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Maldonado-Taipe N, Rey E, Tester M, Jung C, Emrani N. Leaf and shoot apical meristem transcriptomes of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) in response to photoperiod and plant development. Plant Cell Environ 2024; 47:2027-2043. [PMID: 38391415 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Understanding the regulation of flowering time is crucial for adaptation of crops to new environment. In this study, we examined the timing of floral transition and analysed transcriptomes in leaf and shoot apical meristems of photoperiod-sensitive and -insensitive quinoa accessions. Histological analysis showed that floral transition in quinoa initiates 2-3 weeks after sowing. We found four groups of differentially expressed genes in quinoa genome that responded to plant development and floral transition: (i) 222 genes responsive to photoperiod in leaves, (ii) 1812 genes differentially expressed between accessions under long-day conditions in leaves, (iii) 57 genes responding to developmental changes under short-day conditions in leaves and (iv) 911 genes responding to floral transition within the shoot apical meristem. Interestingly, among numerous candidate genes, two putative FT orthologs together with other genes (e.g. SOC1, COL, AP1) were previously reported as key regulators of flowering time in other species. Additionally, we used coexpression networks to associate novel transcripts to a putative biological process based on the annotated genes within the same coexpression cluster. The candidate genes in this study would benefit quinoa breeding by identifying and integrating their beneficial haplotypes in crossing programs to develop adapted cultivars to diverse environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elodie Rey
- Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mark Tester
- Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Christian Jung
- Plant Breeding Institute, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Nazgol Emrani
- Plant Breeding Institute, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
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2
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Corrêa A, Ferrol N, Cruz C. Testing the trade-balance model: resource stoichiometry does not sufficiently explain AM effects. New Phytol 2024; 242:1561-1575. [PMID: 38009528 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Variations in arbuscular mycorrhizae (AM) effects on plant growth (MGR) are commonly assumed to result from cost : benefit balances, with C as the cost and, most frequently, P as the benefit. The trade-balance model (TBM) adopts these assumptions and hypothesizes that mycorrhizal benefit depends on C : N : P stoichiometry. Although widely accepted, the TBM has not been experimentally tested. We isolated the parameters included in the TBM and tested these assumptions using it as framework. Oryza sativa plants were supplied with different N : P ratios at low light level, establishing different C : P and C : N exchange rates, and C, N or P limitation. MGR and effects on nutrient uptake, %M, ERM, photosynthesis and shoot starch were measured. C distribution to AM fungi played no role in MGR, and N was essential for all AM effects, including on P nutrition. C distribution to AM and MGR varied with the limiting nutrient (N or P), and evidence of extensive interplay between N and P was observed. The TBM was not confirmed. The results agreed with the exchange of surplus resources and source-sink regulation of resource distribution among plants and AMF. Rather than depending on exchange rates, resource exchange may simply obey both symbiont needs, not requiring further regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Corrêa
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Nuria Ferrol
- Department of Soil and Plant Microbiology, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, CSIC, 18008, Granada, Spain
| | - Cristina Cruz
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016, Lisboa, Portugal
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3
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Ngidi A, Shimelis H, Abady S, Figlan S, Chaplot V. Response of Sorghum bicolor genotypes for yield and yield components and organic carbon storage in the shoot and root systems. Sci Rep 2024; 14:9499. [PMID: 38664438 PMCID: PMC11045799 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-59956-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Sorghum is a vital food and feed crop in the world's dry regions. Developing sorghum cultivars with high biomass production and carbon sequestration can contribute to soil health and crop productivity. The objective of this study was to assess agronomic performance, biomass production and carbon accumulation in selected sorghum genotypes for production and breeding. Fifty sorghum genotypes were evaluated at three locations (Silverton, Ukulinga, and Bethlehem) in South Africa during 2022 and 2023 growing seasons. Significant genotype × location (p < 0.05) interactions were detected for days to 50% heading (DTH), days to 50% maturity (DTM), plant height (PH), total plant biomass (PB), shoot biomass (SB), root biomass (RB), root-to-shoot biomass ratio (RS), and grain yield (GY). The highest GY was recorded for genotypes AS115 (25.08 g plant-1), AS251 (21.83 g plant-1), and AS134 (21.42 g plant-1). Genotypes AS122 and AS27 ranked first and second, respectively, for all the carbon stock parameters except for root carbon stock (RCs), whereas genotype AS108 had the highest RCs of 8.87 g plant-1. The principal component analysis identified GY, DTH, PH, PB, SB, RB, RCs, RCs/SCs, total plant carbon stock (PCs), shoot carbon stock (SCs), and grain carbon stock (GCs) as the most discriminated traits among the test genotypes. The cluster analysis using agronomic and carbon-related parameters delineated the test genotypes into three genetic groups, indicating marked genetic diversity for cultivar development and enhanced C storage and sustainable sorghum production. The selected sorghum genotypes are recommended for further breeding and variety release adapted to various agroecologies in South Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asande Ngidi
- African Centre for Crop Improvement, School of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville, Pietermaritzburg, 3209, South Africa
| | - Hussein Shimelis
- African Centre for Crop Improvement, School of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville, Pietermaritzburg, 3209, South Africa
| | - Seltene Abady
- African Centre for Crop Improvement, School of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville, Pietermaritzburg, 3209, South Africa
| | - Sandiswa Figlan
- Department of Agriculture and Animal Health, University of South Africa, Florida, 1709, South Africa.
| | - Vincent Chaplot
- School of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville, Pietermaritzburg, 3209, South Africa
- Laboratory of Oceanography and Climate, Experiments and Numerical Approaches (LOCEAN), UMR 7159, IRD/C NRS/UPMC/MNHN, IPSL, 75005, Paris, France
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Cheng Y, Cheng L, Hu G, Guo X, Lan Y. Auxin and CmAP1 regulate the reproductive development of axillary buds in Chinese chestnut (Castanea mollissima). Plant Cell Rep 2023; 42:287-296. [PMID: 36528704 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-022-02956-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Auxin accumulation upregulates the expression of APETALA1 (CmAP1) and subsequently activates inflorescence primordium development in axillary buds of chestnut. The architecture of fruiting branches is a key determinant of chestnut yield. Normally, axillary buds at the top of mother fruiting branches develop into flowering shoots and bear fruits, and the lower axillary buds develop into vegetative shoots. Decapitation of the upper axillary buds induces the lower buds to develop into flowering shoots. How decapitation modulates the tradeoff between vegetative and reproductive development is unclear. We detected inflorescence primordia within both upper and lower axillary buds on mother fruiting branches. The level of the phytohormones 3-indoleacetic acid (IAA) and trans-zeatin (tZ) increased in the lower axillary buds in response to decapitation. Exogenous application of the synthetic analogues 1-naphthylacetic acid (NAA) or 6-benzyladenine (6-BA) blocked or promoted, respectively, the development of the inflorescence primordia in axillary buds. The transcript levels of the floral identity gene CmAP1 increased in axillary buds following decapitation. An auxin response element TGA-box is present in the CmAP1 promoter and influenced the CmAP1 promoter-driven expression of β-glucuronidase (GUS) in floral organs in Arabidopsis, suggesting that CmAP1 is induced by auxin. We propose that decapitation releases axillary bud outgrowth from inhibition caused by apical dominance. During this process, decapitation-induced accumulation of auxin induces CmAP1 expression, subsequently promoting the reproductive development of axillary buds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunhe Cheng
- Engineering and Technology Research Center for Chestnut of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China) of Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing Engineering Research Center for Deciduous Fruit Trees, Institute of Forestry and Pomology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Ruiwangfeng No. 12, Haidian, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Lili Cheng
- Engineering and Technology Research Center for Chestnut of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China) of Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing Engineering Research Center for Deciduous Fruit Trees, Institute of Forestry and Pomology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Ruiwangfeng No. 12, Haidian, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Guanglong Hu
- Engineering and Technology Research Center for Chestnut of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China) of Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing Engineering Research Center for Deciduous Fruit Trees, Institute of Forestry and Pomology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Ruiwangfeng No. 12, Haidian, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Xiaomeng Guo
- College of Forestry, Shenyang Agriculture University, Shenyang, 110866, Liaoning, China
| | - Yanping Lan
- Engineering and Technology Research Center for Chestnut of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China) of Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing Engineering Research Center for Deciduous Fruit Trees, Institute of Forestry and Pomology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Ruiwangfeng No. 12, Haidian, Beijing, 100093, China.
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Lee K, Won JH, Seo PJ. Overexpression of the WOX5 gene inhibits shoot development. Plant Signal Behav 2022; 17:2050095. [PMID: 35362363 PMCID: PMC8986225 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2022.2050095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
WUSCHEL-RELATED HOMEOBOX 5 (WOX5) is a member of the WUSCHEL (WUS) homeodomain transcription factor family. WOX5 is expressed mainly in the quiescent center (QC) and confers stem cell identity in the root apical meristem (RAM). Consistent with the role of WUS in repressing root meristem development, we found that ectopic expression of WOX5 disrupted shoot development by repressing shoot-related genes, such as YABBY1 (YAB1). Our findings suggest that WOX5 and WUS potentially confer different tissue identities and specify RAM and SAM, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyounghee Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
- Research Institute of Basic Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jin Hoon Won
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Pil Joon Seo
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
- Research Institute of Basic Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
- Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
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6
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Fichtner F, Barbier FF, Kerr SC, Dudley C, Cubas P, Turnbull C, Brewer PB, Beveridge CA. Plasticity of bud outgrowth varies at cauline and rosette nodes in Arabidopsis thaliana. Plant Physiol 2022; 188:1586-1603. [PMID: 34919723 PMCID: PMC8896621 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Shoot branching is a complex mechanism in which secondary shoots grow from buds that are initiated from meristems established in leaf axils. The model plant Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) has a rosette leaf growth pattern in the vegetative stage. After flowering initiation, the main stem elongates with the top leaf primordia developing into cauline leaves. Meristems in Arabidopsis initiate in the axils of rosette or cauline leaves, giving rise to rosette or cauline buds, respectively. Plasticity in the process of shoot branching is regulated by resource and nutrient availability as well as by plant hormones. However, few studies have attempted to test whether cauline and rosette branching are subject to the same plasticity. Here, we addressed this question by phenotyping cauline and rosette branching in three Arabidopsis ecotypes and several Arabidopsis mutants with varied shoot architectures. Our results showed no negative correlation between cauline and rosette branch numbers in Arabidopsis, demonstrating that there is no tradeoff between cauline and rosette bud outgrowth. Through investigation of the altered branching pattern of flowering pathway mutants and Arabidopsis ecotypes grown in various photoperiods and light regimes, we further elucidated that the number of cauline branches is closely related to flowering time. The number of rosette branches has an enormous plasticity compared with cauline branches and is influenced by genetic background, flowering time, light intensity, and temperature. Our data reveal different levels of plasticity in the regulation of branching at rosette and cauline nodes, and promote a framework for future branching analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Fichtner
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia QLD 4072, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Plant Success in Nature and Agriculture, The University of Queensland, St Lucia QLD 4072, Australia
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm 14476, Germany
| | - Francois F Barbier
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia QLD 4072, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Plant Success in Nature and Agriculture, The University of Queensland, St Lucia QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Stephanie C Kerr
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Caitlin Dudley
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia QLD 4072, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Plant Success in Nature and Agriculture, The University of Queensland, St Lucia QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Pilar Cubas
- Department of Plant Molecular Genetics, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología-CSIC, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - Colin Turnbull
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Philip B Brewer
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, Waite Research Precinct, The University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond SA 5064, Australia
| | - Christine A Beveridge
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia QLD 4072, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Plant Success in Nature and Agriculture, The University of Queensland, St Lucia QLD 4072, Australia
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Abstract
Plants continuously form new organs in different developmental contexts in response to environmental cues. Underground lateral roots initiate from prepatterned cells in the main root, but cells can also bypass the root-shoot trajectory separation and generate shoot-borne roots through an unknown mechanism. We mapped tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) shoot-borne root development at single-cell resolution and showed that these roots initiate from phloem-associated cells through a unique transition state. This state requires the activity of a transcription factor that we named SHOOTBORNE ROOTLESS (SBRL). Evolutionary analysis reveals that SBRL's function and cis regulation are conserved in angiosperms and that it arose as an ancient duplication, with paralogs controlling wound-induced and lateral root initiation. We propose that the activation of a common transition state by context-specific regulators underlies the plasticity of plant root systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moutasem Omary
- The Institute of Plant Science and Genetics in Agriculture, Faculty of Agriculture, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Naama Gil-Yarom
- The Institute of Plant Science and Genetics in Agriculture, Faculty of Agriculture, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Chen Yahav
- The Institute of Plant Science and Genetics in Agriculture, Faculty of Agriculture, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Evyatar Steiner
- Department of Plant Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Anat Hendelman
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, USA
| | - Idan Efroni
- The Institute of Plant Science and Genetics in Agriculture, Faculty of Agriculture, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
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8
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Tan J, Wang Y, Chen S, Lin Z, Zhao Y, Xue Y, Luo Y, Liu YG, Zhu Q. An Efficient Marker Gene Excision Strategy Based on CRISPR/Cas9-Mediated Homology-Directed Repair in Rice. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031588. [PMID: 35163510 PMCID: PMC8835944 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
In order to separate transformed cells from non-transformed cells, antibiotic selectable marker genes are usually utilized in genetic transformation. After obtaining transgenic plants, it is often necessary to remove the marker gene from the plant genome in order to avoid regulatory issues. However, many marker-free systems are time-consuming and labor-intensive. Homology-directed repair (HDR) is a process of homologous recombination using homologous arms for efficient and precise repair of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs). The clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein-9 (Cas9) system is a powerful genome editing tool that can efficiently cause DSBs. Here, we isolated a rice promoter (Pssi) of a gene that highly expressed in stem, shoot tip and inflorescence, and established a high-efficiency sequence-excision strategy by using this Pssi to drive CRISPR/Cas9-mediated HDR for marker free (PssiCHMF). In our study, PssiCHMF-induced marker gene deletion was detected in 73.3% of T0 plants and 83.2% of T1 plants. A high proportion (55.6%) of homozygous marker-excised plants were obtained in T1 progeny. The recombinant GUS reporter-aided analysis and its sequencing of the recombinant products showed precise deletion and repair mediated by the PssiCHMF method. In conclusion, our CRISPR/Cas9-mediated HDR auto-excision method provides a time-saving and efficient strategy for removing the marker genes from transgenic plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiantao Tan
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (J.T.); (Y.W.); (S.C.); (Z.L.); (Y.Z.); (Y.X.); (Y.L.); (Y.-G.L.)
