (1.6-26.9)). The higher fibrosis burden was confirmed in a multinational cohort. Male sex, age ≥50 years, obesity and the presence of diabetes were associated with significant liver fibrosis. CONCLUSION Our study defines the hepatobiliary phenotype of individuals with the most relevant AATD genotypes including their predisposition to liver tumours, thereby allowing evidence-based advice and individualised hepatological surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malin Fromme
- Medical Clinic III, Gastroenterology, Metabolic Diseases and Intensive Care, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Health Care Provider of the European Reference Network on Rare Liver Disorders (ERN RARE LIVER), Aachen, Germany
| | - Carolin V Schneider
- Medical Clinic III, Gastroenterology, Metabolic Diseases and Intensive Care, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Health Care Provider of the European Reference Network on Rare Liver Disorders (ERN RARE LIVER), Aachen, Germany
| | - Vitor Pereira
- Department of Gastroenterology, Centro Hospitalar do Funchal, Madeira, Portugal
| | - Karim Hamesch
- Medical Clinic III, Gastroenterology, Metabolic Diseases and Intensive Care, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Health Care Provider of the European Reference Network on Rare Liver Disorders (ERN RARE LIVER), Aachen, Germany
| | - Monica Pons
- Liver Unit, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Comunidad de Madrid, Spain
| | - Matthias C Reichert
- Department of Medicine II, Saarland University Medical Center, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Federica Benini
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Medicine, Spedali Civili and University, Brescia, Italy
| | - Paul Ellis
- Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Katrine H Thorhauge
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Mattias Mandorfer
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Health Care Provider of the European Reference Network on Rare Liver Disorders (ERN RARE LIVER), Vienna, Austria
| | - Barbara Burbaum
- Medical Clinic III, Gastroenterology, Metabolic Diseases and Intensive Care, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Health Care Provider of the European Reference Network on Rare Liver Disorders (ERN RARE LIVER), Aachen, Germany
| | - Vivien Woditsch
- Medical Clinic III, Gastroenterology, Metabolic Diseases and Intensive Care, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Health Care Provider of the European Reference Network on Rare Liver Disorders (ERN RARE LIVER), Aachen, Germany
| | - Joanna Chorostowska-Wynimko
- Department of Genetics and Clinical Immunology, National Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases Institute, Warszawa, Poland
| | - Jef Verbeek
- Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, KU Leuven University Hospitals Leuven, Health Care Provider of the European Reference Network on Rare Liver Disorders (ERN RARE LIVER), Leuven, Flanders, Belgium
| | - Frederik Nevens
- Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, KU Leuven University Hospitals Leuven, Health Care Provider of the European Reference Network on Rare Liver Disorders (ERN RARE LIVER), Leuven, Flanders, Belgium
| | - Joan Genesca
- Liver Unit, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Comunidad de Madrid, Spain
| | - Marc Miravitlles
- Pneumology Department, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Vall d'Hebron Hospital Campus, CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alexa Nuñez
- Pneumology Department, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Vall d'Hebron Hospital Campus, CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Benedikt Schaefer
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Tirol, Austria
| | - Heinz Zoller
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Tirol, Austria
| | | | - Nélia Abreu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Centro Hospitalar do Funchal, Madeira, Portugal
| | - Luís Jasmins
- Department of Gastroenterology, Centro Hospitalar do Funchal, Madeira, Portugal
| | - Rui Gaspar
- Gastroenterology Department, Centro Hospitalar de São João, Faculty of Medicine of Porto University, Porto, Portugal
| | - Rodrigo Liberal
- Gastroenterology Department, Centro Hospitalar de São João, Faculty of Medicine of Porto University, Porto, Portugal
| | - Guilherme Macedo
- Gastroenterology Department, Centro Hospitalar de São João, Faculty of Medicine of Porto University, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ravi Mahadeva
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Cambridge University Hospitals, Cambridge, UK
| | - Catarina Gomes
- Gastroenterology Department, Centro Hospitalar de Vila Nova de Gaia Espinho EPE, Vila Nova de Gaia, Porto, Portugal
| | - Kai Markus Schneider
- Medical Clinic III, Gastroenterology, Metabolic Diseases and Intensive Care, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Health Care Provider of the European Reference Network on Rare Liver Disorders (ERN RARE LIVER), Aachen, Germany
| | - Michael Trauner
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Health Care Provider of the European Reference Network on Rare Liver Disorders (ERN RARE LIVER), Vienna, Austria
| | - Aleksander Krag
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Bibek Gooptu
- NIHR Leicester BRC-Respiratory and Leicester Institute of Structural & Chemical Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester, Leicestershire, UK.,London Alpha-1 Antitrypsin Deficiency Service, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK
| | - Douglas Thorburn
- London Alpha-1 Antitrypsin Deficiency Service, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK.,Sheila Sherlock Liver Unit and UCL Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK
| | - Aileen Marshall
- London Alpha-1 Antitrypsin Deficiency Service, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK.,Sheila Sherlock Liver Unit and UCL Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK
| | - John R Hurst
- London Alpha-1 Antitrypsin Deficiency Service, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK.,UCL Respiratory, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK
| | - David A Lomas
- London Alpha-1 Antitrypsin Deficiency Service, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK.,UCL Respiratory, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK
| | - Frank Lammert
- Department of Medicine II, Saarland University Medical Center, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany.,Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hannover, Germany
| | - Nadine T Gaisa
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Virginia Clark
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - William Griffiths
- Department of Hepatology, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, UK
| | - Christian Trautwein
- Medical Clinic III, Gastroenterology, Metabolic Diseases and Intensive Care, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Health Care Provider of the European Reference Network on Rare Liver Disorders (ERN RARE LIVER), Aachen, Germany
| | - Alice M Turner
- Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Noel G McElvaney
- Irish Centre for Genetic Lung Disease, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Pavel Strnad
- Medical Clinic III, Gastroenterology, Metabolic Diseases and Intensive Care, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Health Care Provider of the European Reference Network on Rare Liver Disorders (ERN RARE LIVER), Aachen, Germany
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8
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Lakshman Kumar P, Wilson AC, Rocco A, Cho MH, Wan E, Hobbs BD, Washko GR, Ortega VE, Christenson SA, Li X, Wells JM, Bhatt SP, DeMeo DL, Lutz SM, Rossiter H, Casaburi R, Rennard SI, Lomas DA, Labaki WW, Tal‐Singer R, Bowler RP, Hersh CP, Tiwari HK, Dransfield M, Thalacker‐Mercer A, Meyers DA, Silverman EK, McDonald MN. Genetic variation in genes regulating skeletal muscle regeneration and tissue remodelling associated with weight loss in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2021; 12:1803-1817. [PMID: 34523824 PMCID: PMC8718068 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.12782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is the third leading cause of death globally. COPD patients with cachexia or weight loss have increased risk of death independent of body mass index (BMI) and lung function. We tested the hypothesis genetic variation is associated with weight loss in COPD using a genome-wide association study approach. METHODS Participants with COPD (N = 4308) from three studies (COPDGene, ECLIPSE, and SPIROMICS) were analysed. Discovery analyses were performed in COPDGene with replication in SPIROMICS and ECLIPSE. In COPDGene, weight loss was defined as self-reported unintentional weight loss > 5% in the past year or low BMI (BMI < 20 kg/m2 ). In ECLIPSE and SPIROMICS, weight loss was calculated using available longitudinal visits. Stratified analyses were performed among African American (AA) and Non-Hispanic White (NHW) participants with COPD. Single variant and gene-based analyses were performed adjusting for confounders. Fine mapping was performed using a Bayesian approach integrating genetic association results with linkage disequilibrium and functional annotation. Significant gene networks were identified by integrating genetic regions associated with weight loss with skeletal muscle protein-protein interaction (PPI) data. RESULTS At the single variant level, only the rs35368512 variant, intergenic to GRXCR1 and LINC02383, was associated with weight loss (odds ratio = 3.6, 95% confidence interval = 2.3-5.6, P = 3.2 × 10-8 ) among AA COPD participants in COPDGene. At the gene level in COPDGene, EFNA2 and BAIAP2 were significantly associated with weight loss in AA and NHW COPD participants, respectively. The EFNA2 association replicated among AA from SPIROMICS (P = 0.0014), whereas the BAIAP2 association replicated in NHW from ECLIPSE (P = 0.025). The EFNA2 gene encodes the membrane-bound protein ephrin-A2 involved in the regulation of developmental processes and adult tissue homeostasis such as skeletal muscle. The BAIAP2 gene encodes the insulin-responsive protein of mass 53 kD (IRSp53), a negative regulator of myogenic differentiation. Integration of the gene-based findings participants with PPI data revealed networks of genes involved in pathways such as Rho and synapse signalling. CONCLUSIONS The EFNA2 and BAIAP2 genes were significantly associated with weight loss in COPD participants. Collectively, the integrative network analyses indicated genetic variation associated with weight loss in COPD may influence skeletal muscle regeneration and tissue remodelling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preeti Lakshman Kumar
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of MedicineUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamALUSA
| | - Ava C. Wilson
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of MedicineUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamALUSA
- Department of EpidemiologyUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamALUSA
| | - Alison Rocco
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of MedicineUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamALUSA
- Department of EpidemiologyUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamALUSA
| | - Michael H. Cho
- Channing Division of Network MedicineBrigham and Women's HospitalBostonMAUSA
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care MedicineBrigham and Women's HospitalBostonMAUSA
| | - Emily Wan
- Channing Division of Network MedicineBrigham and Women's HospitalBostonMAUSA
- Veterans Affairs Boston Health Care System, Jamaica PlainBostonMAUSA
| | - Brian D. Hobbs
- Channing Division of Network MedicineBrigham and Women's HospitalBostonMAUSA
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care MedicineBrigham and Women's HospitalBostonMAUSA
| | - George R. Washko
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care MedicineBrigham and Women's HospitalBostonMAUSA
| | - Victor E. Ortega
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy and Immunologic DiseasesWake Forest School of MedicineWinston‐SalemNCUSA
| | - Stephanie A. Christenson
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, & Sleep Medicine, Department of MedicineUniversity of California San FranciscoSan FranciscoCAUSA
| | - Xingnan Li
- Department of MedicineUniversity of Arizona College of MedicineTucsonAZUSA
| | - J. Michael Wells
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of MedicineUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamALUSA
| | - Surya P. Bhatt
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of MedicineUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamALUSA
| | - Dawn L. DeMeo
- Channing Division of Network MedicineBrigham and Women's HospitalBostonMAUSA
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care MedicineBrigham and Women's HospitalBostonMAUSA
| | - Sharon M. Lutz
- Department of Population MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA
| | - Harry Rossiter
- Rehabilitation Clinical Trials CenterLos Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor Harbor‐UCLA Medical CenterTorranceCAUSA
| | - Richard Casaburi
- Rehabilitation Clinical Trials CenterLos Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor Harbor‐UCLA Medical CenterTorranceCAUSA
| | | | | | - Wassim W. Labaki
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care MedicineUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMIUSA
| | | | - Russel P. Bowler
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care & Sleep MedicineNational Jewish HealthDenverCOUSA
| | - Craig P. Hersh
- Channing Division of Network MedicineBrigham and Women's HospitalBostonMAUSA
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care MedicineBrigham and Women's HospitalBostonMAUSA
| | - Hemant K. Tiwari
- Department of BiostatisticsUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamALUSA
| | - Mark Dransfield
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of MedicineUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamALUSA
| | - Anna Thalacker‐Mercer
- Department of Cell Development and Integrative BiologyUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamALUSA
| | - Deborah A. Meyers
- Department of MedicineUniversity of Arizona College of MedicineTucsonAZUSA
| | - Edwin K. Silverman
- Channing Division of Network MedicineBrigham and Women's HospitalBostonMAUSA
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care MedicineBrigham and Women's HospitalBostonMAUSA
| | - Merry‐Lynn N. McDonald
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of MedicineUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamALUSA
- Department of EpidemiologyUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamALUSA
- Department of GeneticsUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamALUSA
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9
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Vass L, Fisk M, Cheriyan J, Mohan D, Forman J, Oseni A, Devaraj A, Mäki-Petäjä KM, McEniery CM, Fuld J, Hopkinson NS, Lomas DA, Cockcroft JR, Tal-Singer R, Polkey MI, Wilkinson IB. Quantitative 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography to assess pulmonary inflammation in COPD. ERJ Open Res 2021; 7:00699-2020. [PMID: 34476245 PMCID: PMC8405867 DOI: 10.1183/23120541.00699-2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale COPD and smoking are characterised by pulmonary inflammation. 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (FDG PET/CT) imaging may improve knowledge of pulmonary inflammation in COPD patients and aid early development of novel therapies as an imaging biomarker. Objectives To evaluate pulmonary inflammation, assessed by FDG uptake, in whole and regional lung in “usual” (smoking-related) COPD patients, alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency (α1ATD) COPD patients, smokers without COPD and never-smokers using FDG PET/CT. Secondly, to explore cross-sectional associations between FDG PET/CT and systemic inflammatory markers in COPD patients and repeatability of the technique in COPD patients. Methods Data from two imaging studies were evaluated. Pulmonary FDG uptake (normalised Ki; nKi) was measured by Patlak graphical analysis in four subject groups: 84 COPD patients, 11 α1ATD-COPD patients, 12 smokers and 10 never-smokers. Within the COPD group, associations between nKi and systemic markers of inflammation were assessed. Repeatability was evaluated in 32 COPD patients comparing nKi values at baseline and at 4-month follow-up. Results COPD patients, α1ATD-COPD patients and smokers had increased whole lung FDG uptake (nKi) compared with never-smokers (0.0037±0.001, 0.0040±0.001, 0.0040±0.001 versus 0.0028±0.001 mL·cm−3·min−1, respectively, p<0.05 for all). Similar results were observed in upper and middle lung regions. In COPD participants, plasma fibrinogen was associated with whole lung nKi (β=0.30, p=0.02) in multivariate analysis adjusted for current smoking, forced expiratory volume in 1 s % predicted, systemic neutrophils and C-reactive protein levels. Mean percentage difference in nKi between the baseline and follow-up was 3.2%, and the within subject coefficient of variability was 7.7%. Conclusions FDG PET/CT has potential as a noninvasive tool to enable whole lung and regional quantification of FDG uptake to assess smoking- and COPD-related pulmonary inflammation. FDG PET/CT has potential utility to noninvasively evaluate pulmonary inflammation in COPD. Pulmonary FDG uptake is increased in COPD patients, positively associated with systemic inflammatory markers and shows low inter-occasion variability.https://bit.ly/3dELYAW
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurence Vass
- Division of Experimental Medicine and Immunotherapeutics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,These authors contributed equally
| | - Marie Fisk
- Division of Experimental Medicine and Immunotherapeutics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,These authors contributed equally
| | - Joseph Cheriyan
- Division of Experimental Medicine and Immunotherapeutics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,Cambridge Clinical Trials Unit, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Julia Forman
- Cambridge Clinical Trials Unit, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Adelola Oseni
- Dept of Radiology, St George's Hospital NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Anand Devaraj
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Kaisa M Mäki-Petäjä
- Division of Experimental Medicine and Immunotherapeutics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Carmel M McEniery
- Division of Experimental Medicine and Immunotherapeutics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jonathan Fuld
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - David A Lomas
- UCL Respiratory, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK
| | - John R Cockcroft
- Dept of Cardiology, Wales Heart Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | | | | | - Ian B Wilkinson
- Division of Experimental Medicine and Immunotherapeutics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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10
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Bafadhel M, Barnes N, Bourke SC, Compton C, Criner GJ, Dransfield MT, Halpin DMG, Han MK, Hartley B, Jones CE, Lange P, Lettis S, Lipson DA, Lomas DA, Martin N, Martinez FJ, Wise R, Singh D. A single blood eosinophil count measurement is as good as two for prediction of ICS treatment response in the IMPACT trial. Eur Respir J 2021; 58:13993003.04522-2020. [PMID: 34385263 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.04522-2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mona Bafadhel
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Neil Barnes
- GSK, Brentford, Middlesex, UK.,Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, UK
| | - Stephen C Bourke
- North Tyneside General Hospital, North Shields, and Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK
| | | | - Gerard J Criner
- Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Mark T Dransfield
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Lung Health Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - David M G Halpin
- University of Exeter Medical School, College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, Exeter, Devon, UK
| | - MeiLan K Han
- Pulmonary & Critical Care, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | | | - Peter Lange
- Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Herlev-Gentofte Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | | | - David A Lipson
- GSK, Collegeville, PA, USA.,Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Division, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - David A Lomas
- UCL Respiratory, University College London, London, UK
| | - Neil Martin
- GSK, Brentford, Middlesex, UK.,University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Fernando J Martinez
- New York-Presbyterian Hospital/Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Robert Wise
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Dave Singh
- University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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11
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Gordon C, Yardley S, Lomas DA, Edwards SJL. Limitations to Contingency Measures: Reflections from COVID-19 Surges in the UK. Am J Bioeth 2021; 21:31-34. [PMID: 34313577 DOI: 10.1080/15265161.2021.1940365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
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12
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Liddle J, Pearce AC, Arico-Muendel C, Belyanskaya S, Brewster A, Brown M, Chung CW, Denis A, Dodic N, Dossang A, Eddershaw P, Klimaszewska D, Haq I, Holmes DS, Jagger A, Jakhria T, Jigorel E, Lind K, Messer J, Neu M, Olszewski A, Ronzoni R, Rowedder J, Rüdiger M, Skinner S, Smith KJ, Trottet L, Uings I, Zhu Z, Irving JA, Lomas DA. The development of highly potent and selective small molecule correctors of Z α 1-antitrypsin misfolding. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2021; 41:127973. [PMID: 33753261 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2021.127973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
α1-antitrypsin deficiency is characterised by the misfolding and intracellular polymerisation of mutant α1-antitrypsin protein within the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) of hepatocytes. Small molecules that bind and stabilise Z α1-antitrypsin were identified via a DNA-encoded library screen. A subsequent structure based optimisation led to a series of highly potent, selective and cellular active α1-antitrypsin correctors.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Liddle
- GlaxoSmithKline, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Herts SG1 2NY, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew C Pearce
- GlaxoSmithKline, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Herts SG1 2NY, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Andrew Brewster
- GlaxoSmithKline, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Herts SG1 2NY, United Kingdom
| | - Murray Brown
- GlaxoSmithKline, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Herts SG1 2NY, United Kingdom
| | - Chun-Wa Chung
- GlaxoSmithKline, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Herts SG1 2NY, United Kingdom
| | - Alexis Denis
- GlaxoSmithKline, Avenue du Quebec, Paris 91140, France
| | - Nerina Dodic
- GlaxoSmithKline, Avenue du Quebec, Paris 91140, France
| | - Anthony Dossang
- GlaxoSmithKline, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Herts SG1 2NY, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Eddershaw
- GlaxoSmithKline, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Herts SG1 2NY, United Kingdom
| | - Diana Klimaszewska
- GlaxoSmithKline, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Herts SG1 2NY, United Kingdom
| | - Imran Haq
- UCL Respiratory, Rayne Institute, University College London, London WC1E 6JF, United Kingdom
| | - Duncan S Holmes
- GlaxoSmithKline, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Herts SG1 2NY, United Kingdom
| | - Alistair Jagger
- UCL Respiratory, Rayne Institute, University College London, London WC1E 6JF, United Kingdom
| | - Toral Jakhria
- GlaxoSmithKline, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Herts SG1 2NY, United Kingdom
| | | | - Ken Lind
- GlaxoSmithKline, Cambridge Park Drive, 6th Floor, Cambridge, MA 02140, USA
| | - Jeff Messer
- GlaxoSmithKline, Cambridge Park Drive, 6th Floor, Cambridge, MA 02140, USA
| | - Margaret Neu
- GlaxoSmithKline, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Herts SG1 2NY, United Kingdom
| | - Allison Olszewski
- GlaxoSmithKline, Cambridge Park Drive, 6th Floor, Cambridge, MA 02140, USA
| | - Riccardo Ronzoni
- UCL Respiratory, Rayne Institute, University College London, London WC1E 6JF, United Kingdom
| | - James Rowedder
- GlaxoSmithKline, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Herts SG1 2NY, United Kingdom
| | - Martin Rüdiger
- GlaxoSmithKline, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Herts SG1 2NY, United Kingdom
| | - Steve Skinner
- GlaxoSmithKline, Cambridge Park Drive, 6th Floor, Cambridge, MA 02140, USA
| | - Kathrine J Smith
- GlaxoSmithKline, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Herts SG1 2NY, United Kingdom
| | | | - Iain Uings
- GlaxoSmithKline, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Herts SG1 2NY, United Kingdom
| | - Zhengrong Zhu
- GlaxoSmithKline, Cambridge Park Drive, 6th Floor, Cambridge, MA 02140, USA
| | - James A Irving
- UCL Respiratory, Rayne Institute, University College London, London WC1E 6JF, United Kingdom
| | - David A Lomas
- UCL Respiratory, Rayne Institute, University College London, London WC1E 6JF, United Kingdom.
