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Bai M, Dai J, Li C, Cui H, Lin L. Antibacterial and antibiofilm performance of low-frequency ultrasound against Escherichia coli O157:H7 and its application in fresh produce. Int J Food Microbiol 2023; 400:110266. [PMID: 37263173 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2023.110266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Ultrasound technology has been focused on due to its unique advantages in biofilm removal compared with traditional antibacterial methods. Herein, the anti-biofilm properties of low-frequency ultrasound (LFUS) were studied against Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157: H7 (E. coli O157:H7). After ultrasonication (20 kHz, 300 W) for 5 min, the removal rate of biofilm from polystyrene sheets reached up to 99.999 %. However, the bacterial cells could not be inactivated completely even extending the duration of ultrasonic irradiation to 30 min. Fortunately, this study indicated that LFUS could efficiently weaken the metabolic capacity and biofilm-forming ability of bacterial cells separated from biofilm. It could be associated with the removal of cell surface appendages and damage to cell membrane induced by mechanical vibration and acoustic cavitation. Besides, the genetic analysis proved that the transcription level of genes involved in curli formation was significantly down-regulated during ultrasonic irradiation, thus impeding the process of irreversible adhesion and cells aggregation. Finally, the actual application effect of LFUS was also evaluated in different fresh produces model. The results of this study would provide a theoretical basis for the further application of ultrasound in the food preservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Bai
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Jinming Dai
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Changzhu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Utilization of Woody Oil Resource, Hunan Academy of Forestry, Changsha 410007, China
| | - Haiying Cui
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China.
| | - Lin Lin
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; State Key Laboratory of Utilization of Woody Oil Resource, Hunan Academy of Forestry, Changsha 410007, China.
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2
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Zhou H, Yu L, Liu S, Zhu A, Yang Y, Chen C, Yang A, Liu L, Yu F. Transcriptome comparison analyses in UV-B induced AsA accumulation of Lactuca sativa L. BMC Genomics 2023; 24:61. [PMID: 36737693 PMCID: PMC9896689 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-023-09133-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) cultivated in facilities display low vitamin C (L-ascorbic acid (AsA)) contents which require augmentation. Although UV-B irradiation increases the accumulation of AsA in crops, processes underlying the biosynthesis as well as metabolism of AsA induced by UV-B in lettuce remain unclear. RESULTS UV-B treatment increased the AsA content in lettuce, compared with that in the untreated control. UV-B treatment significantly increased AsA accumulation in a dose-dependent manner up until a certain dose.. Based on optimization experiments, three UV-B dose treatments, no UV-B (C), medium dose 7.2 KJ·m- 2·d- 1 (U1), and high dose 12.96 KJ·m- 2·d- 1 (U2), were selected for transcriptome sequencing (RNA-Seq) in this study. The results showed that C and U1 clustered in one category while U2 clustered in another, suggesting that the effect exerted on AsA by UV-B was dose dependent. MIOX gene in the myo-inositol pathway and APX gene in the recycling pathway in U2 were significantly different from the other two treatments, which was consistent with AsA changes seen in the three treatments, indicating that AsA accumulation caused by UV-B may be associated with these two genes in lettuce. UVR8 and HY5 were not significantly different expressed under UV-B irradiation, however, the genes involved in plant growth hormones and defence hormones significantly decreased and increased in U2, respectively, suggesting that high UV-B dose may regulate photomorphogenesis and response to stress via hormone regulatory pathways, although such regulation was independent of the UVR8 pathway. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrated that studying the application of UV-B irradiation may enhance our understanding of the response of plant growth and AsA metabolism-related genes to UV-B stress, with particular reference to lettuce.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Zhou
- The Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Genetic and Improvement of Jiangxi Province, Institute of Biological Resources, Jiangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanchang, China
| | - Lei Yu
- The Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Genetic and Improvement of Jiangxi Province, Institute of Biological Resources, Jiangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanchang, China
- College of Forestry, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - Shujuan Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Genetic and Improvement of Jiangxi Province, Institute of Biological Resources, Jiangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanchang, China
| | - Anfan Zhu
- Jiangxi Agricultural Technology Extension Center, Nanchang, 330046, China
| | - Yanfang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of State Forestry Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Caihui Chen
- The Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Genetic and Improvement of Jiangxi Province, Institute of Biological Resources, Jiangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanchang, China
| | - Aihong Yang
- The Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Genetic and Improvement of Jiangxi Province, Institute of Biological Resources, Jiangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanchang, China
| | - Lipan Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Genetic and Improvement of Jiangxi Province, Institute of Biological Resources, Jiangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanchang, China
| | - Faxin Yu
- The Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Genetic and Improvement of Jiangxi Province, Institute of Biological Resources, Jiangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanchang, China.
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3
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Han R, Lavelle D, Truco MJ, Michelmore R. Quantitative Trait Loci and Candidate Genes Associated with Photoperiod Sensitivity in Lettuce (Lactuca spp.). Theor Appl Genet 2021; 134:3473-3487. [PMID: 34245320 PMCID: PMC8440299 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-021-03908-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE A population of lettuce that segregated for photoperiod sensitivity was planted under long-day and short-day conditions. Genetic mapping revealed two distinct sets of QTLs controlling daylength-independent and photoperiod-sensitive flowering time. The molecular mechanism of flowering time regulation in lettuce is of interest to both geneticists and breeders because of the extensive impact of this trait on agricultural production. Lettuce is a facultative long-day plant which changes in flowering time in response to photoperiod. Variations exist in both flowering time and the degree of photoperiod sensitivity among accessions of wild (Lactuca serriola) and cultivated (L. sativa) lettuce. An F6 population of 236 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) was previously developed from a cross between a late-flowering, photoperiod-sensitive L. serriola accession and an early-flowering, photoperiod-insensitive L. sativa accession. This population was planted under long-day (LD) and short-day (SD) conditions in a total of four field and screenhouse trials; the developmental phenotype was scored weekly in each trial. Using genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) data of the RILs, quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping revealed five flowering time QTLs that together explained more than 20% of the variation in flowering time under LD conditions. Using two independent statistical models to extract the photoperiod sensitivity phenotype from the LD and SD flowering time data, we identified an additional five QTLs that together explained more than 30% of the variation in photoperiod sensitivity in the population. Orthology and sequence analysis of genes within the nine QTLs revealed potential functional equivalents in the lettuce genome to the key regulators of flowering time and photoperiodism, FD and CONSTANS, respectively, in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongkui Han
- The Plant Biology Graduate Group, University of California, Davis, 95616, USA
- The Genome Center, University of California, Davis, 95616, USA
| | - Dean Lavelle
- The Genome Center, University of California, Davis, 95616, USA
| | | | - Richard Michelmore
- The Genome Center, University of California, Davis, 95616, USA.
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, 95616, USA.
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Sng BJR, Mun B, Mohanty B, Kim M, Phua ZW, Yang H, Lee DY, Jang IC. Combination of red and blue light induces anthocyanin and other secondary metabolite biosynthesis pathways in an age-dependent manner in Batavia lettuce. Plant Sci 2021; 310:110977. [PMID: 34315593 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2021.110977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Lettuce is commonly consumed around the world, spurring the cultivation of green- and red-leaf varieties in indoor farms. One common consideration for indoor cultivation is the light wavelengths/spectrum, which is an important factor for regulating growth, development, and the accumulation of metabolites. Here, we show that Batavia lettuce (Lactuca sativa cv. "Batavia") grown under a combination of red (R) and blue (B) light (RB, R:B = 3:1) displayed better growth and accumulated more anthocyanin than lettuce grown under fluorescent light (FL). Anthocyanin concentration was also higher in mature stage than early stage lettuce. By performing a comparative transcriptome analysis of early and mature stage lettuce grown under RB or FL (RB or FL-lettuce), we found that RB induced the expression of genes related to oxidation-reduction reaction and secondary metabolite biosynthesis. Furthermore, plant age affected the transcriptome response to RB, as mature RB-lettuce had six times more differentially expressed genes than early RB-lettuce. Also, genes related to the accumulation of secondary metabolites such as flavonoids and anthocyanins were more induced in mature RB-lettuce. A detailed analysis of the anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway revealed key genes that were up-regulated in mature RB-lettuce. Concurrently, branching pathways for flavonol and lignin precursors were down-regulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benny Jian Rong Sng
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, 1 Research Link, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117604, Singapore; Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Bonggyu Mun
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, 1 Research Link, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117604, Singapore
| | - Bijayalaxmi Mohanty
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, 1 Research Link, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117604, Singapore
| | - Mijung Kim
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, 1 Research Link, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117604, Singapore
| | - Zhi Wei Phua
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117583, Singapore
| | - Hyunsoo Yang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117583, Singapore
| | - Dong-Yup Lee
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066, Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Cheol Jang
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, 1 Research Link, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117604, Singapore; Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117543, Singapore.
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5
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He R, Zhang Y, Song S, Su W, Hao Y, Liu H. UV-A and FR irradiation improves growth and nutritional properties of lettuce grown in an artificial light plant factory. Food Chem 2021; 345:128727. [PMID: 33307433 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.128727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 11/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the individual and combined effects of ultraviolet A (UV-A) and far-red (FR) light irradiation on the biomass, phytochemical accumulation, and antioxidant capacity of two lettuce cultivars in an artificial light plant factory. UV-A supplementation yielded a smaller leaf area and reduced biomass and nitrate content. In contrast, it improved the chlorophyll, soluble protein, soluble sugar, vitamin C, flavonoid, polyphenol, and anthocyanin contents and the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical-scavenging rate. FR irradiation resulted in a larger leaf area, whereas the lettuce biomass remained unchanged. Irradiation with both UV-A and FR light exhibited the most remarkable effect on leaf expansion and biomass, but reduced the phytochemical contents. A significant interaction between the cultivar and supplemented light was observed for most plant parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui He
- College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| | - Yiting Zhang
- College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| | - Shiwei Song
- College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| | - Wei Su
- College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| | - Yanwei Hao
- College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| | - Houcheng Liu
- College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
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6
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Kim T, Samraj S, Jiménez J, Gómez C, Liu T, Begcy K. Genome-wide identification of heat shock factors and heat shock proteins in response to UV and high intensity light stress in lettuce. BMC Plant Biol 2021; 21:185. [PMID: 33865315 PMCID: PMC8053295 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-021-02959-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2021] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heat shock factors (Hsfs) and Heat shock proteins (Hsps) belong to an essential group of molecular regulators involved in controlling cellular processes under normal and stress conditions. The role of Hsfs and Hsps is well known in model plant species under diverse stress conditions. While plants Hsfs are vital components of the signal transduction response to maintain cellular homeostasis, Hsps function as chaperones helping to maintain folding of damaged and newly formed proteins during stress conditions. In lettuce (Lactuca sativa), a highly consumed vegetable crop grown in the field and in hydroponic systems, the role of these gene families in response to artificial light is not well characterized. RESULTS Using a genome-wide analysis approach, we identified 32 Hsfs and 22 small heat shock proteins (LsHsps) in lettuce, some of which do not have orthologs in Arabidopsis, poplar, and rice. LsHsp60s, LsHsp90s, and LsHsp100s are highly conserved among dicot and monocot species. Surprisingly, LsHsp70s have three times more members than Arabidopsis and two times more than rice. Interestingly, the lettuce genome triplication did not contribute to the increased number of LsHsp70s genes. The large number of LsHsp70s was the result of genome tandem duplication. Chromosomal distribution analysis shows larger tandem repeats of LsHsp70s genes in Chr1, Chr7, Chr8, and Chr9. At the transcriptional level, some genes of the LsHsfs, LsHsps, LsHsp60s, and LsHsp70s families were highly responsive to UV and high intensity light stress, in contrast to LsHsp90s and LsHsp100s which did not respond to a light stimulus. CONCLUSIONS Our genome-wide analysis provides a detailed identification of Hsfs and Hsps in lettuce. Chromosomal location and syntenic region analysis together with our transcriptional analysis under different light conditions provide candidate genes for breeding programs aiming to produce lettuce varieties able to grow healthy under hydroponic systems that use artificial light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taehoon Kim
- University of Florida, Environmental Horticulture Department, Gainesville, Florida, 32611, USA
| | - Shafina Samraj
- University of Florida, Environmental Horticulture Department, Gainesville, Florida, 32611, USA
| | - Juan Jiménez
- University of Florida, Environmental Horticulture Department, Gainesville, Florida, 32611, USA
| | - Celina Gómez
- University of Florida, Environmental Horticulture Department, Gainesville, Florida, 32611, USA
| | - Tie Liu
- University of Florida, Horticultural Science Department, Gainesville, Florida, 32611, USA
| | - Kevin Begcy
- University of Florida, Environmental Horticulture Department, Gainesville, Florida, 32611, USA.
