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Yang J, Sun Y, Cao F, Yang B, Kuang H. Natural Products from Physalis alkekengi L. var. franchetii (Mast.) Makino: A Review on Their Structural Analysis, Quality Control, Pharmacology, and Pharmacokinetics. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27030695. [PMID: 35163960 PMCID: PMC8840080 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27030695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The calyxes and fruits of Physalis alkekengi L. var. franchetii (Mast.) Makino (P. alkekengi), a medicinal and edible plant, are frequently used as heat-clearing and detoxifying agents in thousands of Chinese medicine prescriptions. For thousands of years in China, they have been widely used in clinical practice to treat throat disease, hepatitis, and bacillary dysentery. This systematic review summarizes their structural analysis, quality control, pharmacology, and pharmacokinetics. Furthermore, the possible development trends and perspectives for future research studies on this medicinal plant are discussed. Relevant information on the calyxes and fruits of P. alkekengi was collected from electronic databases, Chinese herbal classics, and Chinese Pharmacopoeia. Moreover, information was collected from ancient documents in China. The components isolated and identified in P. alkekengi include steroids, flavonoids, phenylpropanoids, alkaloids, nucleosides, terpenoids, megastigmane, aliphatic derivatives, organic acids, coumarins, and sucrose esters. Steroids, particularly physalins and flavonoids, are the major characteristic and bioactive ingredients in P. alkekengi. According to the literature, physalins are synthesized by the mevalonate and 2-C-methyl-d-erythritol-4-phosphate pathways, and flavonoids are synthesized by the phenylpropanoid pathway. Since the chemical components and pharmacological effects of P. alkekengi are complex and varied, there are different standards for the evaluation of its quality and efficacy. In most cases, the analysis was performed using high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with ultraviolet detection. A pharmacological study showed that the crude extracts and isolated compounds from P. alkekengi had extensive in vitro and in vivo biological activities (e.g., anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, immunosuppressive, antibacterial, anti-leishmanial, anti-asthmatic, anti-diabetic, anti-oxidative, anti-malarial, anti-Alzheimer's disease, and vasodilatory). Moreover, the relevant anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor mechanisms were elucidated. The reported activities indicate the great pharmacological potential of P. alkekengi. Similarly, studies on the pharmacokinetics of specific compounds will also contribute to the progress of clinical research in this setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yang
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao, Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, China; (J.Y.); (Y.S.); (B.Y.)
| | - Yanping Sun
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao, Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, China; (J.Y.); (Y.S.); (B.Y.)
| | - Feng Cao
- Ganjiang Chinese Medicine Innovation Center, Nanchang 330000, China;
| | - Bingyou Yang
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao, Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, China; (J.Y.); (Y.S.); (B.Y.)
| | - Haixue Kuang
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao, Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, China; (J.Y.); (Y.S.); (B.Y.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-0451-82197188
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Rengasamy N, Othman RY, Che HS, Harikrishna JA. Beyond the PAR spectra: impact of light quality on the germination, flowering, and metabolite content of Stevia rebaudiana (Bertoni). J Sci Food Agric 2022; 102:299-311. [PMID: 34091912 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.11359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stevia rebaudiana is a high value crop due to the strong commercial demand for its metabolites (steviol glycosides) but has limited geographical cultivation range. In non-native environments with different daylength and light quality, Stevia has low germination rates and early flowering resulting in lower biomass and poor yield of the desired metabolites. In this study, artificial lighting with light-emitting diodes (LEDs) was used to determine if different light quality within and outside of the photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) range can be used to improve germination rates and yields for production of steviol glycosides for the herbal supplement and food industry. RESULTS Plants treated with red and blue light at an intensity of 130 μmol m-2 s-1 supplemented with 5% of UV-A light under a 16-h photoperiod produced the most desirable overall results with a high rate of germination, low percentage of early flowering, and high yields of dry leaf, stevioside and rebaudioside A, 175 days after planting. CONCLUSION While red and blue light combinations are effective for plant growth, the use of supplemental non-PAR irradiation of UV-A wavelength significantly and desirably delayed flowering, enhanced germination, biomass, rebaudioside A and stevioside yields, while supplemental green light improved yield of biomass and rebaudioside A, but not stevioside. Overall, the combination of red, blue and UV-A light resulted in the best overall productivity for Stevia rebaudiana. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narendren Rengasamy
- Higher Institution Centre of Excellence (HICoE), UM Power Energy Dedicated Advanced Centre (UMPEDAC), Level 4, Wisma R&D University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Rofina Y Othman
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Centre for Research in Biotechnology for Agriculture (CEBAR), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Hang S Che
- Higher Institution Centre of Excellence (HICoE), UM Power Energy Dedicated Advanced Centre (UMPEDAC), Level 4, Wisma R&D University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Jennifer A Harikrishna
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Centre for Research in Biotechnology for Agriculture (CEBAR), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Aghdam MS, Ebrahimi A, Sheikh-Assadi M. Phytosulfokine α (PSKα) delays senescence and reinforces SUMO1/SUMO E3 ligase SIZ1 signaling pathway in cut rose flowers (Rosa hybrida cv. Angelina). Sci Rep 2021; 11:23227. [PMID: 34853400 PMCID: PMC8636500 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-02712-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Roses are widely used as cut flowers worldwide. Petal senescence confines the decorative quality of cut rose flowers, an impressively considerable economic loss. Herein, we investigated the SUMO1/SUMO E3 ligase SIZ1 signaling pathway during bud opening, and petal senescence of cut rose flowers. Our results exhibited that the higher expression of SUMO1 and SUMO E3 ligase SIZ1 during bud opening was accompanied by lower endogenous H2O2 accumulation arising from higher expression and activities of SOD, CAT, APX, and GR, promoting proline accumulation by increasing P5CS expression and activity and enhancing GABA accumulation by increasing GAD expression and activity. In harvested flowers, lower expressions of SUMO1 and SUMO E3 ligase SIZ1 during petal senescence were associated with higher endogenous H2O2 accumulation due to lower expression and activities of SOD, CAT, APX, and GR. Therefore, promoting the activity of the GABA shunt pathway as realized by higher expression and activities of GABA-T and SSADH accompanied by increasing OAT expression and activity for sufficiently supply proline in rose flowers during petal senescence might serve as an endogenous antisenescence mechanism for slowing down petals senescence by avoiding endogenous H2O2 accumulation. Following phytosulfokine α (PSKα) application, postponing petal senescence in cut rose flowers could be ascribed to higher expression of SUMO1 and SUMO E3 ligase SIZ1 accompanied by higher expression and activities of SOD, CAT, APX, and GR, higher activity of GABA shunt pathway as realized by higher expression and activities of GAD, GABA-T, and SSADH, higher expression and activities of P5CS and OAT for supplying proline and higher expression of HSP70 and HSP90. Therefore, our results highlight the potential of the PSKα as a promising antisenescence signaling peptide in the floriculture industry for postponing senescence and extending the vase life of cut rose flowers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morteza Soleimani Aghdam
- Department of Horticultural Science, Imam Khomeini International University, 34148-96818, Qazvin, Iran.
| | - Amin Ebrahimi
- Department of Agriculture and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahrood University of Technology, Semnan, Iran
| | - Morteza Sheikh-Assadi
- Department of Horticultural Science, University College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
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Rani P, Saini I, Singh N, Kaushik P, Wijaya L, Al-Barty A, Darwish H, Noureldeen A. Effect of potassium fertilizer on the growth, physiological parameters, and water status of Brassica juncea cultivars under different irrigation regimes. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0257023. [PMID: 34555032 PMCID: PMC8459943 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0257023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Abiotic stress, especially a lack of water, can significantly reduce crop yields. In this study, we evaluated the physiological and biochemical effects of potassium sulfate (K2SO4) fertilizer and varied irrigation regimes on the economically significant oilseed crop, Brassica juncea L, under open field conditions. Two cultivars (RH-725 and RH-749) of B. juncea were used in a randomized complete block design experiment with three replicates. Irrigation regimes consisted of a control (double irrigation: once at the 50% flowering and another at 50% fruiting stages), early irrigation (at 50% flowering only), late irrigation (at 50% fruiting only) and stress (no irrigation). The K2SO4 applications were: control (K0, no fertilization); K1, 10 kg ha-1; and K2, 20 kg ha-1. We measured growth via fresh and dry plant weight, plant height, root length, and leaf area. All the growth parameters were higher in RH-749. The physiological attributes, including the membrane stability index and relative water content, were higher at the 50% flowering stage in RH-749. The amount of antioxidant enzymes (catalase (CAT), guaiacol peroxidase (POX), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), and superoxide dismutase (SOD)) was enhanced when both plants were fertilized during water stress. All of these enzymes had higher activity in RH-749. The total chlorophyll content and photosynthesis rate were considerably higher in RH-749, which leaked fewer electrolytes and maintained a less destructive osmotic potential under limited water conditions. The results indicated that it is water-stress tolerant when given a high concentration of K2SO4, which alleviated the adverse effects of water stress on growth and physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preeti Rani
- Department of Botany, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, Haryana, India
| | - Ishan Saini
- Department of Botany, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, Haryana, India
| | - Narender Singh
- Department of Botany, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, Haryana, India
| | - Prashant Kaushik
- Instituto de Conservación y Mejora de la Agrodiversidad Valenciana, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Leonard Wijaya
- Department of Biology, Institut Teknologi Sumatera, Jalan Terusan Ryacudu, Way Hui, Jati Agung, South Lampung, Indonesia
| | - Amal Al-Barty
- Department of Biology, College of Sciences, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hadeer Darwish
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Sciences, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Noureldeen
- Department of Biology, College of Sciences, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
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Zhang X, Shen H, Wen B, Li S, Xu C, Gai Y, Meng X, He H, Wang N, Li D, Chen X, Xiao W, Fu X, Tan Q, Li L. BTB-TAZ Domain Protein PpBT3 modulates peach bud endodormancy by interacting with PpDAM5. Plant Sci 2021; 310:110956. [PMID: 34315582 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2021.110956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The dormancy-associated MADS-box (DAM) gene DAM5 has crucial roles in bud endodormancy; however, the molecular regulatory mechanism of PpDAM5 in peach (Prunus persica) has not been elucidated. In this study, using yeast two-hybrid screening, we isolated a BTB-TAZ Domain Protein PpBT3, which interacts with PpDAM5 protein, in the peach cultivar 'Chun xue'. As expected, we found that abscisic acid (ABA) maintained bud endodormancy and induced expression of the PpDAM5 gene, and that over-expressing PpDAM5 in Arabidopsis thaliana repressed seed germination. In contrast, over-expressing PpBT3 in A. thaliana promoted seed germination, and conferred resistance to ABA-mediated germination inhibition. Additionally, a qRT-PCR (quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction) experiment suggested that the transcript level of PpBT3 gradually increased towards the endodormancy release period, which is the opposite trend of the expression pattern of PpDAM5. Our results suggest that PpBT3 modulates peach bud endodormancy by interacting with PpDAM5, thus revealing a new mechanism for regulating bud dormancy of perennial deciduous trees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinhao Zhang
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, PR China; Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Fruit & Vegetable Production with High Quality and Efficiency, Tai'an, 271018, PR China
| | - Hongyan Shen
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, PR China; Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Fruit & Vegetable Production with High Quality and Efficiency, Tai'an, 271018, PR China
| | - Binbin Wen
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, PR China; Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Fruit & Vegetable Production with High Quality and Efficiency, Tai'an, 271018, PR China
| | - Sen Li
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, PR China; Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Fruit & Vegetable Production with High Quality and Efficiency, Tai'an, 271018, PR China
| | - Chen Xu
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, PR China; Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Fruit & Vegetable Production with High Quality and Efficiency, Tai'an, 271018, PR China
| | - Yu Gai
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, PR China; Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Fruit & Vegetable Production with High Quality and Efficiency, Tai'an, 271018, PR China
| | - Xiangguang Meng
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, PR China; Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Fruit & Vegetable Production with High Quality and Efficiency, Tai'an, 271018, PR China
| | - Huajie He
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, PR China; Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Fruit & Vegetable Production with High Quality and Efficiency, Tai'an, 271018, PR China
| | - Ning Wang
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, PR China; Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Fruit & Vegetable Production with High Quality and Efficiency, Tai'an, 271018, PR China
| | - Dongmei Li
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, PR China; Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Fruit & Vegetable Production with High Quality and Efficiency, Tai'an, 271018, PR China
| | - Xiude Chen
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, PR China; Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Fruit & Vegetable Production with High Quality and Efficiency, Tai'an, 271018, PR China
| | - Wei Xiao
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, PR China; Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Fruit & Vegetable Production with High Quality and Efficiency, Tai'an, 271018, PR China
| | - Xiling Fu
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, PR China; Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Fruit & Vegetable Production with High Quality and Efficiency, Tai'an, 271018, PR China
| | - Qiuping Tan
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, PR China; Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Fruit & Vegetable Production with High Quality and Efficiency, Tai'an, 271018, PR China; College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, PR China.
| | - Ling Li
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, PR China; Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Fruit & Vegetable Production with High Quality and Efficiency, Tai'an, 271018, PR China.
