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Chen X, Ma R, Wu W, Gao R, Shu Y, Dong M, Guo M, Tang D, Li D, Ji S. Wighteone, a prenylated flavonoid from licorice, inhibits growth of SW480 colorectal cancer cells by allosteric inhibition of Akt. J Ethnopharmacol 2024; 330:118195. [PMID: 38641080 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.118195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2024] [Revised: 03/31/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Licorice is a frequently used herbal medicine worldwide, and is used to treat cough, hepatitis, cancer and influenza in clinical practice of traditional Chinese medicine. Modern pharmacological studies indicate that prenylated flavonoids play an important role in the anti-tumor activity of licorice, especially the tumors in stomach, lung, colon and liver. Wighteone is one of the main prenylated flavonoids in licorice, and its possible effect and target against colorectal cancer have not been investigated. AIM OF THE STUDY This study aimed to investigate the anti-colorectal cancer effect and underlying mechanism of wighteone. MATERIALS AND METHODS SW480 human colorectal cancer cells were used to evaluate the in vitro anti-colorectal cancer activity and Akt regulation effect of wighteone by flow cytometry, phosphoproteomic and Western blot analysis. Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) assay, molecular docking and dynamics simulation, and kinase activity assay were used to investigate the direct interaction between wighteone and Akt. A nude mouse xenograft model with SW480 cells was used to verify the in vivo anti-colorectal cancer activity of wighteone. RESULTS Wighteone inhibited phosphorylation of Akt and its downstream kinases in SW480 cells, which led to a reduction in cell viability. Wighteone had direct interaction with both PH and kinase domains of Akt, which locked Akt in a "closed" conformation with allosteric inhibition, and Gln79, Tyr272, Arg273 and Lys297 played the most critical role due to their hydrogen bond and hydrophobic interactions with wighteone. Based on Akt overexpression or activation in SW480 cells, further mechanistic studies suggested that wighteone-induced Akt inhibition led to cycle arrest, apoptosis and autophagic death of SW480 cells. Moreover, wighteone exerted in vivo anti-colorectal cancer effect and Akt inhibition activity in the nude mouse xenograft model. CONCLUSION Wighteone could inhibit growth of SW480 cells through allosteric inhibition of Akt, which led to cell cycle arrest, apoptosis and autophagic death. The results contributed to understanding of the anti-tumor mechanism of licorice, and also provided a rationale to design novel Akt allosteric inhibitors for the treatment of colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofei Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, China.
| | - Ruili Ma
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, China.
| | - Weiguo Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, China.
| | - Ran Gao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, China.
| | - Yikang Shu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, China.
| | - Mingxin Dong
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510640, China.
| | - Mengzhe Guo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, China.
| | - Daoquan Tang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, China.
| | - Danhua Li
- Department of Pathology, Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Pathology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, China.
| | - Shuai Ji
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, China.
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Zhang S, Zhang Y, Wen Z, Chen Y, Bu T, Yang Y, Ni Q. Enhancing β-cell function and identity in type 2 diabetes: The protective role of Coptis deltoidea C. Y. Cheng et Hsiao via glucose metabolism modulation and AMPK signaling activation. Phytomedicine 2024; 128:155396. [PMID: 38547617 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Abnormalities in glucose metabolism may be the underlying cause of β-cell dysfunction and identity impairment resulting from high glucose exposure. In China, Coptis deltoidea C. Y. Cheng et Hsiao (YL) has demonstrated remarkable hypoglycemic effects. HYPOTHESIS/PURPOSE To investigate the hypoglycemic effect of YL and determine the mechanism of YL in treating diabetes. METHODS A type 2 diabetes mouse model was used to investigate the pharmacodynamics of YL. YL was administrated once daily for 8 weeks. The hypoglycemic effect of YL was assessed by fasting blood glucose, an oral glucose tolerance test, insulin levels, and other indexes. The underlying mechanism of YL was examined by targeting glucose metabolomics, western blotting, and qRT-PCR. Subsequently, the binding capacity between predicted AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and important components of YL (Cop, Ber, and Epi) were validated by molecular docking and surface plasmon resonance. Then, in AMPK knockdown MIN6 cells, the mechanisms of Cop, Ber, and Epi were inversely confirmed through evaluations encompassing glucose-stimulated insulin secretion, markers indicative of β-cell identity, and the examination of glycolytic genes and products. RESULTS YL (0.9 g/kg) treatment exerted notable hypoglycemic effects and protected the structural integrity and identity of pancreatic β-cells. Metabolomic analysis revealed that YL inhibited the hyperactivated glycolysis pathway in diabetic mice, thereby regulating the products of the tricarboxylic acid cycle. KEGG enrichment revealed the intimate relationship of this process with the AMPK signaling pathway. Cop, Ber, and Epi in YL displayed high binding affinities for AMPK protein. These compounds played a pivotal role in preserving the identity of pancreatic β-cells and amplifying insulin secretion. The mechanism underlying this process involved inhibition of glucose uptake, lowering intracellular lactate levels, and elevating acetyl coenzyme A and ATP levels through AMPK signaling. The use of a glycolytic inhibitor corroborated that attenuation of glycolysis restored β-cell identity and function. CONCLUSION YL demonstrates significant hypoglycemic efficacy. We elucidated the potential mechanisms underlying the protective effects of YL and its active constituents on β-cell function and identity by observing glucose metabolism processes in pancreatic tissue and cells. In this intricate process, AMPK plays a pivotal regulatory role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang' anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Yueying Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang' anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Zhige Wen
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang' anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Yupeng Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang' anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Tianjie Bu
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang' anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Yanan Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang' anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Qing Ni
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang' anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, China.