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13
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Ronzoni R, Ferrarotti I, D’Acunto E, Balderacchi AM, Ottaviani S, Lomas DA, Irving JA, Miranda E, Fra A. The Importance of N186 in the Alpha-1-Antitrypsin Shutter Region Is Revealed by the Novel Bologna Deficiency Variant. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:5668. [PMID: 34073489 PMCID: PMC8198886 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Alpha-1-antitrypsin (AAT) deficiency causes pulmonary disease due to decreased levels of circulating AAT and consequently unbalanced protease activity in the lungs. Deposition of specific AAT variants, such as the common Z AAT, within hepatocytes may also result in liver disease. These deposits are comprised of ordered polymers of AAT formed by an inter-molecular domain swap. The discovery and characterization of rare variants of AAT and other serpins have historically played a crucial role in the dissection of the structural mechanisms leading to AAT polymer formation. Here, we report a severely deficient shutter region variant, Bologna AAT (N186Y), which was identified in five unrelated subjects with different geographical origins. We characterized the new variant by expression in cellular models in comparison with known polymerogenic AAT variants. Bologna AAT showed secretion deficiency and intracellular accumulation as detergent-insoluble polymers. Extracellular polymers were detected in both the culture media of cells expressing Bologna AAT and in the plasma of a patient homozygous for this variant. Structural modelling revealed that the mutation disrupts the hydrogen bonding network in the AAT shutter region. These data support a crucial coordinating role for asparagine 186 and the importance of this network in promoting formation of the native structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Ronzoni
- UCL Respiratory and the Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, University College London, London WC1E 6JF, UK; (D.A.L.); (J.A.I.)
| | - Ilaria Ferrarotti
- Pneumology Unit, Centre for Diagnosis of Inherited Alpha-1 Antitrypsin Deficiency, Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, IRCCS San Matteo Hospital Foundation, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (I.F.); (A.M.B.); (S.O.)
| | - Emanuela D’Acunto
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies ‘Charles Darwin’, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (E.D.); (E.M.)
| | - Alice M. Balderacchi
- Pneumology Unit, Centre for Diagnosis of Inherited Alpha-1 Antitrypsin Deficiency, Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, IRCCS San Matteo Hospital Foundation, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (I.F.); (A.M.B.); (S.O.)
| | - Stefania Ottaviani
- Pneumology Unit, Centre for Diagnosis of Inherited Alpha-1 Antitrypsin Deficiency, Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, IRCCS San Matteo Hospital Foundation, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (I.F.); (A.M.B.); (S.O.)
| | - David A. Lomas
- UCL Respiratory and the Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, University College London, London WC1E 6JF, UK; (D.A.L.); (J.A.I.)
| | - James A. Irving
- UCL Respiratory and the Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, University College London, London WC1E 6JF, UK; (D.A.L.); (J.A.I.)
| | - Elena Miranda
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies ‘Charles Darwin’, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (E.D.); (E.M.)
- Italian Pasteur Institute—Cenci Bolognetti Foundation, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Annamaria Fra
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, viale Europa 11, 25123 Brescia, Italy
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14
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Raccosta S, Librizzi F, Jagger AM, Noto R, Martorana V, Lomas DA, Irving JA, Manno M. Scaling Concepts in Serpin Polymer Physics. Materials (Basel) 2021; 14:ma14102577. [PMID: 34063488 PMCID: PMC8156723 DOI: 10.3390/ma14102577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
α1-Antitrypsin is a protease inhibitor belonging to the serpin family. Serpin polymerisation is at the core of a class of genetic conformational diseases called serpinopathies. These polymers are known to be unbranched, flexible, and heterogeneous in size with a beads-on-a-string appearance viewed by negative stain electron microscopy. Here, we use atomic force microscopy and time-lapse dynamic light scattering to measure polymer size and shape for wild-type (M) and Glu342→Lys (Z) α1-antitrypsin, the most common variant that leads to severe pathological deficiency. Our data for small polymers deposited onto mica and in solution reveal a power law relation between the polymer size, namely the end-to-end distance or the hydrodynamic radius, and the polymer mass, proportional to the contour length. We use the scaling concepts of polymer physics to assess that α1-antitrypsin polymers are random linear chains with a low persistence length.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuele Raccosta
- Institute of Biophysics, National Research Council of Italy, via Ugo La Malfa 153, 90146 Palermo, Italy; (S.R.); (F.L.); (R.N.); (V.M.)
| | - Fabio Librizzi
- Institute of Biophysics, National Research Council of Italy, via Ugo La Malfa 153, 90146 Palermo, Italy; (S.R.); (F.L.); (R.N.); (V.M.)
| | - Alistair M. Jagger
- UCL Respiratory, University College London, 5 University Street, London WC1E 6JF, UK; (A.M.J.); (D.A.L.); (J.A.I.)
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BN, UK
| | - Rosina Noto
- Institute of Biophysics, National Research Council of Italy, via Ugo La Malfa 153, 90146 Palermo, Italy; (S.R.); (F.L.); (R.N.); (V.M.)
| | - Vincenzo Martorana
- Institute of Biophysics, National Research Council of Italy, via Ugo La Malfa 153, 90146 Palermo, Italy; (S.R.); (F.L.); (R.N.); (V.M.)
| | - David A. Lomas
- UCL Respiratory, University College London, 5 University Street, London WC1E 6JF, UK; (A.M.J.); (D.A.L.); (J.A.I.)
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BN, UK
| | - James A. Irving
- UCL Respiratory, University College London, 5 University Street, London WC1E 6JF, UK; (A.M.J.); (D.A.L.); (J.A.I.)
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BN, UK
| | - Mauro Manno
- Institute of Biophysics, National Research Council of Italy, via Ugo La Malfa 153, 90146 Palermo, Italy; (S.R.); (F.L.); (R.N.); (V.M.)
- Correspondence:
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15
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Dransfield MT, Crim C, Criner GJ, Day NC, Halpin DMG, Han MK, Jones CE, Kilbride S, LaFon D, Lipson DA, Lomas DA, Martin N, Martinez FJ, Singh D, Wise RA, Lange P. Risk of Exacerbation and Pneumonia with Single-Inhaler Triple versus Dual Therapy in IMPACT. Ann Am Thorac Soc 2021; 18:788-798. [PMID: 33108212 PMCID: PMC8086537 DOI: 10.1513/annalsats.202002-096oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale: In the IMPACT (Informing the Pathway of COPD Treatment) trial, single-inhaler fluticasone furoate/umeclidinium/vilanterol (FF/UMEC/VI) triple therapy reduced exacerbation risk versus FF/VI and UMEC/VI and mortality risk versus UMEC/VI. However, pneumonia incidence was higher in the inhaled corticosteroid (FF)-containing arms, raising questions about the relative benefit of exacerbation reduction compared with the increased risk of pneumonia.Objectives: Determine benefit-risk of the three treatments by evaluating time-to-first and rates of composite exacerbation or pneumonia outcomes.Methods: We evaluated time-to-first (prespecified) and rates (post hoc) of investigator-reported pneumonia, serious pneumonia leading to hospitalization or death, and the composite endpoints of 1) moderate (required antibiotics/corticosteroids)/severe (hospitalized) exacerbation or pneumonia and 2) severe exacerbation or serious (hospitalized) pneumonia. Analyses were repeated for radiographically confirmed pneumonia (post hoc).Results: Moderate/severe exacerbations occurred in 47%, 49%, and 50% of patients randomized to FF/UMEC/VI, FF/VI and UMEC/VI, and pneumonias in 8%, 7%, and 5%, respectively. FF/UMEC/VI reduced the risk of combined moderate/severe exacerbation or pneumonia (time-to-first) versus FF/VI (hazard ratio, 0.87 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.82-0.92]) and UMEC/VI (0.87 [0.81-0.94]), as well as the risk of combined severe exacerbation or serious pneumonia versus UMEC/VI (0.83 [0.72-0.96]). FF/UMEC/VI reduced the rate of combined moderate/severe exacerbation or pneumonia (rate ratio, 0.78 [0.72-0.84]) and combined severe exacerbation or serious pneumonia (rate ratio, 0.76 [0.65-0.89]) versus UMEC/VI. Results were similar for radiographically confirmed pneumonia endpoints.Conclusions: Despite higher incidence of pneumonia in FF-containing arms, these composite exacerbation/pneumonia outcomes support a favorable benefit-risk profile of FF/UMEC/VI versus FF/VI and UMEC/VI in patients with symptomatic chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and a history of exacerbations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark T. Dransfield
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Lung Health Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Courtney Crim
- Clinical Sciences–Respiratory, GlaxoSmithKline, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | - Gerard J. Criner
- Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Nicola C. Day
- GlaxoSmithKline, Uxbridge, Middlesex, United Kingdom
| | - David M. G. Halpin
- University of Exeter Medical School, College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - MeiLan K. Han
- Pulmonary and Critical Care, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - C. Elaine Jones
- Clinical Sciences–Respiratory, GlaxoSmithKline, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | | | - David LaFon
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Lung Health Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - David A. Lipson
- Clinical Sciences, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, Pennsylvania
- Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Division, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - David A. Lomas
- UCL Respiratory, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Neil Martin
- Global Medical Affairs, GlaxoSmithKline, Brentford, Middlesex, United Kingdom
- Institute for Lung Health, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | | | - Dave Singh
- Centre for Respiratory Medicine and Allergy, Institute of Inflammation and Repair, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Robert A. Wise
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Peter Lange
- Section of Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; and
- Medical Department, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
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16
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Shipley RJ, Brealey D, Haniffa R, Elwell C, Baker T, Lomas DA, Singer M. Lessons and risks of medical device deployment in a global pandemic. Lancet Glob Health 2021; 9:e395-e396. [PMID: 33548177 PMCID: PMC7906742 DOI: 10.1016/s2214-109x(21)00028-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca J Shipley
- UCL Mechanical Engineering, University College London, London, UK; UCL Institute of Healthcare Engineering, University College London, London, UK; NIHR UCLH Biomedical Research Centre, London, UK.
