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Cabo S, Aires A, Carvalho R, Vilela A, Pascual-Seva N, Silva AP, Gonçalves B. Kaolin, Ascophyllum nodosum and salicylic acid mitigate effects of summer stress improving hazelnut quality. J Sci Food Agric 2021; 101:459-475. [PMID: 32648605 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.10655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 06/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Various strategies are needed to mitigate the negative impact on or to increase fruit quality. The effect of spraying kaolin (K), Ascophyllum nodosum (An) and salicylic acid (SA), in trees with and without irrigation, on quality and sensorial attributes of hazelnut (Grada de Viseu cultivar) was investigated during two consecutive years (2016 and 2017) in a commercial orchard located in Moimenta da Beira, Portugal. RESULTS The treatments affected positively the biometric parameters nut and kernel weight, length, width, thickness and volume as well as the vitamin E level, antioxidant activity and content of some individual phenolics, such as protocatechuic acid, gallocatechin, catechin and epicatechin. The levels of amino acids in hazelnut kernels decreased in all the assayed treatments, while the kernel colour and sensorial attributes were not affected by the treatments. Hazelnut physical properties (nut and kernels), chemical and phytochemical composition and antioxidant activities were positively related. CONCLUSIONS The application of K, An and SA improved the hazelnut tree response to climate change, without compromising the hazelnut chemical and sensorial quality. Furthermore, due to the similar observations for the same treatments with and without irrigation, it can be stated that K, An and SA can be efficient and cost-effective tools to mitigate summer stress in rain-fed orchards. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Cabo
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, CITAB, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, UTAD, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Alfredo Aires
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, CITAB, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, UTAD, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Rosa Carvalho
- Department of Agronomy, School of Agrarian and Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, UTAD, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Alice Vilela
- Chemistry Research Centre, CQ-VR, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Núria Pascual-Seva
- Department of Plant Production, Universitat Politècnica de València, València, Spain
| | - Ana Paula Silva
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, CITAB, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, UTAD, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Berta Gonçalves
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, CITAB, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, UTAD, Vila Real, Portugal
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Candotto Carniel F, Fortuna L, Nepi M, Cai G, Del Casino C, Adami G, Bramini M, Bosi S, Flahaut E, Martín C, Vázquez E, Prato M, Tretiach M. Beyond graphene oxide acidity: Novel insights into graphene related materials effects on the sexual reproduction of seed plants. J Hazard Mater 2020; 393:122380. [PMID: 32126426 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.122380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Graphene related materials (GRMs) are currently being used in products and devices of everyday life and this strongly increases the possibility of their ultimate release into the environment as waste items. GRMs have several effects on plants, and graphene oxide (GO) in particular, can affect pollen germination and tube growth due to its acidic properties. Despite the socio-economic importance of sexual reproduction in seed plants, the effect of GRMs on this process is still largely unknown. Here, Corylus avellana L. (common Hazel) pollen was germinated in-vitro with and without 1-100 μg mL-1 few-layer graphene (FLG), GO and reduced GO (rGO) to identify GRMs effects alternative to the acidification damage caused by GO. At 100 μg mL-1 both FLG and GO decreased pollen germination, however only GO negatively affected pollen tube growth. Furthermore, GO adsorbed about 10 % of the initial Ca2+ from germination media accounting for a further decrease in germination of 13 % at the pH created by GO. In addition, both FLG and GO altered the normal tip-focused reactive oxygen species (ROS) distribution along the pollen tube. The results provided here help to understand GRMs effect on the sexual reproduction of seed plants and to address future in-vivo studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Candotto Carniel
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, via L. Giorgieri 10, I-34127, Trieste, Italy.
| | - Lorenzo Fortuna
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, via L. Giorgieri 10, I-34127, Trieste, Italy.
| | - Massimo Nepi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, via P. A. Mattioli 4, I-53100, Siena, Italy.
| | - Giampiero Cai
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, via P. A. Mattioli 4, I-53100, Siena, Italy.