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Du Y, Zhang R, Zheng XX, Zhao YL, Chen YL, Ji S, Guo MZ, Tang DQ. Mulberry (Morus alba L.) leaf water extract attenuates type 2 diabetes mellitus by regulating gut microbiota dysbiosis, lipopolysaccharide elevation and endocannabinoid system disorder. J Ethnopharmacol 2024; 323:117681. [PMID: 38163557 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Mulberry (Morus alba L.) leaf is a well-known herbal medicine and has been used to treat diabetes in China for thousands of years. Our previous studies have proven mulberry leaf water extract (MLWE) could improve type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D). However, it is still unclear whether MLWE could mitigate T2D by regulating gut microbiota dysbiosis and thereof improve intestinal permeability and metabolic dysfunction through modulation of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and endocannabinoid system (eCBs). AIM OF STUDY This study aims to explore the potential mechanism of MLWE on the regulation of metabolic function disorder of T2D mice from the aspects of gut microbiota, LPS and eCBs. MATERIALS AND METHODS Gut microbiota was analyzed by high-throughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing. LPS, N-arachidonoylethanolamine (AEA) and 2-ararchidonylglycerol (2-AG) contents in blood were determined by kits or liquid phase chromatography coupled with triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry, respectively. The receptors, enzymes or tight junction protein related to eCBs or gut barrier were detected by RT-PCR or Western blot, respectively. RESULTS MLWE reduced the serum levels of AEA, 2-AG and LPS, decreased the expressions of N-acylphophatidylethanolamine phospholipase D, diacylglycerol lipase-α and cyclooxygenase 2, and increased the expressions of fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH), N-acylethanolamine-hydrolyzing acid amidase (NAAA), alpha/beta hydrolases domain 6/12 in the liver and ileum and occludin, monoacylglycerol lipase and cannabinoid receptor 1 in the ileum of T2D mice. Furthermore, MLWE could change the abundances of the genera including Acetatifactor, Anaerovorax, Bilophila, Colidextribacter, Dubosiella, Gastranaerophilales, Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group, Oscillibacter and Rikenella related to LPS, AEA and/or 2-AG. Moreover, obvious improvement of MLWE treatment on serum AEA level, ileum occludin expression, and liver FAAH and NAAA expression could be observed in germ-free-mimic T2D mice. CONCLUSION MLWE could ameliorate intestinal permeability, inflammation, and glucose and lipid metabolism imbalance of T2D by regulating gut microbiota, LPS and eCBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Du
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, China
| | - Ran Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, China; Department of Medical Affairs, Xuzhou RenCi Hospital Affiliated to Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, China
| | - Xiao-Xiao Zheng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, China; Department of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Municipal Hospital Affiliated to Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221116, China
| | - Yan-Lin Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, Suining People's Hospital Affiliated to Xuzhou Medical University, Suining, 221202, China
| | - Yu-Lang Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, China
| | - Shuai Ji
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, China
| | - Meng-Zhe Guo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, China
| | - Dao-Quan Tang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, China; Department of Pharmacy, Suining People's Hospital Affiliated to Xuzhou Medical University, Suining, 221202, China.
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Ping WX, Hu S, Su JQ, Ouyang SY. Metabolic disorders in prediabetes: From mechanisms to therapeutic management. World J Diabetes 2024; 15:361-377. [PMID: 38591088 PMCID: PMC10999048 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v15.i3.361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Diabetes, one of the world's top ten diseases, is known for its high mortality and complication rates and low cure rate. Prediabetes precedes the onset of diabetes, during which effective treatment can reduce diabetes risk. Prediabetes risk factors include high-calorie and high-fat diets, sedentary lifestyles, and stress. Consequences may include considerable damage to vital organs, including the retina, liver, and kidneys. Interventions for treating prediabetes include a healthy lifestyle diet and pharmacological treatments. However, while these options are effective in the short term, they may fail due to the difficulty of long-term implementation. Medications may also be used to treat prediabetes. This review examines prediabetic treatments, particularly metformin, glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists, sodium glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors, vitamin D, and herbal medicines. Given the remarkable impact of prediabetes on the progression of diabetes mellitus, it is crucial to intervene promptly and effectively to regulate prediabetes. However, the current body of research on prediabetes is limited, and there is considerable confusion surrounding clinically relevant medications. This paper aims to provide a comprehensive summary of the pathogenesis of pre-diabetes mellitus and its associated therapeutic drugs. The ultimate goal is to facilitate the clinical utilization of medications and achieve efficient and timely control of diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Xin Ping
- Biomedical Research Center of South China, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, Fujian Province, China
| | - Shan Hu
- Biomedical Research Center of South China, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, Fujian Province, China
| | - Jing-Qian Su
- Biomedical Research Center of South China, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, Fujian Province, China
| | - Song-Ying Ouyang
- Biomedical Research Center of South China, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, Fujian Province, China
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Zou M, Wang D, Chen Y, Yang C, Xu S, Dai Y. Dajianzhong decoction ameliorated D-gal-induced cognitive aging by triggering mitophagy in vivo and in vitro. J Ethnopharmacol 2024; 319:117212. [PMID: 37783403 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Dajianzhong decoction (DJZ) is a classical famous formula for treating yang-deficiency-syndrome in traditional Chinese medicine and recorded in Jin-Kui-Yao-Lue in Dynasty of Dong Han. Cognitive aging can present similar features of mitochondrial energy deficits to the clinical features of Yang deficiency. However, there is poor understanding of the effects of DJZ treatment on mitophagy in cognitive aging. AIM OF THE STUDY The aims of this work were to decipher the effectiveness and mechanism of DJZ against cognitive aging, focusing on mitophagy. MATERIALS AND METHODS YFP-Parkin HeLa cells, D-galactose (D-gal) -induced mice (500 mg/kg for 35 d, s. c.) and SH-SY5Y cells (80 mg/ml for 6 h) were established. Firstly, the formation of YFP-Parkin puncta (a well-known mitophagy marker) in YFP-Parkin HeLa cells was employed to discover the mitophagy induction of DJZ. Moreover, the genes and proteins related to PINK1/Parkin pathway and mitochondrial functions were evaluated after treatment with DJZ in vivo (3.5 g/kg or 1.75 g/kg, i. g, 35 d) and in vitro (0.2, 2 and 20 μg/ml, 12 h). Furthermore, the effectiveness of DJZ (3.5 g/kg or 1.75 g/kg, i. g) for alleviating cognitive aging and nerve damage was measured in D-gal mice. Finally, siPINK1 was applied to reverse validation of DJZ in vitro. RESULTS The formation of YFP-Parkin puncta in YFP-Parkin HeLa cells was markedly induced by DJZ in a dose-dependent manner. The immunofluorescence intensity of Parkin and the protein expression of Parkin in mitochondrial membrane in D-gal mice were significantly increased after treatment of DJZ. The inhibition of PINK1/Parkin pathway in D-gal-induced mice and SH-SY5Y cells was significantly activated by DJZ. Simultaneously, the impairment of mitochondrial functions induced by D-gal were markedly reversed by DJZ. In addition, DJZ significantly ameliorated the neuropathological injury and cognitive declines in D-gal mice. Finally, after PINK1 was knocked down by siPINK1 in vitro, the neuroprotective effects of DJZ and the Parkin enhancement effect of DJZ were markedly reversed. CONCLUSION Our findings firstly showed DJZ could relieve cognitive aging through facilitating PINK1/Parkin-mediated mitophagy to protect against mitochondrial functions, indicating DJZ may be regarded as a promising intervention in cognitive aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Zou
- School of Health Preservation and Rehabilitation, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China; Institute of Material Medica Integration and Transformation for Brain Disorders, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137, PR China
| | - Dan Wang
- School of Health Preservation and Rehabilitation, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China; Institute of Material Medica Integration and Transformation for Brain Disorders, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137, PR China
| | - Yuanyuan Chen
- Institute of Material Medica Integration and Transformation for Brain Disorders, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137, PR China; School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Chuan Yang
- Institute of Material Medica Integration and Transformation for Brain Disorders, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137, PR China; School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Shijun Xu
- Institute of Material Medica Integration and Transformation for Brain Disorders, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137, PR China; School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| | - Yuan Dai
- School of Health Preservation and Rehabilitation, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China; Institute of Material Medica Integration and Transformation for Brain Disorders, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137, PR China.
