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Zhou J, Li M, Chang J, Chen B, Wang T, Guo W, Wang Y. Kaolin loaded gelatin sponges for rapid and effective hemostasis and accelerated wound healing. J Biomater Sci Polym Ed 2024; 35:1064-1085. [PMID: 38431865 DOI: 10.1080/09205063.2024.2318086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Severe trauma with massive active blood loss, including liver and spleen rupture, arterial bleeding and pelvic fracture, will lead disability, malformation and even death. Therefore, it is very important to develop new, fast and efficient hemostatic materials. In this study, a novel Gelatin/Kaolin (GE/KA) composite sponge was developed. Meanwhile, to further investigate the effect of kaolin content on sponge properties, we prepared four types of sponges: GE/5% KA, GE/10% KA, GE/15% KA and GE/20% KA. The results of coagulation test in vitro showed that compared to the other groups, there were more activated adhered platelets and red blood cells on the surface of GE/15% KA. The results of hemostasis test in vivo showed that compared to other experimental groups, the GE/15% KA group had significantly less hemostasis time (liver hemostasis model: 69.50 ± 2.81 s; femoral artery hemostasis model: 75.17 ± 3.06 s) and bleeding volume (liver hemostasis model: 219.02 ± 10.39 mg; femoral artery hemostasis model: 948.00 ± 50.69 mg), and was similar to the commercial hemostasis material group. Additionally, the material properties of the sponge were characterized and its biocompatibility was verified as well through cell experiments and in vivo embedding experiments. All these results indicate that the optimal content of kaolin is 15%, which provides a theoretical basis for subsequent research. All in all, the novel GE/KA composite sponge prepared in this study can be used as a multifunctional hemostatic wound dressing for the treatment of complex wounds under various trauma scenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhou
- Trauma Medicine Center, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Trauma and Neural Regeneration, Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, China
- National Center for Trauma Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Ming Li
- Trauma Medicine Center, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Trauma and Neural Regeneration, Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, China
- National Center for Trauma Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Chang
- Trauma Medicine Center, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Trauma and Neural Regeneration, Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, China
- National Center for Trauma Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Bo Chen
- Trauma Medicine Center, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Trauma and Neural Regeneration, Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, China
- National Center for Trauma Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Tianbing Wang
- Trauma Medicine Center, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Trauma and Neural Regeneration, Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, China
- National Center for Trauma Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Guo
- Emergency Department, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yanhua Wang
- Key Laboratory of Trauma and Neural Regeneration, Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, China
- National Center for Trauma Medicine, Beijing, China
- Trauma Orthopedics Department, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
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Bush DS, Demkovich M, Aldunate M, Siegel J, Berenbaum MR. Kaolin as a management alternative for insecticide-resistant navel orangeworm (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). J Econ Entomol 2023; 116:2095-2103. [PMID: 37947189 DOI: 10.1093/jee/toad194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
The production of almonds and pistachios in California's Central Valley employs insecticides for the management of their primary pest, navel orangeworm. The pyrethroid Bifenthrin is commonly used, and now a strain of Amyelois transitella Walker (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) (R347) obtained from Kern County almond orchards with a history of Bifenthrin use has acquired >110-fold resistance toward pyrethroids. One method to improve control is to use additives and spray adjuvants, which are applied simultaneously with an insecticide to increase coverage and/or duration of control. We tested 2 levels of the naturally occurring clay Kaolin as an additive, alone and in combination with either Bifenthrin or the diamide Chlorantraniliprole, to determine if it could reduce feeding damage and decrease survival of pyrethroid-resistant A. transitella on almonds in the laboratory and improve the efficacy of Chlorantraniliprole in the field. Larval performance was measured for the strains R347 and ALM (34.7-fold resistance compared to susceptible lab strain) reared on treated almonds. Strain R347 had 1.9-fold greater survival and caused 1.3-fold more feeding damage than strain ALM across all treatments, although both strains were susceptible to the combination of Kaolin + insecticide. Kaolin synergized Bifenthrin for R347, decreasing survival by 10.0%. Kaolin did not reduce feeding damage for either strain. When combined with insecticide, feeding damage was similar to insecticide alone, but the addition of Kaolin to the insecticide generally decreased survival more than the insecticide alone. In the field, the addition of Kaolin to Chlorantraniprole during application helped retain activity against this challenging pest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel S Bush
- Department of Entomology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Mark Demkovich
- Syngenta Crop Protection, 498 North Mariposa Avenue, Visalia, CA 93292, USA
| | - Moiravi Aldunate
- Department of Entomology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Joel Siegel
- USDA-ARS, San Joaquin Valley Agricultural Sciences Center, 9611 South Riverbend Avenue, Parlier, CA 93648, USA
| | - May R Berenbaum
- Department of Entomology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
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Gan C, Hu H, Meng Z, Zhu X, Gu R, Wu Z, Sun W, Han P, Wang H, Dou G, Gan H. Local Clays from China as Alternative Hemostatic Agents. Molecules 2023; 28:7756. [PMID: 38067486 PMCID: PMC10708434 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28237756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Revised: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the coagulation properties of inorganic minerals such as kaolin and zeolite have been demonstrated. This study aimed to assess the hemostatic properties of three local clays from China: natural kaolin from Hainan, natural halloysite from Yunnan, and zeolite synthesized by our group. The physical and chemical properties, blood coagulation performance, and cell biocompatibility of the three materials were tested. The studied materials were characterized by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). All three clays showed different morphologies and particle size, and exhibited negative potentials between pH 6 and 8. The TGA and DSC curves for kaolin and halloysite were highly similar. Kaolin showed the highest water absorption capacity (approximately 93.8% ± 0.8%). All three clays were noncytotoxic toward L929 mouse fibroblasts. Kaolin and halloysite showed blood coagulation effects similar to that exhibited by zeolite, indicating that kaolin and halloysite are promising alternative hemostatic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changjiao Gan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China; (C.G.)
- National Medical Products Administration Institute of Executive Development, 16 Xi Zhan Nan Road, Beijing 100073, China
| | - Hongjie Hu
- Zhengzhou Institute of Multipurpose Utilization of Mineral Resources, Zhengzhou 450006, China
| | - Zhiyun Meng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China; (C.G.)
| | - Xiaoxia Zhu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China; (C.G.)
| | - Ruolan Gu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China; (C.G.)
| | - Zhuona Wu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China; (C.G.)
| | - Wenzhong Sun
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China; (C.G.)
| | - Peng Han
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China; (C.G.)
| | - Hongliang Wang
- Zhengzhou Institute of Multipurpose Utilization of Mineral Resources, Zhengzhou 450006, China
| | - Guifang Dou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China; (C.G.)
| | - Hui Gan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China; (C.G.)
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Bernardi LGP, Boaretto RM, Blain GC, Mattos-Jr D. Particle films improve photosynthesis of citrus trees under excess irradiance by reducing leaf temperature. Physiol Plant 2023; 175:e13844. [PMID: 36539940 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
High irradiance and increased air temperature during extreme weather conditions affect tree crops and impact the yield and quality of fruits. Moreover, flowering and fruit set of Citrus are likely impaired by UV radiation and/or reduced carbon assimilation, which increase reactive oxygen species production and damage the leaf photosynthetic apparatus. Particle coating films sprayed on leaves have been offered as a way to minimize crop losses due to the climate change scenario, even though the extent of leaf protection is not characterized. We evaluated the use of two protective films on the oxidative stress and leaf photosynthesis of sweet orange trees exposed to varying daylight levels. Trees were maintained under full sun light, sprayed or not (control) with kaolin or calcium carbonate, and under reduced irradiance using either aluminum shade cloth 50% or anti-UV transparent plastic. Kaolin or calcium carbonate reflected 20%-30% of the incident light on the leaf surface compared to leaves not sprayed and under full sunlight. Leaves with coating exhibited improved CO2 assimilation and photosystem II efficiency, and lower leaf temperatures over time. In addition, the coating protected leaves against excess irradiance due to dissipation of excess energy into the photosynthetic apparatus (NPQt). Nonenzymatic mechanisms for UV protection, such as carotenoids, were higher in full sun control plants than in leaf-coated plants. Comparable responses were observed on trees maintained covered either by the cloth or the plastic film. Finally, we conclude that the use of suspension particles mitigates the harmful effects of excess UV irradiance and temperature in sweet orange trees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas G P Bernardi
- Centro de Citricultura Sylvio Moreira, Instituto Agronômico (IAC), Cordeirópolis, SP, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo M Boaretto
- Centro de Citricultura Sylvio Moreira, Instituto Agronômico (IAC), Cordeirópolis, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Dirceu Mattos-Jr
- Centro de Citricultura Sylvio Moreira, Instituto Agronômico (IAC), Cordeirópolis, SP, Brazil
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Oliveira DF, Benhadi‐Marín J, Neto J, Sanz L, Garzo E, Aguiar A, Fereres A, Pereira JA. Kaolin particle films disrupt landing, settling behavior and feeding of Trioza erytrae on lemon plants. Pest Manag Sci 2022; 78:4753-4763. [PMID: 35894950 PMCID: PMC9805282 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The citrus greening disease or Huanglongbing (HLB) is the most devastating disease of citrus crops. Trioza erytreae is a vector of HLB. Since its introduction in Europe, the insect reached the northern region of Spain and the southern region of Portugal, threatening relevant citrus production areas. Limiting the spread of HLB vectors is mandatory to prevent this disease. In this work, we assessed the effect of kaolin, a white mineral clay, on the landing, settling behavior and feeding behavior of Trioza erytreae on lemon plants. RESULTS After kaolin application, the number of plants on which the insect was found was significantly lower than on untreated plants in the laboratory and in the field. Moreover, there were significantly fewer T. erytreae and a shorter duration of phloem-related events on kaolin-treated than untreated plants. CONCLUSION The use of kaolin could be a suitable and efficient tool for inclusion into integrated pest management programs or organic production to reduce populations of T. erytreae and subsequently limit the spread of HLB in citrus crops. © 2022 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diogo Félix Oliveira
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de BragançaCampus Sta ApolóniaBragançaPortugal
- Laboratório Associado para a Sustentabilidade e Tecnologia em Regiões de Montanha, Instituto Politécnico de BragançaCampus Sta ApolóniaBragançaPortugal
| | - Jacinto Benhadi‐Marín
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de BragançaCampus Sta ApolóniaBragançaPortugal
- Laboratório Associado para a Sustentabilidade e Tecnologia em Regiões de Montanha, Instituto Politécnico de BragançaCampus Sta ApolóniaBragançaPortugal
| | - Joana Neto
- GreenUPorto—Sustainable Agrifood Production Research Centre/Inov4Agro, DGAOTFaculty of Sciences of the University of PortoVairãoPortugal
| | - Lorena Sanz
- Instituto de Ciencias Agrarias, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, ICA‐CSICMadridSpain
| | - Elisa Garzo
- Instituto de Ciencias Agrarias, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, ICA‐CSICMadridSpain
| | - Ana Aguiar
- GreenUPorto—Sustainable Agrifood Production Research Centre/Inov4Agro, DGAOTFaculty of Sciences of the University of PortoVairãoPortugal
| | - Alberto Fereres
- Instituto de Ciencias Agrarias, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, ICA‐CSICMadridSpain
| | - José Alberto Pereira
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de BragançaCampus Sta ApolóniaBragançaPortugal
- Laboratório Associado para a Sustentabilidade e Tecnologia em Regiões de Montanha, Instituto Politécnico de BragançaCampus Sta ApolóniaBragançaPortugal
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Molitoris AM, deLaforcade AM, Pfaff A, Rozanski EA. Kaolin activation of recalcified citrated whole blood in a point-of-care viscoelastic coagulation test. Can J Vet Res 2022; 86:316-319. [PMID: 36211214 PMCID: PMC9536221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
The viscoelastic coagulation monitor (VCM) is described as a point-of-care analyzer relying on activation of fresh whole blood (FWB) via contact between 2 glass plates. Kaolin is used as an activator in thromboelastography to reduce variability and shorten clotting times. The goal of this study was to compare VCM results from kaolin-activated, recalcified citrated samples with that from FWB. The VCM testing was performed using FWB and kaolin-activated, recalcified citrated samples. The VCM results were recorded for clot time (CT; seconds), clot formation time (CFT; seconds), alpha (degree), amplitude at 10 and 20 minutes (A10 and A20; VCM units), maximum clot firmness (MCF; VCM units), and lysis index (LI; %). Values were compared using a t-test or Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney test, with a P-value < 0.05 considered significant. Variability between samples was calculated using Levene's test. The VCM kaolin activation resulted in significantly faster CT and CFT (P < 0.0001), higher alpha angle (P < 0.001), and higher A10 and A20 (P = 0.007, P = 0.015) compared to FWB. There was no difference in MCF, LI30, or LI45. There was no difference in variability identified. The addition of kaolin to recalcified citrated whole blood VCM samples results in more rapid clotting of FWB alone and could be considered for clinical use in dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy M Molitoris
- Emergency and Critical Care, Department of Clinical Sciences, Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, Tufts University, 55 Willard Street, North Grafton, Massachusetts 01536, USA
| | - Armelle M deLaforcade
- Emergency and Critical Care, Department of Clinical Sciences, Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, Tufts University, 55 Willard Street, North Grafton, Massachusetts 01536, USA
| | - Alexandra Pfaff
- Emergency and Critical Care, Department of Clinical Sciences, Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, Tufts University, 55 Willard Street, North Grafton, Massachusetts 01536, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Rozanski
- Emergency and Critical Care, Department of Clinical Sciences, Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, Tufts University, 55 Willard Street, North Grafton, Massachusetts 01536, USA
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Yang Z, Ye T, Ma F, Zhao X, Yang L, Dou G, Gan H, Wu Z, Zhu X, Gu R, Meng Z. Preparation of Chitosan/Clay Composites for Safe and Effective Hemorrhage Control. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27082571. [PMID: 35458768 PMCID: PMC9026824 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27082571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Uncontrolled hemorrhage from trauma or surgery can lead to death. In this study, chitosan/kaolin (CSK) and chitosan/montmorillonite (CSMMT) composites were prepared from chitosan (CS), kaolin (K), and montmorillonite (MMT) as raw materials to control bleeding. The physiochemical properties and surface morphology of CSK and CSMMT composites were analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), zeta potentials, and X-ray fluorescence (XRF). The hemostatic mechanism was measured in vitro by activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), prothrombin time (PT), in vitro clotting time, erythrocyte aggregation, and thromboelastogram (TEG). The hemostasis ability was further verified by using tail amputation and arteriovenous injury models in rats. The biocompatibility of CSK and CSMMT was evaluated by in vitro hemolysis, cytotoxicity assays, as well as acute toxicity test and skin irritation tests. The results show that CSK and CSMMT are promising composite materials with excellent biocompatibility and hemostatic properties that can effectively control bleeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyuan Yang
- College of pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng 475000, China; (Z.Y.); (G.D.)