| | - Cecilia Del Casino
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, via P. A. Mattioli 4, I-53100, Siena, Italy.
| | - Giampiero Adami
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Science, University of Trieste, via L. Giorgieri 1, I-34127, Trieste, Italy.
| | - Mattia Bramini
- Center for Synaptic Neuroscience, Italian Institute of Technology, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, I-16132, Genova, Italy.
| | - Susanna Bosi
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Science, University of Trieste, via L. Giorgieri 1, I-34127, Trieste, Italy.
| | - Emmanuel Flahaut
- CIRIMAT, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INPT, UPS, UMR CNRS-UPS-INP N° 5085, Université Toulouse 3 Paul Sabatier, Bât. CIRIMAT, 118, route de Narbonne, F-31062, Toulouse cedex 9, France.
| | - Cristina Martín
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Science and Technology, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Av. Camilo José Cela, s/n, E-13005, Ciudad Real, Spain.
| | - Ester Vázquez
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Science and Technology, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Av. Camilo José Cela, s/n, E-13005, Ciudad Real, Spain; Instituto Regional de Investigación Científica Aplicada (IRICA), Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, E-13071, Ciudad Real, Spain.
| | - Maurizio Prato
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Science, University of Trieste, via L. Giorgieri 1, I-34127, Trieste, Italy; Carbon Nanobiotechnology Laboratory CIC BiomaGUNE, Paseo de Miramón 182, E-20009, Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain.
| | - Mauro Tretiach
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, via L. Giorgieri 10, I-34127, Trieste, Italy.
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Farhadi S, Moieni A, Safaie N, Sabet MS, Salehi M. Fungal Cell Wall and Methyl-β-Cyclodextrin Synergistically Enhance Paclitaxel Biosynthesis and Secretion in Corylus avellana Cell Suspension Culture. Sci Rep 2020; 10:5427. [PMID: 32214149 PMCID: PMC7096423 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-62196-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Paclitaxel is the top-selling chemotherapeutic drug used for the treatment of lung, ovarian and breast cancer as well as Kaposi's sarcoma. Cell suspension culture (CSC) of Corylus avellana has been addressed as a promising alternative for producing paclitaxel. In this study, endophytic fungus strain YEF33 was isolated from Taxus baccata and identified as Coniothyrium palmarum. The effects of the elicitors derived from this fungus including cell extract, culture filtrate and cell wall (CW) and also chitin, alone or in combination with Methyl-β-Cyclodextrin (MBCD), on paclitaxel biosynthesis in C. avellana CSC were assayed for the first time. CW of C. palmarum was the most efficient fungal elicitor for paclitaxel biosynthesis in C. avellana CSC. The results revealed that MBCD affected paclitaxel biosynthesis differently depending on fungal elicitor type and vice versa. MBCD, either alone or in combination with fungal elicitors, induced a high secretion of paclitaxel, suggesting the decrement of toxicity and retro-inhibition processes of paclitaxel for cells. The joint effects of C. palmarum CW (2.5% (v/v) on 17th day) and 50 mM MBCD synergistically enhanced paclitaxel biosynthesis (402.4 µg l-1; 5.8-fold), 78.6% of which (316.5 µg l-1) were secreted into culture medium, a level 146% higher than that in control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siamak Farhadi
- Department of Plant Genetics and Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, P.O. Box: 14115-336, Iran
| | - Ahmad Moieni
- Department of Plant Genetics and Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, P.O. Box: 14115-336, Iran.