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Zhao X, Bie LY, Pang DR, Li X, Yang LF, Chen DD, Wang YR, Gao Y. The role of autophagy in the treatment of type II diabetes and its complications: a review. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1228045. [PMID: 37810881 PMCID: PMC10551182 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1228045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Type II diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic metabolic disease characterized by prolonged hyperglycemia and insulin resistance (IR). Its incidence is increasing annually, posing a significant threat to human life and health. Consequently, there is an urgent requirement to discover effective drugs and investigate the pathogenesis of T2DM. Autophagy plays a crucial role in maintaining normal islet structure. However, in a state of high glucose, autophagy is inhibited, resulting in impaired islet function, insulin resistance, and complications. Studies have shown that modulating autophagy through activation or inhibition can have a positive impact on the treatment of T2DM and its complications. However, it is important to note that the specific regulatory mechanisms vary depending on the target organ. This review explores the role of autophagy in the pathogenesis of T2DM, taking into account both genetic and external factors. It also provides a summary of reported chemical drugs and traditional Chinese medicine that target the autophagic pathway for the treatment of T2DM and its complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Zhao
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Lu-Yao Bie
- Tsinghua University-Peking University Joint Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Dao-Ran Pang
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Xiao Li
- Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Long-Fei Yang
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Dan-Dan Chen
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Yue-Rui Wang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Yan Gao
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
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Hu Y, Xu J, Wang J, Zhu L, Wang J, Zhang Q. DPP-4 Inhibitors Suppress Tau Phosphorylation and Promote Neuron Autophagy through the AMPK/mTOR Pathway to Ameliorate Cognitive Dysfunction in Diabetic Mellitus. ACS Chem Neurosci 2023; 14:3335-3346. [PMID: 37655714 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.2c00733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors have been considered as incretin-based agents that signal through GLP-1R. Our high-throughput RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) and bioinformatics methods indicated that GLP-1R, downregulated in diabetes mellitus (DM), was a potential target of DPP-4 inhibitors, which was further confirmed in DM rats. Thus, this study illuminated the alleviatory mechanism of DPP-4 on cognitive dysfunction in diabetes mellitus (DM), which may be associated with GLP-1R signaling. DM rats were administered with DPP-4 inhibitors, Chloroquine (an autophagy inhibitor), Exendin 9-39 (a GLP-1R antagonist), or Compound C (a specific inhibitor of AMPK). An in vitro model of DM was induced in rat hippocampal neuronal cell line H19-7 by exposure to high glucose (HG) and high fat (HF), followed by treatment with the above inhibitors and antagonists. It was found that cognitive dysfunction was promoted, and LC3 expression was lowered in DM rats by an autophagy inhibitor. The DPP-4 inhibitors decreased cognitive dysfunction, repressed Tau phosphorylation, and enhanced GLP-1R protein level, LC3 expression, and AMPK and mTOR phosphorylation in DM rats, while GLP-1R antagonist, an autophagy inhibitor, or AMPK inhibitor counteracted these effects. Such effects were also observed in HG/HF-induced neurons. In conclusion, our data elucidated the alleviatory mechanism of DPP-4 inhibitors in the cognitive dysfunction of DM rats via the AMPK/mTOR pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Hu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, P. R. China
- Jiangxi Clinical Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Disease, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, P. R. China
- Jiangxi Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Disease, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, P. R. China
| | - Jixiong Xu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, P. R. China
- Jiangxi Clinical Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Disease, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, P. R. China
- Jiangxi Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Disease, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, P. R. China
| | - Jiancheng Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, P. R. China
- Jiangxi Clinical Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Disease, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, P. R. China
- Jiangxi Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Disease, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, P. R. China
| | - Lingyan Zhu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, P. R. China
- Jiangxi Clinical Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Disease, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, P. R. China
- Jiangxi Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Disease, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, P. R. China
| | - Jiao Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, P. R. China
- Jiangxi Clinical Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Disease, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, P. R. China
- Jiangxi Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Disease, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, P. R. China
| | - Qin Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Operative Medicine, Medical Center of Anesthesiology and Pain, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, P. R. China
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Zhang Y, Miao R, Ma K, Zhang Y, Fang X, Wei J, Yin R, Zhao J, Tian J. Effects and Mechanistic Role of Mulberry Leaves in Treating Diabetes and its Complications. Am J Chin Med 2023; 51:1711-1749. [PMID: 37646143 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x23500775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) has become a surge burden worldwide owing to its high prevalence and range of associated complications such as coronary artery disease, blindness, stroke, and renal failure. Accordingly, the treatment and management of DM have become a research hotspot. Mulberry leaves (Morus alba L.) have been used in Traditional Chinese Medicine for a long time, with the first record of its use published in Shennong Bencao Jing (Shennong's Classic of Materia Medica). Mulberry leaves (MLs) are considered highly valuable medicinal food homologs that contain polysaccharides, flavonoids, alkaloids, and other bioactive substances. Modern pharmacological studies have shown that MLs have multiple bioactive effects, including hypolipidemic, hypoglycemic, antioxidation, and anti-inflammatory properties, with the ability to protect islet [Formula: see text]-cells, alleviate insulin resistance, and regulate intestinal flora. However, the pharmacological mechanisms of MLs in DM have not been fully elucidated. In this review, we summarize the botanical characterization, traditional use, chemical constituents, pharmacokinetics, and toxicology of MLs, and highlight the mechanisms involved in treating DM and its complications. This review can provide a valuable reference for the further development and utilization of MLs in the prevention and treatment of DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjiao Zhang
- Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, P. R. China
| | - Runyu Miao
- Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, P. R. China
- Graduate College, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
| | - Kaile Ma
- Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, P. R. China
| | - Yuxin Zhang
- Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, P. R. China
| | - Xinyi Fang
- Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, P. R. China
- Graduate College, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
| | - Jiahua Wei
- Graduate College, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, P. R. China
| | - Ruiyang Yin
- Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, P. R. China
| | - Jingxue Zhao
- Development Department, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, P. R. China
| | - Jiaxing Tian
- Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, P. R. China
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Zheng XX, Li DX, Li YT, Chen YL, Zhao YL, Ji S, Guo MZ, Du Y, Tang DQ. Mulberry leaf water extract alleviates type 2 diabetes in mice via modulating gut microbiota-host co-metabolism of branched-chain amino acid. Phytother Res 2023; 37:3195-3210. [PMID: 37013717 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