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China; (T.Y.); (F.M.); (X.Z.); (L.Y.); (H.G.); (Z.W.); (X.Z.)
| | - Tong Ye
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China; (T.Y.); (F.M.); (X.Z.); (L.Y.); (H.G.); (Z.W.); (X.Z.)
| | - Fei Ma
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China; (T.Y.); (F.M.); (X.Z.); (L.Y.); (H.G.); (Z.W.); (X.Z.)
| | - Xinhong Zhao
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China; (T.Y.); (F.M.); (X.Z.); (L.Y.); (H.G.); (Z.W.); (X.Z.)
| | - Lei Yang
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China; (T.Y.); (F.M.); (X.Z.); (L.Y.); (H.G.); (Z.W.); (X.Z.)
| | - Guifang Dou
- College of pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng 475000, China; (Z.Y.); (G.D.)
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China; (T.Y.); (F.M.); (X.Z.); (L.Y.); (H.G.); (Z.W.); (X.Z.)
| | - Hui Gan
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China; (T.Y.); (F.M.); (X.Z.); (L.Y.); (H.G.); (Z.W.); (X.Z.)
| | - Zhuona Wu
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China; (T.Y.); (F.M.); (X.Z.); (L.Y.); (H.G.); (Z.W.); (X.Z.)
| | - Xiaoxia Zhu
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China; (T.Y.); (F.M.); (X.Z.); (L.Y.); (H.G.); (Z.W.); (X.Z.)
| | - Ruolan Gu
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China; (T.Y.); (F.M.); (X.Z.); (L.Y.); (H.G.); (Z.W.); (X.Z.)
- Correspondence: (R.G.); (Z.M.)
| | - Zhiyun Meng
- College of pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng 475000, China; (Z.Y.); (G.D.)
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China; (T.Y.); (F.M.); (X.Z.); (L.Y.); (H.G.); (Z.W.); (X.Z.)
- Correspondence: (R.G.); (Z.M.)
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Bernardo S, Dinis LT, Machado N, Barros A, Pitarch-Bielsa M, Malheiro AC, Gómez-Cadenas A, Moutinho-Pereira J. Uncovering the effects of kaolin on balancing berry phytohormones and quality attributes of Vitis vinifera grown in warm-temperate climate regions. J Sci Food Agric 2022; 102:782-793. [PMID: 34227127 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.11413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The application of kaolin particle film is considered a short-term strategy against several environmental stresses in areas with a Mediterranean-like climate. However, it is known that temperature fluctuations and water availability over the season can jeopardize kaolin efficiency in many Mediterranean crops. Hence, this study aims to evaluate the effects of kaolin foliar application on berry phytohormones, antioxidant defence, and oenological parameters at veraison and harvest stages of Touriga-Franca (TF) and Touriga-Nacional (TN) grapevines in two growing seasons (2017 and 2018). The 2017 growing season was considered the driest (-147.1 dryness index) and the warmest (2705 °C growing degree days) of the study. RESULTS In 2017, TF kaolin-treated berries showed lower salicylic acid (-26.6% compared with unsprayed vines) and abscisic acid (ABA) (-10.5%) accumulation at veraison, whereas salicylic acid increased up to 28.8% at harvest. In a less hot season, TN and TF kaolin-treated grapevines showed a twofold in ABA content and a threefold increase in the indole-3-acetic acid content at veraison and lower ABA levels (83.8%) compared with unsprayed vines at harvest. Treated berries showed a decreased sugar content, without compromising malic and tartaric acid levels, and reactive oxygen species accumulation throughout berry ripening. CONCLUSION The results suggest kaolin exerts a delaying effect in triggering ripening-related processes under severe summer stress conditions. Treated berries responded with improved antioxidant defence and phytohormone balance, showing significant interactions between kaolin treatment, variety, and developmental stage in both assessed years. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Bernardo
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Lia-Tânia Dinis
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Nelson Machado
- CoLAB Vines&Wines - National Collaborative Laboratory for the Portuguese Wine Sector, Associação para o Desenvolvimento da Viticultura Duriense (ADVID), Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Ana Barros
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Marta Pitarch-Bielsa
- Department de Ciències Agràries i del Medi Natural, Universitat Jaume I, Castellón de la Plana, Spain
| | - Aureliano C Malheiro
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Aurelio Gómez-Cadenas
- Department de Ciències Agràries i del Medi Natural, Universitat Jaume I, Castellón de la Plana, Spain
| | - José Moutinho-Pereira
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal
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Showler AT, Harlien JL. Lethal Effects of Commercial Kaolin Dust and Silica Aerogel Dust With and Without Botanical Compounds on Horn Fly Eggs, Larvae, Pupae, and Adults in the Laboratory. J Med Entomol 2022; 59:283-290. [PMID: 34401921 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjab140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The horn fly, Haematobia irritans irritans (L.) (Diptera: Muscidae), is an important bloodsucking ectoparasite of cattle throughout much of the world. The fly is mostly controlled using conventional synthetic insecticides but as concerns about resistance increase, alternative tactics have come under heightened scrutiny. Four desiccant dust products: Surround WP, a kaolin clay-based wettable powder; CimeXa, comprised of silica aerogel; Drione, silica aerogel + pyrethrins; and EcoVia, silica aerogel + thyme oil, were assessed for their lethal effects against horn fly eggs, larvae, pupae, and adults, under laboratory conditions. Although Surround WP and CimeXa did not prevent egg hatching and (when mixed with manure substrate) pupal development, the two products were associated with moderate reductions of emerged adults, and with complete adult contact mortality within 6 hr and 24 hr, respectively. Drione and EcoVia eliminated egg hatching, pupal development, and adults within 15 min to 1 hr, respectively, whether the flies were exposed to treated filter paper substrate or exposed by immersion in the dusts. Implications for horn fly control and advantages of inert desiccant dust formulations are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allan T Showler
- USDA-ARS Knipling-Bushland U.S. Livestock Insects Research Laboratory, Kerrville, TX, USA
| | - Jessica L Harlien
- USDA-ARS Knipling-Bushland U.S. Livestock Insects Research Laboratory, Kerrville, TX, USA
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Liu C, Chen Y, Cui W, Cao Y, Zhao L, Wang H, Liu X, Fan S, Huang K, Tong A, Zhou L. Inhibition of neuronal necroptosis mediated by RIP1/RIP3/MLKL provides neuroprotective effects on kaolin-induced hydrocephalus in mice. Cell Prolif 2021; 54:e13108. [PMID: 34374150 PMCID: PMC8450124 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.13108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Necroptosis is widespread in neurodegenerative diseases. Here, we examined necroptosis in the hippocampus and cortex after hydrocephalus and found that a necroptosis pathway inhibitor alleviates necroptosis and provides neuroprotective effects. MATERIALS AND METHODS Hydrocephalus was induced in C57BL/6 mice by kaolin. Haematoxylin and eosin (HE), Nissl, PI and Fluoro-Jade B (FJB) staining were used for general observations. Phosphorylated receptor-interacting protein kinase 3 (p-RIP3) and phosphorylated mixed lineage kinase domain-like (p-MLKL) were measured by Western blotting and immunohistochemistry. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to observe ependymal cilia. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and the Morris water maze (MWM) test were used to assess neurobehavioral changes. Immunofluorescence was used to detect microglial and astrocyte activation. Inflammatory cytokines were measured by Western blotting and RT-PCR. RESULTS Obvious pathological changes appeared in the hippocampus and cortex after hydrocephalus, and expression of the necroptosis markers p-RIP3, p-MLKL and inflammatory cytokines increased. Necrostatin-1 (Nec-1) and GSK872 reduced necrotic cell death, attenuated p-RIP3 and p-MLKL levels, slightly improved neurobehaviours and inhibited microglial and astrocyte activation and inflammation. CONCLUSIONS RIP1/RIP3/MLKL mediates necroptosis in the cortex and hippocampus in a hydrocephalus mouse model, and Nec-1 and GSK872 have some neuroprotective effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Medical School, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yaxing Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Medical School, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wenyao Cui
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Medical School, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yi Cao
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Medical School, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chengdu Second People's hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Long Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Medical School, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Haoxiang Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Medical School, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoyin Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Medical School, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shuangmin Fan
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Medical School, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Keru Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Medical School, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Aiping Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Liangxue Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Medical School, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Çakmak T, Simón O, Kaydan MB, Tange DA, González Rodríguez AM, Piedra-Buena Díaz A, Caballero Murillo P, Hernández Suárez E. Effects of several UV-protective substances on the persistence of the insecticidal activity of the Alphabaculovirus of Chrysodeixis chalcites (ChchNPV-TF1) on banana (Musa acuminata, Musaceae, Colla) under laboratory and open-field conditions. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0250217. [PMID: 33979364 PMCID: PMC8115783 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0250217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Alphabaculovirus of Chrysodeixis chalcites (ChchNPV-TF1) has been investigated as a useful bioinsecticide against C. chalcites (Esper) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in banana crops. This study investigated the effects of several substances on the persistence of ChchNPV-TF1 under field conditions in the Canary Islands. Natural photoprotective substances, such as moringa, cacao, green tea, benzopurpurine, charcoal, iron dioxide, benzimidazole, kaolinite, and bentonite, were first evaluated under laboratory conditions using a Crosslinker as UV light source at 200 J/cm2. The photoprotective substances were divided into three groups: low protection (0–8%; kaolinite), intermediate protection (48–62%; green tea, moringa, bentonite and cacao) and high protection (87–100%; charcoal, iron ioxide). Benzopurpurine and benzimidazole did not provide any photoprotective effects. Two of the substances that yielded the best results, 1% cacao and 1% charcoal, were selected for the open-field experiment in a banana plantation. The persistence of ChchNPV-TF1 OBs (occlusion bodies) on leaf surfaces with sunlight exposure was analysed by comparing the initial mortality of 2nd instar C. chalcites larvae with the mortality observed at various intervals postapplication. The mortality rates decreased over time in all treatments and were always higher in the UV-protective substance-treated parcels. The 1% charcoal treatment exhibited the highest protection in both the laboratory and field experiments. No specific interference of UV-protective substances on the maximum photochemical efficiency of banana plants was observed under field conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylan Çakmak
- Unidad de Protección Vegetal, Instituto Canario de Investigaciones Agrarias (ICIA), Valle de Guerra, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Oihane Simón
- Bioinsecticidas Microbianos, Institute for Multidisciplinary Research in Applied Biology (IMAB), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNa), Mutilva, Navarra, Spain
| | - Mehmet Bora Kaydan
- Biotechnology Application and Research Centre, Çukurova University, Adana, Turkey
- İmamoğlu Vocational School, Çukurova University, Adana, Turkey
| | - Denis Achiri Tange
- Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Plant Protection Balcali, Çukurova University, Adana, Turkey
| | - Agueda Mª. González Rodríguez
- Departamento de Botánica, Ecología y Fisiología Vegetal, Universidad de La Laguna, San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Ana Piedra-Buena Díaz
- Unidad de Protección Vegetal, Instituto Canario de Investigaciones Agrarias (ICIA), Valle de Guerra, Tenerife, Spain
- * E-mail:
| | - Primitivo Caballero Murillo
- Bioinsecticidas Microbianos, Institute for Multidisciplinary Research in Applied Biology (IMAB), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNa), Mutilva, Navarra, Spain
| | - Estrella Hernández Suárez
- Unidad de Protección Vegetal, Instituto Canario de Investigaciones Agrarias (ICIA), Valle de Guerra, Tenerife, Spain