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Yuxi Z, Yanchao Y, Zejun L, Tao Z, Feng L, Chunying L, Shupeng G. GA 3 is superior to GA 4 in promoting bud endodormancy release in tree peony (Paeonia suffruticosa) and their potential working mechanism. BMC Plant Biol 2021; 21:323. [PMID: 34225663 PMCID: PMC8256580 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-021-03106-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sufficient low temperature accumulation is the key strategy to break bud dormancy and promote subsequent flowering in tree peony anti-season culturing production. Exogenous gibberellins (GAs) could partially replace chilling to accelerate dormancy release, and different kinds of GAs showed inconsistent effects in various plants. To understand the effects of exogenous GA3 and GA4 on dormancy release and subsequent growth, the morphological changes were observed after exogenous GAs applications, the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified, and the contents of endogenous phytohormones, starch and sugar were measured, respectively. RESULTS Morphological observation and photosynthesis measurements indicated that both GA3 and GA4 applications accelerated bud dormancy release, but GA3 feeding induced faster bud burst, higher shoot and more flowers per plant. Full-length transcriptome of dormant bud was used as the reference genome. Totally 124 110 459, 124 015 148 and 126 239 836 reads by illumina transcriptome sequencing were obtained in mock, GA3 and GA4 groups, respectively. Compared with the mock, there were 879 DEGs and 2 595 DEGs in GA3 and GA4 group, 1 179 DEGs in GA3 vs GA4, and 849 DEGs were common in these comparison groups. The significant enrichment KEGG pathways of 849 DEGs highlighted plant hormone signal transduction, starch and sucrose metabolism, cell cycle, DNA replication, etc. Interestingly, the contents of endogenous GA1, GA3, GA4, GA7 and IAA significantly increased, ABA decreased after GA3 and GA4 treatments by LC-MS/MS. Additionally, the soluble glucose, fructose and trehalose increased after exogenous GAs applications. Compared to GA4 treatment, GA3 induced higher GA1, GA3 and IAA level, more starch degradation to generate more monosaccharide for use, and promoted cell cycle and photosynthesis. Higher expression levels of dormancy-related genes, TFL, FT, EBB1, EBB3 and CYCD, and lower of SVP by GA3 treatment implied more efficiency of GA3. CONCLUSIONS Exogenous GA3 and GA4 significantly accelerated bud dormancy release and subsequent growth by increasing the contents of endogenous bioactive GAs, IAA, and soluble glucose such as fructose and trehalose, and accelerated cell cycle process, accompanied by decreasing ABA contents. GA3 was superior to GA4 in tree peony forcing culture, which might because tree peony was more sensitive to GA3 than GA4, and GA3 had a more effective ability to induce cell division and starch hydrolysis. These results provided the value data for understanding the mechanism of dormancy release in tree peony.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhang Yuxi
- College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109 China
- University Key Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology in Shandong Province, Qingdao, 266109 China
| | - Yuan Yanchao
- College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109 China
- University Key Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology in Shandong Province, Qingdao, 266109 China
| | - Liu Zejun
- College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109 China
- University Key Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology in Shandong Province, Qingdao, 266109 China
| | - Zhang Tao
- College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109 China
- University Key Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology in Shandong Province, Qingdao, 266109 China
| | - Li Feng
- College of Landscape Architecture and Forestry, Qingdao Agriculture University, Qingdao, 266109 Shandong China
| | - Liu Chunying
- College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109 China
- University Key Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology in Shandong Province, Qingdao, 266109 China
| | - Gai Shupeng
- College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109 China
- University Key Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology in Shandong Province, Qingdao, 266109 China
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Chen HY, Lin SH, Cheng LH, Wu JJ, Lin YC, Tsay YF. Potential transceptor AtNRT1.13 modulates shoot architecture and flowering time in a nitrate-dependent manner. Plant Cell 2021; 33:1492-1505. [PMID: 33580260 PMCID: PMC8254489 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koab051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Compared with root development regulated by external nutrients, less is known about how internal nutrients are monitored to control plasticity of shoot development. In this study, we characterize an Arabidopsis thaliana transceptor, NRT1.13 (NPF4.4), of the NRT1/PTR/NPF family. Different from most NRT1 transporters, NRT1.13 does not have the conserved proline residue between transmembrane domains 10 and 11; an essential residue for nitrate transport activity in CHL1/NRT1.1/NPF6.3. As expected, when expressed in oocytes, NRT1.13 showed no nitrate transport activity. However, when Ser 487 at the corresponding position was converted back to proline, NRT1.13 S487P regained nitrate uptake activity, suggesting that wild-type NRT1.13 cannot transport nitrate but can bind it. Subcellular localization and β-glucuronidase reporter analyses indicated that NRT1.13 is a plasma membrane protein expressed at the parenchyma cells next to xylem in the petioles and the stem nodes. When plants were grown with a normal concentration of nitrate, nrt1.13 showed no severe growth phenotype. However, when grown under low-nitrate conditions, nrt1.13 showed delayed flowering, increased node number, retarded branch outgrowth, and reduced lateral nitrate allocation to nodes. Our results suggest that NRT1.13 is required for low-nitrate acclimation and that internal nitrate is monitored near the xylem by NRT1.13 to regulate shoot architecture and flowering time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Yu Chen
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529,
Taiwan
| | - Shan-Hua Lin
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529,
Taiwan
| | - Ling-Hsin Cheng
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529,
Taiwan
| | - Jeng-Jong Wu
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529,
Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chen Lin
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529,
Taiwan
| | - Yi-Fang Tsay
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529,
Taiwan
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Marciniak K, Przedniczek K. Anther dehiscence is regulated by gibberellic acid in yellow lupine (Lupinus luteus L.). BMC Plant Biol 2021; 21:314. [PMID: 34215194 PMCID: PMC8252261 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-021-03085-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anther dehiscence resulting in the release of pollen grains is tightly regulated in a spatiotemporal manner by various factors. In yellow lupine (Lupinus luteus L.), a species that shows cleistogamy, the anthers split before the flowers open, but the course and regulation of this process are unknown. The specific control of anther development takes place via hormonal pathways, the wide action of which ensures reproductive success. In our previous research concerning flower and early pod development in yellow lupine, we showed that the lowest transcript level of LlDELLA1, a main repressor of gibberellin (GA) signalling, occurs approximately at the time of anther opening; therefore, the main purpose of this study was to precisely investigate the gibberellic acid (GA3)-dependent regulation of the anther dehiscence in this species. RESULTS In this paper, we showed the specific changes in the yellow lupine anther structure during dehiscence, including secondary thickening in the endothecium by lignocellulosic deposition, enzymatic cell wall breakdown at the septum/stomium and cell degeneration via programmed cell death (PCD), and identified several genes widely associated with this process. The expression profile of genes varied over time, with the most intense mRNA accumulation in the phases prior to or at the time of anther opening. The transcriptional activity also revealed that these genes are highly coexpressed and regulated in a GA-dependent manner. The cellular and tissue localization of GA3 showed that these molecules are present before anther opening, mainly in septum cells, near the vascular bundle and in the endothecium, and that they are subsequently undetectable. GA3 localization strongly correlates with the transcriptional activity of genes related to GA biosynthesis and deactivation. The results also suggest that GA3 controls LlGAMYB expression via an LlMIR159-dependent pathway. CONCLUSIONS The presented results show a clear contribution of GA3 in the control of the extensive anther dehiscence process in yellow lupine. Understanding the processes underlying pollen release at the hormonal and molecular levels is a significant aspect of controlling fertility in this economically important legume crop species and is of increasing interest to breeders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Marciniak
- Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Department of Plant Physiology and Biotechnology, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Lwowska 1 St, 87-100, Toruń, Poland.
| | - Krzysztof Przedniczek
- Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Department of Plant Physiology and Biotechnology, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Lwowska 1 St, 87-100, Toruń, Poland
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Cheng C, Yu Q, Wang Y, Wang H, Dong Y, Ji Y, Zhou X, Li Y, Jiang CZ, Gan SS, Zhao L, Fei Z, Gao J, Ma N. Ethylene-regulated asymmetric growth of the petal base promotes flower opening in rose (Rosa hybrida). Plant Cell 2021; 33:1229-1251. [PMID: 33693903 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koab031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Flowers are the core reproductive structures and key distinguishing features of angiosperms. Flower opening to expose stamens and gynoecia is important in cases where pollinators much be attracted to promote cross-pollination, which can enhance reproductive success and species preservation. The floral opening process is accompanied by the coordinated movement of various floral organs, particularly petals. However, the mechanisms underlying petal movement and flower opening are not well understood. Here, we integrated anatomical, physiological, and molecular approaches to determine the petal movement regulatory network using rose (Rosa hybrida) as a model. We found that PETAL MOVEMENT-RELATED PROTEIN1 (RhPMP1), a homeodomain transcription factor (TF) gene, is a direct target of ETHYLENE INSENSITIVE3, a TF that functions downstream of ethylene signaling. RhPMP1 expression was upregulated by ethylene and specifically activated endoreduplication of parenchyma cells on the adaxial side of the petal (ADSP) base by inducing the expression of RhAPC3b, a gene encoding the core subunit of the Anaphase-Promoting Complex. Cell expansion of the parenchyma on the ADSP base was subsequently enhanced, thus resulting in asymmetric growth of the petal base, leading to the typical epinastic movement of petals and flower opening. These findings provide insights into the pathway regulating petal movement and associated flower-opening mechanisms.�.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxia Cheng
- Department of Ornamental Horticulture, State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Qin Yu
- Department of Ornamental Horticulture, State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yaru Wang
- Department of Ornamental Horticulture, State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Hong Wang
- Department of Ornamental Horticulture, State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yuhan Dong
- Department of Ornamental Horticulture, State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yuqi Ji
- Department of Ornamental Horticulture, State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xiaofeng Zhou
- Department of Ornamental Horticulture, State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yonghong Li
- School of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Polytechnic, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Cai-Zhong Jiang
- United States Department of Agriculture, Crop Pathology and Genetic Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, Davis, California 95616
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California Davis, Davis, California 95616
| | - Su-Sheng Gan
- Plant Biology Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853
| | - Liangjun Zhao
- Department of Ornamental Horticulture, State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhangjun Fei
- Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853
- USDA Robert W Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, Ithaca, New York 14853
| | - Junping Gao
- Department of Ornamental Horticulture, State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Nan Ma
- Department of Ornamental Horticulture, State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
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10
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Fatima M, Ma X, Zhou P, Zaynab M, Ming R. Auxin regulated metabolic changes underlying sepal retention and development after pollination in spinach. BMC Plant Biol 2021; 21:166. [PMID: 33823793 PMCID: PMC8022616 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-021-02944-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pollination accelerate sepal development that enhances plant fitness by protecting seeds in female spinach. This response requires pollination signals that result in the remodeling within the sepal cells for retention and development, but the regulatory mechanism for this response is still unclear. To investigate the early pollination-induced metabolic changes in sepal, we utilize the high-throughput RNA-seq approach. RESULTS Spinach variety 'Cornel 9' was used for differentially expressed gene analysis followed by experiments of auxin analog and auxin inhibitor treatments. We first compared the candidate transcripts expressed differentially at different time points (12H, 48H, and 96H) after pollination and detected significant difference in Trp-dependent auxin biosynthesis and auxin modulation and transduction process. Furthermore, several auxin regulatory pathways i.e. cell division, cell wall expansion, and biogenesis were activated from pollination to early developmental symptoms in sepals following pollination. To further confirm the role auxin genes play in the sepal development, auxin analog (2, 4-D; IAA) and auxin transport inhibitor (NPA) with different concentrations gradient were sprayed to the spinach unpollinated and pollinated flowers, respectively. NPA treatment resulted in auxin transport weakening that led to inhibition of sepal development at concentration 0.1 and 1 mM after pollination. 2, 4-D and IAA treatment to unpollinated flowers resulted in sepal development at lower concentration but wilting at higher concentration. CONCLUSION We hypothesized that sepal retention and development might have associated with auxin homeostasis that regulates the sepal size by modulating associated pathways. These findings advanced the understanding of this unusual phenomenon of sepal growth instead of abscission after pollination in spinach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahpara Fatima
- College of Agriculture, FAFU and UIUC-SIB Joint Center for Genomics and Biotechnology, National Sugarcane Engineering Technology Research Center, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002 Fujian China
| | - Xiaokai Ma
- College of Agriculture, FAFU and UIUC-SIB Joint Center for Genomics and Biotechnology, National Sugarcane Engineering Technology Research Center, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002 Fujian China
| | - Ping Zhou
- College of Agriculture, FAFU and UIUC-SIB Joint Center for Genomics and Biotechnology, National Sugarcane Engineering Technology Research Center, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002 Fujian China
| | - Madiha Zaynab
- College of Agriculture, FAFU and UIUC-SIB Joint Center for Genomics and Biotechnology, National Sugarcane Engineering Technology Research Center, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002 Fujian China
| | - Ray Ming
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801 USA
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11
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Wilmowicz E, Kućko A, Pokora W, Kapusta M, Jasieniecka-Gazarkiewicz K, Tranbarger TJ, Wolska M, Panek K. EPIP-Evoked Modifications of Redox, Lipid, and Pectin Homeostasis in the Abscission Zone of Lupine Flowers. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:3001. [PMID: 33809409 PMCID: PMC7999084 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22063001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Yellow lupine is a great model for abscission-related research given that excessive flower abortion reduces its yield. It has been previously shown that the EPIP peptide, a fragment of LlIDL (INFLORESCENCE DEFICIENT IN ABSCISSION) amino-acid sequence, is a sufficient molecule to induce flower abortion, however, the question remains: What are the exact changes evoked by this peptide locally in abscission zone (AZ) cells? Therefore, we used EPIP peptide to monitor specific modifications accompanied by early steps of flower abscission directly in the AZ. EPIP stimulates the downstream elements of the pathway-HAESA and MITOGEN-ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASE6 and induces cellular symptoms indicating AZ activation. The EPIP treatment disrupts redox homeostasis, involving the accumulation of H2O2 and upregulation of the enzymatic antioxidant system including superoxide dismutase, catalase, and ascorbate peroxidase. A weakening of the cell wall structure in response to EPIP is reflected by pectin demethylation, while a changing pattern of fatty acids and acyl lipids composition suggests a modification of lipid metabolism. Notably, the formation of a signaling molecule-phosphatidic acid is induced locally in EPIP-treated AZ. Collectively, all these changes indicate the switching of several metabolic and signaling pathways directly in the AZ in response to EPIP, which inevitably leads to flower abscission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilia Wilmowicz
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biotechnology, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 1 Lwowska Street, 87-100 Toruń, Poland; (M.W.); (K.P.)
| | - Agata Kućko
- Department of Plant Physiology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW (WULS-SGGW), Nowoursynowska 159 Street, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Wojciech Pokora
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biotechnology, University of Gdańsk, 59 Wita Stwosza, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland;
| | - Małgorzata Kapusta
- Department of Plant Cytology and Embryology, University of Gdańsk, 59 Wita Stwosza, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland;
| | | | - Timothy John Tranbarger
- UMR DIADE, IRD Centre de Montpellier, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Université de Montpellier, 911 Avenue Agropolis BP 64501, 34394 CEDEX 5 Montpellier, France;
| | - Magdalena Wolska
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biotechnology, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 1 Lwowska Street, 87-100 Toruń, Poland; (M.W.); (K.P.)
| | - Katarzyna Panek
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biotechnology, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 1 Lwowska Street, 87-100 Toruń, Poland; (M.W.); (K.P.)