| | - David Brealey
- Bloomsbury Institute of Intensive Care Medicine, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK; NIHR UCLH Biomedical Research Centre, London, UK; Intensive Care Unit, UCL Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Rashan Haniffa
- Intensive Care Unit, UCL Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK; Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Mahidol Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Bangkok, Thailand; National Intensive Care Surveillance-MORU, Colombo, Sri Lanka
| | - Clare Elwell
- UCL Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, London, UK
| | - Tim Baker
- UCL Mechanical Engineering, University College London, London, UK
| | - David A Lomas
- Office of the Vice Provost (Health), University College London, London, UK
| | - Mervyn Singer
- Bloomsbury Institute of Intensive Care Medicine, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK; NIHR UCLH Biomedical Research Centre, London, UK; Intensive Care Unit, UCL Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
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17
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Ronzoni R, Heyer‐Chauhan N, Fra A, Pearce AC, Rüdiger M, Miranda E, Irving JA, Lomas DA. The molecular species responsible for α 1 -antitrypsin deficiency are suppressed by a small molecule chaperone. FEBS J 2021; 288:2222-2237. [PMID: 33058391 PMCID: PMC8436759 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The formation of ordered Z (Glu342Lys) α1 -antitrypsin polymers in hepatocytes is central to liver disease in α1 -antitrypsin deficiency. In vitro experiments have identified an intermediate conformational state (M*) that precedes polymer formation, but this has yet to be identified in vivo. Moreover, the mechanism of polymer formation and their fate in cells have been incompletely characterised. We have used cell models of disease in conjunction with conformation-selective monoclonal antibodies and a small molecule inhibitor of polymerisation to define the dynamics of polymer formation, accumulation and secretion. Pulse-chase experiments demonstrate that Z α1 -antitrypsin accumulates as short-chain polymers that partition with soluble cellular components and are partially secreted by cells. These precede the formation of larger, insoluble polymers with a longer half-life (10.9 ± 1.7 h and 20.9 ± 7.4 h for soluble and insoluble polymers, respectively). The M* intermediate (or a by-product thereof) was identified in the cells by a conformation-specific monoclonal antibody. This was completely abrogated by treatment with the small molecule, which also blocked the formation of intracellular polymers. These data allow us to conclude that the M* conformation is central to polymerisation of Z α1 -antitrypsin in vivo; preventing its accumulation represents a tractable approach for pharmacological treatment of this condition; polymers are partially secreted; and polymers exist as two distinct populations in cells whose different dynamics have likely consequences for the aetiology of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Annamaria Fra
- Department of Molecular and Translational MedicineUniversity of BresciaItaly
| | | | | | - Elena Miranda
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies‘Charles Darwin’ and Pasteur Institute – Cenci‐Bolognetti FoundationSapienza University of RomeItaly
| | - James A. Irving
- UCL RespiratoryDivision of MedicineUniversity College LondonUK
| | - David A. Lomas
- UCL RespiratoryDivision of MedicineUniversity College LondonUK
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18
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Celli B, Locantore N, Yates JC, Bakke P, Calverley PMA, Crim C, Coxson HO, Lomas DA, MacNee W, Miller BE, Mullerova H, Rennard SI, Silverman EK, Wouters E, Tal-Singer R, Agusti A, Vestbo J. Markers of disease activity in COPD: an 8-year mortality study in the ECLIPSE cohort. Eur Respir J 2021; 57:13993003.01339-2020. [PMID: 33303557 PMCID: PMC7991608 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.01339-2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Rationale There are no validated measures of disease activity in COPD. Since “active” disease is expected to have worse outcomes (e.g. mortality), we explored potential markers of disease activity in patients enrolled in the ECLIPSE cohort in relation to 8-year all-cause mortality. Methods We investigated 1) how changes in relevant clinical variables over time (1 or 3 years) relate to 8-year mortality; 2) whether these variables inter-relate; and 3) if any clinical, imaging and/or biological marker measured cross-sectionally at baseline relates to any activity component. Results Results showed that 1) after 1 year, hospitalisation for COPD, exacerbation frequency, worsening of body mass index, airflow obstruction, dyspnoea and exercise (BODE) index or health status (St George's Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ)) and persistence of systemic inflammation were significantly associated with 8-year mortality; 2) at 3 years, the same markers, plus forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) decline and to a lesser degree computed tomography (CT) emphysema, showed association, thus qualifying as markers of disease activity; 3) changes in FEV1, inflammatory cytokines and CT emphysema were not inter-related, while the multidimensional indices (BODE and SGRQ) showed modest correlations; and 4) changes in these markers could not be predicted by any baseline cross-sectional measure. Conclusions In COPD, 1- and 3-year changes in exacerbation frequency, systemic inflammation, BODE and SGRQ scores and FEV1 decline are independent markers of disease activity associated with 8-year all-cause mortality. These disease activity markers are generally independent and not predictable from baseline measurements. In patients with COPD, 1- and 3-year changes in exacerbation frequency, systemic inflammation, BODE and SGRQ scores, and FEV1 decline, are independent markers of disease activity associated with 8-year all-cause mortalityhttps://bit.ly/2CyifcN
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Affiliation(s)
- Bartolome Celli
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Joint first authors
| | | | | | - Per Bakke
- Institute of Internal Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Peter M A Calverley
- Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | | | - Harvey O Coxson
- Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - David A Lomas
- UCL Respiratory, Rayne Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | | | | | | | | | - Edwin K Silverman
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Emiel Wouters
- University of Maastricht, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Health, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Alvar Agusti
- Respiratory Institute, Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain.,Joint senior authors
| | - Jørgen Vestbo
- Division of Infection, Immunity and Respiratory Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.,Joint senior authors
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19
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Lomas DA, Irving JA, Arico‐Muendel C, Belyanskaya S, Brewster A, Brown M, Chung C, Dave H, Denis A, Dodic N, Dossang A, Eddershaw P, Klimaszewska D, Haq I, Holmes DS, Hutchinson JP, Jagger AM, Jakhria T, Jigorel E, Liddle J, Lind K, Marciniak SJ, Messer J, Neu M, Olszewski A, Ordonez A, Ronzoni R, Rowedder J, Rüdiger M, Skinner S, Smith KJ, Terry R, Trottet L, Uings I, Wilson S, Zhu Z, Pearce AC. Development of a small molecule that corrects misfolding and increases secretion of Z α 1 -antitrypsin. EMBO Mol Med 2021; 13:e13167. [PMID: 33512066 PMCID: PMC7933930 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.202013167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe α1 -antitrypsin deficiency results from the Z allele (Glu342Lys) that causes the accumulation of homopolymers of mutant α1 -antitrypsin within the endoplasmic reticulum of hepatocytes in association with liver disease. We have used a DNA-encoded chemical library to undertake a high-throughput screen to identify small molecules that bind to, and stabilise Z α1 -antitrypsin. The lead compound blocks Z α1 -antitrypsin polymerisation in vitro, reduces intracellular polymerisation and increases the secretion of Z α1 -antitrypsin threefold in an iPSC model of disease. Crystallographic and biophysical analyses demonstrate that GSK716 and related molecules bind to a cryptic binding pocket, negate the local effects of the Z mutation and stabilise the bound state against progression along the polymerisation pathway. Oral dosing of transgenic mice at 100 mg/kg three times a day for 20 days increased the secretion of Z α1 -antitrypsin into the plasma by sevenfold. There was no observable clearance of hepatic inclusions with respect to controls over the same time period. This study provides proof of principle that "mutation ameliorating" small molecules can block the aberrant polymerisation that underlies Z α1 -antitrypsin deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Lomas
- UCL RespiratoryRayne InstituteUniversity College LondonLondonUK
| | - James A Irving
- UCL RespiratoryRayne InstituteUniversity College LondonLondonUK
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Imran Haq
- UCL RespiratoryRayne InstituteUniversity College LondonLondonUK
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20
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McKimpson WM, Chen Y, Irving JA, Zheng M, Weinberger J, Tan WLW, Tiang Z, Jagger AM, Chua SC, Pessin JE, Foo RSY, Lomas DA, Kitsis RN. Conversion of the death inhibitor ARC to a killer activates pancreatic β cell death in diabetes. Dev Cell 2021; 56:747-760.e6. [PMID: 33667344 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2021.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Loss of insulin-secreting pancreatic β cells through apoptosis contributes to the progression of type 2 diabetes, but underlying mechanisms remain elusive. Here, we identify a pathway in which the cell death inhibitor ARC paradoxically becomes a killer during diabetes. While cytoplasmic ARC maintains β cell viability and pancreatic architecture, a pool of ARC relocates to the nucleus to induce β cell apoptosis in humans with diabetes and several pathophysiologically distinct mouse models. β cell death results through the coordinate downregulation of serpins (serine protease inhibitors) not previously known to be synthesized and secreted by β cells. Loss of the serpin α1-antitrypsin from the extracellular space unleashes elastase, triggering the disruption of β cell anchorage and subsequent cell death. Administration of α1-antitrypsin to mice with diabetes prevents β cell death and metabolic abnormalities. These data uncover a pathway for β cell loss in type 2 diabetes and identify an FDA-approved drug that may impede progression of this syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendy M McKimpson
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA; Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Yun Chen
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA; Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - James A Irving
- UCL Respiratory Medicine, University College London, London WC1E 6BN, UK; Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology/Birkbeck, University of London, London WC1E 7HX, UK
| | - Min Zheng
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA; Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Jeremy Weinberger
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA; Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Wilson Lek Wen Tan
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, National University Health Systems, Singapore, Singapore; Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Zenia Tiang
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, National University Health Systems, Singapore, Singapore; Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Alistair M Jagger
- UCL Respiratory Medicine, University College London, London WC1E 6BN, UK; Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology/Birkbeck, University of London, London WC1E 7HX, UK
| | - Streamson C Chua
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA; Einstein-Mount Sinai Diabetes Research Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Jeffrey E Pessin
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA; Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA; Einstein-Mount Sinai Diabetes Research Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Roger S-Y Foo
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, National University Health Systems, Singapore, Singapore; Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - David A Lomas
- UCL Respiratory Medicine, University College London, London WC1E 6BN, UK; Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology/Birkbeck, University of London, London WC1E 7HX, UK
| | - Richard N Kitsis
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA; Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA; Einstein-Mount Sinai Diabetes Research Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA; Albert Einstein Cancer Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA.
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21
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Bourdin A, Criner G, Devouassoux G, Dransfield M, Halpin DM, Han MK, Jones CE, Kalhan R, Lange P, Lettis S, Lipson DA, Lomas DA, Echave-Sustaeta María-Tomé JM, Martin N, Martinez FJ, Quasny H, Sail L, Siler TM, Singh D, Thomashow B, Watz H, Hanania NA. InforMing the PAthway of COPD Treatment (IMPACT Trial) Single-Inhaler Triple Therapy (Fluticasone Furoate/Umeclidinium/Vilanterol) Versus Fluticasone Furoate/Vilanterol and Umeclidinium/Vilanterol in Patients With COPD: Analysis of the Western Europe and North America Regions. Chronic Obstr Pulm Dis 2021; 8:76-90. [PMID: 33156982 PMCID: PMC8047616 DOI: 10.15326/jcopdf.2020.0158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The InforMing the Pathway of COPD Treatment (IMPACT) trial demonstrated lower moderate/severe exacerbation rates with fluticasone furoate/umeclidinium/vilanterol (FF/UMEC/VI) versus FF/VI or UMEC/VI in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and a history of exacerbations. Since IMPACT was a global study, post-hoc analyses were conducted by geographic region to investigate potential differences in overall findings. METHODS IMPACT was a 52-week, randomized, double-blind trial. Patients with symptomatic COPD and ≥1 moderate/severe exacerbation in the prior year were randomized 2:2:1 to once-daily FF/UMEC/VI 100/62.5/25µg, FF/VI 100/25µg, or UMEC/VI 62.5/25µg. Endpoints assessed in the overall, Western Europe and North America populations included on-treatment moderate/severe exacerbation (rates and time-to-first), trough forced expiratory volume in 1 second and St George's Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ) total score. Safety was assessed. RESULTS Overall, 10,355 patients were enrolled, 3164 from Western Europe, 2639 from North America. FF/UMEC/VI significantly reduced on-treatment moderate/severe exacerbation rates versus FF/VI and UMEC/VI in Western Europe (rate ratios 0.82 [95%CI 0.74-0.91], P<.001 and 0.76 [0.67-0.87], P<.001) and in North America (0.87 [0.77-0.97], P=.014 and 0.69 [0.60-0.80], P<.001). FF/UMEC/VI reduced time-to-first moderate/severe exacerbation and improved lung function versus FF/VI and UMEC/VI in both regions, and improved SGRQ total score in Western Europe, but not North America. Safety profiles were generally similar between treatment groups/regions; the inhaled corticosteroid class effect of increased pneumonia incidence was seen in North America but not Western Europe. CONCLUSION Consistent with intent-to-treat results, FF/UMEC/VI reduced moderate/severe exacerbation rate and risk and improved lung function in Western Europe and North America; however, between-regions differences were seen for SGRQ total score and pneumonia incidence. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION NCT02164513.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnaud Bourdin
- Department of Pneumology and Addictology, University of Montpellier, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Gerard Criner
- Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Gilles Devouassoux
- Univ. Lyon, Université Claude-Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
- Hôpital de la Croix-Rousse, Service de Pneumologie, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Mark Dransfield
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Lung Health Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Alabama, United States
| | - David M.G. Halpin
- College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - MeiLan K. Han
- Pulmonary and Critical Care, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
| | - C. Elaine Jones
- GlaxoSmithKline, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, United States
| | - Ravi Kalhan
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, United States
| | - Peter Lange
- Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Medical Department, Herlev University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Sally Lettis
- Department of Pneumology and Addictology, University of Montpellier, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - David A. Lipson
- GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, Pennsylvania, United States
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - David A. Lomas
- UCL Respiratory, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Neil Martin
- GlaxoSmithKline, Brentford, Middlesex, United Kingdom
- University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | | | - Holly Quasny
- GlaxoSmithKline, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, United States
| | | | - Thomas M. Siler
- Midwest Chest Consultants, PC, St. Charles, Missouri, United States
| | - Dave Singh
- The University of Manchester, Manchester University National Health Service Foundation Trust, United Kingdom
| | - Byron Thomashow
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, United States
| | - Henrik Watz
- Pulmonary Research Institute at Lungen Clinic Grosshansdorf, Airway Research Center North, German Center for Lung Research, Grosshansdorf, Germany
| | - Nicola A. Hanania
- Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Airways Clinical Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States
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22
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Han MK, Criner GJ, Dransfield MT, Halpin DM, Jones CE, Kilbride S, Lange P, Lettis S, Lipson DA, Lomas DA, Martin N, Martinez FJ, Wise RA, Naya IP, Singh D. Prognostic value of clinically important deterioration in COPD: IMPACT trial analysis. ERJ Open Res 2021; 7:00663-2020. [PMID: 33718490 PMCID: PMC7938047 DOI: 10.1183/23120541.00663-2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Clinically important deterioration (CID) is a multicomponent measure for assessing disease worsening in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). This analysis investigated the prognostic value of a CID event on future clinical outcomes and the effect of single-inhaler triple versus dual therapy on reducing CID risk in patients in the IMPACT trial. METHODS IMPACT was a phase III, double-blind, 52-week, multicentre trial. Patients with symptomatic COPD and at least one moderate/severe exacerbation in the prior year were randomised 2:2:1 to fluticasone furoate/umeclidinium/vilanterol (FF/UMEC/VI) 100/62.5/25 µg, FF/VI 100/25 µg or UMEC/VI 62.5/25 µg. CID at the time-point of interest was defined as a moderate/severe exacerbation, ≥100 mL decrease in trough forced expiratory volume in 1 s or deterioration in health status (increase of ≥4.0 units in St George's Respiratory Questionnaire total score or increase of ≥2.0 units in COPD Assessment Test score) from baseline. A treatment-independent post hoc prognostic analysis compared clinical outcomes up to week 52 in patients with/without a CID by week 28. A prospective analysis evaluated time to first CID with each treatment. RESULTS Patients with a CID by week 28 had significantly increased exacerbation rates after week 28, smaller improvements in lung function and health status at week 52 (all p<0.001), and increased risk of all-cause mortality after week 28 versus patients who were CID-free. FF/UMEC/VI significantly reduced CID risk versus dual therapies (all p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS Prevention of short-term disease worsening was associated with better long-term clinical outcomes. FF/UMEC/VI reduced CID risk versus dual therapies; this effect may improve long-term prognosis in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- MeiLan K. Han
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Gerard J. Criner
- Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Mark T. Dransfield
- Lung Health Center, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - David M.G. Halpin
- Medical School, College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | | | | | - Peter Lange
- Section of Epidemiology, Dept of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Medical Dept, Herlev Gentofte Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | | | - David A. Lipson
- GSK, Collegeville, PA, USA
- Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Division, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Neil Martin
- GSK, Brentford, UK
- Institute for Lung Health, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | | | - Robert A. Wise
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ian P. Naya
- GSK, Brentford, UK
- These authors contributed equally
| | - Dave Singh
- Centre for Respiratory Medicine and Allergy, Institute of Inflammation and Repair, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
- These authors contributed equally
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23
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Abbas SH, Pickett E, Lomas DA, Thorburn D, Gooptu B, Hurst JR, Marshall A. Non-invasive testing for liver pathology in alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency. BMJ Open Respir Res 2020; 7:7/1/e000820. [PMID: 33323365 PMCID: PMC7745521 DOI: 10.1136/bmjresp-2020-000820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Many patients with alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency (A1ATD) receive care in respiratory clinics without access to specialist hepatology expertise. Liver disease can develop asymptomatically, and non-invasive markers of fibrosis may help identify patients who require definitive assessment with liver biopsy. We evaluated the utility of non-invasive markers of liver fibrosis in A1ATD to guide testing in settings without ready access to hepatology expertise. Methods Patients attending the London A1ATD service undergo assessment using blood tests to calculate the ‘APRI’ and ‘FIB-4’ score, liver ultrasound and Fibroscan. Liver biopsy is offered to patients who have abnormal liver function tests with abnormal liver ultrasound and/or liver stiffness >6 kPa on Fibroscan. Liver biopsies were assessed for the presence of A1AT, steatosis, fibrosis and inflammation. Results 75 patients with A1ATD had results for analysis, 56% were female, age 16–82 years. 75% of patients had Fibroscan <6 kPa, 19% had Fibroscan 6–7.9 kPa and 6%>8 kPa. There was a significant correlation between FIB-4 and Fibroscan (r=0.244, p=0.035). Fibroscan >6 kPa corresponded to a FIB-4 score of >1.26. However, FIB-4 >1.26 had poor sensitivity (47%), specificity (32%) and positive-predictive value (PPV; 36%) to identify Fibroscan >6 kPa. The negative-predictive value (NPV) was stronger at 81%. APRI data were similar. Twelve patients underwent liver biopsy, with 11 reports available for analysis. Six had FIB-4 scores<1.26 and five had Fibroscan of <6 kPa. A1AT was present in 64% of biopsies, steatosis in 82%, mild fibrosis in 36%, moderate fibrosis in 9% and severe fibrosis in 9%. Conclusion A combination of liver ultrasound and non-invasive fibrosis tests can help identify patients with A1ATD liver injury. However, APRI and FIB-4 scores alone had poor sensitivity and specificity to justify use as an independent tool for liver pathology in A1ATD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elisha Pickett
- London Alpha-1 Antitrypsin Deficiency Service, Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - David A Lomas
- UCL Medical School, London, UK.,London Alpha-1 Antitrypsin Deficiency Service, Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.,UCL Respiratory, University College London, London, UK
| | - Douglas Thorburn
- London Alpha-1 Antitrypsin Deficiency Service, Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.,Sheila Sherlock Liver Unit, Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Bibek Gooptu
- London Alpha-1 Antitrypsin Deficiency Service, Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.,NIHR Leicester BRC-Respiratory, Glenfield Hospital, University Hospitals of Leicester, Leicester, UK.,University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - John R Hurst
- London Alpha-1 Antitrypsin Deficiency Service, Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK .,Sheila Sherlock Liver Unit, Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Aileen Marshall
- London Alpha-1 Antitrypsin Deficiency Service, Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.,Sheila Sherlock Liver Unit, Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
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24
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Jagger AM, Waudby CA, Irving JA, Christodoulou J, Lomas DA. High-resolution ex vivo NMR spectroscopy of human Z α 1-antitrypsin. Nat Commun 2020; 11:6371. [PMID: 33311470 PMCID: PMC7732992 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-20147-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Genetic mutations predispose the serine protease inhibitor α1-antitrypsin to misfolding and polymerisation within hepatocytes, causing liver disease and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. This misfolding occurs via a transiently populated intermediate state, but our structural understanding of this process is limited by the instability of recombinant α1-antitrypsin variants in solution. Here we apply NMR spectroscopy to patient-derived samples of α1-antitrypsin at natural isotopic abundance to investigate the consequences of disease-causing mutations, and observe widespread chemical shift perturbations for methyl groups in Z AAT (E342K). By comparison with perturbations induced by binding of a small-molecule inhibitor of misfolding we conclude that they arise from rapid exchange between the native conformation and a well-populated intermediate state. The observation that this intermediate is stabilised by inhibitor binding suggests a paradoxical approach to the targeted treatment of protein misfolding disorders, wherein the stabilisation of disease-associated states provides selectivity while inhibiting further transitions along misfolding pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alistair M Jagger
- UCL Respiratory, Rayne Institute, University College London, London, WC1E 6JF, UK
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, University College London and School of Crystallography, Birkbeck College, University of London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Christopher A Waudby
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, University College London and School of Crystallography, Birkbeck College, University of London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - James A Irving
- UCL Respiratory, Rayne Institute, University College London, London, WC1E 6JF, UK.