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Cabo S, Aires A, Carvalho R, Vilela A, Pascual-Seva N, Silva AP, Gonçalves B. Kaolin, Ascophyllum nodosum and salicylic acid mitigate effects of summer stress improving hazelnut quality. J Sci Food Agric 2021; 101:459-475. [PMID: 32648605 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.10655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 06/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Various strategies are needed to mitigate the negative impact on or to increase fruit quality. The effect of spraying kaolin (K), Ascophyllum nodosum (An) and salicylic acid (SA), in trees with and without irrigation, on quality and sensorial attributes of hazelnut (Grada de Viseu cultivar) was investigated during two consecutive years (2016 and 2017) in a commercial orchard located in Moimenta da Beira, Portugal. RESULTS The treatments affected positively the biometric parameters nut and kernel weight, length, width, thickness and volume as well as the vitamin E level, antioxidant activity and content of some individual phenolics, such as protocatechuic acid, gallocatechin, catechin and epicatechin. The levels of amino acids in hazelnut kernels decreased in all the assayed treatments, while the kernel colour and sensorial attributes were not affected by the treatments. Hazelnut physical properties (nut and kernels), chemical and phytochemical composition and antioxidant activities were positively related. CONCLUSIONS The application of K, An and SA improved the hazelnut tree response to climate change, without compromising the hazelnut chemical and sensorial quality. Furthermore, due to the similar observations for the same treatments with and without irrigation, it can be stated that K, An and SA can be efficient and cost-effective tools to mitigate summer stress in rain-fed orchards. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Cabo
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, CITAB, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, UTAD, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Alfredo Aires
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, CITAB, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, UTAD, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Rosa Carvalho
- Department of Agronomy, School of Agrarian and Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, UTAD, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Alice Vilela
- Chemistry Research Centre, CQ-VR, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Núria Pascual-Seva
- Department of Plant Production, Universitat Politècnica de València, València, Spain
| | - Ana Paula Silva
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, CITAB, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, UTAD, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Berta Gonçalves
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, CITAB, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, UTAD, Vila Real, Portugal
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Zhang Y, Song X, Shen H, Cao X, Yuan Y, Wu Z, Yu Z. The Effects of Modified Clay on Abalone (Haliotis discus hannai) Based on Laboratory and Field Experiments. Environ Toxicol Chem 2020; 39:2065-2075. [PMID: 33464659 DOI: 10.1002/etc.4822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The abalone industry has suffered immense economic losses due to the occurrence of harmful algal blooms (HABs). Among the methods for mitigating HABs, modified clay is considered the most promising strategy and has been successfully used for field applications in many countries, and its environmental effects have become a subject of global concern. The effects of modified clay on the survival, growth, nutritional quality, and oxidative stress indicators of abalone were studied based on both laboratory and field experiments. The results showed that modified clay at 3-10 times the concentrations used for HAB treatment did not affect the survival of abalone. During the laboratory experiments, the increases in abalone shell length and weight nonsignificantly decreased with increasing concentrations of modified clay at 1-15 d, whereas the weight of abalone in the experimental groups increased rapidly during the recovery period at 16-30 d. The growth and nutrition qualities of abalone in field experiments showed negligible differences between the control and experimental groups. Catalase (CAT) activity in the hepatopancreas and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in the gills were significantly affected by certain concentrations of modified clay at individual time points, whereas the malondialdehyde (MDA) content decreased in all experimental groups within 96 h. The removal of bacteria and the mitigation of water quality decline were among the effects of modified clay that contributed to the decrease in MDA content. The present study showed that modified clay had no obvious adverse effects on the survival, growth, quality, or oxidative stress indicators of abalone at the experimental concentrations, thus providing a reference for the field application of modified clay in typical aquaculture areas. Environ Toxicol Chem 2020;39:2065-2075. © 2020 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
- Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
- Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiuxian Song
- Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
- Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
- Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Huihui Shen
- Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
- Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
- Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xihua Cao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
- Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
- Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongquan Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
- Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
- Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
| | - Zaixing Wu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
- Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
- Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiming Yu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
- Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
- Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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Frioni T, Tombesi S, Sabbatini P, Squeri C, Lavado Rodas N, Palliotti A, Poni S. Kaolin Reduces ABA Biosynthesis Through the Inhibition of Neoxanthin Synthesis in Grapevines Under Water Deficit. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21144950. [PMID: 32668754 PMCID: PMC7404328 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21144950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In many viticulture regions, multiple summer stresses are occurring with increased frequency and severity because of warming trends. Kaolin-based particle film technology is a technique that can mitigate the negative effects of intense and/or prolonged drought on grapevine physiology. Although a primary mechanism of action of kaolin is the increase of radiation reflection, some indirect effects are the protection of canopy functionality and faster stress recovery by abscisic acid (ABA) regulation. The physiological mechanism underlying the kaolin regulation of canopy functionality under water deficit is still poorly understood. In a dry-down experiment carried out on grapevines, at the peak of stress and when control vines zeroed whole-canopy net CO2 exchange rates/leaf area (NCER/LA), kaolin-treated vines maintained positive NCER/LA (~2 µmol m-2 s-1) and canopy transpiration (E) (0.57 µmol m-2 s-1). Kaolin-coated leaves had a higher violaxanthin (Vx) + antheraxanthin (Ax) + zeaxanthin (Zx) pool and a significantly lower neoxanthin (Nx) content (VAZ) when water deficit became severe. At the peak of water shortage, leaf ABA suddenly increased by 4-fold in control vines, whereas in kaolin-coated leaves the variation of ABA content was limited. Overall, kaolin prevented the biosynthesis of ABA by avoiding the deviation of the VAZ epoxidation/de-epoxidation cycle into the ABA precursor (i.e., Nx) biosynthetic direction. The preservation of the active VAZ cycle and transpiration led to an improved dissipation of exceeding electrons, explaining the higher resilience of canopy functionality expressed by canopies sprayed by kaolin. These results point out the interaction of kaolin with the regulation of the VAZ cycle and the active mechanism of stomatal conductance regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tommaso Frioni
- Department of Sustainable Crop Production, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Via Emilia Parmense 84, 29122 Piacenza, Italy; (T.F.); (C.S.); (S.P.)
| | - Sergio Tombesi
- Department of Sustainable Crop Production, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Via Emilia Parmense 84, 29122 Piacenza, Italy; (T.F.); (C.S.); (S.P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +390523599221
| | - Paolo Sabbatini
- Department of Horticulture, Michigan State University, 1066 Bogue Street, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA;
| | - Cecilia Squeri
- Department of Sustainable Crop Production, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Via Emilia Parmense 84, 29122 Piacenza, Italy; (T.F.); (C.S.); (S.P.)
| | - Nieves Lavado Rodas
- CICYTEX (Junta de Extremadura), Finca La Orden, Ctra. A-V, km 372, Guadajira, 06187 Badajoz, Spain;
| | - Alberto Palliotti
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Borgo XX Giugno 74, 06121 Perugia, Italy;
| | - Stefano Poni
- Department of Sustainable Crop Production, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Via Emilia Parmense 84, 29122 Piacenza, Italy; (T.F.); (C.S.); (S.P.)
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Otuechere CA, Adewuyi A, Avwioroko OJ, Olajide EP, Fadoju BO. Amine-modified kaolinite clay preserved thyroid function and renal oxidative balance after sub-acute exposure in rats. J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol 2020; 32:89-96. [PMID: 32589603 DOI: 10.1515/jbcpp-2019-0298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Kaolinite clay is an abundant natural resource in Nigeria with several industrial applications. Incidentally, the wide-scale use of kaolinite clay is hampered by its small surface area. The objective of this study was to assess the effects of amine-modified clay on electrolyte, thyroid, and kidney function markers. METHODS Modification of kaolinite clay with an amine functional group was achieved using surface grafting technique. Characterization with a scanning electron microscope and Brunauer-Emmett Teller surface area analyzer confirmed this modification. However, there is sparse information on the effect of amine-modified kaolinite clay on electrolyte homeostasis, thyroid, and renal function. Rats were administered amine-modified kaolinite clay at the doses of 1, 2, and 5 mg/kg body weight. RESULTS After 14 days of repeated-dose treatment, there were no significant changes in levels of albumin, uric acid, triiodothyronine, thyroxine, ratio of triiodothyronine to thyroxine, and relative kidney organ weight. Furthermore, there were no changes in the concentration of potassium, although amine-modified kaolinite clay significantly decreased sodium, calcium, and total cholesterol levels. Amine-modified kaolinite clay, at all treatment doses, also preserved the renal histoarchitecture and oxidative balance in rats. CONCLUSIONS This study reports on the effect of amine-modified kaolinite clay on renal markers and thyroid function, and further deepens our understanding of their biochemical action. This baseline data may boost the prospect of using amine-modified kaolinite clay in the treatment of contaminated water.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Adewale Adewuyi
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Redeemer's University, Ede, Osun State, Nigeria
| | | | | | - Beatrice O Fadoju
- Department of Biochemistry, Redeemer's University, Ede, Osun State, Nigeria
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Huang X, Wan Y, Shi B, Shi J. Effects of powdered activated carbon on the coagulation-flocculation process in humic acid and humic acid-kaolin water treatment. Chemosphere 2020; 238:124637. [PMID: 31470312 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.124637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2019] [Revised: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The addition of powdered activated carbon (PAC) to remove micropollutants is a commonly used technology to improve drinking water quality. However, the effects of PAC dosing strategy on the coagulation-flocculation process of water treatment have not been well understood, especially for water with low amounts of inorganic particles. Therefore, the current research aimed to comprehensively study the effects of simultaneous addition of PAC and aluminum sulfate (AS) coagulants (denoted as PAC-AS) or adding PAC 2 h before coagulation (denoted as PAC2h-AS) on the coagulation behavior in humic acid (HA) and HA-kaolin water treatment. The results showed that the floc size, growth rate, breakage factor, and fractal dimension were all enhanced by PAC-AS and PAC2h-AS for HA but not for HA-kaolin water treatment. In HA water treatment, PAC-AS reached a larger floc size and faster growth rate, while PAC2h-AS achieved a larger floc breakage factor and fractal dimension value. For PAC2h-AS, the pre-adsorption of HA onto PAC would lower the initial particle concentration and reduce the collision probability during HA water coagulation process; thus, the DOC removal efficiency, floc size, and growth rate of PAC2h-AS were relatively smaller than those of PAC-AS. For the floc strength and floc fractal dimension, the pre-adsorption of HA onto PAC contributed to formation of stronger inter-particle bonds; thus, stronger and more compact flocs were formed by PAC2h-AS compared with those of PAC-AS. The addition of PAC had a smaller impact on the floc properties in HA-kaolin water treatment owing to its higher initial particle concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Huang
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 18 Shuangqing Rd, Beijing, 100085, China.