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12
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Boff S, Scheiner R, Raizer J, Lupi D. Survival rate and changes in foraging performances of solitary bees exposed to a novel insecticide. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2021; 211:111869. [PMID: 33450537 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Solitary bees are among the most important pollinators worldwide however population declines especially in croplands has been noticed. The novel pesticide sulfoxaflor is a competitive modulator of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR) in insects. While there is evidence of a negative impact of neonicotinoids on bees of several social organization levels, our overall knowledge on the impact of sulfoxaflor on bees is poor. Here we present for the first time a study showing effects of field realistic doses of sulfoxaflor on solitary bees. Bees submitted to long term exposure of field realistic doses of sulfoxaflor (5 µg dm-3, 10 µg dm-3, 50 µg dm-3) and control were observed regarding their survival rate. Moreover, we recorded metrics related to flower visitation and flight performance. We discover that the highest field realistic dose is lethal to Osmia bicornis along five days of exposure. The effect of sulfoxaflor reduces the outcome of foraging, important features for fruit and seed production of cross-pollinated plant species. Bees exposed to pesticide visited flowers mostly walking rather than flying. Flight performance was also impaired by the pesticide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Boff
- Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg 97074, Germany; Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, University of Milan, Milan 20133, Italy.
| | - Ricarda Scheiner
- Behavioural Physiology and Sociobiology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg 97074, Germany
| | - Josué Raizer
- Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados 79840-970, Brazil
| | - Daniela Lupi
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, University of Milan, Milan 20133, Italy
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13
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Martignago D, Siemiatkowska B, Lombardi A, Conti L. Abscisic Acid and Flowering Regulation: Many Targets, Different Places. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21249700. [PMID: 33353251 PMCID: PMC7767233 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21249700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Plants can react to drought stress by anticipating flowering, an adaptive strategy for plant survival in dry climates known as drought escape (DE). In Arabidopsis, the study of DE brought to surface the involvement of abscisic acid (ABA) in controlling the floral transition. A central question concerns how and in what spatial context can ABA signals affect the floral network. In the leaf, ABA signaling affects flowering genes responsible for the production of the main florigen FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT). At the shoot apex, FD and FD-like transcription factors interact with FT and FT-like proteins to regulate ABA responses. This knowledge will help separate general and specific roles of ABA signaling with potential benefits to both biology and agriculture.
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14
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Tang S, Liu DX, Lu S, Yu L, Li Y, Lin S, Li L, Du Z, Liu X, Li X, Ma W, Yang QY, Guo L. Development and screening of EMS mutants with altered seed oil content or fatty acid composition in Brassica napus. Plant J 2020; 104:1410-1422. [PMID: 33048384 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Brassica napus is an important oilseed crop in the world, and the mechanism of seed oil biosynthesis in B. napus remains unclear. In order to study the mechanism of oil biosynthesis and generate germplasms for breeding, an ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) mutant population with ~100 000 M2 lines was generated using Zhongshuang 11 as the parent line. The EMS-induced genome-wide mutations in M2-M4 plants were assessed. The average number of mutations including single nucleotide polymorphisms and insertion/deletion in M2-M4 was 21 177, 28 675 and 17 915, respectively. The effects of the mutations on gene function were predicted in M2-M4 mutants, respectively. We screened the seeds from 98 113 M2 lines, and 9415 seed oil content and fatty acid mutants were identified. We further confirmed 686 mutants with altered seed oil content and fatty acid in advanced generation (M4 seeds). Five representative M4 mutants with increased oleic acid were re-sequenced, and the potential causal variations in FAD2 and ROD1 genes were identified. This study generated and screened a large scale of B. napus EMS mutant population, and the identified mutants could provide useful genetic resources for the study of oil biosynthesis and genetic improvement of seed oil content and fatty acid composition of B. napus in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Tang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Dong-Xu Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Agricultural Bioinformatics, College of Informatics, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Shaoping Lu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Liangqian Yu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yuqing Li
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Shengli Lin
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Long Li
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Zhuolin Du
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Xiao Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Xiao Li
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Wei Ma
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637551, Singapore
| | - Qing-Yong Yang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Agricultural Bioinformatics, College of Informatics, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Liang Guo
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
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15
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Ding B, Xia R, Lin Q, Gurung V, Sagawa JM, Stanley LE, Strobel M, Diggle PK, Meyers BC, Yuan YW. Developmental Genetics of Corolla Tube Formation: Role of the tasiRNA- ARF Pathway and a Conceptual Model. Plant Cell 2020; 32:3452-3468. [PMID: 32917737 PMCID: PMC7610285 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.18.00471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Over 80,000 angiosperm species produce flowers with petals fused into a corolla tube. The corolla tube contributes to the tremendous diversity of flower morphology and plays a critical role in plant reproduction, yet it remains one of the least understood plant structures from a developmental genetics perspective. Through mutant analyses and transgenic experiments, we show that the tasiRNA-ARF pathway is required for corolla tube formation in the monkeyflower species Mimulus lewisii Loss-of-function mutations in the M. lewisii orthologs of ARGONAUTE7 and SUPPRESSOR OF GENE SILENCING3 cause a dramatic decrease in abundance of TAS3-derived small RNAs and a moderate upregulation of AUXIN RESPONSE FACTOR3 (ARF3) and ARF4, which lead to inhibition of lateral expansion of the bases of petal primordia and complete arrest of the upward growth of the interprimordial regions, resulting in unfused corollas. Using the DR5 auxin-responsive promoter, we discovered that auxin signaling is continuous along the petal primordium base and the interprimordial region during the critical stage of corolla tube formation in the wild type, similar to the spatial pattern of MlARF4 expression. Auxin response is much weaker and more restricted in the mutant. Furthermore, exogenous application of a polar auxin transport inhibitor to wild-type floral apices disrupted petal fusion. Together, these results suggest a new conceptual model highlighting the central role of auxin-directed synchronized growth of the petal primordium base and the interprimordial region in corolla tube formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baoqing Ding
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269
| | - Rui Xia
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, Missouri 63132
| | - Qiaoshan Lin
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269
| | - Vandana Gurung
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269
| | - Janelle M Sagawa
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269
| | - Lauren E Stanley
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269
| | - Matthew Strobel
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269
| | - Pamela K Diggle
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269
| | - Blake C Meyers
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, Missouri 63132
- Division of Plant Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211
| | - Yao-Wu Yuan
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269
- Institute for Systems Genomics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269
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16
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Burr CA, Sun J, Yamburenko MV, Willoughby A, Hodgens C, Boeshore SL, Elmore A, Atkinson J, Nimchuk ZL, Bishopp A, Schaller GE, Kieber JJ. The HK5 and HK6 cytokinin receptors mediate diverse developmental pathways in rice. Development 2020; 147:dev191734. [PMID: 33028608 PMCID: PMC7648598 DOI: 10.1242/dev.191734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The phytohormone cytokinin regulates diverse aspects of plant growth and development. Our understanding of the metabolism and perception of cytokinin has made great strides in recent years, mostly from studies of the model dicot Arabidopsis Here, we employed a CRISPR/Cas9-based approach to disrupt a subset of cytokinin histidine kinase (HK) receptors in rice (Oryza sativa) in order to explore the role of cytokinin in a monocot species. In hk5 and hk6 single mutants, the root growth, leaf width, inflorescence architecture and/or floral development were affected. The double hk5 hk6 mutant showed more substantial defects, including severely reduced root and shoot growth, a smaller shoot apical meristem, and an enlarged root cap. Flowering was delayed in the hk5 hk6 mutant and the panicle was significantly reduced in size and infertile due to multiple defects in floral development. The hk5 hk6 mutant also exhibited a severely reduced cytokinin response, consistent with the developmental phenotypes arising from a defect in cytokinin signaling. These results indicate that HK5 and HK6 act as cytokinin receptors, with overlapping functions to regulate diverse aspects of rice growth and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian A Burr
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Jinjing Sun
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | | | - Andrew Willoughby
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Charles Hodgens
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Curriculum in Genetics and Molecular Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | | | - Agustus Elmore
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Jonathan Atkinson
- School of Bioscience, University of Nottingham, Nottingham LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Zachary L Nimchuk
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Anthony Bishopp
- School of Bioscience, University of Nottingham, Nottingham LE12 5RD, UK
| | - G Eric Schaller
- Department of Biological Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755
| | - Joseph J Kieber
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Curriculum in Genetics and Molecular Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
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17
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Cook B, Haverkamp A, Hansson BS, Roulston T, Lerdau M, Knaden M. Pollination in the Anthropocene: a Moth Can Learn Ozone-Altered Floral Blends. J Chem Ecol 2020; 46:987-996. [PMID: 32875538 PMCID: PMC7547994 DOI: 10.1007/s10886-020-01211-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 08/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Insect pollination is essential to many unmanaged and agricultural systems and as such is a key element in food production. However, floral scents that pollinating insects rely on to locate host plants may be altered by atmospheric oxidants, such as ozone, potentially making these cues less attractive or unrecognizable to foraging insects and decreasing pollinator efficacy. We demonstrate that levels of tropospheric ozone commonly found in many rural areas are sufficient to disrupt the innate attraction of the tobacco hawkmoth Manduca sexta to the odor of one of its preferred flowers, Nicotiana alata. However, we further find that visual navigation together with associative learning can offset this disruption. Foraging moths that initially find an ozone-altered floral scent unattractive can target an artificial flower using visual cues and associate the ozone-altered floral blend with a nectar reward. The ability to learn ozone-altered floral odors may enable pollinators to maintain communication with their co-evolutionary partners and reduce the negative impacts that anthropogenically elevated oxidants may have on plant-pollinator systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brynn Cook
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Department of Evolutionary Neuroethology, Jena, Germany
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Blandy Experimental Farm, University of Virginia, Boyce, VA, USA
| | - Alexander Haverkamp
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Department of Evolutionary Neuroethology, Jena, Germany
- Laboratory of Entomology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Bill S Hansson
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Department of Evolutionary Neuroethology, Jena, Germany
| | - T'ai Roulston
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Blandy Experimental Farm, University of Virginia, Boyce, VA, USA
| | - Manuel Lerdau
- Departments of Environmental Sciences and of Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Markus Knaden
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Department of Evolutionary Neuroethology, Jena, Germany.
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18
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Lv J, Dai CB, Sun YH. Induction of Male Sterility in Tobacco by Anther-Specific Expression of the Gene for Ricin Enzymatic Subunit A Chain RTA. Mol Biotechnol 2020; 62:364-369. [PMID: 32270362 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-020-00252-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Targeted gene expression in plants allows us to further study biological traits of interest, such as reproductive and developmental processes. Here, the tobacco TA29 anther-specific promoter was used to direct the expression of the ricin enzymatic subunit A (RTA) in transgenic tobacco plants, phenotypic analysis of the resulting positive transgenic tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) plants demonstrated that RTA expression led to a reduction in pistil length and shriveling of anthers, as well as the grayish-brown color of anthers, the reduced pollen viability and male sterility. For the first time, a plant-derived ricin gene enzymatic subunit A (RTA) expression system under the tissue-specific promoter was demonstrated to be sensitive and efficient in controlling plant sterility and creating male-sterile materials. Consequently, it could be used to control other agronomic traits and produce hybrid seeds in plants in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Lv
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China
- Key Laboratory for Tobacco Gene Resources, State Tobacco Monopoly Administration, Qingdao, 266101, China
- Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Chang-Bo Dai
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China
- Key Laboratory for Tobacco Gene Resources, State Tobacco Monopoly Administration, Qingdao, 266101, China
| | - Yu-He Sun
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China.
- Key Laboratory for Tobacco Gene Resources, State Tobacco Monopoly Administration, Qingdao, 266101, China.