| | - Naser Safaie
- Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, P.O. Box: 14115-336, Iran
| | - Mohammad Sadegh Sabet
- Department of Plant Genetics and Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, P.O. Box: 14115-336, Iran
| | - Mina Salehi
- Department of Plant Genetics and Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, P.O. Box: 14115-336, Iran
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Abstract
Paclitaxel is a powerful antimitotic agent with excellent activity against a range of cancers. Hazel has been described as a paclitaxel-producing species among angiosperms. Fast-growing callus is a prerequisite for the success of callus production and then paclitaxel production. Therefore, optimizing the medium culture for enhancing callus growth is a crucial step for paclitaxel production. In this research, Murashige and Skoog (1962) (MS) medium was optimized for improving callus growth of hazel (Corylus avellana L.). The M10 medium (MS medium with pH 6.0 and supplemented with 1000 mg l-1 spirulina powder, 1000 mg l-1 casein hydrolysate and 3 g l-1 gelrite) significantly improved hazel callus growth. This modified MS medium increased callus fresh weight (55.8%) as compared to the control. M10 medium increased fatty acids yield of callus (66.7%) as compared to the control. Liquid M10 medium maintained growth over a longer period of time and also increased slightly, the paclitaxel production as compared to the control. This novel medium is promising for facilitating the mass production of hazel callus as a source of valuable metabolites including paclitaxel, linoleic and oleic acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mina Salehi
- Department of Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, P.O. Box: 14115-336, Iran
| | - Ahmad Moieni
- Department of Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, P.O. Box: 14115-336, Iran.
| | - Naser Safaie
- Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, P.O. Box: 14115-336, Iran
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Jemec A, Kos M, Drobne D, Koponen IK, Vukić J, Ferreira NGC, Loureiro S, McShane HVA. In field conditions, commercial pigment grade TiO2 was not harmful to terrestrial isopods but reduced leaf litter fragmentation. Sci Total Environ 2016; 571:1128-35. [PMID: 27481455 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.07.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2016] [Revised: 06/22/2016] [Accepted: 07/15/2016] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the effects of a commercial pigment grade rutile TiO2 on the terrestrial isopod Porcellio scaber in three locations that differed in terms of abiotic and biotic conditions: the laboratory, open air, and the closed barn. Mortality and isopod energy reserves (digestive gland total proteins, lipids and carbohydrates) were not affected following 14days exposure to up to 1000mg TiO2 per kg dry leaves (mg/kg) under any experimental scenario. However, in the field tests, isopods consumption of TiO2-coated leaves was reduced compared to that of uncoated leaves and the decrease was not dose-dependent. The highest reduction was in the closed barn (45-56%) rather than in the open-air (38-40%). In laboratory-based food choice tests, isopods neither preferred nor avoided leaves coated with TiO2, suggesting that rather than sensing the TiO2 on the leaves directly, the isopods under open-air and barn exposure responded to altered attractiveness and/or palatability of the TiO2 amended leaves. We propose that this could be due to altered microbial population on the leaves, a hypothesis that requires further investigation. Although short-term exposure to atmospheric deposition of up to 1000mg/kg commercial TiO2 is unlikely to pose an immediate threat to isopod mortality and energy balance, reduced leaf feeding may have implications for the decomposition of plant material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Jemec
- University of Ljubljana, Biotechnical Faculty, Department of Biology, Večna pot 111, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Monika Kos
- University of Ljubljana, Biotechnical Faculty, Department of Biology, Večna pot 111, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Damjana Drobne
- University of Ljubljana, Biotechnical Faculty, Department of Biology, Večna pot 111, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Ismo Kalevi Koponen
- The Danish Nanosafety Centre, National Research Centre for Working Environment, Lersø Park Alle 105, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jovan Vukić
- University of Montenegro, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Department of Biology, Džordža Vašingtona bb, 81000 Podgorica, Montenegro
| | - Nuno G C Ferreira
- Department of Biology and CESAM, University of Aveiro - Campus de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Susana Loureiro
- Department of Biology and CESAM, University of Aveiro - Campus de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Heather V A McShane