Elevations in circling branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) levels associated with insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Morus alba L. water extracts (MLE) show hypoglycemic function, but the precise mechanism remains obscure. This study is designed to investigate the association of the antidiabetes effect of MLE with the BCAAs co-metabolism modulated by host and gut microbiota. Tissue-specific expressions of BCAA-catabolizing enzymes were detected by RT-PCR and western blot, respectively. The components of the intestinal microflora were analyzed by high-throughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The results showed that MLE administration improved blood glucose and insulin level, decreased inflammatory cytokines expression, and lowered serum and feces BCAAs levels. Furthermore, MLE reversed the abundance changes of the bacterial genera correlated with serum and feces BCAAs, such as Anaerovorax, Bilophila, Blautia, Colidextribacter, Dubosiella, Intestinimonas, Lachnoclostridium, Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136, Oscillibacter, and Roseburia. Functionality prediction indicated that MLE potentially inhibited bacterial BCAAs biosynthesis, and promoted the tissue-specific expression of BCAAs catabolic enzyme. More importantly, MLE had obvious impacts on BCAA catabolism in germ-free-mimic T2DM mice. Those results indicated that MLE improving T2DM-related biochemical abnormalities is associated with not only gut microbiota modification but also the tissue-specific expression of BCAAs catabolic enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Xiao Zheng
- Department of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Municipal Hospital Affiliated to Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221116, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, China
| | - Ding-Xiang Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, China
| | - Ya-Ting Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, China
| | - Yu-Lang Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, China
| | - Yan-Lin Zhao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221204, China
| | - Shuai Ji
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, China
- Department of Pharmacy, Suining People's Hospital Affiliated to Xuzhou Medical University, Suining, 221202, China
| | - Meng-Zhe Guo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, China
- Department of Pharmacy, Suining People's Hospital Affiliated to Xuzhou Medical University, Suining, 221202, China
| | - Yan Du
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, China
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Dao-Quan Tang
- Department of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Municipal Hospital Affiliated to Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221116, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, China
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221204, China
- Department of Pharmacy, Suining People's Hospital Affiliated to Xuzhou Medical University, Suining, 221202, China
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Tang C, Bao T, Zhang Q, Qi H, Huang Y, Zhang B, Zhao L, Tong X. Clinical potential and mechanistic insights of mulberry (Morus alba L.) leaves in managing type 2 diabetes mellitus: Focusing on gut microbiota, inflammation, and metabolism. J Ethnopharmacol 2023; 306:116143. [PMID: 36632855 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Natural herbs are gradually gaining recognition for their efficacy and safety in preventing diabetes and improving quality of life. Morus alba L. is a plant widely grown in Asia and is a traditional Chinese herb with a long history of use. Furthermore, several parts of Morus alba L. have been found to have significant health benefits. In particular, mulberry (Morus alba L.) leaves (ML) have been shown in human and animal studies to be promising hypoglycemic agents that can reduce or prevent glucolipid metabolism disorders caused by imbalances in the gut microbiota, inflammation, and oxidative stress and have demonstrated significant improvements in glucose metabolism-related markers, effectively lowering blood glucose, and reducing hyperglycemia-induced target organ damage. AIM OF THE STUDY This review briefly summarizes the methods for obtaining ML's bioactive components, elaborates on the clinical potential of the relevant components in managing type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and focuses on the therapeutic mechanisms of gut microbiota, inflammation, oxidative stress, and metabolism, to provide more inspiration and directions for future research in the field of traditional natural plants for the management of T2DM and its complications. MATERIALS AND METHODS Research on ML and its bioactive components was mainly performed using electronic databases, including PubMed, Google Scholar, and ScienceNet, to ensure the review's quality. In addition, master's and doctoral theses and ancient documents were consulted. RESULTS In clinical studies, we found that ML could effectively reduce blood glucose, glycated hemoglobin, and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance in T2DM patients. Furthermore, many in vitro and in vivo experiments have found that ML is involved in various pathways that regulate glucolipid metabolism and resist diabetes while alleviating liver and kidney damage. CONCLUSIONS As a potential natural anti-diabetic phytomedicine, an in-depth study of ML can provide new ideas and valuable references for applying traditional Chinese medicine to treat T2DM. While continuously exploring its clinical efficacy and therapeutic mechanism, the extraction method should be optimized to improve the efficacy of the bioactive components. in addition, further research on the dose-response relationship of drugs to determine the effective dose range is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Tang
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117, China
| | - Tingting Bao
- Graduate College, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China; Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Guang' Anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qiqi Zhang
- Guang'anmen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Hongyu Qi
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117, China; Jilin Ginseng Academy, Key Laboratory of Active Substances and Biological Mechanisms of Ginseng Efficacy, Changchun, China; Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Bio-Macromolecules of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Yishan Huang
- Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Guang' Anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Boxun Zhang
- Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Guang' Anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Linhua Zhao
- Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Guang' Anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Xiaolin Tong
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117, China; Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Guang' Anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
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Chen S, Xi M, Gao F, Li M, Dong T, Geng Z, Liu C, Huang F, Wang J, Li X, Wei P, Miao F. Evaluation of mulberry leaves’ hypoglycemic properties and hypoglycemic mechanisms. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1045309. [PMID: 37089923 PMCID: PMC10117911 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1045309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The effectiveness of herbal medicine in treating diabetes has grown in recent years, but the precise mechanism by which it does so is still unclear to both medical professionals and diabetics. In traditional Chinese medicine, mulberry leaf is used to treat inflammation, colds, and antiviral illnesses. Mulberry leaves are one of the herbs with many medicinal applications, and as mulberry leaf study grows, there is mounting evidence that these leaves also have potent anti-diabetic properties. The direct role of mulberry leaf as a natural remedy in the treatment of diabetes has been proven in several studies and clinical trials. However, because mulberry leaf is a more potent remedy for diabetes, a deeper understanding of how it works is required. The bioactive compounds flavonoids, alkaloids, polysaccharides, polyphenols, volatile oils, sterols, amino acids, and a variety of inorganic trace elements and vitamins, among others, have been found to be abundant in mulberry leaves. Among these compounds, flavonoids, alkaloids, polysaccharides, and polyphenols have a stronger link to diabetes. Of course, trace minerals and vitamins also contribute to blood sugar regulation. Inhibiting alpha glucosidase activity in the intestine, regulating lipid metabolism in the body, protecting pancreatic -cells, lowering insulin resistance, accelerating glucose uptake by target tissues, and improving oxidative stress levels in the body are some of the main therapeutic properties mentioned above. These mechanisms can effectively regulate blood glucose levels. The therapeutic effects of the bioactive compounds found in mulberry leaves on diabetes mellitus and their associated molecular mechanisms are the main topics of this paper’s overview of the state of the art in mulberry leaf research for the treatment of diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sikai Chen
- Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China
| | - Miaomiao Xi
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China
- Xi’an TANK Medicinal Biology Institute, Xi’an, China
| | - Feng Gao
- Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China
| | - Min Li
- Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China
| | - TaiWei Dong
- Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China
| | - Zhixin Geng
- Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China
| | - Chunyu Liu
- Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China
| | - Fengyu Huang
- Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China
| | - Xingyu Li
- Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China
| | - Peifeng Wei
- Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China
- *Correspondence: Peifeng Wei, ; Feng Miao,
| | - Feng Miao
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China
- *Correspondence: Peifeng Wei, ; Feng Miao,
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12
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Chen J, Zhu G, Xiao W, Huang X, Wang K, Zong Y. Ginsenoside Rg1 Ameliorates Pancreatic Injuries via the AMPK/mTOR Pathway in vivo and in vitro. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2023; 16:779-794. [PMID: 36945297 PMCID: PMC10024876 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s401642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The main propanaxatriol-type saponin found in ginseng (Panax ginseng C. A. Mey), ginsenoside Rg1 (G-Rg1), has bioactivities that include anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-diabetic properties. This study aimed to investigate the effects of G-Rg1 on streptozotocin (STZ)-induced Type 1 Diabetes mellitus (T1DM) mice and the insulin-secreting cell line in RIN-m5F cells with high-glucose (HG) treatment. METHODS The STZ-induced DM mice model was treated with G-Rg1 alone or combined with 3-Methyladenine (3-MA, an autophagy inhibitor)/rapamycin (RAPA, an autophagy activator) for 8 weeks, and levels of glucose and lipid metabolism, histopathological changes, as well as autophagy and apoptosis of relevant markers were estimated. In vitro, the HG-induced RIN-m5F cells were treated with G-Rg1, 3-MA, and Compound C (CC), an AMPK inhibitor, or their combinations to estimate the influences on cell apoptosis, autophagy, and AMPK/mTOR pathway-associated target gene levels. RESULTS G-Rg1 treatment attenuated glucose and lipid metabolism disorder and pancreatic fibrosis in diabetic mice. In addition, subdued autophagy and p-AMPK protein expression, and enhanced p-mTOR protein expression and apoptosis levels in TIDM mice and HG-induced RIN-m5F cells were ameliorated by G-Rg1 treatment. Furthermore, these anti-apoptosis effects of G-Rg1 were partially abolished by 3-MA and CC. CONCLUSION Our findings revealed that G-Rg1 exhibits strong anti-apoptosis ability in pancreatic tissues of type 1 diabetic mice and HG-induced RIN-m5F cells, and the mechanisms involved in activating AMPK and inhibiting mTOR-mediated autophagy, indicating that G-Rg1 may have the therapeutic and preventive potential for treating pancreatic injury in diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Chen
- Department of Hematology, Yiwu Central Hospital, Yiwu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guoping Zhu
- Department of Radiology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenbo Xiao
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaosong Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kewu Wang
- Department of Radiology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Kewu Wang; Yi Zong, Department of Radiology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. N1, Shangcheng Avenue, Yiwu, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China, Email ;
| | - Yi Zong
- Department of Radiology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, People’s Republic of China
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Valderrama IH, Echeverry SM, Rey DP, Rodríguez IA, Silva FRMB, Costa GM, Ospina-Giraldo LF, Aragón DM. Extract of Calyces from Physalis peruviana Reduces Insulin Resistance and Oxidative Stress in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Mice. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14. [PMID: 36559252 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14122758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder mainly characterized by obesity, hyperglycemia, altered lipid profile, oxidative stress, and vascular compromise. Physalis peruviana is a plant used in traditional Colombian medicine for its known activities of glucose regulation. This study aimed to evaluate the anti-diabetic activity of the butanol fraction from an extract of Physalis peruviana calyces in two doses (50 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg) in induced type 2 diabetic mice. Blood glucose levels were evaluated once a week, demonstrating that a dose of 100 mg/kg resulted in greater regulation of blood glucose levels in mice throughout the experiment. The same overall result was found for the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and the homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA- IR). The lipid profile exhibited improvement compared to the non-treated group, a dose of 100 mg/kg having greater protection against oxidative stress (catalase, superoxide dismutase, and malondialdehyde levels). Histopathological findings in several tissues showed structure preservation in most of the animals treated. The butanol fraction from Physalis peruviana at 100 mg/kg showed beneficial results in improving hyperglycemia, lipidemia, and oxidative stress status, and can therefore be considered a beneficial coadjuvant in the therapy of diabetes mellitus.
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14
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Bai H, Jiang W, Yan R, Wang F, Jiao L, Duan L, Jia P, Xie Y, Wang S. Comparing the effects of three processing methods on the efficacy of mulberry leaf tea: analysis of bioactive compounds, bioavailability and bioactivity. Food Chem 2022; 405:134900. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.134900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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15
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Zhou QY, Liao X, Kuang H, Li J, Zhang S. LC-MS Metabolite Profiling and the Hypoglycemic Activity of Morus alba L. Extracts. Molecules 2022; 27:5360. [PMID: 36080128 PMCID: PMC9457631 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27175360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Morus alba L. is used in traditional Chinese medicine for its anti-diabetic activity; however, the part of the hypoglycemic activity and related active metabolites are still not fully clarified. In this study, the metabolites in the M. alba roots, leaves, twigs, and fruits extracts (70% ethanol extracts) were systematically identified, and their hypoglycemic activity was evaluated by the high-fat diet/streptozotocin-induced 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) mouse model. A total of 60 high-level compounds, including 16 polyphenols, 43 flavonoids, and one quinic acid, were identified by high-performance liquid chromatography/quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (HPLC-Q-TOF-MS) combined with the fragmentation pathways of standards and the self-established database. Among them, 23 metabolites were reported for the first time from this plant. In contrast to the extracts of M. alba leaves and fruits, the extracts of roots and twigs displayed significant hypoglycemic activity The glycemia was significantly reduced from 32.08 ± 1.27 to 20.88 ± 1.82 mmol/L and from 33.32 ± 1.98 to 24.74 ± 1.02 mmol/L, respectively, after 4 weeks of treatment with roots and twigs extracts. Compound 46 (morusin), which is a high-level component identified from the extracts of M. alba roots, also displayed significant activity in decreasing the blood glucose level of T2D mice reduced from 31.45 ± 1.23 to 23.45 ± 2.13 mmol/L. In addition, the extracts of roots and twigs displayed significant activity in reducing postprandial glycemia. This work marks the first comparison of the metabolites and hypoglycemic activity of M. alba roots, leaves, twigs, and fruits extracts, and provides a foundation for further development of M. alba extracts as anti-diabetic drugs.