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
- College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yaxi Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (J.T.); (Y.W.); (S.C.); (Z.L.); (Y.Z.); (Y.X.); (Y.L.); (Y.-G.L.)
- College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Shuifu Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (J.T.); (Y.W.); (S.C.); (Z.L.); (Y.Z.); (Y.X.); (Y.L.); (Y.-G.L.)
- College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Zhansheng Lin
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (J.T.); (Y.W.); (S.C.); (Z.L.); (Y.Z.); (Y.X.); (Y.L.); (Y.-G.L.)
- College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yanchang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (J.T.); (Y.W.); (S.C.); (Z.L.); (Y.Z.); (Y.X.); (Y.L.); (Y.-G.L.)
- College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yang Xue
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (J.T.); (Y.W.); (S.C.); (Z.L.); (Y.Z.); (Y.X.); (Y.L.); (Y.-G.L.)
- College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yuyu Luo
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (J.T.); (Y.W.); (S.C.); (Z.L.); (Y.Z.); (Y.X.); (Y.L.); (Y.-G.L.)
- College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yao-Guang Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (J.T.); (Y.W.); (S.C.); (Z.L.); (Y.Z.); (Y.X.); (Y.L.); (Y.-G.L.)
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
- College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Qinlong Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (J.T.); (Y.W.); (S.C.); (Z.L.); (Y.Z.); (Y.X.); (Y.L.); (Y.-G.L.)
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
- College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Correspondence:
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Gorelova V, Colinas M, Dell’Aglio E, Flis P, Salt DE, Fitzpatrick TB. Phosphorylated B6 vitamer deficiency in SALT OVERLY SENSITIVE 4 mutants compromises shoot and root development. Plant Physiol 2022; 188:220-240. [PMID: 34730814 PMCID: PMC8774746 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/05/2021] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Stunted growth in saline conditions is a signature phenotype of the Arabidopsis SALT OVERLY SENSITIVE mutants (sos1-5) affected in pathways regulating the salt stress response. One of the mutants isolated, sos4, encodes a kinase that phosphorylates pyridoxal (PL), a B6 vitamer, forming the important coenzyme pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP). Here, we show that sos4-1 and more recently isolated alleles are deficient in phosphorylated B6 vitamers including PLP. This deficit is concomitant with a lowered PL level. Ionomic profiling of plants under standard laboratory conditions (without salt stress) reveals that sos4 mutants are perturbed in mineral nutrient homeostasis, with a hyperaccumulation of transition metal micronutrients particularly in the root, accounting for stress sensitivity. This is coincident with the accumulation of reactive oxygen species, as well as enhanced lignification and suberization of the endodermis, although the Casparian strip is intact and functional. Further, micrografting shows that SOS4 activity in the shoot is necessary for proper root development. Growth under very low light alleviates the impairments, including salt sensitivity, suggesting that SOS4 is important for developmental processes under moderate light intensities. Our study provides a basis for the integration of SOS4 derived B6 vitamers into plant health and fitness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera Gorelova
- Department of Botany and Plant Biology, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Maite Colinas
- Department of Botany and Plant Biology, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Elisa Dell’Aglio
- Department of Botany and Plant Biology, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Paulina Flis
- Future Food Beacon of Excellence and School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Leicestershire LE12 5RD, UK
| | - David E Salt
- Future Food Beacon of Excellence and School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Leicestershire LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Teresa B Fitzpatrick
- Department of Botany and Plant Biology, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
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Wang W, Gao H, Liang Y, Li J, Wang Y. Molecular basis underlying rice tiller angle: Current progress and future perspectives. Mol Plant 2022; 15:125-137. [PMID: 34896639 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2021.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Crop plant architecture is an important agronomic trait that contributes greatly to crop yield. Tiller angle is one of the most critical components that determine crop plant architecture, which in turn substantially affects grain yield mainly owing to its large influence on plant density. Gravity is a fundamental physical force that acts on all organisms on earth. Plant organs sense gravity to control their growth orientation, including tiller angle in rice (Oryza sativa). This review summarizes recent research advances made using rice tiller angle as a research model, providing insights into domestication of rice tiller angle, genetic regulation of rice tiller angle, and shoot gravitropism. Finally, we propose that current discoveries in rice can shed light on shoot gravitropism and improvement of plant tiller/branch angle in other species, thereby contributing to agricultural production in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenguang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Hengbin Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Yan Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Jiayang Li
- Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yonghong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China; Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China.
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11
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Inoue T, Yamada Y, Noguchi K. Growth temperature affects O 2 consumption rates and plasticity of respiratory flux to support shoot growth at various growth temperatures. Plant Cell Environ 2022; 45:133-146. [PMID: 34719799 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The temperature dependence of respiration rates and their acclimation to growth temperature vary among species/ecotypes, but the details remain unclear. Here, we compared the temperature dependence of shoot O2 consumption rates among Arabidopsis thaliana ecotypes to clarify how the temperature dependence and their acclimation to temperature differ among ecotypes, and how these differences relate to shoot growth. We examined growth analysis, temperature dependence of O2 consumption rates, and protein amounts of the respiratory chain components in shoots of twelve ecotypes of A. thaliana grown at three different temperatures. The temperature dependence of the O2 consumption rates were fitted to the modified Arrhenius model. The dynamic response of activation energy to measurement temperature was different among growth temperatures, suggesting that the plasticity of respiratory flux to temperatures differs among growth temperatures. The similar values of activation energy at growth temperature among ecotypes suggest that a similar process may determine the O2 consumption rates at the growth temperature in any ecotype. These results suggest that the growth temperature affects not only the absolute rate of O2 consumption but also the plasticity of respiratory flux in response to temperature, supporting the acclimation of shoot growth to various temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomomi Inoue
- National Institute for Environmental Studies, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Yusuke Yamada
- School of Life Science, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ko Noguchi
- School of Life Science, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
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12
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da Silva AJ, Clarindo WR, Simiqueli GF, Praça-Fontes MM, Mendes LA, Martins GF, Borém A. Short-term changes related to autotetraploidy in essential oil composition of Eucalyptus benthamii Maiden & Cambage and its applications in different bioassays. Sci Rep 2021; 11:24408. [PMID: 34949763 PMCID: PMC8702542 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-03916-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Some forest trees have been polyploidized to improve their traits and to supply new germplasms for breeding programs. As trees have a long juvenile stage, the early characterization of the chromosome set doubling effects is crucial for previous selection. Thus, we aimed to characterize the chemical variability of essential oils from diploid and autotetraploid germplasms (autotetraploid A and B) of Eucalyptus benthamii, as well as to evaluate their larvicidal and allelopathic effects. Autotetraploid A showed a higher essential oil yield than diploid and autotetraploid B, which did not differ quantitatively. Aromadendrene, viridiflorol and α-pinene were the major compounds in the diploid essential oil. In contrast, compounds were present in autotetraploids, such as 1,8-cineole, limonene, α-terpineol, and α-terpinyl-acetate. Essential oils from the diploid at 50-200 ppm were twice as larvicidal than those from autotetraploids against Aedes aegypti larvae. Considering the phytotoxicity bioassays using Lactuca sativa, essential oils from both ploidy levels affected root growth. Moreover, the essential oils inhibited shoot growth at all concentrations tested (187.5; 375; 750; 1500; and 3000 ppm). Autotetraploid A and B had the same effect on shoot growth as glyphosate. The essential oils had no cytogenotoxic effect on root meristematic cells of L. sativa, whereas phytotoxic potential was identified mainly in shoot growth. This work demonstrated a dramatic change in secondary metabolism (terpene composition) related to an increase in the ploidy level in Eucalyptus germplasms. In addition, we report the novelty of the chemical composition of essential oils among germplasms and their potential use as larvicidal and post-emergence weed control agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Junior da Silva
- Departament of Agronomy, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, ZIP 36570-900, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Luiza Alves Mendes
- Departament of Chemistry, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, ZIP 36570-900, Brazil
| | | | - Aluízio Borém
- Departament of Agronomy, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, ZIP 36570-900, Brazil
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13
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Mehak G, Akram NA, Ashraf M, Kaushik P, El-Sheikh MA, Ahmad P. Methionine-induced regulation of growth, secondary metabolites and oxidative defense system in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) plants subjected to water deficit stress. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0259585. [PMID: 34882694 PMCID: PMC8659686 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0259585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Optimum water availability at different growth stages is one the major prerequisites of best growth and yield production of plants. Exogenous application of plant growth regulators considered effective for normal functioning of plants under water-deficit conditions. A study was conducted to examine the influence of exogenously applied L-methionine on sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) plants grown under water-deficit conditions. Twenty-five-day old seedlings of four sunflower cultivars, FH331, FH572, FH652 and FH623 were exposed to control (100% F.C.) and drought stress (60% F.C.) conditions. After 30-day of drought stress, L-methionine (Met; 20 mg/L) was applied as a foliar spray to control and drought stressed plants. Water deficit stress significantly reduced shoot fresh and dry weights shoot and root lengths, and chlorophyll a content in all four cultivars. While a significant increase was observed due to water deficiency in relative membrane permeability (RMP), malondialdehyde (MDA), total soluble proteins (TSP), total soluble sugars (TSS), ascorbic acid (AsA) and activity of peroxidase (POD). Although, exogenously applied Met was effective in decreasing RMP, MDA and H2O2 contents, it increased the shoot fresh weight, shoot length, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll a/b ratio, proline contents and the activities of SOD, POD and CAT enzymes in all four cultivars under water deficit stress. No change in AsA and total phenolics was observed due to foliar-applied Met under water stress conditions. Of all sunflower cultivars, cv. FH-572 was the highest and cv. FH-652 the lowest of all four cultivars in shoot fresh and dry weights as well as shoot length under drought stress conditions. Overall, foliar applied L-methionine was effective in improving the drought stress tolerance of sunflower plants that was found to be positively associated with Met induced improved growth attributes and reduced RMP, MDA and H2O2 contents under water deficit conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gull Mehak
- Department of Botany, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Nudrat Aisha Akram
- Department of Botany, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Prashant Kaushik
- Instituto de Conservación y Mejora de la Agrodiversidad Valenciana, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Mohamed A. El-Sheikh
- Botany & Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Parvaiz Ahmad
- Botany & Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Botany, GDC Pulwama, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
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14
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Suh JH, Guha A, Wang Z, Li SY, Killiny N, Vincent C, Wang Y. Metabolomic analysis elucidates how shade conditions ameliorate the deleterious effects of greening (Huanglongbing) disease in citrus. Plant J 2021; 108:1798-1814. [PMID: 34687249 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Under tropical and subtropical environments, citrus leaves are exposed to excess sunlight, inducing photoinhibition. Huanglongbing (HLB, citrus greening), a devastating phloem-limited disease putatively caused by Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus, exacerbates this challenge with additional photosynthetic loss and excessive starch accumulation. A combined metabolomics and physiological approach was used to elucidate whether shade alleviates the deleterious effects of HLB in field-grown citrus trees, and to understand the underlying metabolic mechanisms related to shade-induced morpho-physiological changes in citrus. Using metabolite profiling and multinomial logistic regression, we identified pivotal metabolites altered in response to shade. A core metabolic network associated with shade conditions was identified through pathway enrichment analysis and metabolite mapping. We measured physio-biochemical responses and growth and yield characteristics. With these, the relationships between metabolic network and the variables measured above were investigated. We found that moderate-shade alleviates sink limitation by preventing excessive starch accumulation and increasing foliar sucrose levels. Increased growth and fruit yield in shaded compared with non-shaded trees were associated with increased photosystem II efficiency and leaf carbon fixation pathway metabolites. Our study also shows that, in HLB-affected trees under shade, the signaling of plant hormones (auxins and cytokinins) and nitrogen supply were downregulated with reducing new shoot production likely due to diminished needs of cell damage repair and tissue regeneration under shade. Overall, our findings provide the first glimpse of the complex dynamics between cellular metabolites and leaf physiological functions in citrus HLB pathosystem under shade, and reveal the mechanistic basis of how shade ameliorates HLB disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joon Hyuk Suh
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Citrus Research and Education Center, University of Florida, 700 Experiment Station Rd, Lake Alfred, FL, 33850, USA
| | - Anirban Guha
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, Citrus Research and Education Center, University of Florida, 700 Experiment Station Rd, Lake Alfred, FL, 33850, USA
| | - Zhixin Wang
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Citrus Research and Education Center, University of Florida, 700 Experiment Station Rd, Lake Alfred, FL, 33850, USA
| | - Sheng-Yang Li
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, Citrus Research and Education Center, University of Florida, 700 Experiment Station Rd, Lake Alfred, FL, 33850, USA
| | - Nabil Killiny
- Department of Plant Pathology, Citrus Research and Education Center, University of Florida, 700 Experiment Station Rd, Lake Alfred, FL, 33850, USA
| | - Christopher Vincent
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, Citrus Research and Education Center, University of Florida, 700 Experiment Station Rd, Lake Alfred, FL, 33850, USA
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Citrus Research and Education Center, University of Florida, 700 Experiment Station Rd, Lake Alfred, FL, 33850, USA
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15
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Chen S, Dong X, Yang Z, Hou X, Liu L. Regulation of the Development in Physcomitrium (Physcomitrella) patens implicates the functional differentiation of plant RNase H1s. Plant Sci 2021; 313:111070. [PMID: 34763863 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2021.111070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
R-loops, consisting of a DNA:RNA hybrid and a single-stranded DNA (ssDNA), form naturally as functional chromosome structures and are crucial in many vital biological processes. However, disrupted R-loop homeostasis will threat to the integrity and stability of genome. As the endonuclease, RNase H1 can efficiently recognize and remove excess R-loops to protect organisms from DNA damage induced by R-loop over-accumulation. Here, we investigated the function of RNase H1 in Physcomitrium (Physcomitrella) patens to illustrate its important role in the evolution of plants. We found that PpRNH1A dysfunction seriously affected shoot growth and branch formation in P. patens, revealing a noticeable functional difference between PpRNH1A and AtRNH1A of Arabidopsis. Furthermore, auxin signaling was significantly affected at the transcriptional level in PpRNH1A mutant plants, as a result of the accumulation of R-loops at several auxin-related genes. This study provides evidence that PpRNH1A regulates the development of P. patens by controlling R-loop formation at specific loci to modulate the transcription of auxin-related genes. It also highlights the interspecific functional differences between early land plants and vascular plants, despite crucial and conserved role of RNase H1 played in maintaining R-loop homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silin Chen
- Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650204, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xiumei Dong
- Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650204, China
| | - Zhuo Yang
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-Resources, State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Xin Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Li Liu
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-Resources, State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, China.