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7
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Yao Y, Sun Y, Cui B, Fu H, Chen X, Wang Y. Radio frequency energy inactivates peroxidase in stem lettuce at different heating rates and associate changes in physiochemical properties and cell morphology. Food Chem 2021; 342:128360. [PMID: 33127230 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.128360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Radio frequency (RF) is an emerging technology applied in blanching treatment as alternative to conventional treatment. This study aimed to investigate the effects of RF heating rate on peroxidase (POD) inactivating efficiency, physiochemical properties (texture, color and vitamin C) and cell structure of stem lettuce. POD enzyme inactivation efficiency increased with increased RF heating rate. When POD activity was reduced to <5%, better physiochemical properties and less cell damage occurred in RF heating compared with conventional hot water (HW) blanching (HWB); Relative electrolyte leakage (REL) analysis and microscopic observation suggested that the loss of integrity of cell walls and membranes, the decrease in turgor pressure and the weakened connections between adjacent cells leaded to the deterioration of physiochemical properties. The degrees of cell destruction varied with RF heating rates, which provide a new idea for RF blanching for producing different types of fruits and vegetables products (Solid and juice products).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yishun Yao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Yanan Sun
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Baozhong Cui
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Hongfei Fu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Xiangwei Chen
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Yunyang Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
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8
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Parrish CH, Hebert D, Jackson A, Ramasamy K, McDaniel H, Giacomelli GA, Bergren MR. Optimizing spectral quality with quantum dots to enhance crop yield in controlled environments. Commun Biol 2021; 4:124. [PMID: 33504914 PMCID: PMC7840809 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-020-01646-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Bioregenerative life-support systems (BLSS) involving plants will be required to realize self-sustaining human settlements beyond Earth. To improve plant productivity in BLSS, the quality of the solar spectrum can be modified by lightweight, luminescent films. CuInS2/ZnS quantum dot (QD) films were used to down-convert ultraviolet/blue photons to red emissions centered at 600 and 660 nm, resulting in increased biomass accumulation in red romaine lettuce. All plant growth parameters, except for spectral quality, were uniform across three production environments. Lettuce grown under the 600 and 660 nm-emitting QD films respectively increased edible dry mass (13 and 9%), edible fresh mass (11% each), and total leaf area (8 and 13%) compared with under a control film containing no QDs. Spectral modifications by the luminescent QD films improved photosynthetic efficiency in lettuce and could enhance productivity in greenhouses on Earth, or in space where, further conversion is expected from greater availability of ultraviolet photons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles H Parrish
- Controlled Environment Agriculture Center, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85719, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Gene A Giacomelli
- Controlled Environment Agriculture Center, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85719, USA.
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9
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Miras-Moreno B, Corrado G, Zhang L, Senizza B, Righetti L, Bruni R, El-Nakhel C, Sifola MI, Pannico A, Pascale SD, Rouphael Y, Lucini L. The Metabolic Reprogramming Induced by Sub-Optimal Nutritional and Light Inputs in Soilless Cultivated Green and Red Butterhead Lettuce. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E6381. [PMID: 32887471 PMCID: PMC7503926 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21176381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 08/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Sub-optimal growing conditions have a major effect on plants; therefore, large efforts are devoted to maximizing the availability of agricultural inputs to crops. To increase the sustainable use of non-renewable inputs, attention is currently given to the study of plants under non-optimal conditions. In this work, we investigated the impact of sub-optimal macrocations availability and light intensity in two lettuce varieties that differ for the accumulation of secondary metabolites (i.e., 'Red Salanova' and 'Green Salanova'). Photosynthesis-related measurements and untargeted metabolomics were used to identify responses and pathways involved in stress resilience. The pigmented ('Red') and the non-pigmented ('Green Salanova') lettuce exhibited distinctive responses to sub-optimal conditions. The cultivar specific metabolomic signatures comprised a broad modulation of metabolism, including secondary metabolites, phytohormones, and membrane lipids signaling cascade. Several stress-related metabolites were altered by either treatment, including polyamines (and other nitrogen-containing compounds), phenylpropanoids, and lipids. The metabolomics and physiological response to macrocations availability and light intensity also implies that the effects of low-input sustainable farming systems should be evaluated considering a range of cultivar-specific positive and disadvantageous metabolic effects in addition to yield and other socio-economic parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Begoña Miras-Moreno
- Department for Sustainable Food Process, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 29122 Piacenza, Italy; (B.M.-M.); (L.Z.); (B.S.); (L.L.)
| | - Giandomenico Corrado
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80055 Portici, Italy; (C.E.-N.); (M.I.S.); (A.P.); (S.D.P.); (Y.R.)
| | - Leilei Zhang
- Department for Sustainable Food Process, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 29122 Piacenza, Italy; (B.M.-M.); (L.Z.); (B.S.); (L.L.)
| | - Biancamaria Senizza
- Department for Sustainable Food Process, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 29122 Piacenza, Italy; (B.M.-M.); (L.Z.); (B.S.); (L.L.)
| | - Laura Righetti
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy; (L.R.); (R.B.)
| | - Renato Bruni
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy; (L.R.); (R.B.)
| | - Christophe El-Nakhel
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80055 Portici, Italy; (C.E.-N.); (M.I.S.); (A.P.); (S.D.P.); (Y.R.)
| | - Maria Isabella Sifola
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80055 Portici, Italy; (C.E.-N.); (M.I.S.); (A.P.); (S.D.P.); (Y.R.)
| | - Antonio Pannico
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80055 Portici, Italy; (C.E.-N.); (M.I.S.); (A.P.); (S.D.P.); (Y.R.)
| | - Stefania De Pascale
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80055 Portici, Italy; (C.E.-N.); (M.I.S.); (A.P.); (S.D.P.); (Y.R.)
| | - Youssef Rouphael
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80055 Portici, Italy; (C.E.-N.); (M.I.S.); (A.P.); (S.D.P.); (Y.R.)
| | - Luigi Lucini
- Department for Sustainable Food Process, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 29122 Piacenza, Italy; (B.M.-M.); (L.Z.); (B.S.); (L.L.)
- Research Centre for Nutrigenomics and Proteomics (PRONUTRIGEN), Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 29122 Piacenza, Italy
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10
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Yao Y, Wei X, Pang H, Wang K, Liu Q, Fu H, Chen X, Wang Y. Effects of radio-frequency energy on peroxidase inactivation and physiochemical properties of stem lettuce and the underlying cell-morphology mechanism. Food Chem 2020; 322:126753. [PMID: 32283366 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.126753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2019] [Revised: 03/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
This paper investigated the effects of radio-frequency (RF) energy and conventional hot-water blanching (95 °C for 2 min) on the peroxidase (POD) activity, physiochemical properties, and changes in the cellular morphology of stem lettuce. The relative residual POD activity significantly decreased (P < 0.05) from 66.03% to 6.46% with increased RF heating temperature (65 °C-85 °C). The weight loss (3.06%-7.64%), color, texture, relative electrolyte leakage (23.45%-67.90%), and residual vitamin C content (72.22%-16.67%) significantly changed (P < 0.05) with increased RF heating temperature (65 °C-85 °C). Micrographs indicated that the changes in physiochemical property can be attributed to the destruction of cell membranes, loss of cell turgor, reduced rigidity of cell walls, and loose adhesion between adjacent cells. Samples treated by RF heating at 75 °C showed lesser cell damage and better nutrient retention than those treated by hot-water blanching at a similar level of POD inactivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yishun Yao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F 1University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Xunjiao Wei
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F 1University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Huiyun Pang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F 1University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Ke Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F 1University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Qiang Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F 1University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Hongfei Fu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F 1University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Xiangwei Chen
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F 1University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Yunyang Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F 1University, Yangling 712100, China.
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11
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Tang Y, Mao R, Guo S. Effects of LED spectra on growth, gas exchange, antioxidant activity and nutritional quality of vegetable species. Life Sci Space Res (Amst) 2020; 26:77-84. [PMID: 32718690 DOI: 10.1016/j.lssr.2020.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2020] [Revised: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
This research aimed to investigate the effects of three LED spectra on growth, gas exchange, antioxidant activity and nutritional quality of three vegetable species. The compressible vegetable facilities (CVF) were developed and three kinds of typical LED lights (spectra) were set, including white LED light (W), red-blue-green LED light (RBG), and red-blue-white LED light (RBW). Three vegetable species, i.e. lettuce (Lactuca sativa L. cv. Rome), cherry radish (Raphanus sativas L. cv. Hongxin) and cherry tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum M. cv. Mosite), were chosen and grown (matrix culture) in the three LED lights for 40, 40 and 100 days, respectively. The results indicated that the vegetable plants grew well and were compact in the RBG and RBW treatments. There was the highest biomass or fruit (tomato) in the RBG treatment and the least one in the W treatment for three vegetable species. There were no significant differences in harvest index, ratio of shoot to root, and water content among three treatments. The production efficiency values of 9.0-9.7, 9.9-13.5 and 11.8-12.5 g DW d-1 m-2 for lettuce, radish and tomato plants in the RBG and the RBW treatments were higher than those in the W treatment. The photosynthetic and transpiration rates of three vegetable species in the RBG treatment were the highest among three treatments and the W treatment had the least one. There were significant effects of three spectra on antioxidant activities of three vegetable species. Higher PPFD percentages of blue in the RBG light and the RBW light increased the antioxidant activities of all vegetable plants compared the W light. But it had no significant difference between the RBG light and the RBW. The organic components including soluble sugar (SS) and protein (Prt) of lettuce and radish plants were affected significantly by three spectra, but not for tomato plants. The contents of Mg and Zn of radish plants in the RBG treatment were higher than those in other treatments. There were significant positive effects of RBW treatment on the contents of N and Mg of tomato plants. The different spectra did not affect the contents of N-NO3 and Cu of vegetable plants. This study demonstrated that the RBG light (spectrum) significantly enhanced the growth, gas exchange, antioxidant activity of the lettuce, radish, and tomato cultivars used in this study, and there are significant effects of different LED spectra on the nutritional quality (including organic components and several mineral elements) of the different species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongkang Tang
- National Key Laboratory of Human Factors Engineering, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing 100094, China.
| | - Ruixin Mao
- National Key Laboratory of Human Factors Engineering, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing 100094, China.
| | - Shuangsheng Guo
- National Key Laboratory of Human Factors Engineering, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing 100094, China.
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12
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Abstract
Leaves of lettuce, pepper, tomato and grapevine plants grown in greenhouse conditions were exposed to UV-C light for either 60 s or 1 s, using a specific LEDs-based device, and wavelengths and energy were the same among different light treatments. Doses of UV-C light that both effectively stimulated plant defences and were innocuous were determined beforehand. Tomato plants and lettuce plants were inoculated with Botrytis cinerea, pepper plants with Phytophthora capsici, and grapevine with Plasmopara viticola. In some experiments we investigated the effect of a repetition of treatments over periods of several days. All plants were inoculated 48 h after exposure to the last UV-C treatment. Lesions on surfaces were measured up to 12 days after inoculation, depending on the experiment and the pathogen. The results confirmed that UV-C light stimulates plant resistance; they show that irradiation for one second is more effective than irradiation for 60 s, and that repetition of treatments is more effective than single light treatments. Moreover a systemic effect was observed in unexposed leaves that were close to exposed leaves. The mechanisms of perception and of the signalling and metabolic pathways triggered by flashes of UV-C light vs. 60 s irradiation exposures are briefly discussed, as well as the prospects for field use of UV-C flashes in viticulture and horticulture.