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, University College London and School of Crystallography, Birkbeck College, University of London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK.
| | - John Christodoulou
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, University College London and School of Crystallography, Birkbeck College, University of London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK.
| | - David A Lomas
- UCL Respiratory, Rayne Institute, University College London, London, WC1E 6JF, UK.
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, University College London and School of Crystallography, Birkbeck College, University of London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK.
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25
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Han MK, Criner GJ, Dransfield MT, Halpin DMG, Jones CE, Kilbride S, Lange P, Lettis S, Lipson DA, Lomas DA, Martin N, Wise RA, Singh D, Martinez FJ. The Effect of Inhaled Corticosteroid Withdrawal and Baseline Inhaled Treatment on Exacerbations in the IMPACT Study. A Randomized, Double-Blind, Multicenter Clinical Trial. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2020; 202:1237-1243. [PMID: 32584168 PMCID: PMC7605201 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201912-2478oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale: In the IMPACT (Informing the Pathway of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Treatment) trial, fluticasone furoate (FF)/umeclidinium (UMEC)/vilanterol (VI) significantly reduced exacerbations compared with FF/VI or UMEC/VI in patients with symptomatic chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and a history of exacerbations. Objectives: To understand whether inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) withdrawal affected IMPACT results, given direct transition from prior maintenance medication to study medication at randomization. Methods: Exacerbations and change from baseline in trough FEV1 and St. George’s Respiratory Questionnaire results were analyzed by prior ICS use. Exacerbations were also analyzed while excluding data from the first 30 days. Measurements and Main Results: FF/UMEC/VI significantly reduced the annual moderate/severe exacerbation rate compared with UMEC/VI in prior ICS users (29% reduction; P < 0.001), but only a numerical reduction was seen among prior ICS nonusers (12% reduction; P = 0.115). To minimize impact from ICS withdrawal, in an analysis excluding the first 30 days, FF/UMEC/VI continued to significantly reduce the annual on-treatment moderate/severe exacerbation rate (19%; P < 0.001) compared with UMEC/VI. The benefit of FF/UMEC/VI compared with UMEC/VI was seen for severe exacerbation rates, regardless of prior ICS use (prior ICS users, 35% reduction; P < 0.001; non-ICS users, 35% reduction; P = 0.018), and overall when excluding the first 30 days (29%; P < 0.001). Improvements from baseline with FF/UMEC/VI compared with UMEC/VI were also maintained throughout the study for both trough FEV1 and St. George’s Respiratory Questionnaire, regardless of prior ICS use. Conclusions: These data support the important treatment effects of FF/UMEC/VI combination therapy on exacerbation reduction, lung function, and quality of life that do not appear to be related to abrupt ICS withdrawal. Clinical trial registered with www.clinicaltrials.gov (NCT 02164513).
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Affiliation(s)
- MeiLan K Han
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Gerard J Criner
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Mark T Dransfield
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Lung Health Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - David M G Halpin
- University of Exeter Medical School, College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | | | - Sally Kilbride
- Clinical Sciences, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, Pennsylvania
| | - Peter Lange
- Biostatistics, GlaxoSmithKline, Stockley Park West, Uxbridge, Middlesex, United Kingdom.,Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sally Lettis
- Clinical Sciences, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, Pennsylvania
| | - David A Lipson
- Medical Department, Pulmonary Section, Herlev-Gentofte Hospital, Herlev, Denmark.,Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Division, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - David A Lomas
- UCL Respiratory, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Neil Martin
- Global Medical Affairs, GlaxoSmithKline, Brentford, Middlesex, United Kingdom.,Institute for Lung Health, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Robert A Wise
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Dave Singh
- Centre for Respiratory Medicine and Allergy, Institute of Inflammation and Repair, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom; and
| | - Fernando J Martinez
- New York-Presbyterian Hospital/Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, New York
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26
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Hanania NA, Mannino DM, Criner GJ, Dransfield MT, Han MK, Jones CE, Kilbride S, Lomas DA, Martin N, Martinez FJ, Singh D, Wise RA, Halpin DMG, Lima R, Lipson DA. Effect of Age on the Efficacy and Safety of Once-Daily Single-Inhaler Triple-Therapy Fluticasone Furoate/Umeclidinium/Vilanterol in Patients With COPD: A Post Hoc Analysis of the Informing the Pathway of COPD Treatment Trial. Chest 2020; 159:985-995. [PMID: 33031829 DOI: 10.1016/j.chest.2020.09.253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the Informing the Pathway of COPD Treatment (IMPACT) trial, single-inhaler triple-therapy fluticasone furoate (FF), umeclidinium (UMEC), and vilanterol (VI) reduced moderate/severe exacerbation rates vs FF/VI and UMEC/VI in patients with symptomatic COPD and a history of exacerbations, with a similar safety profile. RESEARCH QUESTION Are trial outcomes with single-inhaler triple-therapy FF/UMEC/VI vs FF/VI and UMEC/VI affected by age in patients with symptomatic COPD and a history of exacerbations? STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS IMPACT was a phase III, double-blind, 52-week trial. Patients ≥ 40 years of age with symptomatic COPD and ≥ 1 moderate/severe exacerbation in the previous year were randomly assigned 2:2:1 to FF/UMEC/VI 100/62.5/25 μg, FF/VI 100/25 μg, or UMEC/VI 62.5/25 μg. End points assessed by age included annual rate of moderate/severe exacerbations, change from baseline (CFB) in trough FEV1, proportion of St. George's Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ) responders (≥ 4 units decrease from baseline in SGRQ total score), and safety. RESULTS The intention-to-treat population comprised 10,355 patients; 4,724 (46%), 4,225 (41%), and 1,406 (14%) were ≤ 64, 65 to 74, and ≥ 75 years of age, respectively. FF/UMEC/VI reduced on-treatment moderate/severe exacerbation rates vs FF/VI (% reduction [95% CI]: ≤ 64 years, 8% [-1 to 16]; P = .070; 65-74 years, 22% [14-29]; P < .001; ≥ 75 years, 18% [3-31]; P = .021) and vs UMEC/VI (≤ 64 years, 16% [7-25]; P = .002; 65-74 years, 33% [25-41]; P < .001; ≥ 75 years, 24% [6-38]; P = .012), with greatest rate reduction seen in the 65 to 74 and ≥ 75 years subgroups. Post hoc analyses of CFB in trough FEV1 and proportion of SGRQ responders at week 52 were significantly greater with FF/UMEC/VI than with FF/VI or UMEC/VI in all subgroups. No new safety signals were identified. INTERPRETATION FF/UMEC/VI reduced the rate of moderate/severe exacerbations and improved lung function and health status vs FF/VI and UMEC/VI irrespective of age for most end points, with a similar safety profile. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov; No.: NCT02164513; URL: www.clinicaltrials.govCTT116855.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola A Hanania
- Airways Clinical Research Center, Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX.
| | - David M Mannino
- Department of Preventative Medicine and Environmental Health, University of Kentucky, College of Public Health, Lexington, KY; GSK, Research Triangle Park, NC
| | - Gerard J Criner
- Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Mark T Dransfield
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Lung Health Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - MeiLan K Han
- Pulmonary & Critical Care, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | | | | | - David A Lomas
- UCL Respiratory, University College London, London, England
| | - Neil Martin
- GSK, Brentford, Middlesex, England; University of Leicester, Leicester, England
| | - Fernando J Martinez
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY
| | - Dave Singh
- University of Manchester, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, England
| | - Robert A Wise
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - David M G Halpin
- University of Exeter Medical School, College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, Exeter, England
| | | | - David A Lipson
- GSK, Collegeville, PA; Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
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27
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Faull SV, Elliston ELK, Gooptu B, Jagger AM, Aldobiyan I, Redzej A, Badaoui M, Heyer-Chauhan N, Rashid ST, Reynolds GM, Adams DH, Miranda E, Orlova EV, Irving JA, Lomas DA. The structural basis for Z α 1-antitrypsin polymerization in the liver. Sci Adv 2020; 6:6/43/eabc1370. [PMID: 33087346 PMCID: PMC7577719 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abc1370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The serpinopathies are among a diverse set of conformational diseases that involve the aberrant self-association of proteins into ordered aggregates. α1-Antitrypsin deficiency is the archetypal serpinopathy and results from the formation and deposition of mutant forms of α1-antitrypsin as "polymer" chains in liver tissue. No detailed structural analysis has been performed of this material. Moreover, there is little information on the relevance of well-studied artificially induced polymers to these disease-associated molecules. We have isolated polymers from the liver tissue of Z α1-antitrypsin homozygotes (E342K) who have undergone transplantation, labeled them using a Fab fragment, and performed single-particle analysis of negative-stain electron micrographs. The data show structural equivalence between heat-induced and ex vivo polymers and that the intersubunit linkage is best explained by a carboxyl-terminal domain swap between molecules of α1-antitrypsin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah V Faull
- UCL Respiratory, University College London, 5 University Street, London WC1E 6JF, UK
| | - Emma L K Elliston
- UCL Respiratory, University College London, 5 University Street, London WC1E 6JF, UK
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BN, UK
| | - Bibek Gooptu
- Leicester Institute of Structural and Chemical Biology, University of Leicester, Henry Wellcome Building, Lancaster Road, Leicester LE1 7HB, UK
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Leicester BRC-Respiratory, Leicester, UK
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, Birkbeck College, Malet Street, University of London, London WC1E 7HX, UK
| | - Alistair M Jagger
- UCL Respiratory, University College London, 5 University Street, London WC1E 6JF, UK
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BN, UK
| | - Ibrahim Aldobiyan
- UCL Respiratory, University College London, 5 University Street, London WC1E 6JF, UK
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BN, UK
| | - Adam Redzej
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, Birkbeck College, Malet Street, University of London, London WC1E 7HX, UK
| | - Magd Badaoui
- UCL Respiratory, University College London, 5 University Street, London WC1E 6JF, UK
| | - Nina Heyer-Chauhan
- UCL Respiratory, University College London, 5 University Street, London WC1E 6JF, UK
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BN, UK
| | - S Tamir Rashid
- Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine and Institute for Liver Studies, King's College London, London WC2R 2LS, UK
| | - Gary M Reynolds
- Centre for Liver Research and NIHR Birmingham Liver Biomedical Research Unit, Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - David H Adams
- Centre for Liver Research and NIHR Birmingham Liver Biomedical Research Unit, Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Elena Miranda
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies "Charles Darwin" and Pasteur Institute-Cenci Bolognetti Foundation, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Elena V Orlova
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, Birkbeck College, Malet Street, University of London, London WC1E 7HX, UK
| | - James A Irving
- UCL Respiratory, University College London, 5 University Street, London WC1E 6JF, UK.
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BN, UK
| | - David A Lomas
- UCL Respiratory, University College London, 5 University Street, London WC1E 6JF, UK.
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BN, UK
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28
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Lipson DA, Crim C, Criner GJ, Day NC, Dransfield MT, Halpin DMG, Han MK, Jones CE, Kilbride S, Lange P, Lomas DA, Lettis S, Manchester P, Martin N, Midwinter D, Morris A, Pascoe SJ, Singh D, Wise RA, Martinez FJ. Reduction in All-Cause Mortality with Fluticasone Furoate/Umeclidinium/Vilanterol in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2020; 201:1508-1516. [PMID: 32162970 PMCID: PMC7301738 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201911-2207oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Rationale: The IMPACT (Informing the Pathway of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Treatment) trial demonstrated a significant reduction in all-cause mortality (ACM) risk with fluticasone furoate/umeclidinium/vilanterol (FF/UMEC/VI) versus UMEC/VI in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) at risk of future exacerbations. Five hundred seventy-four patients were censored in the original analysis owing to incomplete vital status information. Objectives: Report ACM and impact of stepping down therapy, following collection of additional vital status data. Methods: Patients were randomized 2:2:1 to FF/UMEC/VI 100/62.5/25 μg, FF/VI 100/25 μg, or UMEC/VI 62.5/25 μg following a run-in on their COPD therapies. Time to ACM was prespecified. Additional vital status data collection and subsequent analyses were performed post hoc. Measurements and Main Results: We report vital status data for 99.6% of the intention-to-treat population (n = 10,355), documenting 98 (2.36%) deaths on FF/UMEC/VI, 109 (2.64%) on FF/VI, and 66 (3.19%) on UMEC/VI. For FF/UMEC/VI, the hazard ratio for death was 0.72 (95% confidence interval, 0.53–0.99; P = 0.042) versus UMEC/VI and 0.89 (95% confidence interval, 0.67–1.16; P = 0.387) versus FF/VI. Independent adjudication confirmed lower rates of cardiovascular and respiratory death and death associated with the patient’s COPD. Conclusions: In this secondary analysis of an efficacy outcome from the IMPACT trial, once-daily single-inhaler FF/UMEC/VI triple therapy reduced the risk of ACM versus UMEC/VI in patients with symptomatic COPD and a history of exacerbations.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Lipson
- Clinical Sciences.,Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Division, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Courtney Crim
- Clinical Sciences, GlaxoSmithKline, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | - Gerard J Criner
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | | | - Mark T Dransfield
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Lung Health Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - David M G Halpin
- University of Exeter Medical School, College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - MeiLan K Han
- University of Michigan, Pulmonary and Critical Care, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | | | - Sally Kilbride
- Biostatistics, GlaxoSmithKline, Uxbridge, Middlesex, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Lange
- Section of Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Medical Department, Pulmonary Section, Herlev-Gentofte Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - David A Lomas
- UCL Respiratory, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sally Lettis
- Biostatistics, GlaxoSmithKline, Uxbridge, Middlesex, United Kingdom
| | - Pamela Manchester
- Global Clinical Science and Delivery, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, Pennsylvania
| | - Neil Martin
- Global Medical Affairs, GlaxoSmithKline, Brentford, Middlesex, United Kingdom.,Institute for Lung Health, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Dawn Midwinter
- Biostatistics, GlaxoSmithKline, Uxbridge, Middlesex, United Kingdom
| | - Andrea Morris
- Clinical Sciences, GlaxoSmithKline, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | | | - Dave Singh
- Centre for Respiratory Medicine and Allergy, Institute of Inflammation and Repair, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Robert A Wise
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; and
| | - Fernando J Martinez
- New York-Presbyterian Hospital/Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, New York
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29
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Laffranchi M, Elliston EL, Miranda E, Perez J, Ronzoni R, Jagger AM, Heyer-Chauhan N, Brantly ML, Fra A, Lomas DA, Irving JA. Intrahepatic heteropolymerization of M and Z alpha-1-antitrypsin. JCI Insight 2020; 5:135459. [PMID: 32699193 PMCID: PMC7453904 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.135459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The α-1-antitrypsin (or alpha-1-antitrypsin, A1AT) Z variant is the primary cause of severe A1AT deficiency and forms polymeric chains that aggregate in the endoplasmic reticulum of hepatocytes. Around 2%-5% of Europeans are heterozygous for the Z and WT M allele, and there is evidence of increased risk of liver disease when compared with MM A1AT individuals. We have shown that Z and M A1AT can copolymerize in cell models, but there has been no direct observation of heteropolymer formation in vivo. To this end, we developed a monoclonal antibody (mAb2H2) that specifically binds to M in preference to Z A1AT, localized its epitope using crystallography to a region perturbed by the Z (Glu342Lys) substitution, and used Fab fragments to label polymers isolated from an MZ heterozygote liver explant. Glu342 is critical to the affinity of mAb2H2, since it also recognized the mild S-deficiency variant (Glu264Val) present in circulating polymers from SZ heterozygotes. Negative-stain electron microscopy of the Fab2H2-labeled liver polymers revealed that M comprises around 6% of the polymer subunits in the MZ liver sample. These data demonstrate that Z A1AT can form heteropolymers with polymerization-inert variants in vivo with implications for liver disease in heterozygous individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattia Laffranchi
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy.,UCL Respiratory and the Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Emma Lk Elliston
- UCL Respiratory and the Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Elena Miranda
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies 'Charles Darwin' and Pasteur Institute - Cenci Bolognetti Foundation, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Juan Perez
- Departamento de Biologia Celular, Genetica y Fisiologia, Facultad de Ciencias, Campus de Teatinos, Universidad de Malaga, Malaga, Spain
| | - Riccardo Ronzoni
- UCL Respiratory and the Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alistair M Jagger
- UCL Respiratory and the Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nina Heyer-Chauhan
- UCL Respiratory and the Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mark L Brantly
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Annamaria Fra
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - David A Lomas
- UCL Respiratory and the Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - James A Irving
- UCL Respiratory and the Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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30
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Day NC, Kumar S, Criner G, Dransfield M, Halpin DMG, Han MK, Jones CE, Kaisermann MC, Kilbride S, Lange P, Lomas DA, Martin N, Martinez FJ, Singh D, Wise R, Lipson DA. Single-inhaler triple therapy fluticasone furoate/umeclidinium/vilanterol versus fluticasone furoate/vilanterol and umeclidinium/vilanterol in patients with COPD: results on cardiovascular safety from the IMPACT trial. Respir Res 2020; 21:139. [PMID: 32503599 PMCID: PMC7275457 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-020-01398-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This analysis of the IMPACT study assessed the cardiovascular (CV) safety of single-inhaler triple therapy with fluticasone furoate/umeclidinium/vilanterol (FF/UMEC/VI) versus FF/VI and UMEC/VI dual therapy. Methods IMPACT was a 52-week, randomized, double-blind, multicenter Phase III study comparing the efficacy and safety of FF/UMEC/VI 100/62.5/25 mcg with FF/VI 100/25 mcg or UMEC/VI 62.5/25 mcg in patients ≥40 years of age with symptomatic chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and ≥1 moderate/severe exacerbation in the previous year. The inclusion criteria for the study were intentionally designed to permit the enrollment of patients with significant concurrent CV disease/risk. CV safety assessments included proportion of patients with and exposure-adjusted rates of on-treatment CV adverse events of special interest (CVAESI) and major adverse cardiac events (MACE), as well as time-to-first (TTF) CVAESI, and TTF CVAESI resulting in hospitalization/prolonged hospitalization or death. Results Baseline CV risk factors were similar across treatment groups. Overall, 68% of patients (n = 7012) had ≥1 CV risk factor and 40% (n = 4127) had ≥2. At baseline, 29% of patients reported a current/past cardiac disorder and 58% reported a current/past vascular disorder. The proportion of patients with on-treatment CVAESI was 11% for both FF/UMEC/VI and UMEC/VI, and 10% for FF/VI. There was no statistical difference for FF/UMEC/VI versus FF/VI or UMEC/VI in TTF CVAESI (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.98, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.85, 1.11; p = 0.711 and HR: 0.92, 95% CI: 0.78, 1.08; p = 0.317, respectively) nor TTF CVAESI leading to hospitalization/prolonged hospitalization or death (HR: 1.19, 95% CI: 0.93, 1.51; p = 0.167 and HR: 0.96, 95% CI: 0.72, 1.27; p = 0.760, respectively). On-treatment MACE occurred in ≤3% of patients across treatment groups, with similar prevalence and rates between treatments. Conclusions In a symptomatic COPD population with a history of exacerbations and a high rate of CV disease/risk, the proportion of patients with CVAESI and MACE was 10–11% and 1–3%, respectively, across treatment arms, and the risk of CVAESI was low and similar across treatment arms. There was no statistically significant increased CV risk associated with the use of FF/UMEC/VI versus FF/VI or UMEC/VI, and UMEC/VI versus FF/VI. Trial registration NCT02164513 (GSK study number CTT116855).