| | - Yang Wan
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 18 Shuangqing Rd, Beijing, 100085, China; School of Textiles, Nantong University, Nantong, 226019, China.
| | - Baoyou Shi
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 18 Shuangqing Rd, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Jian Shi
- School of Textiles, Nantong University, Nantong, 226019, China; Analysis & Testing Center, Nantong University, Nantong, 226019, China.
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17
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Frioni T, Saracino S, Squeri C, Tombesi S, Palliotti A, Sabbatini P, Magnanini E, Poni S. Understanding kaolin effects on grapevine leaf and whole-canopy physiology during water stress and re-watering. J Plant Physiol 2019; 242:153020. [PMID: 31450036 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2019.153020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Revised: 08/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Kaolin applications have been investigated in grapevines to understand cooling effects on leaves and clusters and the relative impact on gas exchange, leaf biochemistry, water use efficiency, glyco-metabolism and hormonal patterns. Several Almost all previous contributions have relied upon single-leaf measurements, leaving uncertainty on whole canopy performances, depending on the complexity of a canopy system vs. individual leaves. In our study, kaolin was sprayed at pre-veraison (DOY 204) on potted mature vines (cv. Sangiovese) and washed off a month later (DOY 233), while control vines were left unsprayed. Within control (C) and kaolin (KL) treated vines, well-watered (WW) and water stress (WS) treatments were also imposed over a 10-day period (DOY 208-217) and all vines were re-watered when the WS reached its peak (stem water potential between -1.3 and -1.6 MPa). Single leaf measurements included leaf surface temperature by thermal imaging (Leaf Tmean), assimilation (Leaf A), transpiration (Leaf E), stomatal conductance (Leaf gs) rates, Fv/Fm fluorescence ratio, pre-dawn and stem water potential. Concurrently, whole canopy gas exchange was monitored continuously from DOY 200-259 using a vine enclosure system and daily net CO2 exchange rate (NCER) and canopy transpiration (Ecanopy) were calculated and then normalized vs. leaf area per vine. Results report that for any of the parameters recorded at both levels (single leaf and whole canopy), there was good agreement in terms of relative changes. In absence of water stress, KL was able to improve leaf cooling, while slightly reducing photosynthetic and water loss rates. More interestingly, data taken under water deficit and upon re-watering support the hypothesis that KL can turn into a protective agent for leaf function. In fact, the lack of photo-inhibition and the maintenance of leaf evaporative cooling found in KL-WS at the peak of water-stress (Fv/Fm > 0.7, Leaf Tmean < 38°C and Ecanopy > 0.5mmol m-2 s-1) warranted a prompter recovery of leaf functions upon re-watering that did not occur in C-WS vines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tommaso Frioni
- Department of Sustainable Crop Production, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Via Emilia Parmense 84, 29122, Piacenza, Italy.
| | - Simone Saracino
- Department of Sustainable Crop Production, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Via Emilia Parmense 84, 29122, Piacenza, Italy
| | - Cecilia Squeri
- Department of Sustainable Crop Production, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Via Emilia Parmense 84, 29122, Piacenza, Italy
| | - Sergio Tombesi
- Department of Sustainable Crop Production, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Via Emilia Parmense 84, 29122, Piacenza, Italy
| | - Alberto Palliotti
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences DSA(3), Università degli Studi di Perugia, Borgo XX Giugno 74, 06121, Perugia, Italy
| | - Paolo Sabbatini
- Department of Horticulture, Michigan State University, 1066 Bogue Street, 48824, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Eugenio Magnanini
- Department of Sustainable Crop Production, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Via Emilia Parmense 84, 29122, Piacenza, Italy
| | - Stefano Poni
- Department of Sustainable Crop Production, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Via Emilia Parmense 84, 29122, Piacenza, Italy
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Rodenbaugh CI, Lyon SD, Hanzlicek AS, Kanda I, Payton ME, Rizzi TE, Holland LA, Brandão J. Dynamic viscoelastic coagulometry of blood obtained from healthy chickens. Am J Vet Res 2019; 80:441-448. [PMID: 31034267 DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.80.5.441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess feasibility of the use of a dynamic viscoelastic coagulometer on chicken blood and compare coagulation variables for fresh whole blood and sodium citrate-preserved whole blood as well as effects of 3 coagulation activators on blood from chickens. SAMPLE Blood samples from 30 hens. PROCEDURES Chickens were allowed to rest undisturbed for 1 hour. A blood sample was collected from an ulnar vein; 1.4 mL was analyzed immediately, and 1.8 mL was mixed with sodium citrate and subsequently recalcified and analyzed. A separate coagulation activator (glass beads, kaolin clay, or tissue factor) was in each of the 2 channels of the analyzer. Chickens were allowed a 1-hour rest period, and another blood sample was collected from the contralateral ulnar vein; it was processed in the same manner as for the first sample, except both channels of the analyzer contained the same coagulation activator. RESULTS Compared with fresh samples, citrated samples had higher values for activated clotting time and platelet function and lower clotting rates. Intra-assay coefficients of variation of coagulation profiles for citrated samples were markedly greater than the limit of 10%, whereas values for fresh samples were close to or < 10%. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Results suggested that use of a dynamic viscoelastic coagulometer on chicken blood was feasible and that analysis of fresh whole blood from healthy chickens provided results with less variability than did analysis of citrated blood. Samples preserved with sodium citrate were associated with significant relative hypocoagulability, compared with results for fresh blood.
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Zhang W, Lu Y, Sun H, Zhang Y, Zhou M, Song Q, Gao Y. Effects of multi-walled carbon nanotubes on pyrene adsorption and desorption in soils: The role of soil constituents. Chemosphere 2019; 221:203-211. [PMID: 30640002 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.01.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Revised: 12/27/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Once entering soil, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) can influence the fate of hydrophobic organic compounds (HOCs) in soil due to its strong adsorption capacity. This process may be influenced by the interactions between CNTs and soil constituents. The mechanisms therein were investigated in the present study by examining pyrene adsorption/desorption on one CNTs, two soils (black soil and paddy soil), and mixtures thereof. CNTs' amendment enhanced soil site heterogeneity and adsorption capacity of pyrene while it was less than that predicted by the sum of the individual adsorption on soils and CNTs, which was more obvious at low aqueous concentrations. This could be due to the interactions between soil constituents (dissolved organic matter (DOM) and clays) and CNTs. Modification of CNTs by DOM attenuated pyrene adsorption by 14.9%-66.1%, which was ascribed to occupying of surface adsorption sites, pore blockage of CNTs' aggregates, enhancement of surface polarity, and enhancement of pyrene solubility in aqueous phase. The coexistence of clay (kaolinite) also showed inhibition on pyrene adsorption onto CNTs with a reduction of 19.2%-40.2%. This could be ascribed to that the attachment of clay particles on CNTs' aggregates could cover the surface adsorption sites and enhance the surface polarity of CNTs. The effect of CNTs amendment on pyrene desorption hysteresis differed among soils. The hysteresis index of the black soil doubled after CNTs' amendment while that of paddy soil remained unchanged. The results of this study provide insights into the possible effects of CNTs on the fate of HOCs in real soil environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China; Ecology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Jinan 250103, China
| | - Yuan Lu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Hongwen Sun
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
| | - Yanwei Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China; Agro-Environmental Pollution Institute, MOA, Tianjin 300191, China
| | - Meng Zhou
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Qi Song
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China; Dalian University of Technology, Panjin 124221, China
| | - Yongchao Gao
- Ecology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Jinan 250103, China
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Jafarzadeh S, Rhim JW, Alias AK, Ariffin F, Mahmud S. Application of antimicrobial active packaging film made of semolina flour, nano zinc oxide and nano-kaolin to maintain the quality of low-moisture mozzarella cheese during low-temperature storage. J Sci Food Agric 2019; 99:2716-2725. [PMID: 30350410 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.9439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Revised: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Active food packaging films with improved properties and strong antimicrobial activity were prepared by blending mixed nanomaterials with different ratio [1:4 (40 mg:160 mg), 3:2 (120 mg: 80 mg), 0:5 (0 mg: 200 mg) and 5:0 (200 mg:0 mg)] of ZnO and kaolin with semolina using a solvent casting method and used for the packaging of low moisture mozzarella cheese to test the effect of packaging on the quality change of the cheese for long-term (up to 72 days) refrigerated storage. RESULTS Compared with the neat semolina film, mechanical strength (TS) of the nanocomposite films increased significantly (increase in 21-65%) and water vapor barrier (WVP) and O2 gas barrier (OP) properties decreased significantly (decrease in 43-50% and 60-65%, respectively) depending on the blending ratio of ZnO and kaolin nanoclay. The nanocomposite films also exhibited strong antimicrobial activity against bacteria (E. coli and S. aureus), yeast (C. albicans), and mold (A. niger). The nanocomposite packaging films were effectively prevented the growth of microorganisms (coliforms, total microbial, and fungi) of the cheese during storage at low-temperature and showed microbial growth of less than 2.5 log CFU/g after 72 days of storage compared to the control group, and the quality of the packaged cheese was still acceptable. CONCLUSION The semolina-based nanocomposite films, especially Sem/Z3 K2 film, were effective for packaging of low moisture mozzarella cheese to maintain the physicochemical properties (pH, moisture, and fat content) and quality (color, taste, texture, and overall acceptability) of the cheese as well as preventing microbial growth (coliforms, total microbial, and fungi). © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shima Jafarzadeh
- Food Biopolymer Research Group, Food Technology Division, School of Industrial Technology, University Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Jong-Whan Rhim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Center for Humanities and Sciences, Bio-nanocomposite Research Center, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Abd Karim Alias
- Food Biopolymer Research Group, Food Technology Division, School of Industrial Technology, University Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Fazilah Ariffin
- Food Biopolymer Research Group, Food Technology Division, School of Industrial Technology, University Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Shahrom Mahmud
- Nano Optoelectronic Research (NOR) Lab, School of Physics, University Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
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van der Hulst L, Munguia P, Culbert JA, Ford CM, Burton RA, Wilkinson KL. Accumulation of volatile phenol glycoconjugates in grapes following grapevine exposure to smoke and potential mitigation of smoke taint by foliar application of kaolin. Planta 2019; 249:941-952. [PMID: 30612169 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-018-03079-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The accumulation of volatile phenol glycoconjugates in smoke-exposed grapes was monitored following grapevine exposure to smoke, with different glycoconjugate profiles observed for fruit sampled 1 and 7 days after smoke exposure, and at maturity. Foliar application of kaolin reduced the concentration of volatile phenol glycoconjugates in smoke-exposed fruit, but efficacy depended on the rate of application and extent of coverage. Smoke taint can be found in wines made from grapes exposed to smoke from bushfires or prescribed burns. It is characterized by objectionable smoky and ashy aromas and flavors, which have been attributed to the presence of smoke-derived volatile phenols, in free and glycoconjugate forms. This study investigated: (1) the accumulation of volatile phenol glycoconjugates in grapes following the application of smoke to Sauvignon Blanc, Chardonnay and Merlot grapevines at approximately 10 days post-veraison; and (2) the potential mitigation of smoke taint as a consequence of foliar applications of kaolin (a clay-based protective film) prior to grapevine smoke exposure. Varietal differences were observed in the glycoconjugate profiles of smoke-exposed grapes; the highest glycoconjugate levels were found in Merlot grapes, being pentose-glucosides of guaiacol, cresols, and phenol, and gentiobiosides of guaiacol and syringol. Changes in volatile phenol glycoconjugate profiles were also observed with time, i.e., between fruit sampled 1 day after smoke exposure and at maturity. The application of kaolin did not significantly affect the glycoconjugate profiles of Sauvignon Blanc and Chardonnay grapes, but significantly lower volatile phenol glycoconjugate levels were observed in Merlot fruit that was treated with kaolin prior to smoke exposure. The potential for control and smoke-exposed grapes to be differentiated by measurement of spectral reflectance was also demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lieke van der Hulst
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, The University of Adelaide, PMB 1, Glen Osmond, SA, 5064, Australia
- The ARC Training Centre for Innovative Wine Production, PMB 1, Glen Osmond, SA, 5064, Australia
| | - Pablo Munguia
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
- Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology University, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia
| | - Julie A Culbert
- The Australian Wine Research Institute, PO Box 197, Glen Osmond, SA, 5064, Australia
| | - Christopher M Ford
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, The University of Adelaide, PMB 1, Glen Osmond, SA, 5064, Australia
| | - Rachel A Burton
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, The University of Adelaide, PMB 1, Glen Osmond, SA, 5064, Australia
- The ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Cell Walls, PMB 1, Glen Osmond, SA, 5064, Australia
| | - Kerry L Wilkinson
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, The University of Adelaide, PMB 1, Glen Osmond, SA, 5064, Australia.