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Takeuchi M, Sakasai-Sakai A, Takata T, Takino JI, Koriyama Y. Effects of Toxic AGEs (TAGE) on Human Health. Cells 2022; 11:cells11142178. [PMID: 35883620 PMCID: PMC9317028 DOI: 10.3390/cells11142178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The habitual and excessive consumption of sugar (i.e., sucrose and high-fructose corn syrup, HFCS) is associated with the onset and progression of lifestyle-related diseases (LSRD). Advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) have recently been the focus of research on the factors contributing to LSRD. Approaches that inhibit the effects of AGEs may be used to prevent and/or treat LSRD; however, since the structures of AGEs vary depending on the type of reducing sugars or carbonyl compounds to which they respond, difficulties are associated with verifying that AGEs are an etiological factor. Cytotoxic AGEs derived from glyceraldehyde, a triose intermediate in the metabolism of glucose and fructose, have been implicated in LSRD and are called toxic AGEs (TAGE). A dietary imbalance (the habitual and excessive intake of sucrose, HFCS, or dietary AGEs) promotes the generation/accumulation of TAGE in vivo. Elevated circulating levels of TAGE have been detected in non-diabetics and diabetics, indicating a strong relationship between the generation/accumulation of TAGE in vivo and the onset and progression of LSRD. We herein outline current findings on “TAGE as a new target” for human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masayoshi Takeuchi
- Department of Advanced Medicine, Medical Research Institute, Kanazawa Medical University, 1-1 Daigaku, Uchinada-machi, Kahoku 920-0293, Ishikawa, Japan;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-76-218-8456
| | - Akiko Sakasai-Sakai
- Department of Advanced Medicine, Medical Research Institute, Kanazawa Medical University, 1-1 Daigaku, Uchinada-machi, Kahoku 920-0293, Ishikawa, Japan;
| | - Takanobu Takata
- Department of Life Science, Medical Research Institute, Kanazawa Medical University, 1-1 Daigaku, Uchinada-machi, Kahoku 920-0293, Ishikawa, Japan;
| | - Jun-ichi Takino
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hiroshima International University, 5-1-1 Hirokoshingai, Kure 737-0112, Hiroshima, Japan;
| | - Yoshiki Koriyama
- Graduate School and Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Suzuka University of Medical Science, 3500-3 Minamitamagaki, Suzuka 513-8670, Mie, Japan;
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Yao Y, Wang S, Zhou R, Shang Y, Du K, He J, Li J, Ma L, Chang Y. A novel reverse migration micellar electrokinetic chromatography method for in‐capillary screening and quantifying of antioxidant components in Sanyetangzhiqing using 2,2′‐Azinobis‐(3‐ethylbenzthiazoline‐6‐sulphonate) as oxidation‐free radical. Electrophoresis 2022; 43:1148-1160. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.202100330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Revised: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yaqi Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Component‐Based Chinese Medicine Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Tianjin P. R. China
- School of Chinese Materia Medica Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Tianjin P. R. China
| | - Shanshan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Component‐Based Chinese Medicine Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Tianjin P. R. China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis Tianjin university of traditional Chinese medicine Tianjin P. R. China
| | - Rui Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Component‐Based Chinese Medicine Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Tianjin P. R. China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis Tianjin university of traditional Chinese medicine Tianjin P. R. China
| | - Ye Shang
- State Key Laboratory of Component‐Based Chinese Medicine Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Tianjin P. R. China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis Tianjin university of traditional Chinese medicine Tianjin P. R. China
| | - Kunze Du
- State Key Laboratory of Component‐Based Chinese Medicine Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Tianjin P. R. China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis Tianjin university of traditional Chinese medicine Tianjin P. R. China
| | - Jun He
- State Key Laboratory of Component‐Based Chinese Medicine Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Tianjin P. R. China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis Tianjin university of traditional Chinese medicine Tianjin P. R. China
- Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine Tianjin 301617 P. R. China
| | - Jin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Component‐Based Chinese Medicine Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Tianjin P. R. China
| | - Lin Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Component‐Based Chinese Medicine Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Tianjin P. R. China
- School of Chinese Materia Medica Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Tianjin P. R. China
| | - Yanxu Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Component‐Based Chinese Medicine Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Tianjin P. R. China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis Tianjin university of traditional Chinese medicine Tianjin P. R. China
- Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine Tianjin 301617 P. R. China
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Du Y, Li DX, Lu DY, Zhang R, Zhong QQ, Zhao YL, Zheng XX, Ji S, Wang L, Tang DQ. Amelioration of lipid accumulations and metabolism disorders in differentiation and development of 3T3-L1 adipocytes through mulberry leaf water extract. Phytomedicine 2022; 98:153959. [PMID: 35134622 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.153959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is a worldwide problem that resulted from the excessive fat accumulation in adipose tissue, leading to the impairment of individual health. Mulberry leaf is an important traditional Chinese medicine and has been used to alleviate obesity for a long term. However, its underlying molecular mechanisms have not been fully elucidated yet. PURPOSE In this study, we aimed to investigate the inhibition effects of mulberry leaf water extract (MLWE) on lipid accumulation during the process of differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes and development of mature adipocytes through the combination of molecular biology assays and metabolomic analysis. METHODS The quality consistency and main chemical ingredients of MLWE were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography and liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), respectively. Oil red O staining was used to mirror lipid accumulation. Lipogenesis-, lipolysis- and inflammation-related genes were evaluated by real-time PCR and western blot, respectively. Untargeted metabolomics were performed by LC-MS/MS. RESULTS Prepared method and quality of MLWE were stable and reliable. A total of 34 compounds were identified and 14 of them were undoubtedly confirmed. MLWE supplementation could dose-dependently inhibit the aggregation of lipid droplets, and the expressions of sterol regulatory element-binding protein (SREBP)-1c, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) γ, acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC), fatty acid synthase (FAS), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-6, and increase the expressions of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK), hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) and IL-10 in the differentiation of preadipocytes. Furthermore, MLWE treatment could dose-dependently decrease the level of triglycerides and the expressions of ACC, FAS, TNF-α, and IL-6, and up-regulate the level of glycerol and the expressions of PPARα, adiponectin (ADPN), adiponectin receptor (AdipoR) 1, AdipoR2, AMPK, HSL, and IL-10 in the development of mature adipocytes. Untargeted metabolomics showed that a total of 5 and 18 differential metabolites were reversed by MLWE intervention in the differentiation of preadipocytes and the development of mature adipocytes, respectively, which involved in the biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids, arachidonic acid metabolism and glycerophospholipids metabolism. CONCLUSION Taken together, this study firstly verified that MLWE could effectively alleviate lipid accumulation and inflammation by regulating ADPN/AMPK-mediated signaling pathways and relevant metabolic disturbances including biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids, arachidonic acid metabolism and glycerophospholipids metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Du
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China
| | - Ding-Xiang Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China
| | - Dong-Yu Lu
- Department of Pharmacy, Suining People's Hospital Affiliated to Xuzhou Medical University, Suining 221202, China
| | - Ran Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China
| | - Qiao-Qiao Zhong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China
| | - Yan-Lin Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, Suining People's Hospital Affiliated to Xuzhou Medical University, Suining 221202, China
| | - Xiao-Xiao Zheng
- Department of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Municipal Hospital Affiliated to Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221002, China
| | - Shuai Ji
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China; Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221204, China
| | - Liang Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China; Department of Bioinformatics, School of Medical Informatics and Engineering, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 2212004, China
| | - Dao-Quan Tang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China; Department of Pharmacy, Suining People's Hospital Affiliated to Xuzhou Medical University, Suining 221202, China; Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221204, China.