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola C Day
- GlaxoSmithKline, Stockley Park West, 1-3 Ironbridge Road, Uxbridge, Middlesex, UB11 1BT, UK.
| | - Subramanya Kumar
- GlaxoSmithKline, Stockley Park West, 1-3 Ironbridge Road, Uxbridge, Middlesex, UB11 1BT, UK
| | - Gerard Criner
- Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Mark Dransfield
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Lung Health Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - David M G Halpin
- University of Exeter Medical School, College of Medicine and Health, Exeter, UK
| | - MeiLan K Han
- University of Michigan, Pulmonary & Critical Care, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | | | - Sally Kilbride
- GlaxoSmithKline, Stockley Park West, 1-3 Ironbridge Road, Uxbridge, Middlesex, UB11 1BT, UK
| | - Peter Lange
- Department of Public Health, Section of Epidemiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Medical Department, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - David A Lomas
- UCL Respiratory, University College London, London, UK
| | - Neil Martin
- GlaxoSmithKline, Brentford, UK.,University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | | | - Dave Singh
- University of Manchester, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Robert Wise
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - David A Lipson
- GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA, USA.,Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Halpin DMG, Dransfield MT, Han MK, Jones CE, Kilbride S, Lange P, Lipson DA, Lomas DA, Martinez FJ, Pascoe S, Singh D, Wise R, Criner GJ. The effect of exacerbation history on outcomes in the IMPACT trial. Eur Respir J 2020; 55:13993003.01921-2019. [PMID: 32299860 PMCID: PMC7286387 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.01921-2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
IMPACT, a 52-week, randomised, double-blind trial, assessed the efficacy and safety of fluticasone furoate/umeclidinium/vilanterol (FF/UMEC/VI) triple therapy versus FF/VI or UMEC/VI in patients with symptomatic COPD and a history of exacerbations. Subgroup analyses assessed whether the efficacy of FF/UMEC/VI versus FF/VI or UMEC/VI and UMEC/VI versus FF/VI varies according to prior exacerbation history, and the combined effects of exacerbation history and blood eosinophil counts. Three subgroups were defined: single moderate (1 moderate/no severe; n=3056 (30%)), frequent moderate (≥2 moderate/no severe; n=4628 (45%)) and severe (≥1 severe/any moderate; n=2671 (26%)). End-points included annual on-treatment moderate/severe exacerbation rate (pre-specified), lung function and health status (both post-hoc). Moderate/severe exacerbation rates (reduction % (95% CI)) were reduced in the FF/UMEC/VI group versus FF/VI (single moderate 20% (10–29), frequent moderate 11% (2–19), severe 17% (7–26)) and versus UMEC/VI (single moderate 18% (5–29), frequent moderate 29% (21–37), severe 26% (14–35)). Moderate/severe exacerbation rates were reduced in the FF/VI group versus UMEC/VI in the frequent moderate subgroup; a numerical reduction was observed in the severe subgroup (single moderate 2% (−12–18), frequent moderate 21% (11–29), severe 11% (−3–22)). Moderate/severe exacerbation rates were lower in the FF/VI group compared with UMEC/VI in patients with higher eosinophil counts. FF/UMEC/VI improved lung function and health status versus both dual therapies irrespective of exacerbation subgroup. UMEC/VI improved lung function versus FF/VI in all subgroups. Triple therapy was more effective than dual regardless of exacerbation history, consistent with results in the intent-to-treat population. Comparisons between dual therapies were influenced by prior exacerbation history and eosinophil counts. FF/UMEC/VI shows benefits vs FF/VI and UMEC/VI across multiple endpoints irrespective of exacerbation history. Exacerbation history and eosinophils influenced the comparison between UMEC/VI and FF/VI, and eosinophils that between FF/UMEC/VI and UMEC/VI.http://bit.ly/2SHu2ey
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Affiliation(s)
- David M G Halpin
- University of Exeter Medical School, College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Mark T Dransfield
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Lung Health Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - MeiLan K Han
- University of Michigan, Pulmonary & Critical Care, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | | | - Peter Lange
- Medical Dept, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Herlev, Denmark.,University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - David A Lipson
- GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA, USA.,Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - David A Lomas
- UCL Respiratory, University College London, London, UK
| | - Fernando J Martinez
- New York-Presbyterian Hospital/Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Steve Pascoe
- GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA, USA.,Sanofi, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Dave Singh
- University of Manchester, NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, Manchester University NHS Foundation Hospitals Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Robert Wise
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Gerard J Criner
- Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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32
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Wilson AC, Kumar PL, Lee S, Parker MM, Arora I, Morrow JD, Wouters EFM, Casaburi R, Rennard SI, Lomas DA, Agusti A, Tal-Singer R, Dransfield MT, Wells JM, Bhatt SP, Washko G, Thannickal VJ, Tiwari HK, Hersh CP, Castaldi PJ, Silverman EK, McDonald MLN. Heme metabolism genes Downregulated in COPD Cachexia. Respir Res 2020; 21:100. [PMID: 32354332 PMCID: PMC7193359 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-020-01336-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cachexia contributes to increased mortality and reduced quality of life in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) and may be associated with underlying gene expression changes. Our goal was to identify differential gene expression signatures associated with COPD cachexia in current and former smokers. METHODS We analyzed whole-blood gene expression data from participants with COPD in a discovery cohort (COPDGene, N = 400) and assessed replication (ECLIPSE, N = 114). To approximate the consensus definition using available criteria, cachexia was defined as weight-loss > 5% in the past 12 months or low body mass index (BMI) (< 20 kg/m2) and 1/3 criteria: decreased muscle strength (six-minute walk distance < 350 m), anemia (hemoglobin < 12 g/dl), and low fat-free mass index (FFMI) (< 15 kg/m2 among women and < 17 kg/m2 among men) in COPDGene. In ECLIPSE, cachexia was defined as weight-loss > 5% in the past 12 months or low BMI and 3/5 criteria: decreased muscle strength, anorexia, abnormal biochemistry (anemia or high c-reactive protein (> 5 mg/l)), fatigue, and low FFMI. Differential gene expression was assessed between cachectic and non-cachectic subjects, adjusting for age, sex, white blood cell counts, and technical covariates. Gene set enrichment analysis was performed using MSigDB. RESULTS The prevalence of COPD cachexia was 13.7% in COPDGene and 7.9% in ECLIPSE. Fourteen genes were differentially downregulated in cachectic versus non-cachectic COPD patients in COPDGene (FDR < 0.05) and ECLIPSE (FDR < 0.05). DISCUSSION Several replicated genes regulating heme metabolism were downregulated among participants with COPD cachexia. Impaired heme biosynthesis may contribute to cachexia development through free-iron buildup and oxidative tissue damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ava C Wilson
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Preeti L Kumar
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Sool Lee
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Margaret M Parker
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Itika Arora
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Jarrett D Morrow
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Emiel F M Wouters
- Centre of expertise for chronic organ failure, Horn, the Netherlands
| | - Richard Casaburi
- Rehabilitation Clinical Trials Center, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Stephen I Rennard
- Department of Medicine, Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
- BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - David A Lomas
- UCL Respiratory, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK
| | - Alvar Agusti
- Fundació Investigació Sanitària Illes Balears (FISIB), Ciber Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain
- Thorax Institute, Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Mark T Dransfield
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - J Michael Wells
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Surya P Bhatt
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - George Washko
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Victor J Thannickal
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Hemant K Tiwari
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Craig P Hersh
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Peter J Castaldi
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Edwin K Silverman
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Merry-Lynn N McDonald
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Strnad
- From the Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital RWTH (Rheinisch-Westfälisch Technische Hochschule) Aachen, Aachen, Germany (P.S.); the Irish Centre for Genetic Lung Disease, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin (N.G.M.); and UCL Respiratory, Division of Medicine, Rayne Institute, University College London, London (D.A.L.)
| | - Noel G McElvaney
- From the Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital RWTH (Rheinisch-Westfälisch Technische Hochschule) Aachen, Aachen, Germany (P.S.); the Irish Centre for Genetic Lung Disease, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin (N.G.M.); and UCL Respiratory, Division of Medicine, Rayne Institute, University College London, London (D.A.L.)
| | - David A Lomas
- From the Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital RWTH (Rheinisch-Westfälisch Technische Hochschule) Aachen, Aachen, Germany (P.S.); the Irish Centre for Genetic Lung Disease, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin (N.G.M.); and UCL Respiratory, Division of Medicine, Rayne Institute, University College London, London (D.A.L.)
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34
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Lutz SM, Frederiksen B, Begum F, McDonald MLN, Cho MH, Hobbs BD, Parker MM, DeMeo DL, Hersh CP, Ehringer MA, Young K, Jiang L, Foreman MG, Kinney GL, Make BJ, Lomas DA, Bakke P, Gulsvik A, Crapo JD, Silverman EK, Beaty TH, Hokanson JE. Common and Rare Variants Genetic Association Analysis of Cigarettes per Day Among Ever-Smokers in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Cases and Controls. Nicotine Tob Res 2020; 21:714-722. [PMID: 29767774 DOI: 10.1093/ntr/nty095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cigarette smoking is a major environmental risk factor for many diseases, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). There are shared genetic influences on cigarette smoking and COPD. Genetic risk factors for cigarette smoking in cohorts enriched for COPD are largely unknown. METHODS We performed genome-wide association analyses for average cigarettes per day (CPD) across the Genetic Epidemiology of COPD (COPDGene) non-Hispanic white (NHW) (n = 6659) and African American (AA) (n = 3260), GenKOLS (the Genetics of Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease) (n = 1671), and ECLIPSE (the Evaluation of COPD Longitudinally to Identify Predictive Surrogate Endpoints) (n = 1942) cohorts. In addition, we performed exome array association analyses across the COPDGene NHW and AA cohorts. We considered analyses across the entire cohort and stratified by COPD case-control status. RESULTS We identified genome-wide significant associations for CPD on chromosome 15q25 across all cohorts (lowest p = 1.78 × 10-15), except in the COPDGene AA cohort alone. Previously reported associations on chromosome 19 had suggestive and directionally consistent associations (RAB4, p = 1.95 × 10-6; CYP2A7, p = 7.50 × 10-5; CYP2B6, p = 4.04 × 10-4). When we stratified by COPD case-control status, single nucleotide polymorphisms on chromosome 15q25 were nominally associated with both NHW COPD cases (β = 0.11, p = 5.58 × 10-4) and controls (β = 0.12, p = 3.86 × 10-5) For the gene-based exome array association analysis of rare variants, there were no exome-wide significant associations. For these previously replicated associations, the most significant results were among COPDGene NHW subjects for CYP2A7 (p = 5.2 × 10-4). CONCLUSIONS In a large genome-wide association study of both common variants and a gene-based association of rare coding variants in ever-smokers, we found genome-wide significant associations on chromosome 15q25 with CPD for common variants, but not for rare coding variants. These results were directionally consistent among COPD cases and controls. IMPLICATIONS We examined both common and rare coding variants associated with CPD in a large population of heavy smokers with and without COPD of NHW and AA descent. We replicated genome-wide significant associations on chromosome 15q25 with CPD for common variants among NHW subjects, but not for rare variants. We demonstrated for the first time that common variants on chromosome 15q25 associated with CPD are similar among COPD cases and controls. Previously reported associations on chromosome 19 showed suggestive and directionally consistent associations among common variants (RAB4, CYP2A7, and CYP2B6) and for rare variants (CYP2A7) among COPDGene NHW subjects. Although the genetic effect sizes for these single nucleotide polymorphisms on chromosome 15q25 are modest, we show that this creates a substantial smoking burden over the lifetime of a smoker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon M Lutz
- Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Brittni Frederiksen
- Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Ferdouse Begum
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
| | - Merry-Lynn N McDonald
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Michael H Cho
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.,Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Brian D Hobbs
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.,Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Margaret M Parker
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Dawn L DeMeo
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.,Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Craig P Hersh
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.,Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Marissa A Ehringer
- Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO
| | - Kendra Young
- Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Lai Jiang
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
| | | | - Greg L Kinney
- Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Barry J Make
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO
| | - David A Lomas
- UCL Respiratory, University College London, London, UK
| | - Per Bakke
- Department of Clinical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Amund Gulsvik
- Department of Clinical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - James D Crapo
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO
| | - Edwin K Silverman
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.,Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Terri H Beaty
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
| | - John E Hokanson
- Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
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Faravelli G, Raimondi S, Marchese L, Partridge FA, Soria C, Mangione PP, Canetti D, Perni M, Aprile FA, Zorzoli I, Di Schiavi E, Lomas DA, Bellotti V, Sattelle DB, Giorgetti S. C. elegans expressing D76N β 2-microglobulin: a model for in vivo screening of drug candidates targeting amyloidosis. Sci Rep 2019; 9:19960. [PMID: 31882874 PMCID: PMC6934621 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-56498-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The availability of a genetic model organism with which to study key molecular events underlying amyloidogenesis is crucial for elucidating the mechanism of the disease and the exploration of new therapeutic avenues. The natural human variant of β2-microglobulin (D76N β2-m) is associated with a fatal familial form of systemic amyloidosis. Hitherto, no animal model has been available for studying in vivo the pathogenicity of this protein. We have established a transgenic C. elegans line, expressing the human D76N β2-m variant. Using the INVertebrate Automated Phenotyping Platform (INVAPP) and the algorithm Paragon, we were able to detect growth and motility impairment in D76N β2-m expressing worms. We also demonstrated the specificity of the β2-m variant in determining the pathological phenotype by rescuing the wild type phenotype when β2-m expression was inhibited by RNA interference (RNAi). Using this model, we have confirmed the efficacy of doxycycline, an inhibitor of the aggregation of amyloidogenic proteins, in rescuing the phenotype. In future, this C. elegans model, in conjunction with the INVAPP/Paragon system, offers the prospect of high-throughput chemical screening in the search for new drug candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Faravelli
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Pavia, 27100, Pavia, Italy.
| | - Sara Raimondi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Pavia, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Loredana Marchese
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Pavia, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Frederick A Partridge
- Centre for Respiratory Biology, UCL Respiratory, Division of Medicine, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6JF, United Kingdom
| | - Cristina Soria
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Pavia, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - P Patrizia Mangione
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Pavia, 27100, Pavia, Italy
- Wolfson Drug Discovery Unit, Centre for Amyloidosis and Acute Phase Proteins, University College London, London, UK
| | - Diana Canetti
- Wolfson Drug Discovery Unit, Centre for Amyloidosis and Acute Phase Proteins, University College London, London, UK
| | - Michele Perni
- Centre for Misfolding Diseases, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Francesco A Aprile
- Centre for Misfolding Diseases, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Irene Zorzoli
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Pavia, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Elia Di Schiavi
- Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources (IBBR), CNR, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - David A Lomas
- Centre for Respiratory Biology, UCL Respiratory, Division of Medicine, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6JF, United Kingdom
| | - Vittorio Bellotti
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Pavia, 27100, Pavia, Italy
- Wolfson Drug Discovery Unit, Centre for Amyloidosis and Acute Phase Proteins, University College London, London, UK
| | - David B Sattelle
- Centre for Respiratory Biology, UCL Respiratory, Division of Medicine, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6JF, United Kingdom
| | - Sofia Giorgetti
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Pavia, 27100, Pavia, Italy.