- McGill University, Department of Natural Resource Sciences, 21,111 Lakeshore Drive, St-Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec H9X 3V9, Canada
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Jochner S, Markevych I, Beck I, Traidl-Hoffmann C, Heinrich J, Menzel A. The effects of short- and long-term air pollutants on plant phenology and leaf characteristics. Environ Pollut 2015; 206:382-9. [PMID: 26253312 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2015.07.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2015] [Revised: 07/21/2015] [Accepted: 07/23/2015] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Pollution adversely affects vegetation; however, its impact on phenology and leaf morphology is not satisfactorily understood yet. We analyzed associations between pollutants and phenological data of birch, hazel and horse chestnut in Munich (2010) along with the suitability of leaf morphological parameters of birch for monitoring air pollution using two datasets: cumulated atmospheric concentrations of nitrogen dioxide and ozone derived from passive sampling (short-term exposure) and pollutant information derived from Land Use Regression models (long-term exposure). Partial correlations and stepwise regressions revealed that increased ozone (birch, horse chestnut), NO2, NOx and PM levels (hazel) were significantly related to delays in phenology. Correlations were especially high when rural sites were excluded suggesting a better estimation of long-term within-city pollution. In situ measurements of foliar characteristics of birch were not suitable for bio-monitoring pollution. Inconsistencies between long- and short-term exposure effects suggest some caution when interpreting short-term data collected within field studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Jochner
- Physical Geography/Landscape Ecology and Sustainable Ecosystem Development, Catholic University Eichstätt-Ingolstadt, Ostenstraße 18, 85072 Eichstätt, Germany; Ecoclimatology, Department of Ecology and Ecosystem Management, Technische Universität München, Hans-Carl-von-Carlowitz-Platz 2, 85354 Freising, Germany; Institute for Advanced Study, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstraße 2a, 85748 Garching, Germany.
| | - Iana Markevych
- Institute of Epidemiology I, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Division of Metabolic and Nutritional Medicine, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Lindwurmstraße 4, 80337 Munich, Germany
| | - Isabelle Beck
- Institute of Environmental Medicine (UNIKA-T), Technische Universität München, Neusässer Straße 47, 86156 Augsburg, Germany
| | - Claudia Traidl-Hoffmann
- Institute of Environmental Medicine (UNIKA-T), Technische Universität München, Neusässer Straße 47, 86156 Augsburg, Germany; CK CARE - Christine Kühne Center for Allergy Research and Education, Herman-Burchard-Straße 1, 7265 Davos, Switzerland
| | - Joachim Heinrich
- Institute of Epidemiology I, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Annette Menzel
- Ecoclimatology, Department of Ecology and Ecosystem Management, Technische Universität München, Hans-Carl-von-Carlowitz-Platz 2, 85354 Freising, Germany; Institute for Advanced Study, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstraße 2a, 85748 Garching, Germany
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Michelini L, Meggio F, Reichel R, Thiele-Bruhn S, Pitacco A, Scattolin L, Montecchio L, Alberghini S, Squartini A, Ghisi R. Sulfadiazine uptake and effects in common hazel (Corylus avellana L.). Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2015; 22:13362-13371. [PMID: 25940473 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-4560-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2014] [Accepted: 04/16/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Soil contamination by antibiotics is a possible consequence of animal husbandry waste, sewage sludge, and reclaimed water spreading in agriculture. In this study, 1-year-old hazel plants (Corylus avellana L.) were grown in pots for 64 days in soil spiked with sulfadiazine (SDZ) in the range 0.01-100 mg kg(-1) soil. Leaf gas exchanges, fluorescence parameters and plant growth were measured regularly during the experiment, whereas plant biomass, sulfonamide concentrations in soil and plant tissues, and the quantitative variation of culturable bacterial endophytes in leaf petiole were analyzed at the end of the trial. During the experiment, photosynthesis and leaf transpiration as well as fluorescence parameters were progressively reduced by the antibiotic. Effects were more evident for leaf transpiration and for the highest SDZ spiking concentrations, whereas growth analyses did not reveal negative effects of the antibiotic. At the end of the trial, a high number of culturable endophytic bacteria in the leaf petiole of plants treated with 0.1 and 0.01 mg kg(-1) were observed, and SDZ was extractable from soil and plant roots for spiking concentrations ≥1 mg kg(-1). Inside plants, the antibiotic was mainly stored at the root level with bioconcentration factors increasing with the spiking dose, and the hydroxylated derivate 4-OH-SDZ was the only metabolite detected. Overall results show that 1-year-old hazel plants can contribute to the reduction of sulfonamide concentrations in the environment, however, sensitive reactions to SDZ can be expected at the highest contamination levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Michelini