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Zhao L, Chen X, Shao X, Wang Z, Du Y, Zhu C, Du W, Tang D, Ji S. Prenylated phenolic compounds from licorice ( Glycyrrhiza uralensis) and their anti-inflammatory activity against osteoarthritis. Food Funct 2022; 13:795-805. [PMID: 34984422 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo03659a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis is a significant driver of disability in the elderly with increasing prevalence, and inflammation plays a vital role on its etiology. Licorice is commonly used as a traditional Chinese medicine or food additive, and its prenylated phenolic compounds were recently reported to be able to inhibit osteoarthritis with anti-inflammatory activity. In order to explore more anti-osteoarthritic prenylated phenolic compounds from licorice, we isolated ten compounds (1-10), with three new ones (1-3), from the ethyl acetate extract of Glycyrrhiza uralensis. Compound 2 (glycyuralin R) was a racemic 3-phenoxy-chromanone, and we achieved its chiral separation for the first time. Compounds 1, 2, 7 and 8 showed significant NO inhibitory ability in IL-1β-stimulated mouse primary chondrocytes, and we further confirmed the anti-inflammatory activity of 1 (glycyuralin Q) by evaluating its effect on osteoarthritis-related iNOS, COX-2, TNF-α, IL-6, MMP3, MMP13 and NF-κB based on various experimental methods. These results clarified the potential of several prenylated phenolic compounds, especially 1 in licorice, as the lead compounds for osteoarthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Zhao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China.
| | - Xiaofei Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China.
| | - Xian Shao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China.
| | - Ziyu Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China.
| | - Yan Du
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China.
| | - Cuicui Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China.
| | - Wei Du
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China.
| | - Daoquan Tang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China.
| | - Shuai Ji
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China.
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Takata T, Sakasai-Sakai A, Takeuchi M. Intracellular Toxic Advanced Glycation End-Products in 1.4E7 Cell Line Induce Death with Reduction of Microtubule-Associated Protein 1 Light Chain 3 and p62. Nutrients 2022; 14:332. [PMID: 35057513 DOI: 10.3390/nu14020332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The death of pancreatic islet β-cells (β-cells), which are the insulin-producing cells, promote the pathology in both Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) (T1DM and T2DM), and they are protected by autophagy which is one of the mechanisms of cell survival. Recently, that some advanced glycation end-products (AGEs), such as methylglyoxial-derived AGEs and Nε-carboxymethyllysine, induced the death of β-cells were revealed. In contrast, we had reported AGEs derived from glyceraldehyde (GA, the metabolism intermediate of glucose and fructose) are considered to be toxic AGEs (TAGE) due to their cytotoxicity and role in the pathogenesis of T2DM. More, serum levels of TAGE are elevated in patients with T1 and T2DM, where they exert cytotoxicity. Aim: We researched the cytotoxicity of intracellular and extracellular TAGE in β-cells and the possibility that intracellular TAGE were associated with autophagy. Methods: 1.4E7 cells (a human β-cell line) were treated with GA, and analyzed viability, quantity of TAGE, microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3)-I, LC3-II, and p62. We also examined the viability of 1.4E7 cells treated with TAGE-modified bovine serum albumin, a model of TAGE in the blood. Results: Intracellular TAGE induced death of 1.4E7 cells, decrease of LC3-I, LC3-II, and p62. Extracellular TAGE didn’t show cytotoxicity in the physiological concentration. Conclusion: Intracellular TAGE induced death of β-cells more strongly than extracellular TAGE, and may suppress autophagy via reduction of LC3-I, LC3-II, and p62 to inhibit the degradation of them.