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Ismaila AS, Risebrough N, Schroeder M, Shah D, Martin A, Goodall EC, Ndirangu K, Criner G, Dransfield M, Halpin DMG, Han MK, Lomas DA. Cost-Effectiveness Of Once-Daily Single-Inhaler Triple Therapy In COPD: The IMPACT Trial. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2019; 14:2681-2695. [PMID: 31819401 PMCID: PMC6890193 DOI: 10.2147/copd.s216072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background We assessed the cost-effectiveness of single-inhaler fluticasone furoate (FF)/umeclidinium (UMEC)/vilanterol (VI) versus FF/VI or UMEC/VI from a Canadian public healthcare perspective, incorporating data from the IMPACT trial in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (NCT02164513). Methods Baseline inputs and treatment effects from IMPACT were populated into the validated GALAXY-COPD disease progression model. Canadian unit costs and drug costs (Canadian dollars [C$], 2017) were applied to healthcare resource utilization and treatments. Future costs and health outcomes were discounted at 1.5% annually. Analyses were probabilistic, and outputs included exacerbation rates, costs, and life years (LYs) and quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) gained. Results Compared with FF/VI and UMEC/VI over a lifetime horizon, the analyses predicted that treatment with FF/UMEC/VI resulted in fewer moderate and severe exacerbations, more LYs and more QALYs gained, with a small incremental cost. The base-case incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) per QALY gained was C$18,989 (95% confidence interval [CI]: C$14,665, C$25,753) versus FF/VI and C$13,776 (95% CI: C$9787, C$19,448) versus UMEC/VI. FF/UMEC/VI remained cost-effective versus both FF/VI and UMEC/VI in all sensitivity analyses, including in scenario analyses that considered different intervention and comparator discontinuation rates, and treatment effects for subsequent therapy. Conclusion Treatment with FF/UMEC/VI was predicted to improve outcomes and be a cost-effective treatment option for patients with symptomatic COPD and a history of exacerbations compared with FF/VI or UMEC/VI, in Canada.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afisi S Ismaila
- Value Evidence and Outcomes, GlaxoSmithKline plc, Collegeville, PA, USA
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | | | | | - Dhvani Shah
- ICON Health Economics, ICON plc, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alan Martin
- Value Evidence and Outcomes, GlaxoSmithKline plc, Uxbridge, UK
| | - Emma C Goodall
- Health Economics and Outcomes Research, GlaxoSmithKline plc, Mississauga, ON, Canada
| | | | - Gerard Criner
- Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Mark Dransfield
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Lung Health Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - David MG Halpin
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital, Exeter, UK
| | - MeiLan K Han
- University of Michigan, Pulmonary and Critical Care, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - David A Lomas
- UCL Respiratory, University College London, London, UK
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Hartley B, Criner GJ, Dransfield MT, Halpin DMG, Han MK, Jones CE, Kilbride S, Lange P, Lipson DA, Lomas DA, Martin N, Martinez FJ, Singh D, Wise RA, Lettis S. Misinterpretation of time-to-first event curves can lead to inappropriate treatment. Eur Respir J 2019; 54:1900634. [PMID: 31488584 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.00634-2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Gerard J Criner
- Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Mark T Dransfield
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Lung Health Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - David M G Halpin
- Dept of Respiratory Medicine, Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital, Exeter, UK
| | - MeiLan K Han
- University of Michigan, Pulmonary and Critical Care, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | | | - Peter Lange
- Dept of Public Health, Section of Epidemiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Medical Dept, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - David A Lipson
- GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA, USA
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - David A Lomas
- UCL Respiratory, University College London, London, UK
| | - Neil Martin
- GlaxoSmithKline, Brentford, UK
- University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | | | - Dave Singh
- University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Robert A Wise
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Sally Lettis
- GlaxoSmithKline, Stockley Park West, Uxbridge, UK
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Lipson DA, Barnacle H, Birk R, Brealey N, Locantore N, Lomas DA, Ludwig-Sengpiel A, Mohindra R, Tabberer M, Zhu CQ, Pascoe SJ. Reply to Morice and Hart: Increased Propensity for Pneumonia with Fluticasone in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2019; 197:1230-1231. [PMID: 29241016 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201711-2313le] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- David A Lipson
- 1 GSK King of Prussia, Pennsylvania.,2 University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | | | | | | | | | - David A Lomas
- 4 University College London London, United Kingdom and
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Pascoe S, Barnes N, Brusselle G, Compton C, Criner GJ, Dransfield MT, Halpin DMG, Han MK, Hartley B, Lange P, Lettis S, Lipson DA, Lomas DA, Martinez FJ, Papi A, Roche N, van der Valk RJP, Wise R, Singh D. Blood eosinophils and treatment response with triple and dual combination therapy in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: analysis of the IMPACT trial. Lancet Respir Med 2019; 7:745-756. [PMID: 31281061 DOI: 10.1016/s2213-2600(19)30190-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Revised: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have highlighted a relationship between reduction in rate of exacerbations with therapies containing inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) and baseline blood eosinophil count in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The IMPACT trial showed that once-daily single-inhaler triple therapy significantly reduced exacerbations versus dual therapies. Blood eosinophil counts and smoking status could be important modifiers of treatment response to ICS. We aimed to model these relationships and their interactions, including outcomes other than exacerbations. METHODS IMPACT was a phase 3, randomised, double-blind, parallel-group, 52-week global study comparing once-daily single-inhaler triple therapy (fluticasone furoate-umeclidinium-vilanterol) with dual inhaled therapy (fluticasone furoate-vilanterol or umeclidinium-vilanterol). Eligible patients had moderate-to-very-severe COPD and at least one moderate or severe exacerbation in the previous year. We used fractional polynomials to model continuous blood eosinophil counts. We used negative binomial regression for numbers of moderate and severe exacerbations, severe exacerbations, and pneumonia. We modelled differences at week 52 in trough FEV1, St George's Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ) total score, and Transition Dyspnoea Index using repeated measurements mixed effect models. IMPACT was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT02164513. FINDINGS The magnitude of benefit of regimens containing ICS (fluticasone furoate-umeclidinium-vilanterol n=4151 and fluticasone furoate-vilanterol n=4134) in reducing rates of moderate and severe exacerbations increased in proportion with blood eosinophil count, compared with a non-ICS dual long-acting bronchodilator (umeclidinium-vilanterol n=2070). The moderate and severe exacerbation rate ratio for triple therapy versus umeclidinium-vilanterol was 0·88 (95% CI 0·74 to 1·04) at blood eosinophil count less than 90 cells per μL and 0·56 (0·47 to 0·66) at counts of 310 cells per μL or more; the corresponding rate ratio for fluticasone furoate-vilanterol versus umeclidinium-vilanterol was 1·09 (0·91 to 1·29) and 0·56 (0·47 to 0·66), respectively. Similar results were observed for FEV1, Transition Dyspnoea Index, and SGRQ total score; however, the relationship with FEV1 was less marked. At blood eosinophil counts less than 90 cells per μL and at counts of 310 cells per μL or more, the triple therapy versus umeclidinium-vilanterol treatment difference was 40 mL (95% CI 10 to 70) and 60 mL (20 to 100) for trough FEV1, -0·01 (-0·68 to 0·66) and 0·30 (-0·37 to 0·97) for Transition Dyspnoea Index score, and -0·01 (-1·81 to 1·78) and -2·78 (-4·64 to -0·92) for SGRQ total score, respectively. Smoking status modified the relationship between observed efficacy and blood eosinophil count for moderate or severe exacerbations, Transition Dyspnoea Index, and FEV1, with former smokers being more corticosteroid responsive at any eosinophil count than current smokers. INTERPRETATION This analysis of the IMPACT trial shows that assessment of blood eosinophil count and smoking status has the potential to optimise ICS use in clinical practice in patients with COPD and a history of exacerbations. FUNDING GlaxoSmithKline.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Neil Barnes
- GlaxoSmithKline, Brentford, UK; Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, UK
| | | | | | - Gerard J Criner
- Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Mark T Dransfield
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Lung Health Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - David M G Halpin
- University of Exeter Medical School, College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - MeiLan K Han
- University of Michigan, Pulmonary & Critical Care, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | - Peter Lange
- Department of Public Health, Section of Epidemiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Medical Department, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | | | - David A Lipson
- GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA, USA; Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - David A Lomas
- UCL Respiratory, University College London, Gower Street, London, UK
| | | | - Alberto Papi
- Research Centre on Asthma and COPD, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Nicolas Roche
- Pneumologie, Cochin Hospital AP-HP, University Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | | | - Robert Wise
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Dave Singh
- University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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Lipson DA, Barnacle H, Birk R, Brealey N, Locantore N, Lomas DA, Ludwig-Sengpiel A, Mohindra R, Tabberer M, Zhu CQ, Pascoe SJ. Reply to Suissa and Ariel: The FULFIL Trial. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2019; 197:542-543. [PMID: 28950068 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201709-1831le] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- David A Lipson
- 1 GlaxoSmithKline King of Prussia, Pennsylvania.,2 University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | | | - Ruby Birk
- 3 GlaxoSmithKline Uxbridge, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - David A Lomas
- 4 University College London London, United Kingdom and
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McDonald MLN, Wouters EFM, Rutten E, Casaburi R, Rennard SI, Lomas DA, Bamman M, Celli B, Agusti A, Tal-Singer R, Hersh CP, Dransfield M, Silverman EK. It's more than low BMI: prevalence of cachexia and associated mortality in COPD. Respir Res 2019; 20:100. [PMID: 31118043 PMCID: PMC6532157 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-019-1073-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cachexia is associated with increased mortality risk among chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients. However, low body mass index (BMI) as opposed to cachexia is often used, particularly when calculating the BODE (BMI, Obstruction, Dyspnea and Exercise) index. For this reason, we examined mortality using a consensus definition and a weight-loss definition of cachexia among COPD cases and compared two new COPD severity indices with BODE. METHODS In the current report, the consensus definition for cachexia incorporated weight-loss > 5% in 12-months or low BMI in addition to 3/5 of decreased muscle strength, fatigue, anorexia, low FFMI and inflammation. The weight-loss definition incorporated weight-loss > 5% or weight-loss > 2% (if low BMI) in 12-months. The low BMI component in BODE was replaced with the consensus definition to create the CODE (Consensus cachexia, Obstruction, Dyspnea and Exercise) index and the weight-loss definition to create the WODE (Weight loss, Obstruction, Dyspnea and Exercise) index. Mortality was assessed using Kaplan-Meier survival and Cox Regression. Performance of models was compared using C-statistics. RESULTS Among 1483 COPD cases, the prevalences of cachexia by the consensus and weight-loss definitions were 4.7 and 10.4%, respectively. Cachectic patients had a greater than three-fold increased mortality by either the consensus or the weight-loss definition of cachexia independent of BMI and lung function. The CODE index predicted mortality slightly more accurately than the BODE and WODE indices. CONCLUSIONS Cachexia is associated with increased mortality among COPD patients. Monitoring cachexia using weight-loss criteria is relatively simple and predictive of mortality among COPD cases who may be missed if only low BMI is used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merry-Lynn N McDonald
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA. .,Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA. .,Lung Health Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 701 19th Street S, LHRB 440, Birmingham, AL, 35233, USA. .,Center for Exercise Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 701 19th Street S, LHRB 440, Birmingham, AL, 35233, USA.