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16
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Zhang T, Zhang W, Li D, Zhou F, Chen X, Li C, Yu S, Brestic M, Liu Y, Yang X. Glycinebetaine: a versatile protectant to improve rice performance against aluminium stress by regulating aluminium uptake and translocation. Plant Cell Rep 2021; 40:2397-2407. [PMID: 34524480 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-021-02780-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Glycinebetaine alleviates the detrimental effects of aluminium stress by regulating aluminium uptake and translocation, maintaining PSII activity, and activating the oxidative defence, thereby maintaining the growth and development of rice. Aluminium (Al) toxicity is one of the primary growth-limiting factors that limits plant growth and crop productivity in acidic soils. Rice (Oryza sativa L.) plants are susceptible to Al stress and do not naturally accumulate glycinebetaine (GB), one of the most effective protectants. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate whether exogenous GB can ameliorate the detrimental effects of Al stress on rice plants. Our results showed that the growth, development and biomass of rice were clearly inhibited under Al stress. However, exogenous GB application increased rice shoot growth and photosynthetic pigments contents, maintained photosystem II (PSII) activity, and activated the antioxidant defence system under Al stress. More importantly, GB may mediate the expression of Al uptake- and translocation-related genes, including OsALS1, OsNrat1, OsSTAR1 and OsSTAR2, and the galacturonic acid contents in rice roots under Al stress. Therefore, our findings highlight exogenous GB application is a valid approach to effectively combat Al toxicity by regulating physiological and biochemical processes in crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianpeng Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Wenxiu Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Daxing Li
- College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Fengli Zhou
- College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Xiao Chen
- College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Chongyang Li
- College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Sang Yu
- College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Marian Brestic
- Department of Plant Physiology, Slovak University of Agriculture, A. Hlinku 2, Nitra, 94976, Slovak Republic
| | - Yang Liu
- College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, Shandong, China.
| | - Xinghong Yang
- College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, Shandong, China.
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17
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Huybrechts M, Hendrix S, Kyndt T, Demeestere K, Vandamme D, Cuypers A. Short-term effects of cadmium on leaf growth and nutrient transport in rice plants. Plant Sci 2021; 313:111054. [PMID: 34763852 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2021.111054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Consumption of rice grains contaminated with high concentrations of cadmium (Cd) can cause serious long-term health problems. Moreover, even low Cd concentrations present in the soil can result in the abatement of plant performance, leading to lower grain yield. Studies examining the molecular basis of plant defense against Cd-induced oxidative stress could pave the way in creating superior rice varieties that display an optimal antioxidative defense system to cope with Cd toxicity. In this study, we showed that after one day of Cd exposure, hydroponically grown rice plants exhibited adverse shoot biomass and leaf growth effects. Cadmium accumulates especially in the roots and the leaf meristematic region, leading to a disturbance of manganese homeostasis in both the roots and leaves. The leaf growth zone showed an increased amount of lipid peroxidation indicating that Cd exposure disturbed the oxidative balance. We propose that an increased expression of genes related to the glutathione metabolism such as glutathione synthetase 2, glutathione reductase and phytochelatin synthase 2, rather than genes encoding for antioxidant enzymes, is important in combating early Cd toxicity within the leaves of rice plants. Furthermore, the upregulation of two RESPIRATORY BURST OXIDASE HOMOLOG genes together with a Cd concentration-dependent increase of abscisic acid might cause stomatal closure or cell wall modification, potentially leading to the observed leaf growth reduction. Whereas abscisic acid was also elevated at long term exposure, a decrease of the growth hormone auxin might further contribute to growth inhibition and concomitantly, an increase in salicylic acid might stimulate the activity of antioxidative enzymes after a longer period of Cd exposure. In conclusion, a clear interplay between phytohormones and the oxidative challenge affect plant growth and acclimation during exposure to Cd stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michiel Huybrechts
- Environmental Biology, Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, B-3590, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Sophie Hendrix
- Environmental Biology, Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, B-3590, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Tina Kyndt
- Department Biotechnology, Ghent University, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kristof Demeestere
- Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Research Group EnVOC, Ghent University, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Dries Vandamme
- Applied and Analytical Chemistry, Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, B-3590, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Ann Cuypers
- Environmental Biology, Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, B-3590, Diepenbeek, Belgium.
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18
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Jin J, Lv YQ, He WZ, Li D, Ye Y, Shu ZF, Shao JN, Zhou JH, Chen DM, Li QS, Ye JH. Screening the Key Region of Sunlight Regulating the Flavonoid Profiles of Young Shoots in Tea Plants ( Camellia sinensis L.) Based on a Field Experiment. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26237158. [PMID: 34885740 PMCID: PMC8659094 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26237158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 11/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Both UV and blue light have been reported to regulate the biosynthesis of flavonoids in tea plants; however, the respective contributions of the corresponding regions of sunlight are unclear. Additionally, different tea cultivars may respond differently to altered light conditions. We investigated the responses of different cultivars (‘Longjing 43’, ‘Zhongming 192’, ‘Wanghai 1’, ‘Jingning 1’ and ‘Zhonghuang 2’) to the shade treatments (black and colored nets) regarding the biosynthesis of flavonoids. For all cultivars, flavonol glycosides showed higher sensitivity to light conditions compared with catechins. The levels of total flavonol glycosides in the young shoots of different tea cultivars decreased with the shade percentages of polyethylene nets increasing from 70% to 95%. Myricetin glycosides and quercetin glycosides were more sensitive to light conditions than kaempferol glycosides. The principal component analysis (PCA) result indicated that shade treatment greatly impacted the profiles of flavonoids in different tea samples based on the cultivar characteristics. UV is the crucial region of sunlight enhancing flavonol glycoside biosynthesis in tea shoots, which is also slight impacted by light quality according to the results of the weighted correlation network analysis (WGCNA). This study clarified the contributions of different wavelength regions of sunlight in a field experiment, providing a potential direction for slightly bitter and astringent tea cultivar breeding and instructive guidance for practical field production of premium teas based on light regimes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Jin
- Zhejiang Agricultural Technical Extension Center, 29 Fengqi East Road, Hangzhou 310020, China;
| | - Yi-Qing Lv
- Tea Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310013, China; (Y.-Q.L.); (Y.Y.); (J.-H.Z.); (D.-M.C.)
| | - Wei-Zhong He
- Lishui Institute of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Lishui 323000, China; (W.-Z.H.); (Z.-F.S.); (J.-N.S.)
| | - Da Li
- Institute of Sericulture and Tea, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China;
| | - Ying Ye
- Tea Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310013, China; (Y.-Q.L.); (Y.Y.); (J.-H.Z.); (D.-M.C.)
| | - Zai-Fa Shu
- Lishui Institute of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Lishui 323000, China; (W.-Z.H.); (Z.-F.S.); (J.-N.S.)
| | - Jing-Na Shao
- Lishui Institute of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Lishui 323000, China; (W.-Z.H.); (Z.-F.S.); (J.-N.S.)
| | - Jia-Hao Zhou
- Tea Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310013, China; (Y.-Q.L.); (Y.Y.); (J.-H.Z.); (D.-M.C.)
| | - Ding-Mi Chen
- Tea Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310013, China; (Y.-Q.L.); (Y.Y.); (J.-H.Z.); (D.-M.C.)
| | - Qing-Sheng Li
- Institute of Sericulture and Tea, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China;
- Correspondence: (Q.-S.L.); (J.-H.Y.)
| | - Jian-Hui Ye
- Tea Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310013, China; (Y.-Q.L.); (Y.Y.); (J.-H.Z.); (D.-M.C.)
- Correspondence: (Q.-S.L.); (J.-H.Y.)
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19
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Deng Z, Wu H, Li D, Li L, Wang Z, Yuan W, Xing Y, Li C, Liang D. Root-to-Shoot Long-Distance Mobile miRNAs Identified from Nicotiana Rootstocks. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:12821. [PMID: 34884626 PMCID: PMC8657949 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222312821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Root-derived mobile signals play critical roles in coordinating a shoot's response to underground conditions. However, the identification of root-to-shoot long-distance mobile signals has been scant. In this study, we aimed to characterize root-to-shoot endogenous mobile miRNAs by using an Arabidopsis/Nicotiana interfamilial heterograft in which these two taxonomically distant species with clear genetic backgrounds had sufficient diversity in differentiating miRNA sources. Small RNA deep sequencing analysis revealed that 82 miRNAs from the Arabidopsis scion could travel through the graft union to reach the rootstock, whereas only a very small subset of miRNA (6 miRNAs) preferred the root-to-shoot movement. We demonstrated in an ex vivo RNA imaging experiment that the root-to-shoot mobile Nb-miR164, Nb-miR395 and Nb-miR397 were targeted to plasmodesmata using the bacteriophage coat protein MS2 system. Furthermore, the Nb-miR164 was shown to move from the roots to the shoots to induce phenotypic changes when its overexpressing line was used as rootstock, strongly supporting that root-derived Nb-miR164 was able to modify the scion trait via its long-distance movement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuying Deng
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain Industry, School of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434023, China; (Z.D.); (H.W.); (D.L.); (L.L.); (Z.W.)
- Engineering Research Center of Ecology and Agricultural Use of Wetland, Ministry of Education, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434023, China
| | - Huiyan Wu
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain Industry, School of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434023, China; (Z.D.); (H.W.); (D.L.); (L.L.); (Z.W.)
- Engineering Research Center of Ecology and Agricultural Use of Wetland, Ministry of Education, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434023, China
| | - Dongyi Li
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain Industry, School of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434023, China; (Z.D.); (H.W.); (D.L.); (L.L.); (Z.W.)
- Engineering Research Center of Ecology and Agricultural Use of Wetland, Ministry of Education, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434023, China
| | - Luping Li
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain Industry, School of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434023, China; (Z.D.); (H.W.); (D.L.); (L.L.); (Z.W.)
- Engineering Research Center of Ecology and Agricultural Use of Wetland, Ministry of Education, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434023, China
| | - Zhipeng Wang
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain Industry, School of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434023, China; (Z.D.); (H.W.); (D.L.); (L.L.); (Z.W.)