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Haider S, Gao Y, Gao Y. Standardized Genetic Transformation Protocol for Chrysanthemum cv. 'Jinba' with TERMINAL FLOWER 1 Homolog CmTFL1a. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:genes11080860. [PMID: 32731555 PMCID: PMC7463584 DOI: 10.3390/genes11080860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 07/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum x morifolium Ramat.) cultivar Jinba is a distinctive short-day chrysanthemum that can be exploited as a model organism for studying the molecular mechanism of flowering. The commercial value of Jinba can be increased in global flower markets by developing its proper regeneration and genetic transformation system. By addressing typical problems associated with Agrobacterium-mediated transformation in chrysanthemum, that is, low transformation efficiency and high cultivar specificity, we designed an efficient, stable transformation system. Here, we identify the features that significantly affect the genetic transformation of Jinba and standardize its transformation protocol by using CmTFL1a as a transgene. The appropriate concentrations of various antibiotics (kanamycin, meropenem and carbenicillin) and growth regulators (6-BA, 2,4-D and NAA) for the genetic transformation were determined to check their effects on in vitro plant regeneration from leaf segments of Jinba; thus, the transformation protocol was standardized through Agrobacterium tumefaciens (EHA105). In addition, the presence of the transgene and its stable expression in CmTFL1a transgenic plants were confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis. The CmTFL1a transgene constitutively expressed in the transgenic plants was highly expressed in shoot apices as compared to stem and leaves. Overexpression of CmTFL1a led to a delay in transition to the reproductive phase and significantly affected plant morphology. This study will help to understand the biological phenomenon of TFL1 homolog in chrysanthemum. Moreover, our findings can explore innovative possibilities for genetic engineering and breeding of other chrysanthemum cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saba Haider
- National Flower Engineering Research Centre, Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, College of Landscape Architecture of Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China;
| | - Yaohui Gao
- Architectural Institute, Inner Mongolia University of Science & Technology, Alding Street No.7, Kundulun District, Baotou 014010, China;
| | - Yike Gao
- National Flower Engineering Research Centre, Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, College of Landscape Architecture of Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-138-0102-1804
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20
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Candotto Carniel F, Fortuna L, Nepi M, Cai G, Del Casino C, Adami G, Bramini M, Bosi S, Flahaut E, Martín C, Vázquez E, Prato M, Tretiach M. Beyond graphene oxide acidity: Novel insights into graphene related materials effects on the sexual reproduction of seed plants. J Hazard Mater 2020; 393:122380. [PMID: 32126426 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.122380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Graphene related materials (GRMs) are currently being used in products and devices of everyday life and this strongly increases the possibility of their ultimate release into the environment as waste items. GRMs have several effects on plants, and graphene oxide (GO) in particular, can affect pollen germination and tube growth due to its acidic properties. Despite the socio-economic importance of sexual reproduction in seed plants, the effect of GRMs on this process is still largely unknown. Here, Corylus avellana L. (common Hazel) pollen was germinated in-vitro with and without 1-100 μg mL-1 few-layer graphene (FLG), GO and reduced GO (rGO) to identify GRMs effects alternative to the acidification damage caused by GO. At 100 μg mL-1 both FLG and GO decreased pollen germination, however only GO negatively affected pollen tube growth. Furthermore, GO adsorbed about 10 % of the initial Ca2+ from germination media accounting for a further decrease in germination of 13 % at the pH created by GO. In addition, both FLG and GO altered the normal tip-focused reactive oxygen species (ROS) distribution along the pollen tube. The results provided here help to understand GRMs effect on the sexual reproduction of seed plants and to address future in-vivo studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Candotto Carniel
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, via L. Giorgieri 10, I-34127, Trieste, Italy.
| | - Lorenzo Fortuna
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, via L. Giorgieri 10, I-34127, Trieste, Italy.
| | - Massimo Nepi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, via P. A. Mattioli 4, I-53100, Siena, Italy.
| | - Giampiero Cai
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, via P. A. Mattioli 4, I-53100, Siena, Italy.
| | - Cecilia Del Casino
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, via P. A. Mattioli 4, I-53100, Siena, Italy.
| | - Giampiero Adami
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Science, University of Trieste, via L. Giorgieri 1, I-34127, Trieste, Italy.
| | - Mattia Bramini
- Center for Synaptic Neuroscience, Italian Institute of Technology, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, I-16132, Genova, Italy.
| | - Susanna Bosi
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Science, University of Trieste, via L. Giorgieri 1, I-34127, Trieste, Italy.
| | - Emmanuel Flahaut
- CIRIMAT, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INPT, UPS, UMR CNRS-UPS-INP N° 5085, Université Toulouse 3 Paul Sabatier, Bât. CIRIMAT, 118, route de Narbonne, F-31062, Toulouse cedex 9, France.
| | - Cristina Martín
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Science and Technology, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Av. Camilo José Cela, s/n, E-13005, Ciudad Real, Spain.
| | - Ester Vázquez
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Science and Technology, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Av. Camilo José Cela, s/n, E-13005, Ciudad Real, Spain; Instituto Regional de Investigación Científica Aplicada (IRICA), Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, E-13071, Ciudad Real, Spain.
| | - Maurizio Prato
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Science, University of Trieste, via L. Giorgieri 1, I-34127, Trieste, Italy; Carbon Nanobiotechnology Laboratory CIC BiomaGUNE, Paseo de Miramón 182, E-20009, Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain.
| | - Mauro Tretiach
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, via L. Giorgieri 10, I-34127, Trieste, Italy.
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21
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Kućko A, Wilmowicz E, Pokora W, Alché JDD. Disruption of the Auxin Gradient in the Abscission Zone Area Evokes Asymmetrical Changes Leading to Flower Separation in Yellow Lupine. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E3815. [PMID: 32471291 PMCID: PMC7312349 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21113815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 05/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
How auxin transport regulates organ abscission is a long-standing and intriguing question. Polar auxin transport across the abscission zone (AZ) plays a more important role in the regulation of abscission than a local concentration of this hormone. We recently reported the existence of a spatiotemporal sequential pattern of the indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) localization in the area of the yellow lupine AZ, which is a place of flower detachment. In this study, we performed analyses of AZ following treatment with an inhibitor of polar auxin transport (2,3,5-triiodobenzoic acid (TIBA)). Once we applied TIBA directly onto the AZ, we observed a strong response as demonstrated by enhanced flower abscission. To elucidate the molecular events caused by the inhibition of auxin movement, we divided the AZ into the distal and proximal part. TIBA triggered the formation of the IAA gradient between these two parts. The AZ-marker genes, which encode the downstream molecular components of the inflorescence deficient in abscission (IDA)-signaling system executing the abscission, were expressed in the distal part. The accumulation of IAA in the proximal area accelerated the biosynthesis of abscisic acid and ethylene (stimulators of flower separation), which was also reflected at the transcriptional level. Accumulated IAA up-regulated reactive oxygen species (ROS) detoxification mechanisms. Collectively, we provide new information regarding auxin-regulated processes operating in specific areas of the AZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata Kućko
- Department of Plant Physiology, Institute of Biology, Faculty of Agriculture and Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Emilia Wilmowicz
- Chair of Plant Physiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 1 Lwowska Street, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
| | - Wojciech Pokora
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland;
| | - Juan De Dios Alché
- Plant Reproductive Biology and Advanced Microscopy Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology of Plants, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Profesor Albareda 1, E-18008 Granada, Spain;
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22
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Carpenter DJ, Mathiassen SK, Boutin C, Strandberg B, Casey CS, Damgaard C. Effects of Herbicides on Flowering. Environ Toxicol Chem 2020; 39:1244-1256. [PMID: 32170767 DOI: 10.1002/etc.4712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Revised: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Herbicides have been shown to reduce flower production and to delay flowering, with results varying among herbicides and tested plant species. We investigated the effects of herbicides on flowering in an extensive greenhouse study conducted in Canada and Denmark. The effects of low doses of 5 different herbicides (bromoxynil, ioxynil + bromoxynil, metsulfuron-methyl, clopyralid, and glyphosate), simulating realistic drift scenarios (1 and 5% recommended field rates), on plant flowering were examined using 9 wild plant species exposed at either the seedling (6- to 8-leaf) or flower bud stage. Following herbicide exposure, initial flowering date as well as flower production over time were recorded over the growing period. The effect of herbicides on cumulative flower numbers and flowering time were modeled using Gompertz growth models. Significant delays to peak flowering and/or reductions in flower production were observed in at least one plant species for all tested herbicides, with glyphosate often exhibiting the greatest negative effects, that is, plant death. Except for ioxynil + bromoxynil, there was no clear evidence of either the seedling or the flower bud stage being more sensitive. Overall, 58% of all species × life stage × herbicide treatments resulted in either a statistically significant or a strong decline in flower production with herbicide application rates up to 5% of recommended field rates, whereas significant or strong delays in peak flowering were also detected but were slightly less common. Effects at 1% label rates were minimal. Simultaneous delays to peak flowering and reductions in total flower production occurred in approximately 25% of all cases, indicating that herbicide application rates simulating realistic drift scenarios would likely have negative effects on wild floral communities. Environ Toxicol Chem 2020;39:1244-1256. © 2020 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Carpenter
- Environment and Climate Change Canada, Science and Technology Branch, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Céline Boutin
- Environment and Climate Change Canada, Science and Technology Branch, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Carlene S Casey
- Environment and Climate Change Canada, Science and Technology Branch, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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Ke M, Li Y, Qu Q, Ye Y, Peijnenburg WJGM, Zhang Z, Xu N, Lu T, Sun L, Qian H. Offspring toxicity of silver nanoparticles to Arabidopsis thaliana flowering and floral development. J Hazard Mater 2020; 386:121975. [PMID: 31884364 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.121975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Many studies have considered silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) cytotoxicity to mammalian and human cell lines and plant growth. However, only few studies considered toxic effects of AgNPs on plant offspring, especially on flowering. Arabidopsis thaliana was treated with 12.5 mg/kg AgNPs employing parental-(P-AgNPs) and offspring-generation (O-AgNPs) exposure to study the effects of AgNPs on flowering and floral development. Exposure to P-AgNPs was found to significantly decrease petal and pollen viability and subsequently reduced pod production. The inhibition of A. thaliana vegetative growth caused by P-AgNPs exposure was transferred to offspring and even became more severe in the O-AgNPs group. Further, the transcription of genes related to flowering and floral organ development in P-AgNPs and O-Con plants was downregulated by approximately 10-40% compared to the transcription in P-Con plants and showed a stronger decrease in the O-AgNPs group to 30-50% of that in the P-AgNPs group. This resulted in a delay in flowering of 4, 3 and 8 days in P-AgNPs, O-Con and O-AgNPs plants, respectively. Our research shows that the negative effects on floral development can be transferred to the offspring in A. thaliana, which may have significant implications with regard to the risks posed by NPs to food safety and security.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingjing Ke
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, PR China
| | - Yan Li
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, PR China
| | - Qian Qu
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, PR China
| | - Yizhi Ye
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, PR China
| | - W J G M Peijnenburg
- Institute of Environmental Sciences (CML), Leiden University, RA Leiden 2300, the Netherlands; National Institute of Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Center for Safety of Substances and Products, P.O. Box 1, Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Zhenyan Zhang
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, PR China
| | - Nuohan Xu
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, PR China
| | - Tao Lu
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, PR China
| | - Liwei Sun
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, PR China
| | - Haifeng Qian
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, 830011, PR China.
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24
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Wang C, Fang H, Gong T, Zhang J, Niu L, Huang D, Huo J, Liao W. Hydrogen gas alleviates postharvest senescence of cut rose 'Movie star' by antagonizing ethylene. Plant Mol Biol 2020; 102:271-285. [PMID: 31838617 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-019-00946-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
H2 prolonged the vase life and improved the vase quality of cut roses through repressing endogenous ethylene production and alleviating ethylene signal transduction during the entire senescing period. Recently, the application of hydrogen gas (H2) was shown to improve postharvest quality and longevity in perishable horticultural products, but the specific regulation mechanism remains obscure. Here, endogenous ethylene production and the expression of genes in ethylene biosynthesis and signalling pathway were investigated to explore the crosstalk between H2 and ethylene during the senescence of cut roses. Our results revealed that addition of exogenous ethylene by ethephon accelerated the senescence of cut roses, in which 100 mg L-1 ethephon displayed the most obvious senescent phenotype. While the applied different concentrations (1%, 10%, 50% and 100%) of hydrogen-rich water (HRW) conducted different affects in alleviating the senescence of cut roses, and 1% HRW displayed the best ornamental quality and the longest vase life by reducing ethylene production, supported by the decrease of 1-aminocyclopropene-1-carboxylate (ACC) accumulation, ACC synthase (ACS) and ACC oxidase (ACO) activities, and Rh-ACS3 and Rh-ACO1 expressions in ethylene biosynthesis. In addition, HRW increased the transcripts of ethylene receptor genes Rh-ETR1 at blooming period from day 4 to day 6 and suppressed Rh-ETR3 at senescence phase at day 8 after harvest. Furthermore, the relevant affection of HRW on Rh-ETR1 and Rh-ETR3 expressions still existed when the ethylene production was compromised by adequate addition of exogenous ethylene in HRW-treated cut rose petals, and HRW directly repressed the protein level of Rh-ETR3 in a transient expression assay. Overall, the results suggested that H2 is involved in neutralizing ethylene-mediated postharvest in cut flowers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunlei Wang
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, People's Republic of China
| | - Hua Fang
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, People's Republic of China
| | - Tingyu Gong
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, People's Republic of China
| | - Lijuan Niu
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, People's Republic of China
| | - Dengjing Huang
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianqiang Huo
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, People's Republic of China
| | - Weibiao Liao
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, People's Republic of China.
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25
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Bertheloot J, Barbier F, Boudon F, Perez-Garcia MD, Péron T, Citerne S, Dun E, Beveridge C, Godin C, Sakr S. Sugar availability suppresses the auxin-induced strigolactone pathway to promote bud outgrowth. New Phytol 2020; 225:866-879. [PMID: 31529696 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Apical dominance occurs when the growing shoot tip inhibits the outgrowth of axillary buds. Apically-derived auxin in the nodal stem indirectly inhibits bud outgrowth via cytokinins and strigolactones. Recently, sugar deprivation was found to contribute to this phenomenon. Using rose and pea, we investigated whether sugar availability interacts with auxin in bud outgrowth control, and the role of cytokinins and strigolactones, in vitro and in planta. We show that sucrose antagonises auxin's effect on bud outgrowth, in a dose-dependent and coupled manner. Sucrose also suppresses strigolactone inhibition of outgrowth and the rms3 strigolactone-perception mutant is less affected by reducing sucrose supply. However, sucrose does not interfere with the regulation of cytokinin levels by auxin and stimulates outgrowth even with optimal cytokinin supply. These observations were assembled into a computational model in which sucrose represses bud response to strigolactones, largely independently of cytokinin levels. It quantitatively captures our observed dose-dependent sucrose-hormones effects on bud outgrowth and allows us to express outgrowth response to various combinations of auxin and sucrose levels as a simple quantitative law. This study places sugars in the bud outgrowth regulatory network and paves the way for a better understanding of branching plasticity in response to environmental and genotypic factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Bertheloot
- IRHS, INRA, Agrocampus-Ouest, Université d'Angers, SFR 4207 QuaSaV, 49071, Beaucouzé, France
| | - François Barbier
- IRHS, INRA, Agrocampus-Ouest, Université d'Angers, SFR 4207 QuaSaV, 49071, Beaucouzé, France
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Frédéric Boudon
- CIRAD, UMR AGAP & Univ. Montpellier, Avenue Agropolis, TA A-108/01, F-34398, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Thomas Péron
- IRHS, INRA, Agrocampus-Ouest, Université d'Angers, SFR 4207 QuaSaV, 49071, Beaucouzé, France
| | - Sylvie Citerne
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin Centre de Versailles-Grignon (IJPB), INRA, Agro-ParisTech, CNRS, Versailles, France
| | - Elizabeth Dun
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Christine Beveridge
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Christophe Godin
- Laboratoire Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, University of Lyon, ENS de Lyon, UCB Lyon 1, CNRS, INRA, Inria, F-69342, Lyon, France
| | - Soulaiman Sakr
- IRHS, INRA, Agrocampus-Ouest, Université d'Angers, SFR 4207 QuaSaV, 49071, Beaucouzé, France
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Xu Z, Wang Y, Chen Y, Yin H, Wu L, Zhao Y, Wang M, Gao M. A Model of Hormonal Regulation of Stamen Abortion during Pre-Meiosis of Litsea cubeba. Genes (Basel) 2019; 11:genes11010048. [PMID: 31906074 PMCID: PMC7017044 DOI: 10.3390/genes11010048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Litsea cubeba (Lour.) Pers., a popular essential oil plant, is a dioecious species with degenerative sexual organs in both male and female individuals. Yet, the mechanism of degenerative organs development in male and female flowers is poorly understood. Here, we analyzed the morphological characters of degenerative organ development by morphological and histological observations, and determined the critical stage of abortion that occurs at pre-meiosis in male and female flowers. We also conducted RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) to understand the genetic basis of stamen abortion in female flowers. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified during the staminode development in female flowers; functional enrichment analysis revealed some important biological pathways involved the regulation of stamen abortion, including plant hormone signal transduction, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, flavonoid biosynthesis and monoterpenoid biosynthesis. Furthermore, 15 DEGs involved in the hormone pathways were found to regulate stamen development. By HPLC-MS/MS analysis, there were a salicylic acid (SA) content peak and the gibberellin (GA) content lowest point in the abortion processes in female flowers, suggesting a vital function of hormonal processes. Co-expression network analysis further identified several hub genes that potentially played significant roles in the stamen abortion of L. cubeba. Taken together, we proposed a model involved in plant hormones pathways underlying stamen abortion during pre-meiosis in female flowers of L. cubeba.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zilong Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China; (Z.X.); (Y.W.); (Y.C.); (H.Y.); (L.W.); (Y.Z.); (M.W.)
- Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou 311400, China
| | - Yangdong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China; (Z.X.); (Y.W.); (Y.C.); (H.Y.); (L.W.); (Y.Z.); (M.W.)
- Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou 311400, China
| | - Yicun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China; (Z.X.); (Y.W.); (Y.C.); (H.Y.); (L.W.); (Y.Z.); (M.W.)
- Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou 311400, China
| | - Hengfu Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China; (Z.X.); (Y.W.); (Y.C.); (H.Y.); (L.W.); (Y.Z.); (M.W.)
- Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou 311400, China
| | - Liwen Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China; (Z.X.); (Y.W.); (Y.C.); (H.Y.); (L.W.); (Y.Z.); (M.W.)
- Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou 311400, China
| | - Yunxiao Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China; (Z.X.); (Y.W.); (Y.C.); (H.Y.); (L.W.); (Y.Z.); (M.W.)
- Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou 311400, China
| | - Minyan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China; (Z.X.); (Y.W.); (Y.C.); (H.Y.); (L.W.); (Y.Z.); (M.W.)
- Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou 311400, China
| | - Ming Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China; (Z.X.); (Y.W.); (Y.C.); (H.Y.); (L.W.); (Y.Z.); (M.W.)
- Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou 311400, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-571-6332-7982
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27
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Sarde SJ, Bouwmeester K, Venegas‐Molina J, David A, Boland W, Dicke M. Involvement of sweet pepper CaLOX2 in jasmonate-dependent induced defence against Western flower thrips. J Integr Plant Biol 2019; 61:1085-1098. [PMID: 30450727 PMCID: PMC6850143 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.12742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Insect herbivory can seriously hinder plant performance and reduce crop yield. Thrips are minute cell-content-feeding insects that are important vectors of viral plant pathogens, and are serious crop pests. We investigated the role of a sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum) lipoxygenase gene, CaLOX2, in the defense of pepper plants against Western flower thrips (Frankliniella occidentalis). This was done through a combination of in-silico, transcriptional, behavioral and chemical analyses. Our data show that CaLOX2 is involved in jasmonic acid (JA) biosynthesis and mediates plant resistance. Expression of the JA-related marker genes, CaLOX2 and CaPIN II, was induced by thrips feeding. Silencing of CaLOX2 in pepper plants through virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) resulted in low levels of CaLOX2 transcripts, as well as significant reduction in the accumulation of JA, and its derivatives, upon thrips feeding compared to control plants. CaLOX2-silenced pepper plants exhibited enhanced susceptibility to thrips. This indicates that CaLOX2 mediates JA-dependent signaling, resulting in defense against thrips. Furthermore, exogenous application of JA to pepper plants increased plant resistance to thrips, constrained thrips population development and made plants less attractive to thrips. Thus, a multidisciplinary approach shows that an intact lipoxygenase pathway mediates various components of sweet pepper defense against F. occidentalis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep J Sarde
- Laboratory of EntomologyWageningen UniversityP.O. Box 166700 AA WageningenThe Netherlands
| | - Klaas Bouwmeester
- Laboratory of PhytopathologyWageningen UniversityP.O. Box 166700 AA, WageningenThe Netherlands
| | - Jhon Venegas‐Molina
- Laboratory of EntomologyWageningen UniversityP.O. Box 166700 AA WageningenThe Netherlands
| | - Anja David
- Department of Bioorganic ChemistryMax Planck Institute for Chemical EcologyHans‐Knöll‐Straße 8D‐07745 JenaGermany
| | - Wilhelm Boland
- Department of Bioorganic ChemistryMax Planck Institute for Chemical EcologyHans‐Knöll‐Straße 8D‐07745 JenaGermany
| | - Marcel Dicke
- Laboratory of EntomologyWageningen UniversityP.O. Box 166700 AA WageningenThe Netherlands
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Li J, Hu H, Mao J, Yu L, Stoopen G, Wang M, Mumm R, de Ruijter NCA, Dicke M, Jongsma MA, Wang C. Defense of pyrethrum flowers: repelling herbivores and recruiting carnivores by producing aphid alarm pheromone. New Phytol 2019; 223:1607-1620. [PMID: 31087371 PMCID: PMC6772172 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
(E)-β-Farnesene (EβF) is the predominant constituent of the alarm pheromone of most aphid pest species. Moreover, natural enemies of aphids use EβF to locate their aphid prey. Some plant species emit EβF, potentially as a defense against aphids, but field demonstrations are lacking. Here, we present field and laboratory studies of flower defense showing that ladybird beetles are predominantly attracted to young stage-2 pyrethrum flowers that emitted the highest and purest levels of EβF. By contrast, aphids were repelled by EβF emitted by S2 pyrethrum flowers. Although peach aphids can adapt to pyrethrum plants in the laboratory, aphids were not recorded in the field. Pyrethrum's (E)-β-farnesene synthase (EbFS) gene is strongly expressed in inner cortex tissue surrounding the vascular system of the aphid-preferred flower receptacle and peduncle, leading to elongated cells filled with EβF. Aphids that probe these tissues during settlement encounter and ingest plant EβF, as evidenced by the release in honeydew. These EβF concentrations in honeydew induce aphid alarm responses, suggesting an extra layer of this defense. Collectively, our data elucidate a defensive mimicry in pyrethrum flowers: the developmentally regulated and tissue-specific EβF accumulation and emission both prevents attack by aphids and recruits aphid predators as bodyguards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinjin Li
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant BiologyMinistry of EducationHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan430070China
- Business Unit BioscienceWageningen University and ResearchDroevendaalsesteeg 16708 PBWageningenthe Netherlands
| | - Hao Hu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant BiologyMinistry of EducationHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan430070China
- Business Unit BioscienceWageningen University and ResearchDroevendaalsesteeg 16708 PBWageningenthe Netherlands
| | - Jing Mao
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant BiologyMinistry of EducationHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan430070China
- Wuhan Forestry and Fruit Tree Research InstituteWuhan Academy of Agricultural Science and TechnologyWuhan430070China
| | - Lu Yu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant BiologyMinistry of EducationHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan430070China
| | - Geert Stoopen
- Business Unit BioscienceWageningen University and ResearchDroevendaalsesteeg 16708 PBWageningenthe Netherlands
| | - Manqun Wang
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key LaboratoryCollege of Plant Science and TechnologyHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan430070China
| | - Roland Mumm
- Business Unit BioscienceWageningen University and ResearchDroevendaalsesteeg 16708 PBWageningenthe Netherlands
| | - Norbert C. A. de Ruijter
- Laboratory of Cell BiologyWageningen University and ResearchDroevendaalsesteeg 16708 PBWageningenthe Netherlands
| | - Marcel Dicke
- Laboratory of EntomologyWageningen University and ResearchDroevendaalsesteeg 16708 PBWageningenthe Netherlands
| | - Maarten A. Jongsma
- Business Unit BioscienceWageningen University and ResearchDroevendaalsesteeg 16708 PBWageningenthe Netherlands
| | - Caiyun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant BiologyMinistry of EducationHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan430070China
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Robatscher P, Eisenstecken D, Innerebner G, Roschatt C, Raifer B, Rohregger H, Hafner H, Oberhuber M. 3-Chloro-5-trifluoromethylpyridine-2-carboxylic acid, a Metabolite of the Fungicide Fluopyram, Causes Growth Disorder in Vitis vinifera. J Agric Food Chem 2019; 67:7223-7231. [PMID: 31180671 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b05567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of 3-chloro-5-trifluoromethylpyridine-2-carboxylic acid (PCA), a metabolite of the fungicide fluopyram, on grapevine. During spring and summer 2015, grapevine growth disorders were observed in several countries in Europe. An unprecedented herbicide-like damage was diagnosed on leaves and flowers, causing significant loss of harvest. This study proposes PCA as the causing agent of the observed growth disorders. PCA was shown to cause leaf epinasty, impaired berry development that leads to crop loss, and root growth anomalies in Vitis vinifera similar to auxin herbicides in a dose-dependent manner. Using both field trials and greenhouse experiments, the present study provides first evidence for a link between the application of fluopyram in vineyards 2014, the formation of PCA, and the emergence of growth anomalies in 2015. Our data could be useful to optimize dosage, application time point, and other conditions for an application of fluopyram without phytotoxic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Robatscher
- Laimburg Research Centre , Laimburg 6 , Pfatten (Vadena), IT-39040 Auer (Ora), South Tyrol , Italy
| | - Daniela Eisenstecken
- Laimburg Research Centre , Laimburg 6 , Pfatten (Vadena), IT-39040 Auer (Ora), South Tyrol , Italy
| | - Gerd Innerebner
- Laimburg Research Centre , Laimburg 6 , Pfatten (Vadena), IT-39040 Auer (Ora), South Tyrol , Italy
| | - Christian Roschatt
- Laimburg Research Centre , Laimburg 6 , Pfatten (Vadena), IT-39040 Auer (Ora), South Tyrol , Italy
| | - Barbara Raifer
- Laimburg Research Centre , Laimburg 6 , Pfatten (Vadena), IT-39040 Auer (Ora), South Tyrol , Italy
| | - Hannes Rohregger
- South Tyrolean Extension Service for Fruit- and Winegrowing , Via Andreas Hofer 9/1 , IT-39011 Lana , South Tyrol , Italy
| | - Hansjörg Hafner
- South Tyrolean Extension Service for Fruit- and Winegrowing , Via Andreas Hofer 9/1 , IT-39011 Lana , South Tyrol , Italy
| | - Michael Oberhuber
- Laimburg Research Centre , Laimburg 6 , Pfatten (Vadena), IT-39040 Auer (Ora), South Tyrol , Italy
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30
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Affiliation(s)
- Stuart B Weiss
- Creekside Center for Earth Observation, Menlo Park, CA, USA.
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Tilmes V, Mateos JL, Madrid E, Vincent C, Severing E, Carrera E, López-Díaz I, Coupland G. Gibberellins Act Downstream of Arabis PERPETUAL FLOWERING1 to Accelerate Floral Induction during Vernalization. Plant Physiol 2019; 180:1549-1563. [PMID: 31097676 PMCID: PMC6752923 DOI: 10.1104/pp.19.00021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Regulation of flowering by endogenous and environmental signals ensures that reproduction occurs under optimal conditions to maximize reproductive success. Involvement of the growth regulator gibberellin (GA) in the control of flowering by environmental cues varies among species. Arabis alpina Pajares, a model perennial member of the Brassicaceae, only undergoes floral induction during vernalization, allowing definition of the role of GA specifically in this process. The transcription factor PERPETUAL FLOWERING1 (PEP1) represses flowering until its mRNA levels are reduced during vernalization. Genome-wide analyses of PEP1 targets identified genes involved in GA metabolism and signaling, and many of the binding sites in these genes were specific to the A. alpina lineage. Here, we show that the pep1 mutant exhibits an elongated-stem phenotype, similar to that caused by treatment with exogenous GA, consistent with PEP1 repressing GA responses. Moreover, in comparison with the wild type, the pep1 mutant contains higher GA4 levels and is more sensitive to GA prior to vernalization. Upon exposure to cold temperatures, GA levels fall to low levels in the pep1 mutant and in wild-type plants, but GA still promotes floral induction and the transcription of floral meristem identity genes during vernalization. Reducing GA levels strongly impairs flowering and inflorescence development in response to short vernalization treatments, but longer treatments overcome the requirement for GA. Thus, GA accelerates the floral transition during vernalization in A. alpina, the down-regulation of PEP1 likely increases GA sensitivity, and GA responses contribute to determining the length of vernalization required for flowering and reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vicky Tilmes
- Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, D50829 Cologne, Germany
| | - Julieta L Mateos
- Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, D50829 Cologne, Germany
| | - Eva Madrid
- Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, D50829 Cologne, Germany
| | - Coral Vincent
- Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, D50829 Cologne, Germany
| | - Edouard Severing
- Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, D50829 Cologne, Germany
| | - Esther Carrera
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Isabel López-Díaz
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - George Coupland
- Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, D50829 Cologne, Germany
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Pan G, Zhang H, Liu P, Xiao Z, Li X, Liu W. Effects of manganese stress on phenology and biomass allocation in Xanthium strumarium from metalliferous and non-metalliferous sites. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2019; 172:308-316. [PMID: 30716666 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.01.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Revised: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Xanthium strumarium is an annual pseudometallophyte. To reveal the mechanisms of this species to adapt to metallicolous environmental conditions, phenological traits and biomass allocation of metallicolous and non-metallicolous populations of X. strumarium under six Mn2+ concentrations by pot culture experiments were performed. The results showed that both time to bolting and time to fruit setting in the metallicolous population were earlier than those in the non-metallicolous population. The number of flowers, fruits, seeds and 1000-seed weight in the metallicolous population were higher than those in the non-metallicolous population under Mn stress. Reproductive allocation and harvest index in the metallicolous population were higher than those in the non-metallicolous population. Furthermore, all the Mn concentrations in leaves, stems, roots, and fruits of the metallicolous population were higher than the counterparts of non-metallicolous population. These results suggested that metallicolous population had higher tolerance to Mn stress than non-metallicolous population, the earlier flowering and fruiting, and the enhancement in reproductive allocation may contribute to plant tolerance to Mn toxicity for X. strumarium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gao Pan
- College of Life Science and Technology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, PR China; National Engineering Laboratory for Applied Technology of Forestry & Ecology in South China, Changsha 410004, PR China
| | - Heping Zhang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, PR China
| | - Peng Liu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, PR China; National Engineering Laboratory for Applied Technology of Forestry & Ecology in South China, Changsha 410004, PR China
| | - Zehua Xiao
- College of Life Science and Technology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, PR China
| | - Xinhang Li
- College of Life Science and Technology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, PR China
| | - Wensheng Liu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, PR China.