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Song J, Huang H, Hao Y, Song S, Zhang Y, Su W, Liu H. Nutritional quality, mineral and antioxidant content in lettuce affected by interaction of light intensity and nutrient solution concentration. Sci Rep 2020; 10:2796. [PMID: 32071377 PMCID: PMC7029024 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-59574-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Light and nutrient are important factors for vegetable production in plant factory or greenhouse. The total 12 treatments which contained the combination of four light intensity (150, 250, 350 and 450 μmol · m-2 · s-1) and three nutrient solution concentration (NSC) (1/4, 1/2, 3/4 strength NSC) were established for investigation of lettuce growth and quality in a growth chamber. The combination of light intensity and NSC exhibited significant effects on photosynthetic pigment, nutritional quality, mineral content and antioxidant capacity. That a higher light intensity were readily accessible to higher chlorophyll a/b showed in lettuce of treatment of 350 μmol · m-2 · s-1 × 3/4NSC and 450 μmol · m-2 · s-1 × 1/4NSC. Lower total N contents, higher content of soluble protein, vitamin C, soluble sugar and free amino acid exhibited in lettuce under treatment of 250 and 350 μmol · m-2 · s-1 × 1/4NSC or 3/4NSC. With increasing NSC and LED irradiance, the content of total P and K in lettuce increased and decreased, respectively. The highest and lowest total Ca content were found in treatment of 150 μmol · m-2 · s-1 × 1/4NSC and 450 μmol · m-2 · s-1 × 1/4NSC, respectively, and higher content of total Mg and Zn was observed under 250 μmol m-2 s-1 × 1/4NSC and 150 μmol · m-2 · s-1 × 3/4NSC, respectively. The antioxidant contents generally decreased with increasing NSC level. The higher antioxidant content and capacity occurred in lettuce of 350 μmol · m-2 · s-1 × 1/4NSC treatment. The interaction of 350 μmol · m-2 · s-1 × 1/4NSC might be the optimal condition for lettuce growth in plant factory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiali Song
- College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Hui Huang
- College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Yanwei Hao
- College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Shiwei Song
- College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Yiting Zhang
- College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Wei Su
- College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Houcheng Liu
- College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
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Samuolienė G, Viršilė A, Haimi P, Miliauskienė J. Photoresponse to different lighting strategies during red leaf lettuce growth. J Photochem Photobiol B 2020; 202:111726. [PMID: 31816516 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2019.111726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The objective of the study was to investigate the effects of growth-stage specific lighting for the physiological homeostasis of red leaf lettuce (Lactuca sativa L. cv. Red Cos), by measuring the productivity of photosynthesis and primary metabolism. In the experiments, the main photosynthetic photon flux consisted of red (R) and blue (B) light, supplemented with blue, green (G) or UV-A wavelengths. Decrease of fructose, accompanied by significant decrease of stomatal conductance (gs), the ratio of intracellular to ambient CO2 concentration (Ci/Ca), photosynthetic rate (Pr), light adapted actual quantum yield of PSII photochemistry (ΦPSII), biomass formation and significant increase of transpiration rate (Tr) suggest that supplemental UV-A during maturity stage, after supplemental green irradiation during seedling stage (BRG to BRUV) was the least favourable condition for red leaf lettuce. However, constant irradiation with supplemental green (BRG) or supplemental green irradiation after increased blue exposure (B↑R to BRG) resulted in significant increase of Pr, gs, Ci/Ca, and light use efficiency(LUE), and decrease of Tr and Water use efficiency (WUE). Significant increase of leaf area was observed under supplemental green in both seedlings (BR; BRG) and matured plants (B↑R to BRG). Significant increase of specific leaf area was found under supplemental green (BRG) for seedlings and under increased blue (B↑R) for matured plants. Accordingly, the most favourable growth-stage specific lighting spectrum strategy for red leaf lettuce, based on photosynthetic and primary metabolite response, is supplemental green irradiation after increased blue exposure (B↑R to BRG), whereas, the most favourable condition for seedlings is BRG. According to the PCA correlation matrix, associations among the measured data indicate that WUE negatively correlated with gs and Ci/Ca, while LUE positively correlated with gs and Pr. However, weak correlations between ФPSII, LUE and photochemical reflectance index (PRI) suggest that selected light conditions were not optimal for red leaf lettuce.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giedrė Samuolienė
- Institute of Horticulture, Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry, Kaunas, str. 30, Lithuania.
| | - Akvilė Viršilė
- Institute of Horticulture, Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry, Kaunas, str. 30, Lithuania
| | - Perttu Haimi
- Institute of Horticulture, Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry, Kaunas, str. 30, Lithuania
| | - Jurga Miliauskienė
- Institute of Horticulture, Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry, Kaunas, str. 30, Lithuania
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15
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Viršilė A, Brazaitytė A, Vaštakaitė-Kairienė V, Miliauskienė J, Jankauskienė J, Novičkovas A, Samuolienė G. Lighting intensity and photoperiod serves tailoring nitrate assimilation indices in red and green baby leaf lettuce. J Sci Food Agric 2019; 99:6608-6619. [PMID: 31347167 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.9948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2019] [Revised: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Understanding plant responses to light quantity in indoor horticultural systems is important for optimising lettuce growth and metabolism as well as energy utilisation efficiency. Light intensity and photoperiod sufficient for normal plant growth parameters might be not efficient for nitrate assimilation. Therefore, this study explored and compared the effects of different light intensities (100-500 μmol m-2 s-1 ) and photoperiods (12-24 h) on the growth and nitrate assimilation in red and green leaf lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.). RESULTS For efficient nitrate assimilation, 300-400 μmol m-2 s-1 photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) and 16-18 h photoperiod is necessary for red and green lettuces. The insufficient light quantity resulted in reduced growth and remarkable increase in nitrate and nitrite contents in both cultivars. Short photoperiods, similarly to low PPFD, growth parameters, chlorophyll indices and nitrate assimilation indices showed the shortage of photosynthetic products for normal plant physiological processes. Short photoperiods had the least pronounced effect on nitrate and nitrite contents in lettuce leaves. CONCLUSION Light intensity was superior compared to photoperiods for efficient nitrate assimilation in both lettuce cultivars. Under short photoperiods, similarly to low intensity, growth parameters, chlorophyll index and nitrate assimilation indices showed a shortage of photosynthetic products for normal physiological processes. The free amino acid concentration increased, but it was not efficiently incorporated in proteins, as their level in lettuce was lower compared to those for moderate photoperiods. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akvilė Viršilė
- Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry, Institute of Horticulture, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Aušra Brazaitytė
- Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry, Institute of Horticulture, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | | | - Jurga Miliauskienė
- Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry, Institute of Horticulture, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Julė Jankauskienė
- Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry, Institute of Horticulture, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Algirdas Novičkovas
- Institute of Photonics and Nanotechnology, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Giedrė Samuolienė
- Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry, Institute of Horticulture, Kaunas, Lithuania
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16
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Khramov RN, Kreslavski VD, Svidchenko EA, Surin NM, Kosobryukhov AA. Influence of photoluminophore-modified agro textile spunbond on growth and photosynthesis of cabbage and lettuce plants. Opt Express 2019; 27:31967-31977. [PMID: 31684418 DOI: 10.1364/oe.27.031967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Light-converting polypropylene spunbond was first used in the study of the key physiological parameters of plants. A comparative study of the functioning of the photosynthetic apparatus and the dynamics of growth in late cabbage plants (Olga variety) and leaf lettuce (Emerald variety) was conducted using the ordinary nonwoven polypropylene fabric (spunbond) (density 30 g·m-2) and the spunbond containing a photoluminophore (PL) (1.6% yttrium oxysulfide doped with europium). The plants were grown in a glass greenhouse without spunbond and under the spunbond containing and not containing the PL that transforms a part of UV-radiation into red light radiation. The use of the spunbond led to a decrease in the rate of photosynthesis, activity of the photosystem 2, and the accumulation of plant biomass and to an increase in the stomatal conductance. By contrast to unmodified spunbond, the application of the spunbond containing the PL led to an increase in the rate of photosynthesis, the water-use efficiency (WUE), and the accumulation of the total biomass of plants by 30-50% but to a decrease in the transpiration rate and the stomatal conductance. It is assumed that the positive effect of the PL is associated with an increase in the fraction of fluorescent red light, which enhances photosynthetic activity and accelerates plant growth.
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Fgaier S, de Almeida Lopes MM, de Oliveira Silva E, Aarrouf J, Urban L. Xenon lamps used for fruit surface sterilization can increase the content of total flavonols in leaves of Lactuca sativa L. without any negative effect on net photosynthesis. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0223787. [PMID: 31634363 PMCID: PMC6802843 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0223787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
One (1P), two (2P), three (3P) or four (4P) pulses of light supplied by a xenon lamp, were applied to young lettuce plants grown in pots. The lamp used in the trial was similar to those used for fruit surface sterilization. Total flavonols were measured in leaves using the Dualex method. In a first trial conducted in greenhouse conditions, 6 days after the pulsed light (PL) treatment, flavonols were increased by 312% and 525% in the 3P and 4P treatments, respectively, in comparison to the those in the untreated control. Changes in the chlorophyll fluorescence parameters suggest that the PL treatment may induce limited and transient damage to the photosynthetic machinery and that the damage increases with the increasing number of pulses. The performance parameters were not significantly affected by PL and recovered fully by 6 days after the treatments. The 1P and the 2P treatments 6 days after the treatment showed a 28.6% and a 32.5% increase, respectively, in net photosynthetic assimilation, when compared to that of the control. However, 8 days after the treatment, there was no longer a difference between the treatments and the control in net photosynthetic assimilation. Eight days after the light treatment, the 3P treatment showed a 38.4% increase in maximal net photosynthetic assimilation over that of the control, which is an indication of positive long-term adaptation of photosynthetic capacity. As a whole, our observations suggest that PL could be used on field or greenhouse crops to increase their phytochemical content. No long-lasting or strong negative effects on photosynthesis were associated with PL within the range of doses we tested; some observations even suggest that certain treatments could result in an additional positive effect. This conclusion is supported by a second trial conducted in phytotrons. More studies are required to better understand the roles of the different wavelengths supplied by PL and their interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salah Fgaier
- UMR 95 Qualisud/Laboratoire de Physiologie des Fruits et Légumes, Avignon Université, Avignon, France
- NOVAGENETIC, Anjou Actiparc, Longué Jumelle, France
| | | | | | - Jawad Aarrouf
- UMR 95 Qualisud/Laboratoire de Physiologie des Fruits et Légumes, Avignon Université, Avignon, France
| | - Laurent Urban
- UMR 95 Qualisud/Laboratoire de Physiologie des Fruits et Légumes, Avignon Université, Avignon, France
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18
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Zhen S, Haidekker M, van Iersel MW. Far-red light enhances photochemical efficiency in a wavelength-dependent manner. Physiol Plant 2019; 167:21-33. [PMID: 30203475 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.12834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Revised: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Linear electron transport depends on balanced excitation of photosystem I and II. Far-red light preferentially excites photosystem I (PSI) and can enhance the photosynthetic efficiency when combined with light that over-excites photosystem II (PSII). The efficiency of different wavelengths of far-red light exciting PSI was quantified by measuring the change in quantum yield of PSII (ΦPSII ) of lettuce (Lactuca sativa) under red/blue light with narrowband far-red light added (from 678 to 752 nm, obtained using laser diodes). The ΦPSII of lettuce increased with increasing wavelengths of added light from 678 to 703 nm, indicating longer wavelengths within this region are increasingly used more efficiently by PSI than by PSII. Adding 721 nm light resulted in similar ΦPSII as adding 703 nm light, but ΦPSII tended to decrease as wavelength increased from 721 to 731 nm, likely due to decreasing absorptance and low photon energy. Adding 752 nm light did not affect ΦPSII . Leaf chlorophyll fluorescence light response measurements showed lettuce had higher ΦPSII under halogen light (rich in far-red) than under red/blue light (which over-excites PSII). Far-red light is more photosynthetically active than commonly believed, because of its synergistic interaction with light of shorter wavelengths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyang Zhen
- Department of Horticulture, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Mark Haidekker
- College of Engineering, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Marc W van Iersel
- Department of Horticulture, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
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Sun H, Wang M, Nan Y, Han M, Lu H. The Kinetics and Mechanisms for Photodegradation of Nitrated Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons on Lettuce Leaf Surfaces: An In Vivo Study. J Agric Food Chem 2019; 67:8452-8458. [PMID: 31294967 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b02326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Insights into the environmental fates of nitrated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (NPAHs) in edible vegetables are of great significance for better evaluating human exposure to NPAHs through the dietary pathway. In this work, a fluorescence quenching method using graphene quantum dots as a fluorescent probe was first applied for the in vivo determination of 9-nitroanthracene (9-NAnt) and 1-nitropyrene (1-NPyr) adsorbed on the leaf surfaces of living lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) seedlings. Moreover, the photolysis kinetics and mechanisms of the two adsorbed NPAHs were discussed. The photodegradation kinetics followed the pseudo-first-order equation, and the photodegradation half-life of 1-NPyr (7.4 ± 0.2 h) was greater than that of 9-NAnt (2.3 ± 0.1 h). Anthraquinone and pyrenediones were identified to be the main photolytic products of 9-NAnt and 1-NPyr, respectively. Intramolecular rearrangement was the most reasonable mechanism for the NPAH photolysis. The photolysis-driven degradation exhibited a key role in scavenging NPAHs from the vegetable leaf, indicating the reduction of NPAH transportation in the food chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haifeng Sun
- College of Environment and Resource , Shanxi University , Taiyuan 030006 , P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Nutrient Resources of Shanxi Province , Taiyuan 030031 , P. R. China
| | - Meng Wang
- College of Environment and Resource , Shanxi University , Taiyuan 030006 , P. R. China
| | - Yanli Nan
- College of Environment and Resource , Shanxi University , Taiyuan 030006 , P. R. China
| | - Ming Han
- College of Environment and Resource , Shanxi University , Taiyuan 030006 , P. R. China
| | - Haoliang Lu
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Coastal and Wetland Ecosystem , Xiamen University , Xiamen 361102 , P. R. China
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Chen XL, Wang LC, Li T, Yang QC, Guo WZ. Sugar accumulation and growth of lettuce exposed to different lighting modes of red and blue LED light. Sci Rep 2019; 9:6926. [PMID: 31061448 PMCID: PMC6502839 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-43498-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study evaluated the growth response and sugar accumulation of lettuce exposed to different lighting modes of red and blue LED light based on the same daily light integral (7.49 μmol·m-2). Six lighting treatments were performed, that were monochromatic red light (R), monochromatic blue light (B), simultaneous red and blue light as the control (RB, R:B = 1:1), mixed modes of R, B and RB (R/RB/B, 4 h R to 4 h RB and then 4 h B), and alternating red and blue light with alternating intervals of 4 h and 1 h respectively recorded as R/B(4 h) and R/B(1 h). The Results showed that different irradiation modes led to obvious morphological changes in lettuce. Among all the treatments, the highest fresh and dry weight of lettuce shoot were both detected with R/B(1 h), significantly higher than the other treatments. Compared with plants treated with RB, the contents of fructose, glucose, crude fiber as well as the total sweetness index (TSI) of lettuce were significantly enhanced by R treatment; meanwhile, monochromatic R significantly promoted the activities of sucrose degrading enzymes such as acid invertase (AI) and neutral invertase (NI), while obviously reduced the activity of sucrose synthesizing enzyme (SPS). Additionally. The highest contents of sucrose and starch accompanied with the strongest activity of SPS were detected in plants treated with R/B(1 h). The alternating treatments R/B(4 h) and R/B(1 h) inhibited the activity of SS, while enhanced that of SPS compared with the other treatments, indicating that different light environment might influence sugar compositions via regulating the activities of sucrose metabolism enzymes. On the whole, R/B(1 h) was the optimal lighting strategy in terms of lettuce yield, taste and energy use efficiency in the present study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Li Chen
- Beijing Research Center of Intelligent Equipment for Agriculture, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100097, China
- Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (North China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
| | - Li-Chun Wang
- Beijing Research Center of Intelligent Equipment for Agriculture, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100097, China
| | - Tao Li
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Qi-Chang Yang
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China.