- Engineering Research Center of Ecology and Agricultural Use of Wetland, Ministry of Education, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434023, China
| | - Wenya Yuan
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of BioResources, State Key Lab of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China;
| | - Yongzhong Xing
- National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China;
| | - Chengdao Li
- Western Barley Genetics Alliance, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia;
| | - Dacheng Liang
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain Industry, School of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434023, China; (Z.D.); (H.W.); (D.L.); (L.L.); (Z.W.)
- Engineering Research Center of Ecology and Agricultural Use of Wetland, Ministry of Education, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434023, China
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20
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Morinaka H, Mamiya A, Tamaki H, Iwamoto A, Suzuki T, Kawamura A, Ikeuchi M, Iwase A, Higashiyama T, Sugimoto K, Sugiyama M. Transcriptome Dynamics of Epidermal Reprogramming during Direct Shoot Regeneration in Torenia fournieri. Plant Cell Physiol 2021; 62:1335-1354. [PMID: 34223624 PMCID: PMC8579340 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcab101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Shoot regeneration involves reprogramming of somatic cells and de novo organization of shoot apical meristems (SAMs). In the best-studied model system of shoot regeneration using Arabidopsis, regeneration is mediated by the auxin-responsive pluripotent callus formation from pericycle or pericycle-like tissues according to the lateral root development pathway. In contrast, shoot regeneration can be induced directly from fully differentiated epidermal cells of stem explants of Torenia fournieri (Torenia), without intervening the callus mass formation in culture with cytokinin; yet, its molecular mechanisms remain unaddressed. Here, we characterized this direct shoot regeneration by cytological observation and transcriptome analyses. The results showed that the gene expression profile rapidly changes upon culture to acquire a mixed signature of multiple organs/tissues, possibly associated with epidermal reprogramming. Comparison of transcriptomes between three different callus-inducing cultures (callus induction by auxin, callus induction by wounding and protoplast culture) of Arabidopsis and the Torenia stem culture identified genes upregulated in all the four culture systems as candidates of common factors of cell reprogramming. These initial changes proceeded independently of cytokinin, followed by cytokinin-dependent, transcriptional activations of nucleolar development and cell cycle. Later, SAM regulatory genes became highly expressed, leading to SAM organization in the foci of proliferating cells in the epidermal layer. Our findings revealed three distinct phases with different transcriptomic and regulatory features during direct shoot regeneration from the epidermis in Torenia, which provides a basis for further investigation of shoot regeneration in this unique culture system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hatsune Morinaka
- Botanical Gardens, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 3-7-1 Hakusan, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 112-0001, Japan
- Center for Sustainable Resource Science, RIKEN, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Akihito Mamiya
- Botanical Gardens, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 3-7-1 Hakusan, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 112-0001, Japan
- Department of Biology, Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, Rokkodai-cho 1-1, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Tamaki
- Botanical Gardens, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 3-7-1 Hakusan, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 112-0001, Japan
- Health and Crop Sciences Research Laboratory, Sumitomo Chemical Co. Ltd., 4-2-1 Takatsukasa, Takarazuka, Hyogo 665-8555, Japan
| | - Akitoshi Iwamoto
- Department of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, Kanagawa University, 2946 Tsuchiya, Hiratsuka 259-1293, Japan
| | - Takamasa Suzuki
- Department of Biological Chemistry, College of Bioscience Biotechnology, Chubu University, 1200 Matsumoto-cho, Kasugai, Aichi 487-8501, Japan
| | - Ayako Kawamura
- Center for Sustainable Resource Science, RIKEN, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Momoko Ikeuchi
- Center for Sustainable Resource Science, RIKEN, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Niigata University, 8050 Ikarashi 2-no-cho, Nishi-ku, Niigata 950-2181, Japan
| | - Akira Iwase
- Center for Sustainable Resource Science, RIKEN, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Higashiyama
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601, Japan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Keiko Sugimoto
- Center for Sustainable Resource Science, RIKEN, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Munetaka Sugiyama
- Botanical Gardens, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 3-7-1 Hakusan, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 112-0001, Japan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
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21
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Zhang L, Li M, Yan P, Fu J, Zhang L, Li X, Han W. A novel adenylate isopentenyltransferase 5 regulates shoot branching via the ATTTA motif in Camellia sinensis. BMC Plant Biol 2021; 21:521. [PMID: 34753426 PMCID: PMC8577036 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-021-03254-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Shoot branching is one of the important agronomic traits affecting yields and quality of tea plant (Camellia sinensis). Cytokinins (CTKs) play critical roles in regulating shoot branching. However, whether and how differently alternative splicing (AS) variant of CTKs-related genes can influence shoot branching of tea plant is still not fully elucidated. RESULTS In this study, five AS variants of CTK biosynthetic gene adenylate isopentenyltransferase (CsA-IPT5) with different 3' untranslated region (3' UTR) and 5' UTR from tea plant were cloned and investigated for their regulatory effects. Transient expression assays showed that there were significant negative correlations between CsA-IPT5 protein expression, mRNA expression of CsA-IPT5 AS variants and the number of ATTTA motifs, respectively. Shoot branching processes induced by exogenous 6-BA or pruning were studied, where CsA-IPT5 was demonstrated to regulate protein synthesis of CsA-IPT5, as well as the biosynthesis of trans-zeatin (tZ)- and isopentenyladenine (iP)-CTKs, through transcriptionally changing ratios of its five AS variants in these processes. Furthermore, the 3' UTR AS variant 2 (3AS2) might act as the predominant AS transcript. CONCLUSIONS Together, our results indicate that 3AS2 of the CsA-IPT5 gene is potential in regulating shoot branching of tea plant and provides a gene resource for improving the plant-type of woody plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Tea Quality and Safety Control, Ministry of Agriculture, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 9 Meiling South Road, Xihu District, Hangzhou, 310008 Zhejiang China
| | - Menghan Li
- Key Laboratory of Tea Quality and Safety Control, Ministry of Agriculture, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 9 Meiling South Road, Xihu District, Hangzhou, 310008 Zhejiang China
| | - Peng Yan
- Key Laboratory of Tea Quality and Safety Control, Ministry of Agriculture, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 9 Meiling South Road, Xihu District, Hangzhou, 310008 Zhejiang China
| | - Jianyu Fu
- Key Laboratory of Tea Quality and Safety Control, Ministry of Agriculture, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 9 Meiling South Road, Xihu District, Hangzhou, 310008 Zhejiang China
| | - Lan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Tea Quality and Safety Control, Ministry of Agriculture, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 9 Meiling South Road, Xihu District, Hangzhou, 310008 Zhejiang China
| | - Xin Li
- Key Laboratory of Tea Quality and Safety Control, Ministry of Agriculture, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 9 Meiling South Road, Xihu District, Hangzhou, 310008 Zhejiang China
| | - Wenyan Han
- Key Laboratory of Tea Quality and Safety Control, Ministry of Agriculture, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 9 Meiling South Road, Xihu District, Hangzhou, 310008 Zhejiang China
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22
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Luo Z, Janssen BJ, Snowden KC. The molecular and genetic regulation of shoot branching. Plant Physiol 2021; 187:1033-1044. [PMID: 33616657 PMCID: PMC8566252 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The architecture of flowering plants exhibits both phenotypic diversity and plasticity, determined, in part, by the number and activity of axillary meristems and, in part, by the growth characteristics of the branches that develop from the axillary buds. The plasticity of shoot branching results from a combination of various intrinsic and genetic elements, such as number and position of nodes and type of growth phase, as well as environmental signals such as nutrient availability, light characteristics, and temperature (Napoli et al., 1998; Bennett and Leyser, 2006; Janssen et al., 2014; Teichmann and Muhr, 2015; Ueda and Yanagisawa, 2019). Axillary meristem initiation and axillary bud outgrowth are controlled by a complex and interconnected regulatory network. Although many of the genes and hormones that modulate branching patterns have been discovered and characterized through genetic and biochemical studies, there are still many gaps in our understanding of the control mechanisms at play. In this review, we will summarize our current knowledge of the control of axillary meristem initiation and outgrowth into a branch.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei Luo
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Auckland 1025, New Zealand
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
| | - Bart J Janssen
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Auckland 1025, New Zealand
| | - Kimberley C Snowden
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Auckland 1025, New Zealand
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23
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Bacher H, Zhu F, Gao T, Liu K, Dhatt BK, Awada T, Zhang C, Distelfeld A, Yu H, Peleg Z, Walia H. Wild emmer introgression alters root-to-shoot growth dynamics in durum wheat in response to water stress. Plant Physiol 2021; 187:1149-1162. [PMID: 34618034 PMCID: PMC8566259 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Water deficit during the early vegetative growth stages of wheat (Triticum) can limit shoot growth and ultimately impact grain productivity. Introducing diversity in wheat cultivars to enhance the range of phenotypic responses to water limitations during vegetative growth can provide potential avenues for mitigating subsequent yield losses. We tested this hypothesis in an elite durum wheat background by introducing a series of introgressions from a wild emmer (Triticum turgidum ssp. dicoccoides) wheat. Wild emmer populations harbor rich phenotypic diversity for drought-adaptive traits. To determine the effect of these introgressions on vegetative growth under water-limited conditions, we used image-based phenotyping to catalog divergent growth responses to water stress ranging from high plasticity to high stability. One of the introgression lines exhibited a significant shift in root-to-shoot ratio in response to water stress. We characterized this shift by combining genetic analysis and root transcriptome profiling to identify candidate genes (including a root-specific kinase) that may be linked to the root-to-shoot carbon reallocation under water stress. Our results highlight the potential of introducing functional diversity into elite durum wheat for enhancing the range of water stress adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harel Bacher
- The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
- Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
| | - Feiyu Zhu
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
| | - Tian Gao
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
| | - Kan Liu
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
| | - Balpreet K Dhatt
- Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
| | - Tala Awada
- School of Natural Resources, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
| | - Chi Zhang
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
| | | | - Hongfeng Yu
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
| | - Zvi Peleg
- The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Harkamal Walia
- Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
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24
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Trifunović-Momčilov M, Motyka V, Dobrev PI, Marković M, Milošević S, Jevremović S, Dragićević IČ, Subotić A. Phytohormone profiles in non-transformed and AtCKX transgenic centaury (Centaurium erythraea Rafn) shoots and roots in response to salinity stress in vitro. Sci Rep 2021; 11:21471. [PMID: 34728697 PMCID: PMC8563955 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-00866-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant hormones regulate numerous developmental and physiological processes. Abiotic stresses considerably affect production and distribution of phytohormones as the stress signal triggers. The homeostasis of plant hormones is controlled by their de novo synthesis and catabolism. The aim of this work was to analyse the contents of total and individual groups of endogenous cytokinins (CKs) as well as indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) in AtCKX overexpressing centaury plants grown in vitro on graded NaCl concentrations (0, 50, 100, 150, 200 mM). The levels of endogenous stress hormones including abscisic acid (ABA), salicylic acid (SA) and jasmonic acid (JA) were also detected. The elevated contents of total CKs were found in all analysed centaury shoots. Furthermore, increased amounts of all five CK groups, as well as enhanced total CKs were revealed on graded NaCl concentrations in non-transformed and AtCKX roots. All analysed AtCKX centaury lines exhibited decreased amounts of endogenous IAA in shoots and roots. Consequently, the IAA/bioactive CK forms ratios showed a significant variation in the shoots and roots of all AtCKX lines. In shoots and roots of both non-transformed and AtCKX transgenic centaury plants, salinity was associated with an increase of ABA and JA and a decrease of SA content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milana Trifunović-Momčilov
- Department for Plant Physiology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković" - National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar despota Stefana 142, Belgrade, 11060, Serbia.
| | - Václav Motyka
- Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Rozvojová 263, 16502, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Petre I Dobrev
- Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Rozvojová 263, 16502, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Marija Marković
- Department for Plant Physiology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković" - National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar despota Stefana 142, Belgrade, 11060, Serbia
| | - Snežana Milošević
- Department for Plant Physiology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković" - National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar despota Stefana 142, Belgrade, 11060, Serbia
| | - Slađana Jevremović
- Department for Plant Physiology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković" - National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar despota Stefana 142, Belgrade, 11060, Serbia
| | - Ivana Č Dragićević
- Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 16, Belgrade, 11000, Serbia
| | - Angelina Subotić
- Department for Plant Physiology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković" - National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar despota Stefana 142, Belgrade, 11060, Serbia
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25
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Fasani E, DalCorso G, Zorzi G, Agrimonti C, Fragni R, Visioli G, Furini A. Overexpression of ZNT1 and NRAMP4 from the Ni Hyperaccumulator Noccaea caerulescens Population Monte Prinzera in Arabidopsis thaliana Perturbs Fe, Mn, and Ni Accumulation. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111896. [PMID: 34769323 PMCID: PMC8584810 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Metalliferous soils are characterized by a high content of metal compounds that can hamper plant growth. The pseudometallophyte Noccaea caerulescens is able to grow on metalliferous substrates by implementing both tolerance and accumulation of usually toxic metal ions. Expression of particular transmembrane transporter proteins (e.g., members of the ZIP and NRAMP families) leads to metal tolerance and accumulation, and its comparison between hyperaccumulator N. caerulescens with non-accumulator relatives Arabidopsis thaliana and Thlaspi arvense has deepened our knowledge on mechanisms adopted by plants to survive in metalliferous soils. In this work, two transporters, ZNT1 and NRAMP4, expressed in a serpentinic population of N. caerulescens identified on the Monte Prinzera (Italy) are considered, and their expression has been induced in yeast and in A. thaliana. In the latter, single transgenic lines were crossed to test the effect of the combined over-expression of the two transporters. An enhanced iron and manganese translocation towards the shoot was induced by overexpression of NcZNT1. The combined overexpression of NcZNT1 and NcNRAMP4 did perturb the metal accumulation in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Fasani
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Str. Le Grazie 15, 37134 Verona, Italy; (E.F.); (G.D.); (G.Z.)
| | - Giovanni DalCorso
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Str. Le Grazie 15, 37134 Verona, Italy; (E.F.); (G.D.); (G.Z.)
| | - Gianluca Zorzi
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Str. Le Grazie 15, 37134 Verona, Italy; (E.F.); (G.D.); (G.Z.)
| | - Caterina Agrimonti
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 11/a, 43124 Parma, Italy;
| | - Rosaria Fragni
- SSICA, Experimental Station for the Food Preserving Industry, Viale F. Tanara 31/A, 43121 Parma, Italy;
| | - Giovanna Visioli
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 11/a, 43124 Parma, Italy;
- Correspondence: (G.V.); (A.F.); Tel.: +39-0521905692 (G.V.); +39-0458027950 (A.F.)
| | - Antonella Furini
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Str. Le Grazie 15, 37134 Verona, Italy; (E.F.); (G.D.); (G.Z.)