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Wang Y, Clevenger JP, Illa-Berenguer E, Meulia T, van der Knaap E, Sun L. A Comparison of sun, ovate, fs8.1 and Auxin Application on Tomato Fruit Shape and Gene Expression. Plant Cell Physiol 2019; 60:1067-1081. [PMID: 30753610 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcz024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Elongated tomato fruit shape is the result of the action of the fruit shape genes possibly in coordination with the phytohormone auxin. To investigate the possible link between auxin and the fruit shape genes, a series of auxin (2,4-D) treatments were performed on the wild-type and the fruit shape near-isogenic lines (NILs) in Solanum pimpinellifolium accession LA1589 background. Morphological and histological analyses indicated that auxin application approximately 3 weeks before anthesis led to elongated pear-shaped ovaries and fruits, which was mainly attributed to the increase of ovary/fruit proximal end caused by the increase of both cell number and cell size. Fruit shape changes caused by SUN, OVATE and fs8.1 were primarily due to the alterations of cell number along different growth axes. Particularly, SUN caused elongation by extending cell number along the entire proximal-distal axis, whereas OVATE caused fruit elongation in the proximal area, which was most similar to the effect of auxin on ovary shape. Expression analysis of flower buds at different stages in fruit shape NILs indicated that SUN had a stronger impact on the transcriptome than OVATE and fs8.1. The sun NIL differentially expressed genes were enriched in several biological processes, such as lipid metabolism, ion transmembrane and actin cytoskeleton organization. Additionally, SUN also shifted the expression of the auxin-related genes, including those involved in auxin biosynthesis, homeostasis, signal transduction and polar transport, indicating that SUN may regulate ovary/fruit shape through modifying the expression of auxin-related genes very early during the formation of the ovary in the developing flower.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanping Wang
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P.R. China
- Department of Horticulture and Crop Science, The Ohio State University/OARDC, Wooster, OH, USA
- National Engineering Research Center for Vegetables, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Josh P Clevenger
- Department of Horticulture and Crop Science, The Ohio State University/OARDC, Wooster, OH, USA
- Institute of Plant Breeding, Genetics & Genomics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
- Center for Applied Genetic Technologies, Mars Wrigley Confectionery, Athens, GA, USA
| | | | - Tea Meulia
- Department of Plant Pathology, Molecular and Cellular Imaging Center, The Ohio State University/OARDC, Wooster, OH, USA
| | - Esther van der Knaap
- Department of Horticulture and Crop Science, The Ohio State University/OARDC, Wooster, OH, USA
- Institute of Plant Breeding, Genetics & Genomics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
- Center for Applied Genetic Technologies, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Liang Sun
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P.R. China
- Department of Horticulture and Crop Science, The Ohio State University/OARDC, Wooster, OH, USA
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, Department of Vegetable Science, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P.R. China
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Chrysargyris A, Tzionis A, Xylia P, Nicola S, Tzortzakis N. Physiochemical properties of petunia edible flowers grown under saline conditions and their postharvest performance under modified atmosphere packaging and ethanol application. J Sci Food Agric 2019; 99:3644-3652. [PMID: 30637758 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.9586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2018] [Revised: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Edible flowers have both great nutritional value and sensory appeal; however, their shelf-life is limited to a few days because they are highly perishable. RESULTS The impact of postharvest ethanol (ET) treatment and modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) on the quality and storage of edible flowers collected from short-term salt-stressed plants was tested. Hydroponically grown petunia (Petunia x hybrita L.) plants were subjected to salinity (0-50-100 mmol L-1 NaCl) and harvested flowers were stored for up to 14 days in MAP and/ET vapours. The salinity of 100 mmol L-1 NaCl decreased plant biomass and negatively affected physiological processes as a result of stomata closure. Flower polyphenols, antioxidants, carotenoids and anthocyanins increased with 50 mmol L-1 of NaCl, indicating a higher nutritional value. Short-term exposure of petunia to salinity decreased the flower N, K and Ca concentrations. During storage for 7 days, salinity lead to deteriorated flowers that showed browning as a result of tissue breakdown, whereas CO2 production and weight loss were unaffected by salinity. After 14 days of storage, salinity decreased flower respiration and increased weight loss, whereas ET application completely destroyed the flowers. Carotenoids and anthocyanins were decreased by a combination of salinity and ET. Petunia flowers revealed the induction of both non-enzymatic (i.e. proline content) and enzymatic (catalase) mechanisms to overcome the stress caused by salinity at harvest stage and/or ethanol at storage. CONCLUSION The results of the present study demonstrate that a short-stress salinity of 50 mmol L-1 NaCl can be used for petunia growth and also that flowers of nutritional value can be stored for up to 7 days, whereas ET application failed to preserve petunia flowers. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonios Chrysargyris
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Biotechnology and Food Science, Cyprus University of Technology, Lemesos, Cyprus
| | - Andreas Tzionis
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Biotechnology and Food Science, Cyprus University of Technology, Lemesos, Cyprus
| | - Panayiota Xylia
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Biotechnology and Food Science, Cyprus University of Technology, Lemesos, Cyprus
| | - Silvana Nicola
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, DISAFA-VEGMAP, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Nikos Tzortzakis
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Biotechnology and Food Science, Cyprus University of Technology, Lemesos, Cyprus
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Antognoni F, Ovidi E, Taddei AR, Gambellini G, Speranza A. In Vitro Pollen Tube Growth Reveals the Cytotoxic Potential of the Flavonols, Quercetin and Rutin. Altern Lab Anim 2019; 32:79-90. [PMID: 15601236 DOI: 10.1177/026119290403200205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Flavonols are phytochemicals widely found in commonly consumed foods. In spite of their beneficial effects on human health, however, cytotoxicity and even suspected genotoxicity have also been reported for the flavonol, quercetin. This points to the need for preventive studies to identify any cytotoxic effects associated with pure flavonol intake. This work was performed with the aim of verifying whether a plant-based in vitro system, the pollen tube, could be used to evaluate the cytotoxic potential of exogenous flavonols. Increasing concentrations of the aglycone, quercetin, and its glycoside, rutin, were assayed with regard to tube growth of kiwifruit pollen, determined by applying the pollen tube growth test protocol. This test, based on the photometric quantification of pollen tube mass production in suspension cultures, has already been applied in the sensitive and reliable toxicological evaluation of a wide range of chemicals. Whereas 60-800 microM rutin promoted kiwifruit pollen tube elongation, 10-50 microM quercetin strongly inhibited growth, and also produced irreversible malformations, such as screw-like tube growth, abnormal vacuolation, alteration of organelle streaming, and nuclear positioning. Thus, the cytotoxic potentials of the two flavonols have been confirmed to differ. Pollen tubes seem to afford a promising test system for a preventive, rapid in vitro biosafety assessment of antioxidant nutritional supplements, without using laboratory animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiana Antognoni
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Bologna, via Irnerio 42, 40126 Bologna, Italy
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Dai SY, Hsu WH, Yang CH. The Gene ANTHER DEHISCENCE REPRESSOR (ADR) Controls Male Fertility by Suppressing the ROS Accumulation and Anther Cell Wall Thickening in Arabidopsis. Sci Rep 2019; 9:5112. [PMID: 30911018 PMCID: PMC6434047 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-41382-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Male sterility in plants is caused by various stimuli such as hormone changes, stress, cytoplasmic alterations and nuclear gene mutations. The gene ANTHER DEHISCENCE REPRESSOR (ADR), which is involved in regulating male sterility in Arabidopsis, was functionally analyzed in this study. In ADR::GUS flowers, strong GUS activity was detected in the anthers of young flower buds but was low in mature flowers. ADR + GFP fusion proteins, which can be modified by N-myristoylation, were targeted to peroxisomes. Ectopic expression of ADR in transgenic Arabidopsis plants resulted in male sterility due to anther indehiscence. The defect in anther dehiscence in 35S::ADR flowers is due to the reduction of ROS accumulation, alteration of the secondary thickening in the anther endothecium and suppression of the expression of NST1 and NST2, which are required for anther dehiscence through regulation of secondary wall thickening in anther endothecial cells. This defect could be rescued by external application of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). These results demonstrated that ADR must be N-myristoylated and targeted to the peroxisome during the early stages of flower development to negatively regulate anther dehiscence by suppressing ROS accumulation and NST1/NST2 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Yu Dai
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan, 40227, ROC
| | - Wei-Han Hsu
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan, 40227, ROC
| | - Chang-Hsien Yang
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan, 40227, ROC.
- Advanced Plant Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan, 40227, ROC.