| | - Wen-Zhong Guo
- Beijing Research Center of Intelligent Equipment for Agriculture, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100097, China.
- Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (North China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China.
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Riga P, Benedicto L, Gil-Izquierdo Á, Collado-González J, Ferreres F, Medina S. Diffuse light affects the contents of vitamin C, phenolic compounds and free amino acids in lettuce plants. Food Chem 2019; 272:227-234. [PMID: 30309537 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.08.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Revised: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Enhancement of the diffuse solar radiation to which lettuce plants were exposed clearly affected the vitamin C content and the quantitative and qualitative patterns of phenolic compounds and free amino acids (AA) in the leaves. Although the enhanced level of diffuse light was detrimental to the contents of vitamin C and total phenolic compounds, lowering them by 10-46% and 8-11%, respectively, the content of di-caffeoyltartaric acid increased from 0.26 ± 0.19 to 0.52 ± 0.10 μmol 100 g-1 f.w. for plants harvested in summer. The effect of diffuse light on AA depended on the total amount of global radiation incident on the plants. Considering the lowest amount of global radiation, the enhanced diffuse light increased the AA content from 766 ± 89 to 849 ± 90 μmol 100 g-1 f.w. By contrast, under the highest level of global radiation, diffuse light decreased the amount of AA from 990 ± 16 to 830 ± 76 μmol 100 g-1 f.w.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Riga
- Department of Plant Production, NEIKER-Tecnalia, Basque Institute of Agricultural Research and Development, Parque Científico y Tecnológico de Bizkaia P. 812, E-48160 Derio, Spain.
| | - Leyre Benedicto
- Department of Plant Production, NEIKER-Tecnalia, Basque Institute of Agricultural Research and Development, Parque Científico y Tecnológico de Bizkaia P. 812, E-48160 Derio, Spain
| | - Ángel Gil-Izquierdo
- Department of Food Science and Technology, CEBAS-CSIC, P.O. Box 164, E-30100 Espinardo, Spain.
| | | | - Federico Ferreres
- Department of Food Science and Technology, CEBAS-CSIC, P.O. Box 164, E-30100 Espinardo, Spain
| | - Sonia Medina
- Department of Food Science and Technology, CEBAS-CSIC, P.O. Box 164, E-30100 Espinardo, Spain
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Mickens MA, Skoog EJ, Reese LE, Barnwell PL, Spencer LE, Massa GD, Wheeler RM. A strategic approach for investigating light recipes for 'Outredgeous' red romaine lettuce using white and monochromatic LEDs. Life Sci Space Res (Amst) 2018; 19:53-62. [PMID: 30482283 DOI: 10.1016/j.lssr.2018.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Revised: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
To optimize crop production/quality in space, we studied various "light recipes" that could be used in the Advanced Plant Habitat currently aboard the International Space Station (ISS). Lettuce (Lactuca sativa cv. 'Outredgeous') plants were grown for 28 days under seven treatments of white (W) LEDs (control), red (635 nm) and blue (460 nm) (RB) LEDs, W + blue (B) LEDs, W + green (520 nm) (G) LEDs, W + red (R) LEDs, W + far red (745 nm) (FR) LEDs, and RGB + FR LEDs with ratios similar to natural sunlight. Total PAR was maintained near 180 µmol m-2 s-1 with an 18 h photoperiod. Lettuce grown under RGB + FR produced the greatest leaf expansion and overall shoot biomass, while leaves from WB and RB showed the highest levels of pigmentation, secondary metabolites, and elemental nutrients. All other supplemental treatments had varying impacts on morphology that were dependent on crop age. The WG treatment increased fresh mass early in the cycle, while WR increased biomass later in the cycle. The plants grown under WFR exhibited elongation of petioles, lower nutrient content, and similar shoot biomass to the W control. The findings suggest that supplementing a broad spectrum, white light background with discrete wavelengths can be used to manipulate total yield, morphology, and levels of phytonutrients in lettuce at various times during the crop cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Mickens
- National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Kennedy Space Center, FL 32899, United States.
| | - E J Skoog
- National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Kennedy Space Center, FL 32899, United States
| | - L E Reese
- National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Kennedy Space Center, FL 32899, United States
| | - P L Barnwell
- National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Kennedy Space Center, FL 32899, United States
| | - L E Spencer
- National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Kennedy Space Center, FL 32899, United States; AECOM Laboratory Support Services and Operations, Kennedy Space Center, FL 32899, United States
| | - G D Massa
- National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Kennedy Space Center, FL 32899, United States
| | - R M Wheeler
- National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Kennedy Space Center, FL 32899, United States
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23
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Bian Z, Yang Q, Li T, Cheng R, Barnett Y, Lu C. Study of the beneficial effects of green light on lettuce grown under short-term continuous red and blue light-emitting diodes. Physiol Plant 2018; 164:226-240. [PMID: 29493775 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.12713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Revised: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2018] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Red and blue light are the most important light spectra for driving photosynthesis to produce adequate crop yield. It is also believed that green light may contribute to adaptations to growth. However, the effects of green light, which can trigger specific and necessary responses of plant growth, have been underestimated in the past. In this study, lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) was exposed to different continuous light (CL) conditions for 48 h by a combination of red and blue light-emitting diodes (LEDs) supplemented with or without green LEDs, in an environmental-controlled growth chamber. Green light supplementation enhanced photosynthetic capacity by increasing net photosynthetic rates, maximal photochemical efficiency, electron transport for carbon fixation (JPSII ) and chlorophyll content in plants under the CL treatment. Green light decreased malondialdehyde and H2 O2 accumulation by increasing the activities of superoxide dismutase (EC 1.15.1.1) and ascorbate peroxidase (EC 1.11.1.11) after 24 h of CL. Supplemental green light significantly increased the expression of photosynthetic genes LHCb and PsbA from 6 to 12 h, and these gene expressions were maintained at higher levels than those under other light conditions between 12 and 24 h. However, a notable downregulation of both LHCb and PsbA was observed during 24 to 48 h. These results indicate that the effects of green light on lettuce plant growth, via enhancing activity of particular components of antioxidative enzyme system and promoting of LHCb and PsbA expression to maintain higher photosynthetic capacity, alleviated a number of the negative effects caused by CL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhonghua Bian
- School of Animal, Rural and Environmental Science, Brackenhurst Campus, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, NG25 0QF, UK
| | - Qichang Yang
- Institute of Environment of Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Tao Li
- Institute of Environment of Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Ruifeng Cheng
- Institute of Environment of Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yvonne Barnett
- School of Animal, Rural and Environmental Science, Brackenhurst Campus, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, NG25 0QF, UK
| | - Chungui Lu
- School of Animal, Rural and Environmental Science, Brackenhurst Campus, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, NG25 0QF, UK
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24
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Jishi T, Matsuda R, Fujiwara K. Effects of photosynthetic photon flux density, frequency, duty ratio, and their interactions on net photosynthetic rate of cos lettuce leaves under pulsed light: explanation based on photosynthetic-intermediate pool dynamics. Photosynth Res 2018; 136:371-378. [PMID: 29236208 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-017-0470-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Accepted: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Square-wave pulsed light is characterized by three parameters, namely average photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD), pulsed-light frequency, and duty ratio (the ratio of light-period duration to that of the light-dark cycle). In addition, the light-period PPFD is determined by the averaged PPFD and duty ratio. We investigated the effects of these parameters and their interactions on net photosynthetic rate (P n) of cos lettuce leaves for every combination of parameters. Averaged PPFD values were 0-500 µmol m-2 s-1. Frequency values were 0.1-1000 Hz. White LED arrays were used as the light source. Every parameter affected P n and interactions between parameters were observed for all combinations. The P n under pulsed light was lower than that measured under continuous light of the same averaged PPFD, and this difference was enhanced with decreasing frequency and increasing light-period PPFD. A mechanistic model was constructed to estimate the amount of stored photosynthetic intermediates over time under pulsed light. The results indicated that all effects of parameters and their interactions on P n were explainable by consideration of the dynamics of accumulation and consumption of photosynthetic intermediates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiro Jishi
- Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan.
| | - Ryo Matsuda
- Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Fujiwara
- Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
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25
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Kitazaki K, Fukushima A, Nakabayashi R, Okazaki Y, Kobayashi M, Mori T, Nishizawa T, Reyes-Chin-Wo S, Michelmore RW, Saito K, Shoji K, Kusano M. Metabolic Reprogramming in Leaf Lettuce Grown Under Different Light Quality and Intensity Conditions Using Narrow-Band LEDs. Sci Rep 2018; 8:7914. [PMID: 29784957 PMCID: PMC5962576 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-25686-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Light-emitting diodes (LEDs) are an artificial light source used in closed-type plant factories and provide a promising solution for a year-round supply of green leafy vegetables, such as lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.). Obtaining high-quality seedlings using controlled irradiation from LEDs is critical, as the seedling health affects the growth and yield of leaf lettuce after transplantation. Because key molecular pathways underlying plant responses to a specific light quality and intensity remain poorly characterised, we used a multi-omics-based approach to evaluate the metabolic and transcriptional reprogramming of leaf lettuce seedlings grown under narrow-band LED lighting. Four types of monochromatic LEDs (one blue, two green and one red) and white fluorescent light (control) were used at low and high intensities (100 and 300 μmol·m-2·s-1, respectively). Multi-platform mass spectrometry-based metabolomics and RNA-Seq were used to determine changes in the metabolome and transcriptome of lettuce plants in response to different light qualities and intensities. Metabolic pathway analysis revealed distinct regulatory mechanisms involved in flavonoid and phenylpropanoid biosynthetic pathways under blue and green wavelengths. Taken together, these data suggest that the energy transmitted by green light is effective in creating a balance between biomass production and the production of secondary metabolites involved in plant defence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuyoshi Kitazaki
- Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry, Abiko, Chiba, 270-1194, Japan
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8589, Japan
| | - Atsushi Fukushima
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Ryo Nakabayashi
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Yozo Okazaki
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Makoto Kobayashi
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Mori
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Tomoko Nishizawa
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan
| | | | | | - Kazuki Saito
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Chiba, 263-8522, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Shoji
- Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry, Abiko, Chiba, 270-1194, Japan.
| | - Miyako Kusano
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan.