- Correspondence: (G.V.); (A.F.); Tel.: +39-0521905692 (G.V.); +39-0458027950 (A.F.)
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26
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Hata Y, Kyozuka J. Fundamental mechanisms of the stem cell regulation in land plants: lesson from shoot apical cells in bryophytes. Plant Mol Biol 2021; 107:213-225. [PMID: 33609252 PMCID: PMC8648652 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-021-01126-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
This review compares the molecular mechanisms of stem cell control in the shoot apical meristems of mosses and angiosperms and reveals the conserved features and evolution of plant stem cells. The establishment and maintenance of pluripotent stem cells in the shoot apical meristem (SAM) are key developmental processes in land plants including the most basal, bryophytes. Bryophytes, such as Physcomitrium (Physcomitrella) patens and Marchantia polymorpha, are emerging as attractive model species to study the conserved features and evolutionary processes in the mechanisms controlling stem cells. Recent studies using these model bryophyte species have started to uncover the similarities and differences in stem cell regulation between bryophytes and angiosperms. In this review, we summarize findings on stem cell function and its regulation focusing on different aspects including hormonal, genetic, and epigenetic control. Stem cell regulation through auxin, cytokinin, CLAVATA3/EMBRYO SURROUNDING REGION-RELATED (CLE) signaling and chromatin modification by Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 (PRC2) and PRC1 is well conserved. Several transcription factors crucial for SAM regulation in angiosperms are not involved in the regulation of the SAM in mosses, but similarities also exist. These findings provide insights into the evolutionary trajectory of the SAM and the fundamental mechanisms involved in stem cell regulation that are conserved across land plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Hata
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, 2-1-1, Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8577, Japan
| | - Junko Kyozuka
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, 2-1-1, Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8577, Japan.
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27
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Osadchuk K, Cheng CL, Irish EE. The integration of leaf-derived signals sets the timing of vegetative phase change in maize, a process coordinated by epigenetic remodeling. Plant Sci 2021; 312:111035. [PMID: 34620439 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2021.111035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
After germination, the maize shoot proceeds through a series of developmental stages before flowering. The first transition occurs during the vegetative phase where the shoot matures from the juvenile to the adult phase, called vegetative phase change (VPC). In maize, both phases exhibit easily-scored morphological characteristics, facilitating the elucidation of molecular mechanisms directing the characteristic gene expression patterns and resulting physiological features of each phase. miR156 expression is high during the juvenile phase, suppressing expression of squamosa promoter binding proteins/SBP-like transcription factors and miR172. The decline in miR156 and subsequent increase in miR172 expression marks the transition into the adult phase, where miR172 represses transcripts that confer juvenile traits. Leaf-derived signals attenuate miR156 expression and thus the duration of the juvenile phase. As found in other species, VPC in maize utilizes signals that consist of hormones, stress, and sugar to direct epigenetic modifiers. In this review we identify the intersection of leaf-derived signaling with components that contribute to the epigenetic changes which may, in turn, manage the distinct global gene expression patterns of each phase. In maize, published research regarding chromatin remodeling during VPC is minimal. Therefore, we identified epigenetic regulators in the maize genome and, using published gene expression data and research from other plant species, identify VPC candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krista Osadchuk
- 129 E. Jefferson Street, Department of Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Chi-Lien Cheng
- 129 E. Jefferson Street, Department of Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Erin E Irish
- 129 E. Jefferson Street, Department of Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.
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28
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Kume A, Kamachi H, Onoda Y, Hanba YT, Hiwatashi Y, Karahara I, Fujita T. How plants grow under gravity conditions besides 1 g: perspectives from hypergravity and space experiments that employ bryophytes as a model organism. Plant Mol Biol 2021; 107:279-291. [PMID: 33852087 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-021-01146-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Plants have evolved and grown under the selection pressure of gravitational force at 1 g on Earth. In response to this selection pressure, plants have acquired gravitropism to sense gravity and change their growth direction. In addition, plants also adjust their morphogenesis in response to different gravitational forces in a phenomenon known as gravity resistance. However, the gravity resistance phenomenon in plants is poorly understood due to the prevalence of 1 g gravitational force on Earth: not only it is difficult to culture plants at gravity > 1 g(hypergravity) for a long period of time but it is also impossible to create a < 1 genvironment (μg, micro g) on Earth without specialized facilities. Despite these technical challenges, it is important to understand how plants grow in different gravity conditions in order to understand land plant adaptation to the 1 g environment or for outer space exploration. To address this, we have developed a centrifugal device for a prolonged duration of plant culture in hypergravity conditions, and a project to grow plants under the μg environment in the International Space Station is also underway. Our plant material of choice is Physcomitrium (Physcomitrella) patens, one of the pioneer plants on land and a model bryophyte often used in plant biology. In this review, we summarize our latest findings regarding P. patens growth response to hypergravity, with reference to our on-going "Space moss" project. In our ground-based hypergravity experiments, we analyzed the morphological and physiological changes and found unexpected increments of chloroplast size and photosynthesis rate, which might underlie the enhancement of growth and increase in the number of gametophores and rhizoids. We further discussed our approaches at the cellular level and compare the gravity resistance in mosses and that in angiosperms. Finally, we highlight the advantages and perspectives from the space experiments and conclude that research with bryophytes is beneficial to comprehensively and precisely understand gravitational responses in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Kume
- Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kamachi
- Faculty of Science, University of Toyama, 3190 Gofuku, Toyama, Toyama, 930-8555, Japan
| | - Yusuke Onoda
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Oiwake, Kitashirakawa, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Yuko T Hanba
- Faculty of Applied Biology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8585, Japan
| | - Yuji Hiwatashi
- School of Food Industrial Sciences, Miyagi University, 2-2-1 Hatatate, Taihaku-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 982-0215, Japan
| | - Ichirou Karahara
- Faculty of Science, University of Toyama, 3190 Gofuku, Toyama, Toyama, 930-8555, Japan
| | - Tomomichi Fujita
- Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Kita 10 Nishi8 Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0810, Japan.
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29
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Shim S, Lee HG, Seo PJ. MET1-Dependent DNA Methylation Represses Light Signaling and Influences Plant Regeneration in Arabidopsis. Mol Cells 2021; 44:746-757. [PMID: 34711691 PMCID: PMC8560584 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2021.0160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant somatic cells can be reprogrammed into a pluripotent cell mass, called callus, which can be subsequently used for de novo shoot regeneration through a two-step in vitro tissue culture method. MET1-dependent CG methylation has been implicated in plant regeneration in Arabidopsis, because the met1-3 mutant exhibits increased shoot regeneration compared with the wild-type. To understand the role of MET1 in de novo shoot regeneration, we compared the genome-wide DNA methylomes and transcriptomes of wild-type and met1-3 callus and leaf. The CG methylation patterns were largely unchanged during leaf-to-callus transition, suggesting that the altered regeneration phenotype of met1-3 was caused by the constitutively hypomethylated genes, independent of the tissue type. In particular, MET1-dependent CG methylation was observed at the blue light receptor genes, CRYPTOCHROME 1 (CRY1) and CRY2, which reduced their expression. Coexpression network analysis revealed that the CRY1 gene was closely linked to cytokinin signaling genes. Consistently, functional enrichment analysis of differentially expressed genes in met1-3 showed that gene ontology terms related to light and hormone signaling were overrepresented. Overall, our findings indicate that MET1-dependent repression of light and cytokinin signaling influences plant regeneration capacity and shoot identity establishment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangrea Shim
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
- Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Hong Gil Lee
- Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Pil Joon Seo
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
- Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
- Research Institute of Basic Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
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Ambreen S, Athar HUR, Khan A, Zafar ZU, Ayyaz A, Kalaji HM. Seed priming with proline improved photosystem II efficiency and growth of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). BMC Plant Biol 2021; 21:502. [PMID: 34717538 PMCID: PMC8557069 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-021-03273-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Proline can promote growth of plants by increasing photosynthetic activity under both non-stress and abiotic stress conditions. However, its role in non-stressed conditions is least studied. An experiment was conducted to assess as to whether increase in growth of wheat due to seed priming with proline under non-stress condition was associated with proline-induced changes in photosystem II (PSII) activity. Seeds of four wheat varieties (S-24, Sehar-06, Galaxy-13, and Pasban-90) were primed with different concentrations of proline (0, 5, 15 and 25 mM) for 12 h and allowed to grow under normal conditions. Biomass accumulation and photosynthetic performance, being two most sensitive features/indicators of plant growth, were selected to monitor proline modulated changes. RESULTS Seed priming with proline increased the fresh and dry weights of shoots and roots, and plant height of all four wheat varieties. Maximum increase in growth attributes was observed in all four wheat varieties at 15 mM proline. Maximum growth improvement due to proline was found in var. Galaxy-13, whereas the reverse was true for S-24. Moreover, proline treatment changed the Fo, Fm, Fv/Fo, PIABS, PITot in wheat varieties indicating changes in PSII activity. Proline induced changes in energy fluxes for absorption, trapping, electron transport and heat dissipation per reaction center indicated that var. Galaxy-13 had better ability to process absorbed light energy through photosynthetic machinery. Moreover, lesser PSII efficiency in var. S-24 was due to lower energy flux for electron transport and greater energy flux for heat dissipation. This was further supported by the fact that var. S-24 had disturbance at acceptor side of PSI as reflected by reduction in ΔVIP, probability and energy flux for electron transport at the PSI end electron acceptors. CONCLUSION Seed priming with proline improved the growth of wheat varieties, which depends on type of variety and concentration of proline applied. Seed priming with proline significantly changed the PSII activity in wheat varieties, however, its translation in growth improvement depends on potential of processing of absorbed light energy by electron acceptors of electron transport chain, particularly those present at PSI end.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Ambreen
- Department of Botany, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, 40100, Pakistan.
| | | | - Ameer Khan
- Department of Botany, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, 40100, Pakistan
- Department of Botany, Division of Science and Technology, University of Education Lahore, Lahore, Punjab, 54770, Pakistan
| | - Zafar Ullah Zafar
- Department of Botany, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, 60800, Pakistan
| | - Ahsan Ayyaz
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hazem M Kalaji
- Department of Plant Physiology, Institute of Biology, University of Life Sciences SGGW, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland
- Institute of Technology and Life Sciences - National Research Institute, Falenty, Al. Hrabska 3, 05-090, Raszyn, Poland
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Zhang J, Ma R, Ding X, Huang M, Shen K, Zhao S, Xiao Z, Xiu C. Association among starch storage, metabolism, related genes and growth of Moso bamboo (Phyllostachys heterocycla) shoots. BMC Plant Biol 2021; 21:477. [PMID: 34670492 PMCID: PMC8527747 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-021-03257-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Both underground rhizomes/buds and above-ground Moso bamboo (Phyllostachys heterocycla) shoots/culms/branches are connected together into a close inter-connecting system in which nutrients are transported and shared among each organ. However, the starch storage and utilization mechanisms during bamboo shoot growth remain unclear. This study aimed to reveal in which organs starch was stored, how carbohydrates were transformed among each organ, and how the expression of key genes was regulated during bamboo shoot growth and developmental stages which should lay a foundation for developing new theoretical techniques for bamboo cultivation. RESULTS Based on changes of the NSC content, starch metabolism-related enzyme activity and gene expression from S0 to S3, we observed that starch grains were mainly elliptical in shape and proliferated through budding and constriction. Content of both soluble sugar and starch in bamboo shoot peaked at S0, in which the former decreased gradually, and the latter initially decreased and then increased as shoots grew. Starch synthesis-related enzymes (AGPase, GBSS and SBE) and starch hydrolase (α-amylase and β-amylase) activities exhibited the same dynamic change patterns as those of the starch content. From S0 to S3, the activity of starch synthesis-related enzyme and starch amylase in bamboo rhizome was significantly higher than that in bamboo shoot, while the NSC content in rhizomes was obviously lower than that in bamboo shoots. It was revealed by the comparative transcriptome analysis that the expression of starch synthesis-related enzyme-encoding genes were increased at S0, but reduced thereafter, with almost the same dynamic change tendency as the starch content and metabolism-related enzymes, especially during S0 and S1. It was revealed by the gene interaction analysis that AGPase and SBE were core genes for the starch and sucrose metabolism pathway. CONCLUSIONS Bamboo shoots were the main organ in which starch was stored, while bamboo rhizome should be mainly functioned as a carbohydrate transportation channel and the second carbohydrate sink. Starch metabolism-related genes were expressed at the transcriptional level during underground growth, but at the post-transcriptional level during above-ground growth. It may be possible to enhance edible bamboo shoot quality for an alternative starch source through genetic engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajia Zhang
- China National Bamboo Research Center, Hangzhou, 310012, Zhejiang Province, China
- Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100089, China
| | - Ruixiang Ma
- China National Bamboo Research Center, Hangzhou, 310012, Zhejiang Province, China
- Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100089, China
| | - Xingcui Ding
- China National Bamboo Research Center, Hangzhou, 310012, Zhejiang Province, China.
- Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100089, China.
| | - Manchang Huang
- China National Bamboo Research Center, Hangzhou, 310012, Zhejiang Province, China
- Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100089, China
| | - Kai Shen
- China National Bamboo Research Center, Hangzhou, 310012, Zhejiang Province, China
- Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100089, China
| | - Siqi Zhao
- China National Bamboo Research Center, Hangzhou, 310012, Zhejiang Province, China
- Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100089, China
| | - Zizhang Xiao
- China National Bamboo Research Center, Hangzhou, 310012, Zhejiang Province, China
- Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100089, China
| | - Chengming Xiu
- China National Bamboo Research Center, Hangzhou, 310012, Zhejiang Province, China
- Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100089, China
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Huang W, MacLean AM, Sugio A, Maqbool A, Busscher M, Cho ST, Kamoun S, Kuo CH, Immink RGH, Hogenhout SA. Parasitic modulation of host development by ubiquitin-independent protein degradation. Cell 2021; 184:5201-5214.e12. [PMID: 34536345 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Certain obligate parasites induce complex and substantial phenotypic changes in their hosts in ways that favor their transmission to other trophic levels. However, the mechanisms underlying these changes remain largely unknown. Here we demonstrate how SAP05 protein effectors from insect-vectored plant pathogenic phytoplasmas take control of several plant developmental processes. These effectors simultaneously prolong the host lifespan and induce witches' broom-like proliferations of leaf and sterile shoots, organs colonized by phytoplasmas and vectors. SAP05 acts by mediating the concurrent degradation of SPL and GATA developmental regulators via a process that relies on hijacking the plant ubiquitin receptor RPN10 independent of substrate ubiquitination. RPN10 is highly conserved among eukaryotes, but SAP05 does not bind insect vector RPN10. A two-amino-acid substitution within plant RPN10 generates a functional variant that is resistant to SAP05 activities. Therefore, one effector protein enables obligate parasitic phytoplasmas to induce a plethora of developmental phenotypes in their hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijie Huang
- Department of Crop Genetics, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Allyson M MacLean
- Department of Crop Genetics, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Akiko Sugio
- Department of Crop Genetics, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Abbas Maqbool
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Marco Busscher
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen 6708 PB, the Netherlands; Plant Developmental Systems, Bioscience, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen 6708 PB, the Netherlands
| | - Shu-Ting Cho
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Sophien Kamoun
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Chih-Horng Kuo
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Richard G H Immink
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen 6708 PB, the Netherlands; Plant Developmental Systems, Bioscience, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen 6708 PB, the Netherlands
| | - Saskia A Hogenhout
- Department of Crop Genetics, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK.
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Huang W, MacLean AM, Sugio A, Maqbool A, Busscher M, Cho ST, Kamoun S, Kuo CH, Immink RGH, Hogenhout SA. Parasitic modulation of host development by ubiquitin-independent protein degradation. Cell 2021; 184:5201-5214.e12. [PMID: 34536345 PMCID: PMC8525514 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2021.08.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Certain obligate parasites induce complex and substantial phenotypic changes in their hosts in ways that favor their transmission to other trophic levels. However, the mechanisms underlying these changes remain largely unknown. Here we demonstrate how SAP05 protein effectors from insect-vectored plant pathogenic phytoplasmas take control of several plant developmental processes. These effectors simultaneously prolong the host lifespan and induce witches' broom-like proliferations of leaf and sterile shoots, organs colonized by phytoplasmas and vectors. SAP05 acts by mediating the concurrent degradation of SPL and GATA developmental regulators via a process that relies on hijacking the plant ubiquitin receptor RPN10 independent of substrate ubiquitination. RPN10 is highly conserved among eukaryotes, but SAP05 does not bind insect vector RPN10. A two-amino-acid substitution within plant RPN10 generates a functional variant that is resistant to SAP05 activities. Therefore, one effector protein enables obligate parasitic phytoplasmas to induce a plethora of developmental phenotypes in their hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijie Huang
- Department of Crop Genetics, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Allyson M MacLean
- Department of Crop Genetics, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Akiko Sugio
- Department of Crop Genetics, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Abbas Maqbool
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Marco Busscher
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen 6708 PB, the Netherlands; Plant Developmental Systems, Bioscience, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen 6708 PB, the Netherlands
| | - Shu-Ting Cho
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Sophien Kamoun
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Chih-Horng Kuo
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Richard G H Immink
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen 6708 PB, the Netherlands; Plant Developmental Systems, Bioscience, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen 6708 PB, the Netherlands
| | - Saskia A Hogenhout
- Department of Crop Genetics, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK.
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Kikowska M, Thiem B, Jafernik K, Klimek-Szczykutowicz M, Studzińska-Sroka E, Ekiert H, Szopa A. Effect of Elicitation with (+)-Usnic Acid on Accumulation of Phenolic Acids and Flavonoids in Agitated Microshoots of Eryngium alpinum L. Molecules 2021; 26:5532. [PMID: 34577004 PMCID: PMC8465747 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26185532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The present work was aimed at studying the potential of elicitation on the accumulation of phenolic compounds in in vitro shoot cultures of Eryngium alpinum L., a protected plant from the Apiaceae family. The study examined the influence of (+)-usnic acid on the biomass growth as well as on the biosynthesis of the desired flavonoids and phenolic acids in the cultured microshoots. The phenolic compound content was determined by HPLC-DAD. The flavonoid of the highest concentration was isoquercetin, and the phenolic acids of the highest amount were rosmarinic acid, caffeic acid and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid, both in the non-elicited and elicited biomass. Isoquercetin accumulation was efficiently increased by a longer elicitation with a lower concentration of lichenic compound (107.17 ± 4.67 mg/100 g DW) or a shorter elicitation with a higher concentration of acid (127.54 ± 11.34 and 108.37 ± 12.1 mg/100 g DW). Rosmarinic acid production generally remained high in all elicited and non-elicited microshoots. The highest content of this acid was recorded at 24 h of elicitation with 3.125 µM usnic acid (512.69 ± 4.89 mg/100 g DW). The process of elicitation with (+)-usnic acid, a well-known lichenic compound with allelopathic nature, may therefore be an effective technique of enhancing phenolic compound accumulation in alpine eryngo microshoot biomass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Kikowska
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany and Plant Biotechnology, University of Medical Sciences in Poznan, 14 Św. Marii Magdaleny St., 61-861 Poznań, Poland;
| | - Barbara Thiem
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany and Plant Biotechnology, University of Medical Sciences in Poznan, 14 Św. Marii Magdaleny St., 61-861 Poznań, Poland;
| | - Karolina Jafernik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Collegium Medicum, Jagiellonian University, 9 Medyczna St., 30-688 Kraków, Poland; (K.J.); (M.K.-S.); (H.E.); (A.S.)
| | - Marta Klimek-Szczykutowicz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Collegium Medicum, Jagiellonian University, 9 Medyczna St., 30-688 Kraków, Poland; (K.J.); (M.K.-S.); (H.E.); (A.S.)
| | - Elżbieta Studzińska-Sroka
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Medical Sciences in Poznan, 4 Święcickiego St., 61-781 Poznań, Poland;
| | - Halina Ekiert
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Collegium Medicum, Jagiellonian University, 9 Medyczna St., 30-688 Kraków, Poland; (K.J.); (M.K.-S.); (H.E.); (A.S.)
| | - Agnieszka Szopa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Collegium Medicum, Jagiellonian University, 9 Medyczna St., 30-688 Kraków, Poland; (K.J.); (M.K.-S.); (H.E.); (A.S.)
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Zhang Y, Liao H. Epibrassinolide improves the growth performance of Sedum lineare upon Zn stress through boosting antioxidative capacities. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0257172. [PMID: 34492083 PMCID: PMC8423314 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0257172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
As an essential element, zinc (Zn) can improve or inhibit the growth of plants depending on its concentrations. In this study, the effects of 24-Epibrassinolide (EBR), one well-known steroid phytohormone regulating plant growth and alleviating abiotic stress damage, on morphological parameters and antioxidant capacities of Sedum lineare were investigated under different Zn doses. Compared to plants only exposed to Zn, simultaneously foliar application of 0.75 μM EBR significantly improved multiple morphological characteristics and such growth-improving effects were more significant at high Zn concentrations. At a detrimental 800 μM Zn, EBR benefitted plant growth most prominently, as shown by that the stem length, fresh weight and internode length were increased by 111%, 85% and 157%, respectively; than Zn solely treated plants. EBR spray also enhanced both the activities of antioxidant enzymes such as peroxidase (POD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), glutathione reductase (GR), and the contents of antioxidative agents including ascorbic acid (AsA) and glutathione (GSH), which in turn decreased the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and alleviated the lipid peroxidation in plants. Thus, by demonstrating that EBR could help S. lineare resist high-zinc stress through strengthening the antioxidant system, this work provided a new idea for expanding the planting range of Crassulaceae plants in heavy metal contaminated soil for phytoremediation purpose in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyang Zhang
- Shanghai High School International Division (SHSID), Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Liao
- Shanghai High School International Division (SHSID), Shanghai, China
- * E-mail:
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36
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Ikeda M, Takasaki H, Mitsuda N. Thermomemory in shoot apical meristem: Regulation of carbohydrate metabolism and stem cell identity. Mol Plant 2021; 14:1427-1429. [PMID: 34242851 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2021.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Miho Ikeda
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Saitama 338-8570, Japan.
| | - Hironori Takasaki
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Saitama 338-8570, Japan
| | - Nobutaka Mitsuda
- Bioproduction Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Central 6, Tsukuba 305-8566, Japan
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37
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Zeng J, Li X, Ge Q, Dong Z, Luo L, Tian Z, Zhao Z. Endogenous stress-related signal directs shoot stem cell fate in Arabidopsis thaliana. Nat Plants 2021; 7:1276-1287. [PMID: 34354259 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-021-00985-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Stem cell populations in all multicellular organisms are situated in a niche, which is a special microenvironment that defines stem cell fate. The interplay between stem cells and their niches is crucial for stem cell maintenance. Here, we show that an endogenous stress-related signal (ESS) is overrepresented in the shoot stem cell niche under natural growth conditions, and the vast majority of known stem-cell-specific and niche-specific genes responded to stress signals. Interference with the ESS in the stem cell niche by blocking ethylene signalling impaired stem cell maintenance. Ethylene-insensitive 3 (EIN3), the key transcription factor in ethylene signalling, directly actives the expression of the stress hub transcription factor AGAMOUS-LIKE 22 (AGL22) in the stem cell niche and relays ESS signals to the WUSCHEL/CLAVATA network. Our results provide a mechanistic framework for ESS signalling control of the stem cell niche and demonstrate that plant stem cells are maintained by a native stress microenvironment in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zeng
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Xiang Li
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Qiang Ge
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Zhicheng Dong
- School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Linjie Luo
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Zhaoxia Tian
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.
| | - Zhong Zhao
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.