| | - Emiel F M Wouters
- Centre of expertise for chronic organ failure, Horn, the Netherlands and Department of Respiratory Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Erica Rutten
- Centre of expertise for chronic organ failure, Horn, the Netherlands and Department of Respiratory Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Richard Casaburi
- Rehabilitation Clinical Trials Center, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Stephen I Rennard
- Department of Medicine, Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.,Biopharma R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - David A Lomas
- UCL Respiratory, University College London, London, UK
| | - Marcas Bamman
- Center for Exercise Medicine and Departments of Cell, Developmental & Integrative Biology; Medicine; and Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Bartolome Celli
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alvar Agusti
- Fundació Investigació Sanitària Illes Balears (FISIB), Ciber Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain.,Thorax Institute, Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPS, Univ. Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Craig P Hersh
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mark Dransfield
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Edwin K Silverman
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
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Sakornsakolpat P, Prokopenko D, Lamontagne M, Reeve NF, Guyatt AL, Jackson VE, Shrine N, Qiao D, Bartz TM, Kim DK, Lee MK, Latourelle JC, Li X, Morrow JD, Obeidat M, Wyss AB, Bakke P, Barr RG, Beaty TH, Belinsky SA, Brusselle GG, Crapo JD, de Jong K, DeMeo DL, Fingerlin TE, Gharib SA, Gulsvik A, Hall IP, Hokanson JE, Kim WJ, Lomas DA, London SJ, Meyers DA, O'Connor GT, Rennard SI, Schwartz DA, Sliwinski P, Sparrow D, Strachan DP, Tal-Singer R, Tesfaigzi Y, Vestbo J, Vonk JM, Yim JJ, Zhou X, Bossé Y, Manichaikul A, Lahousse L, Silverman EK, Boezen HM, Wain LV, Tobin MD, Hobbs BD, Cho MH. Genetic landscape of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease identifies heterogeneous cell-type and phenotype associations. Nat Genet 2019; 51:494-505. [PMID: 30804561 PMCID: PMC6546635 DOI: 10.1038/s41588-018-0342-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 194] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is the leading cause of respiratory mortality worldwide. Genetic risk loci provide new insights into disease pathogenesis. We performed a genome-wide association study in 35,735 cases and 222,076 controls from the UK Biobank and additional studies from the International COPD Genetics Consortium. We identified 82 loci associated with P < 5 × 10-8; 47 of these were previously described in association with either COPD or population-based measures of lung function. Of the remaining 35 new loci, 13 were associated with lung function in 79,055 individuals from the SpiroMeta consortium. Using gene expression and regulation data, we identified functional enrichment of COPD risk loci in lung tissue, smooth muscle, and several lung cell types. We found 14 COPD loci shared with either asthma or pulmonary fibrosis. COPD genetic risk loci clustered into groups based on associations with quantitative imaging features and comorbidities. Our analyses provide further support for the genetic susceptibility and heterogeneity of COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phuwanat Sakornsakolpat
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Dmitry Prokopenko
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Genetics and Aging Research Unit, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Maxime Lamontagne
- Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Québec, Quebec, Canada
| | - Nicola F Reeve
- Genetic Epidemiology Group, Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Anna L Guyatt
- Genetic Epidemiology Group, Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Victoria E Jackson
- Genetic Epidemiology Group, Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Nick Shrine
- Genetic Epidemiology Group, Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Dandi Qiao
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Traci M Bartz
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Deog Kyeom Kim
- Seoul National University College of Medicine, SMG-SNU Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Mi Kyeong Lee
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Jeanne C Latourelle
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Xingnan Li
- Department of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Jarrett D Morrow
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ma'en Obeidat
- University of British Columbia Center for Heart Lung Innovation, St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Annah B Wyss
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Per Bakke
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - R Graham Barr
- Department of Medicine, College of Physicians and Surgeons and Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Terri H Beaty
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Guy G Brusselle
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - James D Crapo
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Kim de Jong
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Epidemiology, Groningen, the Netherlands
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD (GRIAC), Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Dawn L DeMeo
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tasha E Fingerlin
- Center for Genes, Environment and Health, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA
- Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Sina A Gharib
- Computational Medicine Core, Center for Lung Biology, UW Medicine Sleep Center, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Amund Gulsvik
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Ian P Hall
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
- National Institute for Health Research Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham, UK
| | - John E Hokanson
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Woo Jin Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine and Environmental Health Center, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - David A Lomas
- UCL Respiratory, University College London, London, UK
| | - Stephanie J London
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | | | - George T O'Connor
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA
- Pulmonary Center, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Stephen I Rennard
- Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy Division, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
- Clinical Discovery Unit, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - David A Schwartz
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, USA
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Pawel Sliwinski
- 2nd Department of Respiratory Medicine, Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, Warsaw, Poland
| | - David Sparrow
- VA Boston Healthcare System and Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - David P Strachan
- Population Health Research Institute, St. George's University of London, London, UK
| | | | | | - Jørgen Vestbo
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Judith M Vonk
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Epidemiology, Groningen, the Netherlands
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD (GRIAC), Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Jae-Joon Yim
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Xiaobo Zhou
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yohan Bossé
- Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Québec, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Laval University, Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Ani Manichaikul
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Lies Lahousse
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Bioanalysis, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Edwin K Silverman
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - H Marike Boezen
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Epidemiology, Groningen, the Netherlands
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD (GRIAC), Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Louise V Wain
- Genetic Epidemiology Group, Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
- National Institute for Health Research Leicester Respiratory Biomedical Research Centre, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, UK
| | - Martin D Tobin
- Genetic Epidemiology Group, Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
- National Institute for Health Research Leicester Respiratory Biomedical Research Centre, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, UK
| | - Brian D Hobbs
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michael H Cho
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
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Laffranchi M, Berardelli R, Ronzoni R, Lomas DA, Fra A. Heteropolymerization of α-1-antitrypsin mutants in cell models mimicking heterozygosity. Hum Mol Genet 2019. [PMID: 29538751 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddy090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The most common genotype associated with severe α-1-antitrypsin deficiency (AATD) is the Z homozygote. The Z variant (Glu342Lys) of α-1-antitrypsin (AAT) undergoes a conformational change and is retained within the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) of hepatocytes leading to the formation of ordered polymeric chains and inclusion bodies. Accumulation of mutated protein predisposes to cirrhosis whilst plasma AAT deficiency leads to emphysema. Increased risk of liver and lung disease has also been reported in heterozygous subjects who carry Z in association with the milder S allele (Glu264Val) or even with wild-type M. However, it is unknown whether Z AAT can co-polymerize with other AAT variants in vivo. We co-expressed two AAT variants, each modified by a different tag, in cell models that replicate AAT deficiency. We used pull-down assays to investigate interactions between co-expressed variants and showed that Z AAT forms heteropolymers with S and with the rare Mmalton (Phe52del) and Mwurzburg (Pro369Ser) mutants, and to a lesser extent with the wild-type protein. Heteropolymers were recognized by the 2C1 mAb that binds to Z polymers in vivo. There was increased intracellular accumulation of AAT variants when co-expressed with Z AAT, suggesting a dominant negative effect of the Z allele. The molecular interactions between S and Z AAT were confirmed by confocal microscopy showing their colocalization within dilated ER cisternae and by positivity in Proximity Ligation Assays. These results provide the first evidence of intracellular co-polymerization of AAT mutants and contribute to understanding the risk of liver disease in SZ and MZ heterozygotes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattia Laffranchi
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Romina Berardelli
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Riccardo Ronzoni
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy.,UCL Respiratory and the Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - David A Lomas
- UCL Respiratory and the Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Annamaria Fra
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy
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Laffranchi M, Elliston ELK, Gangemi F, Berardelli R, Lomas DA, Irving JA, Fra A. Characterisation of a type II functionally-deficient variant of alpha-1-antitrypsin discovered in the general population. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0206955. [PMID: 30633749 PMCID: PMC6329500 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0206955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung disease in alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency (AATD) results from dysregulated proteolytic activity, mainly by neutrophil elastase (HNE), in the lung parenchyma. This is the result of a substantial reduction of circulating alpha-1-antitrypsin (AAT) and the presence in the plasma of inactive polymers of AAT. Moreover, some AAT mutants have reduced intrinsic activity toward HNE, as demonstrated for the common Z mutant, as well as for other rarer variants. Here we report the identification and characterisation of the novel AAT reactive centre loop variant Gly349Arg (p.G373R) present in the ExAC database. This AAT variant is secreted at normal levels in cellular models of AATD but shows a severe reduction in anti-HNE activity. Biochemical and molecular dynamics studies suggest it exhibits unfavourable RCL presentation to cognate proteases and compromised insertion of the RCL into β-sheet A. Identification of a fully dysfunctional AAT mutant that does not show a secretory defect underlines the importance of accurate genotyping of patients with pulmonary AATD manifestations regardless of the presence of normal levels of AAT in the circulation. This subtype of disease is reminiscent of dysfunctional phenotypes in anti-thrombin and C1-inibitor deficiencies so, accordingly, we classify this variant as the first pure functionally-deficient (type II) AATD mutant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattia Laffranchi
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Emma L K Elliston
- UCL Respiratory and the Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Fabrizio Gangemi
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Romina Berardelli
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - David A Lomas
- UCL Respiratory and the Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - James A Irving
- UCL Respiratory and the Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Annamaria Fra
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
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Qiao D, Ameli A, Prokopenko D, Chen H, Kho AT, Parker MM, Morrow J, Hobbs BD, Liu Y, Beaty TH, Crapo JD, Barnes KC, Nickerson DA, Bamshad M, Hersh CP, Lomas DA, Agusti A, Make BJ, Calverley PMA, Donner CF, Wouters EF, Vestbo J, Paré PD, Levy RD, Rennard SI, Tal-Singer R, Spitz MR, Sharma A, Ruczinski I, Lange C, Silverman EK, Cho MH. Whole exome sequencing analysis in severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Hum Mol Genet 2018; 27:3801-3812. [PMID: 30060175 PMCID: PMC6196654 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddy269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Revised: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), one of the leading causes of death worldwide, is substantially influenced by genetic factors. Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency demonstrates that rare coding variants of large effect can influence COPD susceptibility. To identify additional rare coding variants in patients with severe COPD, we conducted whole exome sequencing analysis in 2543 subjects from two family-based studies (Boston Early-Onset COPD Study and International COPD Genetics Network) and one case-control study (COPDGene). Applying a gene-based segregation test in the family-based data, we identified significant segregation of rare loss of function variants in TBC1D10A and RFPL1 (P-value < 2x10-6), but were unable to find similar variants in the case-control study. In single-variant, gene-based and pathway association analyses, we were unable to find significant findings that replicated or were significant in meta-analysis. However, we found that the top results in the two datasets were in proximity to each other in the protein-protein interaction network (P-value = 0.014), suggesting enrichment of these results for similar biological processes. A network of these association results and their neighbors was significantly enriched in the transforming growth factor beta-receptor binding and cilia-related pathways. Finally, in a more detailed examination of candidate genes, we identified individuals with putative high-risk variants, including patients harboring homozygous mutations in genes associated with cutis laxa and Niemann-Pick Disease Type C. Our results likely reflect heterogeneity of genetic risk for COPD along with limitations of statistical power and functional annotation, and highlight the potential of network analysis to gain insight into genetic association studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandi Qiao
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Asher Ameli
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Physics, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Dmitry Prokopenko
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Han Chen
- Human Genetics Center, Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Center for Precision Health, School of Public Health and School of Biomedical Informatics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Alvin T Kho
- Boston Children’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Margaret M Parker
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Jarrett Morrow
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Brian D Hobbs
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Yanhong Liu
- Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Terri H Beaty
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - James D Crapo
- National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Kathleen C Barnes
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Deborah A Nickerson
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Michael Bamshad
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington and Seattle Children’s Hospital, Seattle, Washington , United States of America
| | - Craig P Hersh
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | | | - Alvar Agusti
- Respiratory Institute, Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, CIBERES, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Barry J Make
- National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, United States of America
| | | | - Claudio F Donner
- Mondo Medico di I.F.I.M. srl, Multidisciplinary and Rehabilitation Outpatient Clinic, Borgomanero, Novara, Italy
| | - Emiel F Wouters
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center, AZ Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Jørgen Vestbo
- University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Peter D Paré
- Respiratory Division, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T, Canada
| | - Robert D Levy
- Respiratory Division, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T, Canada
| | - Stephen I Rennard
- University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
- AstraZeneca, Cambridge CB2 0RE, United Kingdom
| | - Ruth Tal-Singer
- GSK Research and Development, KingOf Prussia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Margaret R Spitz
- Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Amitabh Sharma
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Ingo Ruczinski
- Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Christoph Lange
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Edwin K Silverman
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Michael H Cho
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, USA
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Segeritz CP, Rashid ST, de Brito MC, Serra MP, Ordonez A, Morell CM, Kaserman JE, Madrigal P, Hannan NRF, Gatto L, Tan L, Wilson AA, Lilley K, Marciniak SJ, Gooptu B, Lomas DA, Vallier L. hiPSC hepatocyte model demonstrates the role of unfolded protein response and inflammatory networks in α 1-antitrypsin deficiency. J Hepatol 2018; 69:851-860. [PMID: 29879455 PMCID: PMC6562205 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2018.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Revised: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS α1-Antitrypsin deficiency (A1ATD) is an autosomal recessive disorder caused by mutations in the SERPINA1 gene. Individuals with the Z variant (Gly342Lys) retain polymerised protein in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) of their hepatocytes, predisposing them to liver disease. The concomitant lack of circulating A1AT also causes lung emphysema. Greater insight into the mechanisms that link protein misfolding to liver injury will facilitate the design of novel therapies. METHODS Human-induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived hepatocytes provide a novel approach to interrogate the molecular mechanisms of A1ATD because of their patient-specific genetic architecture and reflection of human physiology. To that end, we utilised patient-specific hiPSC hepatocyte-like cells (ZZ-HLCs) derived from an A1ATD (ZZ) patient, which faithfully recapitulated key aspects of the disease at the molecular and cellular level. Subsequent functional and "omics" comparisons of these cells with their genetically corrected isogenic-line (RR-HLCs) and primary hepatocytes/human tissue enabled identification of new molecular markers and disease signatures. RESULTS Our studies showed that abnormal A1AT polymer processing (immobilised ER components, reduced luminal protein mobility and disrupted ER cisternae) occurred heterogeneously within hepatocyte populations and was associated with disrupted mitochondrial structure, presence of the oncogenic protein AKR1B10 and two upregulated molecular clusters centred on members of inflammatory (IL-18 and Caspase-4) and unfolded protein response (Calnexin and Calreticulin) pathways. These results were validated in a second patient-specific hiPSC line. CONCLUSIONS Our data identified novel pathways that potentially link the expression of Z A1AT polymers to liver disease. These findings could help pave the way towards identification of new therapeutic targets for the treatment of A1ATD. LAY SUMMARY This study compared the gene expression and protein profiles of healthy liver cells and those affected by the inherited disease α1-antitrypsin deficiency. This approach identified specific factors primarily present in diseased samples which could provide new targets for drug development. This study also demonstrates the interest of using hepatic cells generated from human-induced pluripotent stem cells to model liver disease in vitro for uncovering new mechanisms with clinical relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charis-Patricia Segeritz
- Wellcome Trust and MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Department of Surgery, University of Cambridge, UK; Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, UK
| | - Sheikh Tamir Rashid
- Wellcome Trust and MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Department of Surgery, University of Cambridge, UK; Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, UK; Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine & Institute for Liver Studies, King's College London, UK.
| | - Miguel Cardoso de Brito
- Wellcome Trust and MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Department of Surgery, University of Cambridge, UK
| | - Maria Paola Serra
- Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine & Institute for Liver Studies, King's College London, UK
| | - Adriana Ordonez
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, UK
| | - Carola Maria Morell
- Wellcome Trust and MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Department of Surgery, University of Cambridge, UK
| | - Joseph E Kaserman
- Center for Regenerative Medicine (CReM) of Boston University and Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Pedro Madrigal
- Wellcome Trust and MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Department of Surgery, University of Cambridge, UK
| | - Nicholas R F Hannan
- Wellcome Trust and MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Department of Surgery, University of Cambridge, UK
| | - Laurent Gatto
- Cambridge Centre for Proteomics, Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Building O, Downing Site, Cambridge CB2 1QW, UK
| | - Lu Tan
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, UK
| | - Andrew A Wilson
- Center for Regenerative Medicine (CReM) of Boston University and Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Kathryn Lilley
- Cambridge Centre for Proteomics, Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Building O, Downing Site, Cambridge CB2 1QW, UK
| | | | - Bibek Gooptu
- NIHR Leicester BRC-Respiratory and Leicester Institute of Structural & Chemical Biology, University of Leicester, UK; ISMB/Birkbeck & UCL, University of London, UK; Division of Asthma, Allergy and Lung Biology, King's College London, UK
| | | | - Ludovic Vallier
- Wellcome Trust and MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Department of Surgery, University of Cambridge, UK; Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Genome Campus Hinxton, UK.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gerard J Criner
- Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA
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48
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Abstract
Alpha-1antitrypsin deficiency (AATD) results from the intracellular polymerization and retention of mutant alpha-1antitrypsin (AAT) within the endoplasmic reticulum of hepatocytes. This causes cirrhosis whilst the deficiency of circulating AAT predisposes to early onset emphysema. This is an exciting time for researchers in the field with the development of novel therapies based on understanding the pathobiology of disease. I review here augmentation therapy to prevent the progression of lung disease and a range of approaches to treat the liver disease associated with the accumulation of mutant AAT: modifying proteostasis networks that are activated by Z AAT polymers, stimulating autophagy, small interfering RNA and small molecules to block intracellular polymerization, and stem cell technology to correct the genetic defect that underlies AATD.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Lomas
- UCL Respiratory, Division of Medicine, University College London, United Kingdom
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Halpin DMG, Birk R, Brealey N, Criner GJ, Dransfield MT, Hilton E, Lomas DA, Zhu CQ, Lipson DA. Single-inhaler triple therapy in symptomatic COPD patients: FULFIL subgroup analyses. ERJ Open Res 2018; 4:00119-2017. [PMID: 29750142 PMCID: PMC5934530 DOI: 10.1183/23120541.00119-2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Triple inhaled corticosteroid (ICS)/long-acting muscarinic antagonist (LAMA)/long-acting β2-agonist (LABA) therapy is recommended for symptomatic patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and at risk of exacerbations. However, the benefits versus side-effects of triple inhaled therapy for COPD, based on distinct patient clinical profiles, are unclear. FULFIL, a phase III, randomised, double-blind study, compared 24 weeks of once-daily fluticasone furoate/umeclidinium/vilanterol (FF/UMEC/VI) 100/62.5/25 µg using the Ellipta inhaler with twice-daily budesonide/formoterol (BUD/FOR) 400/12 µg using the Turbuhaler. Subgroup analyses of forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1), St George's Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ) Total score and exacerbation rates were carried out. Subgroups were defined by COPD medication at screening (ICS+LABA, BUD+FOR, ICS+LABA+LAMA, LAMA alone, tiotropium alone and LAMA+LABA), by disease severity (lung function and exacerbations) and by exacerbation history (exacerbation severity and frequency). In the intent-to-treat population (n=1810) at week 24, FF/UMEC/VI (n=911) versus BUD/FOR (n=899) improved FEV1 and SGRQ Total score and reduced mean annual exacerbation rates in all disease severity and exacerbation history subgroups. FF/UMEC/VI versus BUD/FOR improved FEV1 and SGRQ Total score in all medication subgroups and reduced mean annual exacerbation rates in all medication subgroups, except LAMA+LABA. Adverse events were similar across subgroups. These findings support the benefit of FF/UMEC/VI compared with dual ICS/LABA therapy in patients with symptomatic COPD regardless of disease severity or prior treatment and may help to inform clinical decision making. Single-inhaler triple therapy for COPD provides clinical benefit across a wide spectrum of disease characteristicshttp://ow.ly/ETBv30iXQ97
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Affiliation(s)
- David M G Halpin
- Dept of Respiratory Medicine, Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital, Exeter, UK
| | | | | | - Gerard J Criner
- Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Mark T Dransfield
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Lung Health Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | | | - David A Lomas
- UCL Respiratory, University College London, London, UK
| | | | - David A Lipson
- GSK, King of Prussia, PA, USA.,Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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50
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Lipson DA, Barnhart F, Brealey N, Brooks J, Criner GJ, Day NC, Dransfield MT, Halpin DMG, Han MK, Jones CE, Kilbride S, Lange P, Lomas DA, Martinez FJ, Singh D, Tabberer M, Wise RA, Pascoe SJ. Once-Daily Single-Inhaler Triple versus Dual Therapy in Patients with COPD. N Engl J Med 2018; 378:1671-1680. [PMID: 29668352 DOI: 10.1056/nejmoa1713901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 691] [Impact Index Per Article: 115.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The benefits of triple therapy for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) with an inhaled glucocorticoid, a long-acting muscarinic antagonist (LAMA), and a long-acting β2-agonist (LABA), as compared with dual therapy (either inhaled glucocorticoid-LABA or LAMA-LABA), are uncertain. METHODS In this randomized trial involving 10,355 patients with COPD, we compared 52 weeks of a once-daily combination of fluticasone furoate (an inhaled glucocorticoid) at a dose of 100 μg, umeclidinium (a LAMA) at a dose of 62.5 μg, and vilanterol (a LABA) at a dose of 25 μg (triple therapy) with fluticasone furoate-vilanterol (at doses of 100 μg and 25 μg, respectively) and umeclidinium-vilanterol (at doses of 62.5 μg and 25 μg, respectively). Each regimen was administered in a single Ellipta inhaler. The primary outcome was the annual rate of moderate or severe COPD exacerbations during treatment. RESULTS The rate of moderate or severe exacerbations in the triple-therapy group was 0.91 per year, as compared with 1.07 per year in the fluticasone furoate-vilanterol group (rate ratio with triple therapy, 0.85; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.80 to 0.90; 15% difference; P<0.001) and 1.21 per year in the umeclidinium-vilanterol group (rate ratio with triple therapy, 0.75; 95% CI, 0.70 to 0.81; 25% difference; P<0.001). The annual rate of severe exacerbations resulting in hospitalization in the triple-therapy group was 0.13, as compared with 0.19 in the umeclidinium-vilanterol group (rate ratio, 0.66; 95% CI, 0.56 to 0.78; 34% difference; P<0.001). There was a higher incidence of pneumonia in the inhaled-glucocorticoid groups than in the umeclidinium-vilanterol group, and the risk of clinician-diagnosed pneumonia was significantly higher with triple therapy than with umeclidinium-vilanterol, as assessed in a time-to-first-event analysis (hazard ratio, 1.53; 95% CI, 1.22 to 1.92; P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS Triple therapy with fluticasone furoate, umeclidinium, and vilanterol resulted in a lower rate of moderate or severe COPD exacerbations than fluticasone furoate-vilanterol or umeclidinium-vilanterol in this population. Triple therapy also resulted in a lower rate of hospitalization due to COPD than umeclidinium-vilanterol. (Funded by GlaxoSmithKline; IMPACT ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT02164513 .).