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8572, Japan.
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26
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Zivcak M, Brückova K, Sytar O, Brestic M, Olsovska K, Allakhverdiev SI. Lettuce flavonoids screening and phenotyping by chlorophyll fluorescence excitation ratio. Planta 2017; 245:1215-1229. [PMID: 28303392 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-017-2676-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2017] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
MAIN CONCLUSION Environmentally induced variation and the genotypic differences in flavonoid and phenolic content in lettuce can be reliably detected using the appropriate parameters derived from the records of rapid non-invasive fluorescence technique. The chlorophyll fluorescence excitation ratio method was designed as a rapid and non-invasive tool to estimate the content of UV-absorbing phenolic compounds in plants. Using this technique, we have assessed the dynamics of accumulation of flavonoids related to developmental changes and environmental effects. Moreover, we have tested appropriateness of the method to identify the genotypic differences and fluctuations in total phenolics and flavonoid content in lettuce. Six green and two red genotypes of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) grown in pots were exposed to two different environments for 50 days: direct sunlight (UV-exposed) and greenhouse conditions (low UV). The indices based on the measurements of chlorophyll fluorescence after red, green and UV excitation indicated increase of the content of UV-absorbing compounds and anthocyanins in the epidermis of lettuce leaves. In similar, the biochemical analyses performed at the end of the experiment confirmed significantly higher total phenolic and flavonoid content in lettuce plants exposed to direct sun compared to greenhouse conditions and in red compared to green genotypes. As the correlation between the standard fluorescence indices and the biochemical records was negatively influenced by the presence of red genotypes, we proposed the use of a new parameter named Modified Flavonoid Index (MFI) taking into an account both absorbance changes due to flavonol and anthocyanin content, for which the correlation with flavonoid and phenolic content was relatively good. Thus, our results confirmed that the fluorescence excitation ratio method is useful for identifying the major differences in phenolic and flavonoid content in lettuce plants and it can be used for high-throughput pre-screening and phenotyping of leafy vegetables in research and breeding applications towards improvement of vegetable health effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marek Zivcak
- Department of Plant Physiology, Slovak Agricultural University, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76, Nitra, Slovak Republic
| | - Klaudia Brückova
- Department of Plant Physiology, Slovak Agricultural University, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76, Nitra, Slovak Republic
| | - Oksana Sytar
- Agrobiotech Research Center, Slovak Agricultural University, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76, Nitra, Slovak Republic
- Educational and Scientific Centre, Institute of Biology and Medicine, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, 64/13 Volodymyrska Street, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Marian Brestic
- Department of Plant Physiology, Slovak Agricultural University, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76, Nitra, Slovak Republic.
| | - Katarina Olsovska
- Department of Plant Physiology, Slovak Agricultural University, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76, Nitra, Slovak Republic
| | - Suleyman I Allakhverdiev
- Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Botanicheskaya Street 35, Moscow, 127276, Russia.
- Institute of Basic Biological Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow Region, 142290, Russia.
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1-12, Moscow, 119991, Russia.
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences, Matbuat Avenue 2a, 1073, Baku, Azerbaijan.
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27
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Han T, Vaganov V, Cao S, Li Q, Ling L, Cheng X, Peng L, Zhang C, Yakovlev AN, Zhong Y, Tu M. Improving "color rendering" of LED lighting for the growth of lettuce. Sci Rep 2017; 7:45944. [PMID: 28368019 PMCID: PMC5377472 DOI: 10.1038/srep45944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Light plays a vital role on the growth and development of plant. On the base of white light with high color rendering to the benefit of human survival and life, we proposed to improve "color rendering" of LED lighting for accelerating the growth of lettuce. Seven spectral LED lights were adopted to irradiate the lettuces under 150 μmol·m-2·s-1 for a 16 hd-1 photoperiod. The leaf area and number profiles, plant biomass, and photosynthetic rate under the as-prepared LED light treatments were investigated. We let the absorption spectrum of fresh leaf be the emission spectrum of ideal light and then evaluate the "color rendering" of as-prepared LED lights by the Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient and CIE chromaticity coordinates. Under the irradiation of red-yellow-blue light with high correlation coefficient of 0.587, the dry weights and leaf growth rate are 2-3 times as high as the sharp red-blue light. The optimized LED light for lettuce growth can be presumed to be limited to the angle (about 75°) between the vectors passed through the ideal light in the CIE chromaticity coordinates. These findings open up a new idea to assess and find the optimized LED light for plant growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Han
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Research Institute for New Materials Technology, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing 402160, People’s Republic of China
| | - Vitaliy Vaganov
- Institute of High Technology Physics, Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk 634050, Russia
| | - Shixiu Cao
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Research Institute for New Materials Technology, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing 402160, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qiang Li
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Research Institute for New Materials Technology, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing 402160, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lili Ling
- Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing 400712, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyao Cheng
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Research Institute for New Materials Technology, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing 402160, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lingling Peng
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Research Institute for New Materials Technology, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing 402160, People’s Republic of China
| | - Congzhi Zhang
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Research Institute for New Materials Technology, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing 402160, People’s Republic of China
| | - Alexey N. Yakovlev
- Institute of High Technology Physics, Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk 634050, Russia
| | - Yang Zhong
- Institute of High Technology Physics, Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk 634050, Russia
| | - Mingjing Tu
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Research Institute for New Materials Technology, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing 402160, People’s Republic of China
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28
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Aksakal O, Tabay D, Esringu A, Icoglu Aksakal F, Esim N. Effect of proline on biochemical and molecular mechanisms in lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) exposed to UV-B radiation. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2017; 16:246-254. [PMID: 28070585 DOI: 10.1039/c6pp00412a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Accepted: 12/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the role of proline (Pro) in relieving UV-B radiation-induced oxidative stress in lettuce. Lettuce seedlings were exposed to 3.3 W m-2 UV-B radiation for 12 h after pre-treatment sprayed with 20 mM Pro. The data for malondialdehyde (MDA), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), endogenous Pro level, the activities of antioxidant enzymes [superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), and peroxidase (POD)], total phenolic concentration, antioxidant capacity, expression of phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL), γ-tocopherol methyltransferase (γ-TMT) and proline dehydrogenase (ProDH) genes, phytohormone levels such as abscisic acid (ABA), gibberellic acid (GA), indole acetic acid (IAA) and salicylic acid (SA), soluble sugars and organic acids were recorded. It was found that Pro alleviated the oxidative damage in the seedlings of lettuce as demonstrated by lower lipid peroxidation and H2O2 content, increasing the endogenous Pro level, the activity of antioxidant enzymes, total phenolic concentration and the antioxidant capacity. Additionally, it was revealed that exogenous application of Pro enhanced the levels of GA, IAA, the concentrations of soluble sugars and organic acids and expressions of PAL, γ-TMT and ProDH genes as compared to the control. The results obtained in this study suggest that pre-treatment with exogenous Pro provides important contributions to the increase in the UV-B tolerance of lettuce by regulating the biochemical mechanisms of UV-B response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ozkan Aksakal
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Atatürk University, 25240, Erzurum, Turkey.
| | - Dilruba Tabay
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Atatürk University, 25240, Erzurum, Turkey.
| | - Aslıhan Esringu
- Narman Vocational Training School, Atatürk University, Narman, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Feyza Icoglu Aksakal
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Atatürk University, 25240, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Nevzat Esim
- Vocational Training School, Bingöl University, Bingöl, Turkey
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29
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Zhen S, van Iersel MW. Far-red light is needed for efficient photochemistry and photosynthesis. J Plant Physiol 2017; 209:115-122. [PMID: 28039776 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2016.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Revised: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The efficiency of monochromatic light to drive photosynthesis drops rapidly at wavelengths longer than 685nm. The photosynthetic efficiency of these longer wavelengths can be improved by adding shorter wavelength light, a phenomenon known as the Emerson enhancement effect. The reverse effect, the enhancement of photosynthesis under shorter wavelength light by longer wavelengths, however, has not been well studied and is often thought to be insignificant. We quantified the effect of adding far-red light (peak at 735nm) to red/blue or warm-white light on the photosynthetic efficiency of lettuce (Lactuca sativa). Adding far-red light immediately increased quantum yield of photosystem II (ΦPSII) of lettuce by an average of 6.5 and 3.6% under red/blue and warm-white light, respectively. Similar or greater increases in ΦPSII were observed after 20min of exposure to far-red light. This longer-term effect of far-red light on ΦPSII was accompanied by a reduction in non-photochemical quenching of fluorescence (NPQ), indicating that far-red light reduced the dissipation of absorbed light as heat. The increase in ΦPSII and complementary decrease in NPQ is presumably due to preferential excitation of photosystem I (PSI) by far-red light, which leads to faster re-oxidization of the plastoquinone pool. This facilitates reopening of PSII reaction centers, enabling them to use absorbed photons more efficiently. The increase in ΦPSII by far-red light was associated with an increase in net photosynthesis (Pn). The stimulatory effect of far-red light increased asymptotically with increasing amounts of far-red. Overall, our results show that far-red light can increase the photosynthetic efficiency of shorter wavelength light that over-excites PSII.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyang Zhen
- Department of Horticulture, University of Georgia, 1111 Miller Plant Science Building, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
| | - Marc W van Iersel
- Department of Horticulture, University of Georgia, 1111 Miller Plant Science Building, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
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30
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Araniti F, Lupini A, Sunseri F, Abenavoli MR. Allelopatic Potential of Dittrichia viscosa (L.) W. Greuter Mediated by VOCs: A Physiological and Metabolomic Approach. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0170161. [PMID: 28085959 PMCID: PMC5234817 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0170161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2016] [Accepted: 12/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Dittrichia viscosa (L.) W. Greuter is a pioneer species belonging to the Compositae family. It is widespread in the Mediterranean basin, where it is considered invasive. It is a source of secondary metabolites, playing an important ecological role. D. viscosa plant extracts showed a phytotoxic activity on several physiological processes of different species. In the current study, the allelopathic potential of D. viscosa VOCs, released by its foliage, was evaluated on seed germination and root growth of lettuce. The VOCs effect was also studied on lettuce adult plants in microcosm systems, which better mimicked the open field conditions. D. viscosa VOCs inhibited both seed germination and root growth of lettuce. The VOCs composition revealed a large presence of terpenoids, responsible of the effects observed. Moreover, D. viscosa VOCs caused an alteration on plant water status accompanied by oxidative damages and photoinhibition on lettuce adult plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrizio Araniti
- Dipartimento AGRARIA, Università Mediterranea di Reggio Calabria, – Località Feo di Vito, Reggio Calabria, Italy
| | - Antonio Lupini
- Dipartimento AGRARIA, Università Mediterranea di Reggio Calabria, – Località Feo di Vito, Reggio Calabria, Italy
| | - Francesco Sunseri
- Dipartimento AGRARIA, Università Mediterranea di Reggio Calabria, – Località Feo di Vito, Reggio Calabria, Italy
| | - Maria Rosa Abenavoli
- Dipartimento AGRARIA, Università Mediterranea di Reggio Calabria, – Località Feo di Vito, Reggio Calabria, Italy
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31
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Fujii R, Yamano N, Hashimoto H, Misawa N, Ifuku K. Photoprotection vs. Photoinhibition of Photosystem II in Transplastomic Lettuce (Lactuca sativa) Dominantly Accumulating Astaxanthin. Plant Cell Physiol 2016; 57:1518-1529. [PMID: 26644463 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcv187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2015] [Accepted: 11/18/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Transplastomic (chloroplast genome-modified; CGM) lettuce that dominantly accumulates astaxanthin grows similarly to a non-transgenic control with almost no accumulation of naturally occurring photosynthetic carotenoids. In this study, we evaluated the activity and assembly of PSII in CGM lettuce. The maximum quantum yield of PSII in CGM lettuce was <0.6; however, the quantum yield of PSII was comparable with that in control leaves under higher light intensity. CGM lettuce showed a lower ability to induce non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) than the control under various light intensities. The fraction of slowly recovering NPQ in CGM lettuce, which is considered to be photoinhibitory quenching (qI), was less than half that of the control. In fact, 1O2 generation was lower in CGM than in control leaves under high light intensity. CGM lettuce contained less PSII, accumulated mostly as a monomer in thylakoid membranes. The PSII monomers purified from the CGM thylakoids bound echinenone and canthaxanthin in addition to β-carotene, suggesting that a shortage of β-carotene and/or the binding of carbonyl carotenoids would interfere with the photophysical function as well as normal assembly of PSII. In contrast, high accumulation of astaxanthin and other carbonyl carotenoids was found within the thylakoid membranes. This finding would be associated with the suppression of photo-oxidative stress in the thylakoid membranes. Our observation suggests the importance of a specific balance between photoprotection and photoinhibition that can support normal photosynthesis in CGM lettuce producing astaxanthin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritsuko Fujii
- The Osaka City University Advanced Research Institute for Natural Science and Technology (OCARINA), Osaka City University, 3-3-138, Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka, 558-8585 Japan
- Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, 3-3-138, Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka, 558-8585 Japan
- JST, PRESTO, 4-1-8 Honcho Kawaguchi, Saitama, 332-0012 Japan
| | - Nami Yamano
- Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, 3-3-138, Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka, 558-8585 Japan
| | - Hideki Hashimoto
- The Osaka City University Advanced Research Institute for Natural Science and Technology (OCARINA), Osaka City University, 3-3-138, Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka, 558-8585 Japan
- Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, 3-3-138, Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka, 558-8585 Japan
- Present address: Department of Applied Chemistry for Environment, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, 2-1 Gakuen, Sanda, Hyogo, 669-1337 Japan
| | - Norihiko Misawa
- Research Institute for Bioresources and Biotechnology, Ishikawa Prefectural University, 1-308 Suematsu, Nonoichi-Shi Ishikawa, 921-8836 Japan
| | - Kentaro Ifuku
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa Oiwake-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502 Japan
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Esringu A, Aksakal O, Tabay D, Kara AA. Effects of sodium nitroprusside (SNP) pretreatment on UV-B stress tolerance in lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) seedlings. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2016; 23:589-97. [PMID: 26330324 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-5301-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2015] [Accepted: 08/21/2015] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Ultraviolet-B (UV-B) radiation is one of the most important abiotic stress factors that could influence plant growth, development, and productivity. Nitric oxide (NO) is an important plant growth regulator involved in a wide variety of physiological processes. In the present study, the possibility of enhancing UV-B stress tolerance of lettuce seedlings by the exogenous application of sodium nitroprusside (SNP) was investigated. UV-B radiation increased the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), peroxidase (POD) and total phenolic concentrations, antioxidant capacity, and expression of phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) gene in seedlings, but the combination of SNP pretreatment and UV-B enhanced antioxidant enzyme activities, total phenolic concentrations, antioxidant capacity, and PAL gene expression even more. Moreover, UV-B radiation significantly inhibited chlorophylls, carotenoid, gibberellic acid (GA), and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) contents and increased the contents of abscisic acid (ABA), salicylic acid (SA), malondialdehyde (MDA), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and superoxide radical (O2•(-)) in lettuce seedlings. When SNP pretreatment was combined with the UV-B radiation, we observed alleviated chlorophylls, carotenoid, GA, and IAA inhibition and decreased content of ABA, SA, MDA, H2O2, and O2•(-) in comparison to non-pretreated stressed seedlings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aslıhan Esringu
- Narman Vocational Training School, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Ozkan Aksakal
- Department of Biology, Science Faculty, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey.