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38
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Tu M, Wang W, Yao N, Cai C, Liu Y, Lin C, Zuo Z, Zhu Q. The transcriptional dynamics during de novo shoot organogenesis of Ma bamboo (Dendrocalamus latiflorus Munro): implication of the contributions of the abiotic stress response in this process. Plant J 2021; 107:1513-1532. [PMID: 34181801 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
De novo shoot organogenesis is an important biotechnological tool for fundamental studies in plant. However, it is difficult in most bamboo species, and the genetic control of this highly dynamic and complicated regeneration process remains unclear. In this study, based on an in-depth analysis at the cellular level, the shoot organogenesis from calli of Ma bamboo (Dendrocalamus latiflorus Munro) was divided into five stages. Subsequently, single-molecule long-read isoform sequencing of tissue samples pooled from all five stages was performed to generate a full-length transcript landscape. A total of 83 971 transcripts, including 73 209 high-quality full-length transcripts, were captured, which served as an annotation reference for the subsequent RNA sequencing analysis. Time-course transcriptome analysis of samples at the abovementioned five stages was conducted to investigate the global gene expression atlas showing genome-wide expression of transcripts during the course of bamboo shoot organogenesis. K-means clustering analysis and stage-specific transcript identification revealed important dynamically expressed transcription regulators that function in bamboo shoot organogenesis. The majority of abiotic stress-responsive genes altered their expression levels during this process, and further experiments demonstrated that exogenous application of moderate but not severe abiotic stress increased the shoot regeneration efficiency. In summary, our study provides an overview of the genetic flow dynamics during bamboo shoot organogenesis. Full-length cDNA sequences generated in this study can serve as a valuable resource for fundamental and applied research in bamboo in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Tu
- Basic Forestry and Proteomics Center (BFPC), College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, China
| | - Wenjia Wang
- Basic Forestry and Proteomics Center (BFPC), College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, China
| | - Nan Yao
- Basic Forestry and Proteomics Center (BFPC), College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, China
| | - Changyang Cai
- Basic Forestry and Proteomics Center (BFPC), College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, China
| | - Yuanyuan Liu
- Basic Forestry and Proteomics Center (BFPC), College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, China
| | - Chentao Lin
- Department of Molecular, Cell & Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Zecheng Zuo
- Basic Forestry and Proteomics Center (BFPC), College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, China
| | - Qiang Zhu
- Basic Forestry and Proteomics Center (BFPC), College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, China
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Wang X, Li MW, Wong FL, Luk CY, Chung CYL, Yung WS, Wang Z, Xie M, Song S, Chung G, Chan TF, Lam HM. Increased copy number of gibberellin 2-oxidase 8 genes reduced trailing growth and shoot length during soybean domestication. Plant J 2021; 107:1739-1755. [PMID: 34245624 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Copy number variations (CNVs) play important roles in crop domestication. However, there is only very limited information on the involvement of CNVs in soybean domestication. Trailing growth and long shoots are soybean adaptations for natural habitats but cause lodging that hampers yield in cultivation. Previous studies have focused on Dt1/2 affecting the indeterminate/determinate growth habit, whereas the possible role of the gibberellin pathway remained unclear. In the present study, quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping of a recombinant inbred population of 460 lines revealed a trailing-growth-and-shoot-length QTL. A CNV region within this QTL was identified, featuring the apical bud-expressed gibberellin 2-oxidase 8A/B, the copy numbers of which were positively correlated with expression levels and negatively with trailing growth and shoot length, and their effects were demonstrated by transgenic soybean and Arabidopsis thaliana. Based on the fixation index, this CNV region underwent intense selection during the initial domestication process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- School of Life Sciences and the Centre for Soybean Research of the State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Man-Wah Li
- School of Life Sciences and the Centre for Soybean Research of the State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Fuk-Ling Wong
- School of Life Sciences and the Centre for Soybean Research of the State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ching-Yee Luk
- School of Life Sciences and the Centre for Soybean Research of the State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Claire Yik-Lok Chung
- School of Life Sciences and the Centre for Soybean Research of the State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wai-Shing Yung
- School of Life Sciences and the Centre for Soybean Research of the State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zhili Wang
- School of Life Sciences and the Centre for Soybean Research of the State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Min Xie
- School of Life Sciences and the Centre for Soybean Research of the State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Shikui Song
- FAFU-UCR Joint Center for Horticultural Biology and Metabolomics, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Gyuhwa Chung
- Department of Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Yeosu, South Korea
| | - Ting-Fung Chan
- School of Life Sciences and the Centre for Soybean Research of the State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, 518000, China
| | - Hon-Ming Lam
- School of Life Sciences and the Centre for Soybean Research of the State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, 518000, China
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Ogasawara S, Ezaki M, Ishida R, Sueyoshi K, Saito S, Hiradate Y, Kudo T, Obara M, Kojima S, Uozumi N, Tanemura K, Hayakawa T. Rice amino acid transporter-like 6 (OsATL6) is involved in amino acid homeostasis by modulating the vacuolar storage of glutamine in roots. Plant J 2021; 107:1616-1630. [PMID: 34216173 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Glutamine is a product of ammonium (NH4+ ) assimilation catalyzed by glutamine synthetase (GS) and glutamate synthase (GOGAT). The growth of NH4+ -preferring paddy rice (Oryza sativa L.) depends on root NH4+ assimilation and the subsequent root-to-shoot allocation of glutamine; however, little is known about the mechanism of glutamine storage in roots. Here, using transcriptome and reverse genetics analyses, we show that the rice amino acid transporter-like 6 (OsATL6) protein exports glutamine to the root vacuoles under NH4+ -replete conditions. OsATL6 was expressed, along with OsGS1;2 and OsNADH-GOGAT1, in wild-type (WT) roots fed with sufficient NH4 Cl, and was induced by glutamine treatment. We generated two independent Tos17 retrotransposon insertion mutants showing reduced OsATL6 expression to determine the function of OsATL6. Compared with segregants lacking the Tos17 insertion, the OsATL6 knock-down mutant seedlings exhibited lower root glutamine content but higher glutamine concentration in the xylem sap and greater shoot growth under NH4+ -replete conditions. The transient expression of monomeric red fluorescent protein-fused OsATL6 in onion epidermal cells confirmed the tonoplast localization of OsATL6. When OsATL6 was expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes, glutamine efflux from the cell into the acidic bath solution increased. Under sufficient NH4+ supply, OsATL6 transiently accumulated in sclerenchyma and pericycle cells, which are located adjacent to the Casparian strip, thus obstructing the apoplastic solute path, and in vascular parenchyma cells of WT roots before the peak accumulation of GS1;2 and NADH-GOGAT1 occurred. These findings suggest that OsATL6 temporarily stores excess glutamine, produced by NH4+ assimilation, in root vacuoles before it can be translocated to the shoot.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saori Ogasawara
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, 468-1 Aramaki Aza-Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8572, Japan
| | - Masataka Ezaki
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, 468-1 Aramaki Aza-Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8572, Japan
| | - Ryusuke Ishida
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, 468-1 Aramaki Aza-Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8572, Japan
| | - Kuni Sueyoshi
- Faculty of Agriculture, Niigata University, 8050 Ikarashi 2-no-cho, Nishi-ku, Niigata, 950-2181, Japan
| | - Shunya Saito
- Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-07 Aobayama, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8579, Japan
| | - Yuki Hiradate
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, 468-1 Aramaki Aza-Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8572, Japan
| | - Toru Kudo
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, 468-1 Aramaki Aza-Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8572, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Obara
- Biological Resources and Post-harvest Division, Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences, 1-1 Ohwashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8686, Japan
| | - Soichi Kojima
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, 468-1 Aramaki Aza-Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8572, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Uozumi
- Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-07 Aobayama, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8579, Japan
| | - Kentaro Tanemura
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, 468-1 Aramaki Aza-Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8572, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Hayakawa
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, 468-1 Aramaki Aza-Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8572, Japan
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Monthony AS, Kyne ST, Grainger CM, Jones AMP. Recalcitrance of Cannabis sativa to de novo regeneration; a multi-genotype replication study. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0235525. [PMID: 34388148 PMCID: PMC8363012 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0235525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cannabis sativa is relatively recalcitrant to de novo regeneration, but several studies have reported shoot organogenesis or somatic embryogenesis from non-meristematic tissues. Most report infrequent regeneration rates from these tissues, but a landmark publication from 2010 achieved regeneration from leaf explants with a 96% response rate, producing an average of 12.3 shoots per explant in a single drug-type accession. Despite the importance regeneration plays in plant biotechnology and the renewed interest in this crop the aforementioned protocol has not been used in subsequent papers in the decade since it was published, raising concerns over its reproducibility. Here we attempted to replicate this important Cannabis regeneration study and expand the original scope of the study by testing it across 10 drug-type C. sativa genotypes to assess genotypic variation. In our study, callus was induced in all 10 genotypes but callus growth and appearance substantially differed among cultivars, with the most responsive genotype producing 6-fold more callus than the least responsive. The shoot induction medium failed to induce shoot organogenesis in any of the 10 cultivars tested, instead resulting in necrosis of the calli. The findings of this replication study raise concerns about the replicability of existing methods. However, some details of the protocol could not be replicated due to missing details in the original paper and regulatory issues, which could have impacted the outcome. These results highlight the importance of using multiple genotypes in such studies and providing detailed methods to facilitate replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian S. Monthony
- Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Sean T. Kyne
- Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
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Seale M. Shoot dominance relationships lead to robust reproductive outputs. Plant Physiol 2021; 186:1750-1751. [PMID: 34618116 PMCID: PMC8331125 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Madeleine Seale
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3RB, UK
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43
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Li Z, Zhang M, Chow WS, Chen F, Xie Z, Fan D. Carbohydrate saving or biomass maintenance: which is the main determinant of the plant's long-term submergence tolerance? Photosynth Res 2021; 149:155-170. [PMID: 33131005 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-020-00791-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
It is hypothesized that plant submergence tolerance could be assessed from the decline of plant biomass due to submergence, as biomass integrates all eco-physiological processes leading to fitness. An alternative hypothesis stated that the consumption rate of carbohydrate is essential in differing tolerance to submergence. In the present study, the responses of biomass, biomass allocation, and carbohydrate content to simulated long-term winter submergence were assessed in four tolerant and four sensitive perennials. The four tolerant perennials occur in a newly established riparian ecosystem created by The Three Gorges Dam, China. They had 100% survival after 120 days' simulated submergence, and had full photosynthesis recovery after 30 days' re-aeration, and the photosynthetic rate was positively related to the growth during the recovery period. Tolerant perennials were characterized by higher carbohydrate levels, compared with the four sensitive perennials (0% survival) at the end of submergence. Additionally, by using a method which simulates posterior estimates, and bootstraps the confidence interval for the difference between strata means, it was found that the biomass response to post-hypoxia, rather than that to submergence, could be a reliable indicator to assess submergence tolerance. Interestingly, the differences of changes in carbohydrate content between tolerant and sensitive perennials during submergence were significant, which were distinct from the biomass response, supporting the hypothesis that tolerant perennials could sacrifice non-vital components of biomass to prioritize the saving of carbohydrates for later recovery. Our study provides some insight into the underlying mechanism(s) of perennials' tolerance to submergence in ecosystems such as temperate wetland and reservoir riparian.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaojia Li
- College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
- Key Laboratory of State Forestry Administration on Tropical Forestry Research, Research Institute of Tropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Guangzhou, 510520, China
| | - Mengmeng Zhang
- College of Life Science, Heilongjiang University, Ha'erbin, 150080, China
| | - Wah Soon Chow
- Division of Plant Sciences, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Acton, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Fangqing Chen
- College of Chemistry and Life Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443000, Hubei, China
| | - Zongqiang Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Dayong Fan
- College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China.
- Division of Plant Sciences, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Acton, ACT, 2601, Australia.
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44
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Hou S, Thiergart T, Vannier N, Mesny F, Ziegler J, Pickel B, Hacquard S. A microbiota-root-shoot circuit favours Arabidopsis growth over defence under suboptimal light. Nat Plants 2021; 7:1078-1092. [PMID: 34226690 PMCID: PMC8367822 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-021-00956-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Bidirectional root-shoot signalling is probably key in orchestrating stress responses and ensuring plant survival. Here, we show that Arabidopsis thaliana responses to microbial root commensals and light are interconnected along a microbiota-root-shoot axis. Microbiota and light manipulation experiments in a gnotobiotic plant system reveal that low photosynthetically active radiation perceived by leaves induces long-distance modulation of root bacterial communities but not fungal or oomycete communities. Reciprocally, microbial commensals alleviate plant growth deficiency under low photosynthetically active radiation. This growth rescue was associated with reduced microbiota-induced aboveground defence responses and altered resistance to foliar pathogens compared with the control light condition. Inspection of a set of A. thaliana mutants reveals that this microbiota- and light-dependent growth-defence trade-off is directly explained by belowground bacterial community composition and requires the host transcriptional regulator MYC2. Our work indicates that aboveground stress responses in plants can be modulated by signals from microbial root commensals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiji Hou
- Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Nathan Vannier
- Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Cologne, Germany
| | - Fantin Mesny
- Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Cologne, Germany
| | - Jörg Ziegler
- Department of Molecular Signal Processing, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Halle, Germany
| | - Brigitte Pickel
- Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Cologne, Germany
| | - Stéphane Hacquard
- Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Cologne, Germany.
- Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Cologne, Germany.