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals, Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, Agripolis, viale dell'Università 16, 35020, Legnaro, Padova, Italy
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Fanigliulo A, Filì V, Crescenzi A. Carfentrazone-ethyl: a new molecule for the control of hazelnut shoots. Commun Agric Appl Biol Sci 2009; 74:521-523. [PMID: 20222613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Control of the shoots growth is an important practice for the management of hazelnut crop, in order to improve its qualitative and quantitative yield. Bioagritest test facility has set up a trial in order to evaluate the efficacy of the contact herbicide SPOTLIGHT PLUS (carfentrazone 60 g/l) for the control of hazelnut shoots. Experimentation was performed, according to EPPO guidelines and Principles of Good Experimental Practice (GEP), in a family-run hazelnut orchard in Nocera Inferiore (Salerno), southern Italy. Experimental design consisted in random blocks, in 4 repetitions. Two different dosages of SHARK 60EC--0.35 and 0.40 l/hl--were compared with a commercial formulate, Glufosinate-ammonium 2 l/hl (Basta 11.33 SC, BayerCropScience), a non-selective herbicide for use in tree crops, vegetables, non-crop areas and as desiccant of potatoes and other crops. Two applications were realised with an interval of 7 days. 4 scouting's were performed respectively a week, 2 weeks, a month and 2 months after the first application. They consisted in a visual and subjective evaluation on the whole plot of the desiccation of the shoots expressed as a percentage (intensity of necrosis as opposed to any green parts present), according to a scale from 0 to 100. The intensity of desiccation was evaluated together with eventual phytotoxic effects. Statistical analysis was performed by the use of XLSTAT data analysis and statistical software. The chance of an unexpected rain in the hours after the first application produced an interesting result because the two doses of Carfentrazone-ethyl showed a rapid uptake in the tissues of shoots, much higher than that of the standard Glufosinate-ammonium. It is believed that this rapid uptake and, consequently, a fast-desiccation capacity, may represent a value for the use of Carfentrazone-ethyl on hazelnut shoots. Carfentrazone-ethyl provided a good control of hazelnut shoots and, at the highest dose, it induced on all replicates a total dissecation. No effect of phytotoxicity was noticed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Fanigliulo
- Bioagritest Test Facility, Bioagritest Srl - Centro Interregionale di Diagnosi Vegetale. Zona PIP lotto E2. IT-85010 Pignola (PZ), Italy.
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Demiral I, Sensöz S. The effects of different catalysts on the pyrolysis of industrial wastes (olive and hazelnut bagasse). Bioresour Technol 2008; 99:8002-8007. [PMID: 18450440 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2008.03.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2007] [Revised: 03/17/2008] [Accepted: 03/22/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Pyrolysis of olive and hazelnut bagasse biomass samples with two selected catalysts, namely activated alumina and sodium feldspar, have been conducted in a fixed-bed reactor. Experiments were carried out under certain pyrolysis conditions in a fixed-bed Heinze reactor. The catalyst was mixed with feedstock in different percentages. The effects of catalysts and their ratio (10%, 20%, 30% and 40% w/w) on the pyrolysis product yields were investigated and the results were compared with the results of experiments performed without catalyst under the same conditions. The maximum bio-oil yields for the bio-oils obtained from pyrolysis of olive bagasse were found as 37.07% and 36.67% on using activated alumina and sodium feldspar as catalysts, respectively, while these values were 27.64% and 31.68%, respectively, for the bio-oils from hazelnut bagasse. The oxygen contents of the bio-oils were also markedly reduced while the yield of bio-oil was reduced by the use of catalysts. The pyrolysis oils were examined using some spectroscopic and chromatographic analysis techniques. The results were compared with the petroleum fractions and the possibility of being a potential source of bio-oils was investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilknur Demiral
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Eskişehir Osmangazi University, Meşelik Campus, 26480 Eskişehir, Turkey.
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