| | - Dilruba Tabay
- Department of Biology, Science Faculty, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Ayse Aydan Kara
- Department of Biology, Science Faculty, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
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Yu Y, Yang QC, Liu WK. [Effects of short-term continuous lighting with LED lamps and nitrogen nutrition conditions on quality of hydroponically grown purple lettuce]. Ying Yong Sheng Tai Xue Bao 2015; 26:3361-6. [PMID: 26915191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Purple lettuce was grown hydroponically under six different nitrogen nutrition conditions, with NO(3-)-N:NH(4+)-N at 1:0, 4:1 and 1:1 combined with nitrogen application levels of 10 and 15 mmol · L(-1), for 25 days in solar greenhouse, then treated with short-term continuous lighting (SCL) before harvest to study the changes in contents of nutrients and analyze the effects of nitrogen nutrition conditions on the changes. Results showed that the shoot dry mass of all six nitrogen nutrition conditions were significantly improved under SCL treatment, by 35.1% at least, and the root dry mass increased greatly except for NO(3-)-N:NH(4+)-N 1:1 combined with nitrogen application level 15 mmol · L(-1) treatment and NO(3-)-N:NH(4+)-N 1:0 combined with nitrogen application level 10 mmol · L(-1) treatment. The relative contents of total phenols and flavonoid of different nitrogen nutrition conditions turned significantly different after treatment with SCL. The relative contents of total phenols and flavonoid were enhanced with the improvement of ammonium nitrogen ratio, while the relative content of anthocyanin increased and then decreased with the improvement of ammonium nitrogen ratio. The lighting treatment reduced the nitrate content of leaf blade of all six nitrogen nutrition conditions remarkably by 23.2% at least. The contents of ascorbic acid, soluble sugar and soluble protein rose significantly under SCL treatments. The study showed that the reduction of nitrate content speeded up with the enhancement of nitrogen application level and ammonium nitrogen ratio, and the advancement of ascorbic acid content slowed down with the increasing nitrogen application level. The soluble sugar improvement speed increased with the increasing ammonium nitrogen ratio, and SCL lifted the dry mass of the lettuce greatly. The results showed that SCL with LED lamps improved significantly the dry matter of lettuce under different nitrogen nutrition conditions, reduced the nitrate content and increased the ascorbic acid, soluble sugar and soluble protein contents greatly. In addition, nitrogen nutrition conditions affected the effectiveness of short-term continuous lighting on quality improvement rate of hydroponic lettuce remarkably.
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Lee S, Ge C, Bohrerova Z, Grewal PS, Lee J. Enhancing plant productivity while suppressing biofilm growth in a windowfarm system using beneficial bacteria and ultraviolet irradiation. Can J Microbiol 2015; 61:457-66. [PMID: 25996177 DOI: 10.1139/cjm-2015-0024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2023]
Abstract
Common problems in a windowfarm system (a vertical and indoor hydroponic system) are phytopathogen infections in plants and excessive buildup of biofilms. The objectives of this study were (i) to promote plant health by making plants more resistant to infection by using beneficial biosurfactant-producing Pseudomonas chlororaphis around the roots and (ii) to minimize biofilm buildup by ultraviolet (UV) irradiation of the water reservoir, thereby extending the lifespan of the whole system with minimal maintenance. Pseudomonas chlororaphis-treated lettuce grew significantly better than nontreated lettuce, as indicated by enhancement of color, mass, length, and number of leaves per head (p < 0.05). The death rate of the lettuce was reduced by ∼ 50% when the lettuce was treated with P. chlororaphis. UV irradiation reduced the bacteria (4 log reduction) and algae (4 log reduction) in the water reservoirs and water tubing systems. Introduction of P. chlororaphis into the system promoted plant growth and reduced damage caused by the plant pathogen Pythium ultimum. UV irradiation of the water reservoir reduced algal and biofilm growth and extended the lifespan of the system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seungjun Lee
- a Environmental Science and Graduate Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Chongtao Ge
- b Department of Food Science and Technology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Zuzana Bohrerova
- c Department of Civil, Environmental and Geodetic Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Parwinder S Grewal
- d Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Jiyoung Lee
- a Environmental Science and Graduate Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- b Department of Food Science and Technology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- e College of Public Health, Division of Environmental Health Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
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Montgomery NL, Banerjee P. Inactivation of Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Listeria monocytogenes in biofilms by pulsed ultraviolet light. BMC Res Notes 2015; 8:235. [PMID: 26054759 PMCID: PMC4467610 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-015-1206-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2015] [Accepted: 05/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The inactivation of biofilms formed by pathogenic bacteria on ready-to-eat and minimally processed fruits and vegetables by nonthermal processing methods is critical to ensure food safety. Pulsed ultraviolet (PUV) light has shown promise in the surface decontamination of liquid, powdered, and solid foods. In this study, the antimicrobial efficacy of PUV light treatment on nascent biofilms formed by Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Listeria monocytogenes on the surfaces of food packaging materials, such as low-density polyethylene (LDPE), and fresh produce, such as lettuce (Lactuca sativa) leaves, was investigated. RESULTS The formation of biofilms on Romaine lettuce leaves and LDPE films was confirmed by crystal violet and Alcian blue staining methods. Inactivation of cells in the biofilm was determined by standard plating procedures, and by a luminescence-based bacterial cell viability assay. Upon PUV treatment of 10 s at two different light source to sample distances (4.5 and 8.8 cm), viable cell counts of L. monocytogenes and E. coli O157:H7 in biofilms on the lettuce surface were reduced by 0.6-2.2 log CFU mL(-1) and 1.1-3.8 log CFU mL(-1), respectively. On the LDPE surface, the efficiency of inactivation of biofilm-encased cells was slightly higher. The maximum values for microbial reduction on LDPE were 2.7 log CFU mL(-1) and 3.9 log CFU mL(-1) for L. monocytogenes and E. coli O157:H7, respectively. Increasing the duration of PUV light exposure resulted in a significant (P < 0.05) reduction in biofilm formation by both organisms. The results also revealed that PUV treatment was more effective at reducing E. coli biofilms compared with Listeria biofilms. A moderate increase in temperature (~7-15°C) was observed for both test materials. CONCLUSIONS PUV is an effective nonthermal intervention method for surface decontamination of E. coli O157:H7 and L. monocytogenes on fresh produce and packaging materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nedra L Montgomery
- Department of Food and Animal Sciences, Alabama A&M University, Huntsville, AL, 35762, USA.
- General Mills, Inc., Golden Valley, MN, USA.
| | - Pratik Banerjee
- Department of Food and Animal Sciences, Alabama A&M University, Huntsville, AL, 35762, USA.
- Division of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Environmental Health Science, School of Public Health, The University of Memphis, Memphis, TN, 38152, USA.
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Wargent JJ, Nelson BCW, McGhie TK, Barnes PW. Acclimation to UV-B radiation and visible light in Lactuca sativa involves up-regulation of photosynthetic performance and orchestration of metabolome-wide responses. Plant Cell Environ 2015; 38:929-40. [PMID: 24945714 DOI: 10.1111/pce.12392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2013] [Revised: 06/03/2014] [Accepted: 06/04/2014] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
UV-B radiation is often viewed as a source of stress for higher plants. In particular, photosynthetic function has been described as a common target for UV-B impairment; yet as our understanding of UV-B photomorphogenesis increases, there are opportunities to expand the emerging paradigm of regulatory UV response. Lactuca sativa is an important dietary crop species and is often subjected to rapid sunlight exposure at field transfer. Acclimation to UV-B and visible light conditions in L. sativa was dissected using gas exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence measurements, in addition to non-destructive assessments of UV epidermal shielding (SUV ). After UV-B treatment, seedlings were subjected to wide-range metabolomic analysis using liquid chromatography hybrid quadrupole time-of-flight high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-QTOF-HRMS). During the acclimation period, net photosynthetic rate increased in UV-treated plants, epidermal UV shielding increased in both subsets of plants transferred to the acclimatory conditions (UV+/UV- plants) and Fv /Fm declined slightly in UV+/UV- plants. Metabolomic analysis revealed that a key group of secondary compounds was up-regulated by higher light conditions, yet several of these compounds were elevated further by UV-B radiation. In conclusion, acclimation to UV-B radiation involves co-protection from the effects of visible light, and responses to UV-B radiation at a photosynthetic level may not be consistently viewed as damaging to plant development.