- The ARC Training Centre for Innovative Wine Production, PMB 1, Glen Osmond, SA, 5064, Australia.
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22
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Brito C, Dinis LT, Ferreira H, Rocha L, Pavia I, Moutinho-Pereira J, Correia CM. Kaolin particle film modulates morphological, physiological and biochemical olive tree responses to drought and rewatering. Plant Physiol Biochem 2018; 133:29-39. [PMID: 30388436 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2018.10.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2018] [Revised: 09/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Regarding the foreseeing climate change is reasonable to expect harmful consequences to olive tree (Olea europaea L.), an iconic species of Mediterranean region. Thus, the selection of practices that allow a better drought resistance and recovery capacity needs the immediate attention of scientific community. This study evaluates the strategies adopted by young potted olive trees, subjected to three cycles of drought and rewatering, in the presence of a reflective clay, kaolin (KL). The results demonstrated that KL induced shade-related leaf structural changes and was effective in keeping leaf water status during the most stressful periods. In general, photosynthetic activity of sprayed plants was improved by the alleviation of drought-induced stomatal and non-stomatal limitations. Moreover, during stress imposition sprayed leaves showed reduced oxidative damages, allowing lower investment in antioxidant defences. Furthermore, sprayed plants also had lower nighttime water losses due to inferior nighttime stomatal conductance, and are able to maintain higher respiration rates. Upon rewatering, the shaded effect conferred by KL limited gas exchange restauration, but improved the plants' capacity to restore the metabolic functions. In spite of the induced physiological and biochemical changes, no significant differences were found in whole-plant water use efficiency and plant biomass accumulation, possibly by the attenuation of photosynthesis restauration during the recovery events. In conclusion, the changes induced by KL might be beneficial under severe conditions, as on realistic Mediterranean field environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cátia Brito
- CITAB, Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5000-801, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Lia-Tânia Dinis
- CITAB, Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5000-801, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Helena Ferreira
- CITAB, Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5000-801, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Luís Rocha
- CITAB, Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5000-801, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Ivo Pavia
- CITAB, Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5000-801, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - José Moutinho-Pereira
- CITAB, Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5000-801, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Carlos M Correia
- CITAB, Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5000-801, Vila Real, Portugal.
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23
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Miranda MP, Zanardi OZ, Tomaseto AF, Volpe HX, Garcia RB, Prado E. Processed kaolin affects the probing and settling behavior of Diaphorina citri (Hemiptera: Lividae). Pest Manag Sci 2018; 74:1964-1972. [PMID: 29505110 DOI: 10.1002/ps.4901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2018] [Revised: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alternative methods that have the potential to reduce the entry of Diaphorina citri Kuwayama (Hemiptera: Liviidae), the major citrus pest worldwide, into commercial groves could be a viable approach for huanglongbing management. Kaolin is an aluminum silicate that when sprayed on plants forms a white particle film that interferes with host recognition by the insects. Diaphorina citri orients towards the host plants by visual and olfactory cues. The purpose of the study was to determine the effect of processed kaolin on D. citri settling (no-choice) and probing behavior [electrical penetration graph (EPG) technique] under laboratory conditions, and to study its host plant finding ability and dispersal under field conditions in the absence and presence of young shoots. RESULTS Under laboratory conditions, kaolin caused an overall reduction of 40% in the number of psyllids settled on treated seedlings; furthermore, the proportion of individuals that were able to reach the phloem was 50% lower on kaolin-treated plants than on untreated plants. In the field, the plant finding ability of D. citri was disrupted on kaolin-treated trees (overall reduction of 96%), regardless of the vegetative condition, and psyllid dispersal was slower in kaolin-treated plots than in the untreated control. CONCLUSION This study clearly demonstrates that processed kaolin interferes negatively with different aspects of the host plant finding ability of D. citri. These findings suggest that processed kaolin has a high potential to reduce huanglongbing primary infection. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo P Miranda
- Department of Entomology, Fund for Citrus Protection (FUNDECITRUS), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Odimar Z Zanardi
- Department of Entomology, Fund for Citrus Protection (FUNDECITRUS), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Arthur F Tomaseto
- Department of Entomology, Fund for Citrus Protection (FUNDECITRUS), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Haroldo Xl Volpe
- Department of Entomology, Fund for Citrus Protection (FUNDECITRUS), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rafael B Garcia
- Department of Entomology, Fund for Citrus Protection (FUNDECITRUS), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ernesto Prado
- Department of Entomology, Agricultural Research Institute of State of Minas Gerais, Lavras, Brazil
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Harikrishnan R, Jawahar S, Srikanthan C, Paray BA, Al-Sadoon MK, Balasundaram C. Kaolin incorporated diet on growth and immune response in Ctenopharyngodon idellus against Aeromonas hydrophila. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2018; 77:364-373. [PMID: 29631027 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2018.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2018] [Revised: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The effect of kaolin enriched diet on growth, hematology, and immune response in the grass carp Ctenopharyngodon idellus against Aeromonas hydrophila is reported. Both the infected and uninfected groups fed with kaolin enriched diet gained better weight, protein efficiency ratio (PER) and feed conversion ratio (FCR). The survival rate was 98.3% in control (C) and uninfected (UI) fed with 2 g kg-1 kaolin diet, whereas it was 95.0% in uninfected (UI) fed with 1 g kg-1 or infected (I) fed with 1 g kg-1 kaolin diets. In both groups the red blood cell (RBC) and white blood cell (WBC) counts, percentage of lymphocytes and eosinophils, level of albumin and globulin increased in uninfected (UI) fed with 1, 2, and 3 g kg-1 diets. The serum Ig level significantly increased in both groups when fed with 3 g kg-1 diet, whereas the phagocytic activity did not increase significantly. Further the respiratory burst activity in both groups significantly increased with any supplemented diet. The serum superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity increased significantly in the infected group fed with 2 g kg-1 diet and the uninfected group fed with 1 g kg-1 diet. The complement activity was significantly enhanced in both groups when fed with 1 and 2 g kg-1 diets; the lysozyme activity increased with 2 g kg-1 diet; besides the group was 5% mortality whereas 10% mortality was observed when fed with 1 or 3 g kg-1 diets. The present results suggest that C. idellus fed with kaolin enriched diet promotes growth, hematology, innate and adaptive immune response against Aeromonas hydrophila infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramasamy Harikrishnan
- Department of Zoology, Pachaiyappa's College for Men, Kanchipuram 631 501, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Sundaram Jawahar
- Department of Biotechnology, Bharath College of Science and Management, Thanjavur 613-005, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Chandran Srikanthan
- Department of Biotechnology, Bharath College of Science and Management, Thanjavur 613-005, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Bilal Ahmad Paray
- Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, PO Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad K Al-Sadoon
- Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, PO Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Chellam Balasundaram
- Department of Herbal and Environmental Science, Tamil University, Thanjavur 613 005, Tamil Nadu, India
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25
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Gong B, Wu P, Ruan B, Zhang Y, Lai X, Yu L, Li Y, Dang Z. Differential regulation of phenanthrene biodegradation process by kaolinite and quartz and the underlying mechanism. J Hazard Mater 2018; 349:51-59. [PMID: 29414752 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2018.01.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2017] [Revised: 12/26/2017] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Natural and cost-effective materials such as minerals can serve as supportive matrices to enhance biodegradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). In this study we evaluated and compared the regulatory role of two common soil minerals, i.e. kaolinite and quartz in phenanthrene (a model PAH) degradation by a PAH degrader Sphingomonas sp. GY2B and investigated the underlying mechanism. Overall kaolinite was more effective than quartz in promoting phenanthrene degradation and bacterial growth. And it was revealed that a more intimate association was established between GY2B and kaolinite. Si and O atoms on mineral surface were demonstrated to be involved in GY2B-mineral interaction. There was an higher polysaccharide/lipid content in the EPS (extracellular polymeric substances) secreted by GY2B on kaolinite than on quartz. Altogether, these results showed that differential bacterial growth, enzymatic activity, EPS composition as well as the interface interaction may explain the effects minerals have on PAH biodegradation. It was implicated that different interface interaction between different minerals and bacteria can affect microbial behavior, which ultimately results in different biodegradation efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beini Gong
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China; College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China
| | - Pingxiao Wu
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China; Guangdong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Environmental Nanomaterials, Guangzhou 510006, PR China; The Key Lab of Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510642, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center for Environmental Risk Prevention and Emergency Disposal, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Centre, Guangzhou 510006, PR China.