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45
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He J, Jawahir NKB, Qin L. Quantity of supplementary LED lightings regulates photosynthetic apparatus, improves photosynthetic capacity and enhances productivity of Cos lettuce grown in a tropical greenhouse. Photosynth Res 2021; 149:187-199. [PMID: 33475915 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-020-00816-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Although cooling their rootzone allows year-round (temperate) vegetable production in Singapore's warm climate, these crops have frequently experienced increasingly unpredictable cloudy and hazy weather. Supplementary lighting with light-emitting diodes (LEDs) could be used to reduce the impacts of low light intensity. This study investigated the responses of temperate Cos lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) to different quantities (photosynthetic photon flux density, PPFD of 0, 150, 300 µmol m-2 s-1) of supplementary LED lightings in the tropical greenhouse. Increasing light intensity significantly increased total leaf area, shoot and root fresh weight (FW) and dry weight (DW), total chlorophyll (Chl) and carotenoids (Car) contents, light-saturated photosynthetic CO2 assimilation rate (Asat) and transpiration rate (Tr). There were no significant differences in Fv/Fm ratio, total reduced nitrogen, specific leaf area (SLA) and PSII concentration among the three light treatments. However, there was an increasing trend with increasing light intensity for Chl a/b ratio, net photosynthetic O2 evolution rate (PN), cytochrome b6f (Cyt b6f), leaf total soluble protein and Rubisco concentrations. This study provides the basic understanding of photosynthetic apparatus and capacity of temperate crops grown under different supplementary LED lightings in the tropical greenhouse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie He
- Natural Sciences & Science Education, National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Nanyang Walk, Singapore, 637616, Singapore.
| | - Nur Khairunnisa Bte Jawahir
- Natural Sciences & Science Education, National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Nanyang Walk, Singapore, 637616, Singapore
| | - Lin Qin
- Natural Sciences & Science Education, National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Nanyang Walk, Singapore, 637616, Singapore
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46
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Cobb JN, Chen C, Shi Y, Maron LG, Liu D, Rutzke M, Greenberg A, Craft E, Shaff J, Paul E, Akther K, Wang S, Kochian LV, Zhang D, Zhang M, McCouch SR. Genetic architecture of root and shoot ionomes in rice (Oryza sativa L.). Theor Appl Genet 2021; 134:2613-2637. [PMID: 34018019 PMCID: PMC8277617 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-021-03848-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE Association analysis for ionomic concentrations of 20 elements identified independent genetic factors underlying the root and shoot ionomes of rice, providing a platform for selecting and dissecting causal genetic variants. Understanding the genetic basis of mineral nutrient acquisition is key to fully describing how terrestrial organisms interact with the non-living environment. Rice (Oryza sativa L.) serves both as a model organism for genetic studies and as an important component of the global food system. Studies in rice ionomics have primarily focused on above ground tissues evaluated from field-grown plants. Here, we describe a comprehensive study of the genetic basis of the rice ionome in both roots and shoots of 6-week-old rice plants for 20 elements using a controlled hydroponics growth system. Building on the wealth of publicly available rice genomic resources, including a panel of 373 diverse rice lines, 4.8 M genome-wide single-nucleotide polymorphisms, single- and multi-marker analysis pipelines, an extensive tome of 321 candidate genes and legacy QTLs from across 15 years of rice genetics literature, we used genome-wide association analysis and biparental QTL analysis to identify 114 genomic regions associated with ionomic variation. The genetic basis for root and shoot ionomes was highly distinct; 78 loci were associated with roots and 36 loci with shoots, with no overlapping genomic regions for the same element across tissues. We further describe the distribution of phenotypic variation across haplotypes and identify candidate genes within highly significant regions associated with sulfur, manganese, cadmium, and molybdenum. Our analysis provides critical insight into the genetic basis of natural phenotypic variation for both root and shoot ionomes in rice and provides a comprehensive resource for dissecting and testing causal genetic variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua N Cobb
- Plant Breeding and Genetics Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853-1901, USA
- RiceTec Inc, Alvin, TX, 77511, USA
| | - Chen Chen
- Department of Statistics, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907-2054, USA
- Ausy Consulting, Esperantolaan 8, 3001, Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Yuxin Shi
- Plant Breeding and Genetics Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853-1901, USA
| | - Lyza G Maron
- Plant Breeding and Genetics Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853-1901, USA
| | - Danni Liu
- Department of Statistics, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907-2054, USA
| | - Mike Rutzke
- Soil and Crop Sciences Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853-1901, USA
| | - Anthony Greenberg
- Plant Breeding and Genetics Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853-1901, USA
- Bayesic Research, LLC, 452 Sheffield Rd, Ithaca, NY, 14850, USA
| | - Eric Craft
- Soil and Crop Sciences Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853-1901, USA
| | - Jon Shaff
- Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Ithaca, NY, 14853-1901, USA
| | - Edyth Paul
- GeneFlow, Inc, Centreville, VA, 20120, USA
| | - Kazi Akther
- Plant Breeding and Genetics Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853-1901, USA
| | - Shaokui Wang
- Plant Breeding and Genetics Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853-1901, USA
- Department of Plant Breeding, South China Agriculture University, Guangdong, 510642, China
| | - Leon V Kochian
- Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Ithaca, NY, 14853-1901, USA
- Global Institute for Food Security, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 4J8, Canada
| | - Dabao Zhang
- Department of Statistics, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907-2054, USA
| | - Min Zhang
- Department of Statistics, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907-2054, USA.
| | - Susan R McCouch
- Plant Breeding and Genetics Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853-1901, USA.
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de Morais EG, Silva CA, Jindo K. Humic Acid Improves Zn Fertilization in Oxisols Successively Cultivated with Maize-Brachiaria. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26154588. [PMID: 34361755 PMCID: PMC8348479 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26154588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Zinc (Zn) is an essential micronutrient for plant growth, and Zn deficiency is a global issue, especially in tropical soils. This study aimed to investigate the effects of humic acid (HA) and the Zn addition (Zn sulfate + HA) on the growth of maize and brachiaria in two contrasting Oxisols. The potential complexation of Zn sulfate by HA was evaluated by Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy analysis. Zinc content and its availability in solution and the shoot and root biomass of maize and brachiaria were determined. FTIR spectroscopy revealed the complexation of Zn sulfate by HA through its S and C functional groups. In both Oxisols, solution Zn increased due to the combined use of Zn and HA. In a soil type-dependent manner, maize biomass and Zn in its shoots were affected only by the exclusive use of Zn fertilization. In the Yellow Oxisol, brachiaria growth and Zn accumulated in its shoot were positively affected by the combined use of Zn fertilization with HA. In the Oxisol with lower organic matter content, HA can assure adequate supplying of residual Zn, while increasing growth of brachiaria cultivated in sequence to maize.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Carlos Alberto Silva
- Soil Science Department, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras 37200-000, Brazil;
- Correspondence: (C.A.S.); (K.J.)
| | - Keiji Jindo
- Agrosystems Research, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 16, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Correspondence: (C.A.S.); (K.J.)
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48
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Dar ZA, Dar SA, Khan JA, Lone AA, Langyan S, Lone BA, Kanth RH, Iqbal A, Rane J, Wani SH, Alfarraj S, Alharbi SA, Brestic M, Ansari MJ. Identification for surrogate drought tolerance in maize inbred lines utilizing high-throughput phenomics approach. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0254318. [PMID: 34314420 PMCID: PMC8315520 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0254318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Screening for drought tolerance requires precise techniques like phonemics, which is an emerging science aimed at non-destructive methods allowing large-scale screening of genotypes. Large-scale screening complements genomic efforts to identify genes relevant for crop improvement. Thirty maize inbred lines from various sources (exotic and indigenous) maintained at Dryland Agriculture Research Station were used in the current study. In the automated plant transport and imaging systems (LemnaTec Scanalyzer system for large plants), top and side view images were taken of the VIS (visible) and NIR (near infrared) range of the light spectrum to capture phenes. All images were obtained with a thermal imager. All sensors were used to collect images one day after shifting the pots from the greenhouse for 11 days. Image processing was done using pre-processing, segmentation and flowered by features' extraction. Different surrogate traits such as pixel area, plant aspect ratio, convex hull ratio and calliper length were estimated. A strong association was found between canopy temperature and above ground biomass under stress conditions. Promising lines in different surrogates will be utilized in breeding programmes to develop mapping populations for traits of interest related to drought resilience, in terms of improved tissue water status and mapping of genes/QTLs for drought traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahoor A Dar
- Dryland Agricultural Research Station, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences &Technology-Kashmir, Rangreth Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Showket A Dar
- Department of Entomology, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences & Technology of Kashmir, Srinagar-Kargil, Ladakh, India
| | - Jameel A Khan
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, India
| | - Ajaz A Lone
- Dryland Agricultural Research Station, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences &Technology-Kashmir, Rangreth Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Sapna Langyan
- ICAR-National Bureau for Plant Genetic Resources, New Delhi, India
| | - B A Lone
- Department of Agronomy, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences &Technology-Kashmir, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - R H Kanth
- Department of Agronomy, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences &Technology-Kashmir, Wadura Sopore, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Asif Iqbal
- Department of Soil Science, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences &Technology-Kashmir, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Jagdish Rane
- Department of Drought Science, ICAR-NIASM, Baramati, New Delhi, India
| | - Shabir H Wani
- MRCFCF, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences &Technology-Kashmir, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Saleh Alfarraj
- Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sulaiman Ali Alharbi
- Department of Botany & Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Marian Brestic
- Department of Plant Physiology, Slovak University of Agriculture, Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Mohammad Javed Ansari
- Department of Botany, Hindu College Moradabad (Mahatma Jyotiba Phule Rohilkhand University Bareilly), Moradabad, India
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49
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Yan Y, Shi Q, Gong B. S-nitrosoglutathione Reductase-Mediated Nitric Oxide Affects Axillary Buds Outgrowth of Solanum lycopersicum L. by Regulating Auxin and Cytokinin Signaling. Plant Cell Physiol 2021; 62:458-471. [PMID: 33493306 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcab002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Auxin and cytokinin are two kinds of important phytohormones that mediate outgrowth of axillary buds in plants. How nitric oxide and its regulator of S-nitrosoglutathione reductase (GSNOR) take part in auxin and cytokinin signaling for controlling axillary buds outgrowth remains elusive. We investigated the roles of GSNOR during tomato axillary bud outgrowth by using physiological, biochemical and genetic approaches. GSNOR negatively regulated NO homeostasis. Suppression of GSNOR promoted axillary bud outgrowth by inhibiting the expression of FZY in both apical and axillary buds. Meanwhile, AUX1 and PIN1 were down-regulated in apical buds but up-regulated in axillary buds in GSNOR-suppressed plants. Thus, reduced IAA accumulation was shown in both apical buds and axillary buds of GSNOR-suppressed plants. GSNOR-mediated changes of NO and auxin affected cytokinin biosynthesis, transport, and signaling. And a decreased ratio of auxin: cytokinin was shown in axillary buds of GSNOR-suppressed plants, leading to bud dormancy breaking. We also found that the original NO signaling was generated by nitrate reductase (NR) catalyzing nitrate as substrate. NR-mediated NO reduced the GSNOR activity through S-nitrosylation of Cys-10, then induced a further NO burst, which played the above roles to promote axillary buds outgrowth. Together, GSNOR-mediated NO played important roles in controlling axillary buds outgrowth by altering the homeostasis and signaling of auxin and cytokinin in tomato plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, P.R. China
| | - Qinghua Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, P.R. China
| | - Biao Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, P.R. China
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50
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Chen HY, Lin SH, Cheng LH, Wu JJ, Lin YC, Tsay YF. Potential transceptor AtNRT1.13 modulates shoot architecture and flowering time in a nitrate-dependent manner. Plant Cell 2021; 33:1492-1505. [PMID: 33580260 PMCID: PMC8254489 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koab051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Compared with root development regulated by external nutrients, less is known about how internal nutrients are monitored to control plasticity of shoot development. In this study, we characterize an Arabidopsis thaliana transceptor, NRT1.13 (NPF4.4), of the NRT1/PTR/NPF family. Different from most NRT1 transporters, NRT1.13 does not have the conserved proline residue between transmembrane domains 10 and 11; an essential residue for nitrate transport activity in CHL1/NRT1.1/NPF6.3. As expected, when expressed in oocytes, NRT1.13 showed no nitrate transport activity. However, when Ser 487 at the corresponding position was converted back to proline, NRT1.13 S487P regained nitrate uptake activity, suggesting that wild-type NRT1.13 cannot transport nitrate but can bind it. Subcellular localization and β-glucuronidase reporter analyses indicated that NRT1.13 is a plasma membrane protein expressed at the parenchyma cells next to xylem in the petioles and the stem nodes. When plants were grown with a normal concentration of nitrate, nrt1.13 showed no severe growth phenotype. However, when grown under low-nitrate conditions, nrt1.13 showed delayed flowering, increased node number, retarded branch outgrowth, and reduced lateral nitrate allocation to nodes. Our results suggest that NRT1.13 is required for low-nitrate acclimation and that internal nitrate is monitored near the xylem by NRT1.13 to regulate shoot architecture and flowering time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Yu Chen
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529,
Taiwan
| | - Shan-Hua Lin
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529,
Taiwan
| | - Ling-Hsin Cheng
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529,
Taiwan
| | - Jeng-Jong Wu
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529,
Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chen Lin
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529,
Taiwan
| | - Yi-Fang Tsay
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529,
Taiwan
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