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Gao Y, Nan Z. Mechanistic insights into the use of rhubarb in diabetic kidney disease treatment using network pharmacology. Medicine (Baltimore) 2022; 101:e28465. [PMID: 35029893 PMCID: PMC8735741 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000028465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we predicted the core active compounds of rhubarb used in the treatment of diabetic kidney disease (DKD) and the related core gene targets and pathways using network pharmacological approaches.The Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform was used to identify active compounds of rhubarb. PharmMapper was used to predict the gene targets of active compounds, which were subsequently provided a standard nomenclature using the UniProt database. In addition, DKD-related target genes were predicted using GeneCards, Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man, and Therapeutic Target Database. The genes that were targeted both by rhubarb active compounds and implicated in DKD (hereafter referred to as overlapping target genes) were identified using Venny 2.1. A drug-target-disease network diagram was obtained using Cytoscape and a protein-protein interaction network diagram was constructed using the STRING database. Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analyses of overlapping target proteins were performed using the Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery Bioinformatics Resources 6.8.Eighteen core active compounds of rhubarb were extracted, and 136 target genes of rhubarb were identified. Some of the active compounds revealed by the network pharmacological analysis were catechin, aloe-emodin, rhein, and emodin; certain core target proteins suggested by the protein-protein interaction network analysis were AKT1, PIK3R1, and SRC. The overlapping target genes were primarily involved in apoptosis and proteolysis, with the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway identified as significantly enriched.Network pharmacological strategies were used to identify core active compounds of rhubarb and their related pathways. We believe that our study will provide potential and effective novel targets to identify active compounds of rhubarb for treating DKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingyuan Gao
- Internal medicine of traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Zheng Nan
- Internal medicine of traditional Chinese Medicine, Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Jilin Province, Changchun, China
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22
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Zhang Y, Aisker G, Dong H, Halemahebai G, Zhang Y, Tian L. Urolithin A suppresses glucolipotoxicity-induced ER stress and TXNIP/NLRP3/IL-1β inflammation signal in pancreatic β cells by regulating AMPK and autophagy. Phytomedicine 2021; 93:153741. [PMID: 34656886 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2021.153741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Revised: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pancreatic inflammation plays a key role in diabetes pathogenesis and progression. Urolithin A (UA), an intestinal flora metabolite of pomegranate, has anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory and kidney protection effects among others. However, its effects on pancreatic inflammation and the potential mechanisms have not been clearly established. PURPOSE This study aimed at investigating the molecular mechanisms of UA anti-pancreatic inflammation under a diabetic environment. METHODS Diabetes induction in male C57BL/6 mice was achieved by a high fat diet and intraperitoneal streptozotocin injections. Then, diabetic mice were orally administered with UA for 8 weeks. In vitro, endoplasmic reticulum stress and MIN6 pancreatic β cell inflammation were induced using 25 mM glucose and 0.5 mM palmitic acid. The effects of UA were evaluated by immunohistochemistry, Western blot, and enzyme linked immunosorbent assays. Finally, the underlying mechanisms were elucidated using an autophagy inhibitor (chloroquine, CQ) and an AMPK inhibitor (dorsomorphin dihydrochloride). RESULTS UA significantly inhibited IL-1β secretion and TXNIP/NLRP3 expression in the pancreas of diabetic mice and in MIN6 pancreatic cells. UA downregulated the ER stress protein, p-PERK, and promoted AMPK phosphorylation. UA activated autophagy to inhibit TXNIP/NLRP3 IL-1β inflammatory signal, an effect that was reversed by CQ. Dorsomorphin 2HCL, reversed the autophagy-activation and anti-inflammatory effects of UA. Verapamil, clinically applied as an antiarrhythmic drug, is a TXNIP inhibitor for prevention of beta cell loss and diabetes development, but limited by its cardiac toxicity. In this study, verapamil (as positive control) inhibited NLRP3 /IL-1β signaling in MIN6 cells. Inhibitory effects of UA on TXNIP and IL-1β were weaker than those of verapamil (both at 50 μM, p < 0.05, p < 0.01). Conversely, inhibitory effects of UA on p62 were stronger, relative to those of verapamil (p < 0.05), and there were no differences in AMPK activation and LC3 enhancement effects between UA and verapamil. CONCLUSION UA is a potential anti-pancreatic inflammation agent that activates AMPK and autophagy to inhibit endoplasmic reticulum stress associated TXNIP/NLRP3/IL-1β signal pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- YanZhi Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830011, China.
| | - Gulimila Aisker
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830011, China
| | - Huaiyang Dong
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830011, China
| | - Gulihaixia Halemahebai
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830011, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Xinjiang Military General Hospital, Urumqi, China
| | - Linai Tian
- Third Clinical College, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
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Morales Ramos JG, Esteves Pairazamán AT, Mocarro Willis MES, Collantes Santisteban S, Caldas Herrera E. Medicinal properties of Morus alba for the control of type 2 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review. F1000Res 2021; 10:1022. [PMID: 34912543 PMCID: PMC8593624 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.55573.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The objective of this review was to evaluate the medicinal potential of Morus alba leaves on the control of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2). The research question was: what is the therapeutic potential of Morus alba leaves for the control of DM2? Methods: This systematic review was based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. The included studies were extracted from Scopus, Pubmed, ScienceDirect, Scielo, and Google Scholar; January 2015 to July 2021. Key search terms were MeSH and DeCS: Morus alba, mulberry, hypoglycemic agent. The inclusion criteria were: studies in rats administered Morus alba leaf extracts; studies that included the dimensions of lipidemia and glycemia; studies that included indicators such as fasting glucose, postprandial glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin, triglycerides, low-density lipoproteins, total cholesterol, and insulin resistance. Exclusion criteria: studies in which Morus alba leaves were administered with other plants; studies with other parts of the Morus alba plant; proteomic studies, cancer, duplicate studies, in vitro studies, and evaluation of included studies. All included investigations were evaluated for biases. Results: Of 253 studies found, 29 were included. The extracts of Morus alba leaves at the phytochemical level improve glucose uptake. Chlorogenic acid, isoquercitrin, and quercitrin, present in the leaves of Morus alba, have hypoglycemic properties and an ameliorating effect on diabetic nephropathy. This leaf has pharmacological effects such as glucose absorption, insulin secretion production, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent, antihyperglycemic and antihyperlipidemic activities, and obesity management. Conclusions:Morus alba leaves have pharmacological effects on DM2 that include glucose absorption, production of insulin secretion, antioxidant agent, antihyperglycemic and antihyperlipidemic activities, and obesity control. Beyond these results, there is a lack of studies on the potential and synergistic effects of Morus alba leaves' components, limiting the possibility of a more effective therapy using the plant's leaves.
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Sun J, Ren J, Hu X, Hou Y, Yang Y. Therapeutic effects of Chinese herbal medicines and their extracts on diabetes. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 142:111977. [PMID: 34364042 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
With the improvement of people's living standards and changes in the environment, the incidence of diabetes has increased rapidly. It has gradually become one of the main diseases threatening the health and life of modern people, bringing a great burden to the society. Although the existing treatment methods can effectively control the symptoms of diabetes and delay its progression, they have not brought satisfactory improvement in the quality of life and treatment of patients. Traditional Chinese herbal medicines and their extracts combine thousands of years of experience and the scientific basis provided by modern experimental research, which is expected to bring a qualitative leap in the clinical management of diabetes. Therefore, this article systematically reviews studies on the effects of Chinese herbal medicine and its extracts on diabetes and its complications, and aims to bring new ideas and options for the clinical treatment of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Sun
- Department of Diabetes, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730030, Gansu, China
| | - Jiangong Ren
- Department of Diabetes, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730030, Gansu, China
| | - Xuejian Hu
- Department of Diabetes, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730030, Gansu, China
| | - Yuanhua Hou
- Department of Diabetes, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730030, Gansu, China
| | - Yan Yang
- Department of Diabetes, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730030, Gansu, China.
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