| | - Bo Ruan
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Yating Zhang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China
| | - Xiaolin Lai
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Langfeng Yu
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Yongtao Li
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China
| | - Zhi Dang
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
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Conde A, Neves A, Breia R, Pimentel D, Dinis LT, Bernardo S, Correia CM, Cunha A, Gerós H, Moutinho-Pereira J. Kaolin particle film application stimulates photoassimilate synthesis and modifies the primary metabolome of grape leaves. J Plant Physiol 2018; 223:47-56. [PMID: 29486461 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2018.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Revised: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 02/04/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Water scarcity is associated with extreme temperatures and high irradiance, and significantly and increasingly affects grapevine yield and quality. In this context, the foliar application of kaolin, a chemically inert mineral that greatly reflects ultraviolet and infrared radiations, as well as, in part, photosynthetically active radiation, has recently been shown to decrease photoinhibition in mature leaves. Here, the influence of this particle film on grapevine leaf metabolome and carbohydrate metabolism was evaluated. Molecular mechanisms underlying photoassimilate synthesis, metabolism and transport capacity were assessed by targeted transcriptional analyses and enzymatic activity assays. Kaolin application increased sucrose concentration in leaves and sucrose transport/phloem loading capacity, as suggested by the stimulation of the transcription of sucrose transporters VvSUC12 and VvSUC27 in these source organs. While the biosynthesis of sucrose increased, as evidenced by higher sucrose content and sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS) activity in leaves, the concentration of transitory starch before the dark period remained unaltered, despite a higher total amylolytic activity in the leaves of kaolin-treated plants. Metabolomic analysis by GC-TOF-MS showed that the application of kaolin enhanced the amounts of simple sugars, including fructose, maltose, xylulose, xylose, sophorose, ribose and erythrose; sugars-phosphate, like mannose-6-Pi, hexose-6-Pi, glucose-6-Pi, glucose-1-Pi, glycerol-α-Pi and fructose-6-Pi; polyols, like xylitol, maltitol, lactitol, glycerol, galactinol and erythritol; organic acids and amino acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artur Conde
- Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology (CBMA), Department of Biology, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; Grupo de Investigação em Biologia Vegetal Aplicada e Inovação Agroalimentar (AgroBioPlant/CITAB-UM), Departamento de Biologia, Universidade do Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal; Centre of Biological Engineering (CEB), Department of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.
| | - Andreia Neves
- Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology (CBMA), Department of Biology, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; Grupo de Investigação em Biologia Vegetal Aplicada e Inovação Agroalimentar (AgroBioPlant/CITAB-UM), Departamento de Biologia, Universidade do Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Richard Breia
- Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology (CBMA), Department of Biology, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; Grupo de Investigação em Biologia Vegetal Aplicada e Inovação Agroalimentar (AgroBioPlant/CITAB-UM), Departamento de Biologia, Universidade do Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Diana Pimentel
- Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology (CBMA), Department of Biology, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; Grupo de Investigação em Biologia Vegetal Aplicada e Inovação Agroalimentar (AgroBioPlant/CITAB-UM), Departamento de Biologia, Universidade do Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Lia-Tânia Dinis
- Grupo de Investigação em Biologia Vegetal Aplicada e Inovação Agroalimentar (AgroBioPlant/CITAB-UM), Departamento de Biologia, Universidade do Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Sara Bernardo
- Grupo de Investigação em Biologia Vegetal Aplicada e Inovação Agroalimentar (AgroBioPlant/CITAB-UM), Departamento de Biologia, Universidade do Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Carlos Manuel Correia
- Grupo de Investigação em Biologia Vegetal Aplicada e Inovação Agroalimentar (AgroBioPlant/CITAB-UM), Departamento de Biologia, Universidade do Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Ana Cunha
- Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology (CBMA), Department of Biology, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; Grupo de Investigação em Biologia Vegetal Aplicada e Inovação Agroalimentar (AgroBioPlant/CITAB-UM), Departamento de Biologia, Universidade do Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Hernâni Gerós
- Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology (CBMA), Department of Biology, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; Grupo de Investigação em Biologia Vegetal Aplicada e Inovação Agroalimentar (AgroBioPlant/CITAB-UM), Departamento de Biologia, Universidade do Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal; Centre of Biological Engineering (CEB), Department of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - José Moutinho-Pereira
- Grupo de Investigação em Biologia Vegetal Aplicada e Inovação Agroalimentar (AgroBioPlant/CITAB-UM), Departamento de Biologia, Universidade do Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
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Garmasheva LL, Kovalenko NK, Pidgorskyi VS, Livinska OP, Voychuk SL, Oleschenko LT, Tomia TV, Lobunets TE. [INTERACTION OF LACTOBACILLUS PLANTARUM 337D UKM B-2627 STRAIN CELLS WITH CLAY MINERALS IN VITRO]. Mikrobiol Z 2016; 78:11-24. [PMID: 30653876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To characterize the interaction of Lactobacillus plantaruni 337D UKM B-2627 strain, which has probiotic properties, with kaolinite and montmorillonite. METHODS The methods of infrared spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, the adsorption-structural static volumetric method, microbiological and statistical methods were used. RESULTS The characteristics of the porous space of clay mineral particles were practically did not change compared with initial samples during the interaction with L. plantarum 337D UKM B-2627 strain cells, pore size distribution had become wider due to the emergence of large diameter pores, reduced surface area, but the adsorption capacity and the layered structure of clay minerals preserved. For the first time the ef- fect of kaolinite and montmorillonite on growth of L. plantaruni 337D strain in vitro was studied. The greatest stimulating effect of clay minerals was observed within two hours of cultivation. The specific growth rate of L. plantaruni 337D strain was in 5.2 times higher when cultured in MRS medium with 4 % of kaolinite and 6 times more - in MRS medium with 1 % montmorillonite versus control. The presence in the medium of kaolinite or montmorillonite slowed the process of reducing pH during growth of the L. plantarum 337D strain, compared with the control. In the presence of montmorillonite pH decreased more slowly than in the presence of kaolinite. The difference between initial pH value of medium with 4 % kaolinite and after two h (ApH) was 10 times less in comparison with the control. At the same time, pH of the medium with 1 % or 4 % montmorillonite began to decrease after 4 hours of cultivation. CONCLUSIONS Different effect on the growth of L. plantarum 337D strain due to differences of physical and chemical characteristics of kaolinite and montmorillonite used in the study.
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Brillante L, Belfiore N, Gaiotti F, Lovat L, Sansone L, Poni S, Tomasi D. Comparing Kaolin and Pinolene to Improve Sustainable Grapevine Production during Drought. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0156631. [PMID: 27294368 PMCID: PMC4905681 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0156631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Viticulture is widely practiced in dry regions, where the grapevine is greatly exposed to water stress. Optimizing plant water use efficiency (WUE) without affecting crop yield, grape and wine quality is crucial to limiting use of water for irrigation and to significantly improving viticulture sustainability. This study examines the use in vineyards of particle film technology (engineered kaolin) and compares it to a film-forming antitranspirant (pinolene), traditionally used to limit leaf water loss, and to an untreated control. The trial was carried out under field conditions over three growing seasons, during which moderate to very severe plant water stress (down to -1.9 MPa) was measured through stem water potential. Leaf stomatal conductance (gs) and photosynthesis rate (An) were measured during the seasons and used to compute intrinsic WUE (WUEi, defined as An/gs ratio). Leaf temperature was also recorded and compared between treatments. Bunch quantity, bunch and berry weight, sugar accumulation, anthocyanin and flavonoid contents were measured. Finally, microvinifications were performed and resultant wines subjected to sensory evaluation.Results showed that the use of kaolin increased grapevine intrinsic WUE (+18% on average as compared to unsprayed vines) without affecting berry and bunch weight and quantity, or sugar level. Anthocyanin content increased (+35%) in kaolin treatment, and the wine was judged more attractive (p-value <0.05) and slightly more appreciated (p-value < 0.1) than control. Pinolene did not increase WUEi, limiting An more than gs; grapes with this treatment contained lower sugar and anthocyanin content than control, and the obtained wine was the least appreciated. This study demonstrates that particle film technology can improve vine WUEi and wine quality at the same time, while traditional antitranspirants were not as effective for these purposes. This positive effect can be used in interaction with other already-demonstrated uses of particle film technology, such as pest control and sunburn reduction, in order to achieve more sustainable vineyard management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Brillante
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Viticulture Research Center, CREA-VIT, Conegliano, Italy
| | - Nicola Belfiore
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Viticulture Research Center, CREA-VIT, Conegliano, Italy
| | - Federica Gaiotti
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Viticulture Research Center, CREA-VIT, Conegliano, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Lovat
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Viticulture Research Center, CREA-VIT, Conegliano, Italy
| | - Luigi Sansone
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Viticulture Research Center, CREA-VIT, Conegliano, Italy
| | - Stefano Poni
- Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Dipartimento di Scienze delle produzioni vegetali sostenibili, Piacenza, Italy
| | - Diego Tomasi
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Viticulture Research Center, CREA-VIT, Conegliano, Italy
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Ogonowski M, Schür C, Jarsén Å, Gorokhova E. The Effects of Natural and Anthropogenic Microparticles on Individual Fitness in Daphnia magna. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0155063. [PMID: 27176452 PMCID: PMC4866784 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0155063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 224] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2016] [Accepted: 04/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Concerns are being raised that microplastic pollution can have detrimental effects on the feeding of aquatic invertebrates, including zooplankton. Both small plastic fragments (microplastics, MPs) produced by degradation of larger plastic waste (secondary MPs; SMPs) and microscopic plastic spheres used in cosmetic products and industry (primary MPs; PMPs) are ubiquitously present in the environment. However, despite the fact that most environmental MPs consist of weathered plastic debris with irregular shape and broad size distribution, experimental studies of organism responses to MP exposure have largely used uniformly sized spherical PMPs. Therefore, effects observed for PMPs in such experiments may not be representative for MP-effects in situ. Moreover, invertebrate filter-feeders are generally well adapted to the presence of refractory material in seston, which questions the potential of MPs at environmentally relevant concentrations to measurably affect digestion in these organisms. Here, we compared responses to MPs (PMPs and SMPs) and naturally occurring particles (kaolin clay) using the cladoceran Daphnia magna as a model organism. We manipulated food levels (0.4 and 9 μg C mL-1) and MP or kaolin contribution to the feeding suspension (<1 to 74%) and evaluated effects of MPs and kaolin on food uptake, growth, reproductive capacity of the daphnids, and maternal effects on offspring survival and feeding. Exposure to SMPs caused elevated mortality, increased inter-brood period and decreased reproduction albeit only at high MP levels in the feeding suspension (74% by particle count). No such effects were observed in either PMP or kaolin treatments. In daphnids exposed to any particle type at the low algal concentration, individual growth decreased by ~15%. By contrast, positive growth response to all particle types was observed at the high algal concentration with 17%, 54% and 40% increase for kaolin, PMP and SMP, respectively. When test particles comprised 22% in the feeding suspension, both MP types decreased food intake by 30%, while kaolin had no effect. Moreover, SMPs were found to homoaggregate in a concentration-dependent manner, which resulted in a 77% decrease of the ingested SMPs compared to PMPs. To better understand MP-processing in the gut, gut passage time (GPT) and evacuation rate of MPs were also assayed. SMPs and PMPs differed in their effects on daphnids; moreover, the particle effects were dependent on the MP: algae ratio in the suspension. When the MP contribution to the particle abundance in the medium changed from 1 to 4%, GPT for daphnids exposed to SMPs increased 2-fold. Our results suggest that MPs and, in particular, SMPs, have a greater capacity to negatively affect feeding in D. magna compared to naturally occurring mineral particles of similar size. Moreover, grazer responses observed in experiments with PMPs cannot be extrapolated to the field where SMPs dominate, because of the greater effects caused by the latter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Ogonowski
- Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
- AquaBiota Water Research, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Christoph Schür
- Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Åsa Jarsén
- Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Elena Gorokhova
- Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
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Benhadi-Marín J, Pereira JA, Santos SAP. Effects of kaolin particle films on the life span of an orb-weaver spider. Chemosphere 2016; 144:918-924. [PMID: 26432533 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.09.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2015] [Revised: 09/10/2015] [Accepted: 09/18/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Araniella cucurbitina (Araneae: Araneidae) is a widespread orb-weaver spider commonly found in agroecosystems. Mineral particle films such as kaolin, due to their protective or anti-feeding action, can represent an alternative to pesticides, especially in organic farming systems, but little is known about its effects on A. cucurbitina. Therefore, we tested the effect of kaolin sprays on the life span of A. cucurbitina under laboratory conditions. Four treatments were tested encompassing different exposure routes. Thus, kaolin sprays were applied on (i) the surface, (ii) the prey (fly), (iii) the spider and (iv) both spider & prey. A control group was tested with water in each treatment. Results showed that sprays of kaolin significantly affected the survival of A. curcubitina when applications were done on the surface and on both spider & prey registering a reduction of 48% and 56%, respectively. Spiders in control obtained higher probability of reaching alive at the end of the assay than those treated with kaolin. Differences observed can be explained by the feeding behavior of the species and may depend on the consumption of the web by the spider and the ratio spider/fly for body size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacinto Benhadi-Marín
- Mountain Research Centre (CIMO), School of Agriculture, Polytechnic Institute of Bragança, Campus of Santa Apolónia, PO Box 1172, 5301-855 Bragança, Portugal; Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, 3004-517 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - José Alberto Pereira
- Mountain Research Centre (CIMO), School of Agriculture, Polytechnic Institute of Bragança, Campus of Santa Apolónia, PO Box 1172, 5301-855 Bragança, Portugal
| | - Sónia A P Santos
- Mountain Research Centre (CIMO), School of Agriculture, Polytechnic Institute of Bragança, Campus of Santa Apolónia, PO Box 1172, 5301-855 Bragança, Portugal.