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Lipson
- From GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville (D.A. Lipson, J.B., S.J.P.), and the Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania (D.A. Lipson), and Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University (G.J.C.), Philadelphia - all in Pennsylvania; GlaxoSmithKline, Research Triangle Park, NC (F.B., C.E.J.); GlaxoSmithKline, Stockley Park West, Uxbridge (N.B., N.C.D., S.K., M.T.), the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital, Exeter (D.M.G.H.), UCL Respiratory, University College London, London (D.A. Lomas), and the Centre for Respiratory Medicine and Allergy, Institute of Inflammation and Repair, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester (D.S.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Lung Health Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (M.T.D.); the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (M.K.H.); the Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen (P.L.), and the Medical Department, Pulmonary Section, Herlev-Gentofte Hospital, Herlev (P.L.) - both in Denmark; New York-Presbyterian Hospital/Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York (F.J.M.); and the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore (R.A.W.)
| | - Frank Barnhart
- From GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville (D.A. Lipson, J.B., S.J.P.), and the Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania (D.A. Lipson), and Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University (G.J.C.), Philadelphia - all in Pennsylvania; GlaxoSmithKline, Research Triangle Park, NC (F.B., C.E.J.); GlaxoSmithKline, Stockley Park West, Uxbridge (N.B., N.C.D., S.K., M.T.), the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital, Exeter (D.M.G.H.), UCL Respiratory, University College London, London (D.A. Lomas), and the Centre for Respiratory Medicine and Allergy, Institute of Inflammation and Repair, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester (D.S.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Lung Health Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (M.T.D.); the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (M.K.H.); the Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen (P.L.), and the Medical Department, Pulmonary Section, Herlev-Gentofte Hospital, Herlev (P.L.) - both in Denmark; New York-Presbyterian Hospital/Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York (F.J.M.); and the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore (R.A.W.)
| | - Noushin Brealey
- From GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville (D.A. Lipson, J.B., S.J.P.), and the Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania (D.A. Lipson), and Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University (G.J.C.), Philadelphia - all in Pennsylvania; GlaxoSmithKline, Research Triangle Park, NC (F.B., C.E.J.); GlaxoSmithKline, Stockley Park West, Uxbridge (N.B., N.C.D., S.K., M.T.), the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital, Exeter (D.M.G.H.), UCL Respiratory, University College London, London (D.A. Lomas), and the Centre for Respiratory Medicine and Allergy, Institute of Inflammation and Repair, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester (D.S.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Lung Health Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (M.T.D.); the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (M.K.H.); the Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen (P.L.), and the Medical Department, Pulmonary Section, Herlev-Gentofte Hospital, Herlev (P.L.) - both in Denmark; New York-Presbyterian Hospital/Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York (F.J.M.); and the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore (R.A.W.)
| | - Jean Brooks
- From GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville (D.A. Lipson, J.B., S.J.P.), and the Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania (D.A. Lipson), and Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University (G.J.C.), Philadelphia - all in Pennsylvania; GlaxoSmithKline, Research Triangle Park, NC (F.B., C.E.J.); GlaxoSmithKline, Stockley Park West, Uxbridge (N.B., N.C.D., S.K., M.T.), the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital, Exeter (D.M.G.H.), UCL Respiratory, University College London, London (D.A. Lomas), and the Centre for Respiratory Medicine and Allergy, Institute of Inflammation and Repair, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester (D.S.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Lung Health Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (M.T.D.); the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (M.K.H.); the Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen (P.L.), and the Medical Department, Pulmonary Section, Herlev-Gentofte Hospital, Herlev (P.L.) - both in Denmark; New York-Presbyterian Hospital/Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York (F.J.M.); and the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore (R.A.W.)
| | - Gerard J Criner
- From GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville (D.A. Lipson, J.B., S.J.P.), and the Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania (D.A. Lipson), and Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University (G.J.C.), Philadelphia - all in Pennsylvania; GlaxoSmithKline, Research Triangle Park, NC (F.B., C.E.J.); GlaxoSmithKline, Stockley Park West, Uxbridge (N.B., N.C.D., S.K., M.T.), the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital, Exeter (D.M.G.H.), UCL Respiratory, University College London, London (D.A. Lomas), and the Centre for Respiratory Medicine and Allergy, Institute of Inflammation and Repair, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester (D.S.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Lung Health Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (M.T.D.); the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (M.K.H.); the Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen (P.L.), and the Medical Department, Pulmonary Section, Herlev-Gentofte Hospital, Herlev (P.L.) - both in Denmark; New York-Presbyterian Hospital/Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York (F.J.M.); and the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore (R.A.W.)
| | - Nicola C Day
- From GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville (D.A. Lipson, J.B., S.J.P.), and the Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania (D.A. Lipson), and Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University (G.J.C.), Philadelphia - all in Pennsylvania; GlaxoSmithKline, Research Triangle Park, NC (F.B., C.E.J.); GlaxoSmithKline, Stockley Park West, Uxbridge (N.B., N.C.D., S.K., M.T.), the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital, Exeter (D.M.G.H.), UCL Respiratory, University College London, London (D.A. Lomas), and the Centre for Respiratory Medicine and Allergy, Institute of Inflammation and Repair, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester (D.S.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Lung Health Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (M.T.D.); the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (M.K.H.); the Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen (P.L.), and the Medical Department, Pulmonary Section, Herlev-Gentofte Hospital, Herlev (P.L.) - both in Denmark; New York-Presbyterian Hospital/Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York (F.J.M.); and the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore (R.A.W.)
| | - Mark T Dransfield
- From GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville (D.A. Lipson, J.B., S.J.P.), and the Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania (D.A. Lipson), and Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University (G.J.C.), Philadelphia - all in Pennsylvania; GlaxoSmithKline, Research Triangle Park, NC (F.B., C.E.J.); GlaxoSmithKline, Stockley Park West, Uxbridge (N.B., N.C.D., S.K., M.T.), the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital, Exeter (D.M.G.H.), UCL Respiratory, University College London, London (D.A. Lomas), and the Centre for Respiratory Medicine and Allergy, Institute of Inflammation and Repair, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester (D.S.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Lung Health Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (M.T.D.); the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (M.K.H.); the Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen (P.L.), and the Medical Department, Pulmonary Section, Herlev-Gentofte Hospital, Herlev (P.L.) - both in Denmark; New York-Presbyterian Hospital/Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York (F.J.M.); and the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore (R.A.W.)
| | - David M G Halpin
- From GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville (D.A. Lipson, J.B., S.J.P.), and the Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania (D.A. Lipson), and Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University (G.J.C.), Philadelphia - all in Pennsylvania; GlaxoSmithKline, Research Triangle Park, NC (F.B., C.E.J.); GlaxoSmithKline, Stockley Park West, Uxbridge (N.B., N.C.D., S.K., M.T.), the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital, Exeter (D.M.G.H.), UCL Respiratory, University College London, London (D.A. Lomas), and the Centre for Respiratory Medicine and Allergy, Institute of Inflammation and Repair, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester (D.S.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Lung Health Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (M.T.D.); the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (M.K.H.); the Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen (P.L.), and the Medical Department, Pulmonary Section, Herlev-Gentofte Hospital, Herlev (P.L.) - both in Denmark; New York-Presbyterian Hospital/Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York (F.J.M.); and the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore (R.A.W.)
| | - MeiLan K Han
- From GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville (D.A. Lipson, J.B., S.J.P.), and the Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania (D.A. Lipson), and Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University (G.J.C.), Philadelphia - all in Pennsylvania; GlaxoSmithKline, Research Triangle Park, NC (F.B., C.E.J.); GlaxoSmithKline, Stockley Park West, Uxbridge (N.B., N.C.D., S.K., M.T.), the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital, Exeter (D.M.G.H.), UCL Respiratory, University College London, London (D.A. Lomas), and the Centre for Respiratory Medicine and Allergy, Institute of Inflammation and Repair, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester (D.S.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Lung Health Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (M.T.D.); the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (M.K.H.); the Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen (P.L.), and the Medical Department, Pulmonary Section, Herlev-Gentofte Hospital, Herlev (P.L.) - both in Denmark; New York-Presbyterian Hospital/Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York (F.J.M.); and the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore (R.A.W.)
| | - C Elaine Jones
- From GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville (D.A. Lipson, J.B., S.J.P.), and the Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania (D.A. Lipson), and Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University (G.J.C.), Philadelphia - all in Pennsylvania; GlaxoSmithKline, Research Triangle Park, NC (F.B., C.E.J.); GlaxoSmithKline, Stockley Park West, Uxbridge (N.B., N.C.D., S.K., M.T.), the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital, Exeter (D.M.G.H.), UCL Respiratory, University College London, London (D.A. Lomas), and the Centre for Respiratory Medicine and Allergy, Institute of Inflammation and Repair, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester (D.S.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Lung Health Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (M.T.D.); the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (M.K.H.); the Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen (P.L.), and the Medical Department, Pulmonary Section, Herlev-Gentofte Hospital, Herlev (P.L.) - both in Denmark; New York-Presbyterian Hospital/Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York (F.J.M.); and the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore (R.A.W.)
| | - Sally Kilbride
- From GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville (D.A. Lipson, J.B., S.J.P.), and the Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania (D.A. Lipson), and Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University (G.J.C.), Philadelphia - all in Pennsylvania; GlaxoSmithKline, Research Triangle Park, NC (F.B., C.E.J.); GlaxoSmithKline, Stockley Park West, Uxbridge (N.B., N.C.D., S.K., M.T.), the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital, Exeter (D.M.G.H.), UCL Respiratory, University College London, London (D.A. Lomas), and the Centre for Respiratory Medicine and Allergy, Institute of Inflammation and Repair, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester (D.S.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Lung Health Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (M.T.D.); the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (M.K.H.); the Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen (P.L.), and the Medical Department, Pulmonary Section, Herlev-Gentofte Hospital, Herlev (P.L.) - both in Denmark; New York-Presbyterian Hospital/Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York (F.J.M.); and the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore (R.A.W.)
| | - Peter Lange
- From GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville (D.A. Lipson, J.B., S.J.P.), and the Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania (D.A. Lipson), and Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University (G.J.C.), Philadelphia - all in Pennsylvania; GlaxoSmithKline, Research Triangle Park, NC (F.B., C.E.J.); GlaxoSmithKline, Stockley Park West, Uxbridge (N.B., N.C.D., S.K., M.T.), the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital, Exeter (D.M.G.H.), UCL Respiratory, University College London, London (D.A. Lomas), and the Centre for Respiratory Medicine and Allergy, Institute of Inflammation and Repair, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester (D.S.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Lung Health Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (M.T.D.); the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (M.K.H.); the Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen (P.L.), and the Medical Department, Pulmonary Section, Herlev-Gentofte Hospital, Herlev (P.L.) - both in Denmark; New York-Presbyterian Hospital/Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York (F.J.M.); and the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore (R.A.W.)
| | - David A Lomas
- From GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville (D.A. Lipson, J.B., S.J.P.), and the Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania (D.A. Lipson), and Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University (G.J.C.), Philadelphia - all in Pennsylvania; GlaxoSmithKline, Research Triangle Park, NC (F.B., C.E.J.); GlaxoSmithKline, Stockley Park West, Uxbridge (N.B., N.C.D., S.K., M.T.), the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital, Exeter (D.M.G.H.), UCL Respiratory, University College London, London (D.A. Lomas), and the Centre for Respiratory Medicine and Allergy, Institute of Inflammation and Repair, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester (D.S.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Lung Health Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (M.T.D.); the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (M.K.H.); the Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen (P.L.), and the Medical Department, Pulmonary Section, Herlev-Gentofte Hospital, Herlev (P.L.) - both in Denmark; New York-Presbyterian Hospital/Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York (F.J.M.); and the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore (R.A.W.)
| | - Fernando J Martinez
- From GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville (D.A. Lipson, J.B., S.J.P.), and the Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania (D.A. Lipson), and Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University (G.J.C.), Philadelphia - all in Pennsylvania; GlaxoSmithKline, Research Triangle Park, NC (F.B., C.E.J.); GlaxoSmithKline, Stockley Park West, Uxbridge (N.B., N.C.D., S.K., M.T.), the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital, Exeter (D.M.G.H.), UCL Respiratory, University College London, London (D.A. Lomas), and the Centre for Respiratory Medicine and Allergy, Institute of Inflammation and Repair, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester (D.S.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Lung Health Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (M.T.D.); the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (M.K.H.); the Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen (P.L.), and the Medical Department, Pulmonary Section, Herlev-Gentofte Hospital, Herlev (P.L.) - both in Denmark; New York-Presbyterian Hospital/Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York (F.J.M.); and the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore (R.A.W.)
| | - Dave Singh
- From GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville (D.A. Lipson, J.B., S.J.P.), and the Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania (D.A. Lipson), and Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University (G.J.C.), Philadelphia - all in Pennsylvania; GlaxoSmithKline, Research Triangle Park, NC (F.B., C.E.J.); GlaxoSmithKline, Stockley Park West, Uxbridge (N.B., N.C.D., S.K., M.T.), the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital, Exeter (D.M.G.H.), UCL Respiratory, University College London, London (D.A. Lomas), and the Centre for Respiratory Medicine and Allergy, Institute of Inflammation and Repair, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester (D.S.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Lung Health Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (M.T.D.); the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (M.K.H.); the Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen (P.L.), and the Medical Department, Pulmonary Section, Herlev-Gentofte Hospital, Herlev (P.L.) - both in Denmark; New York-Presbyterian Hospital/Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York (F.J.M.); and the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore (R.A.W.)
| | - Maggie Tabberer
- From GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville (D.A. Lipson, J.B., S.J.P.), and the Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania (D.A. Lipson), and Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University (G.J.C.), Philadelphia - all in Pennsylvania; GlaxoSmithKline, Research Triangle Park, NC (F.B., C.E.J.); GlaxoSmithKline, Stockley Park West, Uxbridge (N.B., N.C.D., S.K., M.T.), the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital, Exeter (D.M.G.H.), UCL Respiratory, University College London, London (D.A. Lomas), and the Centre for Respiratory Medicine and Allergy, Institute of Inflammation and Repair, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester (D.S.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Lung Health Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (M.T.D.); the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (M.K.H.); the Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen (P.L.), and the Medical Department, Pulmonary Section, Herlev-Gentofte Hospital, Herlev (P.L.) - both in Denmark; New York-Presbyterian Hospital/Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York (F.J.M.); and the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore (R.A.W.)
| | - Robert A Wise
- From GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville (D.A. Lipson, J.B., S.J.P.), and the Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania (D.A. Lipson), and Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University (G.J.C.), Philadelphia - all in Pennsylvania; GlaxoSmithKline, Research Triangle Park, NC (F.B., C.E.J.); GlaxoSmithKline, Stockley Park West, Uxbridge (N.B., N.C.D., S.K., M.T.), the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital, Exeter (D.M.G.H.), UCL Respiratory, University College London, London (D.A. Lomas), and the Centre for Respiratory Medicine and Allergy, Institute of Inflammation and Repair, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester (D.S.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Lung Health Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (M.T.D.); the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (M.K.H.); the Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen (P.L.), and the Medical Department, Pulmonary Section, Herlev-Gentofte Hospital, Herlev (P.L.) - both in Denmark; New York-Presbyterian Hospital/Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York (F.J.M.); and the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore (R.A.W.)
| | - Steven J Pascoe
- From GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville (D.A. Lipson, J.B., S.J.P.), and the Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania (D.A. Lipson), and Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University (G.J.C.), Philadelphia - all in Pennsylvania; GlaxoSmithKline, Research Triangle Park, NC (F.B., C.E.J.); GlaxoSmithKline, Stockley Park West, Uxbridge (N.B., N.C.D., S.K., M.T.), the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital, Exeter (D.M.G.H.), UCL Respiratory, University College London, London (D.A. Lomas), and the Centre for Respiratory Medicine and Allergy, Institute of Inflammation and Repair, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester (D.S.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Lung Health Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (M.T.D.); the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (M.K.H.); the Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen (P.L.), and the Medical Department, Pulmonary Section, Herlev-Gentofte Hospital, Herlev (P.L.) - both in Denmark; New York-Presbyterian Hospital/Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York (F.J.M.); and the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore (R.A.W.)
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