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Zhang W, Abdelrahman M, Jiu S, Guan L, Han J, Zheng T, Jia H, Song C, Fang J, Wang C. VvmiR160s/VvARFs interaction and their spatio-temporal expression/cleavage products during GA-induced grape parthenocarpy. BMC Plant Biol 2019; 19:111. [PMID: 30898085 PMCID: PMC6429806 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-019-1719-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Grape (Vitis vinifera) is highly sensitive to gibberellin (GA), which effectively induce grape parthenocarpy. Studies showed that miR160s and their target AUXIN RESPONSIVE FACTOR (ARF) responding hormones are indispensable for various aspects of plant growth and development, but their functions in GA-induced grape parthenocarpy remain elusive. RESULTS In this study, the morphological changes during flower development in response to GA treatments were examined in the 'Rosario Bianco' cultivar. The precise sequences of VvmiR160a/b/c/d/e and their VvARF10/16/17 target genes were cloned, sequenced and characterized. The phylogenetic relationship and intron-exon structure of VvARFs and other ARF family members derived from different species were investigated. All VvmiR160s (except VvmiR160b) and VvARF10/16/17 had the common cis-elements responsive to GA, which support their function in GA-mediated grape parthenocarpy. The cleavage role of VvmiR160s-mediated VvARF10/16/17 was verified in grape flowers. Moreover, spatio-temporal expression analysis demonstrated that among VvmiR160 family, VvmiR160a/b/c highly expressed at late stage of flower/berry development, while VvARF10/16/17showed a reverse expression trend. Interestingly, GA exhibited a long-term effect through inducing the expression of VvmiR160a/b/c/e to increase their cleavage product accumulations from 5 to 9 days after treatment, but GA enhanced the expressions of VvARF10/16/17 only at short term. Pearson correlation analysis based on expression data revealed a negative correlation between VvmiR160a/b/c and VvARF10/16/17 in flowers not berries during GA-induced grape parthenocarpy. CONCLUSIONS This work demonstrated that the negative regulation of VvARF10/16/17 expression by VvmiR160a/b/c as key regulatory factors is critical for GA-mediated grape parthenocarpy, and provide significant implications for molecular breeding of high-quality seedless berry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenying Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China
| | - Mostafa Abdelrahman
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Sciences, Aswan University, Aswan, 81528 Egypt
- Arid Land Research Center, Tottori University, Tottori, 680-001 Japan
| | - Songtao Jiu
- Department of Plant Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Le Guan
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China
| | - Jian Han
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China
| | - Ting Zheng
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China
| | - Haifeng Jia
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China
| | - Changnian Song
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China
| | - Jinggui Fang
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China
| | - Chen Wang
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China
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Li Y, Zhang D, An N, Fan S, Zuo X, Zhang X, Zhang L, Gao C, Han M, Xing L. Transcriptomic analysis reveals the regulatory module of apple (Malus × domestica) floral transition in response to 6-BA. BMC Plant Biol 2019; 19:93. [PMID: 30841918 PMCID: PMC6402183 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-019-1695-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Insufficient production of flower buds is an intractable problem in 'Fuji' apple orchards. Although cytokinin (CK) promotes flower bud formation in apple trees, little is known about the mechanisms regulating this phenomenon. RESULTS In the present study, high-throughput RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) of 'Nagafu No. 2' buds was conducted to characterize the transcriptional response to 6-BA treatment during key period of floral transition. A weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) of the differentially expressed genes identified hormone signal transduction pathways, totaling 84 genes were highly correlated with the expression pattern of flowering-time genes. The up-regulation of CK signal components and a gibberellin (GA) signal repressor were found to contribute to the promotion of floral transition. In relative comparison to non-treated buds, a series of sugar metabolism- and signal- related genes were associated with relatively high levels of sucrose, fructose, and glucose during floral induction in the 6-BA treated buds. Several transcription factors (i.e. SPLs, SOC1, FD, and COL) that are involved in GA, aging, and photoperiod-regulated flowering pathways were also upregulated by the 6-BA treatment. In addition, potential transcription factors integrating CK signaling to trigger floral induction in apple were also assessed; including PHYTO-CHROME-INTERACTING FACTOR (PIF1,3), WUSCHEL-related homeobox (WOX3,13), and CK response regulators (ARR2). CONCLUSIONS The present study provides insight into the response of flowering and development-related pathways and transcription factors to 6-BA during the period of floral transition in apple. It extends our knowledge of the fundamental mechanisms associated with CK-regulated floral transition in apple trees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youmei Li
- Department of Horticulture College, Northwest Agriculture & Forestry University, Yangling, 712100 China
| | - Dong Zhang
- Department of Horticulture College, Northwest Agriculture & Forestry University, Yangling, 712100 China
| | - Na An
- Department of Horticulture College, Northwest Agriculture & Forestry University, Yangling, 712100 China
| | - Sheng Fan
- Department of Horticulture College, Northwest Agriculture & Forestry University, Yangling, 712100 China
| | - Xiya Zuo
- Department of Horticulture College, Northwest Agriculture & Forestry University, Yangling, 712100 China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Horticulture College, Northwest Agriculture & Forestry University, Yangling, 712100 China
| | - Lizhi Zhang
- Department of Horticulture College, Northwest Agriculture & Forestry University, Yangling, 712100 China
| | - Cai Gao
- Department of Horticulture College, Northwest Agriculture & Forestry University, Yangling, 712100 China
| | - Mingyu Han
- Department of Horticulture College, Northwest Agriculture & Forestry University, Yangling, 712100 China
| | - Libo Xing
- Department of Horticulture College, Northwest Agriculture & Forestry University, Yangling, 712100 China
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Mito MS, Silva AA, Kagami FL, Almeida JD, Mantovanelli GC, Barbosa MC, Kern-Cardoso KA, Ishii-Iwamoto EL. Responses of the weed Bidens pilosa L. to exogenous application of the steroidal saponin protodioscin and plant growth regulators 24-epibrassinolide, indol-3-acetic acid and abscisic acid. Plant Biol (Stuttg) 2019; 21:326-335. [PMID: 30341820 DOI: 10.1111/plb.12927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The exogenous application of plant hormones and their analogues has been exploited to improve crop performance in the field. Protodioscin is a saponin whose steroidal moiety has some similarities to plant steroidal hormones, brassinosteroids. To test the possibility that protodioscin acts as an agonist or antagonist of brassinosteroids or other plant growth regulators, we compared responses of the weed species Bidens pilosa L. to treatment with protodioscin, brassinosteroids, auxins (IAA) and abscisic acid (ABA). Seeds were germinated and grown in agar containing protodioscin, dioscin, brassinolides, IAA and ABA. Root apex respiratory activity was measured with an oxygen electrode. Malondialdehyde (MDA) and antioxidant enzymes activities were assessed. Protodioscin at 48-240 μm inhibited growth of B. pilosa seedlings. The steroidal hormone 24-epibrassinolide (0.1-5 μm) also inhibited growth of primary roots, but brassicasterol was inactive. IAA at higher concentrations (0.5-10.0 μm) strongly inhibited primary root length and fresh weight of stems. ABA inhibited all parameters of seedling growth and also seed germination. Respiratory activity of primary roots (KCN-sensitive and KCN-insensitive) was activated by protodioscin. IAA and ABA reduced KCN-insensitive respiration. The content of MDA in primary roots increased only after protodioscin treatment. All assayed compounds increased APx and POD activity, with 24-epibrassinolide being most active. The activity of CAT was stimulated by protodioscin and 24-epibrassinolide. The results revealed that protodioscin was toxic to B. pilosa through a mechanism not related to plant growth regulator signalling. Protodioscin caused a disturbance in mitochondrial respiratory activity, which could be related to overproduction of ROS and consequent cell membrane damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Mito
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Maringá, Maringá, Brazil
| | - A A Silva
- Department of Sciences of Nature, Federal University of Acre, Rio Branco, Brazil
| | - F L Kagami
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Maringá, Maringá, Brazil
| | - J D Almeida
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Maringá, Maringá, Brazil
| | - G C Mantovanelli
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Maringá, Maringá, Brazil
| | - M C Barbosa
- Department of Agronomy, University of Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | - K A Kern-Cardoso
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Maringá, Maringá, Brazil
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Benevenuto RF, Seldal T, Hegland SJ, Rodriguez-Saona C, Kawash J, Polashock J. Transcriptional profiling of methyl jasmonate-induced defense responses in bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus L.). BMC Plant Biol 2019; 19:70. [PMID: 30755189 PMCID: PMC6373060 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-019-1650-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus L.) is one of the most abundant wild berries in the Northern European ecosystems. This species plays an important ecological role as a food source for many vertebrate and invertebrate herbivores. It is also well-recognized for its bioactive compounds, particularly substances involved in natural defenses against herbivory. These defenses are known to be initiated by leaf damage (e.g. chewing by insects) and mediated by activation of the jasmonic acid (JA) signaling pathway. This pathway can be activated by exogenous application of methyl jasmonate (MeJA), the volatile derivative of JA, which is often used to stimulate plant defense responses in studies of plant-herbivore interactions at ecological, biochemical, and molecular organismal levels. As a proxy for herbivore damage, wild V. myrtillus plants were treated in the field with MeJA and changes in gene expression were compared to untreated plants. RESULTS The de novo transcriptome assembly consisted of 231,887 unigenes. Nearly 71% of the unigenes were annotated in at least one of the databases interrogated. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs), between MeJA-treated and untreated control bilberry plants were identified using DESeq. A total of 3590 DEGs were identified between the treated and control plants, with 2013 DEGs upregulated and 1577 downregulated. The majority of the DEGs identified were associated with primary and secondary metabolism pathways in plants. DEGs associated with growth (e.g. those encoding photosynthesis-related components) and reproduction (e.g. flowering control genes) were frequently down-regulated while those associated with defense (e.g. encoding enzymes involved in biosynthesis of flavonoids, lignin compounds, and deterrent/repellent volatile organic compounds) were up-regulated in the MeJA treated plants. CONCLUSIONS Ecological studies are often limited by controlled conditions to reduce the impact of environmental effects. The results from this study support the hypothesis that bilberry plants, growing in natural conditions, shift resources from growth and reproduction to defenses while in a MeJA-induced state, as when under insect attack. This study highlights the occurrence of this trade-off at the transcriptional level in a realistic field scenario and supports published field observations wherein plant growth is retarded and defenses are upregulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Fonseca Benevenuto
- Faculty of Engineering and Science, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Sogndal, Norway
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Tarald Seldal
- Faculty of Engineering and Science, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Sogndal, Norway
| | - Stein Joar Hegland
- Faculty of Engineering and Science, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Sogndal, Norway
| | - Cesar Rodriguez-Saona
- Rutgers, Department of Entomology, Philip E. Marucci Center for Blueberry and Cranberry Research, The State University of New Jersey, Chatsworth, NJ USA
| | - Joseph Kawash
- Genetic Improvement of Fruits and Vegetables Lab, Philip E. Marucci Center for Blueberry and Cranberry Research, United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Chatsworth, NJ USA
| | - James Polashock
- Genetic Improvement of Fruits and Vegetables Lab, Philip E. Marucci Center for Blueberry and Cranberry Research, United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Chatsworth, NJ USA
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Luan M, Zhao F, Han X, Sun G, Yang Y, Liu J, Shi J, Fu A, Lan W, Luan S. Vacuolar Phosphate Transporters Contribute to Systemic Phosphate Homeostasis Vital for Reproductive Development in Arabidopsis. Plant Physiol 2019; 179:640-655. [PMID: 30552198 PMCID: PMC6426424 DOI: 10.1104/pp.18.01424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Vacuolar storage of phosphate (Pi) is essential for Pi homeostasis in plants. Recent studies have identified a family of vacuolar Pi transporters, VPTs (PHT5s), responsible for vacuolar sequestration of Pi. We report here that both VPT1 and VPT3 contribute to cytosol-to-vacuole Pi partitioning. Although VPT1 plays a predominant role, VPT3 is particularly important when VPT1 is absent. Our data suggested that the vpt1 vpt3 double mutant was more defective in Pi homeostasis than the vpt1 single mutant, as indicated by Pi accumulation capacity, vacuolar Pi influx, subcellular Pi allocation, and plant adaptability to changing Pi status. The remaining member of the VPT family, VPT2 (PHT5;2), did not appear to contribute to Pi homeostasis in such assays. Particularly interesting is the finding that the vpt1 vpt3 double mutant was impaired in reproductive development with shortened siliques and impaired seed set under sufficient Pi, and this phenotype was not found in the vpt1 vpt2 and vpt2 vpt3 double mutants. Measurements of Pi contents revealed Pi over-accumulation in the floral organs of vpt1 vpt3 as compared with the wild type. Further analysis identified excess Pi in the pistil as inhibitory to pollen tube growth, and thus seed yield, in the mutant plants. Reducing the Pi levels in culture medium or mutation of PHO1, a Pi transport protein responsible for root-shoot transport, restored the seed set of vpt1 vpt3 Thus, VPTs, through their function in vacuolar Pi sequestration, control the fine-tuning of systemic Pi allocation, which is particularly important for reproductive development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingda Luan
- Nanjing University-Nanjing Forestry University Joint Institute for Plant Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, People's Republic of China
- The Key Laboratory of Western Resources Biology and Biological Technology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, People's Republic of China
| | - Fugeng Zhao
- Nanjing University-Nanjing Forestry University Joint Institute for Plant Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, People's Republic of China
| | - Xingbao Han
- Nanjing University-Nanjing Forestry University Joint Institute for Plant Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangfang Sun
- Nanjing University-Nanjing Forestry University Joint Institute for Plant Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Yang
- Nanjing University-Nanjing Forestry University Joint Institute for Plant Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinlong Liu
- College of Animal Science & Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shanxi 712100, China
| | - Jisen Shi
- Nanjing University-Nanjing Forestry University Joint Institute for Plant Molecular Biology, Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics and Biotechnology, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, People's Republic of China
| | - Aigen Fu
- The Key Laboratory of Western Resources Biology and Biological Technology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenzhi Lan
- Nanjing University-Nanjing Forestry University Joint Institute for Plant Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, People's Republic of China
| | - Sheng Luan
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720
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Nagatoshi Y, Fujita Y. Accelerating Soybean Breeding in a CO2-Supplemented Growth Chamber. Plant Cell Physiol 2019; 60:77-84. [PMID: 30219921 PMCID: PMC6343635 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcy189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Soybean (Glycine max) is the most important dicot crop worldwide, and is increasingly used as a model legume due to the wide availability of genomic soybean resources; however, the slow generation times of soybean plants are currently a major hindrance to research. Here, we demonstrate a method for accelerating soybean breeding in compact growth chambers, which greatly shortens the generation time of the plants and accelerates breeding and research projects. Our breeding method utilizes commonly used fluorescent lamps (220 µmol m-2 s-1 at the canopy level), a 14 h light (30°C)/10 h dark (25°C) cycle and carbon dioxide (CO2) supplementation at >400 p.p.m. Using this approach, the generation time of the best-characterized elite Japanese soybean cultivar, Enrei, was shortened from 102-132 d reported in the field to just 70 d, thereby allowing up to 5 generations per year instead of the 1-2 generations currently possible in the field and/or greenhouse. The method also facilitates the highly efficient and controlled crossing of soybean plants. Our method uses CO2 supplementation to promote the growth and yield of plants, appropriate light and temperature conditions to reduce the days to flowering, and the reaping and sowing of immature seeds to shorten the reproductive period greatly. Thus, the appropriate parameters enable acceleration of soybean breeding in the compact growth chambers commonly used for laboratory research. The parameters used in our method could therefore be optimized for other species, cultivars, accessions and experimental designs to facilitate rapid breeding in a wide range of crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukari Nagatoshi
- Biological Resources and Post-harvest Division, Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences (JIRCAS), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Yasunari Fujita
- Biological Resources and Post-harvest Division, Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences (JIRCAS), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
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Huo J, Huang D, Zhang J, Fang H, Wang B, Wang C, Ma Z, Liao W. Comparative Proteomic Analysis during the Involvement of Nitric Oxide in Hydrogen Gas-Improved Postharvest Freshness in Cut Lilies. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E3955. [PMID: 30544843 PMCID: PMC6320913 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19123955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Revised: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Our previous studies suggested that both hydrogen gas (H₂) and nitric oxide (NO) could enhance the postharvest freshness of cut flowers. However, the crosstalk of H₂ and NO during that process is unknown. Here, cut lilies (Lilium "Manissa") were used to investigate the relationship between H₂ and NO and to identify differentially accumulated proteins during postharvest freshness. The results revealed that 1% hydrogen-rich water (HRW) and 150 μM sodium nitroprusside (SNP) significantly extended the vase life and quality, while NO inhibitors suppressed the positive effects of HRW. Proteomics analysis found 50 differentially accumulated proteins in lilies leaves which were classified into seven functional categories. Among them, ATP synthase CF1 alpha subunit (chloroplast) (AtpA) was up-regulated by HRW and down-regulated by NO inhibitor. The expression level of LlatpA gene was consistent with the result of proteomics analysis. The positive effect of HRW and SNP on ATP synthase activity was inhibited by NO inhibitor. Meanwhile, the physiological-level analysis of chlorophyll fluorescence and photosynthetic parameters also agreed with the expression of AtpA regulated by HRW and SNP. Altogether, our results suggested that NO might be involved in H₂-improved freshness of cut lilies, and AtpA protein may play important roles during that process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianqiang Huo
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China.
| | - Dengjing Huang
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China.
| | - Jing Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China.
| | - Hua Fang
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China.
| | - Bo Wang
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China.
| | - Chunlei Wang
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China.
| | - Zhanjun Ma
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China.
| | - Weibiao Liao
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China.