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Dinis LT, Bernardo S, Conde A, Pimentel D, Ferreira H, Félix L, Gerós H, Correia CM, Moutinho-Pereira J. Kaolin exogenous application boosts antioxidant capacity and phenolic content in berries and leaves of grapevine under summer stress. J Plant Physiol 2016; 191:45-53. [PMID: 26717011 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2015.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2015] [Revised: 12/08/2015] [Accepted: 12/09/2015] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Heat waves, high light intensities and water deficit are becoming important threats in many important viticultural areas worldwide, so the implementation of efficient and cost-effective mitigation strategies is crucial for the production of premium wines while maintaining productivity. In this context, the foliar application of kaolin, a chemically inert mineral with excellent reflective properties, is being developed and experimented as a strategy to reduce the impact of heat and drought in Douro vineyards (Northern Portugal), already revealing promising results. In the present study we investigated if an improved antioxidant capacity is part of the beneficial effects of kaolin, by studying changes in the enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidant system in leaves and berries (cv Touriga Nacional). Results showed that mature grape berries contained higher amounts of total phenols (40%), flavonoids (24%), anthocyanins (32%) and vitamin C (12%) than fruits from control vines, and important changes were also measured in leaves. In parallel, kaolin application improved the antioxidant capacity in berries, which was correlated with the observed increased content in secondary metabolites. Kaolin application also regulated secondary metabolism at the transcriptional level through the increase in the transcript abundance of genes encoding phenylalanine ammonia lyase and chalcone synthase.
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Affiliation(s)
- L-T Dinis
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Apt. 1013, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal.
| | - S Bernardo
- School of Agriculture Sciences Veterinary ECAV, University of Trás-os-Montes Alto Douro, Apt. 1013, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - A Conde
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Apt. 1013, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; Grupo de Investigação em Biologia Vegetal Aplicada e Inovação Agroalimentar (AgroBioPlant), Departamento de Biologia, Universidade do Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - D Pimentel
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Apt. 1013, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; Grupo de Investigação em Biologia Vegetal Aplicada e Inovação Agroalimentar (AgroBioPlant), Departamento de Biologia, Universidade do Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - H Ferreira
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Apt. 1013, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - L Félix
- Life Sciences and Environment School, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Apt. 1013, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal; Laboratory Animal Science, Institute for Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 823, 4150-180 Porto, Portugal
| | - H Gerós
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Apt. 1013, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; Grupo de Investigação em Biologia Vegetal Aplicada e Inovação Agroalimentar (AgroBioPlant), Departamento de Biologia, Universidade do Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology (CBMA), Department of Biology, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - C M Correia
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Apt. 1013, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - J Moutinho-Pereira
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Apt. 1013, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
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Sánchez-Ramos I, Pascual S, Marcotegui A, Fernández CE, González-Núñez M. Laboratory evaluation of alternative control methods against the false tiger, Monosteira unicostata (Hemiptera: Tingidae). Pest Manag Sci 2014; 70:454-461. [PMID: 23765699 DOI: 10.1002/ps.3593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2012] [Revised: 03/01/2013] [Accepted: 06/13/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Monosteira unicostata is an important pest of almond tree in the Mediterranean region requiring control methods alternative to synthetic pesticides. The efficacy of kaolin, azadirachtin and potassium salts of fatty acids combined with thyme essential oil against adults and fourth instar nymphs of this tingid was evaluated in laboratory assays. RESULTS In no choice assays with adults, kaolin significantly increased mortality compared to control (42.7% versus 23.8%) and reduced the oviposition of females (11.8 versus 35.3 eggs), the feeding activity (169.6 versus 471.2 excrements) and the damage caused (1.1 versus 2.3 damage index). In choice assays with adults, the repellence index calculated for kaolin (48.2%) was significantly higher compared to control (-15.3%), resulting in oviposition, feeding and damage deterrence indices also significantly higher than the control. In no choice assays with nymphs, all products increased mortality and reduced the feeding activity and the damage caused on leaves. Potassium soap with thyme essential oil and azadirachtin were the most effective compounds (98.0% and 97.6% mortality versus 13.3% control mortality, respectively). CONCLUSION The products tested have shown high and different efficacy on nymphs and adults of Monosteira unicostata. This activity might be suitable for the practical application of these compounds to control its populations under real field conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ismael Sánchez-Ramos
- Entomology Group, Plant Protection Department, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Carretera de La Coruña Km 7,5, 28040, Madrid, Spain
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Guo J, Yang C, Peng L. Preparation and characteristics of bacterial polymer using pre-treated sludge from swine wastewater treatment plant. Bioresour Technol 2013; 152:490-498. [PMID: 24333626 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2013.11.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2013] [Revised: 11/14/2013] [Accepted: 11/16/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Sterilization, alkaline-thermal, and acid-thermal treatments were applied to different suspended sludge solids (SSS) concentrations and the pre-treated sludge was used as raw material for bioflocculant-producing bacteria R3 to produce bioflocculant. After 60 h of fermentation, three forms of bioflocculant (broth, capsular, and slime) were extracted, and maximum broth bioflocculant of 2.9 and 4.1 g L(-1) were produced in sterilized and alkaline-thermal treated sludge as compared to that of 1.8 g L(-1) in acid-thermal treated sludge. Higher bioflocculant quantity was produced in SS of 15, 25, and 35 g L(-1) compared to that produced in SS of 45, 55, and 65 g L(-1). Bioflocculant combined with 0.5 g Ca(2+) in 1.0 L kaolin suspension acted as conditioning agent, and maximum flocculating activity of 94.5% and 92.8% was achieved using broth and slime bioflocculant, respectively. The results demonstrated that wastewater sludge could be used as sources to prepare bioflocculants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyuan Guo
- College of Resources and Environment, Chengdu University of Information Technology, Chengdu, Sichuan 610225, China.
| | - Chunping Yang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Waste Treatment and Recycling, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, China; College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China
| | - Lanyan Peng
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China
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Shao J, Wang Z, Liu Y, Liu H, Peng L, Wei X, Lei M, Li R. Physiological responses of Microcystis aeruginosa NIES-843 (cyanobacterium) under the stress of chitosan modified kaolinite (CMK) loading. Ecotoxicology 2012; 21:698-704. [PMID: 22095162 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-011-0828-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/09/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Flocculation with clays is a promising and environmentally friendly way to remove algal blooms. Physiological responses of Microcystis aeruginosa NIES-843 under the stress of chitosan modified kaolinite (CMK) loading were first reported in this paper. Compared with the control, the contents of chlorophyll a (Chl a) and carotenoids showed no significant difference at a CMK loading of 40 mg/l, but the phycocyanin content was significant lower than the control at this loading level. The contents of Chl a, carotenoids, phycocyanin and allophycocyanin were all significantly lower than the control at 80 and 160 mg/l CMK, and the leakage of phycobilins occurred at these two loading levels suggesting that flocculation with CMK could cause the damage of cellular membranes. The activities of extracellular alkaline phosphatase activity (E-APA), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) were all dramatically boosted under the stress of CMK loading. The changes of cellular dehydrogenase activity exhibited the same trends as of Chl a and carotenoids, and it decreased to the levels of lower than detectable limits on 12 and 8th day at a CMK loading of 80 and 160 mg/l, respectively. These results indicated that flocculation with CMK could cause cell mortality of M. aeruginosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihai Shao
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, People's Republic of China
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Peng L, Trumble JT, Munyaneza JE, Liu TX. Repellency of a kaolin particle film to potato psyllid, Bactericera cockerelli (Hemiptera: Psyllidae), on tomato under laboratory and field conditions. Pest Manag Sci 2011; 67:815-824. [PMID: 21337676 DOI: 10.1002/ps.2118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2010] [Revised: 10/16/2010] [Accepted: 12/19/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The potato psyllid, Bactericera cockerelli, is a vector of Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum, causing several diseases in solanaceous crops. Laboratory and field no-choice and choice experiments were conducted to evaluate the repellency of kaolin particle film on adults of B. cockerelli on tomato plants that had been sprayed with kaolin particle film on the upper surface only, on the lower surface only and on both leaf surfaces. RESULTS In no-choice tests in the laboratory, the numbers of adults on leaves were not different between the kaolin particle film and the water control, regardless of which leaf surface(s) were treated, but numbers of eggs were lower on the leaves treated with kaolin particle film than on those treated with water. In choice tests on plants treated with water/plants treated with kaolin particle film at ratios of 1:1, 6:3 or 8:1, fewer adults and eggs were found on the leaves treated with kaolin particle film than on leaves treated with water. Under field conditions, in caged no-choice or choice tests, fewer adults, eggs and nymphs were found on plants treated with kaolin particle film than on plants treated with water. In an uncaged test under field conditions, plants sprayed with kaolin particle film had fewer psyllids than those sprayed with water. CONCLUSION Even though potato psyllid adults could land on plants treated with kaolin particle film when no choice was given, fewer eggs were laid. When given a choice, the psyllids avoided plants treated with kaolin particle film under laboratory and field conditions. Kaolin particle film treatment may be a useful alternative for management of potato psyllids under field conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linian Peng
- Key Laboratory of Applied Entomology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
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Melø TM, Håberg AK, Risa Ø, Kondziella D, Henry PG, Sonnewald U. Tricarboxylic acid cycle activity measured by 13C magnetic resonance spectroscopy in rats subjected to the kaolin model of obstructed hydrocephalus. Neurochem Res 2011; 36:1801-8. [PMID: 21603937 PMCID: PMC3161187 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-011-0497-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/05/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Evaluating early changes in cerebral metabolism in hydrocephalus can help in the decision making and the timing of surgical intervention. This study was aimed at examining the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle rate and 13C label incorporation into neurotransmitter amino acids and other compounds 2 weeks after rats were subjected to kaolin-induced progressive hydrocephalus. In vivo and ex vivo magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), combined with the infusion of [1,6-13C]glucose, was used to monitor the time courses of 13C label incorporation into the different carbon positions of glutamate in the forebrains of rats with hydrocephalus as well as in those of controls. Metabolic rates were determined by fitting the measured data into a one-compartment metabolic model. The TCA cycle rate was 1.3 ± 0.2 μmoles/gram/minute in the controls and 0.8 ± 0.4 μmoles/gram/minute in the acute hydrocephalus group, the exchange rate between α-ketoglutarate and glutamate was 4.1 ± 2.5 μmoles/gram/minute in the controls and 2.7 ± 2.6 μmoles/gram/minute in the hydrocephalus group calculated from in vivo MRS. There were no statistically significant differences between these rates. Hydrocephalus caused a decrease in the amounts of glutamate, alanine and taurine. In addition, the concentration of the neuronal marker N-acetyl aspartate was decreased. 13C Labelling of most amino acids derived from [1,6-13C]glucose was unchanged 2 weeks after hydrocephalus induction. The only indication of astrocyte impairment was the decreased 13C enrichment in glutamine C-2. This study shows that hydrocephalus causes subtle but significant alterations in neuronal metabolism already early in the course of the disease. These sub-lethal changes, however, if maintained and if ongoing might explain the delayed and programmed neuronal damage as seen in chronic hydrocephalus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Torun M. Melø