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Affiliation(s)
- J J Wargent
- Institute of Agriculture & Environment, Massey University, Palmerston North, 4410, New Zealand
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37
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Jishi T, Matsuda R, Fujiwara K. A kinetic model for estimating net photosynthetic rates of cos lettuce leaves under pulsed light. Photosynth Res 2015; 124:107-16. [PMID: 25736464 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-015-0107-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2014] [Accepted: 02/19/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Time-averaged net photosynthetic rate (P n) under pulsed light (PL) is known to be affected by the PL frequency and duty ratio, even though the time-averaged photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) is unchanged. This phenomenon can be explained by considering that photosynthetic intermediates (PIs) are pooled during light periods and then consumed by partial photosynthetic reactions during dark periods. In this study, we developed a kinetic model to estimate P n of cos lettuce (Lactuca sativa L. var. longifolia) leaves under PL based on the dynamics of the amount of pooled PIs. The model inputs are average PPFD, duty ratio, and frequency; the output is P n. The rates of both PI accumulation and consumption at a given moment are assumed to be dependent on the amount of pooled PIs at that point. Required model parameters and three explanatory variables (average PPFD, frequency, and duty ratio) were determined for the simulation using P n values under PL based on several combinations of the three variables. The model simulation for various PL levels with a wide range of time-averaged PPFDs, frequencies, and duty ratios further demonstrated that P n under PL with high frequencies and duty ratios was comparable to, but did not exceed, P n under continuous light, and also showed that P n under PL decreased as either frequency or duty ratio was decreased. The developed model can be used to estimate P n under various light environments where PPFD changes cyclically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiro Jishi
- Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan,
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Liu JD, Goodspeed D, Sheng Z, Li B, Yang Y, Kliebenstein DJ, Braam J. Keeping the rhythm: light/dark cycles during postharvest storage preserve the tissue integrity and nutritional content of leafy plants. BMC Plant Biol 2015; 15:92. [PMID: 25879637 PMCID: PMC4396971 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-015-0474-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2015] [Accepted: 03/16/2015] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The modular body structure of plants enables detached plant organs, such as postharvest fruits and vegetables, to maintain active responsiveness to environmental stimuli, including daily cycles of light and darkness. Twenty-four hour light/darkness cycles entrain plant circadian clock rhythms, which provide advantage to plants. Here, we tested whether green leafy vegetables gain longevity advantage by being stored under light/dark cycles designed to maintain biological rhythms. RESULTS Light/dark cycles during postharvest storage improved several aspects of plant tissue performance comparable to that provided by refrigeration. Tissue integrity, green coloration, and chlorophyll content were generally enhanced by cycling of light and darkness compared to constant light or darkness during storage. In addition, the levels of the phytonutrient glucosinolates in kale and cabbage remained at higher levels over time when the leaf tissue was stored under light/dark cycles. CONCLUSIONS Maintenance of the daily cycling of light and dark periods during postharvest storage may slow the decline of plant tissues, such as green leafy vegetables, improving not only appearance but also the health value of the crops through the maintenance of chlorophyll and phytochemical content after harvest.
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Affiliation(s)
- John D Liu
- Department of BioSciences, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA.
| | - Danielle Goodspeed
- Department of BioSciences, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA.
- Current Address: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
| | - Zhengji Sheng
- Department of BioSciences, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA.
| | - Baohua Li
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.
| | - Yiran Yang
- Department of BioSciences, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA.
| | - Daniel J Kliebenstein
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.
- DynaMo Centre of Excellence, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871, Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
| | - Janet Braam
- Department of BioSciences, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA.
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Becker C, Klaering HP, Schreiner M, Kroh L, Krumbein A. Unlike quercetin glycosides, cyanidin glycoside in red leaf lettuce responds more sensitively to increasing low radiation intensity before than after head formation has started. J Agric Food Chem 2014; 62:6911-7. [PMID: 24382136 PMCID: PMC4110108 DOI: 10.1021/jf404782n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2013] [Revised: 12/31/2013] [Accepted: 01/01/2014] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the effect of low-level photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD; 43-230 μmol m(-2) s(-1)) on the major phenolic compounds of red leaf lettuce in three growth stages, before, during, and after head formation, using HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS(2) and evaluating via multiple regression analysis. Generally, the light-related increase of flavonoid glycosides was structure and growth stage-dependent. In detail, an interaction was detected between plant age and PPFD regarding cyanidin-3-O-(6"-O-malonyl)-glucoside concentration: the increase was strongest before head formation. The relationship between PPFD and quercetin-3-O-(6"-O-malonyl)-glucoside concentration was linear, whereas the increase of quercetin-3-O-glucoside and -3-O-glucuronide concentrations abated with increasing PPFD. Independent of growth stage, the caffeic acid derivatives concentration was not related to PPFD. All major phenolic compounds decreased with plant age. These results show the differential regulation of cyanidin, quercetin, and caffeic acid derivatives in lettuce, although closely connected biosynthetically, and emphasize the importance of ontogeny in the study of plant physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Becker
- Leibniz Institute
for Vegetable and Ornamental Crops Grossbeeren/Erfurt e.V., Theodor-Echtermeyer-Weg 1, 14979 Grossbeeren, Germany
| | - Hans-Peter Klaering
- Leibniz Institute
for Vegetable and Ornamental Crops Grossbeeren/Erfurt e.V., Theodor-Echtermeyer-Weg 1, 14979 Grossbeeren, Germany
| | - Monika Schreiner
- Leibniz Institute
for Vegetable and Ornamental Crops Grossbeeren/Erfurt e.V., Theodor-Echtermeyer-Weg 1, 14979 Grossbeeren, Germany
| | - Lothar
W. Kroh
- Institute
of Food
Technology and Food Chemistry, Berlin University of Technology, Gustav-Meyer-Allee 25, 13355 Berlin, Germany
| | - Angelika Krumbein
- Leibniz Institute
for Vegetable and Ornamental Crops Grossbeeren/Erfurt e.V., Theodor-Echtermeyer-Weg 1, 14979 Grossbeeren, Germany
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Chen XL, Guo WZ, Xue XZ, Mmanake Beauty M. [Effects of LED spectrum combinations on the absorption of mineral elements of hydroponic lettuce]. Guang Pu Xue Yu Guang Pu Fen Xi 2014; 34:1394-7. [PMID: 25095445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Lettuce (Lactuca sativa) was hydroponically cultured in a completely enclosed plant factory, in which spectrum proportion-adjustable LED panels were used as sole light source for plant growth. Absorption and content of eleven mineral elements such as K, P, Ca, Mg, Na, Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, B and Mo in Lactuca sativa under different spectral component conditions were studied by ICP -AES technology. The results showed that: (1) Single or combined spectrums corresponding to the absorbing peaks of chlorophyll a and b (450, 660 nm) could enhance the absorbing ability of roots especially for mineral elements Na, Fe, Mn, Cu and Mo, the single red spectrum had the most significant promoting effect under which contents of those four elements were respectively 7. 8, 4. 2, 4. 0 and 3. 7 times more than that under FL; (2) Absorption of K and B was the highest under FL which was 10. 309 mg g-1 and 32. 6 microg g-1 while the values decreased significantly under single or combined spectrum of red and blue; (3) Plants grown under single blue spectrum had the lowest absorption of Ca and Mg which respectively decreased by 35% and 33% than FL; (4) Lettuce grown under the spectrum combination of 30% blue and 70% red had the highest accumulations of biomass while those grown under 20% blue and 80% red had the highest accumulations of the following seven elements Ca, Mg, Na, Fe, Mn, Zn and B. The results provided theoretical basis for adjusting nutrient solution formula and selecting light spectrum of hydroponic lettuce.
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Muneer S, Kim EJ, Park JS, Lee JH. Influence of green, red and blue light emitting diodes on multiprotein complex proteins and photosynthetic activity under different light intensities in lettuce leaves (Lactuca sativa L.). Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:4657-70. [PMID: 24642884 PMCID: PMC3975419 DOI: 10.3390/ijms15034657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2014] [Revised: 02/28/2014] [Accepted: 03/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the response of light emitting diodes (LEDs) at different light intensities (70 and 80 for green LEDs, 88 and 238 for red LEDs and 80 and 238 μmol m-2 s-1 for blue LEDs) at three wavelengths in lettuce leaves. Lettuce leaves were exposed to (522 nm), red (639 nm) and blue (470 nm) LEDs of different light intensities. Thylakoid multiprotein complex proteins and photosynthetic metabolism were then investigated. Biomass and photosynthetic parameters increased with an increasing light intensity under blue LED illumination and decreased when illuminated with red and green LEDs with decreased light intensity. The expression of multiprotein complex proteins including PSII-core dimer and PSII-core monomer using blue LEDs illumination was higher at higher light intensity (238 μmol m-2 s-1) and was lowered with decreased light intensity (70-80 μmol m-2 s-1). The responses of chloroplast sub-compartment proteins, including those active in stomatal opening and closing, and leaf physiological responses at different light intensities, indicated induced growth enhancement upon illumination with blue LEDs. High intensity blue LEDs promote plant growth by controlling the integrity of chloroplast proteins that optimize photosynthetic performance in the natural environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sowbiya Muneer
- Department of Horticulture, College of Agricultural Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, 300 Young Bong-Dong Buk-Gu, Gwangju, 500-757, Korea.
| | - Eun Jeong Kim
- Department of Horticulture, College of Agricultural Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, 300 Young Bong-Dong Buk-Gu, Gwangju, 500-757, Korea.
| | - Jeong Suk Park
- Department of Horticulture, College of Agricultural Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, 300 Young Bong-Dong Buk-Gu, Gwangju, 500-757, Korea.
| | - Jeong Hyun Lee
- Department of Horticulture, College of Agricultural Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, 300 Young Bong-Dong Buk-Gu, Gwangju, 500-757, Korea.
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Lee MJ, Son JE, Oh MM. Growth and phenolic compounds of Lactuca sativa L. grown in a closed-type plant production system with UV-A, -B, or -C lamp. J Sci Food Agric 2014; 94:197-204. [PMID: 23670268 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.6227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2013] [Revised: 05/06/2013] [Accepted: 05/13/2013] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The production of high-quality crops based on phytochemicals is a strategy for accelerating the practical use of plant factories. Previous studies have demonstrated that ultraviolet (UV) light is effective in improving phytochemical production. This study aimed to determine the effect of various UV wavelengths on growth and phenolic compound accumulation in lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) grown in a closed-type plant production system. RESULTS Seven days, 1 day and 0.25 day were determined as the upper limit of the irradiation periods for UV-A, -B, and -C, respectively, in the lettuce based on physiological disorders and the fluorescence parameter F(v)/F(m). Continuous UV-A treatment significantly induced the accumulation of phenolic compounds and antioxidants until 4 days of treatment without growth inhibition, consistent with an increase in phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) gene expression and PAL activity. Repeated or gradual UV-B exposure yielded approximately 1.4-3.6 times more total phenolics and antioxidants, respectively, than the controls did 2 days after the treatments, although both treatments inhibited lettuce growth. Repeated UV-C exposure increased phenolics but severely inhibited the growth of lettuce plants. CONCLUSION Our data suggest that UV irradiation can improve the accumulation of phenolic compounds with antioxidant properties in lettuce cultivated in plant factories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Jeong Lee
- Department of Horticultural Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, 361-763, South Korea
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Pérez-López U, Miranda-Apodaca J, Muñoz-Rueda A, Mena-Petite A. Lettuce production and antioxidant capacity are differentially modified by salt stress and light intensity under ambient and elevated CO2. J Plant Physiol 2013; 170:1517-25. [PMID: 23838124 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2013.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2013] [Revised: 06/07/2013] [Accepted: 06/10/2013] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
As a consequence of the increasing importance of vegetables in the human diet, there is an interest in enhancing both the productivity and quality of vegetables. A number of factors, including plant genotype and environmental growing conditions, can impact the production and quality of vegetables. The objective of this study was to determine whether elevated CO2, salinity, or high light treatments assayed individually, or salinity or high light in combination with elevated CO2, increased biomass production and antioxidant capacity in two lettuce cultivars. Elevated CO2 and its combination with salinity or high light increased biomass production in both cultivars, while high light treatment alone increased production in green-leaf lettuce but not in red-leaf lettuce. On the other hand, elevated CO2 and its combination with salinity or high light increased the antioxidant capacity of both cultivars, while high light treatment alone increased the antioxidant capacity of red-leaf lettuce, but not of green-leaf lettuce.
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Key Words
- A
- A/gs
- ACF
- ACP
- Antioxidant capacity
- Blonde of Paris Batavia
- CAC
- CEC
- DAS
- DW
- Elevated CO(2)
- FW
- GVA
- HLAC
- HLEC
- High light
- OL
- PAR
- PB
- Production
- QY
- SAC
- SEC
- Salinity
- WC
- actual photochemical efficiency of photosystem II
- antioxidant capacity on a per-gram fresh weight basis
- antioxidant capacity on a plant-by-plant basis
- apparent quantum yield
- control plants grown at ambient CO(2), 400 PAR, and 0mM NaCl
- days after sowing
- dry weight
- fresh weight
- graphical vector analysis
- gs
- intrinsic water use efficiency
- oak leaf
- photosynthetic active radiation
- photosynthetic rate
- plants grown at ambient CO(2), 400 PAR, and 200mM NaCl
- plants grown at ambient CO(2), 700 PAR, and 0mM NaCl
- plants grown at elevated CO(2), 400 PAR, and 0mM NaCl
- plants grown at elevated CO(2), 400 PAR, and 200mM NaCl
- plants grown at elevated CO(2), 700 PAR, and 0mM NaCl
- stomatal conductance
- water content
- Φ(PSII)
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Affiliation(s)
- Usue Pérez-López
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Facultad de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad del País Vasco, UPV/EHU, Apdo. 644, E-48080 Bilbao, Spain.