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Fan S, Zhang D, Gao C, Wan S, Lei C, Wang J, Zuo X, Dong F, Li Y, Shah K, Han M. Mediation of Flower Induction by Gibberellin and its Inhibitor Paclobutrazol: mRNA and miRNA Integration Comprises Complex Regulatory Cross-Talk in Apple. Plant Cell Physiol 2018; 59:2288-2307. [PMID: 30137602 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcy154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Guaranteeing successful flowering is very important in economic plant species, especially apple (Malus domestica Borkh.), which is difficult to induce to flower. However, the gene expression and networks involved in flowering have not been totally characterized. Here, we employed mRNA and microRNA (miRNA) sequencing to understand the different responses to gibberellin- and its inhibitor paclobutrazol- (PAC) mediated flower induction. Significant opposite cytological and morphological changes were observed in treated terminal buds, which led to a reduced flowering rate under gibberellin and an increased flowering rate under PAC. We also found that the differentially expressed mRNAs, miRNAs and miRNA target genes participated in different biological networks including hormones, photosynthesis, redox state and other metabolic processes, which provided important clues to understand the complex networks involved in apple flower induction. Additionally, we subsequently focused on one important candidate, MdSPL3, which is one of 31 apple SPL gene family members and whose transcription was inhibited by gibberellin but promoted by PAC. Functional investigation showed that MdSPL3 was located in the nucleus, and ectopic MdSPL3 activated floral meristem identity genes, promoted the formation of floral primordia and led to an earlier flowering phenotype in Arabidopsis. Our research identified critical mRNA and miRNA responsive to gibberellin or PAC, and provided a candidate framework for flower induction. This carefully orchestrated regulatory cross-talk highlighted potential targets for developing regulatory techniques and genetic improvement of flower induction in apple.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Fan
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Dong Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Cai Gao
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shuyuan Wan
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Chao Lei
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jue Wang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiya Zuo
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Feng Dong
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Youmei Li
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Kamran Shah
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Mingyu Han
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
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Marciniak K, Kućko A, Wilmowicz E, Świdziński M, Przedniczek K, Kopcewicz J. Gibberellic acid affects the functioning of the flower abscission zone in Lupinus luteus via cooperation with the ethylene precursor independently of abscisic acid. J Plant Physiol 2018; 229:170-174. [PMID: 30114566 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2018.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Revised: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The abscission of plant organs is a phytohormone-controlled process. Our study provides new insight into the involvement of gibberellic acid (GA3) in the functioning of the flower abscission zone (AZ) in yellow lupine (Lupinus luteus L.). Physiological studies demonstrated that GA3 stimulated flower abortion. Additionally, this phytohormone was abundantly presented in the AZ cells of naturally abscised flowers, especially in vascular bundles. Interesting interactions among GA3 and other modulators of flower separation were also investigated. GA3 accumulated after treatment with the ethylene (ET) precursor 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC). Abscisic acid (ABA) treatment did not cause such an effect. Furthermore, the expression of the newly identified LlGA20ox1 and LlGA2ox1 genes encoding 2-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenases fluctuated after ACC or ABA treatment which confirmed the existence of regulatory crosstalk. GA3 appears to cooperate with the ET precursor in the regulation of AZ function in L. luteus flowers; however, the presented mechanism is ABA-independent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Marciniak
- Chair of Plant Physiology and Biotechnology,Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Lwowska 1, 87-100 Toruń, Poland; Center for Modern Interdisciplinary Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Wileńska 4, 87-100 Toruń, Poland.
| | - Agata Kućko
- Chair of Plant Physiology and Biotechnology,Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Lwowska 1, 87-100 Toruń, Poland.
| | - Emilia Wilmowicz
- Chair of Plant Physiology and Biotechnology,Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Lwowska 1, 87-100 Toruń, Poland.
| | - Michał Świdziński
- Department of Cell Biology, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Lwowska 1, 87-100 Toruń, Poland.
| | - Krzysztof Przedniczek
- Chair of Plant Physiology and Biotechnology,Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Lwowska 1, 87-100 Toruń, Poland.
| | - Jan Kopcewicz
- Chair of Plant Physiology and Biotechnology,Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Lwowska 1, 87-100 Toruń, Poland.
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Li Z, Ou Y, Zhang Z, Li J, He Y. Brassinosteroid Signaling Recruits Histone 3 Lysine-27 Demethylation Activity to FLOWERING LOCUS C Chromatin to Inhibit the Floral Transition in Arabidopsis. Mol Plant 2018; 11:1135-1146. [PMID: 29969683 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2018.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2017] [Revised: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The steroid hormone brassinosteroid (BR) plays a broad role in plant growth and development. As the retarded growth in BR-insensitive and BR-deficient mutants causes a strong delay in days to flowering, BR signaling has been thought to promote the floral transition in Arabidopsis. In this study, using a developmental measure of flowering time, we show that BR signaling inhibits the floral transition and promotes vegetative growth in the Arabidopsis accessions Columbia and Enkheim-2. We found that BR signaling promotes the expression of the potent floral repressor FLOWERING LOCUS C (FLC) and three FLC homologs to inhibit flowering. In the presence of BR, the transcription factor BRASSINAZOLE-RESISTANT1 (BZR1), together with BES1-INTERACTING MYC-like proteins (BIMs), specifically binds a BR- responsive element in the first intron of FLC and further recruits a histone 3 lysine 27 (H3K27) demethylase to downregulate levels of the repressive H3K27 trimethylation mark and thus antagonize Polycomb silencing at FLC, leading to its activation. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that BR signaling inhibits the floral transition in Arabidopsis by a novel molecular mechanism in which BR signals are transduced into FLC activation and consequent floral repression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zicong Li
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology & National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai 201602, China
| | - Yang Ou
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology & National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai 201602, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhicheng Zhang
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology & National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai 201602, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jianming Li
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201602, China
| | - Yuehui He
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology & National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai 201602, China.
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Jin Y, Pan W, Zheng X, Cheng X, Liu M, Ma H, Ge X. OsERF101, an ERF family transcription factor, regulates drought stress response in reproductive tissues. Plant Mol Biol 2018; 98:51-65. [PMID: 30143992 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-018-0762-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
An ERF transcription factor OsERF101 is predominantly expressed in rice reproductive tissues and plays an important role in improving rice seed setting rate under drought stress. Drought reduces grain yield due to the cumulative damage effects to plant vegetative and reproductive developmental processes. However, the genes involved in these processes are still not completely understood. In this study, we identified a gene named OsERF101 as an important positive regulator in the adaptive responses to dehydration stress during the reproductive and vegetative stages. This gene encodes a member of APETALA2/Ethylene-Responsive Element Binding Protein (AP2/EREBP) family. OsERF101 was predominantly expressed in flowers, particularly in the tapetum and microspores under normal growth conditions. It was induced by drought, PEG6000 and abscisic acid (ABA) in leaves. During the vegetative stage, OsERF101-overexpression plants were more resistant to osmotic stress caused by PEG6000 compared to the control plants. They also had higher survival and seed setting rates than wild type when subjected to reproductive-stage drought stress. Further physiological analysis revealed that the pollen fertility was improved in the overexpression lines, while the knockout mutant and RNAi lines showed reduced pollen fertility and compromised drought tolerance during the reproductive stage. The increased proline content and peroxidase activity in OsERF101-overexpression plants might contribute to the improved drought-tolerance of plants. In addition, OsERF101-overexpression plants displayed ABA susceptible phenotype, in which the expression levels of ABA-responsive genes RD22, LEA3, and PODs were up-regulated. Taken together, our results indicate that OsERF101 is a gene that regulates dehydration responses during the vegetative and reproductive stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Institute of Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai, 200438, China
- College of Life and Environment Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, 100 Guilin Road, Shanghai, 200234, China
| | - Weiyang Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Institute of Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Xiufang Zheng
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Hexi University, Zhangye, 734000, China
| | - Xuan Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Institute of Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Mengmeng Liu
- College of Life and Environment Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, 100 Guilin Road, Shanghai, 200234, China
| | - Hong Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Institute of Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai, 200438, China.
| | - Xiaochun Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Institute of Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai, 200438, China.
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Fang S, Gao K, Hu W, Snider JL, Wang S, Chen B, Zhou Z. Chemical priming of seed alters cotton floral bud differentiation by inducing changes in hormones, metabolites and gene expression. Plant Physiol Biochem 2018; 130:633-640. [PMID: 30130740 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2018.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Revised: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Fruiting branches and floral buds are forming well before squares are visible and determine cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) productivity. Pre-soaking with plant growth regulators (PGRs) affects the quantity of floral buds. However, studies illustrating the physiological mechanism of floral bud differentiation in response to PGRs are lacking. To address this, cotton seeds were primed with water (control), 5 mg L-1 gibberellic acid (GA3), 25 mg L-1 N6-benzyladenine (6-BA), and 150 mg L-1 dimethyl piperidinium chloride (DPC) respectively. Results showed that plants from seed pre-treated with GA3 and 6-BA differentiated more floral buds relative to control, while DPC application initiated less floral buds than control. GA3 and 6-BA application significantly increased the levels of zeatin riboside (ZR) by up-regulating IPT expression and gibberellic acid (GA3) but decreased the indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) content. Consequently, the ZR/IAA and GA3/IAA ratios were markedly increased, contributing to higher floral bud numbers. Contrasting results were observed for DPC treatment. Additionally, GA3 and 6-BA treatments up-regulated GhSOC1, GhMADS13 and GhAGL24 expression, which was associated with higher sucrose contents mainly attributed to higher endogenous ZR levels, inducing floral initiation. Whereas the GhMADS13 was down-regulated to suppress floral bud differentiation under DPC application. Surprisingly, the floral-associated genes were more sensitive to GA3 than 6-BA, which induced the differences in bud numbers at the beginning of flower bud differentiation. Thus, we conclude that seed pre-treated with PGRs affected hormone content, induced sugar accumulation in apical buds and regulated genes involved in floral induction, which impacted floral bud differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Fang
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, PR China.
| | - Kai Gao
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, PR China.
| | - Wei Hu
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, PR China; Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, University of Georgia, Tifton, GA, 31794, USA.
| | - John L Snider
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, University of Georgia, Tifton, GA, 31794, USA.
| | - Shanshan Wang
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, PR China.
| | - Binglin Chen
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, PR China.
| | - Zhiguo Zhou
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, PR China.
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Bishop CA, Moran AJ, Toshack MC, Elle E, Maisonneuve F, Elliott JE. Hummingbirds and bumble bees exposed to neonicotinoid and organophosphate insecticides in the Fraser Valley, British Columbia, Canada. Environ Toxicol Chem 2018; 37:2143-2152. [PMID: 29974994 DOI: 10.1002/etc.4174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Revised: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
To measure exposure to neonicotinoid and other pesticides in avian pollinators, we made novel use of cloacal fluid and fecal pellets from rufous (Selasphorus rufus) and Anna's (Calypte anna) hummingbirds living near blueberry fields in the Fraser River Valley and Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Canada. To examine on-farm exposure to pesticides in invertebrate pollinators, we also collected bumble bees native to Canada (Bombus mixtus, Bombus flavifrons, and Bombus melanopygus), their pollen, and blueberry leaves and flowers from within conventionally sprayed and organic blueberry farms. By sites and sample type, the results reported in the present study represent pooled samples (n = 1). In 2015 to 2016, the combined concentration of the neonicotinoid insecticides imidacloprid, thiamethoxam, and clothianidin detected in hummingbird cloacal fluid from sites near conventionally sprayed blueberry fields was 3.63 ng/mL (ppb). Among the 18 compounds measured in fecal pellets, including one neonicotinoid (imidacloprid), only piperonyl butoxide was detected (1.47-5.96 ng/g). Piperonyl butoxide is a cytochrome P450 inhibitor applied with some insecticides to increase their toxic efficacy. Only diazinon was detected in bumble bees (0.197 ng/g), whereas diazinon (1.54-1.7 ng/g) and imidacloprid (up to 18.4 ng/g) were detected in pollen collected from bumble bees including the bees from organic sites located near conventionally sprayed blueberry farms. Imidacloprid was also detected at 5.16 ng/g in blueberry flowers collected 1 yr post spray from 1 of 6 conventionally sprayed blueberry farms. Environ Toxicol Chem 2018;37:2143-2152. © 2018 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine A Bishop
- Wildlife Research Division, Science and Technology Branch, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Delta, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Alison J Moran
- Rocky Point Bird Observatory, Hummingbird Project of British Columbia, Canada
| | - Michelle C Toshack
- Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Elizabeth Elle
- Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | - France Maisonneuve
- Ecotoxicology and Wildlife Health Division, Science and Technology Branch, Environment and Climate Change Canada, National Water Research Centre, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - John E Elliott
- Ecotoxicology and Wildlife Health Division, Science and Technology Branch, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Delta, British Columbia, Canada
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Li W, Zhou F, Pichersky E. Jasmone Hydroxylase, a Key Enzyme in the Synthesis of the Alcohol Moiety of Pyrethrin Insecticides. Plant Physiol 2018; 177:1498-1509. [PMID: 29967096 PMCID: PMC6084660 DOI: 10.1104/pp.18.00748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Pyrethrins are synthesized by the plant pyrethrum (Tanacetum cinerariifolium), a chrysanthemum relative. These compounds possess efficient insecticidal properties and are not toxic to humans and most vertebrates. Pyrethrum flowers, and to a smaller extent leaves, synthesize six main types of pyrethrins, which are all esters of a monoterpenoid acid moiety and an alcohol moiety derived from jasmonic acid. Here, we identified and characterized the enzyme responsible for the conversion of jasmone, a derivative of jasmonic acid, to jasmolone. Feeding pyrethrum flowers with jasmone resulted in a 4-fold increase in the concentration of free jasmolone as well as smaller but significant proportional increases in free pyrethrolone and all three type I pyrethrins. We used floral transcriptomic data to identify cytochrome P450 genes whose expression patterns were most highly correlated with that of a key gene in pyrethrin biosynthesis, T. cinerariifolium chrysanthemyl diphosphate synthase The candidate genes were screened for jasmone hydroxylase activity through transient expression in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves fed with jasmone. The expression of only one of these candidate genes produced jasmolone; therefore, this gene was named T. cinerariifolium jasmolone hydroxylase (TcJMH) and given the CYP designation CYP71AT148. The protein encoded by TcJMH localized to the endoplasmic reticulum, and microsomal preparations from N. benthamiana leaves expressing TcJMH were capable of catalyzing the hydroxylation of jasmone to jasmolone in vitro, with a Km value of 53.9 µm TcJMH was expressed almost exclusively in trichomes of floral ovaries and was induced in leaves by jasmonate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
| | - Fei Zhou
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
| | - Eran Pichersky
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
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