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Olav Kyrresgt. 3, 7489 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Asta K. Håberg
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Olav Kyrresgt. 3, 7489 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Øystein Risa
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, NTNU, 7489 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Daniel Kondziella
- Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Pierre-Gilles Henry
- Department of Radiology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA
| | - Ursula Sonnewald
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Olav Kyrresgt. 3, 7489 Trondheim, Norway
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Zhou Y, Yao J, He M, Choi MMF, Feng L, Chen H, Wang F, Chen K, Zhuang R, Maskow T, Wang G, Zaray G. Reduction in toxicity of arsenic(III) to Halobacillus sp. Y35 by kaolin and their related adsorption studies. J Hazard Mater 2010; 176:487-494. [PMID: 20004516 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2009.11.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2009] [Revised: 11/09/2009] [Accepted: 11/09/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The growth of Halobacillus sp. Y35 has been investigated in HGM hypersaline medium with different doses of As(III) and kaolin. The metabolic heat flux decreases with the increase in As(III) concentration, indicating that strain Y35 lowers their metabolic activity in order to resist the As(III) toxicity. Carbon dioxide flux, cell growth and protein synthesis rates, and total thermal effect have been, for the first time, successfully employed simultaneously to assess the effect of As(III) on strain Y35 in the absence and presence of kaolin. The relative adsorption capacity and adsorption intensity of kaolin for As(III) are higher with strain Y35 than that without strain Y35, demonstrating that it is possible to reduce the toxicity of As(III) to our environment by both using mineral adsorption and biosorption technology. Our work shows the potential application of kaolin and strain Y35 for the removal of As(III) from contaminated groundwater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology of Chinese Ministry of Education, China
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Leskey TC, Wright SE, Glenn DM, Puterka GJ. Effect of Surround WP on behavior and mortality of apple maggot (Diptera: Tephritidae). J Econ Entomol 2010; 103:394-401. [PMID: 20429454 DOI: 10.1603/ec09131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Apple maggot, Rhagoletis pomonella (Walsh) (Diptera: Tephritidae), is a key pest in apple (Malus spp.) production areas located in the northeastern and midwestern United States and the eastern provinces of Canada. The development of Surround WP has offered a new approach for controlling apple maggot and other tephritid species, because this material is considered to be compatible with advanced integrated pest management and organic production systems. We conducted studies aimed at identifying the behavioral and biological effects of this material on apple maggots. Specifically, we examined the effect of Surround WP on the visual ecology of adult flies under field conditions, on tactile responses of flies in semifield trials, and on fly mortality in laboratory-based-bioassays. We demonstrated that an even coating of white particles over a fruit-mimicking sphere surface reduced visual attractiveness. We also found that spotty-coated fruit-mimicking spheres (meant to mimic ripe fruit bearing an uneven coating of Surround WP) were perceived by flies as not having the ideal round silhouette shape stimulus. Surround WP served as a tactile deterrent; the residence time of females introduced on to treated fruit was much shorter compared with untreated fruit. Surround WP also had a toxic effect on both adult apple maggot and Rhagoletis suavis (Loew); flies exposed to and forced to stand on Surround-treated surfaces died in <2 d in all trials. The combined effectiveness of Surround WP is based on a reduction in the attractiveness of fruit-based visual cues, an increase in the likelihood of flies leaving treated surfaces due to tactile deterrence, and a potential for increased mortality due to exposure to Surround WP particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tracy C Leskey
- USDA-ARS, Appalachian Fruit Research Station, 2217 Wiltshire Rd., Kearneysville, WV 25430-2771, USA.
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Tanaka A, Suzuki Y, Sugihara K, Kanayama N, Urano T. Inactivation of plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 by activated factor XII plays a role in the enhancement of fibrinolysis by contact factors in-vitro. Life Sci 2009; 85:220-5. [PMID: 19500599 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2009.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2009] [Revised: 05/07/2009] [Accepted: 05/23/2009] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Several activated coagulation factors have been reported to enhance fibrinolysis by inactivating plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 (PAI-1), a serine protease inhibitor. We analyzed the interaction between PAI-1 and the three serine proteases generated during contact activation of plasma, activated factor XII (FXIIa), FXIa, and kallikrein, and evaluated their effects on fibrinolysis in-vitro. MAIN METHODS Effects of kaolin on euglobulin clot lysis time (ECLT) and behavior of PAI-1 in factor-depleted plasma were analyzed. KEY FINDINGS The ECLT of pooled plasma obtained from normal volunteers (designated as 100%) was shortened to 62.1+/-3.1% by Ca(2+) (5 mM) and 29.9+/-3.1% by kaolin. Activated protein C reversed the ECLT shortened by Ca(2+)-supplementation (86.3+/-17.4%), but did not affect the ECLT shortened by kaolin (31.4+/-2.1%). Thus, in contrary to Ca(2+)-supplementation, kaolin appeared to shorten the ECLT by a mechanism independent of thrombin generation. In three kinds of contact factor-depleted plasma, kaolin did not shorten ECLT only in FXII-depleted plasma. PAI-1 was cleaved to its inactive form in the Ca(2+) as well as the kaolin-supplemented euglobulin fraction in normal plasma, the latter of which, however, was not observed in FXII-depleted plasma. Similarly, a high molecular weight complex between FXIIa and PAI-1, as well as a cleaved form of PAI-1, was observed in kaolin-supplemented normal plasma, but neither was found in kaolin-supplemented FXII-depleted plasma. SIGNIFICANCE PAI-1 inactivation by FXIIa appears to be a mechanism by which contact phase coagulation factors enhance fibrinolysis independently of thrombin generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aki Tanaka
- Department of Physiology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
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Wang JQ, Shi XB, Yang JG, Hu DY. In vitro anticoagulation monitoring of low-molecular-weight heparin. Chin Med J (Engl) 2009; 122:1199-1202. [PMID: 19493471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although low-molecular-weight heparin has replaced unfractionated heparin to become the primary anticoagulation drug for treatment of acute coronary syndrome, there is no convenient bedside monitoring method. We explored the best laboratory monitoring method of low-molecular-weight heparins (enoxaparin, dalteparin, and nadroparin) by use of the Sonoclot coagulation analyzer to monitor the activated clotting time. METHODS A total of 20 healthy volunteers were selected and 15 ml of fasting venous blood samples were collected and incubated. Four coagulants, kaolin, diatomite, glass bead, and magnetic stick, were used to determine the activated clotting time of the low-molecular-weight heparins at different in vitro anti-Xa factor concentrations. A correlation analysis was made to obtain the regression equation. The activated clotting time of the different low-molecular-weight heparins with the same anti-Xa factor concentration was monitored when the coagulant glass beads were applied. RESULTS The activated clotting time measured using the glass beads, diatomite, kaolin, and magnetic stick showed a linear correlation with the concentration of nadroparin (r = 0.964, 0.966, 0.970, and 0.947, respectively). The regression equation showed that the linear slopes of different coagulants were significantly different (glass beads 230.03 s/IU, diatomite 89.91 s/IU, kaolin 50.87 s/IU, magnetic stick could not be calculated). When the concentration of the anti-Xa factor was the same for different low-molecular-weight heparins, the measured activated clotting time was different after the application of the glass bead coagulant. CONCLUSIONS The glass bead coagulant is most feasible for monitoring the in vitro anticoagulation activity of nadroparin. The different effects of different low-molecular-weight heparins on the activated clotting time may be related to the different anti-IIa activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-qi Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
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Mannucci PM, Vecchietti M, Saracino F, Pareti FI. Effect on platelet behaviour of beta-benzal-butyric acid. Acta Med Scand Suppl 2009; 525:259-62. [PMID: 5292098 DOI: 10.1111/j.0954-6820.1972.tb05839.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Teppo AM, Pakkanen R, Maury CP. Plasma total prekallikrein/kallikrein activity in rheumatoid arthritis with and without amyloidosis. Increased kaolin-stimulated activity in patients with amyloidosis. Acta Med Scand 2009; 217:397-402. [PMID: 2409750 DOI: 10.1111/j.0954-6820.1985.tb02714.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Following exposure to kaolin, plasma samples were assayed for total prekallikrein/kallikrein activity in 19 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), 39 patients with RA complicated by amyloidosis, 13 patients with nonamyloid nephropathy and 54 healthy subjects. Increased total kallikrein activity was found in RA patients with amyloidosis and in patients with nonamyloid nephropathy. The concentrations of the plasma kallikrein inhibitors C1-inactivator and alpha 2-macroglobulin were normal in RA patients without amyloidosis, whereas they were increased in patients with amyloidosis as well as in patients with nonamyloid nephropathy. The results suggest that the increased activity of plasma kaolin-stimulated kallikrein in RA patients with amyloidosis is due to the nephropathy per se and probably reflects increased levels of prekallikrein.
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Laake K, Gjonnaess H, Fagerhol MK. Components of the kallikrein-kinin system and the spontaneous cold activation of factor VII in human plasma. Acta Pharmacol Toxicol (Copenh) 2009; 33:229-40. [PMID: 4800785 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0773.1973.tb02010.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Abstract
Respirable quartz and kaolin particles were treated with fluorescent-labeled phospholipids to model contact of fibrogenic and nonfibrogenic particles with pulmonary surfactant in the alveolar regions of the lung. Particles were used to challenge rat pulmonary macrophages in vitro at times from 1 d to 10 d. The objective was to develop a quantitative method to track surfactant components that adsorb to respirable particles in the lung or inside cells. Confocal laser scanning microscopy was used to image and quantify surfactant remaining on particles internalized by cells. Results indicate that the fluorescent label is removed from quartz particles quickly, with the fluorescence intensity less than 15% of initial value at 3 d, and about 5% at 10 d. In contrast, the kaolin particle-associated fluorescence was still approximately 39% of initial intensity at 3 d, and 10-15% at 10 d. Unchallenged cells showed a background of approximately 5%, and noninternalized particles did not exhibit any loss of fluorescence over the 10-d exposure. The results indicate the method may be useful in label-removal rate studies of respirable particles in vitro, with some cautions and limitations. Results are discussed and compared with similar studies using nonimaging techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Keane
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Health Effects Laboratory Division, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA.
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Abstract
This study assessed the effects of Surround (kaolin) on several behavioral parameters of female blueberry maggot, Rhagoletis mendax Curran (Diptera: Tephritidae). First fruit visited, walking, cleaning, and oviposition behavior were quantified in two-choice and no-choice assays where females encountered Surround-treated and untreated fruit of highbush blueberries (Vaccinium spp.). In two-choice assays, females had a propensity (68%) to first visit untreated blueberries. In two-choice and no-choice tests, number of walking bouts and duration of walking bouts were significantly shorter on the Surround-treated than on untreated fruit. Few oviposition attempts on fruit were observed, irrespective of treatments and assays. Chromameter measurements showed significant modification of the blueberry skin color parameters lightness, hue, and saturation between untreated fruit compared with fruit dipped once or twice in a suspension of Surround. Oviposition trials with field-treated fruit showed that blueberries treated with Surround had fewer oviposition scars than the control, and this was more pronounced with weekly applications of Surround. Uneven coating of the fruit by Surround in field applications may have resulted in higher acceptance rates by flies than in blueberries individually dipped and used in laboratory trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Lemoyne
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Horticulture Research and Development Centre, 430 Gouin Blvd., Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu, QC, Canada
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