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Becker C, Kläring HP, Kroh LW, Krumbein A. Temporary reduction of radiation does not permanently reduce flavonoid glycosides and phenolic acids in red lettuce. Plant Physiol Biochem 2013; 72:154-60. [PMID: 23735845 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2013.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2012] [Accepted: 05/09/2013] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Applying transparent daytime screens in greenhouses in cool seasons reduces the amount of energy needed for heating, but also the solar radiation available for crops. This can reduce yield and product quality of leafy vegetables because of constrained photosynthesis and altered biosynthesis. To study this, we cultivated five-week old red leaf lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) for four weeks in growth chambers under a photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) of 225 and 410 μmol m(-2) s(-1), respectively. Some plants were exchanged between radiation intensities after two weeks. We investigated the concentration of five flavonoid glycosides, three caffeic acid derivatives, reducing sugars as well as plant growth. Remarkably, no significant influence of radiation intensity on the concentration of phenolic acids or anthocyanin glycosides was observed. In contrast, quercetin and luteolin glycoside concentration was between 14 and 34% lower in plants growing under lower compared to higher PPFD. Already after two weeks of cultivation, plants grown under lower PPFD contained less quercetin and luteolin glycosides but they completely compensated if subsequently transferred to higher PPFD until harvest. Hence, marketable lettuce heads which experienced temporary shading followed by an unshaded phase did not contain lower concentrations of flavonoid glycosides or phenolic acids. Also, there was no reduction of head mass in this variant. Our results suggest that saving energy in early growth stages is feasible without losses in yield or health promoting phenolic substances. In addition, there was a close correlation between the concentration of reducing sugars and some flavonoid glycosides, indicating a close metabolic connection between their biosynthesis and the availability of carbohydrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Becker
- Leibniz Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops Grossbeeren/Erfurt e.V., Theodor-Echtermeyer-Weg 1, 14979 Grossbeeren, Germany.
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Samuolienė G, Brazaitytė A, Sirtautas R, Viršilė A, Sakalauskaitė J, Sakalauskienė S, Duchovskis P. LED illumination affects bioactive compounds in romaine baby leaf lettuce. J Sci Food Agric 2013; 93:3286-91. [PMID: 23584932 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.6173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2012] [Revised: 03/29/2013] [Accepted: 04/12/2013] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effect of light quality on phytochemicals in romaine baby leaf lettuce 'Thumper' was investigated in (I) a closed environment and (II, III) a greenhouse (16 h, 21/17 °C): (I) basal (638, 455, 660, 735 nm) LEDs supplemented with UV (380 nm), green (510 nm), yellow (595 nm) or orange (622 nm) LEDs (PPFD of ∼175 µmol m(-2) s(-1) ); (II) high-pressure sodium (HPS) lamps (90 µmol m(-2) s(-1) ) supplemented with blue (455, 470nm) or green (505, 530nm) LEDs (30 µmol m(-2) s(-1) ); (III) at 3 days before harvesting, HPS lamps (90 µmol m(-2) s(-1) ) supplemented with red (638 nm) LEDs (210 µmol m(-2) s(-1) ). RESULTS (I) Supplemental UV or orange light enhanced phenolic compounds, supplemental UV or green light enhanced α-carotene, and supplemental green light enhanced anthocyanins. All supplemental LED colours had a negative effect on tocopherol and ascorbic acid levels. (II) HPS lighting supplemented with different LEDs was not efficient, since the increase in some compounds did not compensate the decrease in major tested phytochemicals. (III) Short-term irradiation with supplemental 638 nm LEDs before harvesting in the greenhouse did not have a significant effect on phytochemical contents, apart from enhancing tocopherols. CONCLUSION Wavelength control using LED technology affects the production of secondary metabolites, as the metabolism of many nutrients is light-dependent. The narrow-bandwidth supplemental light effects were diminished by broader-spectrum HPS light or natural daylight in the greenhouse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giedrė Samuolienė
- Institute of Horticulture, Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry, Kaunas Str. 30, LT-54333, Babtai, Kaunas, Lithuania
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Birmpa A, Sfika V, Vantarakis A. Ultraviolet light and ultrasound as non-thermal treatments for the inactivation of microorganisms in fresh ready-to-eat foods. Int J Food Microbiol 2013; 167:96-102. [PMID: 23827815 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2013.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2012] [Revised: 06/04/2013] [Accepted: 06/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The effects of two non thermal disinfection processes, Ultraviolet light (UV 254 nm) and Ultrasound (US) on the inactivation of bacteria and color in two freshly cut produces (lettuce and strawberry) were investigated. The main scope of this work was to study the efficacy of UV and US on the decontamination of inoculated lettuce and strawberries with a cocktail of four bacteria, Escherichia coli, Listeria innocua, Salmonella Enteritidis and Staphylococcus aureus. Treatment of lettuce with UV reduced significantly the population of E. coli, L. innocua, S. Enteritidis and S. aureus by 1.75, 1.27, 1.39 and 1.21 log CFU/g, respectively. Furthermore, more than a 2-log CFU/g reduction of E. coli and S. Enteritidis was achieved with US. In strawberries, UV treatment reduced bacteria only by 1-1.4 log CFU/g. The maximum reductions of microorganisms, observed in strawberries after treatment with US, were 3.04, 2.41, 5.52 and 6.12 log CFU/g for E. coli, S. aureus, S. Enteritidis and L. innocua, respectively. Treatment with UV and US, for time periods (up to 45 min) did not significantly (p>0.05) change the color of lettuce or strawberry. Treatment with UV and US reduced the numbers of selected inoculated bacteria on lettuce and strawberries, which could be good alternatives to other traditional and commonly used technologies such as chlorine and hydrogen peroxide solutions for fresh produce industry. These results suggest that UV and US might be promising, non-thermal and environmental friendly disinfection technologies for freshly cut produce.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angeliki Birmpa
- Environmental Microbiology Unit, Department of Public Health, Medical School, University of Patras, 26504, Greece
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Kim YH, Jeong SG, Back KH, Park KH, Chung MS, Kang DH. Effect of various conditions on inactivation of Escherichia coli O157:H7, Salmonella Typhimurium, and Listeria monocytogenes in fresh-cut lettuce using ultraviolet radiation. Int J Food Microbiol 2013; 166:349-55. [PMID: 24021819 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2013.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2012] [Revised: 08/05/2013] [Accepted: 08/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The effect of various conditions on inactivation of foodborne pathogens and quality of fresh-cut lettuce during ultraviolet (254 nm, UVC) radiation was investigated. Lettuce was inoculated with a cocktail of Escherichia coli O157:H7, Salmonella Typhimurium, and Listeria monocytogenes and treated at different temperatures (4 and 25 °C), distances between sample and lamp (10 and 50 cm), type of exposure (illuminated from one or two sides), UV intensities (1.36 to 6.80 mW/cm²), and exposure times (0.5 to 10 min), sequentially. UV treatment at 25 °C for 1 min achieved 1.45-, 1.35-, and 2.12-log reductions in surface-inoculated E. coli O157:H7, S. Typhimurium, and L. monocytogenes, respectively, whereas the reduction of these pathogens at 4 °C was 0.31, 0.57, and 1.16 log, respectively. UV radiation was most effective when distance from UV lamp to the sample was minimal (10 cm) and radiation area was maximal (two-sided exposure). All UV intensities significantly (P<0.05) reduced the three pathogens after 10 min exposure, but the effect of treatment was correlated with UV intensity and exposure time. Color values and texture parameters of lettuce subjected to UV treatment under the optimum conditions (25 °C, 10 cm between sample and lamp, two-sided exposure, 6.80 mW/cm²) were not significantly (P>0.05) different from those of nontreated samples up to 5 min exposure. However, these qualities significantly (P<0.05) changed at prolonged treatment time. These results suggest that UV radiation under optimized conditions could reduce foodborne pathogens without adversely affecting color quality properties of fresh-cut lettuce.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoon-Hee Kim
- Department of Food and Animal Biotechnology, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Center for Food and Bioconvergence, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921, Republic of Korea
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Kreslavski VD, Lyubimov VY, Shirshikova GN, Shmarev AN, Kosobryukhov AA, Schmitt FJ, Friedrich T, Allakhverdiev SI. Preillumination of lettuce seedlings with red light enhances the resistance of photosynthetic apparatus to UV-A. J Photochem Photobiol B 2013; 122:1-6. [PMID: 23548435 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2013.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2013] [Revised: 02/22/2013] [Accepted: 02/25/2013] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Seedlings of 10-day-old lettuce (Lactuca sativa L., cultivar Berlin) were preilluminated by low intensity red light (λmax=660 nm, 10 min, 5 μmol quanta m(-2) s(-1)) and far-red light (λmax=730 nm, 10 min, 5 μmol quanta m(-2) s(-1)) to study the effect of pre-treatment on photosynthesis, photochemical activity of photosystem II (PSII), the contents of photosynthetic and UV-A-absorbing pigments (UAPs) and H2O2, as well as total and ascorbate peroxidase activities in cotyledonary leaves of seedlings exposed to UV-A. UV radiation reduced the photosynthetic rate (Pn), the activity of PSII, and the contents of Chl a and b, carotenoids and UAPs in the leaves, but increased the content of H2O2 and the total peroxidase activity. Preillumination with red light removed these effects of UV. In turn, the illumination with red light, then far-red light removed the effect of the red light. Illumination with red light alone increased the content of UAPs, as well as peroxidase activity. It is suggested that higher resistance of the lettuce photosynthetic apparatus to UV-A radiation is associated with involvement of the active form of phytochrome B, thereby increasing peroxidase activities as well as UAPs and saving preservation of photosynthetic pigment contents due to pre-illumination with red light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir D Kreslavski
- Institute of Basic Biological Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow Region 142290, Russia.
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Abstract
UNLABELLED Abstract Purpose: The objectives of this study were to determine the effects of gamma radiation on lettuce growth and development, as well as on the content of photosynthetic pigments in 28 days lettuce leaf. MATERIALS AND METHODS Lettuce dry seeds were exposed to a (60)Co [Cobalt-60] gamma source at doses ranging from 2-70 Gray (Gy). The photosynthetic pigment content was determined spectrophotometrically. RESULTS Our results showed that an irradiation dose between of 2-30 Gy enhanced the growth parameters (final germination percentage, germination index, root and hypocotyl length) as compared to untreated plants. Seed germination test revealed that 30 Gy irradiation dose induced the highest increase of growth parameters, while at 70 Gy a significant decrease of plant vegetative growth was recorded. The results indicated that exposing the seeds at doses ranging from 2-30 Gy enhanced the photosynthetic pigments (chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, carotenoids) content, while at higher doses (70 Gy)) the decrease of the assimilatory pigments was noticed. CONCLUSION The present results suggested that seed treatment with gamma radiations (0-30 Gy) was effective in stimulating plant growth and development, as well as the content of assimilatory pigments. At a higher dose of 70 Gy, there was a drastic reduction in the length of shoots and roots and also in the total chlorophyll content. These observations confirm that ionizing radiation stimulates physiological parameters up to certain low doses, and then it inhibits these parameters at higher doses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delia Marcu
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Babeş-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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Zhan L, Hu J, Ai Z, Pang L, Li Y, Zhu M. Light exposure during storage preserving soluble sugar and l-ascorbic acid content of minimally processed romaine lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.var. longifolia). Food Chem 2013; 136:273-8. [PMID: 23017423 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.07.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2012] [Revised: 07/28/2012] [Accepted: 07/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Minimally processed romaine lettuce (MPRL) leaves were stored in light condition (2500lux) or darkness at 4°C for 7d. Light exposure significantly delayed the degradation of chlorophyll and decrease of glucose, reducing sugar, and sucrose content, and thus preserved more total soluble solid (TSS) content at the end of storage in comparison with darkness. While, it did not influenced starch content that progressively decreased over time. The l-ascorbic acid (AA) accumulated in light-stored leaves, but deteriorated in dark-stored leaves during storage. The dehydroascorbic acid (DHA) increased in all leaves stored in both light and dark condition, of which light condition resulted in less DHA than darkness. In addition, the fresh weight loss and dry matter significantly increased and these increases were accelerated by light exposure. Conclusively, light exposure in applied intensity effectively alleviated MPRL quality deterioration by delaying the decreases of pigments, soluble sugar, TSS content and accumulating AA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Zhan
- College of Food Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China.
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